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Materialart
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  • 1995-1999  (4.517)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1940-1944
  • 1920-1924
  • 1880-1889  (946)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cellular neurilemoma (schwannoma) of the descending colon mimicking carcinoma (1998)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 41 (1998), S. 1193-1196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Schlagwort(e): Cellular neurilemoma ; Schwannoma ; Occult blood ; Intestinal hemorrhage ; Hematochezia ; Stromal tumors ; S-100 ; Leu-7 ; glial fibrillary acid protein ; Descending colon ; Gastrointestinal ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We report a rare case of a cellular neurilemoma (schwannoma) of the descending colon, mimicking carcinoma, not accompanied by von Recklinghausen's disease. The differential diagnostic problems are discussed and the possibility of a site-specific, modified Schwann cell of myenteric plexus origin is suggested.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02239444
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Are lymph node micrometastases of any clinical significance in dukes stages A and B colorectal cancer? (1998)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 41 (1998), S. 1244-1249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Schlagwort(e): Colonic neoplasms ; Cytokeratin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymph nodes ; Micrometastases ; Rectal neoplasms ; Survival ; Tumor stage
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract PURPOSE: The aim was to investigate the significance of lymph node micrometastases in Dukes Stages A and B colorectal cancer. METHODS: Archival specimens were examined from 147 patients (96 colon, 51 rectum; 44 Stage A, 103 Stage B) who had surgery between 1987 and 1994. One lymph node section from each node (colon, 1–11; median, 4; rectum, 1–15; median, 3) was examined with use of an anticytokeratin antibody. RESULTS: Forty-seven (32 percent) patients had micrometastases. At follow-up in June 1996, 23 patients had died of cancer or with known tumor relapse, after a median time of 28 (range, 5–67) months; 8 of 47 (17 percent) patients had micrometastases, 15 of 100 (15 percent) did not. No statistically significant differences were observed according to micrometastases when the results were analyzed with respect to Dukes stage or survival time. The median survival time of living patients with micrometastases was 48 (range, 18–97) months, and for patients without micrometastases, 48 (range, 19–111) months. Six of 96 living patients had a tumor relapse; three of these displayed micrometastases. CONCLUSION: Lymph node micrometastases are not a useful prognostic marker in Dukes Stages A and B and do not imply different strategies for additional therapy or follow-up.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258221
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Predictive value of nuclear betacatenin expression for the occurrence of distant metastases in rectal cancer (1998)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 41 (1998), S. 1256-1261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Schlagwort(e): Beta-catenin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Metastasis ; Predictive value ; Prognosis ; Rectal cancer ; Tumor marker
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract PURPOSE: Adenomatous polyposis coli protein, glycogen synthetase kinase-3-beta, T cell transcription factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor, and beta-catenin modulate cell differentiation and proliferation via the expression of effector genes. It has recently been postulated that betacatenin is a potent oncogene of sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis and a prognostic tumor marker. Our aim was to investigate whether the nuclear overexpression of betacatenin, possibly caused by mutations in exon 3 of betacatenin (CTNNB1), is correlated with distant metastatic spread or disease-free survival in rectal carcinoma. METHODS: Immunohistochemical analysis was performed with an anti-beta-catenin-monoclonal antibody on paraffin sections of two groups of patients (n=2 × 77) with rectal carcinoma curatively treated by surgery alone. The patients selected were all free of local disease, to exclude surgical influence. Patient groups were matched for age, gender, International Union Against Cancer stage, and year of operation (1982 to 1991) and differed only in subsequent metachronous distant metastatic spread. Follow-up was prospective (median, 9.6 years). Three staining patterns were defined: membranous (normal), diffuse cytoplasmic (pathologic), and intense nuclear staining (pathologic). When intense nuclear staining was defined, the specimen was microdissected. Then, DNA was isolated, polymerase chain reaction-amplified, and sequenced to detect mutations in exon 3. RESULTS: Nuclear overexpression of beta-catenin correlated neither with distant metastatic spread (chisquared, 0.37;P=0.79) nor with disease-free survival (log-rank with trend,P=0.62). No mutations were found in the area of the serine/threonine-kinase glycogen synthetase kinase-3-beta-phosphorylation site in exon 3 (CTNNB1) of beta-catenin. CONCLUSION: Although beta-catenin seems to play an important role in early colorectal carcinogenesis, its value as a prognostic marker is questionable. It must be assumed that metastatic ability is determined by other factors than the disturbance of the beta-catenin T cell transcription factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor cascade and that other mechanisms might cause the observed nuclear translocation of beta-catenin.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258226
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    p53 protein overexpression and response to induction chemoradiation therapy in patients with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma (1998)
    Springer
    Annals of surgical oncology 5 (1998), S. 203-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Schlagwort(e): Colorectal cancer ; p53 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Radiotherapy ; Surgery
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Background: The association between mutations in the p53 gene and prognosis in colorectal cancer remains controversial. This report evaluates the role of p53 protein to predict the response of neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy in patients with primary locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma. Methods: Between January 1993 and December 1994, 26 patients were seen with locally advanced primary rectal adenocarcinoma, located between 0 and 10 cm from the anal verge, demonstrated clinically and by CT scan. Each received 45 Gy of preoperative radiation therapy (RT) concomitantly with bolus infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) (450/mg/m2 on days 1 to 5 and 28 to 33 of RT). Surgery was performed between 4 and 8 weeks later. All the primary tumors were mapped and sliced. The response rate was divided according to the percentage of malignant cells in the rectal wall and perirectal fat. Lymph nodes were studied with the manual or modified clearing technique. p53 mutant status was assessed immunohistochemically from sections of the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded pretreatment biopsy and the resected specimen. Results: There were 14 females and 12 males, with a mean age of 54 years. All received the scheduled treatment. An abdominoperineal resection (n=10), low anterior resection (n=10), and pelvic exenteration (n=6) were performed. The stages of tumors were as follows: no residual tumor (n=4); T2 (n=6); T3–4 (N=9); and T3–4, N1,2 (n=7). Fourteen specimens (54%) had mutated p53, and 10 (71%) had 〉50% of residual tumor, whereas only two (17%) of the specimens with normal p53 had 〉50% of residual tumor (P=.018). Eight of the 10 low anterior resections were performed in patients whose specimens expressed normal p53. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the determination of p53 is a factor in predicting tumor response in patients who undergo preoperative chemoradiation therapy for rectal adenocarcinoma.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02303772
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of IL-6 overexpression on the metastatic potential of rat hepatocellular carcinoma cells (1998)
    Springer
    Annals of surgical oncology 5 (1998), S. 279-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Schlagwort(e): IL-6 ; Metastasis ; Hepatocellular carcinoma ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Background: Previous studies demonstrated that excess IL-6 production correlated with the metastatic potential of rat hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In the work reported here a retroviral construct containing the gene for murine IL-6 was introduced into otherwise nonmetastatic tumor cells to directly determine the effect of IL-6 overexpression on tumor metastatic potential. Methods: The clonal cell lines 1682.C.2.9.L0 (L0, poorly metastatic) and 1682.C.2.9.L10 (L10, highly metastatic) were selected from a parental hepatocellular carcinoma induced in ACI rats by feeding an ethionine-containing diet. Viral supernatant was used to infect the PA317 amphotropic cell line, and retrovirus produced from these cells infected the poorly metastatic L0 hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Neomycin-resistant cells were selected in G418 and designated L0-IL-6. Results: As determined by bioassay, L0 cells produce 10±1.2 U/mL IL-6 in culture, whereas L10 cells release 95±11 U/mL (P〈0.01, Student'st-test). Retroviral-mediated IL-6 gene transfer resulted in the production of 1266±48 U/mL IL-6 by L0-IL-6 cells under identical culture conditions. When an inoculum of 5×106 cells is injected subcutaneously, both L0 and L10 cell lines result in primary tumors with equivalent rates of growth; only L10 cells metastasize to the lung, however. A similar inoculation of L0-IL-6 cells produced local tumors in all 24 animals tested. Interestingly, 15 of 24 (62%) animals presented with metastatic nodules in the abdominal cavity, whereas no such tumors were found in animals receiving L10 cells. Conclusion: Overexpression of IL-6 increases metastatic potential of tumor cells, with preferential metastases to the abdominal cavity when compared with tumor cells elaborating endogenous IL-6.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02303786
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structure of a 1:1 complex between the anthelmintic drug mebendazole and propionic acid (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 11-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Mebendazole–propionic acid complex ; molecular complex ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Recrystallization of the anthelmintic drug mebendazole from propionic acid yields a 1:1 molecular complex which crystallizes in the triclinic system space group $${P\bar 1}$$ , a = 5.928(2), b = 11.066(2), c = 14.337(6)Å, α = 94.89(3), β = 101.56(3), γ = 96.18(2)°, and Z = 2 complex units in the unit cell. An x-ray diffraction study revealed an R 2 2 (8) hydrogen bonding system in the complex, involving the unprotonated imidazole N and amide N–H function of the drug and the acid carboxylic group. Complex molecules form centrosymmetric dimers by intermolecular N–H···O hydrogen bonding involving the protonated imidazole N atom and the benzoyl O atom of the drug molecule.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021766300133
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal structure and EPR spectra of glycilglycilglycinocopper(II)bromide sesquihydrate (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 61-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Cu(II) complex ; crystal structure ; EPR spectra
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The title compound, Cu(glyglygly)Br·1·5H2O, crystallizes in the space group C2/c, with a = 21.468(7), b = 6.716(5), c = 16.166(6) Å, β = 98.39°, and Z = 8. The tripeptide is bonded to one Cu(II) ion through the nitrogen [Cu–N=1.97(1)Å] and oxygen [Cu–O=2.019(8)Å] atoms of the amino end glycine residue and to another Cu(II) through one oxygen atom [Cu–O=1.931(9)Å] of the terminal carboxyl group. This give rise to covalently bonded and infinite ···–Cu–tripeptide–Cu–··· chains. These chains are linked to one another by a network of H-bonds involving the water molecules and bromide ions. The Cu(II) ion is in a distorted tetragonal pyramidal coordination polyhedron. At the corner of the base of the pyramid are the terminal glycine nitrogen and oxygen atoms of one tripeptide, a carboxylic oxygen of another tripeptide and a bromide ion. The fivefold coordination is completed with a water molecule at the top of the pyramid [Cu–Ow=2.286(9)Å]. For all orientations of the applied magnetic field the single crystal EPR spectra display a single anisotropic exchange collapsed resonance without hyperfine structure. Its position was measured in three perpendicular planes and the crystal g-tensor evaluated from the data. This tensor is interpreted in terms of the contributing Cu(II) complexes in the unit cell to deduce the principal values g1 = 2.273, g2 = 2.050 and g3 = 2.131 for the molecular gyromagnetic tensor. We also discuss the magnitude of the exchange interaction between neighboring copper ions in the lattice on the basis of the features in the EPR spectra and the structural information.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021734820606
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reaction of 2-methylnaphthalene with hexachlorocyclopentadiene and structural characterization of a new addition-substitution product (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 787-790 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): 2-Methylnaphthalene ; hexachlorocyclopentadiene ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract 2-Methylnaphthalene undergoes Diels-Alder addition and substitution with hexachlorocyclopentadiene to give two products, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,13,13,14,14-dodecachloro-1,4,4a,4b,5,8,8a,12b-octahydro-10-methyl-1,4;5,8-dimethanotriphenylene 1 and 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,13,13,14,14-dodecachloro-1,4,4a,4b,5,8,8a,12b-octahydro-10-(1′,2′,3′,4′,5′-pentachlorocyclopentadienyl)methyl-1,4;5,8-dimethanotriphenylene 2. The molecular structure of 2 has been characterized by X-ray crystallography: C26H9Cl17, monoclinic, space group P21/c, with a = 15.316(3), b = 13.698(3), c = 16.116(3) Å, β = 96.113(3)°, and Z = 4.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021819518557
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis and crystal structure of [(PhenH)(PhenH2)][BiCl6]·2H2O with different o-phenanthroline protonations (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 791-796 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Halobismuthate(III) ; phenanthroline ; synthesis ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The reaction between bismuthate oxide and phen (1,10-phenanthroline) in acid medium led to the isolation of the unusual [(PhenH)(PhenH2)][BiCl6]·2H2O derivative, which has been characterized by X-ray analysis and IR spectroscopy. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group $$[\text[P\bar 1]]$$ with a = 8.313(2), b = 9.349(2), c = 9.807(3) Å, α = 86.39(3), β = 110.27(3) and γ = 106.48(3)°. The crystal structure is made of [BiCl6]3− anions and [(PhenH)(PhenH2)]3+ cations. A network of hydrogen bond interactions involving the two clathrated water molecules, the phenanthroline moiety and the chlorines characterizes the entire structure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021871502627
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tris-(thiocyanato)-bis-(hexamethylenetetramine)-nona-(aquo) lanthanum(III): synthesis, crystal structure, IR and Raman characterization (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 879-884 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Lanthanum complex ; hexamethylenetetramine ; IR spectra ; thiocyanates ; coordination number nine ; tricapped trigonal prism ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The title compound (LaC15H42N11O9S3) was prepared and characterized by means of X-ray, IR and Raman measurements. The crystals are orthorhombic: Pnma (No. 62), a = 21.117(2), b = 14.736(2), c = 10.082(1) Å, and Z = 4. The structure consists of polyhedra with a La(III) ion in the center of them and hexamethylene molecules, which link these polyhedra. Each La(III) ion coordinates seven molecules of water and two thiocyanate ions via nitrogen atoms. The IR and Raman spectra, which have been obtained and interpreted, are in good agreement with X-ray results.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022846402229
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Preparation and crystal structures of the Ce(IV) β-diketonates, [Ce(tmhd)4] and [Ce(pmhd)4] (tmhd =2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dionate and pmhd = 1-phenyl-5-methylhexane-1,3-dionate) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 267-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Cerium(IV) ; β-diketonate ; volatility ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The cerium(IV) β-diketonate compounds [Ce(β-diket)4] [where β-diket = tmhd (2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dionate) 1, pmhd (1-phenyl-5-methylhexane-1,3-dionate) 2] were prepared by reacting cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate [CAN; Ce(NH4)2(NO3)6] with the respective Na(β-diket) compound in ethanol, and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group $$P \bar 1$$ with a = 12.472(4), b = 19.972(5), c = 21.436(3) Å, α = 97.05(7), β = 90.16(2), γ = 106.55(3)°, V = 5076(2) Å3, Z = 4, T = 150(2) K. Compound 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n. with a = 14.817(6), b = 17.123(6), c = 19.146(3) Å, β = 105.46(4)°, V = 4682(3) Å3, Z = 4, T = 150(2) K. Crystals of 1 contain two independent [Ce(tmhd)4] molecules, with four chelating tmhd ligands bonded to each metal in a distorted dodecahedral arrangement; the cerium atom in 2 is also bonded to four chelating pmhd ligands but in this case the coordination geometry is closer to square antiprism. Both complexes are air and moisture stable. Sublimation studies reveal that 1 sublimes almost quantitatively, while 2 is comparatively involatile.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021897102260
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular structure and spectral characteristics of bis(S-methyl-N-(2-pyridyl)methylendithiocarbazato)nickel(II), (Ni(NNS)2) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 871-874 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Nickel(II) complex ; crystal structure ; Schiff base
