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  • 2010-2014
  • 1990-1994  (335)
  • 1994  (335)
  • Conference proceedings  (179)
  • Immunohistochemistry  (156)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FU-3 monoclonal antibody: a specific marker for malignant fibrous histiocytoma? An analysis of 32 malignant soft tissue and bone sarcomas (1994)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 424 (1994), S. 243-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Malignant fibrous histiocytoma ; Soft tissue sarcomas ; Immunohistochemistry ; Monoclonal antibody
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An immunohistochemical study on frozen sections was carried out on 51 malignant tumours of soft tissue and bone using the FU-3 monoclonal antibody. This antibody is claimed to be specific for malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) and liposarcoma and for normal and tumour cells located in perivascular fields. The results show a lack of specificity in MFH staining: several malignant tumours such as synovial sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, and including an anaplastic malignant melanoma, presented positive staining somewhat similar to that found in MFH. The value of this antibody in the differential diagnosis of MFH is doubtful. It might be useful to recognize a common pathway of terminal differentiation expressed by several pleomorphic sarcomatous neoplasms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194607
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical reaction patterns of keratins in MNNG-induced shrew oesophageal carcinomas (1994)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 424 (1994), S. 267-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Keratin ; Immunohistochemistry ; MNNG ; Oesophageal carcinoma ; Shrew
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of keratins in N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced oesophageal carcinomas in shrews was tested immunohistochemically, using a panel of seven different monoclonal antibodies. The studies were done on methacarn-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue, using the labelled streptavidin biotin method, and the relationship between morphological characteristics and keratin reaction patterns in carcinomas was analysed and compared with that in adjacent “normal” oesophageal epithelium. In the normal oesophageal epithelia, KL1, AE1, AE3, CK8.12 and CK4.62 stained suprabasal cells, 312C8-1 reacted to basal cells, and KS-1A3 labelled all epithelial cells. In squamous cell carcinomas, almost all the cancer cells were labelled strongly by 312C8-1 and weakly by KS-1A3, while a few cells in the centres of the keratinized foci were stained by KL1, AE1, AE3, CK8.12, and CK4.62. Like human oesophageal carcinomas, shrew oesophageal carcinomas maintain expression of human keratin 14, as determined by 312C8-1. The expression of human keratin 13, as determined by KS-1A3, was down-regulated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194610
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of congenital and postnatally acquired human cytomegalovirus infection in infants: lack of expression of viral immediate early protein in congenital cases (1994)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 424 (1994), S. 121-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Cytomegalic inclusion disease ; Viral replication ; Viral regulatory proteins ; Immunohistochemistry ; In situ hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Postmortem tissues from infants with congenital and postnatally acquired human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection were examined by routine histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) to determine the dynamics of viral replication in vivo. Histologically, infants in both groups showed characteristic inclusion-bearing cells most commonly in lung, kidney, liver and pancreas. IHC for late proteins using a rabbit polyclonal antibody and ISH for viral genomes detected most of the infected cells as nuclear and/or cytoplasmic signals. However, immunostaining with a monoclonal antibody against viral immediate early (IE) proteins was variable depending on the stage of viral replication within an individual infected cell. In tissues of infants with postnatal HCMV infection, many cells harboured IE antigens, while in tissues from congenital cases most of the affected cells lacked IE antigens and only a few showed cytoplasmic staining. The difference was not caused by the antigenic diversity among viral strains as confirmed by in vitro study. Our findings suggested that congenital infections exhibited uniformly late stage proteins with inactive viral replication at death, while acquired ones remained active. The different viral activity may reflect the immune status of congenital and acquired HCMV infections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193490
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    L- and M2- pyruvate kinase expression in renal cell carcinomas and their metastases (1994)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 424 (1994), S. 177-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: L-pyruvate kinase ; M2-pyruvate kinase ; Kidney neoplasms ; Carbohydrate metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using immunohistochemical and enzyme biochemical methods we investigated the expression of L- and M2-pyruvate kinase (PK) in normal renal tissue, renal cell carcinomas (RCCs; of clear cell, chromophilic cell and mixed cell type) and RCC metastases. L-PK was expressed in the proximal tubules of normal renal tissue and, to a variable extent, in 23/25 primary RCCs, in 1 RCC recurrence and in 10 RCC metastases. Staining intensity and percentage of stained tissue did not correlate with tumour grade. One renal oncocytoma and all extrarenal malignancies examined lacked L-PK immunoreactivity. M2-PK was mainly expressed in the distal tubules of the normal kidney and was found in all renal tumours as well as extrarenal malignancies. Quantitative biochemical investigations yielded a two- to seventeen-fold increase in PK activity in RCCs compared to the normal renal cortex taken from the same patient, whereas fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and cytosolic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was dramatically lower in RCCs. Otherwise, the activity of all other enzymes investigated (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, enolase and lactate dehydrogenase) was not significantly changed in the RCCs. The immunocytochemical results suggest that L-PK is a useful marker for RCC and its metastases, if acetone-fixed tissue is available. The quantitative changes of the concentration of PK and other enzymes in RCCs when compared with normal renal tissue probably reflect metabolic alterations related to tumour growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193498
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sarcoma of the pulmonary artery: report of four cases with electron microscopic and immunohistochemical examinations, and review of the literature (1994)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 424 (1994), S. 217-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Pulmonary artery ; Neoplasm ; Sarcoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Herein we report the clinicopathological features of four cases of pulmonary artery sarcoma that appeared at our institution during a period of 30 years. The patients, 2 males and 2 females, were 50–62 years old. Tumour was found in the pulmonary trunk and right pulmonary artery in all cases, in the pulmonary valve and left pulmonary artery in three of the four cases, and in the right ventricular outflow tract in one case. There was direct extension or metastases to the lungs in two cases, the heart in one case, mediastinum or lymph nodes in two cases and the pleura in one case. Ultrastructural examination in one case revealed cells with features of smooth muscle cells and myofibroblasts. Immunohistochemical examination of three cases gave the following results: vimentin and smooth muscle specific actin was positive in all three cases, desmin in one case and cytokeratin in one case. No positivity was found for Factor VIII. This and other studies indicate that histologically most pulmonary artery sarcomas are leiomyosarcomas or “undifferentiated spindle cell sarcomas”. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural examinations favour an origin from myofibroblasts, probably derived from multipotent (undifferentiated) cells in the wall of the vessel. Most lesions show extensive intrathoracic growth although they rarely metastasize outside the thoracic cavity. They have a poor prognosis although some cases are currently being diagnosed during life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193503
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An immunohistochemical study of the extracellular matrix in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its association with invasive and metastatic potential (1994)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 424 (1994), S. 257-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Extracellular matrix ; Immunohistochemistry ; Squamous cell carcinoma ; Invasiveness ; Metastasis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The expression of extracellular matrices (ECMs) laminin (LN), type IV collagen (IV C), heparansulphate proteoglycan (HS-PG), fibronectin (FN), tenascin (TN), decorin and vitronectin (VN) was examined immunohistochemically in 112 primary tumours and 29 metastatic cervical lymph nodes in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In highly invasive primary tumours, the expression of LN, IV C and HS-PG in the basement membrane along the tumour-stroma borderline and the expression of decorin and VN in the tumour stroma at the invasive site were all significantly decreased. The expression of FN and TN in the tumour stroma at the same site was markedly increased. In peritumour stroma in metastatic lymph nodes, LN, IV C, HS-PG, decorin and VN were weakly expressed, while FN and TN were strongly expressed. Thus, the staining pattern of the ECMs in the metastatic lymph nodes was similar to that in highly invasive primary tumours. Furthermore, in primary tumours of metastatic cases, the expression of LN, IV C, HS-PG, decorin and VN obviously decreased, while the expression of FN and TN increased when compared with those of the non-metastatic cases. The investigation of ECMs in OSCC was valuable in predicting tumour behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194609
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cathepsin D and E co-expression in sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease) and Langerhans' cell histiocytosis: further evidences of a phenotypic overlap between these histiocytic disorders (1994)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 424 (1994), S. 601-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Cathepsin D ; Cathepsin E ; Rosai-Dorfman disease ; Langerhans' cell histiocytosis ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Nosological classification of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML; Rosai-Dorfman disease) is difficult, and the normal cellular counterpart of Rosai-Dorfman (RD) cells is uncharacterised. The peculiar S-100+ phenotype of RD cells suggests a relationship with the dendritic cell family. Recent investigations have revealed cathepsin E to be selectively concentrated in antigen-presenting cells, whereas cathepsin D was found to be expressed in cells of macrophage lineage. Cathepsin D and E distribution was investigated by immunohistochemistry in a series of SHML biopsies and in two types of dendritic cell proliferative lesions: dermatopathic lymphadenitis (DL) and Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH). In SHML biopsies, RD cells and monocyte-related elements of the sinuses and pulp coexpressed cathepsin D and E. LCH cells also stained for both these aspartic proteinases. Conversely, in DL cathepsin E and D were localised to separate cells that resembled Langerhans' cells (LC) or macrophages, respectively, in morphology and distribution. Our data outline the peculiar immunophenotype of RD and LCH cells and suggest that caution should be exercised in the identification of their normal cellular counterpart. The common expression of cathepsin D and E and of S-100 protein suggests some phenotypic overlap between SHML and LCH cells, despite their striking morphological divergence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195773
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoreactivity for bcl-2 protein in malignant mesothelioma and non-neoplastic mesothelium (1994)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 424 (1994), S. 631-634 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Bcl-2 protein ; Mesothelioma ; Pleura ; Immunohistochemistry ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immunohistochemical study of bcl-2 protein immunoreactivity in human non-neoplastic mesothelium (44 cases) and in malignant mesothelioma (62 cases) using a murine monoclonal antibody (clone 124) showed cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for bcl-2 protein in five cases of malignant mesothelioma. Non-neoplastic mesothelium was not immunoreactive. Immunoreactivity for bcl-2 protein does not add useful prognostic information in malignant mesothelioma since survival times of bcl-2 positive and bcl-2 negative cases did not differ. Nevertheless, the detection of bcl-2 protein in malignant mesothelioma might be useful for the differentiation from reactive mesothelium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195777
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoreactivity for bcl-2 protein in malignant mesothelioma and non-neoplastic mesothelium (1994)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 424 (1994), S. 631-634 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Bcl-2 protein ; Mesothelioma ; Pleura ; Immunohistochemistry ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immunohistochemical study of bcl-2 protein immunoreactivity in human non-neoplastic mesothelium (44 cases) and in malignant mesothelioma (62 cases) using a murine monoclonal antibody (clone 124) showed cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for bcl-2 protein in five cases of malignant mesothelioma. Non-neoplastic mesothelium was not immunoreactive. Immunoreactivity for bcl-2 protein does not add useful prognostic information in malignant mesothelioma since survival times of bcl-2 positive and bcl-2 negative cases did not differ. Nevertheless, the detection of bcl-2 protein in malignant mesothelioma might be useful for the differentiation from reactive mesothelium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01069743
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cathepsin D and E co-expression in sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease) and Langerhans' cell histiocytosis: further evidences of a phenotypic overlap between these histiocytic disorders (1994)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 424 (1994), S. 601-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Cathepsin D ; Cathepsin E ; Rosai-Dorfman disease ; Langerhans' cell histiocytosis ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Nosological classification of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML; Rosai-Dorfman disease) is difficult, and the normal cellular counterpart of Rosai-Dorfman (RD) cells is uncharacterised. The peculiar S-100+ phenotype of RD cells suggests a relationship with the dendritic cell family. Recent investigations have revealed cathepsin E to be selectively concentrated in antigen-presenting cells, whereas cathepsin D was found to be expressed in cells of macrophage lineage. Cathepsin D and E distribution was investigated by immunohistochemistry in a series of SHML biopsies and in two types of dendritic cell proliferative lesions: dermatopathic lymphadenitis (DL) and Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH). In SHML biopsies, RD cells and monocyte-related elements of the sinuses and pulp coexpressed cathepsin D and E. LCH cells also stained for both these aspartic proteinases. Conversely, in DL cathepsin E and D were localised to separate cells that resembled Langerhans' cells (LC) or macrophages, respectively, in morphology and distribution. Our data outline the peculiar immunophenotype of RD and LCH cells and suggest that caution should be exercised in the identification of their normal cellular counterpart. The common expression of cathepsin D and E and of S-100 protein suggests some phenotypic overlap between SHML and LCH cells, despite their striking morphological divergence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01069739
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of endothelin-1 in non-neoplastic and neoplastic adrenal gland tissue (1994)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 425 (1994), S. 259-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Endothelin-1 ; Adrenal gland ; Adrenal tumour ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Endothelin (ET)-1 is a 21-amino acid peptide with potent vasopressor and vasocontrictive properties. Biochemical studies suggest that this peptide occurs in adrenal glands, where it influences steroid hormone production. However, we have found no report of the topographical distribution of this peptide. The localization of ET-1 immunoreactivity in non-neoplastic (37 cases) and neoplastic adrenal glands (48 cases) was investigated with a sensitive immunohistochemical technique applied to routinely processed tissue specimens. ET-1 immunoreactivity was regularly seen in the cortex, especially in the zona fasciculata and to a varying extent also in the other two zones, but not in the medulla. The immunoreactive material appeared in the cytoplasm mostly in the form of vacuolar structures but also as grains. Focally, the cell membrane also showed immunoreactive staining. In the zona reticularis the immunoreactivity appeared mainly as cytoplasmic grains. Most cortical adenomas displayed numerous immunoreactive cells. The immunoreactivity in the tumour tissue appeared in the same forms as in normal cortex, but the reactive products were generally fewer in number. No obvious differences in immunostaining were seen between the aldosterone- and cortisol-producing adenomas or the non-functioning ones. Three of the ten carcinomas contained immunoreactive cells, but they were few, appearing focally and the ET-1 immunoreactive structures were seen as ‘dust-like’ material. The difference in immunoreactivity between the benign and the malignant cortical neoplasms may be of diagnostic value. Functionally our results support a relationship between ET-1 and steroid regulation in non-neoplastic cortical tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196148
