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  • 1970-1974  (428)
  • 1935-1939
  • 1890-1899
  • 1972  (428)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (428)
Materialart
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 1970-1974  (428)
  • 1935-1939
  • 1890-1899
Jahr
  • 101
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 597-602 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Explants of human adipose tissue were incubated in Parker's medium 199 and the rates of glucose incorporation into the lipids and release of glycerol determined. Both of these parameters increased in a linear fashion for about seven to eight days. After this period of time there was a decrease in the metabolic rates of explants with a mean cell size larger than about 90-95 μm. The incorporation of glucose into the lipids was mainly recovered in the glycerol moiety of the triglycerides. Cellular enlargement was associated with an increase in glucose incorporation as well as glycerol release, i.e., an increased turnover of the glyceride-glycerol. Addition of insulin increased the incorporation of label into the lipids. The stimulatory effect of a single dose of insulin was pronounced for two days and was only slightly discernible after 14 days. Addition of the enzyme inhibitor iodoacetate at a concentration of 10-4 M reduced the incorporation of glucose to about 5% of the controls. The method of tissue culture used in the present investigation may be a useful tool for metabolic as well as morphologic studies of human adipose tissue in vitro.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 102
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Changes in the ependymal surfaces of the floor of the third ventricle and lateral recess have been studied in male rats by electron microscopy after the intraventricular administration of epinephrine or dopamine. In control rats the floor of the third ventricle has essentially a smooth contour interrupted only by occasional bleb-like protrusions or microvilli. In the floor of the lateral recess this surface gradually becomes more irregular due to the appearance of increased surface modifications. A further increase in the number of complexly-folded microvilli, pinocytotic vacuoles and coated vesicles occurs on the epen-dymal surface of the roof of the lateral recess and adjacent ependyma. These morphological findings are consistent with the concept that the ependymal cells of the lateral recess may serve as important sites for the absorption of materials from the CSF.Increased numbers of bleb-like protrusions were observed on the ependymal surface of the floor of the third ventricle five minutes after the intraventricular administration of either epinephrine or dopamine. The ependymal surface of the roof of the lateral recess also showed bleb-like protrusions and a complexly-folded microvillus border. Fifteen minutes after either the epinephrine or dopa-mine administration all of the ependymal surfaces studied appeared as in control rats. The increase in bleb-like protrusions noted in the floor of the third ventricle after the injection of epinephrine or dopamine are suggestive of a secretory process rather than a manifestation of an absorptive function in this region.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 103
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The shearing strength of single human osteons has been investigated using a microtesting machine equipped with a microwave micrometer. The results Were related to the degree of calcification and the orientation of collagen fiber bundles in successive lamellae of the osteons. The following conclusions were made: (1) Osteons having a marked longitudinal spiral course of fiber bundles in successive lamellae are least able to support shearing stress. This suggests that in the other types of osteon the compactness of bone is strengthened by the lamellae having marked transversal spiral course of the fiber bundles. (2)Ultimate shearing strength and modulus of elasticity of osteons increase as calcification proceeds. (3) The shearing strength of single osteons is markedly lower than the tensile and compressive strength for samples of the same type. (4) In osteons loaded along their axis the range of elastic deformation is barely more than 1% of the length of the sample. (5) With the technical procedure used in this investigation the shearing of osteons appears to be preferentially related to the lamellar structure. In osteons loaded excentrically the portions which have slipped out have a rather irregular shape and in many cases one or two fractures occur. (6) The resistance to shearing of the cementing substance at the boundaries of the osteon may be greater than the resistance of the osteon itself.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 104
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 581-587 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: To label circulating blood mononuclear cells, adult male mice were given multiple injections of tritiated thymidine on the day prior to transection of the right sciatic nerve. These animals and uninjured controls that received a similar sequence of tritiated thymidine injections were sacrificed at intervals up to 64 days following the injury. In the dorsal root ganglia associated with the injured sciatic nerves there were more satellite cells per neuron at all time intervals after the first day than were in the ganglia from the uninjured nerves. The percentage of satellite cells that were labeled was also higher in the ganglia from the injured nerves at all times after injury except the first day. Because no tritiated thymidine should have been available at the time of injury or afterward to label cells proliferating in response to the injury, most of the labeled cells in these ganglia must have been cells labeled before the injury or must be derived from such cells through division. The only large population of labeled cells available to the ganglion was that of the labeled blood mononuclear leucocytes, and the increase in number of labeled cells in the injured ganglia is attributed to infiltration of these cells.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 105
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 623-642 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The fine structural appearance of Z-disk lattices in vertebrate skeletal “fast” muscle varies depending upon whether osmium or glutaraldehyde has been employed as the primary fixative. Prior investigators have attributed the differences to change in the extent of actin filament overlap within the Z-disk and/or to rearrangement of Z-disk filaments.Adult frog and young newt “fast” muscle has been studied under various degrees of stretch, with several different aldehyde and osmium fixation procedures, and after plastic section digestion techniques utilizing Pronase or pepsin. Serial cross sections of Z-disks were correlated with oriented cross and longitudinal sections. Fixation with collidine-buffered osmium and veronal acetate-buffered glutaraldehyde seems to provide the greatest and most distinctly contrasting differences. A consistently arranged phase, the filamentous lattice, can be discerned after either fixation. However, a second phase, termed “Z-disk matrix,” appears variable, perhaps due to extraction during primary osmium fixation procedures. Glutaraldehyde-fixed frog muscle Z-disks display a copious matrix, one which is seldom totally depleted by osmium fixation. In young newt muscle Z-disks, little matrix is present after glutaraldehyde fixation and none of it remains after primary osmium. In Z-disks fixed by either method, matrix that is retained appears to be deposited in lattice-like patterns. It is suggested that these matrix patterns, or their loss, are the basis for the varying images of Z-disks observed under diferent fixation conditions and that the filamentous lattice is relatively stable. The Z-disk is more rapidly obliterated by Pronase or pepsin digestion than is any other muscle component, including actin (which appears notably unreactive). The rapid digestion effect is limited to the region postulated to include the matrix phase. Models for the structural interrelationship of filamentous and matrix phases are discussed and compared to prior Z-disk models.
    Zusätzliches Material: 17 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 106
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 651-657 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Inclusion bodies observed by light microscopy in the superficial epithelial cells of the urinary bladder of the rhesus monkey have been examined by electron microscopy. The inclusions varied from focal aggregates of fibrils in their least differentiated form to mature, paranuclear inclusion bodies 3 × 5 μ in size composed of orderly arranged fibrillar structures. The fibrils comprising the inclusions were indistinguishable from cytoplasmic tonofilaments. The significance of the inclusions remains obscure in the absence of known physiologic alteration.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 107
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: In Tadarida, the diffuse endotheliodichorial placenta is established over the parietal area of the uterus and is prominent, for an extended period of time during midgestation, both prior to and during the development of the definitive discoidal structure. A transitory yolk sac placenta precedes the establishment of the diffuse placenta. The tissues of the yolk sac are displaced from the trophoblast through collapse, and by the advance of the allantoic mesoderm. Allantoic vessels infiltrate the cords of cellular trophoblast that extend into the syncytium that, in turn, has penetrated deeply into the maternal endometrium. The syncytium progressively phagocytizes the maternal tissues, leaving the superficial maternal blood vessels and attendant pericytes intact, but destroys many of the deeper maternal vessels. Several morphological changes occur in the pericytes during the period that the superficial maternal capillaries retain their integrity, suggesting that they play an important role in maintaining these vessels which are eventually destroyed also.The cytotrophoblast is the most undifferentiated cell type throughout gestation. The syncytium, on the other hand, contains a large array of organelles that vary in concentration from one area to another within this tissue. Particular attention was paid to cytoplasmic structures potentially related to transport phenomena. Among those described are (1) coated vesicles and tubules in the syncytium at its interface with the cellular trophoblast, (2) microvilli extending from the cytotrophoblast into the syncytium some of which contained lines of pinocytotic vesicles, (3) coated vesicles along the plasma membrane of the syncytium toward the maternal tissues, and (4) pinocytotic vesicles associated with the endothelium of both the allantoic and maternal blood vessels.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 108
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 543-549 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Five adult monkeys (Macaca mulatta) having an average weight of 3.4 kg were analyzed for the overall skeletal contents of water, fat, nonfatty organic fraction, volatile inorganic fraction and ash. Volumes of bone and marrow for each skeletal region were calculated according to an earlier method used in the study of the dog and rabbit (Gong and Arnold, '65; Gong and Reis, 1970). A shortcut method for calculating marrow volume and fresh volumes of trabecu-lar and cortical bone using only two variables, the ash volume (or mass) and the fresh volume of the skeletal region, was also shown. It was found that the marrow constituted approximately 50.7% of the overall skeletal volume. Comparison of the composition of the marrow in the long bone and flat bone regions of the skeleton showed that the general distribution of the various components in these regions was similar to those found in the dog and rabbit; namely, a relatively high fat content in the long bone marrow and relatively high nonfatty organic and water contents in the flat bone marrow.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 109
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 529-541 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Trypsin-separated epithelia and mesenchyme were prepared from the following urogenital and integumental tissues of embryonic mice: seminal vesicle, urogenital sinus, preputial gland, and back, snout, and plantar surface foot plate skin. These components were rejoined in control (homotypic) and experimental (heterotypic) recombinants and were subsequently grown for one to three weeks as intraocular grafts to adult male hosts. Grafts of intact rudiments provided additional control data.In heterotypic recombinants composed of urogenital epithelia (urogenital sinus or seminal vesicle) and integumental mesenchyme (back, snout, or plantar), the epithelium responded as if androgens were absent, i.e., urogenital sinus epithelium formed a keratinized structure, while seminal vesicle epithelium developed into a small tubule of columnar epithelium. On the other hand, plastic integumental epithelia (snout or plantar) was transformed by urogenital mesenchyme of the urogenital sinus or seminal vesicle into a glandular epithelium characteristic of the mesenchymal source. Similarly, the normally glandular preputial gland epithelium could be induced to form keratinized, hair-bearing skin by back and snout skin dermis, and although preputial gland mesenchyme did not manifest inductive properties when associated with integumental mesenchyme, it was able to participate in typical skin differentiation.These data demonstrate (1) the importance of the mesenchyme in mediating epithelial response to androgens, (2) the stability of urogenital epithelia, (3) the plasticity of integumental epithelia, and (4) the inductive properties of urogenital and integumental mesenchyme.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 110
