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  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984  (988)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1981  (988)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (963)
  • Industrial Chemistry
  • Insulin
  • Nuclear reactions
Material
Years
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984  (988)
  • 1965-1969
Year
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Glucose tolerance ; Insulin ; Diabetogenic hormones ; Caerulein ; Man ; Glukosetoleranz ; Insulin ; Diabetogene Hormone ; Caerulein ; Mensch
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Untersucht wurden 11 gesunde Personen, fünf Typ I und ein Typ II Diabetiker. Nach einer 12stündigen Fastendauer wurde Caerulein (20 ng/kg) i.v. injiziert und 60 Minuten später eine orale Glukosebelastung mit 100 g bei den Gesunden und 25 g Glukose bei den Diabetikern durchgeführt. Blutdruck, Puls, Blutglukose, Serum-Insulin, Glucagon, Prolaktin und Wachstumshormon wurden während der gesamten Testdauer von 240 min in regelmäßigen Abständen gemessen und mit den Werten einer Kontrolluntersuchung bei den gleichen Personen ohne Caerulein verglichen. Caerulein führte zu keiner signifikanten Änderung einer der gemessenen Parameter. — Während Caerulein die exokrine Pankreasfunktion stark stimuliert, hat dieses Decapeptid keinen Einfluß auf Glukosetoleranz und Funktionen des endokrinen Pankreas und der Hypophyse.
    Notes: Summary Eleven healthy volunteers, five type I diabetics, and one type II diabetic man were examined. After an overnight fast caerulein (20 ng/kg) was injected intravenously and 60 min later an oral glucose tolerance test was performed with 100 g glucose in the normals and 25 g glucose in the diabetics. Blood pressure, pulse rate, blood glucose, serum insulin, glucagon, prolactin and growth hormone values were measured during the whole period of 240 min and compared with the same parameters in control tests in the same persons without caerulein application. None of the measured parameters were significantly influenced by caerulein. It is therefore concluded that in contrast to the stimulation of the exocrine pancreas functions of the endocrine pancreas, the pituitary gland and glucose tolerance are unchanged after caerulein.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Alanine ; Postoperative metabolism ; Gluconeogenesis ; Protein-catabolism ; Insulin ; Glucagon ; Alanin ; Postoperativer Metabolismus ; Glukoneogenese ; Eiweißkatabolismus ; Insulin ; Glukagon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei sieben Patienten wurde am 1. postoperativen Tag nach Cholecystektomie eine achtstündige Alanininfusion (90 mg/kg/h) durchgeführt und der Einfluß des erhöhten Plasmaalaninspiegels auf die postoperative Stoffwechselsituation untersucht. Folgende Metaboliten und Hormone wurden im Plasma bestimmt: Glukose, Harnstoff, freie Fettsäuren, Ketonkörper, Aminosäuren, Insulin und Glukagon. Gegenüber den Basalwerten (1. postoperativer Tag, nach einer 14stündigen Fastenperiode in der Nacht), vor Beginn der Alanininfusion, wurden folgende Veränderungen festgestellt: Die Plasmaglukosekonzentrationen stiegen bis zur 4. Infusionsstunde an und erreichten hier ein Maximum (p〈0.05). Von den Plasmaaminosäuren erhöhten sich die Konzentrationen von Alanin (um 300%,p〈0.001), Glutamin (36%,p〈0.05) und von α-Aminobutyrat (um 61%,p〈0.01). Die freien Fettsäuren und die Ketonkörper sanken unmittelbar nach Beginn der Alanininfusion ab (p〈0.05) und stiegen ab der fünften Infusionsstunde wieder an. Sowohl die Sekretion von Insulin, als auch die von Glukagon wurde durch die Alaninzufuhr stimuliert. Die Insulinstimulation erreichte bereits nach 5 min ihren maximalen Wert, während die Plasmaglukagonkonzentrationen bis zum Infusionsende anstiegen. Eine Berechnung der Stickstoffbilanz ergab nach der Korrektur mit den angestiegenen Plasmaharnstoffwerten eine ausgeglichene Proteinhomöostase unter der Alaninzufuhr. Die Stickstoffbilanz war, verglichen mit Kochsalzinfusionsperioden vor und nach der Alanininfusion, signifikant verbessert (p〈0.001). Aus den Ergebnissen wird geschlossen, (1) daß postoperativ erhöhte Plasmaalaninspiegel zu einer Stimulierung der Glukoneogenese und einem Konzentrationsabfall der lipolytischen Metaboliten im Plasma führen. Die dabei beobachtete Insulin- und Glukagonstimulation ist je nach der Dauer der Alanininfusion unterschiedlich, da nach einer längeren Alaninzufuhr die Insulinstimulation abnimmt, während die Glukagonstimulation andauert, und (2) daß Alanin in der unmittelbaren postoperativen Phase eine eiweißanabole Wirkung hat.
    Notes: Summary An alanine infusion (90 mg/kg/h) for eight hours was administered to seven patients after cholecystectomy in order to investigate the influence of elevated plasma alanine levels on the postoperative metabolism. The following metabolits and hormone concentrations were analysed in plasma: glucose, urea, free fatty acids, ketone bodies, amino acids, insulin and glucagon. Compared to the pre-infusion values on the 1. postoperative day after an overnight fasting, the following changes were monitored. The plasma glucose concentrations reached a maximum after four hours of infusion (p〈0.05). Of the amino acids, significant elevated levels were found for alanine (300%,p〈0.001), glutamine (36%,p〈0.05), and α-aminobutyrate (61%,p〈0.01). The free fatty acids and ketone bodies concentrations decreased immediately after the onset of the infusion of alanine (p〈0.05), and increased again during the last four hours of infusion. The secretion of insulin and also the secretion of glucagon were stimulated by the increased alanine levels. The stimulation of insulin reached a maximum after only five minutes, but the glucagon levels increased continously until the end of the infusion. During the administration of alanine a nitrogen homeostase was achieved, which was a significant improvement (p〈0.001) when compared to saline infusions before and after the alanine infusion. Conclusions: (1) Postoperative increased plasma levels of alanine stimulate gluconeognesis and reduce the plasma levels of lipolytic metabolites. The induced stimulation of insulin and glucagon is dependent on the duration of the alanine infusion for during extended infusion of alanine the insulin stimulation diminishes while the glucagon secretion continously increases. (2) Alanine is a potent anabolic substrate in the immediate postoperative situation.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Uremia ; Oral glucose tolerance test ; α-Keto acids ; Insulin ; C-Peptide ; Urämie ; oraler Glukosetoleranztest ; α-Ketosäuren ; Insulin ; C-Peptid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß eines oralen Glukosetoleranztests (oGTT) auf die Serumkonzentrationen verzweigtkettiger Ketosäuren (BCKA), d.h. α-Ketoisocapronsäure (KICA), α-Keto-isovaleriansäure (KIVA) und α-Keto-β-methyl-n-valeriansäure (KMVA) sowie auf die Konzentrationen von Seruminsulin, C-Peptid und Blutglukose wurde bei Urämikern mit kompensierter chronischer Niereninsuffizienz und bei gesunden Kontrollen untersucht. Bei den Kontrollen fielen nach oraler Gabe von 100 g Glukose die Blutkonzentrationen von KICA, KMVA und KIVA signifikant ab. Bei Urämikern ließ sich kein Abfall von KICA nachweisen, während der Abfall von KMVA deutlich vermindert war. Nur die Blutkonzentrationen von KIVA wurden im Verlaufe des oGTT im gleichen Ausmaß gesenkt wie bei den Kontrollen. Sechs von acht Urämikern zeigten eine gestörte Glukosetoleranz, obwohl sich bei ihnen die Konzentrationen von Seruminsulin und C-Peptid vor und während des oGTT nicht signifikant von denen der Kontrollen unterschieden. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, daß der bei Gesunden zu beobachtende Abfall der BCKA-Blutspiegel nach oraler Glukosebelastung bei Urämikern gestört ist. Diese Störung betrifft vorwiegend KICA und ist wahrscheinlich durch Insulinresistenz und/oder durch ungenügende Insulinsekretion bedingt.