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Giant cell reparative granuloma of the distal skeletal bones (1994)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 425 (1994), S. 315-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Giant cell reparative granuloma ; Solid aneurysmal bone cyst ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Giant cell reparative granuloma (GCRG) is a reactive bone lesion that most often involves the jaws. However, occasional cases of GCRG in the distal extremities have been reported, to which we add five cases. All the patients were young to middle-aged adults and had sharply bordered, lytic lesions. Histologically, all the lesions had areas of osteoclast-like giant cells and osteoblast mantled osteoid. Two of the cases had foci of osteoclast-like giant cells lining vascular spaces. In extragnathic locations, GCRG may simulate other osteolytic giant cells lesions such as giant cell tumour of bone and aneurysmal bone cyst (AnBC). Immunohistochemically, all cases showed positive staining of the stromal spindle cells for vimentin and actin, and of the osteoclast-like giant cells for CD68, vimentin and leucocyte common antigen. GCRG is a benign lesion and conservative therapy is curative. As GCRG may have histological features which resemble AnBC it may be considered to be the solid variant of AnBC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196155
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PIP/GCDFP-15 gene expression and apocrine differentiation in carcinomas of the breast (1994)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 425 (1994), S. 459-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Breast neoplasms ; Apocrine glands ; Immunohistochemistry ; Hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The frequency and the significance of apocrine differentiation in carcinomas of the breast are uncertain, because of the lack of reliable and reproducible criteria for morphological diagnosis. The 15 kDa glycoprotein of cystic breast disease (GCDFP-15) is regarded as a specific functional marker of apocrine cells. Expression of the prolactin-inducible protein (PIP)/GCDFP-15 gene was investigated by Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization in breast cancer cell lines and in an unselected series (33 cases) of primary carcinomas of the breast. On the same cases, histological assessment of apocrine differentiation and immunocytochemical detection of GCDFP-15 were also performed and correlated with follow-up data. The presence of PIP/GCDFP-15 mRNA was a feature of a relatively high number of cases, but was incompletely correlated with histological and immunocytochemical evidences of apocrine differentiation. Expression of the PIP/GCDFP-15 gene was significantly associated with relapse-free survival, and may represent a novel variable of functional and prognostic relevance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00197548
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystoadenocarcinomas: an immunohistochemical and molecular study (1994)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 424 (1994), S. 53-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystoadenocarcinoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; K-ras mutation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Special immunohistochemical stains for the identification of gastroenteropancreatic antigens in two cases of primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystoadenocarcinomas (PRMC) show that these tumours have patterns similar to ovarian mucinous tumours. Markers of pyloric type gastric mucosa differentiation (M1, cathepsin E, concavavalin A, pepsinogen II) are mostly positive in benign and borderline areas with endocervical type differentiation, while immunoreactivity for intestinal cell markers (M3SI and CAR-5) and for DU-PAN-2 is present mainly in frankly malignant areas, regardless of differentiation type. DNA analysis shows a point mutation of K-ras oncogene at codon 12 (GGT to CGT) in one case. The immunohistochemical and genotypic similarity of PRMC and ovarian mucinous tumours may indicate similar mechanisms in their histogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00197393
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proliferating cell nuclear antigen in breast carcinomas (1994)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 424 (1994), S. 39-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen ; Immunohistochemistry ; Breast carcinomas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), was examined by immunohistochemistry in 509 breast carcinomas. The immunoreactivity was found to be independent of the length of fixation when the tissue sections were microwaved before incubation with the primary antibody. The PCNA immunoreactivity was assessed by two semi-quantitative methods, which were correlated but not exchangeable. The comedo type of intraductal carcinomas and invasive ductal carcinomas had a higher PCNA score than other types. Lymph node metastases had a significantly higher PCNA score than primary carcinomas. High PCNA immunoreactivity was correlated with the presence of lymph node metastases, absence of tubule formation, numerous mitoses, severe nuclear pleomorphism, high histological grade and absence of progesterone receptors (PgR). PCNA in lymph node positive tumours was correlated with tumour type, especially with ductal carcinomas, absence of tubule formation, high histological grade and absence of PgR, whereas PCNA in lymph node negative tumours was correlated with large tumour size, numerous mitoses, severe nuclear pleomorphism and high histological grade. Number of mitoses and nuclear pleomorphism were the two most important factors in predicting the PCNA score; the absence of PgR and nuclear pleomorphism were important in lymph node negative and positive tumours, respectively. In a univariate analysis high PCNA score was found to be correlated with shorter relapse-free period and poorer over-all survival.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00197391
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tumor cells induced by the v-src oncogene are heterogeneous for expression of markers of mesenchyme differentiation (1994)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 424 (1994), S. 83-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: v-src oncogene ; Rous sarcoma virus ; Fibrohistiocytic tumour ; Immunohistochemistry ; Southern blotting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The observation that v-src-induced tumors contain tumor cells of differing morphology, notably fibroblastoid or polygonal, raised the question as to whether the tumor cells are also heterogeneous with respect to expression of markers of cellular differentiation. Of the markers tested here, consistent reactivity for tumor tissue was noted only for antibody probes reactive to muscle actin (HHF35, αsm-1) or to procollagen type I (SP1. D8); for any given tumor, whether induced by v-src DNA or by Rous sarcoma virus, each of these markers was found only in a subpopulation of tumor cells. The observation of marker heterogeneity in the one v-src DNA-induced tumor examined here that typed as monoclonal suggests that v-src-induced transformation is consonant with a degree of plasticity in the phenotypes of the clonal progeny of a single transformant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00197397
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical evaluation of alpha-catenin expression in human gastric cancer (1994)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 424 (1994), S. 375-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Gastric cancer ; Alpha-catenin ; Immunohistochemistry ; E-cadherin ; Cancer invasion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract E-cadherin (E-cad) plays a major role in the maintenance of cell-cell adhesion in epithelial tissues, and impaired E-cad expression correlates with tumour invasion and metastasis. Alpha-catenin (α-cat), an undercoat protein of adherens junctions, binds to the cytoplasmic domain of E-cad and is essential for linking E-cad to actin-based cytoskeleton. We investigated E-cad and α-cat expression in 60 human gastric cancers immunohistochemically. The 60 gastric cancers were classified into 18 (30%) in which α-cat expression was preserved, and 42 (70%) reduced cases. The reduction of α-cat expression was significantly related to dedifferentiation, depth of invasion, infiltrative growth and lymph node metastasis. We also examined the co-expression of α-cat and E-cad. Seventeen (28%) tumours preserved both molecules [α-cat(+)/E-cad(+)] and 33 (55%) tumours reduced both [α-cat(−)/E-cad(−)], whereas 9 (15%) tumours exhibited α-cat(−)/E-cad(+). The frequency of lymph node metastasis in α-cat(−)/E-cad(+) tumour (67%) was significantly higher than that in α-cat(+)/E-cad(+) tumours (24%) and was close to that in α-cat(−)/E-cad(−) tumours (82%). The frequency of haematogenous liver metastasis in α-cat(−)/E-cad(+) tumours (44%) was significantly higher than that in α-cat(+)/E-cad(+) tumours (6%) or α-cat(−)/E-cad(−) tumours (9%). Thus, in all E-cad(+) tumours, the frequency of lymph node and liver metastasis was higher in α-cat(−) tumours than in α-cat(+) tumours. α-Cat expression is apparently better at predicting tumour invasion and metastasis than E-cad expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00190559
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia-lymphoma expressing cytokeratin: a case report (1994)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 425 (1994), S. 83-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Cytokeratin Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia ; lymphoma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This report presents a case of common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia-lymphoma expressing low molecular weight cytokeratin but no leukocyte common antigen (CD45) in a 57-year-old man. The unusual morphology and clinical course together with the aberrant immunohistochemical results suggested a diagnosis of undifferentiated carcinoma. A detailed immunohistochemistry study on frozen and paraffin sections and molecular analysis prevented a diagnostic mistake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193954
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunolabelling of hippocampal microvessel glucose transporter protein is reduced in Alzheimer's disease (1994)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 425 (1994), S. 69-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: GLUT-1 Glucose transporter protein ; Immunohistochemistry ; Microvessel endothelium ; Hippocampus ; Alzheimer's disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Changes in cerebral microvessel ultrastructure have been reported to occur in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In order to investigate whether these changes are associated with compromised blood-brain transport mechanisms, hippocampal formation sections from AD and age-matched normal brains were immunolabelled with an antibody to the GLUT-1 glucose transporter protein. GLUT-1 immunolabelling of microvessel endothelium was significantly reduced in the AD compared to normal hippocampal formation. Thus, AD is associated with a reduction in cerebral microvessel endothelium glucose transporter content, which may result in decreased glucose availability to the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193951
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tenascin expression in inflammatory, dysplastic and neoplastic lesions of the human stomach (1994)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 425 (1994), S. 369-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Tenascin ; Stomach ; Hyperplasia Carcinoma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Wie studied the expression of tenascin (Tn) in human stomach. In the normal mucosa of the antrum and body, Tn reaction was only seen in the muscularis mucosae, in the region of the pyloric sphincter and in the duodenum, a Tn-immunoreactive rim was seen underlying surface epithelial cells. Antral gastritis, irrespective of the degree of inflammation, showed a rim-like Tn expression under the surface epithelial cells but no Tn reaction was seen in mild chronic gastritis of the body. In some moderate and severe examples of chronic gastritis a delicate Tn-reactive line was seen to underline the surface epithelium focally and the neck regions of gastric pits. Discontinuous Tn immunoreactivity was sometimes seen beneath hyperplastic epithelium in both parts of the stomach. A Tn-immunoreactive line was seldom seen surrounding glands showing intestinal metaplasia. In both benign and malignant ulcers prominent Tn immunoreaction was seen at the base of ulcers extending deep into the underlying muscularis. Only severely dysplastic lesions displayed Tn in the lamina propria, in close association with capillaries. In early forms of diffuse gastric cancer (DGCA) raggedly increased Tn staining was seen in the lamina propria underlying affected surface epithelial cells. In advanced forms of DGCA consistent Tn expression was seen in the tumour stroma. A distinct Tn reaction was seen surrounding invasive tumour cell nests of intestinal type gastric cancer (IGCA) in the submucosa, whereas in early forms of the tumour enhanced Tn reaction was noted predominantly in the upper part of the lamina propria in the vicinity of dysplastic elements. Notably, while most invading DGCA tumour cell nests showed no Tn in the submucosa and muscle cell layer, invading IGCA islets showed prominent expression of Tn. The most conspicuous Tn enhancement in the stomach is seen in invasive tumours and in ulcers suggesting that Tn is an important stromal component in malignant growth and in lesions undergoing active repair and remodelling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00189574
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    p53 mutations in gastric and colorectal cancers in Texas Hispanics versus Anglos (1994)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 424 (1994), S. 187-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Adenocarcinoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Tumour suppressor gene ; Ethnicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Gastric cancer is more than twice as common in Hispanics as in Anglos in Texas, while colorectal cancer is almost twice as common in Anglos as Hispanics. To test the hypothesis that mutations in the p53 tumour suppressor gene are involved in these differences, we examined 131 gastric and 138 colorectal cancers from Hispanic and Anglo patients from South Texas and Mexico using immunohistochemistry (IHC) as a screening assay for p53 mutations. The fraction of p53 positive cases was not significantly different in gastric cancers from Hispanics compared to Anglos (43% versus 61%, respectively, p=0.13) or in colorectal cancer (57% versus 58%, respectively, p=1.0), suggesting that p53 mutations are not involved in causing the different incidences of these cancers in these populations. In addition, the types of p53 mutations arising in gastric tumours from Hispanic patients were consistent with those reported in gastric tumours in other populations. Sequencing of mutations in five gastric cancers revealed two G: C to A: T transitions, two A: T to G: C transitions and one complex deletion. In contrast with findings in studies in other tumour types, neither stage nor survival was associated with p53 positive staining by IHC in either gastric or colorectal tumours in this study. Positive p53 immunostaining was associated with the diffuse histological subtype in gastric carcinoma (p=0.05) and high histological grade in colorectal carcinoma (p=0.04).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193499
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preferential localization of c-kit product in tissue mast cells, basal cells of skin, epithelial cells of breast, small cell lung carcinoma and seminoma/dysgerminoma in human: immunohistochemical study on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues (1994)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 424 (1994), S. 135-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: C-kit product ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human normal tissue ; Small cell lung carcinoma ; Seminoma/dysgerminoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Eighteen hundred and eighty-four cases of human solid tumours and 833 samples of normal human tissues, formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded, were examined immunohistochemically for expression of c-kit oncogene product using polyclonal antibody against synthesized c-kit peptide. Seminoma/dysgerminoma and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) show preferential c-kit expression at 92% and 36% frequency, respectively, whereas only sporadic cases of cervical carcinoma and non-SCLC lung carcinoma show c-kit positivity. A normal tissue counterpart positive for c-kit product is detected in the testis (spermatocyte) and ovary (oocyte) but not in the lung or the cervix. In contrast, normal epithelial cells of the breast, skin basal cells and tissue mast cells harbour c-kit product, but transformed cells of the former two are largely deficient in the c-kit protein. One hundred and thirty-nine neuroendocrine tumours and 39 non-pulmonary small cell carcinomas were all negative, except for two cases of neuroblastoma. This indicates a distinct character for SCLC in c-kit expression. The c-kit product may be a useful marker in diagnostic pathology of seminoma/dysgermona and SCLC among human solid tumours, and in distinction of SCLC from non-pulmonary small cell carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193492
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of p53 protein in benign epithelial hyperplasia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, non-invasive and invasive mammary carcinoma: an immunohistochemical study (1994)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 424 (1994), S. 491-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: p53 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Breast cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To clarify whether p53 protein expression is involved in multistep carcinogenesis or the progression of mammary ductal carcinoma, we investigated p53 protein expression in 83 invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC), 10 IDC with a predominant intraductal component, 13 non-invasive ductal carcinoma (NIDC), 16 atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) and 39 benign epithelial hyperplasia (EH), using immunohistochemistry. Expression of p53 protein was detected in 24 (28.9%) cases of IDC, 5 (50%) cases of IDC with a predominant intraductal component and 1 (7.6%) case of NIDC. No expression was observed in either ADH or EH. In IDC, including cases with a predominant intraductal component, p53 protein expression was associated with a higher histological grade (P〈0.0001) or mitotic index (P〈0.0005). Although overexpression of c-erbB-2 protein has also shown a similar association with these prognostic indicators, expression of p53 protein correlated regardless of the status of c-erbB-2 overexpression. Completely coordinated expression of p53 protein was seen in both intraductal and invasive components. The intraductal component in IDC including cases with a predominant intraductal component which expresses p53 protein had significantly higher histological grade (P〈0.0005) or more comedo-subtypes (P〈0.0001). These results suggested that p53 protein expression occurs at a stage of NIDC with high histological grade or in comedo-subtypes. Its expression is maintained throughout invasion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00191434