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 603-621 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The stomach of the suckling echidna is lined by a tall columnar epithelium that is bounded basally by a delicate basement membrane. Adjacent cells are held in close apposition by tight junctions near the apex and by extensive implications of the remaining lateral surfaces. The basal cell surface is smooth and without apparent specialization. The lining epithelium is characterized by an abundance of mitochondria and a relative paucity of other organelles. Scattered argentaffin cells extend between the bases of the gastric lining cells and rest upon the luminal side of the basement membrane.Absorptive cells lining the small intestine of the suckling echidna exhibit in-vaginations of the apical plasma membrane which branch and anastomose, forming a dense network of tubules in the apical cytoplasm. Adjacent to this network is a series of small vacuoles of varying diameters which come into direct relation with a single, large, supranuclear vacuole. The vacuolar system contains both a fine granular substance and clusters of a flocculent amorphous material thought to be of a proteinaceous nature. The surrounding cytoplasm contains numerous profiles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, several Golgi systems, and a relative abundance of mitochondria. Clusters of homogeneous droplets are found in the cytoplasm and in the intercellular space.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 111
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 659-667 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Through the application of histological and histochemical techniques, this study demonstrates that the ossification process of the mandibular condyle differs basically from that of other endochondral growth sites. In the epiphyseal plate of a typical long bone, the cartilage cells are known to undergo degenerative processes and death. In the mandibular condyle, however, the cartilage cells keep their vitality throughout the cartilage zones. In the lower border of the calcified cartilage, adjacent hypertrophic cartilage cells fuse after the dissolution of the intervening matrix to form multinuclear chondroclasts. These giant cells reveal marked positive reaction to mitochondrial and lysosomal enzymes. It is suggested that these enzymes are active in the resorption process of the calcified cartilage matrix, which is an integral phase of the ossification mechanism of the condylar growth center. It is believed that the mandibular condyle of the mouse demonstrates a specific type of endochondral ossification, in which the hypertrophic chondrocytes are not dying cells, but contribute actively to the process of bone formation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 112
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Electromyographic activity of the bulbocavernosus (BC), ischiocavernosus (IC), and ischiourethral (IU) muscles was recorded during copulation in male dogs to examine the role of these muscles in the vascular engorgement process as related to the mechanisms responsible for initiating and maintaining the genital lock. In other dogs the IU muscle was severed to ascertain the influence this would have on the genital lock. No particular function in the engorgement process could be assigned to the IC muscle. Recordings from the BC muscle are consistent with the suggestion that rhythmic contraction of this muscle plays a role in pumping blood from the proximal parts of the corpus spongiosum into more distal parts of this cavernous erectile body. This would facilitate rapid engorgement of the bulbus glandis which is the structure that locks the dogs together. Recordings from the IU muscle reveal that this muscle contracts tonically just after intromission apparently also facilitating erection of the bulb by occluding venous return. Section of this muscle prevented engorgement of the bulb and eliminated the genital lock.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 113
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 57-67 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A combination of two developmental abnormalities never described before, a nodule of adrenal cortical tissue and some severely stunted sex cords, in the right testis of a four-month-old human fetus are described in detail. In the left testis a few abnormal cords were found but no adrenal tissue was seen. The possible origin of the abnormalities is discussed. It is suggested on circumstantial evidence that the ectopic adrenal cortex migrated into the testis near the end of the period during which the pattern of sex cords becomes established (around day 40 ?) and began exerting an inhibiting influence on the development of the sex cords as soon as endocrine function began, probably somewhat before the end of the third month. This influence probably did not last long.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 114
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 69-77 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: First molar tooth germs consisting of dental organ, dental papilla and dental follicle were dissected from one-day old mice and transplanted subcutaneously into young adult animals of the same strain. Three to four weeks after implantation the host animals were sacrificed and the transplants harvested. The transplants were prepared for either routine histological examination or for electron microscopy. Forty tooth germs continued development with the formation of a periodontium consisting of cement, periodontal ligament and bone. Electron microscopical examination of this material demonstrated the presence of lymphocytes in association with the subcutaneous bone and thereby suggested the origin of the bone from donor tissue.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 115
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 123-126 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Electron microscopical examination of thin sections of guinea pig and rabbit bone marrow indicates that nuclei of their normoblasts undergo constriction during their expulsion.Late erythroblasts in bone marrow of adult rabbits and guinea pigs were often seen surrounded by cytoplasmic protrusions of macrophages. No such contact was observed between macrophages and erythroblasts that were expelling their nuclei in the lumen of blood sinuses of rabbit bone marrow. It is concluded that macrophages are not necessary for nuclear expulsion.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 116
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The hormonal basis of the ‘fatted’ phenomenon in squirrel monkeys was investigated by gonadectomy and androgen treatment of adult males and females. Significant correlations were found between testis weight and body weight and between testis weight and the sharp reductions in body weight that occurred following gonadectomy. of the males. Females lost little, if any weight, following gonadectomy. Androgen treatment of male castrates resulted in increased body size, weight and physical appearance, closely approximating the condition reported to occur in normal males during the mating season. Female castrates responded to androgen treatment with an analogous development of‘fattedness.’ The data suggest that the ‘fatted’ condition observed seasonally in the field is regulated by fluctuations in endogenous androgen levels of males and that females share that characteristic responsiveness to androgen.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 117
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 213-219 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Capillaries of the skin have been thought to be of a nonfenestrated type according to studies of previous investigators. However, the present study revealed that fenestrations exist in the endothelium of cutaneous vessels. Capillary fenestrations are numerous in the human finger and the mouse sole and are moderately frequent in the guinea pig sole and ear. In the skin of the human chest, however, they are rarely encountered. Sometimes, endothelial fenestrations are encountered in venules as well.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 118
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Cell renewal in specific uterine tissues was studied by autoradiography in thymidine treated and thymidine, colchicine treated hamsters. All cell types were found to replicate DNA and to divide during the estrous cycle. However, tissue types differed in the extent of cell renewal and in the time during the cycle when maximal turnover occurred. Peak DNA replication by uterine epithelium, the most active tissue, occurred during the afternoon of the second day of diestrus. Connective tissue was the second most active cell type in DNA renewal; while connective tissue cells of the myometrium incorporated thymidine at a rather constant level throughout the cycle, those of the endometrium (stroma) fluctuated during the estrous cycle with peak labeling activity being found during the morning of the second day of diestrus. A few smooth muscle cells replicated DNA during proestrus but no labeled muscle cells were observed during the other stages of the cycle.The extent of renewal of the different cell types in the hamster uterus during the estrous cycle is greater than that which has been reported in the rat. This difference may be due to timing of necropsy rather than to a species variation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 119
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The fine structure of the epldidymal epithelium of the rat was studied at intervals up to nine months after bilateral vasectomy, unilateral vasectomy, or a bilateral sham operation. Membranous material accumulated in the cytoplasm of the ‘light’ cells of the cauda epididymidis in greater amounts after bilateral vasectomy than following a sham operation. The membranes were found in apical vacuoles, in moderately dense membrane-bounded bodies in the mid-region of the cells, and, most prominently, in large infranuclear masses. These large infranuclear membranous masses had a polymorphic interior composed of granules and amorphous material as well as membranes, and thus morphologically resembled large lysosomes or residual bodies. In some instances readily dentifiable parts of sperm were found in apical vacuoles of epithelial cells after vasectomy. It is suggested that these changes may reflect the absorption of parts of sperm by the epithelium of the cauda epididymidis after vasectomy. The nature of the ‘light’ cells is discussed, and the results are compared with alterations in other species after vasectomy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 120
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 341-351 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The cycle of the seminiferous epithelium of the dog was divided into eight stages, using as criteria the shape of the spermatid nucleus, the location of spermatids and spermatozoa in regard to the basement membrane, the presence of meiotic figures and the release of spermatozoa from the lumen of the tubule. Based upon these criteria, a modification of the eight-stage system of classification of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium was developed. Cell populations making up each stage are described. The relative frequencies of stages 1 through 8 were 21.9, 12.7, 2.8, 11.5, 8.3, 15.4, 13.3 and 14.0%, respectively. The duration of one cycle of the seminiferous epithelium was 13.6 days (SE ± 0.7), as determined from cells labeled by tritiated thymidine. The absolute durations of stages 1 through 8 were 3.0, 1.7, 0.4, 1.6, 1.1, 2.1, 1.8 and 1.9 days, respectively. The life span of primary spermatocytes was 20.9 days, of secondary spermatocytes 0.5 days, spermatids with round nuclei 10.5 days, spermatids with elongated nuclei up to the time they are released into the lumen, 10.6 days. Counts of the different types of spermatogenic cells in tubular cross sections revealed little or no germ cell degeneration during the two maturation divisions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 121
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Living peripheral nerves immersed in ruthenium red-Ringer solution in vivo or in vitro and subsequently fixed for electron microscopy reveal dye in the axon and myelin-Schwann sheath. There is rapid penetration into the agranular reticulum of the axon first at the node of Ranvier and later in the internodal region. Dye is also sequestered in the Schwann cell body, Schmidt-Lanterman cleft and adaxonal and paranodal Schwann cytoplasm. Moreover, dye is deposited in the major electron dense line of the myelin wrapping.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 122
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The osteons of mature female rabbits injected with estradiol valerate, parathyroid extract, or a combination of both were studied. Two, 1 mg injections of estradiol valerate (Delestrogen®) given in a one week period stimulated osteoid production on the inside of the lacunar borders of osteocytes but had little effect on osteoid production along the perimeter of the Haversian canal. Parathyroid hormone induced osteolysis after two weeks of treatments, with little apparent increase in osteoclast numbers. Parathyroid extract treatment for one week followed by estradiol valerate treatment in combination with parathyroid extract treatment the second week induced osteoid formation along both lacunar borders and Haversian canal perimeters. This evidence shows that estrogen can stimulate osteoid production and is not limited to inhibition of bone resorption. Increased osteoid production along the perimeter of the Haversian canal in dual-treated rabbits implies an interaction between estrogen and parathyroid hormone.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 123
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The role that catecholamines play in presympathetic embryogenesis is relatively unknown. All catecholamine-producing cells develop both the enzymes needed for catecholamine synthesis and an amine pump for the uptake of extraneous catecholamines. This investigation was undertaken to define areas which are able to produce and store catecholamines in the presympathetic chick embryo. Embryonic chicks between two and four days of incubation (stages 11 to 23) were incubated in a medium containing norepinephrine, dopa or dopa with cocaine, and treated for fluorescence according to the method of Falck and Owman. Norepinephrine uptake was considered to be evidence of the presence of an amine pump. The conversion of dopa, a nonfluorescent precursor of dopamine, to dopamine which is fluorescent was considered to be an indication that the enzyme dopa decarboxylase was present. Cocaine, an amine pump inhibitor, applied simultaneously with dopa would prevent dopamine synthesized in one site from entering other cells. It was found that the notochord was intensely fluorescent in the presence of norepinephrine. No other sites of norepinephrine uptake were seen. The notochord could also convert dopa to dopamine indicating the presence of dopa decarboxylase in notochordal cells. Similar results were obtained when cocaine was added to the incubation medium. It is concluded that the notochord is a possible site of catecholamine synthesis and storage in presympathetic chick embryos.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 124