    Notes: Summary The effect of an oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) on serum levels of branched-chain keto acids (BCKA), i.e. α-keto-isocaproic acid (KICA), α-ketoisovaleric acid (KIVA) and α-keto-β-methyl-n-valeric acid (KMVA) as well as on serum insulin, C-peptide and blood glucose levels was determined in uremic patients and in healthy control subjects. In controls, blood levels of KICA, KMVA and KIVA declined significantly following oral administration of 100 g glucose. In uremic patients no declinc of KICA was observed. The fall of KMVA was diminished, while suppression of KIVA blood levels in response to the oGTT remained unimpaired. Although serum insulin and C-peptide levels in uremic patients were not significantly different from the controls before and throughout the oGTT, six out of eight displayed abnormal glucose tolerance. It is suggested that the response of blood BCKA levels to an oGTT is altered in uremia, an abnormality restricted primarily to KICA and possibly explained by insulin antagonism and/or by insufficient insulin secretion.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; obesity ; blood glucose ; plasma non-esterified fatty acids ; low-dose insulin infusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary After an overnight fast, the effects of a 30-min low-dose intravenous insulin infusion (2.6 units/h) upon plasma glucose and non-esterified fatty acids were compared in 29 very obese patients and 17 nonobese controls. The dose of insulin was chosen so as to have its sole or predominant hypoglycaemic effect upon hepatic glucose release. The proportional fall from basal values at 30 min of both plasma glucose and non-esterified fatty acids was significantly greater in the controls and there was no difference between males and females. In the controls the fall in plasma glucose and non-esterified fatty acids was significantly and inversely correlated with the basal plasma insulin level. Neither index of insulin sensitivity was significantly related with the basal plasma insulin in the obese subjects. Weight loss in the obese subjects led to increased insulin sensitivity; in particular, the degree of change in insulin-induced nonesterified fatty acids was significantly related to the percentage change in weight. Despite their extreme degree of obesity, the distributions of basal plasma insulin levels and the indices of insulin sensitivity in the obese subjects overlapped with those of the nonobese controls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 20 (1981), S. 625-629 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; diabetes ; lysosomal enzymes ; mononuclear cells ; acid cholesterol ester hydrolase ; N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase ; low density lipoprotein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Methods for the measurement of the lysosomal enzymes acid cholesterol-ester hydrolase and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase were adapted for use with freshly isolated circulating mononuclear cells. Activities of both these enzymes increased (to 259 and 147% of control values respectively) after 7 days of insulin therapy in diabetic subjects. Low density lipoprotein degradation by freshly isolated mononuclear cells increased simultaneously by 67% (p〈 0.05). The findings in this pilot study suggest [1] that circulating mononuclear cells can be used to evaluate the effect of metabolic changes in vivo on lysosomal enzymes and low density lipoprotein metabolism, and [2] that insulin can stimulate cellular lysosomal enzyme activity.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; adipocytes ; prednisolone ; dexamethasone ; insulin binding ; deoxyglucose transport ; glucose oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied the effects of dexamethasone and prednisolone in vitro and in vivo on insulin binding, deoxyglucose uptake and glucose oxidation in rat adipocytes. In the studies in vivo, rats were treated for 22 h with dexamethasone (30 μg/kg) or prednisolone (200 μg/kg). Following sacrifice, adipocytes were prepared and the results demonstrated that cells from prednisolone treated rats showed a 17% increase in insulin binding and increased rates of basal and insulin stimulated deoxyglucose uptake and glucose oxidation. Conversely, dexamethasone administration resulted in a 22% decrease in insulin binding, and decreased rates of deoxyglucose uptake and glucose oxidation by the cells. Thus, prednisolone and dexamethasone had opposite effects in vivo. In contrast to the opposite effects of the two glucocorticoids in vivo, dexamethasone and prednisolone (each at a concentration of 1 μmol/l) had similar effects on adipocytes in vitro. Incubation of adipocytes with the steroids did not alter insulin binding, while both agents led to a comparable decrease in the rates of basal and insulin stimulated deoxyglucose uptake and glucose oxidation. Thus, dexamethasone and prednisolone have opposite effects on adipocyte glucose metabolism in vivo but have similar effects in vitro.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 21 (1981), S. 165-171 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; sodium ; kidney ; diabetes ; obesity ; hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Data are discussed which demonstrate that insulin plays an important role in sodium metabolism. The primary action of insulin on sodium balance is exerted on the kidney. Increases in plasma insulin concentration within the physiological range stimulate sodium reabsorption by the distal nephron segments and this effect is independent of changes in circulating metabolites or other hormones. Several clinical situations are reviewed: sodium wasting in poorly controlled diabetics, natriuresis of starvation, anti-natriuresis of refeeding and hypertension of obesity, in which insulin-mediated changes in sodium balance have been shown to play an important pathophysiological role.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; insulin receptors ; insulin degradation ; human adipocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 125I-insulin binding and receptor-mediated insulin degradation were studied in isolated human fat cells from subcutaneous tissue. A high albumin concentration during cell isolation and incubation protected the fragile human adipocyte from lysis. Binding of tracer was pH dependent with an optimum between 7.4 and 7.6. At 37 °C steady state was reached by 45 min and maintained for at least 2 h. The binding of labelled insulin in the presence of 10 μmol/l unlabelled insulin was only 1–4% of the total insulin binding. The half-maximal displacement of tracer iodoinsulin (10 pmol/l) by unlabelled insulin occurred at 0.25 nmol/l. Kinetic studies of the dissociation of labelled iodoinsulin from fat cells showed a slight acceleration in the presence of a high concentration of unlabelled insulin in the washout buffer as compared to a buffer containing no insulin. At steady state binding about 95% of the cell-associated radioactivity was extracted as iodoinsulin as judged by gel filtration. The remaining 5% co-eluted with iodotyrosine. During 60 min about 90% of the cell-associated radioactivity dissociated as iodoinsulin and the rest as iodotyrosine. Conclusions: 1) A high albumin content of buffers prevents traumatization of the human adipocyte; 2) under these conditions steady state binding of insulin is readily measured at 37 °C; 3) the use of a washing procedure makes the non-specific binding negligible; 4) the human adipocyte insulin receptor has a very high affinity; 5) receptor-mediated insulin degradation is minimal.