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  • 1995-1999  (304)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1960-1964
  • 1999  (60)
  • 1996  (244)
  • Life Sciences (general)  (304)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioremediation of oil contaminated beach sediments using indigenous microorganisms in singapore (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 225-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The potential of using indigenous microorganisms in beach sediments to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons emanating from marine oil spillages in the Straits of Singapore was investigated. A field trial was conducted using oil contaminated beach sediments from Pulau Semakau - a small island 15 km south of Singapore. The results clearly show that the addition of inorganic nutrients to beach sediments significantly enhanced the activity of indigenous microorganisms (measured using the dehydrogenase enzyme assay and viable cell count techniques), as well as the removal of total recoverable petroleum hydrocarbons (TRPH) over a 50-day study period (with up to 44% in the case of nutrient addition). The potential of exploiting in-situ bioremediation techniques for oil spill clean-up operations in tropical marine environments is discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190309
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of the production of bacterial cellulose using multivariable linear regression analysis (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 251-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose by Acetobacter xylinum was optimized by numerically finding the maximum of an arbitrarily chosen second order polynomial model function of several variables (describing the dependence of the cellulose production on the concentrations of the medium components), using multivariable linear regression analysis. The chosen function appeared to describe the analyzed correlation sufficiently well. Consequently, three to six stages of optimization made the determination of the optimum medium compositions possible for 16 days of fermentation at 30°C in a medium based on fructose (wt%: fructose, 3.68; yeast extract, 5.02; (NH4)2NO3, 0.001; KH2PO4, 0.3; MgSO4 × 7 H2O, 0.05; resulting in a cellulose production equal to 0.505 wt.% - namely 5.6 times higher than before the optimization) and for 7 days fermentations at 30°C in a medium based on sucrose and ethanol (wt.%: sucrose, 5.0; ethanol, 1.36; yeast extract, 1.27; (NH4)2SO4, 0.5; KH2PO4, 0.3; MgSO4 × 7 H2O, 0.05; resulting in a cellulose production equal to 0.251 wt.% - namely 1.5 times higher than before the optimization).
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190312
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of a polyphenol oxidase from the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor in the presence of canola meal (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 91-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The stability of a polyphenol oxidase (PPO) preparation from the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor during a process for the enzymatic decrease of the phenolic content of commercial canola meal (CM) was investigated. The effects of temperature, pH, protein origin and concentration, and meal particles were considered. The results showed that the thermal stability of the enzyme preparation was significantly increased in the presence of CM. The half-life times for the enzyme preparation, pre-incubated with CM at 50, 60, 70 and 75°C, were 45, 10.5, 3.5 and 1.5 hours, respectively; this represents an increase in the thermal stability of the enzyme preparation of up to four times in the presence of CM compared to the stability in the absence of CM. This effect was caused by the protective actions of both the CM particles and CM proteins, with the former responsible for 90% of the observed effect. The thermal stability of the enzyme in the presence of CM, from which 20% of the extractable proteins was extracted, was 5% lower compared to the stability in the presence of untreated CM. Changes in pH level from 5.0 to 3.2 resulted in a loss of stability comparable to that observed when the pre-incubation temperature was increased from 50 to 70°C.A semi-empirical model describing the changes in the concentration of the active enzyme pre-incubated in the presence and absence of CM at various incubation temperatures was proposed. A very good agreement between the model and experimental data was obtained. The proposed model, together with a general set of model parameters, can be used as a tool for the optimization of a process for the upgrade of CM by enzymatically decreasing the meal's phenolic content.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190202