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Malignant mesenchymomas of soft tissue associated with numerous osteoclast-like giant cells mimicking the so-called giant cell variant of “malignant fibrous histiocytoma” (1994)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 424 (1994), S. 539-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Mesenchymoma ; Osteoclast ; Giant cell Malignant fibrous histiocytoma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three cases of malignant mesenchymoma with numerous osteoclast-like giant cells, arising in deep soft tissue, and which mimicked the so-called giant cell variant of “malignant fibrous histiocytoma” have been studied. All three neoplasms arose in adults; two patients were male and one was female. Two tumours arose in the thigh, and one in the right shoulder. Two patients died within 2 years of the primary excision while the third is alive and well at 2.5 years. Histologically, one case showed leiomyosarcoma plus liposarcoma, one leiomyosarcoma plus osteosarcoma, and one tumour consisted of liposarcoma plus osteosarcoma; all components were assessed morphologically as high-grade malignant. All three cases showed prominent osteoclast-like giant cells in the leiomyosarcomatous or osteosarcomatous areas, thereby closely mimicking the phenotype of so-called giant cell variant of “malignant fibrous histiocytoma”. We discuss briefly differences in soft tissue sarcomas demonstrating this distinctive osteoclast-rich phenotype.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00191441
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proliferative cell nuclear antigen expression in follicular tumours of the thyroid with special reference to oxyphilic cell lesions (1994)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 424 (1994), S. 533-537 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Thyroid ; Follicular tumour ; Oxyphilic cell tumour ; PCNA ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The expression of proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in follicular tumours of the thyroid was examined by immunohistochemistry. Both usual nonoxyphilic cell follicular tumours (non-OCT) and oxyphilic cell tumours (OCT) were subdivided into benign, indeterminate, encapsulated carcinoma, and widely invasive carcinoma types. Among non-OCT the percentages of PCNA-positive cells in benign tumours, encapsulated carcinomas, and widely invasive carcinomas was 2.5%–8.6%, 11.8%–39.1%, and 18.6%–20.0%, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between benign tumours and encapsulated or widely invasive carcinomas, as in previous studies. A value of 10% was appropriate to distinguish benign from malignant lesions. PCNA-positive cells in indeterminate-type non-OCT were not significantly different from those in benign tumours, ranging from 4.3%–19.6%, and occurring at more than 10% in three of six tuours. Among OCT the positivity was less than 10% in benign tumours (4.5%–7.8%) and more than 10% in malignant tumours (14.1%–35.9%) and all the eight indeterminate tumours (12.5%–27.3%), with a statistically significant differences between the benign tumour and each of the latter types. These results indicate that the examination of PCNA is valuable in diagnosis of thyroid follicular tumours and that the use of similar diagnostic criteria may be warranted in both non-OCT and OCT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00191440
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pleomorphic fibrohistiocytoma of the breast: a potential pitfall in breast biopsy interpretation (1994)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 425 (1994), S. 199-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Breast ; Fibrous histiocytoma ; Giant cells ; Flow cytometry ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe a benign mammary mesenchymal tumour with atypical stromal giant cells in the contralateral breast of a 66-year-old woman with infiltrating ductal carcinoma. The clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical features of this tumour suggest a pleomorphic variant of fibrous histiocytoma. This benign lesion represents a possible pitfall in breast pathology when interpreting a frozen section or fine needle aspiration biopsy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230357
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of keratin subtypes in routinely processed cervical tissue: implications for tumour classification and the study of cervix cancer aetiology (1994)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 425 (1994), S. 145-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Intermediate filament proteins ; Cervix ; Neoplasia ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the expression of keratin subtypes 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, 17, 18 and 19 in the normal cervix, in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions and in cervical carcinomas, using a selected panel of monoclonal keratin antibodies, reactive with routinely processed, formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue fragments. The reaction patterns derived for each keratin antibody were compared with known expression patterns of the various epithelia, previously examined in frozen tissues. Although the reactivity of the antibodies was generally acceptable, considerable modifications to the manufacturers' staining instructions were often necessary. For some antibodies, which were previously thought to be reactive with fresh frozen tissue only, we developed staining protocols rendering them reactive with routinely processed material. As with previous findings in frozen sections we observed increasing expression of keratins 7, 8, 17, 18 and 19 with increasing grade of CIN. In cervical carcinomas the differences in keratin detectability between the main categories were more pronounced than in frozen sections, probably due to fixation and processing. For routine pathology, keratin phenotyping of cervical lesions may be of value in classification. The fact that keratin 7 was detected for the first time in reserve cells, and that this keratin was also found to be expressed in a considerable number of CIN lesions and cervical carcinomas supports the suggestion that reserve cells are a common progenitor cell for these lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230351
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical metallothionein expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma: correlation with tumour stage and patient survival (1994)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 425 (1994), S. 491-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Metallothionein ; Immunohistochemistry ; Colorectal cancer ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Metallothioneins (MTs), a set of ubiquitous low-molecular-weight proteins essential for the protection of cells against heavy metal ion toxicity, were demonstrated immunohistochemically using a monoclonal antibody (E9) against a conserved epitope of I and II isoforms in a series of 109 colorectal adenocarcinomas. In a semiquantitative analysis strong MT expression in the majority of tumour cells was observed in 34 (31%) cases, 24 (22%) tumours showed a focal MT positivity, and 51 (47%) almost completely lacked MT expression. These differences in MT expression were statistically significantly (P〈0.05) associated with the tumour stage (Dukes classification) and the lymph node involvement at the time of operation (pN stages). However, in contrast to previous findings obtained on a variety of tumours, MT positivity was associated with a favourable clinical outcome in colonic carcinoma, which may indicate their different biological behaviour. Survival curves of cases with MT-positive and MT-negative status differed from each other in a univariate analysis (Mantel-Haenszel: 8.9, P〈0.05) but lost significance when a multivariate analysis was carried out by means of the Cox proportional regression model with Dukes' stages as a stratification factor. It is concluded that immunohistochemically demonstrated MT expression is significantly associated with tumour stages but does not represent an independent prognostic variable in colorectal cancer. However, it may provide important information about some of the biological mechanisms underlying progression in colorectal cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00197552
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A clinical and histopathological study of factors affecting MRI signal intensities of pituitary adenomas (1994)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 36 (1994), S. 298-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Pituitary adenoma ; MRI ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pituitary hormones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Our aim was to elucidate the factors which determine the MRI signal intensities of pituitary adenomas. We examined 51 patients with surgically-confirmed pituitary adenomas. Using a spin-echo pulse sequence (SE 500/15), coronal and sagittal images (3 mm slices) were obtained. Signal intensities on T1-weighted images were measured in the parenchyma of the adenoma and in normal grey matter. The relative intensity of the adenoma was assessed by calculating the ratio of its signal intensity to that of the normal grey matter of the same patient. Parafin-embedded sections were used for haematoxylin and eosin staining. The number of cells in a prescribed area was counted, and the mean of five such counts was taken as the cell density. Immunohistochemically stained sections using antibodies for various pituitary hormones were similarly examined; the ratio of the total number of hormone-positive cells to the overall total number of adenoma cells was calculated. Four independent variables were used in the analysis: the age of the patient, the maximum diameter of the adenoma, the cell density and the proportion of hormone-positive cells in the adenoma and, with the signal intensity ratio as the dependent variable, a multiple regression analysis was performed. This revealed that the the greatest influence upon the signal intensities on T1-weighted images was the proportion of hormone positive cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593265
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zytokeratin-positives Angiosarkom der Nebenniere (1994)
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 15 (1994), S. 181-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Angiosarkom ; Nebenniere ; Immunhistochemie ; Intermediärfilamente ; Zytokeratine ; CD 31 ; Key words Angiosarcoma ; Adrenal gland ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intermediate filaments ; Cytokeratins ; CD 31
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Cytological, biopsy and autopsy findings in a patient suffering from massively metastasizing adrenal angiosarcoma are reported. Histogenetic typing of the tumour initially manifestating itself by osseous and liver metastases was problematic with regard to its partially epithelioid structure and its positivity upon cytokeratin immunostaining. Of relevance for the correct typing was the finding that the tumour cells in addition exhibited positivity for vascular markers. This case confirms literature data according to which cytokeratin expression not infrequently may be encountered in endothelial neoplasms and which by no means should lead to exclude such a tentative diagnosis.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Berichtet wird über zytologische, bioptische und autoptische Befunde bei einem Patienten mit fortgeschritten metastasiertem adrenalen Angiosarkom. Die korrekte histogenetische Klassifikation der sich zunächst durch ossäre und Leberabsiedlungen manifestierenden teilweise epitheloiden Neoplasie war konventionell-morphologisch und wegen des immunhistologisch positiven Zytokeratin-Nachweises problematisch. Bedeutung für die Diagnosesicherung hatte die zusätzlich nachgewiesene Positivität der Tumorzellen für vaskuläre Marker. Der beschriebene Fall bestätigt Literaturbefunde, nach denen eine Zytokeratin-Expression unter Angiosarkomen nicht selten angetroffen wird und keinesfalls zum Ausschluß einer entsprechenden Verdachtsdiagnose führen darf.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002920050043
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feuchtes Autoklavieren Der einfachere Weg zur Antigendemaskierung (1994)
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 15 (1994), S. 345-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Autoklavieren ; Mikrowelle ; Immunhistochemie ; Antigen-Demaskierung ; Key words Wet autoclaving ; Microwave pretreatment ; Immunohistochemistry ; Antigen retrieval
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Wet autoclaving is a simple, reliable and time-effective method for antigen retrieval in routinely processed archival material. Both routine diagnostic (e. g., oestrogen and progesterone receptors, cytoskeletal proteins) and research antibodies (e. g. various p53 antibodies, mdm-2, bcl-2, MIB-1) are reported to demonstrate its application. Wet autoclaving may allow successful application of antibodies in paraffin-embedded tissues designed for use on frozen sections. The technique has the poten-tial to reliably handle up to 200 sections at a time, without evidence of any significant damage to the sections or nuclear morphology.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit der Technik des feuchten Autoklavierens wird eine einfache, verläßliche und zeitsparende Methode zur Antigen-Demaskierung an Formalin-fixiertem und Paraffin-eingebettetem Gewebe vorgestellt. Anhand einer Reihe von Antikörpern (Östrogen- und Progesteronrezeptoren, Zytoskelettproteine, verschiedene p53-Antikörper, mdm-2, bcl-2, MIB-1 u. a.) verwendeter Antikörper werden die Vorteile dieser Methode beschrieben. Das feuchte Autoklavieren ermöglicht bei einigen sonst nur am Gefrierschnitt einsetzbaren Antikörpern auch deren Anwendung am Paraffinschnitt. Für den Routinepathologen ist die leichte Handhabung sowie die hohe Reproduzierbarkeit von Vorteil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002920050064
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osteosarkom – Apoptose und Proliferation Untersuchung zur bcl-2-Expression (1994)
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 15 (1994), S. 337-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter bcl-2 ; Osteosarkom ; Apoptose ; programmierter Zelltod ; Immunhistologie ; Proliferation ; Key words bcl-2 ; Osteosarcoma ; Apoptosis ; programmed cell death ; Immunohistochemistry ; Proliferation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The relationsship between the growth of tumors and the expression of the protooncogen Bcl-2 could be shown in epithelial tumors. A bcl-2 expression leads to a prolonged cell survival due to an inhibition of apoptosis. The potential meaning of bcl-2 expression in mesenchymal tumors remains still unknown. The fact, that the heterogenous group of osteosarkoma is not sufficiently characterized at present, suggested to investigate the bcl-2 expression in osteosarcoma. Thus, immunohistochemistry was used to analyze 47 specimens of different osteosarcomas of 36 patients. Sixteen cases (46 %) showed a strong expression of bcl-2 and 13 cases (35 %) were moderately positiv for bcl-2. Seven cases (19 %) were negative for bcl-2. The heterogenous, negative up to strong expression of bcl-2 yield clues, that the Bcl-2 controlled regulation of programmed cell death could be an important factor of cellular kinetics. Additionally the cellular proliferationrate was determined with the monoklonal antibody MIB 1, directed against the Ki-67 epitop. The data of bcl-2 expression and cellular proliferationrate lead to a classification correlating with the histological classification. To verify the importance of apoptosis in the genesis of mesenchymal tumors and whether Bcl-2 may play an important role as a predictive factor for the prognosis of osteosarcoma, further investigations will be needed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei zahlreichen epithelialen Geweben konnte ein Zusammenhang zwischen Tumorwachstum und der Expression des Protoonkogens Bcl-2 nachgewiesen werden. Eine bcl-2-Expression ist verbunden mit verlängertem Zellüberleben infolge einer Apoptoseinhibition. Hingegen ist über die bcl-2-Expression und deren mögliche Bedeutung in mesenchymalen Tumoren wenig bekannt. Da die heterogene Gruppe der Osteosarkome mit den derzeitigen methodischen Mitteln nicht hinreichend charakterisierbar ist, wurde die bcl-2-Expression untersucht. Immunhistologisch wurden 47 Osteosarkompräparate von 36 Patienten unterschiedlicher Subtypen analysiert. Von den 36 Fällen zeigten in der Biopsie 16 Fälle (46 %) eine stark positive und 13 Fälle (35 %) eine mittelgradig positive bcl-2 Expression. Sieben Fälle (19 %) waren bcl-2-negativ. Die heterogene, fehlende bis starke bcl-2-Expression deutet darauf hin, daß in Osteosarkomen die Bcl-2-gesteuerte Regulation des programmierten Zelltodes einen Faktor in der zellulären Wachstumskinetik darstellt. Zusätzlich wurde die Proliferationsrate, anhand des gegen das Ki-67-Antigen gerichteten monoklonalen Antikörper MIB-1 bestimmt. Aus den Daten zur bcl-2-Expression und Proliferationsrate ergibt sich eine Einteilung, die eine Übereinstimmung mit der histologischen Klassifikation aufweist. Welche Bedeutung die Apoptose in der Genese mesenchymaler Tumoren hat und ob die bcl-2-Expression einen prädiktiven Wert für die Prognose von Osteosarkomen besitzt, bedarf weiterer Untersuchungen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002920050063
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ektopes Meningeom in der Tonsille (1994)
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 15 (1994), S. 358-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Tonsillentumor ; Primär extrakranielles Meningeom ; Atypisches Meningeom ; Immunhistologie ; Key words Tumour of the palatine tonsil ; Primary extracranial meningioma ; Atypical meningioma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary To our knowledge this is the first reported case of a primary extracranial meningioma located in the palatine tonsil. Immunohistochemical investigation of the tumour showed coexpression of vimentin and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). No staining was found with antibodies against cytokeratins KL 1, 13/10, 8 and 18, epithelial membrane antigen EMA and melanoma protein (HMB-45). It seems justifiable to classify this tumour as an atypical meningioma because of the local increased mitotic activity.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Dieses ist nach unseren Kenntnissen der 1. Fallbericht eines primär extrakraniellen, in der Tonsille lokalisierten Meningeoms. Immunhistologisch wies der Tumor eine Koexpression von Vimentin und neuronspezifischer Enolase (NSE) und eine negative Reaktion mit Antikörpern gegen die Zytokeratine KL 1, 13/10, 8, 18, das epitheliale Membranantigen EMA und Melanom Protein (HMB 45) auf. Aufgrund der lokal gesteigerten Mitoserate scheint es gerechtfertigt, den vorliegenden Tumor als atypisches Meningeom zu klassifizieren.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002920050067