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; glucagon ; secretin ; vaso-active intestinal polypeptide ; glucose ; glycerol and 3-hydroxy-butyrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A comparison of the metabolic and gastroentero-pancreatic hormonal responses of ten obese and eight lean subjects to 12 h and 36 h fasts has been made. Each subject was given a 50 g oral glucose tolerance test at the end of both 12 h and 36 h starvation. After the 12 h fast blood glucose and 3-hydroxybutyrate were similar in each group but blood glycerol was 30% higher in the obese subjects. Plasma insulin and vaso-active intestinal polypeptide were also higher in the obese subjects after 12 h starvation. After 36 h starvation in the lean subjects blood glucose was unchanged but on refeeding with 50 g oral glucose, glucose tolerance was impaired. In the same group blood glycerol and 3-hydroxybutyrate rose after 36 h starvation. Plasma glucagon, secretin and vaso-active intestinal polypeptide rose after 36 h starvation in the lean subjects but plasma insulin was unchanged. Refeeding with oral glucose suppressed the increased plasma glucagon, secretin and vaso-active intestinal polypeptide. After the 36 h fast in the obese subjects, blood glucose was unchanged, blood glycerol fell, but blood 3-hydroxybutyrate rose although to a reduced level in comparison with the lean subjects. In the obese group there was no change in plasma glucagon, secretin or vaso-active intestinal polypeptide after 36 h starvation, although plasma insulin fell. The results show different metabolic and gastro-entero-pancreatic hormonal responses to fasting in lean and obese human subjects and suggest an important metabolic role of glucagon, secretin and vaso-active intestinal polypeptide during starvation.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 20 (1981), S. 51-53 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; crystal ; dissolution ; bicarbonate ; pH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Insulin is insoluble in water at physiological pH, but dissolves relatively rapidly in plasma. To quantify the ability of various solutions to dissolve crystalline insulin, a simple assay measuring dissolution time was developed. At pH 7.5 and room temperature, distilled water, 0.154 mol/1 NaCl, Ringer's lactate solution, and 5% albumin in 0.154 mol/1 NaCl did not dissolve insulin crystals within 30 min. Normal postprandial human plasma and a proteinfree cell culture medium dissolved insulin crystals within 3 to 8 min. This ability was inhibited by acid titration of the fluids to a stable pH of 6.30, at which point bicarbonate depletion could be implied. Repletion of bicarbonate did restore the ability of these solutions to dissolve insulin crystals, but back-titration to the initial pH with NaOH did not. The effect of sodium bicarbonate alone was strongly concentration dependent above 23 mmol/1. We suggest that the ability of physiological fluids to dissolve insulin crystals at normal pH depends on their bicarbonate content. The ability to dissolve insulin with a physiological solvent which prevents its reaggregation promises to facilitate its use in portable pumping systems.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 20 (1981), S. 255-267 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; insulin receptors ; circumventricular organs ; hormone feedback
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The in vivo radioautographic method has been applied to elucidate the mechanism of direct peptide hormone “feedback” action in the CNS. Using this method we have identified the circumventricular organs of the brain as general endocrine target tissues for a variety of blood-borne polypeptide hormones, including insulin. In the arcuatemedian eminence region of the hypothalamus blood-borne insulin directly interacts with receptive nerve terminals, suggesting that insulin acts to influence the electrical activity of select hypothalamic nerve circuits at the level of synaptic transmission. Recent results obtained from preliminary surgical and chemical lesion studies of brain indicate that insulin-receptive nerve terminals in the arcuate-median eminence region arise from neurons intrinsic to the medial basal hypothalamus. This has lead us to propose the concept of the hypothalamic tuberoinfundibular insulin-receptive neuron and its axon collaterals as a pathway for the centripetal flow of insulin “signals” in the form of electrical impulses. We envisige that the neuroanatomic pathway, provided by the hypothalamic tuberoinfundibular neuron, functions to link changes in body metabolic activity, as reflected in changing levels of circulating insulin, to the neuronal process of elaborating specific central metabolic-regulatory programs. This pathway could be of key importance in understanding and combating metabolic disease.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 20 (1981), S. 274-280 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; food intake ; feeding ; CNS ; body weight ; adiposity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A feedback system for the regulation of food intake and body weight, consisting of two elements is proposed. One is related to the quantitiy and quality of the food ingested. It consists of neural afferents, psychosocial conditioning factors, and peptide signals from the gastrointestinal tract released by specific nutrient intake. The other is also sensitive to nutrient intake, but importantly modulated by relative adiposity. We present evidence to suggest that insulin serves as the key feedback signal to the central nervous system to serve this second function (body adiposity signal). Insulin has been found in cerebrospinal fluid where its concentration is increased by systemic infusions of glucose or insulin and is proportional to its concentration in plasma. When insulin (10 and 100 μU/kg/day) is infused into the lateral cerebral ventricles of free feeding baboons a dose dependent suppression of food intake and body weight is found. Intravenous infusion of 25% and 50% of total calories as glucose elevates endogenous insulin concentrations and suppresses food intake. These findings suggest that the amount of insulin secreted per day and more modulates food intake to maintain a constant body weight.