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A nickel(II) complex of the pyridine-2-aldehyde Schiff base of S-methyldithiocarbazate (HNNS) has been synthesized and characterized by means of elemental analysis, IR and UV-vis spectra. The crystal structure of the complex has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic, space P21/c, with a = 14.092(2), b = 16.886(2), c = 8.857(2)Å; β = 105.78(3) °, V = 2028.2(6) Å3, and Z = 4. The nickel atom is octahedrally coordinated by two uninegatively charged tridentate Schiff base in a mer-configuration via the pyridine nitrogen atom, azomethine nitrogen atom, and mecaptide sulfur atom.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022842301321
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Benztropine mesylate: crystal structure and kinetics of dehydration (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 885-892 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Benztropine mesylate ; crystal structure ; thermal analysis ; dehydration kinetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The crystal structure of benztropine mesylate has been determined. It is orthorhombic, Pbca, with a = 12. 885(8)Å, b = 32.012(9)Å, and c = 10.027(3) Å. It exhibits similar packing to that seen in the previously reported crystal structure of benztropine mesylate monhydrate. X-ray powder diffraction patterns have been used to identify the anhydrous and monohydrate forms. The dehydration of the monohydrate follows a first-order reaction mechanism with activation energy of 92(8) kJ mol−1.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022898419067
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis and X-ray crystallographic characterization of [Cd(NO3)2(15-Crown-5)] and [Cd(NO3)2(18-Crown-6)] (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 521-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Cadmium ; crown ether ; 15-crown-5 ; 18-crown-6 ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Reaction of 15-crown-5 or 18-crown-6 in 3:1 (v/v) CH3CN:CH3OH with Cd(NO3)2·4H2O followed by slow evaporation produces [Cd(NO3)2(15-crown-5)] or [Cd(NO3)2(18-crown-6)]. Crystals of [Cd(NO3)2(15-crown-5)] are orthorhombic with space group Pbca and cell parameters a = 13.562(5), b = 15.941(9), and c = 15.011(7) Å at 295 K. [Cd(NO3)2(18-crown-6)] crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 11.235(2), b = 11.196(5), c = 15.385(3) Å, and β = 99.89(2)° at 295 K. The metal center in [Cd(NO3)2(15-crown-5)] rests atop the macrocyclic donor array with two cis-bound nitrate anions and adopts a distorted tricapped trigonal prismatic geometry. [Cd(NO3)2(18-crown-6)] resides on an equatorial two-fold rotation axis with Cd2+ coordinated in the 18-crown-6 cavity and the nitrate anions oriented in twisted trans positions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1023239921542
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The crystal and molecular structure of (−)—Crinine (C16H17NO3) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 577-579 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): (−)—Crinine ; Pancratium ; alkaloid ; Amaryllidaceae ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract (−)—Crinine, C16H17NO3, is an alkaloid extracted from the bulbs of Pancratium maritimum L. (Amaryllidaceae). The compound crystallizes in the space group P212121 with cell dimensions a = 6.040(1), b = 12.382(1), c = 17.861(2) Å, with Z = 4. The molecule has five rings and an OH group. The N-containing, five-membered ring and the D ring have envelope conformations. The A and B rings have distorted chair and half-chair conformations, respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1023256425176
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal structure of 2,2,4,7,7-pentamethyl-3,6-dithiaoctane tetracarbonyl tungsten(0) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 217-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Metal carbonyl complexes ; chelate complexes ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The x-ray crystal structure of the complex η2-PDOW(CO)4 (five-membered ring, PDO = 2, 2, 4, 7, 7-pentamethyl-3,6-dithiaoctane) is reported. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system, space group P21/c, [#14] with unit cell parameters a = 14.002(14) Å, b = 9.340(10) Å, c = 15.094(12) Å, β = 92.67(4)°, V = 1972(3) Å3; Z = 4. The arrangement of the ligands around the metal atom is distorted from octahedral geometry. Large C–O bond distances and short W–C bond distances of the carbonyl groups located at a trans position with respect to PDO is indicative of a trans influence. The W–S(1) and W–S(2) bond distances of 2.545(3) and 2.545(2) Å, respectively, are shorter than observed for closely related complexes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022478528825
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal structure of tris(triphenylsiloxy)borane·triphenylsilanol (1:1) adduct (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 277-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Triphenylsiloxy ; silanol ; borane ; crystal structure ; adduct
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The title compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group $$P \bar 1$$ , with a = 14.458(6), b = 14.630(5), c = 14.721(8) Å, α = 79.75(2), β = 80.11(3), γ = 80.50(3)°, and Z = 2. The crystal structure consists of molecules of (Ph3SiO)3B and Ph3SiOH linked by an weak B···(silanol) acceptor-donor bond, additionally stabilized by OH(silanol)···O(siloxy) hydrogen bonds. The average B–O, Si–O distances and B–O–Si angle are 1.369, 1.649 Å and 137.2°, respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021849219098
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    17α-acetoxy-17β-methyl-16β-phenyl-D-homo-4,6-pregnadiene-3,17a-dione: synthesis and crystal structure determination of a new rearranged pregnane derivative (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 487-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Steroid ; pregnadiene ; x-ray diffraction ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The title compound is C29H34O4, tetragonal, P43, a = b = 10.310(1), c = 23.871(2)Å. The A, B, C, and D rings adopt envelope, half-chair, chair, and distorted chair conformations, respectively. The phenyl ring is planar. The methyl substituents at the A/B, C/D, and at C(17) are axial; and the –OCOCH3 group at C(17) and phenyl ring at C(16) are equatorial. The molecules in the crystal are held together by van der Waals forces and several C–H···O hydrogen bond interactions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021729007943
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structure, absolute configuration, and conformation of the antimalarial compound, Artemisinin (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 539-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Antimalarial ; crystal structure ; peroxy bridge
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The crystal and molecular structure of the antimalarial compound Artemisinin (formerly known as Qinghaosu), C15H22O5 has been determined by direct methods. Crystals are orthorhombic colorless needles, space group P212121, Z = 4. D c = 1.299 g cm −3, with unit cell parameters a = 6.3543(9), b = 9.439(3), c= 24.066(4) Å. The molecule incorporates a fused ring system containing a six-membered ring C which includes an oxygen bridge and a peroxy-bridge. The ring C has a distorted boat conformation and the C - O - O - C torsion angle is 47.8(2)°. Rings A and D have symmetrical chair and distorted chair conformations, repectively. Ring junctions A/B, A/D, and C/D are cis, junction B/D is trans. All inter-molecular contacts are van der Waals. The absolute configuration of Artemisinin was determined from the refined value of the Flack x parameter. [The atomic coordinates given in a previous structure analysis, “Crystal Structure and Absolute Configuration of Qinghaosu,” Qinghaosu Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Academica Sinica, Scientia Sinica, Vol. XXIII No. 3, 380 (1980), do not display the molecule in its absolute configuration.]
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1023244122450
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cluster Complexes of Polythioether Macrocycles: The Synthesis and Molecular Structures of Ru6(CO)13(cis-SCH2 CHMe(CH2SCH2CHMe)2CH2)(μ6-C) and Ru6(CO)13(trans-SCH2 CHMe(CH2SCH2CHMe)2CH2)(μ6-C) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of cluster science 9 (1998), S. 93-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Schlagwort(e): Ruthenium ; thioether macrocycle ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The reaction of a mixture of cis-3,7,11-trimethyl-1,5,9-trithiacyclododecane, cis-Me312S3, 1 and trans-3,7,11-trimethyl-l,5,9-trithiacyclododecane, trans-Me312S3, 2, with Ru6(CO)17(μ 6-C), 3, yielded three new cluster compounds Ru6(CO)13(μ-η3-cis-SCH2CHMe(CH2SCH2CHMe)2CH2)(μ 6-C) 4, and two isomers of Ru6(CO)13(μ-η3-cis-SCH2CHMe(CH2SCH2CHMe)2CH2)(μ 6-C) 5a and 5b. The molecular structures of 4 and 5b were established by single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. In both complexes, the macrocycles have adopted tridentate coordination with one of the sulfur atoms in a bridging position. Two carbonyl ligands occupy bridging positions in each compound. Crystal Data for 4·Me2CO: space group=P21/n, a=11.295(1) Å, b=17.547(3) Å, c=20.318(3) Å, β=93.71(1)°, Z=4, 2900 reflections, R=0.025. Crystal Data for 5b·1.5 C6H6: space group=Pbca, a=31.8900(8) Å, b=23.4330(6) Å, c=21.6240(4) Å, Z=16, 12163 reflections, R=0.040.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022681523508
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The First New Hydrogen-Bonded Heterohexanuclear Complex [(salen)Cu]4[(salen)Fe(H2O)2]2(ClO4)2: Molecular and Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of cluster science 9 (1998), S. 465-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Schlagwort(e): Mixed-metal cluster ; crystal structure ; magnetic properties
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The preparation, magnetic properties, and crystal structure of [(salen)Cu]4[(salen)Fe(H2O)2]2(ClO4)2 via hydrogen bonding are described [salen=N,N′-ethylenebis (salicylideneiminate)]. Crystals are triclinic, of space group $$\rm P\bar 1$$ , with cell constants a=12.853(3), b=13.921(3), c=14.251(3) Å, α=68.68(3)°, β=87.86(3)°, γ=86.82(3)°, and Z=1. The structure was solved and refined to R=0.064 and R′=0.068. The structure comprises the hexanuclear units which result from the linking of four mononuclear fragments [(salen)Cu] and two mononuclear fragment [(salen)Fe(H2O)]+, through Cu -O ⋯ H -O -Fe -O -H ⋯ O -Cu hydrogen bonds of coordinating H2O. In this complex, FeIII ions are in almost square-planar surroundings. The temperature dependences of the magnetic susceptibilities of the complex have been studied in the 4.2–300 K range, indicating the presence of an antiferromagnetic interactions between metal ions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021990516837
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Direct Evidence for Metal Triangle Mobility within a Relatively Rigid Ligand Polytope: Dynamic Disorder in the X-Ray Crystal Structures of Ru3(CO)11(L), L=CN t Bu, PMe3, and Ru3(CO)9{P(OMe)3}3 (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of cluster science 9 (1998), S. 505-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Schlagwort(e): Dynamic disorder ; crystal structure ; ruthenium cluster
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The disorder in the X-ray crystal structures of Ru3(CO)11(L), L=CN t Bu 1 and PMe3 3 has been re-examined. Crystallographic data for 1 at 100 K: C16H9NO11Ru3, space group P21/n, a=11.796(5), b=11.748(2), c=16.040(7) Å, β=109.81(3)°, Z=4, 6077 reflections, R=0.028. For 3 at 223 K: C14H9O11PRu3, space group P21/n, a=8.5971(15), b=12.391(7), c=40.345(8) Å, β=94.43(2)°, Z=8, 7966 reflections, R=0.031. The disorder present in 1 and 3 at room temperature disappears reversibly on cooling, showing that it is dynamic in origin. The ligator atoms of the isonitrile and phosphine ligands move by a maximum of ∼0.8 Å, indicating that the whole cluster does not rotate intact within the crystal lattice, but rather that the Ru3 triangle effectively oscillates within a relatively rigid ligand polyhedron. The crystal structure of Ru3(CO)9{P(OMe)3 3} 7, which crystallizes in triclinic (7-t) and monoclinic (7-m) modifications is also reported. Both modifications have two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit, and both modifications display dynamic disorder in the metal framework. Crystalllographic data for 7-t at 173 K: C18H27O18P3Ru3, space group P-1, a=11.8085(18), b=15.915(2), c=17.350(3) Å, α=99.929(14), β=101.811(14), γ=90.630(12)°, Z=4, 11242 reflections, R=0.048. For 7-m at 120 K: C18H27O18P3Ru3, space group P21/c, a=11.708(8), b=15.922(5), c=33.950(10) Å, β=99.29(4), Z=8, 10191 reflections, R=0.027.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021946701816
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Electroless deposition of Ni–B, Co–B and Ni–Co–B alloys using dimethylamineborane as a reducing agent (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 28 (1998), S. 559-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Schlagwort(e): electroless Ni–Co–B alloy ; dimethylamineborane ; complexing agent ; deposition rate ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Fundamental aspects of electroless Ni–B, Co–B and Ni–Co–B alloys have been systematically examined. The composition, crystal structure and deposition rate of the alloys were determined as a function of the concentration of reducing agent (dimethylamineborane) and complexing agents (tartrate, citrate, malonate and succinic acid), bath pH and Ni2+/Co2+ ratio. Changes in the deposition rate and metallurgical features of the alloys induced by the change in plating parameters are discussed, based on electrochemical polarization data and the formation enthalpy of the nickel and cobalt borides.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003233715362
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structural and magnetic properties of a syn-anti carboxylate bridged one-dimensional copper(II) complex with ferromagnetic exchange interaction (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 771-777 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Copper ; 1,10-phenanthroline ; trifluoroacetate ; crystal structure ; magnetic exchange
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The compound [Cu(phen)(O2CCF3)2]n (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) has been synthesized and its crystal structure determined. It crystallizes in monoclinic space group C2/c, with a = 19.229(7), b = 11.281(5), c = 7.621(2) Å, β = 104.305(12)°, and Z = 4. The crystal structure is polymeric, being built from infinite zigzag chains of trifluoroacetate bridged copper(II), with the phenanthroline ligands being stacked between the chains. The variable-temperature (13–300 K) magnetic susceptibility and ESR data are reported and a weak ferromagnetic exchange interaction is observed with the exchange parameter estimated as J = 2.9 cm−1.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021820729518
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal structure of chloro(dicarbonyl) bis(acetonitrile) (π-2-methallyl) molybdenum(II) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 839-841 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): π-allyl ; carbonyl ; nitrile ; chloro ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic spacegroup P21/m with a = 6.796(9), b = 12.145(14), c = 7.749(8)Å, β = 101.86(1)°, and Z = 2. The crystal structure consists of molecules of [MoCl(CO)2(NCMe)2(η3-C3H4Me-2)] with crystallographically imposed Cs symmetry and has a pseudo-octahedral geometry, with the π-allyl group trans- to the chloro group and the two cis-carbonyl and acetonitrile groups occupying the equatorial plane.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021836022191
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The true nature of a complex of 1,10-phenanthroline with the ammonium ion; crystal structure of bis-phenanthrolineprotium perchlorate (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 611-619 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): 1,10-Phenanthroline ; bis-phenanthrolineprotium ; adduct ; crystal structure ; hydrogen bonding
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Herzog's reported bis-1,10-phenanthrolineammonium perchlorate, [(phen)2(NH4)](ClO4) is in fact the known 2:1 adduct of l,10-phenanthroline (phen) with perchloric acid, [(phen)2H](CIO4). Its crystal structure, mode of formation, and properties are described. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group with $$P\bar 1$$ , a = 7.2510(8), b = 13.120(2), c = 22.083(12) Å, α = 77.4550(12), β = 84.45(2), γ = 82.204(14)°, V = 2026.7(6) Å3, Z = 4, and D c = 1.510 g cm−3. It contains cationic columns of alternating 1,10-phenanthroline and its conjugate acid.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022460909589
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal structure of the cytotoxic marine alkaloid 2-bromoleptoclinidinone (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 645-648 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): 2-Bromoleptoclinidinone ; marine alkaloid ; cytotoxic ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract 2-Bromoleptoclinidinone methanol solvate, C18H8BrN3O·CH4O, crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca with a = 15.7013(2), b = 7.3308(1), and c = 26.9326(1) Å. The molecule is essentially planar, with the largest deviations occurring at bromine (−0.21 Å), carbonyl oxygen O(l) (+0.19 Å) and in ring-A (C(9) −0.15 Å, C(10) −0.15 Å). Methanol occupies the 1,10-phenanthroline-like metal binding site of the title compound.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022421328245
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis and crystal structure of N 12-(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)-N 1,N 1-diethy1-1,12-diaminododecane (AQ-40) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 925-929 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Quinoline ; chloroquine ; antimalarial ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The preparation of N12-(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)-N 1,N 1-diethyl-1,12-diaminododecane, AQ-40, was accomplished by a five-step process in 80% overall yield from 12-aminododecanoic acid and 4,7-dichloroquinoline. AQ-40 crystallizes as a monohydrate from reagent grade chloroform/ diethyl ether mixtures in the triclinc space group P-1 with a = 8.667(2), b = 8.9425(10), c = 17.217(3) Å, α = 99.34(1), β = 99.89(2), γ = 91.56(1)°, V = 1295.0 Å3 and Z = 2. The l2-(N 1,N 1-diethylamino)dodecyl side chain is in the fully extended conformation and the water molecule forms hydrogen bonds to the two tertiary nitrogen atoms as well as with the secondary amino group. The nitrogen of the secondary amino group bound to the four-position of the quinoline moiety is virtually planar. This together with the rather short C–N distance of 1.347(3) Å to the quinoline moiety suggests involvement of the lone pair on this nitrogen with the π system of the ring.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022810821793
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular structure of trans-[Co(NH3)4(NH2CH3)Cl](ClO4)2 (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 69-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Co(III) complex ; crystal structure ; kinetics ; steric effects