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 21-37 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Hematic barriers were studied in femoral and sciatic nerves and their peripheral branches in male albino rabbits by means of fluorescence microscopy and ultra-freezing and drying technics. The fluorescent tracer used was a diaminoacridine, acriflavine neutral, which is non-toxic at the 20 mg/kg dose administered intravenously, has a low molecular weight (259.7), and has a unique quality of chemically binding in vivo with nuclear DNA and RNA. This latter property of acriflavine neutral permitted the observation of fluorescent nuclei where the substance penetrated and no fluorescence where it did not penetrate. The interface between the two regions was identified as a locus of a hematic barrier.Three hematic barrier loci were observed in spinal nerves and their branches: (1) in the plasma membranes of the cells forming inner lamellae of the “perineurial epithelium,” (2) in the luminal face of the plasma membrane of endothelialcellsforming the wall of endoneurial capillaries, and (3) in the “perineurial epithelial” sheath which surrounds endoneurial precapillaries. These barriers appeared to be dependent on normal living physiologic processes for their proper maintenance. In addition, they were very similar to some of the hematic barriers associated with the central nervous system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 125
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 157-164 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Tritiated digitonin of high specific activity has been incorporated into fixation of adult rat sciatic nerve. Electron microscope autoradiograms developed four to thirteen days after coating indicate highest concentration of label over or near myelin sheaths. Label is observed over areas of reasonable myelin preservation as well as in areas of artifact and membrane disruption. The technique is suggested for use as a means of fairly specific localization of free cholesterol in tissues. In addition, the activity of the isotope used permits visualization of autoradiograms after short exposure times.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 126
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 227-237 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Mast cells were detected in the brains of kangaroo rats, gerbils and albino rats. They were most numerous in diencephalic structures (leptomeninges, choroid plexuses, nuclei, tracts); moderately abundant in telencephalic and mesencephalic structures (leptomeninges, choroid plexuses, nuclei, tracts); and least plentiful in metencephalic and myelencephalic structures. They were not detected in the spinal cord. In all cases the mast cells were closely associated with the blood vessels in these regions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 127
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972) 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 128
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 311-324 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to explore the complex surface features of the ampullary structures in the vestibular apparatus of the pigeon. The depth perspective inherent in SEM microscopy enabled: 1. three-dimensional views of major ampullary structures such as the crista ampullaris, eminentia cruciata, and the planum semilunatum; 2. identification of a tongue-like structure, the “lingula,” that is part of the eminentia cruciata; 3. the observation that the base of the eminentia is a projection of the crista ampullaris and not a structural partition; and 4. evidence that the lingulae, together with the torus, partition the crista into two separate regions. Additionally, an examination was made of the surface topography of non-sensory cells in the membranous ampulla.The morphology of the cells and gross ampullary structures observed with SEM are compared to those obtained using light microscopy and where advantageous, complimentary light photomicrographs are presented.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 129
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 389-397 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A three dimensional reconstruction of the basal end of the rat incisor, together with analytical data attesting to the reproducibility of the method is presented. The size and shape of the tooth varies little from animal to animal, while the sizes of the functional compartments are much less uniform.The odontogenic sheath is divided into three zones: Proliferation, differentiation and apposition. The proliferative zone is subdivided into two segments: The basal segment which gives rise to ameloblasts shows the highest cell production; an anterior segment located around the pulp opening which will give rise to the part of the tooth covered by cementum and has a much lower cell production.Total cell production can be obtained only in transverse sections, while mid-sagittal sections can serve only for comparative purposes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 130
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: “Chronic” axon swellings were produced by applying a snug ligature around the sciatic nerve of rats by the fourteenth postnatal day, allowing the nerve to compress itself by its subsequent growth. The technique results in swelling of the entire myelinated fiber population proximal to the constriction, and in hypoplasia or arrested growth distal to it. “Chronic” axon swellings differed strikingly from the “reactive” axon swellings in the stumps of transected nerves in having normal or slightly below normal concentrations of axoplasmic organelles, including mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.Swelling of the axons was associated with attenuation of their sheaths having normal interperiod width but fewer turns of myelin lamellae than found in normal fibers of comparable calibers. Release of the compression resulted in rapid restitution of axon swellings; the excess axoplasm was drained from the fibers and the sheaths rapidly acquired normal thickness. The magnitude of all observed changes in the sheaths of swollen and of restituted fibers was consistent with a rearrangement of the existing turns of myelin lamellae without change in the total amount of myelin. The myelin sheath appears capable of adjusting to both increases or decreases in axon size by slippage of its lamellae.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 131
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A radiographic and histologic study of bat bones showed that there is a progressive loss of bone tissue during hibernation and abrupt reversal at arousal. Enhanced osteolysis accounted for the bone loss; osteoclasia was not observed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 132
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 149-155 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Fragments of liver were successfully transplanted to an ectopic site in the kidney cortex of the mouse. Survival was followed for varying periods of time. In some cases both syngeneic grafts and allogeneic grafts placed in mice previously made immunologically tolerant to the genotype of the donor were still alive one year later. However, extensive amounts of liver tissue would not survive, at the best, strips of about 30 cells thick grew, and various measures tried to promote an increase in this amount were not successful.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 133
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 109-125 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The fate of the granulated metrial cell was studied with the electron microscope. In the degenerating areas of the metrial gland the granulated metrial cells undergo necrosis. The granules of the lysed cells are enclosed by a limiting membrane and their contents appear unaltered. The observations indicate that after the granules are free, the limiting membrane is lost and the contents released into the tissue space. Phagocytic cells are apparently involved in clearing the area of cellular debris. Metrial granules are sometimes engulfed by the phagocytic cells. The “lipid bearing” cells of the metrial gland were also investigated with the electron microscope. These cells contained few organelles, a flocculent cytoplasmic ground substance, lipid droplets, and large dense bodies. The membrane limited dense bodies resemble secondary lysosomes and contain multilaminated myelin whorls plus a variety of dense fibrous or homogeneous material. The release of metrial granules is discussed in relation to the possible secretion of relaxin by metrial cells. The role of the lipid bearing cells is also considered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 134
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 471-481 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Tissue sections of 15 lungs from human infants were taken immediately after death. In each case, routine staining methods and Jabonero's silver impregnation, modified by Van Campenhout, were performed. Cathecholamines were traced according to Falck's method. Each of these techniques revealed in the bronchial and bronchiolar mucosa spherical to ovoid groups of cells, which are distinct, from the surrounding epithelium by their light optical and their histochemical properties and which have been named “Neuroepithelial Bodies.”The Neuroepithelial Body bulges into the corium and is built up of cells with a clear cytoplasm and a rounded nucleus. Its apical part protrudes into the bronchial and bronchiolar lumen mostly above the level of the ciliated cell lining and consists of small non-ciliated cuboidal cells. After silver impregnation, they display a granular silver deposit, especially in the basal cells and appear to be innervated. The technique of Falck reveals a white to yellow fluorescence, especially in the basal area where also the argyrophilia is most marked.The functions of these corpuscular, argyrophilic, innervated and fluorescent bronchial and bronchiolar Neuroepithelial Bodies remain unsettled. Though a separate entity, they seem to be related to the recently reported bronchial Argyrophil, Fluorescent and Granulated AFG (peptide and amine producing?) cells. They might be involved in mucosal bronchial and bronchiolar neurosecretory processes; most probably, however, they are chemo-, stretch-, and/or tactile neuro-receptor organs.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 135
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 137-147 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Seventy-five- to one-hundred-micron slices of undemineralized human teeth were examined by transmitted light, incident light and polarized light microscopy, to determine the nature of Tomes' granular layer in root dentine. Transmitted light examination showed that the granules occupied differing levels within the section. Incident light microscopy showed that the granules were true spaces and polarized light microscopy showed that fibre orientation was not the cause of the granular layer. When thin sections (1 μ-0.75μ) of a tooth slice containing Tomes' granular layer were examined by light and electron microscopy no evidence of any spaces were found in the region where they had been demonstrated in the thick 75-100 μ section. Looping of the terminal portions of the dentinal tubules was found. A model system has been used to show that sectioning of this loop region could produce a space visible in thick sections and corresponding to a granule of Tomes' layer. It is suggested that this looping of dentinal tubules in root dentine, and not in the dentine beneath enamel, is the result of different rates of dentine deposition in these two areas.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 136
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 167-177 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Examination of serial histologic sections of the head and neck regions of rats at selected age intervals from 14 days in utero to 100 days postnatally revealed that at 16 days in utero, a second salivary gland arises from the rudimentary parotid (Stensen's) duct. This gland develops more rapidly than the parotid gland; its acini are essentially mature prior to weaning, preceding parotid acini in this respect by several days. All cells of the secretory units of the mature gland stain positively with both alcian blue and periodic acid-Schiff, indicating that the gland is of pure mucous type. The body of the gland occupies a space lateral and mostly superior to the maxillary buccal sulcus, nestled beneath the anterior bulge of the masseter muscle, near the point where the buccal and mandibular marginal branches of the facial nerve cross paths. It is the only salivary gland in the buccal wall anterior to the third molar; hence, the proposed name of anterior buccal gland. These observations suggest: (1) Samples of rat parotid saliva collected proximally and distally to the junction of the ducts of the parotid and anterior buccal glands are likely to differ significantly in the quality and quantity of mucosubstances which they contain. (2) The divergent differentiation of two branches of the same glandular primordium in this instance implies differences in the inductive qualities of their respective mesenchymal beds.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 137
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 197-219 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Deep splenic lymphatics, studied in five marmots, entwine major arteries of white pulp. Lymphatics vary in prominence from spleen to spleen and within a spleen.These lymphatics constitute efferent channels likely draining splenic fluid flowing within the spleen counter-current to blood.The endothelium is irregular, thin and imperforate, beset with vacuoles and containing filaments. Its hyaloplasm is light or dark. Flap-like inter-endothelial cell junctions without membranous specializations are typical. Endothelial cells richly interdigitate with one another resulting in extensive, closely-spaced intercellular junctions. Long endothelial processes extend into subjacent connective tissue.The lymphatics lie in an extracellular ground substance, continuous with that surrounding arteries and with the fibrous reticulum of white pulp. Filaments, about 100 Å in width, lie in the ground substance close upon the basal endothelial surface. The filaments appear to attach to the endothelium and run out into surrounding collagenous fibers. The collagen is abundant, occurring in thick layers around lymphatics and extending, with the ground substance, into the white pulp.Macrophages, replete with phagosomes, surround lymphatic vessels and extend processes toward them, penetrating the peri-lymphatic connective tissue. Erythrocytes lie outside these vessels and within their lumen. Sheets of plasma cells may surround the lymphatics. Lymphocytes, in large number, are present around the lymphatics, cross their wall between endothelial cells, and lie in their lumen.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 138