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Process engineering in biological aerobic waste-water treatment (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 111-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A non-comprehensive review of several technical developments in the field of aerobic biological waste-water treatment engineering is carried out, considering the active role the engineers have to play in this field. This paper brings together conventional and advanced problems in the field of aerobic biological waste-water treatment.Such an overview of biological waste-water treatment also precedes comments on some important aspects concerning the microorganisms responsible for waste-water treatment as well as considerations of the application of fundamentals and kinetics to the analysis of the biological processes used most commonly for aerobic biological waste-water treatment.A survey of the development of the biological activated-sludge process and some modifications are given. Some problems implied in the conventional activated-sludge waste-water treatment are analyzed, considering conventional processes and bioreactor models (the continuous stirred-tank reactor model and the plug-flow reactor models of the activated-sludge process) as well as aerated lagoons.Further, modifications of the activated-sludge process are presented. These include additional details on the bioreactor progress and applications, with emphasis on aspects concerning airlift bioreactors and their variants, deep-shaft bioreactors and reciprocating jet bioreactors which are considered as the third generation of bioreactors owing to their important advantages in design, operation and performance in waste-water treatment. Sequencing-batch reactors and aerobic digestion processes, including conventional aerobic digestion, high-purity oxygen digestion, thermophilic aerobic digestion and cryophylic aerobic digestion are also reviewed.Finally, some aspects regarding the operational factors that are involved in the selection of the reactor type are included.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190205
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of LBG addition to carrageenan on the mechanical stability of the gel and the fermentative activity of immobilized propionic acid bacteria (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 147-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In the first part of the experiments, the mechanical properties of 1%, 2% and 3% carrageenan and 1%, 2% and 3% carrageenan/locust bean gum (LBG) gels stored in various concentrations of propionic and acetic acids and their mixtures were examined. The stability of these materials was measured by uniaxial compression between two parallel plates using the Instron Universal Testing Machine. A mathematical model explaining the dependence of the destroying force on the storage time was chosen for data analysis. Using this model, the average rate of gel deterioration was calculated. The structural properties of the examined gels were most influenced by the highest concentration of propionic and acetic acids and their mixtures (1% acetic acid and 2% propionic acid). The addition of LBG to carrageenan decreased the gel destroying force and increased its resistance to acids.In the second part of the experiments, the Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii NCFB 1081 and NCFB 566 were immobilized in a living state in 1%, 2% and 3% carrageenan and 1%, 2% and 3% carrageenan/LBG gels. The ammonia consumption, glucose utilization, production of propionic and acetic acids and the biosynthesis of vitamin B12 were examined. An increase in the productivity of propionic acid and a significant decrease in the vitamin B12 produced in the biosynthesis were observed when immobilized cells were used. The immobilization of cells enhanced the productivity of propionic acid by up to 40% compared to free cells. The best results were obtained for the second and third applications of immobilized cells in all concentrations of carrageenan gels and 2% and 3% carrageenan/LBG gels The results showed that carrageenan/LBG is a better support material for the immobilization of propionic acid bacteria than the pure carrageenan.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190207
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biotransformations in organic chemistry - a textbook. (Third completely revised edition). Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Barcelona, Budapest, Hong Kong, London, Milan, Paris, Santa Clara, Singapore, Tokyo: Springer-Verlag. X + 402 pages, 36 figures, 266 schemes, 25 tables; DM 58.00. ISBN: 3-540-61688-8 (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 170-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190211
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetik. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. Barcelona, Budapest, Hong Kong. London, Milan, Paris, Santa Clara, Singapore, Tokyo: Springer-Verlag, 1998. 820 pages, 455 figures, 72 tables, 30 boxes; DM 78.00. ISBN: 3-540-63528-9 (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 178-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190213
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Removal of cadmium by Pleurotus sajor-caju basidiomycetes (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 171-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The bioaccumulation of cadmium by the white rot fungus Pleurotus sajor-caju onto dry biomass was investigated using aqueous media with concentrations in the range of 0.125 mM-1.0 mM The highest cadmium uptake (between 88.9 and 91.8%) was observed with aerobic fungal biomass from the exponential growth phase. Up to 1.0 mM cadmium gradually inhibited mycelium development, but never blocked it completely. Freeze-dried, oven-dried and non-metabolizing live Pleurotus sajor-caju biomass types were tested for their capacity to adsorb the test ion Cd2+ within the pH range of 4.5 to 6.0. Freeze-dried biomass proved to be the most efficient biomass type for Cd2+ metal adsorption. Therefore, Pleurotus sajor-caju may be used for heavy metal removal and bioremediation.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190212