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The title compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma, with a = 7.9209(5), b = 9.818(1), c = 16.867(2) Å, and Z = 4. The structure was solved employing 1864 independent x-ray reflections with I〉2σ(I) by Patterson and difference Fourier techniques and refined by full-matrix least-squares to R = 0.036. The trans-[CO(NH3)4(NH2CH3)Cl](ClO4)2 molecule is on a crystallographic mirror plane. The cobalt ion is in an elongated octahedral coordination with four equatorial ammonia ligands [average Co–N distance equal to 1.966(2) Å], an axial methylamine [Co–N=1.965(3)Å], and an axial chlorine ion [Co–Cl=2.2771(9)Å]. Kinetic steric effects of the complex are interpreted in terms of structural results.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021786804676
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal structure of NH3(CH2)2NH3BiCl5·2H2O (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 209-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Bismuth ; crystal structure ; inorganic polymer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The ethylenediammonium pentachlorobismuthate(III) dihydrate salt is monoclinic with the following unit cell dimensions: a = 10.902(8)Å, b = 7.926(6)Å, c = 15.199(6)Å, β = 96.40(1)°, space group P21/n with Z = 4. The structure shows a layer arrangement parallel to the $$\vec a$$ axis: planes of the [Bi2Cl10]4− bioctahedra alternate with planes of [NH3(CH2)2NH3]2+ dications. The [Bi2Cl10]4− bioctahedra are connected through O(W)–H··· Cl hydrogen bonds, so that infinite unidimensional chains of composition [Bi2Cl10(H2O)2] n 4n− are formed in the structure parallel to the $$\vec a$$ axis. These chains are themselves interconnected by means of the N–H···Cl bonds originating from the [NH3(CH2)2NH3]2+ entities, forming a three-dimensional network.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022474327917
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The synthesis and X-ray structure of [Sr2(OSiPh3)4(NH3)5]·0.5C7H8 (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 221-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Strontium ; triphenylsiloxy ; crystal structure ; ammonia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The title complex [Sr2(OSiPh3)4(NH3)5]·0.5C7H8 was prepared by the reaction of strontium metal granules with triphenylsilanol in an ammoniacal-toluene solution at −40°C. It crystallizes in monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 14.465(3), b = 20.715 (6), c = 25.199(6) Å, β = 95.98(2)°, and Z = 4. The complex has a dimeric structure with one terminal and three bridging triphenylsiloxy ligands, the remaining coordination sites being occupied by five ammonia molecules. The central Sr2O4N5 moiety adopts a distorted M2X9 face-sharing bioctahedral arrangement.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022430612896
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal structure of mixed rubidium–ammonium hydrogen sulfate Rb0.7(NH4)0.3HSO4 at room temperature (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 335-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Mixed rubidium–ammonium acid sulfate ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The structure of Rb0.7(NH4)0.3HSO4 has been determined by X-ray analysis. The mixed compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with unit cell parameters a = 14.374(6) Å, b = 4.618(6) Å, c = 14.412(2) Å, β = 118.03(2)°, V = 844.4(4) Å3, and D cal = 1.536 g cm−3 for Z = 8. The mixed compound Rb0.7(NH4)0.3HSO4 is a chain-based structure. The Rb+ and NH4 + cations are intercalated between chains, formed of HSO4 - groups linked with OH⋯O hydrogen-bonding. Rb0.7(NH4)0.3HSO4 presents a new type of structural arrangement different from those of pure RbHSO4 and NH4HSO4.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022451822967
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The crystal and molecular structures of isoperezone, aminoperezone, and isoaminoperezone: a comparative study of their crystal packing (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 529-537 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): 2-[1,5-Dimethyl-4-hexenyl]-6-hydroxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone ; 2-[1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl]-6-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone ; 2-[1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl]-3-amino-6-hydroxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The crystal structures of isoperezone (1), aminoperezone (2), and isoaminoperezone (3) have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound (1) yields orange crystals, orthorhombic space group P212121 with unit cell dimensions a = 6.271(6), b = 30.373(7), c = 7.257(1) Å, and Z = 4; compound (2) yields purple crystals, orthorhombic space group P212121 with unit cell dimensions a = 6.498(3), b = 7.500(1) c = 29.200(6) Å, and Z = 4; compound (3) yields purple crystals, monoclinic space group P21 with unit cell dimensions a = 7.354(1), b = 7.511(1), c = 13.283(1) Å, β = 102,07(1)°, and Z = 2. The side chains in (1)–(3) are oriented out of the plane of the quinone ring at an angle of 124, 144, and 97°, respectively. The molecules in the crystal are held together by hydrogen-bonding networks and van der Waals interactions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1023292005612
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal structure of [WI2(CO)3{P(OMe)3}2] (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 639-643 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Tungsten(II) ; diiodo ; carbonyl ; trimethylphosphite ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract [WI2(CO)3{P(OMe)3}2]crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pca21, with a = 26.924(5), b = 10.726(2), c = 14.136(3) Å, and Z = 8. There are two molecules in the asymmetric unit, the metal atoms in each case being seven-coordinate with a capped fac-(CO)3 octahedral geometry. The molecular dimensions in the two molecules are nearly identical. The W–P distance to the capping atom 2.397 Å (average) is significantly shorter than the other W–P distance, 2.525 Å (average).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022469211406
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Asymmetric hetero-Diels-Alder reactions: X-ray structures of three novel chiral dihydropyrimidines (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 663-671 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Pyrimidine ; carboxamide ; sulfonyl ; chiral ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Three novel dihydropyrimidine compounds N8,6-di(4-nitrophenyl)-(3R)-ethyl-(7R)-methyl-5-oxo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydrooxazolo[3,2,c] pyrimidine-8-carboxamide (2), N8,6-di((4-methylphenyl)-sulfonyl)-(3R)-ethyl-5-oxo-(7R)-phenyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydrooxazolo [3,2,c]pyrimidine-8-carboxamide (3) and N8,6-di ((4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl)-(3R)-ethyl-(7R)-methyl-5-oxo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydrooxazolo[3,2,c] pyrimidine-8-carboxamide (4) have been prepared (from 2-amino-1-butanol of 64.4% e.e.) and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. All three compounds contain stereogenic centers, but the crystal of (2) chosen was found to be racemic whilst those of (3) and (4) were found to be homochiral. Compound (2) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c, with a = 17.958(4), b = 12.431(2), c = 9.653(2) Å, β = 96.20(3)°, U = 2142.3(7) Å3, Z = 4, and D c = 1.449 g cm−3. Compounds (3) and (4) both crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21, with a = 9.349(2), b = 5.824(5), c = 26.513(8) Å, β = 99.43(2)°, U = 1424.1(13) Å3, Z = 2 and D c = 1.389 g cm−3 for (3), and a = 5.9526(9), b = 16.3521(10), c = 13.2263(11) Å, β = 92.81(12)°, U = 1285.9(2) Å3, Z = 2 and D c = 1.378 g cm−3 for (4).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021791832534
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The synthesis and crystallographic characterization of the heterotrimetallic linear complex [Et4N][(Ph3P)2{CuS2MoS2Fe}Br2] (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 713-716 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Heterotrimetallic sulfido cluster ; linear ; synthesis ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The complex Cu(PPh3)3I reacts with [Et4N]2MoS4 and FeBr2 to give the heterotrimetallic complexes [Et4N][(Ph3P)2{CuS2MoS2Fe}Br2] (1). [Et4N][(Ph3P)2{CuS2MoS2Fe}Br2] (1) crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1, a = 13.537(4), b = 15.316(4), c = 12.381(4) Å, α = 105.16(2), β = 93.27(3), γ = 101.18(2)°, and V = 2415.0(12) Å3 for Z = 2. The three metal atoms of the structure [Et4N][(Ph3P)2{CuS2MoS2Fe}Br2] (1) are nearly distributed along a line, where three metal atoms (Mo, Cu, Fe) are each in an approximate tetrahedral coordination, the lengths Mo-Fe and Mo-Cu distances are 2.772(2) and 2.798(2) Å, respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021756319330
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [CaSb2(EDTA)2(H2O)8]n: synthesis, crystal structure, and thermal behavior (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 447-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Bimetallic EDTA complex ; crystal structure ; antimony
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The synthesis and crystal structure of a new EDTA complex, [CaSb2(EDTA)2(H2O)8]n, are reported. This compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n, with a = 7.132(1) Å, b = 21.893(3) Å, c = 10.891(2) Å, β = 91.15(2)°. Sb(EDTA) entities are connected through carboxylate bridges to the calcium atoms resulting in layers parallel to the (101) plane. These layers are linked through a weak Sb···O bond (3.171 Å). Pyrolysis of this complex under sulfur vapor, between 400 and 800°C, leads to a mixture of the monometallic sulfides. Pyrolysis in air above 700°C allows the easy preparation of the mixed oxide CaSb2O6.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021716605217
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal structure of (3,3′,4,4′-tetramethyl-1,1′-diphosphaferrocen-2-yl) carboxylic acid and its bis-[W(CO)5] complex·0.5C5H12: Conformation of 1,1′-diphosphaferrocenes (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 621-628 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): 1-1′-Diphosphaferrocene conformation ; P···P secondary bonding ; bis-[W(CO)5](l,l′-diphosphaferrocene system) ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The structures of (3,3′,4,4′-tetramethyl-1,1′-diphosphaferrocen-2-yl)carboxylic acid (1) and its bis-[W(CO)5] pentane solvate complex (2) have been determined by X-ray analysis. The compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic P21 /n space group with Z = 4; a = 7.8404(9), b = 14.9441(16), c = 11.7730(14) Å, β = 92.773(10)°, V = 1377.8(3) Å3, and Dcalc = 1.553 g cm−3. The compound 2 crystallizes in the triclinic $$P\bar 1$$ space group with two complex molecules and one pentane molecule in the unit cell. Cell parameters: a = 10.7070(2), b = 12.577(2), c = 13.239(3) Å, α = 84.00(2), β = 77.58(1), γ = 66.06(1)°, V = 1591.0(5) Å3, and Dcalc = 2.100 g cm−3 .The fully eclipsed conformation of the phospholyl rings with P···P secondary bonding of 3.353(1) Å is observed in 1 and a partially eclipsed conformation is found in 2. The 10 possible conformations of 1,1′-diphosphaferrocenes were described as the function of conformational parameter θ and observed geometry of the phospholyl rings.7 We suppose that the earlier conclusions concerning the destabilizing nature of 1,1′-diphosphaferrocene conformations with θ 〈 100° cannot be considered as general. The mode of W – P coordination, the structural changes of 1 by W(CO)5 coordination, the structural effect of phospholyl rings substitution by the –COOH group, and hydrogen bonds are analyzed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022413026427
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal structure of [Co(o-SC6H4NH2){P(OMe)3}3]PF6 (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 635-638 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Schlagwort(e): Cobalt(II) ; 2-aminobenzenethiol ; trimethylphosphite ; crystal structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A cobalt-thiolato-phosphite complex [Co(o-SC6H4NH2){P(OMe)3}3]PF6 has been prepared and characterized by X-ray crystallography. The complex crystallizes in the triclinic space group $$P\bar 1$$ with a = 10.590(4), b = 11.122(3), c = 13.577(5) Å, α = 101.85(1), β = 108.50(1), γ = 101.75(1)°, V = 1420.6(8) Å3, and Z = 2. The structure comprises discrete [Co(o-SC6H4NH2){P(OMe)3}3]+ cations and PF 6 − anions where the metal atom is coordinated in a highly distorted square-pyramidal environment by one chelate o-SC6H4NH 2 − (abt) and two P(OMe)3 ligands in the basal positions, and a third P(OMe)3 in the axial site with Co–N,, 1.847(5), Co–S, 2.166(2), Co–P, 2.157(2), 2.147(2), and 2.125(2) Å.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022417127336
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal Structure of the Sought-After Tetrameric [(PDBP)AgCl]4 Cluster (PDBP=5-Phenyldibenzophosphole) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of cluster science 9 (1998), S. 547-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Schlagwort(e): Silver cluster ; crystal structure ; tetrameric cluster
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The sought-after member of the [(PDBP) n AgX] m (n, m=1,4; 2,2; 3,1; PDBP=5-Phenyldibenzophosphole, X=halides) series, the tetrameric [(PDBP)AgCl]4 cluster has been prepared and structurally characterized. The [P4Ag4Cl4] cluster core of [(PDBP)AgCl]4 bears striking similarity to that of [(Ph3P)AgCl]4.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021950902725
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Prospektive Studie zur Pathologie der strahleninduzierten Mukositis (1998)
    Springer
    Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie 2 (1998), S. 131-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3940
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Mukositis ; Strahlentherapie ; Immunohistochemische Veränderungen ; Adhäsionsmoleküle ; Makrophagenmarker ; Key words Mucositis ; Radiotherapy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Adhesion molecules ; Macrophages
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: One of the most severe early side effects of radiation in head and neck cancer patients is mucositis. Inflammation of the oral mucose may lead to an extreme subjective burden, restricting the patients’ well-being and even leading to an interruption of radiotherapy. The aim of our prospective study was to investigate the pathological alterations of the oral mucosa during irradiation. Therefore, samples from head and neck cancer patients were taken before radiation and a 30-G and a 60-G radiation dose. Pathogenetic alterations were determined by immunohistochemical staining of various cell surface molecules known to be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammation. Staining was performed with antibodies against ICAM 1, VCAM 1, ELAM, 25F9, 27E10, and RM3-1. Our study demonstrates the expression rates of the various surface molecules during inflammation. Expression of RM3-1 and ICAM 1 showed a steep increase during the time of radiation, whereas expression of ELAM reached a low constant value. Therefore, we conclude that distinct cell surface molecules demonstrate a characteristic time-dependent expression during radiation. Better insight into the pathogenesis of radiation-induced mucositis may help to develop a pathological classification of mucositis and to improve therapeutic strategies.
    Notizen: Die strahleninduzierte orale Mukositis nimmt als die bedeutendste Frühreaktion der Radiatio einen of subjektiv stark belastenden Verlauf, der nicht selten zu einer äußerst unerwünschten Therapieunterbrechung oder sogar einem -abbruch führt. Leider liegen bisher keine longitudinalen Studien über differenziertere, quantifizierbare pathohistologische Veränderungen vor. Ziel dieser prospektiven Pilotstudie ist es, ein Verfahren zu etablieren, das es erlaubt, dem Verlauf der oralen Strahlenmukositis eine Zeitkinetik verschiedener Makrophagensubpopulationen und ausgewählter Adhäsionsmoleküle zuzuordnen. Dazu dokumentierten wir die immunhistochemischen Veränderungen der oralen Mukosa prä radiationem, bei 30 G und bei 60 G Energiedosis. Neben monoklonalen Antikörpern gegen 3 funktionell verschiedene Makrophagensubpopulationen (27E10, 25F9, RM3/1) kamen auch Marker für verschiedene endotheliale Adhäsionsmoleküle (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, Elam) zur Anwendung. Die Evaluierung der immunohistochemischen Befunde deutet auf eine signifikante Zunahme des antiinflammatorischen Makrophagen RM3/1 im Bindegewebe im Verlauf der Bestrahlung hin, während die Anzahl der inflammatorischen und reifen Makrophagen zu sistieren scheint. Das endotheliale Expressionsmuster der 3 Adhäsionsmoleküle VCAM-1, ICAM-1 und Elam ist durch einen signifikanten Anstieg von ICAM-1 bei nahezu gleichbleibender niedriger Expression von VCAM-1 und Elam gekennzeichnet. Unsere ersten Ergebnisse der Expressions- und Verteilungsmuster stellen Vergleichswerte dar, anhand derer in weiteren Studien die Pathogenese der oralen Strahlenmukositis genauer untersucht werden kann.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100060050047
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kraniale und zervikale Chordome (1998)
    Springer
    Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie 2 (1998), S. 153-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3940
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Typisches Chordom ; Pathohistologie ; Immunhistochemie ; Differentialdiagnose ; Key words Typical chordoma ; Pathohistology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Differential diagnosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Cranial and cervical chordomas can spread by para- or retropharyngeal extension up to the region of the salivary glands or the jaw and may simulate a tumor of the salivary glands or jaw. In occasional cases, because the tumors often expand slowly, months or years may pass between the first clinical symptoms and diagnosis. Diagnostic problems exist in differentiating these chordomas from pleomorphic adenoma, mucinous carcinoma, or chondrosarcoma. Ten relevant observations of typical cranial and cervical chordomas (Salivary Gland Register Hamburg 1965–1996) were analyzed more closely by pathohistological and immunohistochemical means. The exact diagnosis is based upon the evidence of blown-up, bubble-like („physaliform“) cells which contain mucus drops in a vacuolized cytoplasm and are surrounded by extensive areas of mucoid mucus. The pattern of immunohistochemistry is characterized by the multifold expression of cytokeratin, vimentin, and EMA. The differential diagnosis is discussed with reference to further types of chordoma (chondroid chordoma, dedifferentiated chordoma with spindle cell sarcomatous transformation), chondrosarcoma, pleomorphic adenoma, and mucus-producing carcinoma.