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 489-498 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The large leech neurons known as Retzius cells contain substantial amounts of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) stored in granules. Previous studies show that these cells are able to make 5-HT from precursors. The present study, which is a combined chemical and autoradiographic analysis of these cells after the administration of radioactive 5-HT or 5-HTP, confirms that the cells make 5-HT from precursors. In addition, this study shows that the cells can acquire and store 5-HT when it is present in the environment. Thus, if 5-HT is available, these cells need not manufacture this compound from precursors. Furthermore, the newly acquired 5 HT seems to be stored in the granules that characterize these cells. Finally, this study shows that the Retzius acquire or make the 5-HT in vivo.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 139
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 675-701 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: In the adult goldfish, Carassius auratus (a stomachless freshwater teleost), there is a striking proximal-to-distal gradient in the microscopic appearance of the intestine. This gradient is correlated, moreover, with differences in the site of absorption of lipid and protein. The proximal regions (intestinal bulb and anterior intestine) have a greater surface area, manifested by elongated mucosal ridges in which the epithelial cells have regularly arranged closely spaced microvilli. The distal region (posterior intestine) has less overall surface area, but the epithelium exhibits the typical ultrastructural features of pinocytosis, namely extensive invagination of the luminal surface membrane and massive accumulation of vesicles and vacuoles in the apical cytoplasm. In addition, a conspicuous PAS-positive supranuclear “body” is visible with the light microscope. Administered triglyceride is absorbed exclusively by the epithelium of the anterior regions, where presumably, it must be hydrolyzed prior to uptake. Protein (horseradish peroxidase), on the other hand, is absorbed primarily in the most distal region, where the epithelium appears to be equipped for the uptake of large intact molecules. These regional differences are discussed in relation to comparable differences in the mammalian intestine, especially during development.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 140
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: This study of primitive bronchial epithelium in human fetuses revealed cells of distinctive ultrastructural appearance. These cells contained cytoplasmic granules similar to neurosecretory-type granules and are termed fetal Kultschitzky-type cells (K-type cells) of lung. The fetal K-type cells appear similar to certain cells in mature lungs and in other tissues that have an endocrine function. The advanced cytoplasmic differentiation and large numbers of K-type cells in early stages of fetal development suggests that these cells might also have an important, probably endocrine function.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 141
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 131-139 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The innervation of the acinar cells of the rat parotid gland was studied using potassium permanganate fixation. Adrenergic terminals, characterized by the presence of small granular vesicles, and cholinergic terminals, containing small agranular vesicles, made close contact with the acinar cells. Both adrenergic and cholinergic terminals were observed in contact with the same cell, and subsurface cisterns of endoplasmic reticulum were found in relation to the contact areas of both types of endings. In addition, both adrenergic and cholinergic axons were found within the same Schwann cell sheath in the connective tissue spaces.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 142
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 141-150 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: During a carbohydrate-rich diet the liver contains a large amount of evenly distributed glycogen. During a fat-rich diet glycogen is located mainly in zone 1 of the liver acinus. These results suggest that different acinar enzyme patterns can be induced by different diets. The acinar glycogen patterns remain unchanged during prolonged starvation.The curve of glycogen percentage vs. starvation time has the same general shape as the curve representing the changes in resistance during the general-adaptation-syndrome.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 143
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 173-180 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Rabbit anti-rat-brain serum immunoglobulins injected into pregnant rats on the ninth, tenth, eleventh or twelfth day of gestation resulted in a fetal resorption rate 15 to 30 times higher than that found in normal untreated pregnant rats. Human serum immunoglobulins obtained from normal postpartum mothers produced a similar percentage of fetal resorption when injected by the same routes into pregnant rats of the same gestational age. In neither of the above experiments were malformations detected among the delivered 20-day fetuses. Injection of human serum immunoglobulins obtained from mothers of children with spina bifida manifesta into pregnant rats along similar routes and periods gave comparable fetal resorption rates. Injection of the above immuno-globulin into the lumen of the uterus adjacent to implantation sites gave a low fetal resorption rate and produced varying degrees of skeletal and soft tissue malformations among the viable survivors.The only difference which could be discerned between normal postpartum immunoglobulins and those obtained from mothers of spina bifida manifesta children was characterized in the latter by a two-fold increase in the IgG levels and the immunoelectrophoretic reactivity of its immunoglobulins with human spinal cord antigens. The developmental defects observed were: 1. Cranial-thinning and bleb formation of skull bones; widening of the foramen magnum; descent of the obex closer to the foramen magnum. 2. Skeletal-delayed or inhibited calcification of the bodies and spinous processes of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae; widening of the vertebral canal and central canal of the spinal cord.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 144
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A light microscopic study was carried out on the Golgi complex of the absorptive epithelial cells of the small intestine of adult male rats. Silver impregnation methods (Da Fano's, Aoyama's, and Elftman's) were used. Deposits of silver in the Golgi complex were heaviest in the lower half of the villi. Thereafter, a progressive diminution in the reaction occurred. In the uppermost quarter of the villus no reaction was visible. Villi of the duodenum, midgut, and terminal ileum all exhibited this phenomenon regardless of variations in fixation method, concentration and pH of the silver solutions, exposure time to the silver solutions, and various dietary regimens (high fat, no fat, and starvation). The change observed in the silver reaction of the Golgi complex probably reflects a structural or functional change of this organelle as the absorptive epithelial cells migrate along the villi toward the extrusion zones.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 145
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Fluorometric measurements were made of 5-hydroxytryptamine levels in spleens obtained from separate subgroups of adult male rats killed at two-hourly intervals over four separate 24-hour time spans. For three weeks prior to obtaining tissue, all rats were standardized carefully and were subjected to 12 hours of light (0600-1800) followed by 12 hours of darkness. Analyses showed in each study very significant fluctuation over the 24-hour time scale; the range of change over this period was as great as 131%. The phasing of the rhythms, in spite of the rigid environmental synchronization, was not similar in any of the four studies. Possible explanations for this unexpected desynchronization are discussed. Spleen weights also fluctuated with a significant 24-hour circadian frequency.In addition, the rhythm characterizing this amine was described in female rats as well as the effect of different stimuli on the same rhythm. These stimuli were ether, immobilization and a ‘novelty’ situation; and all three significantly increased the levels of 5-HT in spleen when the overall 24-hour mean values of each experimental group were compared with controls. However, in all cases there were discrete time points when significant differences in 5-HT levels could not be obtained with any of the stimuli. This study demonstrates that the effect of the stimuli used depends on the phase of the rat's circadian system during which it was applied. The necessity of considering the natural rhythmic fluctuation in any investigation evaluating this biogenic amine in spleen is demonstrated.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 146
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The effect of stress-induced release of ACTH or suppression of ACTH release on concentric whorls of rough endoplasmic reticulum has been studied in the adrenal gland of the Mongolian gerbil. The border zone between the zona fasciculata and reticularis appears to be a zone of transition, and stress may transform these cells into typical zona fasciculata cells. Absence (hypophysectomy) or reduction (testosterone, dexamethasone) of ACTH however causes neither atrophy nor hypertrophy of whorls. The stress of saline injections for five days caused disappearance of whorls and a rise in blood cortisol to 1.5 times that in controls. Whorls were replaced by a focal accumulation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Testosterone or dexamethasone as well as transaural hypophysectomy prevented the disappearance of whorls in spite of the stress of injection. Testosterone caused a 50% reduction in blood cortisol levels whereas both dexamethasone and hypophysectomy reduced blood cortisol to 25% of that in controls.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 147
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 251-257 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Degeneration of unknown etiology was noted in the spinal nerve roots of aging rats. These animals (Charles River CD® rats) were included in a study of long-term effects of ionizing radiation. The initial lesion was a de-myelination of an individual axon or a few, isolated, scattered axons in the ventral roots of rats between 18 and 20 months of age. As the lesion progressed, the dorsal roots showed involvement, and by 24 months the usual finding was marked degeneration in ventral roots with degenerative changes of a lesser degree in the dorsal roots. When degeneration was complete, connective tissue filled the regions normally occupied by neural tissue. The lesion was unrelated to the radiation procedure, occurring with equal frequency in both irradiated and non-irradiated animals. Furthermore, lesions occurred with equal frequency in both males and females. The one factor to which the lesion appeared to be related was age since it was not observed in animals less than 18 months old but was seen in 66.7% of those between 18 and 20 months and in 96.0% of those older than 20 months. These data indicate that this lesion needs to be considered when using aging laboratory rats.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 148
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Carbonic anhydrase (CA, carbonate hydro-lyase, EC 4.2.1.1) activity of choroid plexuses (ventricles I + II and IV) and pineal glands of adult male rats was determined by microtitration. Autopsies at precise times in relation to a daily photoperiod 14 hours long allowed in replicate series evaluation of 24-hour rhythmicity. A slightly lower choroid CA activity during the light phase was variable and marginal in significance. A highly significant and reproducible daily fall in pineal CA activity near the onset of light was paralleled by, and probably originated from, a fall in pineal content of erythrocytes. Low pineal CA activity is consistent with its endocrine nature. Its morning changes in hemodynamics are likely to be due to local changes in content and release of norepinephrine and other vasoactive agents.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 149
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 341-359 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: In two and four-week old rats three types of follicles were observed: thyroid follicles made of follicular cells and C cells; ultimobranchial follicles (or cysts) and ducts composed of lumen-bordering cells and subjacent cells; mixed follicles lined by follicular cells on one side and by lumen-bordering cells on the other. Occasionally C cells were seen in the wall of mixed follicles. On their basal side the lumen-bordering cells of mixed follicles were in direct contact with the wall of ultimobranchial ducts or cysts. In the wall of these ducts transitional cells were observed. One type had ultrastructural features of subjacent cells (i.e., hemidesmosomes) and of lumen-bordering cells (i.e., pale cytoplasm and dispersed tonofilaments). Another type of transitional cell had hemidesmosomes and a deeply indented nucleus, like subjacent cells, but had accumulated slightly distended cisternae of rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and was displaying long slender microvilli, which is typical of follicular cells. A third type of cells were called “young follicular cells.” They contained slightly distended cisternal profiles of rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum collected in one corner of the cells and few apical vesicles. However, their cisternae were less abundant, less distended and had a more restricted distribution than those found in mature follicular cells. Hence the subjacent cells of ultimobran-chial ducts might possibly give rise to lumen-bordering cells and to some follicular cells. The latter are associated with the lumen-bordering cells in the formation of mixed follicles; at the beginning these new follicular cells seem less active than the mature follicular cells. The origin of C cells after birth is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 150