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical characterization of the small proteoglycans decorin and proteoglycan-100 in heterotopic ossification (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 54 (1994), S. 119-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Decorin ; Proteoglycan-100 ; Heterotopic ossification ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Heterotopic ossification is a metabolically active process which shares several properties of orthotopic bone formation and, therefore, represents an excellent model for studying bone matrix components. Immunohistochemical methods were used to investigate the distribution pattern of the small proteoglycans decorin and proteoglycan-100 during different stages of heterotopic ossification of pressure sores of paraplegic patients. Decorin and proteoglycan-100 exhibited a substantially divergent distribution pattern. Decorin was detectable in the perivascular matrix of granulation tissue as well as in the stroma of heterotopic ossification. The ossification zone was stained most strongly. In contrast, proteoglycan-100 was predominantly detectable in fibroblasts and preosteoblasts in early areas of osteogenesis. In more mature forms of heterotopic ossification immunostaining was markedly reduced in osteoblasts and osteocytes and even absent in so-called bone-lining cells. However, at least some osteoclasts were strongly positive. These results suggest indicate that decorin and proteoglycan-100 are important components during the formal pathogenesis of heterotopic ossification. The expression of the small proteoglycans, especially of proteoglycan-100, correlates with different phases during heterotopic ossification, showing a maximum for proteoglycan-100 in matrix-forming cells in early phases of bone formation, but in osteoclasts in mature bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296062
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of H+-ATPase and carbonic anhydrase II in ameloblasts at maturation (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 55 (1994), S. 38-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Vacuolar-type H+-ATPase ; Carbonic anhydrase II ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The localization of vacuolar-type H+-ATPase and carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) in rat incisor enamel organs at maturation was examined by light and electron microscopy. The immunoreactivity for both vacuolar-type H+-ATPase and CA II was intense on the ruffled border of ruffle-ended ameloblasts (RA), but moderate at the distal end of smooth-ended ameloblasts (SA). Immuno-gold particles indicated that CA II was not confined to the ruffled border of RA alone, but also distributed in the cytoplasm of RA and SA. These findings suggest that RA may secrete protons produced by CA II via the ruffled border into enamel by active transport of vacuolar-type H+-ATPase. Secreted protons may activate hydrolytic enzymes to degrade the organic components of enamel matrix. Vacuolar-type H+-ATPase on vesicles of SA suggests that a specific configuration of ruffled borders in RA may be formed by the fusion of vesicle membranes in the distal end of cytoplasm of SA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310167
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localisation of six glutathione S-transferases within the nasal cavity of the rat (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 69 (1994), S. 91-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Key words Nasal cavity ; Immunohistochemistry ; Glutathione S-transferases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Many xenobiotics induce lesions within the nasal cavity of experimental animals which are site specific. This site selectivity may be due to regional deposition within the nasal cavity and/or the localisation of biotransformation enzymes. We have developed methodology which allows immunohistochemical localisation of xenobiotic biotransformation enzymes in transverse sections of the rat nasal cavity identical to those normally taken for pathological examination. We report the application of this methodology to six isoenzymes of the glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). All six isoenzymes were predominantly located within olfactory epithelium covering the ethmoturbinates (levels III and IV) and extending forwards into the dorsal meatus (level II). Squamous and transitional epithelia showed little or no staining while respiratory epithelium was weakly stained. Within the respiratory epithelium only the ciliated columnar cells and, to a lesser extent, some of the seromucous glands contained GSTs. Within olfactory epithelium the sustentacular cells, basal cells and subepithelial glands all stained positive for GSTs. The different cell types of olfactory epithelium preferentially express different GST isoenzymes: 1-1 and 2-2 were predominantly located in the subepithelial glands; 3-3, 4-4 and 8-8 in sustentacular and basal cells; 7-7 in basal cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002040050143
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  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An immunohistochemical study of the neuronal expression of manganese superoxide dismutase in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 88 (1994), S. 151-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Managanese superoxide dismutase ; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Free radical ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Neuronal expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS) was investigated by an immunohistochemical method. The brains and spinal cords from 11 patients with sALS and 20 normal controls (NCs) were used, and the following four nuclei (three motor nuclei and one autonomic nucleus) were examined: the oculomotor nucleus; the hypoglossal nucleus; the cervical motor nucleus; and Onuf's nucleus. Serial sections were stained by the Klüver-Barrera (KB) method and with human-MnSOD-specific antibodies. We counted the total number of neurons visible after KB staining and the total number of positive neurons after immunostaining. The average total number of neurons after KB staining was similar in sALS patients and NCs in both the oculomotor nucleus and Onuf's nucleus, but the number in the hypoglossal and cervical motor nuclei was significantly lower in sALS. The ratio of MnSOD-positive neurons to total neurons visible after KB staining, calculated as an index of the expression of MnSOD, was significantly higher in the oculomotor nucleus and Onuf's nucleus, and lower in the hypoglossal nucleus in sALS patients than in NCs. In the cervical motor nucleus, the ratio in sALS patients did not differ from that in NCs. These results suggest that production of toxic superoxide radicals might be increased in sALS, and that neurons that successfully induce the expression of sufficient MnSOD can survive the disease process, while those failing to activate adequate expression of the enzyme succumb to the toxic effects of the radicals and die.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294508
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance of rat CNS to brain stem infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 87 (1994), S. 398-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Astrocyte cultures ; Brain stem infection ; Herpes simplex virus type 1 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Infection of the CNS by herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) via the trigeminal route to the brain stem was elucidated in a rat model. In contrast to the earlier described cortical and hippocampal infection after intracranial injection, the CNS showed a profound resistance to HSV-1 infection when the virus was administred by nose inoculation, as judged by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. In contrast, when the distribution of HSV-1 in the brain was investigated after nose inoculation by polymerase chain reaction, viral DNA was detected at all levels from the ganglia to the cortex. When replication of HSV-1 was assayed in primary cell cultures of rat astrocytes derived from brain stem, striatum, hippocampus and cerebral cortex, significantly lower virus yields were obtained in brain stem-derived astrocytes cultures as compared with in cortex-derived astrocytes. This finding was independent of whether HSV-1 strains used originated from brains of patients suffering from herpes simplex encephalitis or from patients with oral cutaneous lesions and lacking neurological symptoms. Also, by immunocytochemistry of cultures after HSV-1 infection, a lower number of plaques were seen in brain stem-derived astrocytes as compared with cortex-derived astrocytes. The observed relative resistance of brain stem-derived astrocytes to replicate HSV-1 might contribute to the ability of the brain stem to withstand infection during reactivation of this virus in the trigeminal neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313609
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CD34 immunoreactivity in nervous system tumors (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 88 (1994), S. 454-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Meningioma ; Neurofibroma ; Schwannoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract CD34 is a sialylated transmembrane glyco-protein of unknown function that is present in myeloid progenitor cells, endothelial cells, and some fibroblastrelated mesenchymal cells. However, its tissue distribution is still incompletely characterized. In this study we evaluated the distribution of CD34 antigen in tumors of the central and peripheral nervous system. For comparison the tumors were also stained for CD31, also known as platelet-endothelium cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1), a transmembrane glycoprotein so far considered to be endothelium specific beyond its reactivity with certain hematopoietic cells. Neurofibromas showed consistently high numbers of CD34-positive spindle cells, whereas peripheral and acoustic schwannomas were negative. A subset of meningiomas (15%) showed CD34-positive tumor cells, and some were also weakly positive for CD31. Gliomas were negative. Meningeal hemangiopericytomas were consistently CD34 positive, but CD31 negative. These results indicate a moderately widespread distribution of the CD34 antigen in nervous system tumors, and necessitate caution in making conclusions regarding endothelial cell differentiation of nervous system tumors on the basis of CD34 immunoreactivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389498
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temporal and spatial localization of type I and II collagens in human thyroid cartilage (1994)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 189 (1994), S. 237-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Thyroid cartilage ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mineralization ; Ossification ; Collagens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Thyroid cartilages of various ages were investigated by immunofluorescence staining for localization of the fibrillar collagen types I and II in order to understand the tissue remodeling occurring during the mineralization and ossification of thyroid cartilage. In fetal and juvenile thyroid cartilages, type I collagen was restricted to the inner and outer perichondrium, while type II collagen was localized in the matrix of hyaline cartilage. However, in advanced ages, type I collagen was also localized in the pericellular and in the interterritorial matrix of intermediate and central chondrocytes of thyroid cartilage. The matrix of peripheral chondrocytes was negative for type I collagen. This suggests that some chondrocytes in thyroid cartilage undergo a differentiation to type I collagen-producing chondrocytes. At the beginning of ossification, bone-related type I collagen was chiefly detected in the central cartilage layer, but was never deposited first from the perichondrium in the direction to the subperichondrial cartilage. This observation confirmed previous findings showing that osteogenesis mainly follows an endochondral ossification pattern. Interterritorial matrix failed to react with the type II collagen antibody in men from the beginning of the third decade, and later still in women, even after treatment with hyaluronidase. These observations indicate that major matrix changes occur faster in male than in female thyroid cartilage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239011
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  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of metallothionein in normal and pathological human skin (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 286 (1994), S. 62-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Metallothionein ; Immunohistochemistry ; Monoclonal antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The expression and distribution of metallothionein (MT) in frozen sections of normal and pathological human skin was studied using the monoclonal antibody L2E3 directed against MT derived from human fetal liver. Immunohistochemical staining of normal fetal and adult skin revealed strong reactivity in basal keratinocytes of epidermis and outer hair root sheath, hair matrix cells and the secretory coil, but not the exocrine portion of eccrine glands; myoepithelial cells around apocrine sweat glands were similarly stained. In epidermal hyperplasia, variable numbers of suprabasal keratinocytes were stained, whereas in interface dermatitis, interrupted staining was found in the basal layer. Weak or scattered staining was observed in squamous tumours, whereas basal cell carcinomas did not show consistent staining. The distribution of MT in normal skin was in line with the germinative role of basal keratinocytes and hair matrix cells, whereas its distribution in hyperplastic epidermis was in line with experimental animal data, and reflected the increase in the germinative pool in these conditions. It is concluded that monoclonal antibody L2E3 may serve as a valuable immunohistochemical marker in diagnostic cutaneous pathology since it labels basal keratinocytes selectively, and since it discriminates between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00375845
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  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistological analysis of anti-melanoma host responses (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 287 (1994), S. 28-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Melanoma pathology ; Antigen CD analysis ; Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Various clinical and experimental observations point to the existence of an immunological host defense in cutaneous malignant melanoma. To identify the major effector mechanisms mediating the specific anti-tumor immune response, we examined 23 benign and neoplastic melanocytic lesions (3 nevi, 14 primary melanomas, and 3 cutaneous and 3 systemic metastases) by quantitative immunohistology, and correlated these results with the histopathological and clinical subtypes of malignant melanoma. Our analyses indicate that CD3+ T-cell receptor α/Β-expressing lymphocytes are the prevailing leukocyte subset in primary as well as secondary malignant melanoma. We further observed that in early lesions (〈0.75 mm) of superficial spreading melanoma the vast majority of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) belong to the CD4+ subset and frequently express CD45RA antigens. In more advanced tumors, the contribution of CD8+ TIL gradually increases, indicating that the quality of the anti-tumor immune response changes during the course of the disease. Finally, we found that a varying percentage of cutaneous TIL express the cutaneous leukocyte antigen which is defined by the monoclonal antibody HECA 452 and preferentially expressed by skin-seeking memory T cells. In contrast, extracutaneous melanoma metastases (liver, brain, ovary) were completely devoid of HECA 452-reactive lymphocytes. These findings suggest that lymphocytes infiltrating cutaneous melanomas belong to a memory/effector T-cell subset functionally associated with the skin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00370715
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  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histogenesis and possible mechanism of chondroid changes in mixed tumour of the skin: immunohistochemical evaluation of bone morphogenetic protein, glycosaminoglycans, keratin, vimentin and neuronal markers (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 286 (1994), S. 285-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Mixed tumour of skin ; Bone morphogenetic protein ; Chondrogenesis ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of immunoreactivity of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), the glycosaminoglycans chondroitin 4-sulphate (C4SPG), chondroitin 6-sulphate (C6SPG), dermatan sulphate (DSPG) and keratan sulphate proteoglycans (KSPG), cytokeratin (K8.12), vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), actin, desmin, S-100 protein and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in mixed tumour of the skin was investigated using immunohistochemical methods using monoclonal (MoAb) and polyclonal antibodies (PoAb). A strong BMP immunoreactivity was found characteristically in outer tumour cells of tubuloductal structures and modified myoepithelial cells. Modified myoepithelial cells and chondroidally changed cells showed positive immunoreactivity for C4SPG, C6SPG and DSPG; and KSPG was more pronounced in the modified myoepithelial cells. Vimentin, S-100 protein, GFAP and NSE, but not actin and desmin, were distribute in the outer tumour cells and modified myoepithelial cells in chondroidally changed tissue. Two factors show that chondrogenesis in mixed tumour of the skin is associated with the modified myoepithelial cells through the activity of BMP and biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans as matrix substance. First, outer or basal tumour cells in mixed tumour of the skin is characterized by the presence of positive immunoreactivity for BMP, KSPG, vimentin, cytokeratin K8.12, S-100 protein, GFAP and NSE, and second, there is a matrix of chondroidally changed tissue containing the reaction products of C4SPG, C6SPG, DSPF and KSPG.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387602
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  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High critical temperature by resonant quantum confinement: Evidence for polarons ordering atT*≈1.5T c in Bi-2212 and La-214 by EXAFS (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1815-1820 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Insulator-superconductor transitions ; unconventional mechanisms of high-T c superconductivity ; Other topics in superconductivity ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The temperature dependence of local Cu site conformations in single-domain crystals of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+y (Bi-2212) and La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 (La-214) has been determined by EXAFS (Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure), a fast (10−15 s) and local probe. Two sets of Cu site conformations characterized by the Cu−O(apical) bond distances and tilting of copper square plane have been found atT〈T*∼1.5T c . The difference between the long and short Cu−O(apical) distance appeared to be 0.17 Å and 0.12 Å atT〈T* in Bi-2212 and La-214 systems, respectively. The polarons are associated with the short Cu−O(apical) bond distance. The ratio between the number of short and the total number of Cu−O(apical) bonds (N short/N tot∼0.42 in both systems) is a measure of the relative area of distorted and undistorted domains. By using this result we have been able to show the polaronic nature of the one-dimensional structural anharmonic modulation of the CuO2 plane in Bi-2212 where the polarons have dimensionW=(11±1) Å atT〈T*≈1.4T c and are condensed into a one-dimensional generalized Wigner charge density wave (CDW). It appears that superconductivity is stabilized at thigh temperature by resonant quantum confinement in a superlattice of stripe widthL wherek Fx ∼k Fy ∼π/L.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462179