    Notizen: Kraniale und zervikale Chordome können sich bei para- oder retropharyngealer Ausbreitung bis zur Speicheldrüsen- oder Kieferregion ausbreiten und einen Speicheldrüsen- oder Kiefertumor vortäuschen. Da die Tumoren oft langsam wachsen, vergehen vom Auftreten der ersten klinischen Symptome bis zur Diagnosestellung mitunter Monate oder Jahre. Differentialdiagnostische Probleme bestehen in der Abgrenzung zu pleomorphen Adenomen, schleimbildenden Karzinomen oder Chondrosarkomen. 10 einschlägige Beobachtungen von typischen kranialen und zervikalen Chordomen des Speicheldrüsenregisters Hamburg (1965–1996) werden pathohistologisch und immunhistochemisch näher analysiert. Die exakte Diagnose beruht auf dem Nachweis von aufgeblähten blasenförmigen („physaliformen“) Zellen, welche in einem vakuolisierten Zytoplasma Schleimtropfen enthalten und von ausgedehnten mukoiden Schleimseen umgeben sind. Das immunhistochemische Expressionsmuster ist durch die Mehrfachexpression von Zytokeratin, Vimentin und EMA gekennzeichnet. Die Differentialdiagnose zu weiteren Chordomtypen (chondroides Chordom, entdifferenziertes Chordom mit spindelzelliger sarkomatöser Transformation), zum Chondrosarkom, pleomorphen Adenom und schleimbildenden Karzinom wird erörtert.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100060050051
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Whole body autoradiographic study on the distribution of14C-d-serine administered intravenously to rats (1998)
    Springer
    Amino acids 15 (1998), S. 351-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Schlagwort(e): Amino acids ; 14C-l-Serine ; Rat ; Whole body autoradiography ; Accumulation ; Kidney
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The distribution of radioactivities in rats following intravenous administration of14C-d- or -l-serine was investigated by whole body autoradiography. The radioactivities were distributed throughout the whole body in both cases with the greatest amount being found in the pancreas. D- andl- Serine levels in the pancreas were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with a chiral column which revealed, for the first time, the existence ofd-serine in the rat pancreas (12.6 ± 7.90 nmol/g wet tissue) together with a much higher concentration (924 ± 116 nmol/g) ofl-serine. The results suggested that exogenous D-serine of dietary origin contributed at least in part to the D-serine levels found in mammalian tissues. The accumulation of radioactivity in the kidney, especially in the corticomedullary area, even at 24 hr after administration of14C-l-serine suggested a possible link between acute necrosis of the renal proximal tubules and the administration of a large dose of D-serine [Am J Pathol 77: 269–282 (1974)].
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01320899
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expression and localization of cysteine dioxygenase mRNA in the liver, lung, and kidney of the rat (1998)
    Springer
    Amino acids 15 (1998), S. 143-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Schlagwort(e): Amino acids ; In situ hybridization ; Cysteine dioxygenase ; Liver ; Lung ; Kidney ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The expressions of cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) gene in the liver, lung, skeletal muscle, and kidney were studied byin situ hybridization with a cDNA probe from rat liver CDO under normal conditions. Significant expression of the CDO gene was detected in the liver, lung, and kidney, but not skeletal muscle. In the liver, the signal was confined to the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes. Furthermore, the signal was stronger in the periportal than that in the perivenous areas. In the lung, an intensive signal was found in the bronchiolar epithelium. As to the kidney, an intensive signal was observed in the distal convoluted tubules, while no signal was found in the proximal convultions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01345287
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Renal excretory responses of taurine-depleted rats to hypotonic and hypertonic saline infusion (1998)
    Springer
    Amino acids 15 (1998), S. 109-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Schlagwort(e): Amino acids ; Taurine ; Rat ; Natriuresis ; Hypotonic saline ; Hypertonic saline
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Male Wistar-Kyoto rats were given either tap water (control) or 3%β-alanine (taurine-depleted) for three weeks. To prepare for the kidney function studies, the animals were then implanted with femoral vessels and bladder catheters. Two days after surgery, each rat was given an intravenous infusion of saline at the rate of 50μl/min and urine samples were collected at specific time intervals. An isotonic saline solution (0.9% NaCl) was infused for determination of baseline parameters and was followed by the infusion of a hypotonic saline solution (0.45% NaCl). Two days later, the infusion protocol was repeated in the same animals; however, a hypertonic saline solution (1.8% NaCl) was substituted for the hypotonic saline solution. Renal excretion of fluid and sodium increased in the control, but not taurine-depleted, rats during the hypotonic saline infusion. Interestingly, diuretic and natriuretic responses were similar between the groups during hypertonic saline infusion. The results suggest that taurine-depletion in rats affects renal excretory responses to a hypotonic, but not a hypertonic, saline solution.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01345284
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Spinal cord evoked potentials and edema in the pathophysiology of rat spinal cord injury (1998)
    Springer
    Amino acids 14 (1998), S. 131-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Schlagwort(e): Nitric oxide ; Spinal cord evoked potentials ; Edema ; Cell changes ; p-CPA ; Diazepam ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The possibility that nitric oxide is somehow involved in the early bioelectrical disturbances following spinal cord injury in relation to the later pathophysiology of the spinal cord was examined in a rat model of spinal cord trauma. A focal trauma to the rat spinal cord was produced by an incision of the right dorsal horn of the T 10–11 segments under urethane anaesthesia. The spinal cord evoked potentials (SCEP) were recorded using epidural electrodes placed over the T9 and T12 segments of the cord following supramaximal stimulation of the right tibial and sural nerves in the hind leg. Trauma to the spinal cord significantly attenuated the SCEP amplitude (about 60%) immediately after injury which persisted up to 1h. However, a significant increase in SCEP latency was seen at the end of 5h after trauma. These spinal cord segments exhibited profound upregulation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunoreactivity, and the development of edema and cell injury. Pretreatment with a serotonin synthesis inhibitor drug p-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA) or an anxiolytic drug diazepam significantly attenuated the decrease in SCEP amplitude, upregulation of NOS, edema and cell injury. On the other hand, no significant reduction in SCEP amplitude, NOS immunolabelling, edema or cell changes were seen after injury in rats pretreated with L-NAME. These observations suggest that nitric oxide is somehow involved in the early disturbances of SCEP and contribute to the later pathophysiology of spinal cord injury.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01345253
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Brain derived neurotrophic factor and insulin like growth factor-1 attenuate upregulation of nitric oxide synthase and cell injury following trauma to the spinal cord (1998)
    Springer
    Amino acids 14 (1998), S. 121-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Schlagwort(e): Brain derived neurotrophic factor ; Insulin like growth factor-1 ; Nitric oxide ; Spinal cord injury ; Edema ; Cell injury ; Blood-spinal cord barrier ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The possibility that brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF) induced neuroprotectivn is influenced by mechanisms involving nitric oxide was examined in a rat model of focal spinal cord injury. BDNF or IGF-I (0.1 μg/10 [1 in phosphate buffer saline) was applied topically 30 min before injury on the exposed spinal cord followed by repeated doses of growth factors immediately before and 30 min after injury. Thereafter application of BDNF or IGF was carried out at every 1 h interval until sacrifice. Five hours after injury, the tissue pieces from the T9 segment were processed for nNOS immunostaining, edema and cell injury. Untreated injured rats showed a profound upregulation of nNOS which was most pronounced in the nerve cells of the ipsilateral side. A marked increase in the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) permeability to125I-albumin, water content and cell injury in these perifocal segments was also found. Pretreatment with BDNF and IGF significantly reduced the upregulation of nNOS in the spinal cord. This effect of the growth factors was most pronounced in the contralateral side. Rats treated with these neurotrophic factors showed much less signs of BSCB damage, edema and cell injury. These results suggest that BDNF and IGF pretreatment is neuroprotective in spinal cord injury and that these neurotrophic factors have the capacity to down regulate nNOS expression following trauma to the spinal cord. Our data provide new experimental evidences which suggest that BDNF and IGF may exert their potential neuroprotective effects probably via regulation of NOS activity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01345252
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Locally infused taurine, GABA and homotaurine alter differently the striatal extracellular concentrations of dopamine and its metabolites in rats (1998)
    Springer
    Amino acids 15 (1998), S. 117-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Schlagwort(e): Amino acids ; Striatal dopamine release ; Intrastriatal taurine ; GABA ; Homotaurine ; Microdialysis ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We studiedin vivo the effects of locally infused taurine (50, 150, and 450 mM) on the striatal dopamine and its metabolites in comparison with those of GABA and homotaurine, a GABAA receptor agonist, in freely moving rats. The extracellular dopamine concentration was elevated maximally 2.5-, 2- and 4-fold by taurine, GABA and homotaurine, respectively. At 150 mM concentration, at which the maximum effects occurred, homotaurine increased the extracellular dopamine more than taurine or GABA. When taurine and GABA were infused simultaneously with tetrodotoxin the output of dopamine did not differ from that in the presence of tetrodotoxin alone. In comparison, tetrodotoxin did not inhibit the increase in extracellular dopamine caused by homotaurine. Furthermore, omission of calcium from the perfusion fluid inhibited the increase of extracellular dopamine caused by GABA. However, it did not block the increase of dopamine caused by taurine or homotaurine. The present study suggests that the effects of intrastriatal taurine, GABA and homotaurine on the striatal extracellular dopamine differ. Thus, these amino acids seem to affect the striatal dopaminergic neurons via more than one mechanism.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01345285
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Enhanced expression of selectins in human skin wounds (1998)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 112 (1998), S. 39-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Selectins ; Wound age ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Rechtswissenschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The aim of the study was to characterize the vitality and age of skin wounds by the detection of selectins. A prospective study was conducted for this purpose in which 197 vital human skin wounds (time since injury ranging from 3 min to 790 days) were investigated immunohistologically. Of the samples tested, 97 were taken from autopsy material and 100 from patient material from the department of surgery at the university hospital. The selectins were detected in paraffin sections after autoclaving and using the ABC technique. The intensity was rated by a semi-quantitative evaluation using a four-stage ordinal scale. Strong positive immunohistochemical reactions were observed for the P-selectin 3 min at the earliest and 7 h at the latest after the time of injury. For the E-selectin a positive staining was evident 1 h at the earliest and 17 days at the latest from the time the skin was injured. The staining intensity decreased significantly after an interval of 12 h from the time of injury (P 〈 0.05). The L-selectin was regularly detected on leukocytes in thesamples of injured skin. The immunohistochemical results for the P- and E-selectins were significantly different between injured and uninjured skin (P 〈 0.01). The expression of the selectins is indicative of the vitality of the wound. P-selectin was detected in a few cases (n = 4) at low intensity while E-selectin could not be found in the control samples (n = 31) of postmortem skin wounds. The use of P- and E-selectins for forensic purposes can help to achieve better estimates of the age of wounds with short survival times.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004140050196
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphologic and functional consequences of intimal hyperplasia in the rat carotid artery (1998)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 357 (1998), S. 133-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Intimal hyperplasia ; Potassium chloride ; α1-Adrenoceptor ; Methacholine ; Sodium nitroprusside ; Rat ; Carotid artery
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The influence of neointima formation on functional characteristics was investigated in rat carotid artery preparations. The process of intimal hyperplasia development in the injured carotid arteries was followed in time both morphologically and morphometrically. Simultaneously with the loss of endothelial cells due to the balloon injury procedure, the vasodilator responses to methacholine were abolished. The sensitivity for the α1-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine appeared to be increased only immediately after injury. The balloon injury method led to significant neointima formation in the rat left common carotid artery 14 days after the intervention. Eight weeks after balloon injury, the neointimal mass reached its maximum. Parallel to the development of intimal hyperplasia, the α1-mediated vasoconstrictor responses to phenylephrine were significantly impaired. After 12 weeks of observation, reoccurrence of mature endothelial cells on the luminal surface of the neointima could be observed. Simultaneously, the vascular responses to phenylephrine and methacholine recovered. The vasoconstrictor responses to high potassium concentrations (100 mM) as well as the vasodilator effects of sodium nitroprusside appeared to be uninfluenced by balloon injury throughout the period of observation. From this study we conclude that both the receptor-mediated contractile responses to α1-adrenoceptor stimulation and the endothelium-dependent vasodilator responses to methacholine become severely impaired as a consequence of balloon catheter injury followed by intimal hyperplasia. However, these pharmacological responses may fully recover upon a prolonged period of endothelial regeneration.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005147
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Metabolism of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in isolated rat lung and liver (1998)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 357 (1998), S. 336-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): Key words NNK ; Elimination kinetics ; Metabolism ; Perfusion ; Lung ; Liver ; Rat ; N-oxide
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The tobacco specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a strong lung carcinogen in all species tested. To elicit its tumorigenic effects NNK requires metabolic activation which is supposed to take place via α-hydroxylation, whereas N-oxidation is suggested to be a detoxification pathway. The differences in the organ specific metabolism of NNK may be crucial for the organotropy in NNK-induced carcinogenesis. Therefore, metabolism of NNK was investigated in the target organ lung and in liver of Fischer 344 (F344) rats using the model of isolated perfused organs. High activity to metabolize 35 nM [5-3H]NNK was observed in both perfused organs. NNK was eliminated by liver substantially faster (clearance 6.9 ± 1.6 ml/min, half-life 14.6 ± 1.2 min) than by lung (clearance 2.1 ± 0.5 ml/min, half-life 47.9 ± 7.4 min). When the clearance is calculated for a gram of organ or for metabolically active cell forms, the risk with respect to carcinogenic mechanisms was higher in lung than in liver. The metabolism of NNK in liver yielded the two products of NNK α-hydroxylation, the 4-oxo-4-(3-pyridyl)-butyric acid (keto acid) and 4-hydroxy-4-(3-pyridyl)-butyric acid (hydroxy acid). In lung, the major metabolite of NNK was 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl-N-oxide)-1-butanone (NNK-N-oxide). Substantial amounts of metabolites formed from methyl hydroxylation of NNK, which is one of the two possible pathways of α-hydroxylation, were detected in lung but not in liver perfusion. Formation of these metabolites (4-oxo-4-(3-pyridyl)-butanol (keto alcohol), and 4-hydroxy-4-(3-pyridyl)-butanol (diol) can give rise to pyridyloxobutylating of DNA. When isolated rat livers were perfused with 150 μM NNK, equal to a dosage which is sufficient to induce liver tumors in rat, glucuronidation of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) was increased when compared to the concentration of 35 nM NNK. Nevertheless, the main part of NNK was also transformed via α-hydroxylation for this high concentration of NNK.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005176
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stimulation of forward locomotion by SCH-23390 and raclopride in d-amphetamine-treated rats (1998)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 357 (1998), S. 593-599 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): Key words d-amphetamine ; Dopamine receptors ; Locomotor activity ; Raclopride ; SCH-23390 ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In d-amphetamine-treated (4.0 mg kg–1 s.c.) rats the selective dopamine D1 and D2/3 receptor antagonists SCH-23390 (2.5–20.0 µg kg–1 s.c.) and raclopride (12.5–100.0 µg kg–1 s.c.), respectively, produced a biphasic pattern of effects on forward locomotion, as observed in an open-field arena (≈0.5 m2). Thus, at the low doses of SCH-23390 (2.5–10.0 µg kg–1) or raclopride (12.5–50.0 µg kg–1), there was a statistically significant increase in forward locomotion, followed by suppression of the behavior at the higher doses. The SCH-23390-induced (5.0 µg kg–1) stimulation of forward locomotion was partially antagonized by concomitant raclopride treatment (12.5–25.0 µg kg–1) and the corresponding raclopride-induced (12.5 µg kg–1) stimulation was fully antagonized by treatment with SCH-23390 (2.5–5.0 µg kg–1). Furthermore, the SCH-23390- or raclopride-induced stimulation of forward locomotion was also antagonized by treatment with the α1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin (1.0 mg kg–1 s.c.). These observations suggest that under conditions of an increased general tone at brain dopamine receptors, there is a mutual inhibitory synergy between dopamine D1 and D2/3 receptors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005213
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Investigation of the influence of pregnancy on the role of nitric oxide in gastric emptying and non-adrenergic non-cholinergic relaxation in the rat (1998)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 357 (1998), S. 671-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Gastric emptying ; Nitric oxide ; Pregnancy ; Gastric fundus ; Pylorus ; Non-adrenergic non-cholinergic ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The influence of pregnancy on the role of nitric oxide (NO) in gastric emptying and in non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) relaxation was studied in rats. The gastric emptying of a non-nutrient liquid solution and of polysterene beads was studied in non-pregnant (NP), 6 to 7 days pregnant (P7) and 18 to 20 days pregnant (P20) rats. Longitudinal muscle strips of the gastric fundus and circular muscle strips of the pylorus were isolated from NP and P20 rats and NANC relaxations were induced by electrical field stimulation. The gastric emptying of the liquid meal was significantly increased in P20 rats as compared to NP and P7 rats. In NP rats, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) dose-dependently (50–150 mg/kg ip) reduced the gastric liquid emptying; the inhibitory effect of 100 mg/kg L-NAME ip was prevented by 400 mg/kg ip L-arginine and was mimicked by 100 mg/kg NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA). The percentage inhibition of the liquid emptying by L-NAME did not differ between the 3 groups, except for the dose of 150 mg/kg ip where it was significantly lower in P20 rats. The gastric emptying of beads was 54% in NP, 36% in P7 and 69% in P20 rats but these values were not significantly different illustrating the great variability. The inhibitory effect of L-NAME (25 and 100 mg/kg ip) on the emptying of beads did not differ between the 3 groups. As evaluated in NP rats, the inhibitory effect of L-NAME on the gastric emptying of the beads was not prevented by L-arginine nor mimicked by L–NMMA. Electrical field stimulation in NANC conditions induced frequency-dependent relaxations in the fundus strips and relaxations followed by rebound contractions in the pyloric strips. These electrically induced NANC relaxations and their reduction by 3×10–4 M L-NAME were not different between NP and P20 rats. It can be concluded that no evidence for a regulatory role of NO in the gastric emptying of the beads was found, and that the nitrergic contribution to the gastric emptying of liquids and to the fundic and pyloric NANC relaxations was not influenced by pregnancy in rats.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005223