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Examination of the morphology in the submandibular salivary gland, adrenal gland and renal cortex of androgen-insensitive, tfm/ Y mutant mice has revealed predominantly female characteristics. A sexual dimorphism in alkaline-phosphatase (AP) activity was seen in the submandibular salivary gland of this strain of mice; the AP activity in the mutants was similar to females. There was no dimorphism in renal AP activity.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 151
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972) 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 152
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Based on differences in light absorption the stages of the rat seminiferous epithelial wave were identified by a transillumination technique. The most marked difference was encountered in the boundary between stages VIII and IX where the mature spermatozoa are released into the tubular lumen. Other characteristic transitions were observed between stages VI and VII as well as stages XII and XIII. All stages could be divided into four major, easily recognizable zones. Within the zones the stages could be identified with an accuracy of ± 1 stage. The characteristic changes take place in the tubular center and are due to the development of the acrosome in the spermatid. The acrosome appears to contain material with a strong light absorption capacity.Based on these observations a method was developed to isolate identified fragments of the rat seminiferous tubule in native condition. These fragments were used to quantify the activity of three previously described enzymes: specific tubular acid phosphatase III and IV as well as aminopeptidase III.The tubular acid phosphatase IV showed a high activity in stages corresponding to the final maturation process of the spermatid, whereas acid phosphatase III was evenly active in the different stages. Also aminopeptidase III showed a peak of activity during stages V-VII coincident with that of acid phosphatase IV, The possible role of these enzymes in the morphological maturation of spermatid and the destruction of the residual body is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 153
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Histochemical and autoradiographic studies using 35S-sulfate indicate that the majority of the cartilage cells in the developing mandibular condyle of the young mouse are active, vital cells. Concomitant with the increase of hypoxic conditions within the deeper layers of the cartilage, an increase in sulfated glycosaminoglucuronoglycans synthesis takes place. Hypertrophic chon-drocytes in the premineralized and mineralized zones reveal marked 35S-sulfate uptake in comparison with the less differentiated cells in the chondroblastic and perichondrial zones. These observations of radiosulfate activity support the concept that calcification processes in the condylar cartilage are not necessarily accompanied by degeneration and death of the hypertrophic chondrocytes. The radiosulfate activity of the surviving chondrocytes in the vicinity of the ossification front indicates possible modulation into osteoprogenitor cells.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 154
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 259-264 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The total Leydig cell volume has been determined in 40 dog testes using a histometric point-counting method. In preliminary experiments, the accuracy of the method has been established on specially prepared plasticine models of the testis. The point-counting method has a mean error of ± 7% and the values obtained by it, when statistically analysed, are not significantly different from those determined by direct measurements (p 〉 10% ). Thus, work on the models has provided convincing experimental verification of the method.The Leydig cells constitute about 15% (14.2 to 17.1% ) of the testicular volume in dogs. In absolute terms, it comes out to be 1.56 ± 0.45 ml of Leydig cells per testis. Larger testes contain proportionally greater amount of Leydig cell tissue, the relationship being almost linear. Although very little data is available for comparison, and none perhaps for the dog, it appears from the present study that the total quantity of Leydig cells in this species is essentially the same as in man.Since it allows a reliable estimate of the total Leydig cell volume directly in milliliters per testis, the point-counting method has proved to be much more useful than older methods which merely determined the proportion of Leydig cells in relation to some other testicular component.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 155
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A quantitative time study of the incorporation of choline-3H, leucine-3H and galactose-3H in lung epithelial cells, was undertaken in vivo with electron microscopic autoradiography. Type II pneumocytes were selectively labeled with choline-3H, a specific precursor of phosphatidylcholine, which is the main component of pulmonary surfactant. Choline was initially localized in endoplasmic reticulum, then was rapidly transferred through the Golgi complex and stored in lamellar bodies. Previously undescribed small lamellar bodies are suggested as phospholipid carriers between Golgi complex and lamellar bodies. After initial incorporation in the endoplasmic reticulum, the leucine label migrated through the Golgi complex into lamellar bodies by fusion of multivesicular bodies, which are the carriers between the two structures. Galactose was modestly incorporated into lamellar bodies via the Golgi complex. Intra-alveolar myelin figures, recognized as excreted surfactant, were labeled 120 minutes after injection with the three precursors.These findings indicate that the synthesis of a secretory product by type II pneumocytes involves phospholipid, protein and polysaccharide precursors; the secretory product is segregated as lamellar bodies which are destined to be excreted into the alveolar cavity to become part of the lining layer.
    Zusätzliches Material: 19 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 156
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 381-387 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Ultimobranchial follicles in the thyroid glands of young Wistar rats, 4 to 12 weeks old, are lined by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithe-lium and contain desquamated cellular material. Mitoses are observed in the epithelium of these follicles which are variable in size, shape and frequency. Thyroid glands of young vitamin A deficient rats also contain ultimobranchial follicles. These follicles differ from those found in animals on a stock diet in that the stratified squamous epithelium produces keratinized concentric whorls of non-nucleated luminal debris. After placing vitamin A deficient rats on a stock diet desquamated cellular material is no longer keratinized and resembles that seen in the control animals. Vitamin A deficient diet apparently keratinizes the stratified squamous epithelium of pre-existing ultimobranchial follicles rather than solely having a metaplastic effect on thyroid-like follicles of ultimobranchial tissue origin.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 157
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Cytoplasmic annulate lamellae are described as occurring in the cells of chick embryo liver during raft-type organ culture on Eagle's minimum essential medium. These transitory structures, prominent in the cells of early (5-day) embryonic liver during culture, were closely associated with the outer nuclear membrane and mitochondria, and were frequently continuous with portions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast, annulate lamellae were not found in any cell examined during organ culture of older (11-day) embryonic liver. These observations, together with correlative enzymatic studies, are discussed with regard to the possible role of annulate lamellae in the differentiation of the liver cell, in the light of current hypotheses on the origin and function of these widely-occurring organelles.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 158
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 451-467 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Chronic hyperthyroidism was induced in radiothyroidectomized and surgically thyroidectomized adult male rats by feeding a diet of 0.3-0.4% desiccated thyroid for four to ten week periods. Short term hyperthyroidism was induced in intact rats by the intraperitoneal injection of 250 μg/day of sodium levothyroxine for ten days. Adrenal glands were fixed by perfusion with 3% phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde and post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide. The zona fasciculata of the adrenal glands from experimental and control animals was examined in the electron microscope. Drastic mitochondrial alterations characterized the zona fasciculata of hyperthyroid rats. Initially, mitochondria became more nearly round and contained increased numbers of paracrystalline tubular inclusions of the type described by Kjaerheim ('67) and Wheatley ('68). In more altered states many mitochondria were filled with clusters of parallel tubular cristae of varying complexity which at times enveloped islands of mitochondrial matrix and fingers of cytoplasm which projected into the mitochondrion. Aggregations of numerous mitochondria occupied much of the cytoplasm of highly altered cells. Modifications of this nature have not been described following ACTH stimulation of the adrenal cortex. This raises the distinct possibility that thyroid effects on the adrenal cortex are not entirely ACTH mediated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 159
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The fine structure of the rat testis was studied at intervals of up to nine months after bilateral vasectomy, unilateral vasectomy, or a bilateral sham operation. Objectives were to determine whether the fine structure of the testis is altered as a result of vasectomy and to determine if any of the sperm produced after vasectomy are retained and disposed of within the testis. Attention was directed toward the ultrastructure of developing spermatids, the cytology of Sertoli cells, and the structural relationships between Sertoli cells and germ cells. No alterations in these features were detected, and it was concluded that the fine structure of the rat testis remains normal after vasectomy. Factors are discussed which may qualify this conclusion, such as the structural complexity of developing germ cells and the multiplicity of stages in the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. Sertoli cells contained residual bodies after vasectomy, but there was no evidence that phagocytosis by Sertoli cells increased, suggesting that the main site of disposal of sperm after vasectomy lies distal to the seminiferous tubules.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 160
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 589-595 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Bony pelves of mature squirrel monkeys are sexually dimorphic. They can be sexed confidently using the ratio of pubis length divided by ischium length, together with a measure of the relative width of the superior pubic ramus. Pelves of immature squirrel monkeys are not sexually dimorphic. Pelves of immature monkeys of both sexes resemble pelves of mature males morphologically. Sexual dimorphism in the pelves of squirrel monkeys is the result of female pelves acquiring morphological features at puberty which differentiate them from mature male pelves and from immature pelves of both sexes, and is not the result of male pelves being altered from immature pelves of the female type as reported for mice and rats.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 161
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: In Wistar-Fürth rats given vinblastine sulfate intravenously, an abnormality of the glomerular capillary wall was observed. Electron micrographs of renal corpuscles of treated animals revealed sites where the glomerular endo-thelium had separated from the glomerular basement membrane. The resultant subendothelial space contained a flocculent material similar in appearance to the blood plasma present within the capillary lumen. Endothelial detachment sites were observed near the mesangial region, as well as in parts of the capillary loops distant from the mesangium.Vinblastine treatment also resulted in a disappearance of microtubules from the cytoplasm of endothelial cells and in an appearance of paracrystalline inclusions which were similar in fine structure to those reported in previous studies using Vincaalkaloids. Although these intracytoplasmic paracrystals were common in the glomerular endothelium of treated animals, they were rarely seen at sites of endothelial detachment. The way in which vinblastine treatment elicits endothelial detachment is not known.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 162
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 7-23 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The rabbit atrioventricular nodal region has been studied using a method of tissue preparation allowing direct comparison of adjacent sections processed by histological and histochemical techniques. By this means, specialized cardiac tissue is found to occupy the region defined electrophysiologically as the atrioventricular node. This region is more extensive than that previously defined by light microscopy. Within this region three types of cell are distinguishable; transitional cells, and upper and lower nodal cells. The last are continuous with and identical to the cells of the atrioventricular bundle. The cell types also exhibit differences in their pattern of innervation. The significance of these cellular zones and their associated nerves is discussed with reference to previous electrophysiological findings and the mechanism of nodal delay.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 163
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Light cells in the hamster thyroid gland were examined by electron microscopy and histochemical methods in control, hypercalcemic and hypocalcemic animals. Elevation of plasma calcium levels stimulated a marked depletion of light cell granules as detected by electron microscopy and silver impregnation. In the hypercalcemic state the size and number of light cells did not differ from that of control animals. Hypocalcemic hamsters showed a significant increase in light cell numbers with marked hypertrophy and hyperplasia of this cell type. These observations support the view that the light cell in the hamster thyroid is associated with thyrocalcitonin secretion.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 164