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 21 (1981), S. 51-53 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; crystal ; dissolution ; bicarbonate ; pH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Insulin is insoluble in water at physiological pH, but dissolves relatively rapidly in plasma. To quantify the ability of various solutions to dissolve crystalline insulin, a simple assay measuring dissolution time was developed. At pH 7.5 and room temperature, distilled water, 0.154 mol/l NaCl, Ringer's lactate solution, and 5% albumin in 0.154 mol/l NaCl did not dissolve insulin crystals within 30 min. Normal postprandial human plasma and a protein-free cell culture medium dissolved insulin crystals within 3 to 8 min. This ability was inhibited by acid titration of the fluids to a stable pH of 6.30, at which point bicarbonate depletion could be implied. Repletion of bicarbonate did restore the ability of these solutions to dissolve insulin crystals, but back-titration to the initial pH with NaOH did not. The effect of sodium bicarbonate alone was strongly concentration dependent above 23 mmol/l. We suggest that the ability of physiological fluids to dissolve insulin crystals at normal pH depends on their bicarbonate content. The ability to dissolve insulin with a physiological solvent which prevents its raggregation promises to facilitate its use in portable pumping systems.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 20 (1981), S. 155-158 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; smooth muscle cells ; atherosclerosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of insulin (10–10000 mU/l) on the proliferation of cultured human arterial smooth muscle cells was studied. Smooth muscle cells were cultivated by explantation. Cells from the third to the fifth subculture were used. Proliferation was studied by growth curve experiments. Insulin stimulated cell proliferation in all concentrations (p 〈0.001). Growth was however stimulated more by a medium containing 10% fetal calf serum. The highest concentration of insulin produced only 35% of the effect of 10% fetal calf serum. Our results support the hypothesis that insulin may play a role in atherosclerosis.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 425-430 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone induction ; Insulin ; Chondrogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The influence of somatostatin on discrete stages of collagenous-matrix-induced endochondral bone formation has been investigated. Local injection of somatostatin, i.e., without any measurable systemic effect, resulted in a 75% reduction of cell proliferation as measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation and ornithine decarboxylase activities. The minimum effective inhibitory dose of somatostatin was 0.25 µg/day. Twice daily local injections of the hormone during cartilage formation also resulted in an inhibition, but this was shown to be due to impaired cell proliferation rather than to a direct effect of somatostatin on differentiation. Injection of somatostatin into developing bone tissue after the cartilage stage impaired osteogenesis, assessed by45Ca incorporation and alkaline phosphatase activity. Concurrent injections of insulin and somatostatin obliterated the inhibitory effect of the latter on cell proliferation. Somatostatin can locally regulate the proliferation and differentiation of chondroprogenitor and osteoprogenitor cells in vivo and may directly contribute to the regulation of bone growth by its ability to counteract the stimulatory effect of insulin.
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Cold exposure ; Glucagon ; cycloAMP ; Insulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of acute cold exposure on the concentration of glucagon in the blood was investigated in man and in intact and adrenalectomized rats. In man fasted overnight acute cold exposure, which caused a twofold increase in O2-consumption resulted in a rapid rise in plasma glucagon. The levels of insulin and blood glucose remained unaltered, while the concentration of serum free fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate increased. In fasted intact rats acute cold exposure lead to similar effects. A close parallelism between the rise in plasma glucagon and the concentration of hepatic cycloAMP was observed. Adrenalectomy did not impair the cold induced rise in plasma glucagon and hepatic cycloAMP. It is concluded that acute cold exposure caused a rapid rise in the concentration of plasma glucagon leading to an increase in the concentration of hepatic cycloAMP, thus enhancing the rate of hepatic gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis. As these alterations were similar in the absence of glucocorticoids and medulla-derived catecholamines, it is suggested that glucagon may play a role in the metabolic adaptation to acute cold exposure.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Arginine stimulation ; Calcium antagonism ; Glucagon ; Glucose ; Glucose stimulation ; Insulin ; Verapamil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present investigation was designed to evaluate the effect of acute and protracted verapamil administration on insulin and glucagon secretion in man. For this purpose, 14 normal subjects received two consecutive glucose pulses (5 g i.v. in less than 20 sec or 20 g i.v. in less than 1 min, 7 subjects for each group), 70 or 90 min apart, before and during an infusion of verapamil (160 μg/min). Seven additional normal subjects received two consecutive arginine pulses (5 g i.v.), 70 min apart. In 14 inpatients with coronary heart disease, we investigated the effect of protracted verapamil administration. Seven of these subjects underwent two oral glucose tolerance tests (100 g) and the other 7 two arginine tests (30 g) before and after a 10-day treatment with verapamil, 240 mg/die p.o. divided into three doses; the last dose, 80 mg, was given orally 1 h before the performance of the post-treatment test. Verapamil significantly inhibited the acute insulin response (AIR, mean change from 3–10 min) to glucose (5 g), as well as the AIR and AGR (acute glucagon response) to arginine (5 g). By contrast, verapamil failed to alter significantly the AIR to the higher glucose pulse. There was no significant change of oral glucose tolerance after verapamil, nor was there a change in insulin response to oral glucose. By contrast, insulin and glucagon responses to arginine infusion were significantly reduced by the drug.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 18 (1981), S. 123-128 
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: C-peptide ; Free fatty acids ; Growth hormone ; Insulin ; Keto-acidosis ; Non-ketotic hyperosmolar diabetic coma ; Tolbutamide test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary For further evaluation of B-cell secretion in diabetic keto-acidosis (KA) and in non-ketotic hyperosmolar coma (NKHC), basal and post-i.v. tolbutamide blood CPR and IRI values were measured in 34 patients (22 KA and 12 NKHC). FFA, cortisol and HGH measurements were also performed. IRI was low in both KA and NKHC (0.07±0.01 and 0.082±0.01 nmol/l) as opposed to CPR which was significantly higher in NKHC (1.14±0.1 nmol/l) than in KA (0.21±0.03 nmol/l). After tolbutamide injection, CPR and IRI levels did not change in any of the KA cases, whereas they significantly increased in half of the NKHC cases. Cortisol and FFA values were similarly increased in both situations, as opposed to HGH which was significantly higher (6.1±1.2 ng/ml) in KA than in NKHC (1.9±0.2 ng/ml). These results suggest that B-cell function is less deficient in NKHC than in KA. Residual insulin amounts reaching the liver via the portal vein could partly account for the absence of ketosis in NKHC.