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxytocin increases the survival of musculocutaneous flaps (1998)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 357 (1998), S. 701-704 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Oxytocin ; Rat ; Musculocutaneous flap ; Wound healing ; Oxytocin antagonist ; Growth factors ; IGF-1
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of oxytocin on survival of musculocutaneous flaps in male Sprague-Dawley rats. For this purpose oxytocin (0.1 or 1.0 mg/kg), an oxytocin antagonist (1-deamino-2-D-Tyr-(OEt)-4-Thr-8-Orn-oxytocin) (1.0 mg/kg) alone or in combination with oxytocin (1.0 mg/kg) or saline was given subcutaneously (s.c.), 24 hours and 1 hour before and 24 hours after flap surgery. In addition, oxytocin (1 µg/kg) or saline was given intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) according to the same schedule. Six days after surgery the amount of viable tissue was measured. Oxytocin 1.0 (but not 0.1) mg/kg s.c. and 1.0 µg/kg i.c.v. increased survival of the flaps (s.c.: 13.8±14.6% versus 6.10±5.45%; p〈0.05 and i.c.v.: 25.5±14.0% versus 10.3±5.79%; p〈0.01). This effect was abolished by the oxytocin antagonist. Furthermore, the oxytocin-treated rats had significantly higher plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) (p〈0.05). These data indicate that oxytocin increases the survival of musculocutaneous flaps. The effect seems to be exerted within the central nervous system since a 1000 fold lower dose of oxytocin given i.c.v. increased flap survival to the same extent as the s.c. given dose. IGF-1 might be one of the mediators of this effect.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005227
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    U-83836E prevents kainic acid-induced neuronal damage (1998)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 357 (1998), S. 413-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): Key words PBR ; Kainate ; Reactive oxygen species ; Glutamate ; U-83836E ; Mitochondria ; Cerebellum ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of kainic acid (KA) on mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and reactive-oxygen species (ROS) production was studied in dissociated cerebellar granule cells from rat pups. KA induced a maximum increase of 361%±35% in ROS production. The lazaroid compound U-83836E (at concentrations ranging from 10–9 to 5×10–6M) completely inhibited this increase, with an IC50 value of 3.02±1.08×10–7M. KA also decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), with a maximum decrease of about 30%. Absence of Na+ in the incubation medium did not significantly alter the effect of KA on MMP. As expected, the AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist NBQX inhibited the effects of KA on MMP with an IC50 value of 1.1±0.8μM. However, the lazaroid U-83836E, indomethacin, nor-dihydroguaiaretic acid and L-nitroarginine all failed to inhibit the KA-induced decrease in the MMP. Finally, to assess the neuroprotective effect of U-83836E on KA-induced neurotoxicityin vivo, the increase in the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor density in rat hippocampus was measured. Treatment with KA increased the Bmax to 1341±192fmol mg–1. When U-83836E was coadministered with KA, the Bmax was reduced to 765±122fmol mg–1, which was not significantly different from the Bmax obtained from untreated rats (Bmax: 518±33fmol mg–1). We conclude that treatment with the lazaroid U-83836E might be a suitable therapeutic strategy in neurodegenerative disorders.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005187
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Do metallothioneins affect the response to treatment in testis cancers? (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 124 (1998), S. 31-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Metallothionein ; Immunohistochemistry ; Testicular germ cell tumors ; Response to treatment
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Purpose: Data on the involvement of elevated metallothionein (MT) expression in resistance to some of the commonly used anticancer treatments are scattered and conflicting. This encouraged us to examine further the contribution of metallothionein expression to the development of this resistance phenotype. Patients and methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks of primary untreated germ cell testicular tumor specimens, obtained from 77 patients following radical orchiectomy, were examined for their MT expression using monoclonal antibody and immunohistochemistry. Clinical staging, the chemotherapeutic schedule and evaluation of response to treatment (defining objective response) were performed according to UICC criteria. Results: All tumor types, including seminomas and nonseminomas, expressed MT, regardless of their histology and clinical stage. The immunoreactivity of MT showed a significant positive correlation with the clinical sensitivity of cancer to antitumor therapy (P = 0.0001). Conclusion: In patients with germ cell testicular tumors, high MT expression, as detected by immunohistochemistry, predicts a better response rate to chemotherapy whereas tumors lacking or demonstrating low MT expression show a worse prognosis. These data do not support the hypothesis that MT overexpression contributes to cisplatinum resistance, at least in this tumor type.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004320050130
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Assessment of the proliferation index in gastric carcinomas with the monoclonal antibody MIB 1 (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 124 (1998), S. 49-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Proliferation index ; Gastric carcinoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Monoclonal antibody MIB 1
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Our study aimed to reveal whether the proliferation index of tumor cells, calculated with the monoclonal antibody (mAb) MIB1, is of prognostic relevance in patients with a gastric carcinoma and shows any correlation to well-known clinicopathological factors (TNM categories, stage, grade, Laurén type). We examined formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of samples from 94 patients, who underwent surgery for an adenocarcinoma of the stomach between 1988 and 1991. Specimens were immunohistochemically stained using the mAb MIB1 in combination with the alkaline-phosphatase/anti-(alkaline phosphatase) technique. The proliferation index (PI) was estimated in various areas of interest (tumor center and periphery and in lymph node metastases of compartments I and II), by always counting 200 tumor cells in three different high-power fields per specimen, and calculated as the percentage of MIB1-positive tumor cell nuclei relative to all tumor cell nuclei in the area examined. The total PI in the primary tumor was 47.2% and slightly higher in the center (49.1%) compared to the periphery (44.7%). Surprisingly in lymph node metastases the PI was lower than in the primary tumor (compartment I: 39.5%, compartment II: 33.6%). Tumors with distant metastases revealed a higher proliferative activity (55.1%) than tumors without (44.3%). The PI increased significantly from well to poorly differentiated carcinomas (P 〈 0.01), whereas the intestinal Laurén type showed a lower PI than the diffuse type. No difference in survival was found between patients with a median PI or less and those with a PI above the median (47.2%). Our results show that the proliferation index in gastric carcinomas has no prognostic relevance and therefore is of low clinical value.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004320050133
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expression of membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-1 in human pancreatic adenocarcinomas (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 124 (1998), S. 65-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MT-MMP-1) ; Human pancreatic adenocarcinoma ; Desmoplasia ; Non-radioactive in situ hybridization ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The expression of a new type of matrix metalloproteinase, membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MT-MMP-1), was examined in 24 cases of primary pancreatic adenocarcinomas and 9 cases of secondary liver tumors derived from pancreatic adenocarcinomas, using a non-radioactive in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical methods. Out of 24 cases of primary pancreatic adenocarcinomas, 18 showed positive expression of MT-MMP-1 transcripts in cancer cells and 20 of 24 showed positive expression in the tumor stromal cells. The immunoreactivity of the gene products for MT-MMP-1 was demonstrated to be almost the same, as shown by in situ hybridization in these 24 cases. In particular, both the staining intensity for MT-MMP-1 transcripts and the immunoreactivity of the gene products in the tumor stromal cells of mucinous cystadenocarcinomas were significantly weaker than those of common-type ductal adenocarcinomas among the 24 cases. All of the 9 cases of secondary liver tumors derived from pancreatic adenocarcinomas showed positive expression for MT-MMP-1 transcripts but less immunoreactivity for the gene products. These results suggest that MT-MMP-1 is transcribed and translated in both cancer cells and the tumor stromal cells in human pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Furthermore, considering that common-type ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas usually shows a strong desmoplastic reaction, while mucinous cystadenocarcinoma typically does not, MT-MMP-1 expressed in the tumor stromal cells of common-type adenocarcinomas may be involved in processes leading to the desmoplastic reaction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004320050137
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The time-related expression of p53 protein in human skin wounds – a quantitative immunohistochemical analysis (1998)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 111 (1998), S. 169-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Protein p53 ; Wound age ; Immunohistochemistry ; Quantitative image analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Rechtswissenschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The time-dependent expression of p53 protein during wound healing has been investigated by immunochemistry in fibroblastic cells of skin wounds ranging between a few minutes and 11 weeks old. When compared to uninjured skin, an increased expression of p53 was found earliest in a wound with a postinfliction interval of 3 days. The ratio (r) of positively stained cells in relation to the total number of fibroblastic cells in the wound area of this specimen was about 0.2. A considerable increase in the expression of p53 (r 〉 0.5) was first found in a wound aged 8 days and in wounds with postinfliction intervals ranging between 3 and 11 weeks, where the ratio of positive cells was between 0.40 and 0.64. Therefore, it can be calculated that r-values of at least 0.5 indicate a postinfliction interval of approximately 1 week or more. Since comparably low numbers of positively stained fibroblastic cells were found in specimens with an advanced wound duration, reliable information for a forensic wound age estimation can only be provided by positive results.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004140050142
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Active collagen synthesis in infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (1998)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 13 (1998), S. 237-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis ; Procollagen type I extracellular matrix ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract M-57 antibody, which is capable of distinguishing newly-synthesized type I procollagen from fully-processed, mature collagen, was used to examine the expression of collagen synthesis in hypertrophic pyloric muscle from patients with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS). Seven specimens from IHPS patients were removed at the time of operation; age-matched normal pyloric tissue of 5 post-mortem cases was obtained as controls. Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibody of the amino-terminal end of the procollagen type I propeptide (M-57). Newly-synthesized procollagen (M-57) was strongly detected in both the connective tissue septa between circular muscle bundles, and among the circular-muscle fibers in patients with IHPS. No M-57 staining was observed among the circular-muscle fibers in controls. Our findings show that the hypertrophic circular muscle in IHPS is actively synthesizing collagen, and this may be responsible for the characteristic “firm” nature of the pyloric tumor.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003830050306
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fetal adrenal transplants respond to ACTH and prevent addisonian crisis in adrenalectomized rats (1998)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 13 (1998), S. 271-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Fetal transplantation ; Adrenals ; Addisonian crises ; Rat ; Adrenocorticotropic hormone
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The present study investigates whether fetal adrenal transplants into the omentum of adrenalectomized rats will be integrated into the recipient's endocrine system to provide competent adrenocortical function. The results demonstrate that fetal adrenals graft with a rich vascular supply, mature histologically, and produce increasing levels of corticosterone. When bilateral adrenalectomy is performed in the recipient, survival is prolonged and addisonian crisis can be prevented. Moreover, adrenocorticotrophic hormone levels decrease with increasing levels of corticosterone, indicating that the fetal grafts are integrated into the physiological pituitary-adrenocortical feedback system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003830050314
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Localization of Ca2+-binding S100 proteins in epithelial tumours of the skin (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 432 (1998), S. 53-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Ca2+-binding S-100 proteins ; Epithelial tumours ; Skin ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  The Ca2+-binding proteins S100A1, S100A2, S100A4, S100A6 and S100B were evaluated immunohistochemically in normal skin and skin appendage tumours. Epidermal basal cells, epithelial cells of sebaceous glands, hair follicle sheet epithelia and eccrine duct reacted strongly with an antiserum against human S100A2 but were nonreactive or weakly reactive to S100A1, S100A4, S100A6 and S100B. Varying types of skin appendage tumours and most peripheral cells in tumour nests of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma showed positive S100A2 immunoreactivity in neoplastic cells corresponding to basal cells but were nonreactive or faintly reactive for other S100 proteins. Langerhan’s cells and melanocytes were labelled by S100B. Basophilic cells of calcifying epithelioma were occasionally stained with S100A2 antiserum. Eccrine poroma did not react with any S100 antiserum. Mixed tumours of the skin containing neoplastic myoepithelial cells stained strongly for S100A2 and S100B but only faintly for S100A1, S100A4, S100A6. This is the first report on selective evaluation of different S100 proteins in normal skin. These antibodies are valuable tools for better characterization of skin appendage tumours.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050134
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization of the inflammatory infiltrate in autoimmune cholangitis (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 432 (1998), S. 217-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Cholangitis ; Autoimmune diseases ; T-Lymphocyte subsets ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Autoimmune cholangitis (AIC) is characterised by clinical and/or laboratory features of cholestasis, the presence of antinuclear antibodies and the lack of antimitochondrial antibodies. Histologically, changes largely identical to those found in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) are typically found. It is not possible to differentiate between AIC and PBC on conventional morphological grounds, and we therefore wished to find whether there is a difference between these entities in the composition of the inflammatory infiltrate leading to bile duct destruction. In liver biopsies from ten patients with confirmed AIC and ten patients with PBC the inflammatory infiltrate was characterised with antibodies against CD 3, OPD 4 CD 8, GB 7, L 26, CD 56 and CD 57. In AIC, T cells were predominant in the portal inflammatory infiltrate in nine cases. Granzyme B-positive activated cytolytic T lymphocytes were found in the bile duct epithelium in five cases. All these five cases showed inflammatory bile duct destruction. No significant differences between the immunohistochemical findings in AIC and in PBC were found. We suggest that AIC is a subgroup of PBC, antimitochondrial antibody-negative type.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050158
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Extranodal follicular dendritic cell tumour of the nasopharynx (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 432 (1998), S. 293-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Follicular dendritic cell tumour ; Nasopharynx ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; PCR
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  We report the first case of an extranodal follicular dendritic cell (FDC) tumour localized in the nasopharynx of a 44-year-old male patient. The tumour cells were characterized immunohistochemically by strong expression of CD21, HLA-DR and vimentin and focal expression of CD68 and cytokeratin. Electron microscopic examination revealed desmosomal cell junctions between adjacent cell processes. Molecular genetic analysis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed germline configuration of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genomes were detectable by PCR. After complete surgical tumour removal and radiotherapy the patient is disease-free 20 months after the initial diagnosis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050168
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemical detection of c-fos and c-jun expression in osseous and cartilaginous tumours of the skeleton (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 432 (1998), S. 515-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Key words c-fos ; c-jun ; Bone neoplasms ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  The products of c-fos and c-jun proto-oncogenes form the heterodimeric complex AP-1 (activator protein 1), which play an important part in the control of bone cell proliferation and differentiation and in the development of bone tumours. We examined the expression of c-fos and c-jun in a series of 52 primary skeletal neoplasms, using an immunohistochemical method on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. The expression of c-fos and c-jun was restricted to bone-forming lesions, while cartilaginous tumours were devoid of immunoreactivity. In benign osteoblastic lesions moderate c-fos and c-jun expression was found in 2 cases (18.1%). The highest levels of c-fos and c-jun expression were detected in high-grade central osteosarcomas (7 of 15 cases with moderate/diffuse expression) while 1 telangiectatic osteosarcoma, 2 low-grade central osteosarcomas, 1 low-grade periosteal osteosarcoma and 7 low-grade parosteal osteosarcomas were either negative or had low expression. The high-grade component of a dedifferentiated parosteal osteosarcoma showed diffuse immunoreactivity for both oncoproteins. Comparison of c-fos and c-jun expression by histological grade showed that high-grade osteosarcomas had a significantly higher expression of both oncoproteins than did low-grade osteosarcomas (P = 0.01, Fisher’s exact test). Thus, c-fos and c-jun overexpression may be implicated in the development of high-grade osteosarcomas, but they appear to have little or no relevance for the development of low-grade osteosarcomas and cartilaginous skeletal neoplasms.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050199
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pathomorphological aspects of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia II (HIT-II syndrome) (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 432 (1998), S. 541-546 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Heparin ; Thrombocytopenia ; Thrombosis ; Pathomorphology ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  The therapeutic use of heparin results in thrombocytopenia in 5–30% of patients. In 0.1–1% of patients treated with heparin, the platelet count decreases to between 100 × 109/l and 50 × 109/l and leads to severe synchronous central arterial and venous thrombosis with a mortality of 18–36%. This is known as ”white-clot syndrome” or heparin-induced thrombocytopenia II (HIT-II syndrome). Whilst the clinical aspects and the central type of thrombosis in HIT-II syndrome are well documented, the histomorphology and differential diagnosis of thrombosis are not. We report three cases of HIT-II syndrome with thrombosis of the central arteries and veins. The HIT-II thrombi could be differentiated from thrombi of other origins, particularly from mural thrombi. Heparin-induced thrombi were seen on microscopical examination to be like onion skin in structure, and immunohistochemistry showed that they had a markedly reduced content of fibrin and clearly enhanced amounts of IgG and IgM. The layered structure thus implied appositional growth. The thrombi in HIT-II syndrome do not seem to be induced by activation of the coagulation cascade, but by platelet aggregation mediated by anti-platelet antibodies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050203