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrolysis of cellobiose using β-glucosidase from Penicillium funiculosum. Kinetic analysis (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 3-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetics of cellobiose hydrolysis was studied using β-glucosidase from Penicillium funiculosum, both free and immobilized on nylon powder, at different temperatures, pH values, enzymatic activities and initial cellobiose and glucose concentrations.The experimental results were fitted to a kinetic model by considering the substrate and product inhibitions as well as the thermal deactivation of β-glucosidase with a mean deviation of less than 10%. The immobilization of β-glucosidase led to an increase in the stability of the enzyme against changes in the pH value.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190102
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methods in biotechnology, Vol. 6. Enzyme and microbial biosensors. Techniques and Protocols. Totowa, New Jersey: Humana Press, 1998 264 pages, $69.50 ISBN 0-896-03410-0 (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 26-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190105
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethanol utilization for metabolite production by Candida utilis strains in liquid medium (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 27-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ethanol has been reported to be a gaseous pollutant, originating from the agricultural industry. Interest in its biodegradation has increased over the last two decades. Most of the current studies have focused on its elimination by mixed cultures. This study is part of a broader project intended to utilize Candida utilis strains for gaseous ethanol elimination and to eventually bioconvert them into biomass and/or volatile metabolites. We present here the study of six strains (one from the ATCC and five from the ICIDCA collection) cultivated in a liquid medium, with initial ethanol concentrations of 16 g/l and 32 g/l. At 16 g/l, a maximum ethanol elimination rate of 0.13 g/l × h was obtained in four of the six strains (ATCC 9950, L/375-1, L/375-5 and L/375-10). This rate increased to 0.21 g/l × h with an initial ethanol concentration of 32 g/l. The L/375-5 strain was the best biomass producer (3.3 g/l) at 32 g/l, while the highest ethyl acetate production (0.80 g/l) was obtained with the L/375-1 strain. The L/375-25 and L/375-26 strains which showed very low ethyl acetate production were, by way of contrast, efficient acetaldehyde producers, with 0.54 g/l and 0.66 g/l measured in the broth. While biomass production reached its maximum after two days of culture, the production of acetic acid and ethyl acetate continued during the third day. The results for biomass and metabolite production obtained with the ICIDCA collection strains (L/375-1, L/375-5 and L/375-10) were better than those obtained with the ATCC 9950 strain, although the latter often has been reported to be particularly suitable for metabolite production.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190106
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacteria as multicellular organism. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. 466 pages; hardcover DM. ISBN 0-19-509159-0 (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 77-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190113
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of extracellular polysaccharides by a Rhizobium species from root nodules of Cajanus cajan (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 59-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The ability of the Rhizobium sp., isolated from the root nodules of the leguminous pulse yielding shrub Cajanus cajan, to produce extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) was checked. A large amount of EPS (1, 128 μg/ml) was produced by the bacteria in yeast extract mannitol medium. Growth and EPS production started simultaneously, but the production reached its maximum level in the stationary phase of growth at 28 h. The EPS production by this Rhizobium sp. was much higher than by many other strains from nodules of Cajanus cajan which took a much longer time to reach maximum EPS production than this strain. The maximum EPS production (2,561 μg/ml) was obtained when the medium was supplemented with mannitol (1%), cetyl pyridinium chloride (2 μg/ml) and KNO3 (0.2%), in which the production was increased by 276% compared to the control. The EPS production rose in the period up to 65 h with increased mannitol concentration. The EPS contained arabinose, xylose and rhamnose monomers. The possible role of rhizobial EPS production in root nodule symbiosis is discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190110