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The development of the folial patterns of the human cerebellar vermis has been studied in 44 mid sagittal sections of fetuses (14 weeks gestational age to term), infants (one to three months) and adults. The differentiation of each of the lobules of the vermis has been plotted as a function of age. The gestational age at which each lobule has attained half the adult average number of folia has been determined and varies between 24 and 37 weeks; the more anterior and posterior vermian lobules reach this half-way point first even though the largest lobules (culmen, declive and pyramis) form more folia per unit time. Thus, different criteria may be used to evaluate growth rates and yield different conclusions concerning the validity of the concept that ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny. The adult numbers of folia are not attained until more than two months after birth. The normative data reported in this study provide a baseline for comparison with other species or with abnormal developmental patterns in autopsy specimens of any fetal or post-natal age.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 165
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The problem of accurately locating muscle spindles within the bulk of skeletal muscle has been the major difficulty in histological evaluation of human muscle spindles and in attempts to record their physiological activity. Entire first Dorsal Interossei were taken from full-term infants, stained in toto by deCastro's silver technique, serially sectioned or squashed, and individual spindles microdissected for study. A model of the muscle with its extrafusal innervation was constructed and the average number of spindles in five muscles was found to be 47 (range 4C-54). The first Dorsal Interosseus muscle is a bi-pinnate structure divided by a central tendon which inserts on the proximal first phalanx. The spindles within this muscle are nearly equally distributed between the halves. Most of the spindles are concentrated in two well-defined regions, a lateral, more distal spindle-rich region and a medial, more proximal, grouping. Each of these two concentrations consists of approximately one-third of the spindles present, the remaining one-third being rather uniformly distributed throughout the muscle mass. An idea of the degree of concentration usually seen is illustrated by finding as many as eight spindles present in a 100X field in cross-section. This density of concentration and apparent consistency of location within the muscle is expected to facilitate procurement of more adequate numbers of spindles at muscle biopsy and to aid the intramuscular recording from human muscle spindles.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 166
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 189-203 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Development of placental site and uteroplacental arteries was studied in Tarsiidae, Ceboidea, Cercopithecoidea, and Hominoidea. In Tarsiidae the placental attachment and single artery remain essentially unchanged from early on, and the placenta grows beyond the original site in the shape of a button. In Tarsiidae and Ceboidea maternal arteries and their branches are incorporated in the placenta and their wall is replaced later by a layer of fibrin, Ceboidea have several arteries in the original placental site; this site is enlarged including additional arteries by ingrowth of villi from the chorion in an area surrounding the original site. Further growth is by centrifugal spread; the basal endometrium is stretched and no new arteries are tapped. In Cercopithecoidea the placenta has a sharp border from early on. Spread with stretching of the underlying endometrium occurs here, too. Additional arteries running in this stretched endometrium are secondarily tapped and increase the total number. The disc of Hominoidea, remaining after formation of the chorion laeve, also stretches the underlying decidua, but then trophoblast pervades much of it until it taps arteries in a much larger area than in the other forms.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 167
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 225-228 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The lens epithelium of 30 gm male albino CF1 mice was characterized by determining the area dimensions and the mitotic rate of the total and of the several different regions of whole-mount preparations. A ring of nonpigmented iris cells is found to adhere to the outer surface of the lens cuticle, which serves to delineate an inner central zone from an outer peripheral zone of the epithelium. A high number of dividing cells in the peripheral area, especially immediately adjacent to the meridional rows, but including the area overlain by the iridial fringe of cells, identifies this wide region as the proliferative zone. The mitotic rate, furthermore, undergoes marked diurnal variation, rising in the late evening through the early morning hours and diminishing during the late morning and afternoon hours.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 168
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 249-255 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Various methods of ENcalcification, processing and staining have been investigated to study thin sections of human enamel. EDTA-Na2 in a phosphate buffer was found to be the ENcalcifier of choice, and a stain utilizing SnF2 and H2S solutions was found to stain the sections a rich dark brown. The sections produced showed a keyhole outline of enamel rods in cross section with no eviENnce of interrod material.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 169
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The swimming motion of rat epididymal spermatozoa was reexamined using high speed cinematography. Sperm were filmed at 100 frames per second and viewed at a reduced speed for detailed study. The flagella of spermatozoa from the caput epididymidis exhibit a rigid curved middle piece proximal to the cytoplasmic droplet and a flexible portion distal to the droplet. Bending waves begin at the caudal end of the immobile middle piece and propagate distally. The large majority of sperm from this region of the epididymis swim in a circular fashion, clockwise or counterclockwise, depending on the orientation of the curved midpiece. A few spermatozoa, however, manage to achieve a form of forward progression by alternation of the direction of curvature of their inflexible anterior segment. Spermatozoa from the cauda epididymidis swim progressively forward and rotate frequently about their axis of progression. Propagated waves of bending arise in the neck region and involve the midpiece as well as the more distal segments of the tail. The changing pattern of motility of sperm as they mature in the epididymis is consistent with the hypothesis, suggested by others, that the components of motility may develop independently and sequentially and further suggests that the site of initiation of bending waves is not limited to the centriole.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 170
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 333-339 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Muscle fibers of the diaphragm and hindleg muscles of the rat were characterized bistochemically by their mitochondrial distribution (succinic dehydrogenase activity) as A, B and C (after Stein and Padykula, '62), by their myofibrillar, alkali-stabile ATPase activity as α, β and αβ (after Samaha et al., '70), and by their acid-stabile ATPases (intermyofibrillar and myofibrillar) as D (dark), M (moderate) and L (light). Comparisons of the differentially stained serial sections revealed profound dissimilarities between the fibers of functionally disparate muscles. The majority of fibers of the hindleg muscles were distinguishable as the conjugates AαβM, BβTD and CαL (figs. 1-3), whereas those of the diaphragm were principally AαM, BαL and CβD (figs. 4-6). Thus, no one histochemical reaction could accurately predict the multiple attributes of fibers of both muscle groups. Previous studies suggest that additional discrepancies in histochemical appearance would arise were other specialized muscles, e.g., extraocular muscles (Yellin, '69), compared with the more common muscles of body and limb. Any extrapolation of data on the basis of limited histochemical analyses is not without risk, whether comparing the same muscle in different species (Yellin and Guth, '70), or different muscles in the same species.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 171
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The testes of adult hamsters maintained in short daily photo-periods (light:dark “LD” cycles of 1:23, in hours) undergo regression within ten weeks and spontaneous regeneration within about 30 weeks. Thereafter (at least up to 80 weeks), as long as these animals are kept in short photoperiods the gonads do not experience a second atrophic response. After the 30 week period of dark exposure, if the hamsters are moved into a long photoperiodic environment (LD 14:10) for either one or ten weeks and are then returned to short photoperiods, the gonads do not involute a second time. However, if the duration of exposure to LD 14:10 is increased to 22 weeks, the return to LD 1:23 causes the gonads to degenerate. The regressive responses of the testes never occur in hamsters that have been pinealectomized indicating that the observed changes are mediated by this gland. The inability of darkness and, thus the pineal gland, to induce a second gonadal involution unless the hamsters are maintained in LD cycles of 14:10 for 22 weeks (after a 30 week period of dark exposure) may be explicable in terms of (1), a transient refractoriness of the brain to the pineal antigonadotropic principle or (2), the temporary failure of the pineal to be activated by short daily photoperiods.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 172
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Single palatal processes were grown in organ culture to test whether epithelial contact was a prerequisite for the cytological alterations observed during midline epithelial disruption. Observations were made with the light and electron microscopes. Palatal processes from 14 day C57BL mice were cultured on Millipore filters and fixed in paraformaldehyde and osmium tetroxide. Fine structure studies of 24 hour cultures revealed a thick basal lamina beneath an intact epithelium. Epithelial cells were absent along the medial edge of the palatal process in 48 hour cultures. Mesenchymal cells, not covered by a basal lamina, ultimately occupied the original position of the epithelial cells. Single palatal processes taken from spontaneous cleft A/Jax fetuses showed epithelial cell death along the medial edge similar to that in vitro, although an epithelial-free surface was not observed. We interpreted these observations to indicate that epithelial cell disruption was an inherent process of medial palatal epithelium. This disruption was exaggerated during organ culture by the mesenchymal cells spreading on the filter membrane.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 173
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972) 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 174
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 9-19 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Guinea pig eggs can be fertilized in vitro in a chemically defined medium originally developed by Biggers, Whitten and Whittingham for the cultivation of fertilized mouse eggs. When unfertilized eggs were inseminated in this medium (abbr. BWW) with fresh epididymal spermatozoa, sperm penetration occurred not earlier than two hours after insemination. Quick and efficient sperm penetration occurred when the eggs were inseminated with spermatozoa pre-incubated in BWW for 11-18 hours. Spermatozoa started to pass through the zona pellucida as early as 10-15 minutes following insemination and all the eggs were penetrated by spermatozoa within one hour. The time needed for functional capacitation of guinea pig spermatozoa is estimated to be no less than two hours under the experimental conditions used, the optimal time possibly being 8-12 hours or even longer. The possibility of in vitro sperm capacitation and fertilization of eggs in media much simpler than BWW (e.g., Earle's solution with or without albumin) is suggested.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 175
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 175-189 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Deciduous tooth germs were removed from the anterior region of human fetuses between 13-16 weeks of age and fixed in glutaraldehyde. Some were post fixed in osmium tetroxide whilst others were block stained with silver nitrate and prepared for electron microscopy. Thick Araldite embedded sections were cut at 1 μm and stained in various ways for examination by light microscopy. Thin sections of bulk silver stained material were examined with the electron microscope before and after staining with heavy metals.Fibers lying between the developing odontoblasts were demonstrable under the light microscope and their appearance was consistent with the classical description of von Korff fibers. With the electron microscope bundles of collagen fibers up to 1 μm in diameter were present between newly differentiated odontoblasts. Heavy metal staining of sections from bulk silver impregnated material revealed that silver deposition was associated mainly with collagen fibrils. It is concluded that in the crown of human developing teeth, bundles of collagen fibrils are present between the newly differentiated odontoblasts and that these bundles represent those usually described as von Korff fibers.Similar results were found using material from developing molar teeth of mice.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 176