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Vascular patterns in the normal and pathological human adrenal cortex (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 433 (1998), S. 69-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Adrenal gland ; Vascular supply ; Immunohistochemistry ; Adrenal neoplasms
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  The vasculature of the adrenal gland has been studied by microinjection techniques in a variety of species. While there is general agreement about the overall patterns, some uncertainty still exists over the structure of medullary arteries and the connections between the sinusoids of the cortex and medulla. We have taken a new approach to these problems by applying immunohistochemical techniques to the human adrenal gland, identifying overall vascular patterns by endothelial expression of CD34 and muscular channels by smooth muscle actin. We have also examined adrenal nodules, adenomas and carcinomas to see whether these can be differentiated on the basis of their vascular patterns. The general pattern in the normal gland was similar to that found in injection studies, but there appeared to be more connections between sinusoids of the zona fasciculata than previously reported. There was direct continuity between cortical and medullary sinusoids. Medullary arteries were demonstrated as thin-walled vessels. Immunopositivity for smooth muscle actin was present in sinusoids, apparently in endothelial cells, suggesting that they may express this protein and thus have a contractile function. Macronodules and adenomas could not be reliably distinguished, both showing a rich network of sinusoidal vessels. Carcinomas showed marked disorganization, with large-calibre vessels interspersed with irregular networks of vessels of very small calibre.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050218
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemical localization of metallothionein in synovial tissue of patients with chronic inflammatory and degenerative joint disease (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 433 (1998), S. 153-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Metallothionein ; Immunohistochemistry ; Synovial tissue ; Rheumatic diseases
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Metallothioneins (MTs) are low-molecular-weight cytosolic proteins, which are thought to participate in metal homeostasis and protection against metal toxicity and oxidative stress. MT synthesis can be induced by a variety of inflammatory mediators and antirheumatic drugs, and high levels of MT have been implicated in resistance of cells to some antirheumatic drugs. We studied the expression and localization of MT in synovial tissue samples from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis or osteoarthritis (OA) by quantitative immunohistochemistry. Immunostaining for MT was detected in a large number of intimal lining cells in most of the investigated synovial tissue samples (75%). In a smaller proportion of samples (42%), some of the fibroblast-like cells of the subsynovial layer were also MT positive. Immunostaining and double-staining experiments with antibodies against monocyte-, macrophage- and leucocyte-associated antigens suggested that most of the MT-positive cells were intimal fibroblast-like cells and subsynovial fibroblasts. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the intensity of staining for MT between the rheumatic diseases and OA at the single-cell level. Thus, MT is expressed in synovial tissue and may participate in homeostatic and protective functions. The interindividual variability in the expression of MT in synovial tissue may be related to the therapeutic efficacy of the gold compounds and chemotherapeutic antirheumatic drugs sequestered by MT.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050230
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Differential diagnosis of glandular proliferations in the prostate (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 433 (1998), S. 397-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Atypical small acinar lesions ; Prostate cancer ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  A variety of small acinar lesions of the prostate can mimic prostate cancer in punch biopsies and in transurethral resection material. The first part of this review deals with differential diagnostic problems of the central and transition zone, including atypical adenomatous hyperplasia of the prostate, atrophic processes, sclerosing adenosis, basal cell hyperplasia, and low-grade adenocarcinoma. The second part deals with differential diagnostic problems in the peripheral zone: prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, postatrophic hyperplasia, Cowper’s glands, seminal vesicles, and ductal and intraductal carcinoma. Finally, atypical and small acinar proliferations are described. Diagnostic perspectives are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050266
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cutaneous nerves in atopic dermatitis (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 432 (1998), S. 363-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Atopic dermatitis ; Pruritus ; Cutaneous nerve ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Although pruritus is the cardinal symptom of atopic dermatitis, its mechanism is not well understood. Free nerve endings in the skin are involved in pruritus as itching receptors. We studied the cutaneous nerve fibres in lichenified lesions of 16 patients with adult atopic dermatitis. On immunohistochemistry, fibres immunoreactive for neurofilament, neuron-specific enolase, and protein gene product 9.5 were observed in the papillary dermis and dermoepidermal junctions as well as in the epidermis. In these areas, no fibres stained positively for substance P, neuropeptide Y, vasoactive intestinal peptide, beta endorphin, somatostatin or serotonin. On electron microscopy, the ultrastructure of subepidermal and intraepidermal free nerve endings appeared to be essentially normal. However, the distribution density of the cutaneous nerve fibres was much higher than in normal controls, and the diameter of these fibres was much larger, because of the large number of axons in each nerve fibre. Degranulation of mast cells was not seen. These findings suggest that pruritus in lichenified atopic skin is probably not caused by damage to the cutaneous free nerve endings. In such lesions, the number of the cutaneous free nerve endings is greatly increased, but they may have a normal function.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050179
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diagnosis and immunohistochemical classification of systemic amyloidoses (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 433 (1998), S. 19-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Systemic amyloidosis ; Postmortem study ; Immunohistochemistry ; Classification ; Histomorphological pattern
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Fourty-three cases of systemic amyloidosis were identified in an unselected autopsy series from our institute (6305 autopsies between 1979 and 1993) and classified immunohistochemically by means of a panel of antisera directed against five major amyloid fibril proteins. Amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis was the most common type, being found in 21 cases (48.8%). Transthyretin-derived (ATTR) amyloidosis was present in 11 cases (25.6%), and immunoglobulin light chain-derived (AL) amyloidosis in 10 cases (23.3%). A single case (2.3%) contained deposits of more than one type of systemic amyloid. AA amyoloidosis was associated with chronic inflammatory or infectious diseases (81%), malignant tumours (19%) or both (9.5%). Immunoglobulin light chain-derived amyloidoses were associated with myeloma (50%) or primary (idiopathic; 50%). In AA and AL amyloidosis the kidney was the organ most frequently involved. ATTR amyloid affecting mostly the heart and lungs presented as senile systemic amyloidosis. Systemic amyloidosis was the cause of death in 5 cases (12%) and caused symptoms in 17 cases (39%). Our results suggest that most cases can be classified by using a panel of sensitive and specific antibodies against five major amyloid fibril proteins. This technique may make amyloid type-specific therapy possible for AL amyloid patients who do not have evidence of an underlying plasma cell dyscrasia.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050211
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expression of cyclin Ds in relation to p53 status in human breast carcinomas (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 433 (1998), S. 223-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Breast cancer ; Cyclin D1 ; p53 ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Cyclin D1 has been reported to be overexpressed in many tumours, including breast carcinomas. Cyclin D1 was first identified as a protooncogene (BCL1/PRAD1), and its overexpression was related to tumour proliferation. The product has also recently been identified as important in mediating cell cycle growth arrest via the p53 pathway in murin fibroblast cell lines. Ninety breast carcinomas previously analysed for p53 status were analysed for amplification of cyclin D1, D2 and D3 genes by Southern blot analysis and for protein expression by immunhistochemistry. In 10 samples gene amplification was detected at the cyclin D1 locus. No gene amplification was detected at the cyclin D2 and D3 loci. Immunoreactivity for cyclin D1 was detected in 38 (42.2%) tumour tissue samples. Fifty samples were immunostained for cyclin D2 and D3. Only 2 samples (4%) showed immunoreactivty for cyclin D2, and 9 samples (18%) for cyclin D3. Cyclin D1 protein overexpression was significantly more often found in tumours with wild type p53 and in tumours with higher grades of differentiation expressing ER. No association was seen between gene amplification of the cyclin D1 gene and p53 status. We conclude there is a relationship between wild type p53 and cyclin D1 protein overexpression in clinical material, indicating that cyclin D1 may be another downstream effector of p53.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050240
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparison of CD44 expression in early colorectal carcinomas of the de novo and ex adenoma types (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 433 (1998), S. 407-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Key words CD44 ; Colorectal carcinoma ; Carcinogenesis ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Small colorectal carcinomas without morphological evidence of origin from an adenoma have been called ”de novo” carcinomas. As changes in the expression of the adhesion molecule CD44 and its variants have been described along the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in colorectal carcinoma, we compared patterns of CD44 expression in early de novo and ex-adenoma colorectal carcinomas by staining specimens from a group of early (pT1) colorectal carcinomas by immunohistochemistry for CD44 (standard and variant forms v3, v5, v6, v7, v7/8, v10). We evaluated carcinoma, adenoma (ex-adenoma cases), transitional mucosal areas and apparently nonneoplastic mucosa peripheral to the lesions (when present). A marked increase was seen in numbers and intensity of standard and variant forms of CD44 in carcinomatous areas compared with nonneoplastic mucosa in both groups, with no significant difference between the groups. However, adenoma areas of the ex-adenoma cases and the transitional mucosa of the de novo carcinomas had nearly identical staining patterns. Together with data from other molecular studies, this may be interpreted as evidence for an adenoma-type precursor lesion in so-called de novo colorectal carcinomas.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050267
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunohistochemical study of hormone receptor and hormone-regulated protein expression in phyllodes tumour: comparison with fibroadenoma (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 433 (1998), S. 311-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Phyllodes tumour ; Androgen receptor ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  The histogenesis of phyllodes tumour (PT) and that of fibroadenoma (FA) of the breast appear to be closely related. FA is thought to be hormonally responsive, while the hormone-responsiveness of PT is uncertain. To gain insight into hormone-responsiveness of PT, we performed immunohistochemical analysis of oestrogen-regulated pS2 and androgen-regulated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) protein expression and also of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR) and androgen receptor (AR) expression in paraffin sections obtained from 50 female PT patients. Paraffin sections taken from 50 female fibroadenoma (FA) patients were analysed for comparison. ER, PgR, pS2, AR and PSA expression were detected in 32%, 96%, 20% 98% and 4.0% of PT sections and in 28%, 96%, 42% 80% and 10% of FA sections, respectively. No correlations were detected among ER, PgR and pS2 expression or between AR and PSA expression in PT or FA sections. PgR expression was significantly associated with AR expression in PT (P〈0.0001). The present investigations indicate that PT and FA have almost similar hormone receptor status. However, different positivities of pS2 expression suggest that oestrogen-responsiveness may differ between PT and FA. In addition, a wide-ranging co-expression of AR and PgR in PT sections suggests that these receptors may play an important part in the proliferation, although the functional significance of these receptors should be elucidated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050254
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The influence of p53 and associated factors on the outcome of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 433 (1998), S. 427-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Oral ; squamous cell carcinoma ; Tumour suppressor gene ; Prognosis ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  In several tumour entities the immunohistochemical detection of p53 has proved to be a predictive factor for the survival of the patients. In this study the effector waf1 and the regulator mdm2 responsible for the inactivation of p53 were also determined in 156 tissue samples of primary squamous cell carcinomas in the oral cavity and oropharynx, their lymph node metastases, and the epithelium outside the invasively growing tumour from 107 patients. In this latter epithelium there was a significant correlation between grade of dysplasia and staining for p53 (P〈0.01). In the dysplastic epithelium a significant correlation between p53, waf1, and mdm2 was shown (P〈0.05). Differences in the immunohistochemical staining between different blocks of the tumour tissue and also between primary tumours and their lymph node metastases were revealed in 11–44% of cases, but there was no correlation with other variables, such as formation of lymph node metastases. In contrast to the conventional tumour grading and staging, no influence of any of the variables determined on survival or recurrence-free survival could be detected. It seems that p53 and associated factors are important in the early stages of cancerogenesis but not in further tumour progression and metastatic spread.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050270
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Distribution of intrahepatic mast cells in various hepatobiliary disorders (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 433 (1998), S. 471-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Mast cells ; Hepatic fibrosis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Tryptase ; Basic fibroblast growth factor
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  There is evidence that mast cells are involved in a number of pathophysiological processes. The significance of mast cells in hepatic fibrosis was examined in 28 patients with histologically normal livers, 34 with acute liver diseases, 51 with chronic liver diseases, and 59 with cholestatic biliary diseases, using immunostaining of the mast cell-specific proteinase, tryptase. Mast cells that were positive for tryptase and for chymase were significantly increased in frequency in fibrotic portal tracts and fibrous septa, particularly in cholestatic/biliary diseases. Mast cells were also increased in frequency around the fibrotic septal and intrahepatic large bile ducts and peribiliary glands of biliary diseases. However, they were less common or even rare in the sclerotic bile ducts and in scarred portal or septal fibrosis. More than half of these more numerous mast cells were positive for histamine, and some were also positive for basic fibroblast growth factor. These two substances were detectable by immunoelectron microscopic in the cytoplasmic granules of mast cells. In contrast, mast cell numbers were not significantly increased in acute viral or drug-induced hepatitis, or in zones 2 and 3 of the hepatic acinus with respect to pericellular and perivenular fibrosis in chronic liver diseases. These findings suggest that mast cells increase in number in cholestatic/biliary diseases, and to a lesser degree in chronic liver diseases, and are involved in the active fibrous enlargement of portal tract and fibrous septa formation and also in the fibrosis of the intrahepatic bile ducts as they display fibrosis-promoting factors such as tryptase, fibroblast growth factor and histamine.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050276
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Defects of the respiratory chain in hepatic oncocytes (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 432 (1998), S. 349-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Oncocytes ; Liver ; Cytochrome-c-oxidase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Respiratory chain defect
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Oxyphilic hepatocytes, also called hepatic oncocytes, have been found in 20 of 47 cirrhotic livers (42%) with defects of the respiratory chain. Immunohistochemical studies using antisera against cytochrome-c-oxidase (complex IV) revealed respiratory chain-deficient oxyphilic foci in 16 of the 20 cases (75%). Fourteen percent of the oxyphilic areas were deficient, whereas only 8.5% of the nonoxyphilic liver nodules showed respiratory chain defects (P 〈 0.004). In addition, oxyphilic foci made up about 18% of all defective areas but were present in only 11.5% of the regenerative nodules. These results illustrate that oxyphilic cell change is associated with a higher propensity for the development of respiratory chain defects, but is not obligatory for this.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050177
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mammary foam cells (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 432 (1998), S. 433-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Breast ; Foam cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; GCDFP15-PIP gene
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Cells showing abundant, finely vacuolized cytoplasm (foam cells) are found frequently in most benign lesions of the breast and in certain malignant breast tumours. The origin of mammary foam cells (FCs) has not been clarified, and we therefore studied the morphological features of mammary FCs in a series of 50 benign lesions. The FCs were subdivided, on the basis of their distribution into FCs lining the glandular lumina, intraluminal FCs, intraepithelial-pagetoid FCs, and stromal FCs. The lesions were tested with a panel of antibodies against macrophage (MAC 387, CD68) and epithelial (epithelial membrane antigen [EMA], gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 [GCDFP15] and cytokeratin) markers. The lesions were examined for the presence of PIP/GCDFP15-specific mRNA by an in situ hybridization technique. Three different types of FCs were identified. Type A FCs are epithelial cells (positivity with EMA and cytokeratin) and show apocrine differentiation (positivity with GCDFP15 antiserum and expression of PIP/GCDFP15 mRNA). Type B FCs are of macrophage origin, as they are positive with the macrophage markers and lack cytokeratin and PIP/GCDFP15 mRNA. Finally, type C FCs show an intermediate profile between an epithelial cell and a macrophage: they are both CD68 and GCDFP15 positive and show a thin peripheral rim of positivity with anti-cytokeratin antibody. They lack PIP/GCDFP15 mRNA. Our results indicate the possibility of a spectrum of phenotypes in mammary FCs, from epithelial-apocrine cells to macrophage-derived phagocytic cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050187
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Poorly differentiated desmin-negative and vimentin-positive leiomyosarcoma of the stomach examined by the immunohistochemical and quick-freezing and deep-etching methods (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 432 (1998), S. 377-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Leiomyosarcoma ; Stomach ; Immunohistochemistry ; Quick-freezing ; Deep-etching