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of thermal treatment and oxygen stoichiometry on paraconductivity of YBa2Cu3O7−δ pellets (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1843-1849 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Fluctuations (noise, chaos, nonequilibrium superconductivity, localization, etc.) ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary This work is focused on how oxygen stoichiometry and distribution affects the pretransitional region in YBa2Cu3O7−δ pellets prepared by different thermal treatments starting from the same batch with oxygen content 6.94. We find that slightly deoxygenated samples, which show higherT c and narrower transition than the starting material, also exhibit a more pronounced rounding of the resistivity extending towards higher temperatures. We analyse the presence and the extension of regions with different power law behaviour of excess conductivityvs. temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462183
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  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic characterization of hot-pressed BSCCO (2223) phase superconducting ceramic (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1871-1876 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Magnetization curves ; Meissner effect ; penetration depth ; Critical currents ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary BSCCO (2223) phase superconductor, prepared by the traditional solid-state reaction route, was densified by hot pressing, yielding high-density and textured-bulk materials. A correlation between processing parameters and inter-, intra-granular properties of the sample was performed through the evaluation of microstructural features and the study of electrical resistivity and magnetization behaviour as a function of different temperature and magnetic field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462187
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  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An overview on recent NMR-NQR studies of high-T c superconductors and of their precursors AF (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1743-1753 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Superconducting materials (excluding high-T c cuprates) ; Nuclear magnetic resonance and relaxation ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary An overview on some works recently carried out by means of pulsed NMR-NQR experiments is given. The choice of the arguments is aimed at providing a flash on the topics and phenomena most tipically studied with the afore-mentioned approach: from the antiferromagnets (AF) precursors of high-temperature superconductors upon charge and spin doping (such as CuO-doped Li, La2CuO4-doped Sr and Zn) to the doping regime leading to superconductivity in LASCO and YBCO with the related issues involving the comparison with the Fermi-liquid behaviour, the possible opening of a pseudo-spin-gap aboveT c and the anisotropy and field effect ratios belowT c, the latter also in relation to thes-wave ord-wave orbital coupling. Finally, the topic of the motions of the flux lines in YBCO is addressed, in particular by discussing some experiments based on spin-echo dephasing due to thermal excitations and in the presence of d.c. currents and pulsed magnetic fields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462169
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  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hole doping dependence of the effective exchange in La2−δSrδCuO4 (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1769-1776 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Insulator-superconductor transitions ; unconventional mechanisms of high-T c superconductivity ; Exchange and superexchange interactions ; Narrow-band systems ; heavy-fermion metals ; intermediate-valence solids ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary We provide a microscopic modelling of the strong variation of the effective exchange interactionJ eff between Cu2+ spins as a function of hole doping δ in La2-δSrδCuO4, as derived from complementary Raman scattering and paramagnetic susceptibility data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462172
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  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of the far-infrared and mm-wave conductivity of YBCO in the normal state (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1803-1807 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Response to electromagnetic fields ; nuclear magnetic resonance ; ultrasonic attenuation ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary An accurate determination of the optical conductivity σ(ν) of high-T c materials at low frequencies (ν〈100 cm−1) is still an open problem. In the present paper we report new far-infrared data showing that the LaAlO3 crystal, on which high-quality YBCO films can be deposited, is well transparent at low frequencies. Test measurements have also been performed by employing the ENEA compact FEL facility; preliminary reslts indicate the possibility to obtain high-accuracy spectroscopic data in the mm-wave region. On the basis of these results, we have in program mm-wave and far-infrared transmittance measurements on thin YBCO films on LaAlO3, in order to get new information on the low-frequency behaviour of σ(ν).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462177
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Kosterlitz-Thouless model in Perovskite superconductors (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1835-1841 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Phenomenological theories (two-fluid, Ginzburg-Landau, etc.) ; Transport properties (electric and thermal conductivity, thermoelectric effects, etc.) ; High-T c cuprates ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The applicability of the Kosterlitz-Thouless theory to HTSC is examined. The model initially presented in its general lines for bidimensional systems is then applied to superconductors. The possibility to explain some dissipative effects (R(T) tails and non-linearV(I) dependences) is examined. The agreement with the experiments in HTSC is presented on the basis of an extension of the theory to quasi-bidimensional systems formed by stacks of weakly coupled superconducting layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462182
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  • 51
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    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic study of the superconducting phase YNi2B2C (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1857-1862 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Superconducting materials ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary We report the synthesis procedure and the chemical-physical characterization of the YNi2B2C superconductor. From magnetic measurements we show that this material is a type-II superconductor. We evaluate the penetration depth, the coherence length and, thus, the Ginzburg-Landau parameter. Despite the low value of κ(12), a very large region of reversibility in theH-T plane is observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462185
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  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apparatus for transport characterisation of high-T c superconductors (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1877-1884 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Superconductivity: Critical currents ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary A full set of facilities for transport characterisation of HTS as well as a set of crucial measurements are presented which point out the possible sources of errors of the «home-made» apparatus. The main characteristics are the automatisation of the whole data acquisition, the appositely designed hardware and software with suitable error messages, the on-line statistical treatment of data, the possibility of on-line optimisation of the current pulses and finally the availability of quasi-static temperature conditions in theR vs. T curves. The d.c. four-point method with bipolar d.c. pulsed current is employed. The experimental techniques chosen to obtain specific metrological achievements are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462188
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  • 53
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    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the Eliashberg functions determined from point-contact and break-junction tunnelling experiments in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1903-1907 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Proximity effects, tunneling phenomena ; Superconducting perovskites and related structures ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary We present a comparison of the electron-phonon spectral functionsα 2(ω)F(ω0 previously determined from point-contact tunnelling experiments in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x with the same functions we obtained more recently from break-junction data of high quality after a numerical procedure for unfolding a part of the broadening found in the experimental conductance. The results indicate that large similarities are present, as well as some important differences that could be related to a certain degree of directionality along the (a, b)-plane of the tunnelling process in the break-junction experiments and to the effects of the unfolding procedure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462192
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  • 54
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    Electronic Resource
    Shielding current density in Mg-doped YBCO-123 as determined by a.c. magnetic-susceptibility measurements (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1941-1946 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Superconducting materials ; General properties ; Critical currents ; Material effects onT c,x, critical currents (including impurities, ion implantation etc.) ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary High-resolution a.c. magnetic-susceptibility measurements have been performed on sintered samples of Mg-doped YBCO superconductors YBa2(Cu1−x Mg x )3O7−δ (δ≤0.08, 0≤x≤0.1). An estimation of the intergranular shielding currentsJ s (T, H d.c.) has been obtained by separating the grains and coupling-junctions contributions to the measured susceptibility. The results show that Mg doping increases the weak links weight and reduces the values ofJ s. AtH d.c.=0,J s (T, 0) follows a power law of the type (1−T/T c)β, with β varying from 2 (undoped sample) to about 5 (x=2.5%). The dependence ofJ s on the applied d.c. magnetic field can be fitted to a Lorentzian lineshape whose width appears to be independent of the substitution level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462197
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    Electronic Resource
    Mott-hubbard metal-insulator transition (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1649-1657 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Superconductivity ; Theory ; Insulator-superconductor transitions ; unconventional mechanisms of high-T c superconductivity ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary We define a chain-cluster Fermi-linearized Hubbard model, in which the hopping between adjacent 1-d chains is described in terms of an order parameter (valued in a suitable Grassmann field) describing the (transverse)intra-bond correlation, whereas theintra-chain hopping is treated rigorously. The free energy of the 2-d Hubbard model, where neighbouring chains are connected by hopping processes, can be straightforwardly reconducted to that—evaluated self-consistently—of the 1-d model. The self-consistency equations for the one-dimensional chain, when solved explicitly using the exact Lieb-Wu-Takahashi equations, lead to the appearance of a phase transition, for finite values of the Coulomb repulsion strengthU (U〉U c , whereU c is a critical finite value ofU), which can be interpreted as evidence for a mott-Hubbard-typemetal-insulator transition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462155
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    Electronic Resource
    Key differences in material requirement and technology for large electromagnetic shields, with respect to other large-scale applications of high-T c superconductors (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 2079-2086 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Other low-power superconducting devices ; Superconducting films ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The main specifications for the use of high-T c superconductors in the realization of extended surfaces to be used for the fabrication of electromagnetic shields are illustrated. In particular, the differences are stressed between the specifications required by this application and those required by other large-scale applications, namely electrotechnical machinery and magnetic levitation. From these premises, the approach to the fabrication technology of shields is briefly discussed, which also shows important differences with respect to other applications. The analysis is supported by examples of the solutions which are being developed and adopted in the world and in Torino.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02471870
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    Electrical and magnetic properties of hot extruded Bi-2223/Ag concentric tapes (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 2103-2106 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Magnetization curves, Meissner effect, penetration depth ; Critical currents ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary In this work we report on the anisotropic physical properties of silver-sheathed Bi-2223 tapes fabricated by means of hot extrusion and repeated pressing and sintering processes. The obtained Bi-2223/Ag short tapes, having critical current densitiesJ c of 20–30 kA/cm2 at 77 K, 0 T, were measured in external magnetic fields up to 0.5T applied in two different orientations (i.e. μ0H‖(a,b)-planes and μ0H ⊥(a,b)-planes). The magnetic characterizations were performed in a wide range of temperatures and magnetic fields to study the first magnetization curve of tapes evaluating the lower critical fields μ0Hc1⊥ab and ⊥0Hc1#x2016;ab and their dependences on temperature. TheJ c values at different fields in the temperature range 4.6–90 K, calculated from the magnetization data by the critical state model, are also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02471873
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    Neutron scattering and compressibility measurements for the study of hydration effects on polymeric aqueous solutions (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 809-816 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Polymers, elastomers, and plastics ; Neutron scattering techniques (including small-angle scattering) ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The present paper reports the results of compressibility and incoherent quasi-elastic neutron scattering measurements performed on polymeric systems and on their aqueous solutions. From the compressibility data, the temperature evolution of the polymer hydration number can be derived. On the other hand, neutron data show that the translational diffusion coefficientD T turns out to be higher in the case of ethylene glycol + water, with respect to that of pure, suggesting that the water molecules act as a «structure breaker» of the intermolecular connectivity existing into the pure. Furthermore the dynamical properties of the H2O molecules in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) deeply differ from those in the bulk, and show that we are in the presence of entangled water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02456728
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    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the crystallization kinetics in poly(ethylene oxide) by calorimetric measurements (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 843-848 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Polymers, elastomers, and plastics ; Nonequilibrium thermodynamics, irreversible processes ; Physics of crystal growth ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Differential scanning calorimetric measurements in the early stage of isothermal crystal growth of polyethylene oxide are analysed in the light of irreversible thermodynamics. An accurate evaluation of the equilibrium melting temperature is done by fitting the thermograms obtained at different undercoolings and referring to the activation energy values already known from the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02456733
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    Electronic Resource
    Freezing and microphase separation in random copolymers (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 873-877 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Physical chemistry of solutions of biological macromolecules ; Order-disorder and statistical mechanics of model systems ; Multicritical points ; Macromolecules and polymer molecules: Constitution (chains and sequences) ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary A two-letter random copolymer with attraction between similar monomers and repulsion between different ones is investigated using the replica method. This type of interactions favors microphase separation (MPS) in a compact state of a polymer or in a melt. Frustrations between interactions and polymeric bonds may lead to freezing transition in a phase where only a few conformations dominate and replica symmetry is broken. Our analysis reveals that stiff polymers have a frozen phase and do not undergo transition to a phase with microdomain structure. In flexible polymers the microphase transition may occur before freezing. A complete phase diagram showing the interplay between the two phase transitions is constructed for the two-letter random copolymer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02456737
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    Electronic Resource
    Nature of depolarized quasi-elastic light scattering in associated and non-associated liquids (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 901-910 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering ; Visible and ultraviolet spectra: Liquids ; Molecular liquids ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary An analysis of Rayleigh-wing spectra on two isomers of propanol (C3H7OH) and on two of their Br-based isomorphous systems (C3H7Br) is presented. The performed measurements, over a wide temperature range, allow us to identify two different processes characterizing the response of both the alcohols. A comparison between the rotational dynamics of the linear normal-propanol (1-propanol) and the more sterically hindered iso-propanol (2-propanol) is performed. At the same time, the role played by the H-bond in the associative properties of hydrogenous systems is investigated by comparing the dynamical response of the two alcohols with that of 1-bromopropane and 2-bromopropane, in which the O−H «active» sites are replaced by «inert» bromine atoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02456741
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    Electronic Resource