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biosensors for food analysis. Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry, Information Services, Special Publication No. 167, 1998. IX + 200 pages, 80 figures, 38 tables; £ 49.50, ISBN 0-85404-750-6 (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 306-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190405
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wastewater treatment with algae. Berlin, Heidelberg. New York, London, Paris, Tokyo, Hong Kong: Springer-Verlag. 1998. VIII + 234 pages, 86 figures, 39 tables; DM 184.00. ISBN 3-540-63363-4 (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 340-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190409
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of extracellular polysaccharides by a Rhizobium species from the root nodules of Melilotus alba (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 331-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The Rhizobium sp., isolated from the root nodules of the leguminous fodder herb Melilotus alba, produced large amounts of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) (963.5 μg/ml) in a yeast extract mannitol medium. Growth and EPS production started simultaneously, but EPS production reached its maximum during the stationary phase of growth of the bacteria, at 20 hours. EPS production was increased with all of the thirteen sugars tested. Different nitrogen sources, such as nitrates, glutamic acid, casamino acid and L-asparagine, increased the EPS production although it was inhibited by glycine, nitrite and ammonium salts. Among the vitamins and metal ions, only pyridoxal phosphate and ZnSO4 promoted EPS production. Attempts were made to optimize the cultural requirements for growth and maximum EPS production. Maximum EPS production (1457.0 μg/ml) was obtained when the medium was supplemented with glucose (1%), pyridoxal phosphate (2 μ g/ml), ZnSO4 × 7 H2O (10 μg/ml) and glutamic acid (0.1%). Under these conditions, the production was increased by 254.3% compared to the control. The EPS contained arabinose, xylose and rhamnose monomers. The presence of arabinose and xylose in the EPS produced by a Rhizobium sp. was uncommon.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190408
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flame-burned stainless steel wire spheres as carriers of Zymomonas mobilis cells and extracellular levansucrase (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 341-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In the present work, the use of flame-burned WS as carriers of Z. mobilis and extracellular levansucrase and the effect of the cell fixation method by dehydration on system productivity were investigated. Lyophilization and convective drying of Z. mobilis biomass at 30°C to a moisture content of 10-14% gave the best results for the repeated batch fermentations of a sucrose medium to obtain levan and ethanol. Significant correlation between the product formation and the concentration of free cells in the fermentation medium was established. Clearly, the cells were weakly bound to the newly generated WS and were washed out into the medium during fermentation. Here the hypothesis is presented that components excreted from damaged cells during dehydration can intensify the reactivation of damaged living cells and influence the interactions between the cells and the wire surface.The passive immobilization of extracellular levansucrase in oxidized WS was also observed. The superiority of oxidized WS in comparison with non-treated WS is related to an increase in the number of OH groups. The potential regeneration of WS by burning after the termination of fermentation cycles was also considered.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190410
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Internationale Praxis Gentechnikrecht IP-GenTr. C. F. Müller Verlag, Hüthig GmbH. Heidelberg. 1134 pages; DM 198.00. ISBN 3-8114-0701-5 (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 146-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190206
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective recovery of xylanase from Penicillium janthinellum using BDBAC reversed micelles (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 157-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A xylanase was removed from crude extract of the fungus Penicillium janthinellum under optimized conditions: 0.10M phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, 0.2 M BDBAC (N-benzyl-N-dodeceyl-N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium chloride), 7.5% hexanole, 30°C and an agitation time of 1 minute. At 1.42 mg per ml protein concentration, 73% of the xylanase activity was recovered and a 7-fold enrichment factor was obtained. The enzyme had a molecular weight (MW) of 20.1 kDa and the isoelectric point (PI) revealed the presence of two protein bands with a PI of 6.0 and 6.5. The optimum pH and optimum temperature were 4.2 and 50°C, respectively. The low pH differential between the aqueous medium and the protein PI seemed to influence the xylanase transportation into the reversed micelles.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190208
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymes in molecular biology - essential data. Chichester. New York, Brisbane, Toronto, Singapore: John Wiley & Sons. Ltd. X + 134 pages, 2 figures, 37 tables; £ 14.99. ISBN 0-471-94842-X (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 162-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190209