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  A poorly differentiated leiomyosarcoma of the stomach in a 41-year-old woman is reported. The diagnosis was confirmed by the diffuse immunohistochemical reaction to HHF35, and the presence of focal density and caveolas in some of the tumour cells by conventional electron microscopy. Immunohistochemically, most tumour cells had an undifferentiated nature, in which negative immunostaining for desmin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and type IV collagen, and positive immunostaining for vimentin were observed. By the quick-freezing and deep-etching (QF-DE) method, these tumour cells revealed the loss of bundled actin and myosin filaments, which constitute desmin associated structures (focal densities and dense patchy areas). Their cytoplasm had many mitochondria and other cell organelles. The intermediate filaments (IFs), which were determined to be vimentin by immunohistochemistry, were observed in the inter-organellar spaces, and connected with these cell organelles. Actin filaments formed a meshwork structure and were distributed mainly in subplasmalemmal regions. Although a basal lamina was not detected by conventional electron microscopy, basal lamina-like structures, an association between the extracellular matrices and the cell membrane, were observed. Using the QF-DE method, three dimensional ultrastructural alterations of the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix of the leiomyosarcoma were observed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050181
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pancreatic leiomyosarcoma (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 432 (1998), S. 469-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Leiomyosarcoma ; Pancreatic neoplasms ; Human tumours ; Immunohistochemistry ; Flow cytometry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  A leiomyosarcoma originating from the pancreas of a 57-year-old man is presented. A 6×5×4 cm tumour was located in the head region, and the patient underwent surgical palliation. Immunohistochemical studies excluded an epithelial origin; a myogenic origin was suggested by strong vimentin and smooth muscle actin positivity. Flow cytometric analysis revealed an aneuploid pattern (DNA index: 1,561). The patient died with widespread metastases 7 month after the operation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050193
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of smoking on testicular function and fertilizing potential in rats (1998)
    Springer
    Urological research 26 (1998), S. 45-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Testicular function ; Smoking ; Fertility ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We evaluated the effects of smoking on testicular function and fertilizing potential in rats. Twenty rats (group A) were exposed to the smoke of 20 cigarettes for 1 h per day. Ten rats (group B) were exposed to the smoke of 40 incense sticks for 1 h per day, and an additional 10 rats served as a control group (group C). After 10 weeks of daily exposure, serum levels of nicotine and cotinine were assessed, and a mating test was conducted. Five days later, serum concentrations of testosterone before and after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation, gonadotropins, and epididymal sperm content and motility were evaluated. In addition, in vitro fertilization was carried out. Nicotine and cotinine were detected in group A, but not in groups B and C. Basal serum testosterone and gonadotropin concentrations did not differ significantly among the three groups, but the testosterone response to hCG stimulation was significantly lower in group A than in groups B and C. Group A showed significant reductions in epididymal sperm content and motility, and in fertility in vivo and in vitro. These findings suggest that smoking leads to a secretory dysfunction of the Leydig cells, and also a deficiency in sperm maturation and spermatogenesis. In addition, smoking has a detrimental effect on sperm fertilizing potentials in vivo and in vitro.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002400050022
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reciprocal expression of bcl-2 and p53 oncoproteins in urothelial dysplasia and carcinoma of the urinary bladder (1998)
    Springer
    Urological research 26 (1998), S. 235-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Bcl-2 ; P53 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Urothelial dysplasia ; Bladder cancer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In order to investigate if and when the bcl-2 oncoprotein is activated in bladder tumorigenesis and its relationship with p53 overexpression and patient survival, we studied bcl-2 and p53 expression immunohistochemically in matched normal urothelium, dysplasia and cancer specimens selected by step-sectioning from 54 radically resected bladders for non-metastatic transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). In normal urothelium and mild dysplasia, bcl-2 was restricted to the basal cell compartment, while in moderate and severe dysplasia its expression was detectable also in the upper regions. Excess bcl-2 immunoreactivity was found in 27 (50%) of carcinomas, and a larger proportion of high-grade TCCs showed bcl-2 expression compared with that of low-grade TCCs (P 〈 0.05). Overexpression of p53 protein showed a increasing trend toward the progression of bladder tumorigenesis (P 〈 0.01) and a significant reciprocal correlation was found between bcl-2 and p53 expression in either various dysplasias (P 〈 0.01) or carcinoma (P 〈 0.05). With the evolution from mild dysplasia to carcinoma in individual cases, loss of bcl-2 expression was more frequently observed in superficial (P 〈 0.02) or low-grade carcinoma (P 〈 0.05) than in muscle-invasive or high-grade carcinoma. Furthermore, patients with negative immunostaining for both bcl-2 and p53 in cancer lesions had a significantly more favorable prognosis compared with those with positive immunostaining for the oncoproteins (P 〈 0.05), although bcl-2 by itself did not predict patient survival. We suggest that aberrant activated bcl-2, which is seen earlier than p53, appears to facilitate bladder tumorigenesis and to enhance tumor aggression in some extent.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002400050051
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cystometrical evaluation of acute and chronic overdistension in the rat urinary bladder (1998)
    Springer
    Urological research 26 (1998), S. 325-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Urinary bladder ; Obstruction ; Hypertrophy ; Cystometry ; Atropine ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The urodynamic effects of an experimental, partial infravesical outlet obstruction in rats were studied and compared with the effects in sham-operated controls, and in animals that had undergone 24 h of total outlet obstruction. The animals were studied up to 42 days after surgery. Bladder weight increased with time in the partially obstructed group to reach a final value of 6 times that of the control. In water loading experiments micturition volume was unaffected by sham operation. In the partially obstructed bladders it decreased initially but normalized with time. In the group that had undergone 24 h of total obstruction micturition volume also decreased initially but then became significantly higher than in the controls. In cystometry experiments the partially obstructed bladders developed a considerable residual urine and increased threshold and micturition pressures. Detrusor instability was present already after 10 days. Also in the cystometry experiments the bladders that had been totally obstructed for 24 h had increased micturition volumes. Residual volume was only slightly affected by atropine in the control and partially obstructed bladders but increased 7-fold in rats in which the bladder had been totally obstructed for 24 h 42 days previously. We conclude that there is a close relationship between bladder weight, residual volume and micturition pressure in the partially obstructed bladder, and that 24 h of total obstruction results in disturbances of bladder function that might be related to denervation phenomena previously reported by others.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002400050064
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The distribution of intramural nerves in urinary bladder after partial denervation in the female rat (1998)
    Springer
    Urological research 26 (1998), S. 291-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Urinary bladder ; Rat ; Pelvic ganglion ; Innervation ; Denervation ; Plasticity ; Age
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We evaluated the degree of neuronal plasticity following a partial denervation of the rat urinary bladder. Using acetylcholinesterase staining we found that the postganglionic nerves from the pelvic ganglion reach the intact bladder as 1–4 nerve trunks on each side, slightly ventral and caudal to the ureteral orifices. Normally a few thinner nerves also reach the bladder posterolateral to the ureterovesical junction. The nerves ventral to the ureters run in the ventral longitudinal muscle layer as well-defined trunks with a pattern that does not differ much from one animal to another. The nerves reaching the bladder dorsolaterally innervate the dorsolateral aspects in a more irregular fashion. Some anastomoses are found across the midline between nerves from either side. This nerve pattern is already in place in newborn rats. After removal of the pelvic ganglion on one side in the adult rat the ipsilateral ventral nerves rapidly degenerate, whereas some dorsolateral␣nerves usually survive. Axons from the intact ventral␣nerves can be seen crossing over to the denervated side in the anastomoses. After 13 weeks the surviving ventral nerves, which normally run at some distance from the ventral midline, now run in the midline with equal amounts of ventral longitudinal muscle on either side, and with their branches evenly distributed to both sides. The same pattern is seen after 27 weeks. Unilateral ganglionectomy in 3-week-old rats leads to the same changes in nerve distribution as in the adult rat. We conclude that there is a high degree of plasticity in the bladder innervation following a partial denervation, and that this plasticity includes the distribution of its main intramural nerve trunks.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002400050060
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cyclin D1 expression in gliomas (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 95 (1998), S. 131-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Cyclin D1 ; MIB-1 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Gliomas ; Invasion
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Cyclin D1 (cycD1) expression was defined immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibody DCS-6 and polyclonal antiserum H-295 in 50 glioma biopsies. The number of positive nuclei was higher for H-295 than for DCS-6, with a ratio of 3:1. The labelling index (LI) was compared to the grade of histological malignancy and to Ki-67 MIB-1 LI. The LI for cycD1 increased with histological malignancy, in parallel with the increase in MIB-1 LI. In most tumours, the maximum LI for cycD1 and MIB-1 were found in the same areas. The mean MIB-1 LI: mean cycD1 LI ratio does not vary in the three grades of astrocytic tumours. However, in this study the correlation between the two LIs was not statistically significant. Staining for cycD1 antigen does not necessarily imply that the gene is overexpressed since other molecular mechanisms can also be responsible for cell cycle deregulation. In invasive areas, the cycD1 LI is frequently higher than in solid tumour, either because more tumour cells are positive or because reactive astrocytes and activated microglia express cycD1. The relative contribution of neoplastic and reactive cells remains to be defined.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050776
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expression of endothelial barrier antigen immunoreactivity in blood vessels following compression trauma to rat spinal cord (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 96 (1998), S. 8-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Endothelial barrier antigen ; Blood-brain ; barrier ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat ; Spinal cord
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The endothelial barrier antigen (EBA) recognised by a monoclonal antibody is expressed in rat cerebral microvessels possessing blood-brain barrier properties but only weakly by fenestrated vessels. We have studied the expression of this marker in the spinal cord of control rats and compared the findings with those seen in rats subjected to compression injury at the T8–9 level with a survival period of 4 h, 24 h, 4 days and 9 days. To that end, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded material was immunostained by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. Sections from control rats presented a distinct immunostaining at the site of the endothelial cells of almost all microvessels in the grey and white matter of the cord. The anterior and posterior spinal arteries did not show such staining. Neurons and glial cells were unstained. Rats which had survived 4 h after a moderate or severe compression trauma still showed immunoreactivity in intramedullary microvessels at the site of injury. There was a moderate reduction of vascular immunoreactivity at 24 h and a pronounced loss of such reactivity at 4 days after trauma. At 9 days after compression the expression of the endothelial barrier antigen had almost been normalised in the microvessels of the cord. In conclusion, using immunohistochemistry, EBA can be demonstrated in noninjured rat spinal cord microvessels, while the staining disappears at the site of compression trauma to the cord. The EBA marker can be used to indicate sites of vascular injury in spinal cord compression injury. The factors causing the disappearance and restitution of the antigen are unknown.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050854
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Do human intracranial arteries lack vasa vasorum? A comparative immunohistochemical study of intracranial and systemic arteries (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 96 (1998), S. 22-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Cerebral arteries ; Human ; Immunohistochemistry ; Vasa vasorum ; Atherosclerosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Vasa vasorum are adventitial vessels that play a role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, aneurysm, vasculitides, and graft vascular disease. The existence of vasa vasorum in human intracranial arteries is not yet well defined. The specific aims of this study are to determine whether the human intracranial arteries have vasa vasorum, whether their existence is related to the thickness of tunica media as is in systemic vessels, and whether they are acquired in reaction to pathological conditions, such as atherosclerosis and arterial occlusion. Human intracranial internal carotid (i-ICA), vertebral (i-VA), basilar (BA) and middle cerebral arteries (MCA) from adults, children and newborns were examined. Systemic vessels of comparable medial thickness were used as controls. Immunohistochemical staining for Factor VIII and CD 31 was used to identify the endothelial cells. Human intracranial arteries in neonates, children and adults do not have vasa vasorum, although their medial thickness is comparable to their systemic counterparts with vasa vasorum. Only in adults did the proximal intracranial segments of i-ICA and i-VA reveal a few vasa vasorum-like vessels with unusually large diameter. They were more frequently seen in atherosclerosis and thrombotic but again limited to the proximal segments of i-ICA and i-VA. Completely obstructed bilateral carotid arteries in a child with sickle cell disorder revealed a rich adventitial neovascularization in the proximal intracranial part of the vessel. It is not yet known whether obstruction of the distal segments may create similar neovascularizations. Adventitial neovascularizations seen in the proximal i-ICA and i-VA may represent a focal intracranial extension of the vascular pathologies involving the extracranial segments of major cerebral arteries.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050856
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunolabelling of the cytoplasm and processes of apoptotic facial motoneurons following axotomy in the neonatal rat (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 95 (1998), S. 223-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Apoptosis ; Axotomy ; c-Jun ; Immunohistochemistry ; Motoneurons
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A polyclonal antibody intended to recognize c-Jun (Oncogene Science, c-jun/AP-1, Ab-2) has previously been shown to recognize an apparently novel “apoptosis-specific protein” (ASP) in the cytoplasm of cells undergoing apoptotic cell death in vitro. We have investigated whether this antibody would also serve as a reliable marker for apoptotic motoneurons in vivo. Following transection of the left facial nerve in anesthetized neonatal rat pups, which results in over 90% death of the facial motoneurons, we performed immunohistochemistry on frozen brain stem sections with Oncogene Science Ab-1 and Ab-2 antibodies which are raised against different peptide fragments of c-Jun. While Ab-1/c-Jun labelling was seen in the nuclei of the majority of axotomized motoneurons, Ab-2/ASP immunoreactivity was present only in scattered cells, all of which had characteristic apoptotic morphology. Furthermore, Ab-2/ASP immunoreactivity was cytoplasmic and frequently included the dendrites and axons of dying neurons. Some cerebellar granule cells undergoing postnatal developmental cell death were also Ab-2/ASP positive. The time course of the number of Ab-2/ASP-labelled motoneurons corresponded relatively closely with our previous data on DNA fragmentation in these cells, as assessed by an in situ end labelling (ISEL) technique. When facial nerve axotomy was performed at 7 and 14 days postnatum, resulting in reduced cell death, the number of Ab-2/ASP immunoreactive cells decreased correspondingly. Although the exact identity of the epitope recognized by Ab-2 is unclear, we conclude that, by labelling the cytoplasmic and neuritic components of apoptotic motoneurons, Ab-2/ASP immunohistochemistry is a valuable complementary technique to existing in situ methods based on the detection of fragmented DNA in the cell nucleus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050791
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Anti-neuronal nuclear autoantibodies, types 1 and 2: their utility in the study of tumors of the nervous system (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 96 (1998), S. 329-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Anti-neuronal nuclear autoantibodies ; Central nervous system ; Immunohistochemistry ; Tumor classification
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract This is a comprehensive immunohistochemical study of selected archival tumors of the nervous system applying human anti-neuronal nuclear autoantibodies of types 1 and 2 (ANNA-1 and -2), serum markers of paraneoplastic syndromes associated primarily with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Neither ANNA-1 nor ANNA-2 bound to glial tumors regardless of histological grade and subtype; instead they labeled neurons in overrun normal parenchyma. Central neurocytomas and the neuronal components of mixed glioneuronal tumors were also immunoreactive for both. In addition, varying proportions of tumor cells were stained in dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA), tuber and neuroblastoma. All other tumors were nonreactive, namely choroid plexus papilloma, pituitary adenoma, pineocytoma, pheochromocytoma, thymic and pulmonary carcinoid, chordoma, meningioma, schwannoma and metastatic melanoma. SCLC was immunonegative for ANNA-1 and ANNA-2 in paraffin preparations, but displayed strong immunoreactivity for both in frozen sections: this discrepancy was not observed in other tumors studied. In conclusion, the human IgG autoantibodies ANNA-1 and ANNA-2 provide novel tools for studying the cytogenesis of tumors of the nervous system in that they permit the identification of both normal and neoplastic, poorly differentiated and small neuronal cells that may escape detection using commercially available anti-neuronal antibodies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050902
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sarcoid neuromyopathy with selective involvement of the intramuscular nerves (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 95 (1998), S. 437-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Neurosarcoidosis ; Sarcoid myopathy ; Intramuscular nerves ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A 35-year-old man affected with pulmonary sarcoidosis had a 12-year history of fatigue and pain in the limbs, with normal neurological examination, except for diffusely absent deep tendon reflexes. Muscle biopsy samples showed multiple noncaseating granulomas, most prominent around the intramuscular nerves, with predominance of CD4+ cells. Intramuscular nerve bundles surrounded by granulomas were immunolabelled with laminin α1, α2, β1 and γ1 chain, and collagen IV. Sural nerve biopsy samples were normal. This patient showed a unique histopathological pattern of sarcoid neuromyopathy characterized by distribution of granulomas or infiltrating cells around intramuscular nerve fibers. The clinical picture, restricted to nonspecific symptoms of fatigue and myalgia, and loss of deep tendon reflexes, correlated well with the selective localization of sarcoid lesions in contiguity with the intramuscular nerves. To our knowledge, this peculiar clinico-pathological correlation has not been reported previously.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050822