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 239-249 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Localization of acid phosphatase in trigeminal ganglia of vascularly perfused, young, Wistar rats was demonstrated by Gomori's lead sulfide and Barka and Anderson's azo dye methods. Differences in deposition of reaction product, indicating differences in levels of enzyme activity, were demonstrated between small, intensely reactive (dark) neurons and larger, less reactive (light) neurons. Lengthening the fixation time to lessen the likelihood of artifactual origin of such differences resulted in a decreased reaction in all neurons; relative difference in intensity of large and small neurons was retained. The results indicate that the level of detectable acid phosphatase activity is an additional distinguishing feature between light and dark cells in trigeminal ganglia of the rat and suggest that differences between these cells are not artifactual.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 177
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 265-277 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The present study was undertaken to determine what structural changes hypophysectomy would cause in the rat kidney. Proximal convoluted tubule cells from hypophysectomized rats were smaller and their length was decreased when compared to kidneys from control animals of approximately the same weight as the hypophysectomized animals. Electron microscopic observation of the kidneys from the hypophysectomized rats revealed that the cells of the proximal convoluted tubules had (1) an increase in size and number of dense bodies (type II cytosome); (2) a decrease in smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER); (3) a decrease in basilar infoldings; (4) an increase in the frequency of mitochondria cristae aligned in their longitudinal axis and (5) a change in the character of the profiles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) related to microbodies (type I cytosome) from a vesicular to tubular arrangement. The changes noted in the cells of the proximal convoluted tubules of hypophysectomized rats were similar to previously described changes observed in tubular atrophy.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 178
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 136 (1972), S. 23-51 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: In wings of the giant silkmoth, Hyalophora cecropia, scale-forming and socket-forming cells are first observed on day four of pharate adult development. Scale-forming cells appear synthetically active when they are first observed, for their basal region is filled with huge stacks of polyribosome-studed lamellate endoplasmic reticulum, numerous Golgi complexes containing secretory vesicles and many elongated mitochondria. During later development, some of these organelles diminish in number. Neck and scale regions are predominantly filled with longitudinally oriented microtubules and microfibril bundles, suggesting that their function is one of transport rather than synthesis. The scales originate as finger-like projections of the cell body. They subsequently elongate, flatten out and deposit a cuticle which has a surface differing somewhat from that in other lepidopterans. It consists of longitudinal ridges (1.8-2.4 μ apart), transverse ribs (0.6-1.0 μ apart) and microribs (0.10-0.13 μ apart).Socket-forming cells produce a socket around the neck region of each scale-forming cell. The socket differentiates into several morphologically distinct regions: an apical fibrillar region, a ribosomal region, a mitochondrial-microtubular region and a basal fibrillar region. The absence of polyribosome-studded lamellae of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes suggests that its primary function is not biosynthesis but support and protection of the scale.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 179
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 136 (1972) 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 180
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Light microscope studies were made on nucleoli of jejunal epithelial cells of normal rats fixed in OsO4, glutaraldehyde, F.A.A. and HgCl2 and stained with basic fuchsin-alkaline methylene blue. Nucleolar reorganization is extensive and clearly resembles the phenomenon of nucleolar segregation. Polymorphous nucleoli of undifferentiated crypt cells show intermingled constituents and stain purple whereas similar nucleoli of definitive absorptive cells show two homogeneous components-A, stained red and B, stained blue. Cytochemical studies indicate that component A is largely protein and acidophilic and component B is largely nucleic acids and basophilic. These nucleoli become compacted, each forming an amphinucleolus with the two components at opposite poles. Further changes occur along the villi and the components generally separate to form a condensed plasmosome and a diffuse karysome. Extruded cells show nucleolar fragmentation.Electron micrographs of OsO4 material were used in preparation of wax models. These, along with electron micrographs of glutaraldehyde material stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, clearly illustrate and duplicate light microscope findings and strongly resemble nucleolar segregation produced by antimetabolites.Cells of the villi with reorganized nucleoli do not undergo mitosis whereas undifferentiated crypt cells do so. Furthermore, nucleolar reorganization is correlated with aging since it begins in crypt cells and culminates in senescent cells at the tips of the villi.A review is given of the extensive evidence showing that, in the intestine certain functional changes occur similar to those demonstrated in experimental nucleolar segregation. These include gradually changing patterns of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis as well as enzyme activity. The accompany and probably result from nucleolar reorganization.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 181
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 136 (1972), S. 181-190 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Cortical lobules of the avian kidney are branched structures in which the efferent venous system forms an intralobular axis. The latter receives portal blood through an intertubular capillary plexus. Capillary distribution is regionalized thus delimiting the boundaries of individual cortical lobules.The size of cortical lobules (combined length of individual branches) varies intraspecifically from less than 1 mm to more than 18 mm. The largest units are peripherally located in the dorsal and lateral aspects of the kidney, while smaller lobules are deeper within the renal mass. A system of naming the branches of the efferent venous drainage is described. Cortical lobules take origin at varied levels along this venous network.A typical cortical lobule provides collecting ducts and loops of Henle to several medullary lobules. The latter contact the cortical unit at intervals along its length, and each may be associated with more than one cortical lobule. Although boundaries are indefinite, a renal lobe can be regarded as a group of medullary lobules usually draining into a secondary ureteral branch plus their associated cortex.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 182
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 136 (1972), S. 227-245 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The stellate cell in the pars distalis of Anolis carolinensis has been studied with the electron microscope. This cell type is characterized by the lack of secretory granules, and it possesses elongate processes that insert between secretory cells. Few cytoplasmic filaments are present in these processes, and desmosomes linking them to adjacent stellate cells or to secretory cells are seen infrequently in control animals. Stellate cells are often encountered in the caudal half of the pars distalis, but they are less commonly found in the rostral half. In animals undergoing thyroidal depression, thyroidectomy cells arise in the caudal pars distalis. Concurrently, stellate cells of that region hypertrophy and exhibit increased numbers of desmosomes, complex intercellular junctions, and micropinocytotic vesicles. Injected horseradish peroxidase penetrates the intercellular spaces, enters the micropinocytotic vesicles, and is transported to the interior of the stellate cell. It is suggested that stellate cells in Anolis under certain conditions may transport materials between the bloodstream and secretory cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 183
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Tail regeneration occurs following autotomy of the tail in the salamander Desmognathus fuscus. Studies based on histology and autoradiography suggest that the cells of the regeneration blastema arise from the connective tissue of the tail stump. Following autotomy of the tail in Desmognathus the muscle of the regenerate is not derived from de differentiated or modulated striated muscle fibers of the autotomy stump. Possible sources of myogenic cells are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 184
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 136 (1972), S. 367-383 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The cell type mainly involved in the phagocytic uptake of melanosomes from iris epithelial cells during Wolffian lens regeneration in the adult newt is identified on the basis of electron and light microscopic evidence as a macrophage of monocytic origin. Appearance of macrophages in iris and ciliary epithelia following lentectomy is a part of leucocytic infiltration of the area, in which granulocytes, mast cells, and other cell types also participate. The general pattern of leucocytic infiltration was studied as a function of time after lentectomy. Infiltration of the iris epithelium by macrophages is reduced when most of the melanosomes have been removed from the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells and finally ceases when depigmentation has been completed. The possibility that an immune mechanism mediated by macrophages is involved in dedifferentiation of iris epithelial cells is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 185
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 136 (1972), S. 421-431 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The morphology of the ventricle of the fresh-water lamellibranch, Elliptio complanatus, was investigated. Contrary to the condition reported previously in Tritogonia verrucosa, the two atria in Elliptio communicate with the ventricular lumen through separate openings, each guarded by an atrio-ventricular valve. Fixation of ventricle for electron microscopy with 2.5% buffered glutaraldehyde did not appear to shrink the tissue, in spite of the low blood osmolarity to which the muscle is adapted. Ventricle tissue is composed of smooth muscle fibers, containing a central nucleus, glycogen, mitochondria, paramyosin, dense bodies and “attachment plaques,” much like the ventricle of the salt-water clam, Venus (Mercenaria) mercenaria.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 186
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 136 (1972), S. 385-420 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The masticatory apparatus of the vespertilionid bat Myotis lucifugus appears generalized. Principal modifications for more efficient trituration have involved accessory tooth cusps. Chewing strokes pass through orbits (up to 7/sec) involving translations along and rotation about three axes. Direction of chewing typically reverses by at least the fifth or sixth consecutive orbit. Reversal involves modification of the downstroke at varying positions along its course. Compared to certain other bats, which do not utilize oral phonation for echolocation, Myotis chews much more rapidly, with many more degrees of freedom in orbital configuration. The overall envelope of motion is remarkably similar in all these species. The jaw muscles of Myotis act asymetrically, and in more than one direction as the orbit progresses. They overlap in their periods of activity forming a continually-modified muscular sling. Unilateral force couples facilitate orthal rotation at the condyles and movements of them. Bilateral couples, pitting protrusors of one side against retrusors of the other, facilitate lateral translation. The pterygoids are instrumental in continuing motion across the top and bottom of the orbit. Countercontractions are particularly important in stabilizing and protecting the temporomandibular joints. The mandibular symphyseal joint appears to act passively, providing additional flexibility for the system. Higher nervous control beyond the simple jaw-opening reflex appears necessary to explain the firing order of the digastrics and the phase relationship of orbital reversal to overall muscular firing intensity. Control mechanisms, ancillary phenomena and comparative aspects are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 187
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 136 (1972), S. 459-493 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The relatively undifferentiated cells comprising the prefollicular epithelium of the fourth and fifth instar of the reduvid bug Rhodninus prolixus are flattened and contain the regularly occurring organelles, lipid droplets, and aggregates of glycogen-like particles. These cells transform into the adult prefollicular tissue.During vitellogenesis there is a gradual shortening of the cells of the follicular epithelium and an increase in the size of the intercellular space between them and between follicle cells and oocyte. The follicle cells are binucleate, contain numerous microtubules, rough endoplasmic reticulum, many free and aggregate ribosomes, and Golgi complexes. They are associated with each other by gap junctions. Only the follicle cells on the lateral aspects of the oocyte exhibit the development of large extracellular spaces while those at the apical end, that produces the cap, remain tall and closely apposed to each other during vitellogenesis. The normal morphology of the follicle cells over various areas of the oocyte suggests that shape and/or volume changes of these cell may be important in regulating the access of yolk proteins to the colemma.Subsequent to vitellogenesis the follicle cells become cuboidal and once again become closely apposed to each other. They contain much rough endoplasmic reticulum and produce the secondary coat.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 188
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 136 (1972), S. 495-503 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The results of histochemical tests performed on the type “B” dermal gland in Rhodnius and the Verson's gland in Calpodes at different stages in their secretory cycle are presented. The secretions of both glands are slightly acidic sulphated mucosubstances. They differ in their main carbohydrate component which in Rhodnius is hyaluronic acid and in Calpodes is sialic acid. The glands, though structurally similar, differ in size, number, and development.