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Fractional catabolic rate of endogenous triglycerides ; Free fatty acids (FFA) ; Glucose ; Insulin ; Triglycerides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In non-diabetic persons whose serum triglyceride (TG) concentrations ranged from normal to very high levels, endogenous TG turnover was measured using the radioglycerol method of Farquhar and coworkers. Insulin, FFA, and glucose concentrations were estimated during an oral glucose tolerance test. Stimulated insulin levels were correlated positively to TG concentrations and absolute TG turnover rates, and negatively to fractional TG catabolic rates. FFA concentrations had similar relationships, also in non-insulin-dependent diabetics. A more detailed analysis showed that elevated insulin and FFA levels — as an expression of peripheral insulin resistance — are a typical finding in the kind of patients whose fractional TG catabolic rate is low [≤0.210 (h−1)], irrespective of actual serum TG concentration. Our data do not suggest a stimulatory role of insulin for TG production.
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  • 20
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    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 18 (1981), S. 269-272 
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Acid phosphatase ; Cathepsin B ; Insulin ; Isolated islets ; Proinsulin ; Rhamnose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary L-Rhamnose at different concentrations stimulated incorporation of3H-leucine both into islet (pro)insulin and that released into the medium. Maximum isotope incorporation with either glucose or rhamnose was seen at a concentration of 16.7 mM, although the glucose-induced effect was significantly greater. Like glucose, rhamnose also enhanced the activities of acid phosphatase and cathepsin B in isolated rat islets.
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  • 21
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Free fatty acids ; Glucagon ; Indomethacin ; Insulin ; Meal tolerance test ; Normal subjects ; Prostaglandins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have investigated the influence of a single oral administration of indomethacin on blood glucose, plasma free fatty acids (FFA), α-amino-nitrogen, insulin and glucagon concentrations in young healthy subjects. Two groups of 6 subjects were studied, the first received a standardized 500 kcal mixed meal without any previous drug administration (controls) whereas the second group received 50 mg indomethacin 2 h before ingesting an identical meal. Plasma indomethacin concentration reached its maximum (2.36±0.36 Μg/ml) 15 min after administration and declined to 0.45±0.04 ug/ml after 2 h. Indomethacin ingestion was followed by a significant increase in blood glucose and plasma FFA reaching their maximum value at 45 min and returning to basal levels at 120 min. No simultaneous changes in plasma α-amino-nitrogen, insulin or glucagon levels were detected during this period. The meal was followed by a rise in blood glucose and plasma insulin as well as by a decrease in plasma FFA concentration. No significant differences were detected between the controls and the subjects receiving indomethacin. In controls, the meal was followed by a rise in plasma α-amino-nitrogen and a modest although significant increase in glucagon levels. In indomethacin-treated subjects, the increment of α-amino-nitrogen was less marked and the increase in plasma glucagon was not observed. Thus, indomethacin by itself can exert several metabolic effects; however, it does not deteriorate the blood glucose or insulin profile after a regular meal. The present work is the first to demonstrate that an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis inhibits the plasma glucagon rise occurring after a physiological stimulus such as a normal meal. On the basis of previousin vitro experiments, we suggest that this effect results from an inhibition of glucagon secretion by the PG synthesis inhibitor.
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  • 22
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    Acta diabetologica 18 (1981), S. 297-310 
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Cyclic AMP ; Cyclic GMP ; Cyclic nucleotides ; Glucose ; Glycogen ; Glycogen synthase ; Insulin ; Rat liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To determine if cGMP might function as a second messenger for insulin, anin situ liver perfusion system was established in which hepatic effects of insulin could be correlated with changes in cyclic nucleotides. Several combinations of insulin (10 mU/ml) and glucose (50 mg/ml) were infused (0.1 ml/min) for 30 min into fasted normal and diabetic rats with removal of a similar volume of blood. Samples of livers were removed at the beginning and end and at various times during the perfusion. In normal animals perfused with buffer alone, hepatic glycogen content fell. When glucose (with or without added insulin) was added to the perfusate, glycogen levels rose. With buffer alone, there was no change in the independent (I) form of glycogen synthase at 10 min but a modest increase at 30 min. With insulin and/or glucose, there was a large increase in the I-form of the enzyme at 10 min and a further rise at 30 min. Neither cGMP nor cAMP changed even though tissue samples were obtained at multiple times throughout the perfusion. Cyclic nucleotides were also measured in liver slices exposed to insulin (1 mU/ml) after 30 min of preincubation for stabilization. Although significant increases in cGMP were noted in the tissue exposed to insulin, similar significant rises also occurred in appropriately paired control slices. When glucagon was used in both thein situ perfusion and the paired liver slice systems, the expected rapid and large increases in cAMP levels occurred attesting to the validity of both approaches in evaluating hepatic cyclic nucleotide responses. These results plus the paucity of convincing data in the literature strongly suggest that cGMP can no longer be considered a candidate for the putative second messenger of insulin.
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  • 23
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    European journal of applied physiology 46 (1981), S. 249-259 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Cold ; Glucose ; Insulin ; Glucagon ; Somatostatin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The role of the endocrine pancreas in glucose production (Ra), utilization (Rd), and metabolic clearance (R'd) was investigated during acute exposure to cold in normal normothermic dogs. Two ambient temperatures (TaN=+25
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  • 24
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    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 355 (1981), S. 648-648 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Resection ; Insulin ; Glucagon ; Somatostatin ; Magenresektion ; Somatostatin ; Glucagon ; Insulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einer tierexperimentellen Untersuchungsreihe wurde die Freisetzungskinetik der insulären Hormone Insulin und Glucagon und die peripheren Somatostatinspiegel nach Magenresektion mit unterschiedlichen gastroduodenalen und gastrojejunalen Anastomosierungstechniken untersucht. Die Insulinfreisetzung nach distaler Magenresektion mit gastrojejunaler Anastomose unterscheidet sich quantitativ aber nicht qualitativ von den nichtoperierten Kontrolltieren. Glucagon wird nach Ausschluß des Duodenums aus der Nahrungsmittelpassage inadäquat freigesetzt. Periphere Somatostatinwerte waren postprandial nur bei erhaltener Duodenalpassage meßbar.
    Notes: Summary Regulation of the endocrine pancreas receives important impulses from the duodenum and the upper gastrointestinal tract. Insulin release after distal stomach resection with gastrojejunal anastomoses shows quantitative, but no qualitative difference compared to that of the controls. The release pattern of glucagon after elimination of the duodenum from the digestive passage shows a low peripherial increase. After excluding duodenal passage, somatostatin shows a partial lack of peripherially measurable values.