    The primary-relaxation process in a supercooled liquid (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 933-937 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Phase equilibria, phase transitions, and critical points of specific substances ; Dielectric loss and relaxation ; Amorphous materials ; glasses ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Dielectric and ultrasonic measurements have been performed in the temperature and in the frequency domain to investigate the α (or primary) relaxation in the supercooled state of a «fragile» molecular liquid. This relaxation is strictly connected with the phenomenon of the glass transition and therefore an understanding of the former is a prerequisite for the explanation of the latter. The dynamic susceptibilities relative to these probes have been analysed with the Cole-Davidson function employing (where required) a Vogel-Fulcher-Tamman law to relate the main relaxation time to temperature. The results obtained are consistent with the dynamic behaviour of liquids of high fragility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02456744
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    Electronic Resource
    Influence of charge distribution on the conformation of neutral polyampholytes (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 669-674 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Polymer reactions and polymerization ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Two polyampholyte copolymers based on sodium-2-acrylamido-2-methylsulfonate (NaAMPS) and methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride (MADQUAT) have been prepared either in homogeneous solution or by an inverse microemulsion polymerization technique. The copolymer microstructure was shown to depend on the method of preparation. The microemulsion polymerization yields copolymers with a monomer sequence distribution not far from random while those obtained by polymerization in solution have a strong tendency to alternation. The aqueous-solution properties of the two samples have been investigated by viscometry. The results show that the charge distribution along the copolymer chain affects considerably its conformation, in good agreement with recent theoretical studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02456711
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    A design and performance test of the visualization within a capillary pumped loop (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 883-893 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Diffusion and ionic conduction in liquids ; Studies of specific liquid structures ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Capillary Pumped Loop (CPL) is a thermal management device for advanced spacecrafts. This paper presents the operating principles of a CPL and the design characteristics of the components. Another purpose of this experiment was to build up a transparent loop in order to better determine and observe the internal thermofluid dynamics. The results indicated that the CPL could be in normal operation under various heat modes. Observation also told Non-Condensed Gas (NCG) was moving and collecting to somewhere between the condenser section.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02456739
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    Response of thin polymer layers confined between solid surfaces and submitted to normal oscillatory deformations (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 789-793 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Solid-fluid interfaces: Mechanical and acoustical properties ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The viscoelastic properties of liquids close to solid surfaces differ from the bulk. Nanorheology has been performed by using a surface force apparatus adapted to operate as a rheometer in a sphere-plane geometry. Axial oscillatory measurements have been carried out with high polymer solutions filling the gap. The deformations were kept sufficiently small not to perturb the film structure and were applied in a large range of frequency (10−3 to 102 s−1). It is shown that the complex modulus characterizing the confined medium can be split into two components: a shear modulus (it accounts for the viscous dissipation due to the flow of solvent molecules through the mesh created by the long polymer chains which connect the two solid surfaces) and a compression modulus which is related to the normal stress response of the chains confined between the solid surfaces. The hydrodynamic screening lengthξ h and the correlation length ξ deduced from the two moduli are compared and are found to scale in the same way as a function of the distance between the two surfaces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02456725
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    Multiblock copolymers at interfaces (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 641-652 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Macromolecular and polymer solutions (solubility, swelling, etc.) ; polymer melts ; Thermodynamics of surfaces and interfaces ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary We consider the configurations and the various regimes when an alternating, symmetric, multiblock copolymer made of successive sequences of A and B monomers with equal lengthZ is at the interface between two immiscible solvents that are respectively good for one of the sequences and poor for the other one. We find two semi-dilute regimes, when the copolymers overlap. For monomer concentrations belowГ **, we find a first range where the thickness of the copolymers is constant and equal to the radius of a sequence. For concentrations larger thanГ **, a second regime appears, where the seqeunces stretch our and adopt a conformation similar to what was reported for grafted polymers. Finally at a concentrationГ sat, the interface is completely saturated, and the copolymers form micelles in the bulk: it becomes energetically more favourable to have copolymers in the bulk than at interface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02456708
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    From mixing-demixing to condensation-evaporation phase transition in binary liquids (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1205-1216 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Statistical theories of liquid structure ; Computer simulation of static and dynamic behavior ; General studies of phase transitions ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Binary-fluid mixtures show first-order phase transition phenomena which are either classified as mixing-demixing (phase separation), or as condensation-evaporation. The localization of the transition lines, the characterization of the new phases, and the analysis of the parameters which force model systems to choose one of the two transition mechanisms is the aim of this study. We performed both parallel-molecular-dynamics simulations and integral-equation theory calculations on binary mixtures of Lennard-Jones particles. By fixing the composition and by varying the interaction strength, we found a continuous change between the two kinds of transition mechanisms. Theoretical and simulation results are compared with each other and a quantitative agreement i8s found. However, the simultation analysis appears to be more promising since, in contrast to the integral-equation theory in which the spinodal lines can only be approched, information on the microscopic structure of the new phases can be obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02458802
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    Chaos, complexity and morphogenesis: Optical-pattern formation and recognition (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1065-1089 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Optical chaos ; Classical mechanics of continuous media: general methematical aspects ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary In 1952 A. Turing introduced the concept of chemical morphogenesis. A medium with at least two interacting and diffusing components (activator and inhibitor) can be subjected to spontaneous pattern formation, with a scale length independent of the boundary conditions, and thus maintained even in the infinite volume limit. This is at variance with pattern formation in fluids (as,e.g., Rayleigh-Benard and Faraday instabilities) where the size is imposed by the boundary geometry. In non-linear optics, patterns emerge from the coupling of a diffractive equation describing electromagnetic propagation with a diffusion equation describing the local modification of the polarizability in a medium. As we adjust an extensive parameter (the so-called Fresnel numberF) corresponding to the optical aspect ratio, we observe a transition from a regime dominated by the boundary constraints to a Turing-type regime dominated by the bulk parameter. This is equivalent to saying that the preminent role is due to the diffractive equation in one case and to the diffusive one in the other. Morphogenesis for lowF arises from the non-linear competition among a small number of degrees of freedom, giving rise to a space-uniform excitation with a low-dimensional dynamics. This gives rise to the different scenarios of chaos. Their properties have been explored in the past decade. In the large-F case, the space-time instabilities rapidly evolve toward complex patterns, not reducible to a few indicators. In the case of two-dimensional fields, global characterization is achieved via the statistics of the topological defects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02458788
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    Phase behaviour of colloid-polymer mixtures (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1127-1139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Colloids ; Solubility, segregation, and mixing ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary We review the phase behaviour of mixtures of colloids and non-adsorbing polymers. The exclusion of polymer molecules from overlapping «depletion zones» between two neighbouring colloidal particles results in an unbalanced osmotic pressure pushing the particles together. This depletion potential is separately tunable in range and depth. Theory predicts that the resulting phase behaviour is sensitive to ξ=r g/R, the ratio of the radius of gyration of a polymer molecule, to the radius of the colloid. At large ξ, a stable colloidalliquid phase becomes possible. This has been confirmed by recent experiments. The formation of non-equilibrium «transient gel» states when the size ratio is small (≈0.08) is also introduced briefly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02458793
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    Chemically controlled pattern formation in phase-separating materials (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1171-1176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Thermal expansion and thermomechanical effects ; Lattice theory and statistic ; Ising problems ; Polymer reactions and polymerization ; General studies of phase transitions ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The role of chemical reactions in the selection of patterns in phase-separating mixtures is presented. Linearized theory and computer simulation show that the initial long-wavelength instability characteristic of spinodal decomposition is suppressed by chemical reactions, which restrict domain growth to intermediate length scales even in the late stages of phase separation. Our findings suggest that chemical reactions may provide a novel way to stabilize and tune the steady-state morphology of phase-separating materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02458797
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    Periodic structures and scaling Laws in a magnetic colloid (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1199-1204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Magnetic liquids ; Pattern selection ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Phase separation was found in an eicosane-based ferrofluid in zero applied field. Upon applying a magnetic field, the condensed phase breaks up to form a lattice of periodic columns. The periodicity λ scales with the layer thicknessL. Two scaling regimes were found. When thickness is small, where no branching is observed, λ ∞L 1/2. In the large-thickness regime, a tree type of structure develops at the tail of each column, and the columns are separated by side bands while the scaling relation crosses over to λ ∞L 2/3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02458801
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    Scaling in dispersion rheology (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1193-1197 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Colloids ; Statistical mechanics ; Linear viscoelasticity ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary A nonequilibrium fluid lattice model of concentrated colloidal dispersions is presented to predict the effects of the microstructure, particle interactions, volume fraction (ϕ), frequency (ω), and the longest viscoelastic relaxation time on the complex shear viscosity. In addition to the pair interactions between colloidal particles, the many-body interactions between the particles and the equilibrium microstructure have to be included in the analysis. As ϕ approaches a critical valueφ c, the fluidity of concentrated dispersions slows down drastically. This percolation thresholdφ c scales ad (AP)−0.5, whereA andP are related to the repulsive interparticle potential and microstructure, respectively.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02458800
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    Diffusion of testing particles in turbulent nematic liquid crystals (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1253-1258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Liquid crystals ; Turbulence, fluid dynamics ; Diffusion and ionic conduction in liquids ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary We report on the diffusive motion of dielectric testing particles floating in a turbulent nematic fluid under the effect of an external oscillating electric field. The particle is viewed as a tracer of the underlying turbulence. We calculate the diffusion coefficients and the probability distribution of the particle displacements, thus showing that the motion of the particle is a classical Brownian diffusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02458809
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    Low-temperature specific heats of lanthanum and yttrium phosphate glasses (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1277-1284 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Vibrational states in disordered systems ; Heat capacities of solids ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The specific heats of (R2O3) x (P2O5)1−x glasses containing high concentrations of La3+ and Y3+ ions have been measured between 1.5K and 30K. It is shown that, in addition to the usual Debye contribution, there is an excess specific heat arising from localized vibrational states which has been discussed in terms of two distinct models. The first predicts a maximum in the temperature dependence of the excess specific heat associated with the crossover frequency from phonon to fracton behaviour. The phonon-fracton density of states used to fit the excess specific heat gives rise to model parameters having the same magnitudes as those found previously for other glasses including samarium phosphates. The second model, formulated on the basis of soft vibrations in glasses, predicts a minimum in the excess specific heat, which is also observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02458813
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    Some considerations on error influence in the evolution of dynamical systems (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1305-1309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Systems displaying chaotic behaviour ; Theory and models of chaotic systems ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The finiteness of observational and computational precision suggests that not only the initial condition (as usually assumed) but also the evolution law of dynamical systems is affected by unavoidable uncertainties. The consequences are explored by suitably generalizing the concept of the Lyapunov exponent. The relation between the results obtained and the shadowing problem is discussed as well as some implications concerning the Kolmogorov entropy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02458817
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    Phase behaviour of rod-like colloid+flexible polymer mixtures (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 949-962 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: General studies of phase transitions ; Transitions in liquid crystals ; Colloids ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The effect of non-adsorbing, flexible polymer on the isotropic-nematic transition in dispersions of rod-like colloids is investigated. A widening of the biphasic gap is observed, in combination with a marked polymer partitioning between the coexisting phases. Under certain conditions, areas of isotropic-isotropic-nematic or isotropic-nematic-nematic three-phase coexistence appear in the phase diagram of rod-polymer mixtures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02458781
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    Rheological behaviour of worm-like micelles: Effect of electrostatic interactions (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1401-1410 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Mechanical properties of liquids ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Both linear and non-linear viscoelasticity experiments have been performed in semi-dilute micellar aqueous solutions of ethanediyl-α,ω-bis (dodecylmethylammonium bromide) as a function of solution chloride (NaCl) concentration. The results suggest that both linear and non-linear properties are affected by the electrostatic interactions. In particular, the plateau modulusG′∞ and the ratioσ m/G′∞, whereσ m represents the plateau value in a stress-shear rate experiment, are enhanced as the electrostatic interactions are screened by addition of salt. The zero-shear viscosity is lowered upon addition of NaCl, due likely to an exchange of the Cl− ions with the Br− counterions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462024
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  • 78
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geometry of bicontinuous microemulsions as revealed by SANS and simulations (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1357-1366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Fluid surfaces and fluid-fluid interfaces ; Neutron scattering techniques (including small-angle scattering) ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Water-octane-C10E4 microemulsions in both the isotropic and lamellar phases were measured using small-angle neutron scattering. Varying the scattering length density of both the water and oil through hydrogen-deuterium substitution enabled us to isolate the scattering contributions of the surfactant monolayers and the water-surfactant and oil-surfactant interfaces. Analyses of the resulting scattering patterns allow us to directly determine the small mean curvature of the surfactant film as a function of temperature and correlate this quantity with the overall phase behavior. A simulation using a Gaussian random field yields the three-dimensional structure of the bicontinuous microemulsion having a surfactant monolayer with zero mean curvature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462020