    Zusätzliches Material: 22 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 189
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The atresia of post-ovulatory and pre-ovulatory follicles of the viviparous smooth dogfish, Mustelus canis, is compared for approximately the first fourth of an 11 month gestation. A thick collagenous sheath and numerous tubules in the theca identify the large, folded stage A post-ovulatory follicle. In stage B the tubules have been filled by cells to form “islands.” In stage C the entire structure is greatly diminished, adjacent islands tend to fuse, the collagenous sheath is virtually gone and the granulosa is degenerating. Preovulatory follicles from large, yolky oocytes pass through four stages beginning with yolk phagocytosis by granulosa cells of the villi (stage I), which are long and granular in stage II; villi fuse, theca cells increase greatly, fill with granules (stage III), encroach on the granulosa and disperse it into small groups of cells which finally disappear (stage IV) leaving a mass of thecal cells. A special type of pre-ovulatory follicle from small non-yolky oocyte atresia exhibits prominent thecal tubules and an unusual arrangement of granulosa cells. This follicle appearrs to enlarge during the summer, becoming multilobed; few granules are present.The distribution of lipid in frozen sections, stained by Oil red O, is described for all types of follicles. Schultz and Lewis and Lobban tests for steroids were made on frozen sections with corresponding results. Positive green tests indicating the presence of steroids or possible steroidogenesis were limited to: (1) one post-ovulatory follicle, in the islands; (2) four stage III and seven late stage IV pre-ovulatory yolky atretic follicles; (3) two special atretic follicles. The special atretic follicle appears to be a unique feature of M. canis and it is suggested tentatively that it may be related to viviparity.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 190
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 137 (1972) 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 191
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 137 (1972), S. 1-27 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The release vibration and release call of Bufo valliceps have been studied by electromyography of the muscles involved, coupled with pressure and sound recording. The sequences are powered by contraction of the muscles of the body envelope and with the energy transmitted via the compressed pulmonary contents. Each pulse of a call starts as the laryngeal muscles relax and pulmonary pressure forces the arytenoid cartilages apart. Sound emission ceases when the laryngeal dilators pull the arytenoids out of the airstream. Reverse flow of air from buccal cavity to lungs may occur within prolonged release sequences. Inflation of the vocal sac results in marked increase in amplitude of the radiated sound without equivalent increase in amplitude of the myograns. The call is intimately associated with the pulsepumping method of breathing used by frogs.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 192
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 137 (1972), S. 29-48 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The ultrastructure of the follicle cells and oocyte periplasm is described during the stages of oogenesis immediately prior to, during, and immediately subsequent to, vitellogenesis. A number of features have not been described previously in Drosophila. Some yolk appears prior to pinocytosis of blood proteins. However, most of the protein yolk forms while the periplasm is filled with micropinocytotic invaginations and tubules derived from the oolemma. These tubules retain the internal layer of material characteristic of coated vesicles and are found to fuse with yolk spheres. No accumulation of electron-dense material in the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi of the oocyte is found. Both trypan blue and ferritin are accumulated by the oocyte.The follicle cells have an elaborate endoplasmic reticulum during the period of maximum yolk accumulation. Adjacent cells are joined at their base by a zonula adhaerens, forming a band around the cells, and by plaques of gap junctions. Gap junctions are also present between nurse cells and follicle cells. During chorion formation, septate junctions also appear between follicle cells, adjacent to the zonula adhaerens.
    Zusätzliches Material: 22 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 193
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 137 (1972), S. 49-62 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The facial musculature and rhinarial anatomy of a tayassuid, Dicotyles, and four suids, Sus, Hylochoerus, Phacochoerus and Babirussa, are described. Differences found include the lack of m. zygomaticus in Hylochoerus and Phacochoerus and several modifications of the rostral muscles, mm. levator rostri, dilator naris, and depressor rostri. These differences are related to behavioral characteristics of the animals, particularly the occurrence of toothbaring and rhinarial mobility.The missing m. zygomaticus and relatively small mouth of Hylochoerus and Phacochoerus are probably associated with behavioral patterns which do not necessitate a large gape. In these genera the canines are exposed even when the mouth is closed. The development of the rostral musculature is correlated with movements of the rhinarium. Similarly, the distribution of terminal tendons depends on the shape of the nostril. In Hylochoerus and Phacochoerus, mobility of the rhinarium, especially the dorsal part, is less than in other suoids because of the firmer attachment of the rostral bone to the skull and the weaker development of the rostral muscles.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 194
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 137 (1972), S. 63-69 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The formed elements of the blood of L. corrianus are comprised exclusively of amoebocytes, whose total number is approximately 758 per cubic mm of blood. The blood cells are of three types, viz. acidophils, large basophils and small basophils, which are respectively 26.32%, 60.20% and 13.48% of the total blood cell population. The cytoplasm of the acidophils is filled with large acidophilic granules, while that of the basophils contains fine basophilic granules. Acidophils are the largest (7.6 μ × 6.7 μ), large basophils are smaller (6.5 μ × 4.9 μ), and small basophils are the smallest (4.1 μ × 3.8 μ). The nucleus occupies a very small volume of the cell (approx. 1/9th) in acidophils, a larger volume (approx. 1/4th) in large basophils, and a major volume (approx. 3/4th) in small basophils. The blood cells show amoeboid movement, which is brought about by means of broad lamellate pseudopodia. Large basophils move very slowly, acidophils move faster, and small basophils move quite fast. Fine bristle-like filipodia help the blood cells in getting entangled to form clumps. Filipodia are more abundant in large basophils and acidophils which pertake more actively in clumping than small basophils which rarely possess filipodia. Clumping is a reversible process which is promoted by mechanical agitation of blood.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 195
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 137 (1972) 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 196
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 137 (1972), S. 111-130 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Electron microscopic studies of the neurohypophysis and saccus vasculosus of the bichir (Polypterus ornatipinnis) reveal an apocrine release of secretory material by ependymal cells (e.g., crown cells). The secretory material appears to migrate along the microtubular apparatus and the ciliary filaments to the cell buds. It is postulated that the formation of the buds and their release is mediated by cilial action. Secretion buds are noted in the cerebrospinal fluid and vascular sinusoids.Bulbous projections of neurohypophyseal secretory tracts extend into the ependymal lumen which also contains elementary secretion granules. Specialized “liquorkontaktneurone” are interspersed with ependymal cells.An interrelation between the hypothalamus, neurohypophysis, saccus vasculosus, and the meta-adenohypophysis is postulated.
    Zusätzliches Material: 27 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 197
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: In contrast to the so-called true ruminants, the compartmentalized stomach of these camelids contained an extensive mucigenous glandular mucosa. This mucosal epithelium was studied with the light and electron microscope. Surface, foveolar, isthmic, and end-piece regions were identified. Undifferentiated cells with many free ribosomes and few mucigen granules were found in the gland isthmus. More fully differentiated mucigenous cells with fewer free ribosomes, an extensive Golgi complex and a large heterogeneous population of secretory granules were observed in the subjacent end-piece. These cells were compared with cardiac and other gastric glandular epithelia. The cells in the foveola contained a more extensive granular reticulum, a prominent Golgi complex, and large numbers of mucigen granules and mitochondria. In the upper foveolar cells, large supranuclear and narrow apical accumulations of mucigen granules were separated by an intervening mitochondrial mass. In the tall surface cells there was a diminution in the number of mucigen granules and a concomitant supranuclear massing of mitochondria. Basally, these cells were often separated by prominent intercellular spaces. Effete surface cells were also noted. These lacked desmosomal attachments and sometimes appeared partially extruded. These findings suggested that cells derived from the undifferentiated isthmic cells moved up the foveola and onto the luminal surface. During this migration, these cells appeared to undergo sequential cytologic differentiation. The possible functional significance of these differentiations was considered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 198
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 137 (1972), S. 131-147 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: One hundred fetuses of the Sprague-Dawley rat were used: ten for each prenatal day, beginning with the twelfth day of gestation. Pregnant animals were sacrificed, fetuses removed and subsequently fixed in buffered formalin solution. Fetal heads were dehydrated, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned serially in the rostrocaudal direction at 10 to 15 μ. Serial sections from fetuses representing each day of gestation were stained with either H and E, Mallory's trichrome procedure, Gomori's reaction for alkaline phosphatase, or Steedman's alcian blue reaction. At the twelfth day, the primary nasal cavities were first observed. One day later, the nasobuccal membrane was established, and the vomeronasal organ invaginated into the nasal septum. Following the rupture of the membrane, at the fourteenth day, the nasal and buccal cavities remained in communication until the palatal shelves fused with the septum, at the seventeenth day. Prior to the thirteenth day, the septal skeleton is mesenchymal. The ossification in the vomer started at the sixteenth day and expanded progressively throughout prenatal life. First glandular primordia, one on each side of the septum, were observed during the sixteenth day, the number increased to five at term. The ducts ended in single blind sacs, before the eighteenth day, afterwards, the ducts presented an increasing number of collateral and terminal branches. There was no evidence of mucigen secretion from the septal glands during prenatal life. The initial stratified olfactory epithelium differentiated morphologically into a vestibular, respiratory, and an olfactory epithelium prior to the sixteenth prenatal day.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 199
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 138 (1972), S. 141-167 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The cibarial food pump of heteropteran insects conveys fluid food from the piercing stylets to the pharynx. In aquatic Heteroptera the pump also grinds and filters particulate matter in the food stream. The pump's sclerotized triturating devices differ from one family to the next and are often quite elaborate: because of their small size they are best studied by means of the scanning electron microscope. In Notonecta the main triturating devices occur on the transverse plates of the epipharyngeal roof of the pump. They consist of a complex anterior zone with raised nodes and bifurcating longitudinal ridges, and a simpler posterior zone with small nodules. Additional triturating surfaces occur on the hypopharyngeal floor of the pump. The oblique folds of the epipharynx, which lie anterior to the transverse plates, play only an accessory role. The fine structure of the grinding surfaces on the transverse plates of Gelastocoris (Gelastocoridae), Ambrysus (Naucoridae), and Aphelocheirus (Aphelocheiridae) is here briefly described and compared with that of Notonecta.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 200
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 138 (1972), S. 131-140 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The parathyroid glands of fresh-water turtles (Pseudemys scripta and Chrysemys picta) are composed of cords of cells in which dark and light variants of chief cells and occasional oxyphil cells can be distinguished. Cytoplasmic granules measuring about 0.3-0.4 μm and all the cellular organelles associated with protein and carbohydrate synthesis can be seen in both dark and light chief cells; the cytoplasm of oxyphils is packed with mitochondria which obscure other organelles. An unusual feature of the dark chief cells is the presence of crystalline-like material within parallel arrays of cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum. A similar crystalline-like structure is seen occasionally within some cytoplasmic granules.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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