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  • 25
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 11-16 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; SCOT column ; Coating, liquid phase ; Single-step coating ; Phenols ; Phenolic acids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A single-step coating method for the preparation of glass capillary SCOT columns is described. It is reproducible and less time-consuming than the well-known two-step coating procedures. Other methods attempted are discussed briefly. Both the flame ionization and electron capture detectors could be used in conjunction with temperature programming. The separations achieved with an “activity mixture”, phenols and phenolic acids, illustrate the resolution obtained. The columns are suitable for quantitative determinations and a comparison is made with a conventional packed column.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 26
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 35-36 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gel permeation chromatography, GPC ; High-speed analysis ; Pollen allergen extract ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 27
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 115-120 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: TLC ; Gradient and continuous development ; Amino acids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thin-layer gradient elution chromatography is a convenient technique for separation of very complicated mixtures; in some cases the gradient technique can be replaced by continuous development. The two techniques are compared in practice by using them to separate a mixture of dabsyl derivatives of amino acids.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 28
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 123-124 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: (GC)2 in short capillaries ; Liquid crystalline stationary phase ; Supercooled temperature range ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 29
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 302-304 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography ; Hemagglutinin glycoprotein of influenza virus investigated ; Peptide separation ; 14C labeling for identification ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The potential of reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) for the separation of the tryptic glycopeptides of the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein of influenza virus has been investigated. Excellent separation was accomplished with sample recovery of at least 90-95% by the utilization of an octadecasilyl silica stationary phase and a phosphoric acid/n-propanol solvent system. Eight glycosylated tryptic peptide classes were resolved from the HA glycoprotein of the A/USSR/90/77 virus strain.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 30
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 477-478 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Square relationship ; Effect of separation efficiency ; Simple equation for plate comparison ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 31
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 42-42 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 32
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 141-142 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: TLC ; Reflectance ; Transmission ; Probability vector ; Transition matrix ; Markov chains ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Changes of reflected and transmitted light in cases where a band lies in different sublayers of a thin-layer chromatogram are calculated by the use of Markov chains. The problem of a “random walk with absorbing barriers” is described and compared with the problem of transmission and reflectance of light in a layer of sorbent.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 33
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 151-155 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; XAD-2 resin ; Fungicide residues, determination in wine and grape juice ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The fungicides Bupirimate, Fenarimol, and Vinclozolin were sprayed on Vines. The fruits were harvested 8 and 21 days after the final application and processed to juice and wine. The fungicide residues were determined by filtration of the samples throug XAD-2 after pH adjustment, elution with methylene chloride, and glass capillary gas chromatography with SE-30 as stationary phase. Residue values of the three compounds were reported before and after fermentation. The precision of the analytical method was established by spiking portuguese white wine and spanish grape juice with the three fungicides and Triadimefon. The recoveries were in the range 80%-100%, except for Vinclozolin.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 34
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 183-183 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; End-sealing technique for static coating ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 35
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 197-200 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 36
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 215-217 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Direct method for flavor evaluation ; Aromatic herbs analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple, quick method is described for GC head space evaluation of herbs and drugs. The proposed procedure consists of milling a weighed sample of a certain herb in a glass device like a Braun MXK coffee grinder, modified in such a way that a special gas-tight valve allows the direct sampling of the vapors. Glass capillary columns are used to analyze the head space volatiles. Some preliminary applications of the method are given.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 37
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 232-232 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Static coating ; Sealing method ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 38
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 237-239 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: HPLC fluorescence detection ; Pre-column derivatization ; Glibenclamide ; Serum drug levels ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 39
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 253-254 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 40
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 42-42 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 41
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 81-83 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: HPLC bonded phases ; Derivatisation of aminopropyl silica ; Resolution of enantiomers ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 42
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 308-308 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 43
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 38-39 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillary column ; Activity ; Hydroxylated surfaces ; Dehydroxylated surfaces ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 44
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981) 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 45
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 83-85 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: HPLC ; Nanoliter volume detector ; 1.5 × 10-5 AU noise (0.1 μl 0.1% benzene in methanol) ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 46
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 95-96 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 47
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 132-134 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Ion-pair reversed-phase HPLC ; Chlorhexidine in pharmaceutical preparations ; Quantitation within 0.66-3.41% relative standard deviation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 48
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 142-142 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 49
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981) 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 50
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 247-248 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas Chromatography ; No simple relationship found between polarity of polysiloxane phases and N-TFA amino acid butyl esters ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this work, we have investigated the influence of the polarities and structures of 13 polysiloxanes on the retention of some N-TFA N-butyl esters of amino acids. Gehrke [1] was the first to examine the possible relationship between polarity and retention data of amino acid derivatives for 9 stationary liquid phases. He concluded that the molecular structure of the stationary liquid phase is an important factor determining retention.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 51
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 287-291 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin layer chromatography, TLC ; Ion exchange resin plates/tert-butyl alcohol, H2O, Na2HPO4, Nacl; ethanol, H2O, Na-acetate, NaCl ; Sulfonamides and other chemotherapeutic substances ; Qualitative analysis ; Effect of pH variation on Rf values ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A thin-layer chromatographic method is described for sulfonamides and some other chemotherapeutic compounds. Ion-exchange resin precoated plates (Fixion 50 × 8 Na+, Chinoin, Budapest or Polygram Ionex-25 SA-Na, Macherey-Nagel and Co.,Düren, FRG) are employed with Na2HPO4 or Na-acetate (adjusted to different pH values) containing NaCl and tert-butyl alcohol or ethanol as developing solvent system. For qualitative and/or semiquantitave determinations the chromatograms can be stained: (A) with o-tolidine, after chlorination; (B) with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde; (C) with p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde.
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  • 52
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 346-347 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; WCOT-glass capillary ; Organophosphorus insecticides ; Pesticides ; Metabolites ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This article considers the separation of 23 organophosphorus insecticides to which two metabolites have been added. The high resolution of the column permits detection of the Z and E isomers of three of these insecticides.