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  • 79
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cluster description of water-in-oil microemulsions near the critical and percolation points (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1419-1431 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Phase equilibria, phase transitions, and critical points of specific substances ; Optical properties of bulk materials ; Statistical theory of liquid structure ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The three-component ionic microemulsion system consisting of AOT/water/decane shows an unusual phase behavior in the vicinity of room temperature. The phase diagram in the temperature-volume fraction (of the dispersed phase) plane exhibits a lower consolute critical point at about 40 degrees centigrades and 10% volume fraction. A percolation line, starting from the vicinity of the critical point, cuts across the plane, extending to high volume fraction side at progressively lower temperatures. In this paper we review the evidence that allows to interpret the phase behavior of our system in terms of interacting spherical droplets. We also investigate the dynamics of droplets, below and approaching the critical point by dynamic light scattering. The first cumulant and time evolution of the droplet density correlation function can be quantitatively calculated by assuming the existence of polydispersed fractal clusters formed by the microemulsion droplets due to attraction. The relaxation phenomena observed in an extensive set of measurements of electrical conductivity and permittivity close to percolation is also reviewed and interpreted through the same cluster-forming mechanism, which reproduces the most relevant features of the frequency-dependent complex dielectric constant of this system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462026
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  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scale-dependent elastic response of closed phospholipid bilayers to transmembrane molecular pumping activity: a key for exo-endocytosis physiological process (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1457-1470 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Active transport processes across biological membranes cellular and subcellular transmembrane electrochemical potentials intracellular electron transport and energy transduction ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The question is asked on the physiological role of the universal molecular biological function activity of lipid transmembrane translocation in living-cell membranes. The elastic response of closed bilayers to phospholipid translocation is theoretically found to be scale dependent, leading to vesiculation for plasma membrane characteristic-size bilayers (R m≈10 μm), and to dilation strain for endocytic-vesicles characteristic-size bilayers (R m≈0.1 μm). Both vesiculation and dilation effects are experimentally proved. On the basis of this scaledependent behaviour, it is argued that transmembrane pumping activity could control both the vesiculation and the fusion processin vivo, namely the exo-endocytic cellular-membrane traffic process itself.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462030
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  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase transitions in diglyceride monolayers studied by computer simulations, pressure-area isotherms and X-ray diffraction (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1479-1485 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Surface energy (surface tension, interface tension, angle of contact, etc.) ; Phase transitions and critical phenomena ; Constant-composition solid-solid phase transformations: polymorphic ; massive, and order-disorder ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary 1,2-sn-diglyceride monolayers exhibit unique and complex phase transitions as a function of surface pressure. The dynamical response of the layer on expanding the film has been investigated by computer simulations, (π-A) isotherms and grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction. Good agreement is found between the simulations and experiments. The Langmuir film undergoes two phase transitions occurring at 38.3 and 39.8 Å2/molecule. The transition at low surface density is associated with a tilt of ≈14° in the direction close to nearest neighbour. The first transition is unique for the diglyceride molecules and has not been observed for other amphiphilic molecules. It is driven by a competition of hydrophobic/hydrophilic and intra/intermolecular forces and can be pictured as a «seesaw» mechanism. Due to the close packing of the chains at high surface pressure, thesn-1 ester group aligns with the alkyl chain, and only thesn-2 ester group is favoured to lay at the aqueous interface. Hydrophilic forces attract thesn-1 ester group, but its motion towards the aqueous subphase is hindered by intra- and intermolecular chain interactions. On expansion, the intermolecular interaction decreases, and at the first transition, the intramolecular interaction between the two chains is strong enough to cause a «swelling» of the molecules. The diffraction pattern determined in the different mesophases reveals that the layer maintains its hexagonal structure up to the second phase. Concomitant with the tilt, the structure relaxed from a hexagonal to a distorted hexagonal lattice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462032
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  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence of ionic adsorption on C12E6 non-ionic micellar solutions (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1613-1618 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Surface energy ; thermodynamic properties ; Permittivity ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary In this paper we present conductivity measurements on different concentrations of C12E6 non-ionic surfactant solutions as a function of temperature and buffer ionic strength. The experimental data were analysed by means of Looyenga equation. The isothermal slopes of the linearized Looyenga equation depend on the ionic strength, showing saturation effect. Our results indicate that one of the basic hypotheses of the mixture equations is not fulfilled. Adsorption of light ions at micellar interface is necessary to justify the experimental data. Then for non-ionic surfactant solutions the ion adsorption prevents any explicit computation of the micellar hydrated volume.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462049
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  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An immunohistochemical study of the neuronal expression of manganese superoxide dismutase in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 88 (1994), S. 151-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words: Manganese superoxide dismutase ; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Free radical ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Neuronal expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS) was investigated by an immunohistochemical method. The brains and spinal cords from 11 patients with sALS and 20 normal controls (NCs) were used, and the following four nuclei (three motor nuclei and one autonomic nucleus) were examined: the oculomotor nucleus; the hypoglossal nucleus; the cervical motor nucleus ; and Onuf's nucleus. Serial sections were stained by the Klüver-Barrera (KB) method and with human-MnSOD-specific antibodies. We counted the total number of neurons visible after KB staining and the total number of positive neurons after immunostaining. The average total number of neurons after KB staining was similar in sALS patients and NCs in both the oculomotor nucleus and Onuf's nucleus, but the number in the hypoglossal and cervical motor nuclei was significantly lower in sALS. The ratio of MnSOD-positive neurons to total neurons visible after KB staining, calculated as an index of the expression of MnSOD, was significantly higher in the oculomotor nucleus and Onuf's nucleus, and lower in the hypoglossal nucleus in sALS patients than in NCs. In the cervical motor nucleus, the ratio in sALS patients did not differ from that in NCs. These results suggest that production of toxic superoxide radicals might be increased in sALS, and that neurons that successfully induce the expression of sufficient MnSOD can survive the disease process, while those failing to activate adequate expression of the enzyme succumb to the toxic effects of the radicals and die.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294508
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  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structural and immunohistochemical identification of perineurial cells connecting proximal and distal stumps of transected peripheral nerves at early stages of regeneration in silicone tubes (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 88 (1994), S. 159-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words: Perineurial cells ; Nerve regeneration ; Immunohistochemistry ; Epithelial membrane antigen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Perineurial cells are specialized connective tissue cells that form a barrier between endoneurium and epineurium in normal nerves. In the present study, the formation of the perineurium after transection of rat sciatic nerves was investigated. The cord bridging the gap between proximal and distal stumps through silicone tubes was studied 3, 7, 12, 18, and 21 days after surgery using electron microscopy and antibodies against epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), a marker for perineurial cells that has thus far not been applied to the study of differentiating cells in nerve tubulation systems. Initially, a thin cord consisting of fibrin bridged the gap between the stumps. At 7 days, longitudinal cells had migrated from both stumps toward the center of the tubes on the surface of the fibrin cord. These cells were immunoreactive with anti-EMA. At 12 days, ultrastructural features of perineurial cells (desmosomes, tight junctions, actin filaments with dense bodies, tonofilaments) were prominent in these cells. Subsequently, the gap was bridged through the perineurial tube by endothelial cells, pericytes, fibroblasts, Schwann cells, and axons. At 21 days, a single large nerve fascicle ensheathed by a mature perineurium was found between the stumps. Thus, the first cells to connect proximal and distal stumps in the investigated nerve regeneration silicon chamber system are perineurial cells. Through the tube formed by these cells, blood vessels and nerve fibers bridge the gap. Therefore, establishment of a perineurial connection between nerve stumps appears to be important in the sequence of events during nerve regeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294509
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  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytoplasmic inclusions of astrocytic elements of glial tumors: special reference to round granulated body and eosinophilic hyaline droplets (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 88 (1994), S. 501-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Round granulated body ; Eosinophilic hyaline droplets ; Astrocytic tumors ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Round granulated body (RGB) and eosinophilic hyaline droplets (EHDs) have been described as cytoplasmic inclusions of certain astrocytic tumors. In the previous literature, however, these inclusions have been described using various terms or regarded as nosologically the same entity. Light microscopically, RGB apeared as a round discrete body filled with fine uniform granules, while EHDs demonstrated a cluster of bright eosinophilic, round objects of various size. They could be clearly distinguished even by conventional histochemical staining such as the Masson trichrome stain and the phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin preparation. Both RGB and EHDs expressed positive immunoreactions for glial fibrillary acidic protein, several lysosomal markers, and some stress-response proteins. The ultrastructural appearances of these inclusions were distinct, however, one common feature was that they consisted of aggregations of numerous membrane-bound electron-dense bodies. Thus, both inclusions appear to be produced by neoplastic astrocytes and are possibly related to the lysosomal system. We examined the presence of RGB and EHDs in 138 astrocytic tumors. Both inclusions occurred most frequently in pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas, followed by gangliogliomas and pilocytic astrocytomas. Subependymal giant cell astrocytomas exhibited only RGBs. RGBs and EHDs were not seen in any abundance in glioblastomas, gliosarcomas, fibrillary astrocytomas, protoplasmic astrocytomas, or oligo-astrocytomas. Some glioblastomas, however, showed only EHDs in small numbers. Several anaplastic astrocytomas were associated with a large number of RGBs and/or EHDs, and they revealed only rare mitosis despite marked cellular pleomorphism. Although RGB and EHDs have different morphological features, the presence of these inclusions in abundance may represent either a degenerative change, a long-standing lesion, or an indolent growth of the astrocytic tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296486
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  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytoplasmic inclusions of astrocytic elements of glial tumors: special reference to round granulated body and eosinophilic hyaline droplets (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 88 (1994), S. 501-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Round granulated body ; Eosinophilic ; hyaline droplets ; Astrocytic tumors ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Round granulated body (RGB) and eosinophilic hyaline droplets (EHDs) have been described as cytoplasmic inclusions of certain astrocytic tumors. In the previous literature, however, these inclusions have been described using various terms or regarded as nosologically the same entity. Light microscopically, RGB appeared as a round discrete body filled with fine uniform granules, while EHDs demonstrated a cluster of bright eosinophilic, round objects of various size. They could be clearly distinguished even by conventional histochemical staining such as the Masson trichrome stain and the phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin preparation. Both RGB and EHDs expressed positive immunoreactions for glial fibrillary acidic protein, several lysosomal markers, and some stress-response proteins. The ultrastructural appearances of these inclusions were distinct, however, one common feature was that they consisted of aggregations of numerous membrane-bound electron-dense bodies. Thus, both inclusions appear to be produced by neoplastic astrocytes and are possibly related to the lysosomal system. We examined the presence of RGB and EHDs in 138 astrocytic tumors. Both inclusions occurred most frequently in pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas, followed by gangliogliomas and pilocytic astrocytomas. Subependymal giant cell astrocytomas exhibited only RGBs. RGBs and EHDs were not seen in any abundance in glioblastomas, gliosarcomas, fibrillary astrocytomas, protoplasmic astrocytomas, or oligo-astrocytomas. Some glioblastomas, however, showed only EHDs in small numbers. Several anaplastic astrocytomas were associated with a large number of RGBs and/or EHDs, and they revealed only rare mitosis despite marked cellular pleomorphism. Although RGB and EHDs have different morphological features, the presence of these inclusions in abundance may represent either a degenerative change, a long-standing lesion, or an indolent growth of the astrocytic tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296486
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  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrated autoclave pretreatment enhancement of prion protein immunoreactivity in formalin-fixed bovine spongiform encephalopathy-affected brain (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 87 (1994), S. 86-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Medulla oblongata ; Prion protein (PrP) ; Bovine spongiform encephalopathy ; Formalin-fixed tissue
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The efficacy of three pretreatment techniques for the detection of prion protein (PrP) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)-affected brain tissue were compared using automated image analysis. The most abundant immunostaining was in the form of particulate expression observed in sections pretreated with hydrated autoclaving for 30 min. Considerably less immunostaining occurred in sections pretreated with formic acid and no specific particulate immunostaining was detected in sections pretreated with hydrolytic autoclaving. Hydrated autoclaving pretreatment of sections prior to PrP immunolabelling gives visualisation of widespread sites of abnormal PrP deposition in the brain, allowing detailed study of the form and distribution of the protein in routinely fixed bovine central nervous system affected with BSE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386258
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  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical analysis of the distribution of MyoD1 in muscle biopsies of primary myopathies and neurogenic atrophy (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 87 (1994), S. 605-611 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: MyoD1 ; Myopathy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neurogenic atrophy ; Werdnig-Hoffmann's disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The expression of the myogenic determination gene MyoD1 plays a primary role in the commitment of primitive mesenchymal cells to a striated muscle lineage and is down-regulated during later stages of differentiation. To determine the potential role of this gene in myopathic conditions, we examined its expression by means of immunohistochemical analysis, using a series of muscle biopsies from 14 patients with a variety of primary myopathies and neurogenic disorders. Utilizing the avidin-biotin-complex technique, cryostat sections were stained with monoclonal antibody 5.8 A, which we have previously described as having a high level of specificity for tumors with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation. Of special interest was the observation in 4 of 8 cases of neurogenic atrophy of varying levels of cytoplasmic positivity of muscle fibers, appearing to correlate with their degree of atrophy, in addition to weak nuclear staining. Muscle biopsies from 2 patients with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy and 2 patients with autoimmune inflammatory myopathies demonstrated various levels of nuclear positivity in scattered foci that appeared to correlate with areas of regeneration. A biopsy from a single case of neurogenic atrophy secondary to infantile spinal muscular atrophy (Werdnig-Hoffmann's disease) demonstrated diffuse but relatively weak staining of myofiber nuclei, in contrast to sections of normal striated muscle and muscle biopsies from patients with unexplained myoglobinuria, which exhibited only minimal amounts of staining. These data are compatible with observations that MyoD1 expression is related to electrical activity and muscle regeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293322