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An immunohistochemical study of the ontogeny of the neuroendocrine system in the chicken oesophagus (1998)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 197 (1998), S. 283-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Avian gut ; Immunohistochemistry ; Endocrine cells ; Regulatory peptides ; Intrinsic nervous system
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  The ontogenesis and distribution of serotonin-, chromogranin A-, chromogranin B-, galanin-, neurotensin-, bombesin- and neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive elements were studied in the chicken oesophagus during pre- and post-hatching life. Unlike positive nerve elements, that were present in pre- and post-hatching life, positive endocrine cells were observed only during embryonic life in the oesophageal epithelium. The first endocrine cells, immunoreactive for serotonin and chromogranins, appeared on day 12, in the cervical and thoracic portions of the oesophagus. At the same age, but only in its distal portion, a few bombesin- and neurotensin-immunoreactive cells also appeared. The number of the endocrine cells progressively increased, reaching a maximum on day 15. They then decreased, with a cranio-caudal progression, until they disappeared a few days after hatching. Almost all the serotonin-immunoreactive cells but only a subpopulation of bombesin- and neurotensin-immunoreactive cells colocalized chromogranins. About half of this subpopulation also colocalized serotonin. All these cells reacted positively with Grimelius argyrophile stain. The mucosa of the crop never contained positive endocrine cells. Positive nervous elements appeared first in the wall of the terminal oesophagus and only one or two days later in the proximal oesophagus including the crop. Nervous elements immunoreactive for galanin first appeared from days 6 to 7, for neurotensin from days 7 to 8, for neuropeptide Y from 13 to 15 and for bombesin from 15 to 18. At day 15 galanin-immunoreactive ganglionic cells and fibres occupied both the myenteric and submucous plexus and galanin-positive nerve fibres could be seen throughout the oesophageal wall from the adventitia to a thin subepithelial network. Neurotensin- and neuropeptide Y-immunopositive ganglionic cells and fibres, by contrast, invariably occupied the muscular and submucous layers. Scattered bombesin-immunoreactive ganglionic cells were observed only in the myenteric plexus. The number of positive nerve elements progressively increased until some weeks after birth. Density and intensity were always much higher for galanin and neurotensin than for neuropeptide Y and bombesin.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050138
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lectin binding patterns in the vomeronasal organ and accessory olfactory bulb of the rat (1998)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 198 (1998), S. 331-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Accessory olfactory bulb ; Vomeronasal epithelium ; Vomeronasal nerves ; Glycoproteins ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  A number of previous studies have indicated that lectin histochemistry is an obvious choice for characterizing the vomeronasal system. However, apparently inconsistent results have been obtained: notably, the affinity with which various lectins bind to the accessory olfactory bulb varies among taxa, even considering closely related species. In the present study, the binding patterns of seven lectins in the rat accessory olfactory bulb, vomeronasal nerves and vomeronasal duct were investigated. The Bandeiraea simplicifolia lectin bound exclusively to the vomeronasal nerve and glomerular layers of the accessory olfactory bulb, while the Ulex europeus and Lycopersicon esculentum lectins bound to these regions and additionally to the nerve and glomerular layers of the main olfactory bulb. Soybean agglutinin showed a similar pattern to that obtained with the Ulex europeus and Lycopersicon esculentum lectins, though it also faintly labelled other parts of the structures examined. The Vicia villosa and Erythrina cristagalli lectins were not specific for the vomeronasal system, since they labelled grey and white matters in structures including the lateral olfactory tract and the anterior olfactory nuclei. The Dolichos biflorus lectin did not bind to vomeronasal tissues. The observed patterns of binding in the accessory olfactory bulb were consistent with those observed in the vomeronasal nerves, but unlike those observed in the epithelium of the vomeronasal duct. This latter result probably reflects binding of lectins to sugar residues contained in secreted mucus rather than those in epithelial nerve endings.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050188
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Light and electron microscopic studies of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) – immunoreactive neurons in the enteric nervous system of rat small and large intestine (1998)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 198 (1998), S. 341-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) ; Small intestine ; Large intestine ; Enteric nervous system ; Rat ; Immunohistochemistry ; Synapse
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP)-immunoreactive (IR) neurons in the myenteric and submucosal plexus of the rat small and large intestine were examined by immunostaining with purified polyclonal antiserum against PACAP (1–15), using both light and electron microscopy. Many PACAP-IR neuronal cell bodies and fibers were found in the myenteric and submucosal plexus. Many of the PACAP-IR fibers originated from the cell bodies of the myenteric and submucosal ganglia. The ganglia were also innervated by PACAP-IR fibers. PACAP-IR fibers penetrated both the circular and longitudinal muscle layers, confirming the previous observations indicating that PACAP neurons act as motor neurons. Ultrastructural study demonstrated that PACAP-IR nerve terminals formed synaptic contacts with PACAP-IR nerve cell bodies or dendritic processes. This observation suggests that PACAP-IR neurons innervate other PACAP-IR neurons, and that PACAP neurons work as interneurons in the enteric nervous system. PACAP-IR nerve cells received not only PACAP-positive nerve terminal input also PACAP-negative nerve terminal input. It also suggests that PACAP neurons are regulated not only by PACAP-IR enteric neurons, but also by neurons originating elsewhere. Our observations support the view that PACAP-IR neurons are involved in the control of gut motility.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050189
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Skein-like inclusions in the neostriatum from a case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with dementia (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 96 (1998), S. 541-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Ubiquitin ; Inclusion body ; Neostriatum ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Skeins or skein-like inclusions (SLIs) in motor neurons detected by ubiquitin immunohistochemistry are a characteristic finding of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here we report ubiquitinated SLIs in the putamen and caudate nucleus from a case of ALS with dementia. A 48-year-old Japanese man developed apathy and amimia. Mental and neurological examinations revealed severe character change, muscle atrophy and fasciculation of the distal upper extremities and the tongue, and an exaggeration of the deep tendon reflex. He subsequently showed dysphagia and dysarthria. He died at the age of 51 years, after a total clinical course of about 2.5 years. By immunohistochemistry, ubiquitin-immunoreactive intraneuronal inclusions were observed in the spinal anterior horn cells, the frontal, temporal and entorhinal cortices, dentate fascia of the hippocampus and the amygdala. In addition, ubiquitinated inclusions were also seen in the putamen and caudate nucleus, which appeared as aggregates of thread-like structures similar to SLIs in the spinal anterior horn neurons. They were not seen on hematoxylin-eosin staining, and they also did not show any argentophilia nor did they react with other antibodies, including antibody against tau protein. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of SLIs in non-motor neurons. Our results thus support the notion that ALS is a multisystem disease, and not simply a disease of the motor neurons.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050932
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hereditary dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy: detection of widespread ubiquitinated neuronal and glial intranuclear inclusions in the brain (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 96 (1998), S. 547-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy ; Nuclear inclusion ; Ubiquitin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We examined the brains and spinal cords of seven patients with clinicopathologically and genetically confirmed hereditary dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) using an antibody against ubiquitin, and found small, round immunoreactive intranuclear inclusions in both neurons and glial cells in various brain regions. Ubiquitinated neuronal intranuclear inclusions (uNIIs) were consistently found in the striatum, the pontine nuclei, the inferior olivary complex, the cerebellar cortex and the dentate nucleus. Ubiquitinated glial intranuclear inclusions (uGIIs) were found less frequently than uNIIs. Most of the inclusion-bearing nuclei were of an astrocytic nature. Immunostaining with an antibody against DRPLA protein revealed similar immunoreactive neuronal and glial intranuclear inclusions, but in much smaller in numbers compared with uNIIs and uGIIs. Electron microscopy showed that such inclusions were composed of granular and filamentous structures. These findings strongly suggest that, in DRPLA, the occurrence of uNIIs and uGIIs is directly related to the causative gene abnormality (an expanded CAG repeat encoding polyglutamine), that neurons are affected much more widely than previously recognized and that glial cells are also involved in the disease process.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050933
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Amyloid angiopathy of the human brain: immunohistochemical studies using markers for components of extracellular matrix, smooth muscle actin and endothelial cells (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 96 (1998), S. 558-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Amyloid angiopathy ; Alzheimer’s disease ; Extracellular matrix ; Immunohistochemistry ; Microangiopathy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Cerebral amyloid angiopathies comprise a heterogeneous group of conditions characterised by amyloid deposition in leptomeningeal and cortical vessels. We have studied the deposition of extracellular matrix components in such vessels from controls and ten cases with marked amyloid angiopathy. Arterial vessels which were heavily loaded with amyloid often showed lack of immunostaining to collagen type I, III, V and VI in the amyloid-containing parts of the vessel wall but some immunoreactivity remained in the adventitia. The subintimal region of some arterioles presented a faint staining with collagen V and collagen VI antisera. Immunostaining to collagen IV and laminin revealed normal reactivity in the vascular basal lamina and frequently remaining activity in the media. Immunostaining for actin showed a complete or partial loss of reactivity in the amyloid-containing parts of the media but often there was a thin line of staining at the position of pericytes. The endothelial markers did not reveal any changes compared with controls. In other cerebral microangiopathies, for instance Binswanger’s leukoencephalopathy, CADASIL and cases presenting hyalinosis there is a deposition of fibrillary collagens in the wall of afflicted microvessels. Degeneration of smooth muscle cells and absence of marked fibrosis in some of the arterial vessels in cases of amyloid angiopathy may explain why such vessels are susceptible to ruptures and haemorrhages.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050935
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hyperglycemic exacerbation of neuronal damage following forebrain ischemia: microglial, astrocytic and endothelial alterations (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 96 (1998), S. 610-620 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Glucose ; Selective vulnerability ; Isolectin ; Glial fibrillary acidic protein ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We undertook a detailed characterization of the cellular responses to acute global cerebral ischemia complicated by hyperglycemia. Anesthetized, physiologically monitored male Wistar rats received 12.5 min of global forebrain ischemia by bilateral common carotid artery occlusions plus hemorrhagic hypotension to 45 mm Hg. Cranial temperature was maintained at normothermic levels. Hyperglycemic animals received dextrose (2.5 ml of a 25% solution, intraperitoneally) prior to ischemia; this doubled the mean plasma glucose concentration to 296 mg/100 ml. At 3 days (n = 10) or 24 h (n = 4) after ischemia, brains were perfusion-fixed and paraffin-embedded for light microscopic histopathology and for the histochemical visualization of activated microglia and the immunocytochemical visualization of glial fibrillary acid protein. Normal-neuron counts in the vulnerable hippocampal CA1 sector of hyperglycemic-ischemic (HI) rats were reduced to one-third the number observed in normoglycemic-ischemic (NI) animals. Ischemic cell counts in the striatum were increased fivefold or more in HI compared to NI rats, and normal small-neuron counts were reduced by two-thirds. The neocortex and striatum of NI rats showed only mild damage, while the majority of HI rats had extensive lesions, and several showed large cortical, striatal or thalamic infarcts. In addition, widespread cortical ischemic neuronal changes were evident in HI animals. No endothelial alterations were present in NI rats. By contrast, HI rats showed prominent peri- and intravascular polymorphonuclear and monocytic accumulation evident at 24 h; frequent white cell thrombi in pial arterioles on day 3; and thickening of vascular endothelium, with foci of parenchymal rarefaction or microinfarction adjacent to occluded vessels. Prominent microglial activation, often along the course of penetrating blood vessels, was common in the striatum and neocortex of HI animals but was much less extensive in the NI group. Activated microglia in HI rats were typically hypertrophic and amoeboid. These results suggest that the detrimental influence of hyperglycemia in ischemia is initially mediated by an action on vascular endothelium, which in turn leads to widespread foci of infarction and neuronal loss.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050942
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Apoptotic cell death induced by local brain hyperthermia in a rat glioma model (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 96 (1998), S. 351-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Apoptosis ; Hyperthermia ; Glioma ; Rat ; c-Jun
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Hyperthermia has been shown to inhibit glioma growth both in vitro and in vivo, and has been reported to induce apoptosis of a variety of cells. We investigated the role of apoptosis in tumor cell death following hyperthermia in a rat glioma model representing human glioblastoma. Apoptotic cell death was evaluated by terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) and hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining. We also examined c-Jun expression immunohistochemically. Apoptotic cell death in rat brain tumors that grew after implantation of C6 glioma cells showed regional differences. In all rats, apoptotic cells, characterized by extreme chromatin condensation and fragmented nuclei with apoptotic bodies in H & E-stained sections, were observed in the gliomas’ necrotic cores. TUNEL-positive cells were observed in the border zones between necrotic and vital tumor cells. Before hyperthermia, TUNEL-positive cells were sporadically distributed in the vital tumor tissue. After hyperthermia, the number of TUNEL-positive cells in the peripheral region of the tumor mass increased significantly, reached a peak after 6 h and returned to the basal level within 24 h (P 〈 0.01). C-Jun protein immunoreactivity was not observed in the cells at the tumor periphery. These data indicate that significantly apoptotic cell death unrelated to c-Jun expression occurs after hyperthermia, and that this form of cell death may be the mechanism of tumor regression following hyperthermia treatment of intracranial gliomas.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050905
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Behaviour of spermatogonia following recovery from busulfan treatment in the rat (1998)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 198 (1998), S. 53-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Regenerating spermatogonia ; Asymmetric divisions ; Cytoplasmic bridges ; Busulfan ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  This study describes the morphological behaviour of spermatogonia following recovery from two doses of busulfan treatment in the rat. Twenty days after the second intraperitoneal injection of busulfan, the testes lost most of their spermatogenic cells and there were fewer dispersed singly surviving spermatogonia. These surviving cells were in close contact with the basal portions of adjacent Sertoli cells and the shrunken basal lamina, and were the source for repopulating the depleted seminiferous epithelium. During the initial stage of repopulation (48 days later), surviving spermatogonia underwent a phase of active proliferation: type A spermatogonia underwent symmetric and asymmetric divisions; type B spermatogonia underwent asynchronous differentiation. At day 96, normal spermatogenesis was fully recovered in many seminiferous tubules, represented by 80% of the rats regaining various degrees of fertility at day 120. These data provide an additional model for the study of self-renewal of stem spermatogonia and suggest that the asymmetric division of type A spermatogonia and their close contact with both the basal lamina and the Sertoli cells may be involved in regulating the number of stem spermatogonia and the delicate process of normal spermatogenesis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050164
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Age-related changes in the articular cartilage of human sacroiliac joint (1998)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 198 (1998), S. 505-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Extracellular matrix ; Aging ; Immunohistochemistry ; Collagen ; Cartilage degeneration
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Iliac and sacral articular cartilage of 25 human sacroiliac joints (1–93 years) are examined by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry in order to gain further insight into the nature and progress of degenerative changes appearing during aging. These changes can already be seen in younger adults as compared to cartilage degeneration known in other diarthrodial joints. Structural differences between sacral and iliac cartilage can already be observed in the infant: the sacral auricular facet is covered with a hyaline articular cartilage, reaching 4 mm in thickness in the adult and staining intensely blue with alcian blue at pH1. Iliac cartilage of the newborn is composed of a dense fibrillar network of thick collagen bundles, crossing each other at approximately right angles. A faint staining with alcian blue suggests a low content of acidic glycosaminoglycans. In the adult, iliac cartilage becomes hyaline and its maximal thickness reaches 1–2 mm. Both articular facets exhibit morphological changes during aging that are more pronounced in the iliac cartilage and resemble osteoarthritic degeneration; the staining pattern of the extracellular matrix becomes inhomogenous, chondrocytes are arranged in clusters and the articular surface develops superficial irregularities and fissures. Sometimes fibrous tissue fills up these defects. Nevertheless, large areas of iliac cartilage remain hyaline in nature. Sacral articular cartilage often remains largely unaltered until old age. The sacral subchondral bone plate is usually thin and shows spongiosa trabeculae inserted at right angles, suggesting a perpendicular load on the articular facet. Iliac subchondral spongiosa shows no definite alignment and joins the thickened subchondral bone plate in an oblique direction. The iliac cartilage therefore seems to be stressed predominantly by shearing forces, arising from the changing monopodal support of the pelvis during locomotion. The subchondral bone plate on both the iliac and sacral auricular facet is penetrated by blood vessels that come into close contact with the overlying articular cartilage. These vessels may contribute to the high incidence of rheumatoid and inflammatory diseases in the human sacroiliac joint. Immunolabelling with an antibody against type II collagen reveals a diminished immunoreactivity in the upper half of adult sacral cartilage and only a faint and irregular labelling in the iliac cartilage. Type I collagen can be detected in a superficial layer on the sacral articular surface and around chondrocyte clusters in iliac cartilage, as in dedifferentiating chondrocytes during the development of osteoarthritis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050200
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