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  • 53
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 361-362 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 54
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 366-384 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: GC/MS ; Capillary columns, fused silica ; Priority pollutants ; Quantitation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Operational characteristics have been determined for fused silica capillary column (FSCC) GC/MS as applied to “extractable” priority polutants. Chromatographic data show excellent relative retention time (RRT) intralaboratory precision and interlaboratory accuracy when multiple internal standards are empolyed. Potential chromatographic problems, such as column overload and “double peaking”, are addressed. Response factor relative standard deviations (RSD) at 50 ng for most of the extractable priority pollutants over the long term indicated precise determination (i.e. RSD generally ≤ 10%). Linearity was demonstrated over two orders of magnitude for FSCC GC/MS analysis of compounds with relatively low and high RF (response factor) values. Potential quantitative problems, such as saturation, are discussed. For certain aromatic priority pollutants interlaboratory RF agreement was observed. This was noted as perhaps the most important property of FSCC GC/MS analysis when the multiple internal standard approach is utilized. Determinations of extractable priority pollutants are directly compared for paced column GC/MS and FSCC GC/MS analysis of separate and composited extracts. For six extracts analyzed in triplicate, the latter configuration was shown to produce more consistent results. In view of the superior analysis logistics of composite extract FSCC GC/MS analysis, this approach was established as the preferred method for the analysis of priority pollutants classified as extractable.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 55
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 393-397 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; Simultaneous detection ; Splitting capillary effluent ; Detection limit of 1 ppm Archlor 1254 ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A state-of-the-art gas chromatographic system for automatic simultaneous detection of halogenated and normal hydrocarbons has been developed, which consists of a standard Hewlett-Packard 5880 with a fused silica capillary column, whose effluent is split between the standard flame ionization detector and a Tracor Hall electroconductivity detector. The system provedes excellent capillary chromatography results and high sensitivity for halogenated compounds (a detection limit of 1 ppm Archlor 1254 in fuel oil). Reliability has been provides in the daily analysis of complex environmental samples.Emergency response cleanup and the containment of hazardous chemical spills and chemical dump sites forces one to deal with samples that are very complex. The contain large numbers of naturally occurring organic compounds and varying types of organic pollutants. Capillary chromatographic techniques of gas chromatographic and gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analyses are necessary to achieve the resolution required for the analysis of these samples.
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  • 56
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin layer chromatography ; Use of molten solids as mobile phase advantageous ; Migration at higher temperature (80-180°C) studied ; Correction of front position for unsaturated flow possible ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This paper considers some aspects of a new TLC technique using a molten mobile phase which is solid under ambient conditions. The flow of high-boiling mobile phase at elevated temperature in thin-layer chromatography has been investigated and it is shown that the equation Zf2 = kt is not applicable to migration of the high boiling mobile phase front. The flow stability of the high-boiling mobile phase is noted. It is suggested on the basis of studies of concentration profiles of the solidified mobile phases by scanning photometers that the shape of the mobile phase concentration profile be taken into account in calculation of Rf Values.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 57
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981) 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 58
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 500-507 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography ; Weak anion exchanger ; Octadecyl bonded packing ; Urine analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The analysis of ultraviolet-absorbing constituents in urine was undertaken by anion-exchange and reversed-phase liquid chromatography. A newly developed anion exchanger (TSK-IEX540 DEAE) was used for ion-exchange mode liquid chromatography and its high polarity and physical strength greatly reduced the analysis time. Up to 80 peaks were resolved within 30 min. Hydrophobicity values were used to predict the retention times of acids in reversed-phase mode liquid chromatography.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 59
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 523-524 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Split injection ; Injection time influence ; PAH ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 60
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 533-534 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; End-sealing method for static coating ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 61
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 532-533 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Micro high performance liquid chromatography, MHPLC ; Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, FT- IR ; Combination of MHPLC and FT-IR ; KBr buffer memory technique ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 62
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 546-546 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 63
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 557-560 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin layer chromatography, TLC, HPTLC ; Reversed phase, chemically bonded ; Phenols ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 64
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 580-581 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Coal gasification tar ; Boiling point distribution ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 65
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 584-585 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Reverse-phase mode ; TBAOAc/NH4OAc ion-pairing reagent circumvents problems ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 66
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 591-594 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 67
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981) 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 68
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 647-648 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Direct injection of silicone fluids method of choice for determining trace organic contaminants ; ≥ 1 ppm toluene determined ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 69
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 653-654 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Diastereoisomer separation of organic sulfites ; Bis(2-aryl-3-oxotetrahydro-2H-1,2-oxazin-5-yl) sulfite ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 70
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 659-660 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin layer chromatography, TLC ; Quantitation by TLC scanner ; Detection mode, reflection ; Measuring mode, absorbance ; RSD 3% for carbofuran and 1% for quinalphos ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 71
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 3-5 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Molecular weight distribution ; Polyglycol GC stationary phases ; Carbowax ; Ucon ; Pluronic ; Emulphor ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The width of the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of polymer stationary phases influences their polarity and other gas chromatographic characteristics. The MWD of the most frequently used polyglycol-type stationary phases such as Carbowax, Ucon, Emulphor and Pluronic has been determined and compared. The MWD determined by gel chromatography allows for the characterization of the actual batch of a stationary phase, provides a check on its consistency and helps to screen out the apparently less promising phases.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 72
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 24-26 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: HPTLC ; HPLC ; GC/MS ; Methyl hydroxybenzoate (MHB) ; Propyl hydroxybenzoate (PHB) ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Different chromatographic methods for determination of methyl hydroxybenzoate and propyl hydroxybenzoate in pharmaceutical formulations are compared. Procedures for HPTLC, HPLC and GC/MS are given.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 73
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 37-38 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: HPLC ; Cardenolides in Convallaria majalis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cardenolides of Convallaria majalis were separated by reverse-phase HPLC on Partisil PXS 10/25 ODS columns using 25% acetonitrile as mobile phase. Periplorhamnoside, convallatoxin and either convallatoxol or convalloside were resolved from glycoside mixtures. Convallatoxin and periplorhamnoside were identified in plant extracts, convalloside and convallatoxol were not resolved from non-cardenolide material present in leaf extracts.