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  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generalised nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion disease: a rare case investigated by microscopy and immunohistochemistry (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 87 (1994), S. 648-654 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Inclusion body disease ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Viral infection ; Primary metabolic disorder
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A Caucasian female who was noted to be mildly microcephalic at birth was diagnosed as having cerebral palsy at the age of 1 year. Her development was delayed and she never walked or talked. She appeared relatively stable neurologically until the age of 17 years when she had an illness with fever thought to be due to a virus. She was noted to deteriorate from this time on until her death at the age of 19 years. Autopsy revealed intranuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions widespread throughout the brain and visceral organs. There was no evidence of inflammation. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong immunoreactivity for tau protein and neurofilament protein. Electron microscopy revealed the inclusions to be composed of homogeneous finely granular material. Scattered with the granular material in the cytoplasmic bodies were crystalline structures with a honeycomb appearance. The possibility of these changes representing an old viral infection or a primary metabolic disorder are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293327
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  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuropeptide Y immunoreactive axons in the corpus callosum of the cat during postnatal development (1994)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 190 (1994), S. 55-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Neuropeptide Y ; Corpus callosum ; Development ; Transitory axons ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Many immunocytochemical studies have identified different types of neurotransmitters localized in the corpus callosum (CC) axons in the adult mammal. Few studies have looked at the development of different neurochemically identified CC systems. Previous studies on the development of cat CC axons have indicated that a large number of transitory CC axons project to the cortex during early postnatal development. The present study focuses on the development of one neurochemically identified group of CC axons in the cat, labeled with an antibody against neuropeptide Y (NPY), to determine if this group participates in transitory CC axonal growth. Cats at specified ages from birth to adulthood were studied with a routine method of immunocytochemistry for antiserum to NPY. NPY-immunoreactive (ir) CC axons were detected at all stages examined, from newborn to adult; the peak density occurred during postnatal weeks (PNW) 3–4. During PNW 1–2, the denisty of NPY-ir CC axons increased gradually; some NPY-ir axons at this age had growth cones located within the CC bundle between the cerebral hemispheres. The density of the NPY-ir CC axons decreased gradually during PNW 5–7, and from PNW 8 to maturity only a few NPY-ir CC axons were observed. These results indicate that at least two types of NPY-ir CC axons (i.e., transitory and permanent) exist during development, and that most of these axons are eliminated or only express NPY-ir for a short period during development. The results also indicate that neurochemical subsets of CC axons participate in the extensive transitory growth observed by means of the membrane tracer DiI but they may follow unique developmental timetables.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185846
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  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondrial myopathy: correlation between oxidative defect and mitochondrial DNA deletions at single fiber level (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 87 (1994), S. 371-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Mitochondrial myopathy ; Ragged red fibers ; In situ hybridization ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In situ hybridization combined with immunohistochemical techniques has been applied to study patients affected by mitochondrial myopathies with large mitochondrial (mt)DNA deletions. All patients' muscle biopsies showed ragged red fibers (RRFs) and cytochrome oxidase (COX) deficiency. Two digoxygenin-labeled, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplifed DNAs were used as probes. One probe was designed to hybridize only with wild-type mtDNAs, while the other recognized both wild-type and deleted mtDNAs. Concomitant immunocytochemical analysis using antibodies against subunits II, III, (encoded by mtDNA) and IV (encoded by nuclear DNA) of COX was carried out. In our patients deleted mtDNAs are overexpressed in COX-negative RRFs, while wild-type mtDNAs are decreased in the same fibers. Immunohistochemistry studies show that COX IV is overexpressed in RRFs and that COX II and COX III subunits are still present. Deleted mtDNAs are spatially segregated in muscle fibers, where they interfere with the local population of normal mitochondrial genomes, causing a regional deficiency of the mitochondrial respiratory activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313606
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis (Dutch): a model for congophilic plaque formation without neurofibrillary pathology (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 88 (1994), S. 371-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Amyloid angiopathy ; Enzymehistochemistry ; Hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis (Dutch) ; Immunohistochemistry ; Senile plaques
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Plaque-like lesions and amyloid angiopathy were investigated in the frontal cerebral cortex of four patients with hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis (Dutch) (HCHWA-D), using immunohistochemical [antibodies to β amyloid protein (Aβ), β protein precursor (βPP), synaptophysin, ubiquitin (UBQ), cathepsin D, paired helical filaments (PHF) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)], enzymehistochemical (acid phosphatase) and silver [methenamine silver (MS) and Palmgren] staining methods. Whereas Aβ- and MS-positive diffuse plaques were found in all patients, only the three older patients showed neuritic or congophilic plaques, which were acid phosphatase and cathepsin D positive and contained βPP-, synaptophysin- and UBQ-positive, but PHF-negative neurites. These plaques were surrounded by reactive astrocytes. Similar immuno- and enzymereactivity was found around congophilic blood vessels. Thus, apart from neuronal degeneration in a subset of plaque-like lesions and around blood vessels, this study shows an age-related morphology of the plaques in HCHWA-D, corresponding to that in Down's syndrome (DS), with the difference that neurofibrillary (NF) pathology is absent in HCHWA-D in contrast to DS. HCHWA-D may be considered as a model for congophilic plaque formation not associated with NF pathology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310382
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structural and immunohistochemical identification of perineurial cells connecting proximal and distal stumps of transected peripheral nerves at early stages of regeneration in silicone tubes (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 88 (1994), S. 159-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Perineurial cells ; Nerve regeneration ; Immunohistochemistry ; Epithelial membrane antigen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Perineurial cells are specialized connective tissue cells that form a barrier between endoneurium and epineurium in normal nerves. In the present study, the formation of the perineurium after transection of rat sciatic nerves was investigated. The cord bridging the gap between proximal and distal stumps through silicone tubes was studied 3, 7, 12, 18, and 21 days after surgery using electron microscopy and antibodies against epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), a marker for perineurial cells that has thus far not been applied to the study of differentiating cells in nerve tubulation systems. Initially, a thin cord consisting of fibrin bridged the gap between the stumps. At 7 days, longitudinal cells had migrated from both stumps toward the center of the tubes on the surface of the fibrin cord. These cells were immunoreactive with anti-EMA. At 12 days, ultrastructural features of perineurial cells (desmosomes, tight junctions, actin filaments with dense bodies, tonofilaments) were prominent in these cells. Subsequently, the gap was bridged through the perineurial tube by endothelial cells, pericytes, fibroblasts, Schwann cells, and axons. At 21 days, a single large nerve fascicle ensheathed by a mature perineurium was found between the stumps. Thus, the first cells to connect proximal and distal stumps in the investigated nerve regeneration silicon chamber system are perineurial cells. Through the tube formed by these cells, blood vessels and nerve fibers bridge the gap. Therefore, establishment of a perineurial connection between nerve stumps appears to be important in the sequence of events during nerve regeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294509
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis (Dutch): a model for congophilic plaque formation without neurofibrillary pathology (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 88 (1994), S. 371-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Amyloid angiopathy ; Enzymehistochemistry ; Hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis (Dutch) ; Immunohistochemistry ; Senile plaques
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Plaque-like lesions and amyloid angiopathy were investigated in the frontal cerebral cortex of four patients with hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis (Dutch) (HCHWA-D), using immunohistochemical [antibodies to β amyloid protein (Aβ), β protein precursor (βPP), synaptophysin, ubiquitin (UBQ), cathepsin D, paired helical filaments (PHF) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)], enzymehistochemical (acid phosphatase) and silver [methenamine silver (MS) and Palmgren] staining methods. Whereas Aβ-and MS-positive diffuse plaques were found in all patients, only the three older patients showed neuritic or congophilic plaques, which were acid phosphatase and cathepsin D positive and contained βPP-, synaptophysin-and UBQ-positive, but PHF-negative neurites. These plaques were surrounded by reactive astrocytes. Similar immuno-and enzymereactivity was found around congophilic blood vessels. Thus, apart from neuronal degeneration in a subset of plaque-like lesions and around blood vessels, this study shows an age-related morphology of the plaques in HCHWA-D, corresponding to that in Down's syndrome (DS), with the difference that neurofibrillary (NF) pathology is absent in HCHWA-D in contrast to DS. HCHWA-D may be considered as a model for congophilic plaque formation not associated with NF pathology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310382
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purkinje cell compartments in the reeler mutant mouse as revealed by Zebrin II and 90-acetylated glycolipid antigen expression (1994)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 190 (1994), S. 417-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Neurological mutant ; Ganglioside ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neuron migration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The cerebellum is organized into a series of parasagittally aligned bands that may be revealed histologically in the adult mouse by largely complementary immunostaining of Purkinje cell sets with the monoclonal antibodies Zebrin II (ZII; antigen:aldolase C) and P-path (PP; antigen:90-acetyl glycolipids). We compared the normal staining pattern using these markers and an antibody to calbindin with that found in the reeler mutants (rl/rl), in which most Purkinje cell migration is halted beneath the cerebellar white matter. The results revealed that Purkinje cells in reeler mutants, despite their ectopic location in large subcortical masses, show a clear tendency to distribute into alternating zones that either stain for Zebrin II or for P-path, with variable transition zones of mixed labeling. However, the estimated number of zones was fewer than in the normal adult cortex: roughly 7–9 zones are revealed per side in the mutant compared with 14 major divisions in wild type mice. These results raise the possibility that neurons destined to express these markers are segregated during their migration and that the final phase of migration into the cortex might involve further splitting or interdigitation between cell sets expressing the two antigens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235488
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of C-CAM in developing oral tissues (1994)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 190 (1994), S. 251-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: C-CAM ; Immunohistochemistry ; In situ hybridization ; Palate formation ; Retinoic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract C-CAM is a cell surface glycoprotein that is involved in cell adhesion and may play a role in histogenesis and organogenesis. It is a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family, which is a subfamily of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily. We have analyzed the expression of C-CAM during normal and disturbed craniofacial development in the mouse by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Developmental disturbances were induced by retinoic acid (RA) treatment of pregnant mice. Normal and malformed fetuses were examined on days 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 of gestation. The expression of C-CAM was detected first at day 16. With age, the signal became gradually stronger. C-CAM was detected in the epithelia of both ectodermal and mesodermal origin, including oral and respiratory epithelia, epithelia of the developing vessels, glands and their ducts. In the RA-treated fetuses, the expression of C-CAM was higher in the epithelium of the oral cavity than in that of the nasal cavity, with a distinct borderline between differentiating nasal and oral epithelium of the palatal shelves. However, the submucosal nasal glands and ducts showed higher expression than oral glands in both normal and RA-treated mice. The expression of C-CAM did not differ significantly between control and RA-treated animals. The presence of C-CAM in all proliferating craniofacial epithelia indicates that this molecule may play an important role in development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234303
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BPSCCO-Ag powders obtained by a wet method and with a low carbon content for tape preparation (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1689-1693 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Other topics in superconductivity ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary High-T c superconductors with nominal composition Bi1.8Pb0.4Sr2Ca2.2Cu3O x and eventually admixed with metallic silver were prepared by an original version of the citrate route which permits an excellent interspersion of the elements and makes no use of nitrates. After exsiccation, silver is found to be in metallic form with crystal size of about 300 Å. After the decomposition of the organic part, a special treatment was found to reduce the carbon content and to obtain only the desired phase composition,i.e. 2212, Ca2PbO4 and metallic Ag. The powders obtained show high reactivity in the high-T c phase formation and very little weight loss during calcination. Tapes prepared with the powder-in-tube method showed highJ c values and constant improvement after several thermal treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462161
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and characterization of sintered pellets and «Thick» films of Bi2Sr2Y x Ca1−x Cu2O8 (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1695-1699 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Bi-based compounds ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary A systematic study of yttrium substitution for calcium in the high-temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 compound has been performed. The samples of Bi2Sr2Y x Ca1−x Cu2O8 have been prepared by the sintering standard procedure using oxides and carbonates as precursors, weighted to obtain the nominal composition with 0≤x≤1. The real stoichiometric composition of the pellets and uniformity of the samples has been verified by EDS analysis. The grain dimension (≈1 μm) and the good pellet compactness have been established by SEM morphologic observation. By X-ray diffraction analysis the crystalline structure of orthorhombic type has been established. By increasing the yttrium concentration the resistivity dependence on temperature goes from metallic to insulating behaviour. For the superconductive samplesT c decreases for increasing doping percentage. «Thick» films on MgO substrates of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 have been obtained by melting-quenching-annealing procedure. These films showed critical temperatures higher than the pellets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462162
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partial melting of bulk NdBa2Cu3O7−δ (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1723-1728 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Superconducting materials ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Two procedures of partial melting of bulk NdBa2Cu3O7−δ, in air and in reduced oxygen pressure, were developed. When the treatment was carried out in air, poor superconducting properties were observed. On the contrary, when the treatment was carried inP O 2=1.3 mbar, good properties were obtained, withT conset=93 K and 100% shielding at lower temperatures. Near full density (2.5×2.5×28) mm3 Nd1.07Ba1.89Cu3.04O7−δ bars, with domains extending in the mm size range, were obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462166
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Skeletal vibrations of cuprate superconductor-like phases: a comparison of the FT-FIR spectra of La2−x Sr x CuO4, Nd2−x Ce x CuO4 and RBa2 Cu3 O7−x (R=Ln or Y) Powders (1994)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1785-1791 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Superconducting perovskites and related structures ; Other nonmetallic inorganics ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The FT-IR/FT-FIR spectra of powders of Nd2−x Ce x CuO4 and La2−x Sr x CuO4 solid solutions and of RBa2Cu3O7−x with R=Y, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm and Yb, have been recorded at room temperature. A comparison with the published single-crystal IR data is done. An empirical assignment of the observed bands is proposed on the basis of the factor group analysis and of a discussion of the internal vibrational structure of the CuO x sheets and chains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462174
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