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  • 74
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 79-80 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Glass capillary columns ; Barium carbonate ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 75
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 86-89 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Packed columns ; Multidimensional switching, MDSS ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A multidimensional switching system with two packed columns has been used for the analysis of volatiles. Use of a high-boiling solvent and the backflush mode permitted total resolution of the mixture discussed in a short analysis time.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 76
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981) 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 77
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 102-108 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Series-coupled columns with different stationary phases ; Independent temperature control of columns ; Constant mass flow rate ; Retention time expressions ; Theory ; Selectivity control ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The technique of controlling chromatographic selectivity by the adjustment of column temperatures in systems of series-coupled columns is investigated by means of a general model incorporating the effects of temperature and mobile phase compressibility. In a previous article the performance of series-coupled columns was investigated under conditions of constant overall pressure drop. The present paper, on the other hand, considers systems in which a constant mass flow rate is maintained at all temperatures. The expressions derived for the effective partition coefficient and the retention time are compared with those of the previous paper. The numerical results for two-column systems exhibit the same major trends as those for constant pressure drop. It is shown that the effective partition coefficient is slightly dependent on the mass flow rate.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 78
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 127-129 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas liquid chromatography ; Open tubular capillary columns ; Adsorption and resolution ; Hydrocarbons ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 79
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 130-131 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry ; Atrazine ; Quantification ; Triazine herbicides ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 80
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 143-145 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 81
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 147-148 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 82
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 164-168 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Simultaneous detection with effluent splitter ; Element-specific detection ; Petroleum residues ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two glass capillary gas chromatographic systems were equipped with inert effluent splitters which allowed simultaneous data acquisition using nonspecific and element-specific detectors. Simultaneous detection was achieved using the nonspecific flame ionization detector (FID) and the Hall® electrolytic conductivity detector (HECD) operated in either the sulfur-or the nitrogen-specific mode. Typical application of the simultaneous detection system as applied to analysis of petroleum residues is briefly described. The Hall electrolytic conductivity detector can be made element specific for halogen-, sulfur-, or nitrogen-containing compounds. Simultaneous detection enhances the information yield from a single sample injection and proves to be a powerful complementary technique when used with computerized gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 83
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 186-187 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Effluent splitter, preparation of ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 84
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 191-192 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 85
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 218-223 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Column preparation ; “Split” vs. “on-column” injection ; Amino acid analysis, quantitative 10 ng level ; Average relative standard deviation 1% ; Fish muscle protein analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A carefully Standardized technique is described for the preparation of glass capillary columns which can be used successfully for routine quantitative amino acid analysis. Comparison is made between two different modes of sample injection. Preliminary quantitative results from “split” injection and “on-column” injection techniques are evaluated statistically and it is concluded that the “on-column” system is a prerequisite for quantitative amino acid analysis by glass capillary gas chromatography. An analysis of fish muscle protein hydrolyzate illustrates an application of this technique and results are compared with those from a packed column analysis.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 86
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 224-227 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin-layer adsorption chromatography ; Optimum separation ; Binary mobile phases ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The measure of the distribution of a mixture of substances in TLC with a binary mobile phase is expressed as ΔRM1,2i,j which represents the difference between the RM values of substances i and j on use of the binary solvent 1 + 2 as the mobile phase. The possibility of determining its maximum value at an optimum composition of the binary mobile phase is demonstrated in this paper. This value can calculated from experimental and theoretical functions RM1,2 = f(Φ1) of substance i and j. More simply, ΔRM1,2i,j can be calculated theoretically from easily measurable adsorption parameters of excess adsorption isotherms and from chromatographic parameters obtained for pure solvents. The ΔRM1,2i,j value calculated theoretically can be utilized in a pilot technique for determination of the optimum composition of the mobile phase in gradient liquid chromatography.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 87
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 437-443 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Gas chromatographic profiles ; n-Butylboronates ; Alkyl-oximes ; Primary prostaglandins ; 6-Keto prostaglandin F1α ; Thromboxane B2 ; Isomers of prostaglandin F1α ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This work describes the use of glass capillary columns (GCC) in the rapid concurrent analysis of primary prostaglandins (PGs) (e. g. PGE2, PGE2, PGF2α) and other functionally significant metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA) such as TXB2 and 6-keto PGF1α. The use of a new multistep mixed derivatization approach that generates the methyl esters of n-butylboronate, pentafluorobenzyloxime, trimethylsilyl ether derivatives of these compounds remarkably simplifies the GC profiling of the three main pathways of AA metabolism (PGs, thromboxane, and prostacyclin). Furthermore, isomeric species giving very similar or identical mass spectral patterns can be easily identified by their relative retention times on high efficiency capillary columns.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 88
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 276-279 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography ; Linear elution strength mobile phase technique ; Calculation of eluent compostion ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The use of gradient elution in RP-HPLC is increasing. Aqueous buffers, such as phosphate at pH 1.7, with acetonitrile as the organic modifier are particularly advantageous as eluents with linear elution strength (LES). In the isocratic mode, under the experimental conditions used, fairly good linearity exists between logk' and xB (xBº is the volume ratio of the organic modifier, i.e. acetonitrile) with a correlation coefficient of 0.9995. The relationship between isocratic and gradient elution parameters, such as xB, xBº (starting composition in gradient elution), m (slope of the linear gradient), is transparent and the parameters of interest can be predicted fairly accurately using simple equations. The proposed system could be used in elaboration of a general retention index system for organic molecules in RP-HPLC.
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  • 89
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 482-482 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 90
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 495-499 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column, fused silica ; Mass spectrometry ; Interface, direct coupling ; On-column injection ; Aflatoxin B1 ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A novel fused silica capillary GC/MS direct coupling is described which ensures quantitative transfer of sample from the point of injection to the ion source of a mass spectrometer without contacting any surfaces other than the column wall. This device permits GC analysis of highly labile substances. Aflatoxin B1, previously considered unassayable by GC, can now be determined by GC/MS.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 91
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 309-314 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 92
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 292-292 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 93
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 292-292 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 94
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 333-336 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Rapid analysis ; On-line analysis ; Low molecular weight hydrocarbons ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Rapid analysis is important for on-line chromatography. Gaseous or vaporized samples have been injected via heated gas sampling valves of less than 500 μl dead volume. The critical sampling and split problems could be solved by temperature programming. The general analysis described could be successfully used inter alia in scouting reactions.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 95
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 357-358 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Partition thin-layer chromatography ; Pesticides ; Separation of the s-triazine herbicides ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 96
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 354-356 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: HPLC ; Derivatization of amino acids ; Effect of reaction pH on isoindole formation ; Effect of reaction time on isoindole formation ; 2-buffer program for HPLC separation of isoindoles ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 97
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 365-365 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 98
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 409-410 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Micro-HPLC ; Capillary columns, preparation ; Optical monitor ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 549-552 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Optically active stationary phase ; Amino acids, enantiomeric derivatives ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An enantiomeric mixture of amino acids is derivatized to give the respective N(O)-perfluoroacyl alkyl esters which can be resolved directly by gas chromatography on a Chirasil-Val capillary column. The retention times, resolution numbers, and elution order are reported.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 578-579 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Crosslinked silicones ; Peroxide-initiated vulcanization ; Trifluoropylsilicone ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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