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphoregulatory effect of plant growth regulators on Hypericum perforatum L. Seedlings (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 163-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The morphogenetic response of Hypericum perforatum seedlings to different auxin and cytokinin concentrations was studied. A stimulation of the concentration-dependent rooting ability was observed under the influence of indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-butyric acid. Rooting was not enhanced by the effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 1-naphtaleneacetic acid. Differentiated roots were isolated and cultured in liquid media with the same combination of growth-promoting auxins. Chromosome counts in root tip cells after long-term cultivation indicated a high degree of chromosomal instability. Multiple shoot formation occurred under the influence of 6-benzylaminopurine and kinetin. Adenine and 6-(γ,γ-dimethylallylamino)-purine did not stimulate shoot differentiation. No differences in the morphogenetic response to auxins and cytokinis were detected between diploid and tetrapoloid plants.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190210
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190301
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    Influence of a pulsed electric field on the spores and oxygen consumption of Aspergillus niger and its citric acid production (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 179-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Spores of Aspergillus niger were exposed to a pulsed electric field. After treatment by the electric field, the viability of the conidia of A. niger varied depending on the field strength, pulse width and frequency. In all cases, these parameters reduced the viability rate of the conidia from 2.0 × 107 to a range from 6.2 × 106 to 8.5 × 106 spores/ml (3.1 to 42.6%). After pulse treatment, the conidia were used as the inoculum for citric acid fermentation in shake flasks. The highest increase in citric acid yield (about 1.4-fold) was reached at a field strength of 2.85 kV/cm, a frequency of 1 Hz and a pulse width of 1 ms. When the parameters of the electric field increased there were important changes in the respiration rate of the Aspergillus niger mycelium (48-h-old) after electric shock treatment. The highest consumption of dissolved oxygen (22.9%) in the medium by Aspergillus niger mycelium was observed at an electric field strength of 2.85 kV/cm, a 1 Hz frequency, a pulse width of 1 ms and a 1-min exposure period. It seems that an electric-field stimulation of the conidia prior to inoculation may offer an important method of improving the efficiency of citric acid. The treatment of the conidia is both simple from the technical point of view and extremely rapid.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190214
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    Eu-Umweltaudits. Zukunftsfähige Geschäftsprozesse gestalten. Berlin, Heidelberg. New York, Barcelona, Budapest, Hong Kong, London, Milan, Paris, Santa Clara, Singapore, Tokyo: Springer Verlag 251 pages, 25 figures; DM 98.00 ISBN 3-540-61809-0 (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 16-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190103
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
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    Ligninolytic enzymes from corncob cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium under semi-solid-state conditions (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 17-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of adding some inducers of lignolytic activity to semi-solid-state cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium BKM-F-1767 (ATCC 24725) were investigated. The inducers assayed were veratryl alcohol and solid manganese (IV) oxide. The microorganism was cultured on corncob, which functioned both as physical support and source of nutrients.Supplementing the cultures with veratryl alcohol created the situation where manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP) and lignin peroxidase (LiP) activities of approximately 1,500 U/l and 200 U/l, respectively, could be attained. These activities were considerably higher than those obtained in the reference cultures (about 5 and 4-fold).In the same way, the addition of manganese (IV) oxide led to MnP and LiP activity levels of about 2,000 U/l and 300 U/l, respectively. These activities were also notably above (about 6 and 5-fold, respectively) those achieved in the reference cultures.Moreover, laccase activity (around 200 U/l) was only detected in veratryl alcohol or manganese (IV) oxide supplemented cultures.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190104
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    Advances in biochemical engineering biotechnology. Biotechnology in the Pulp and Paper Industry (Vol. 57). Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. Barcelona, Budapest, Hong Kong, London, Milan, Paris, Santa Clara, Singapore. Tokyo: Springer Verlag. 1997. 339 pages, 41 figures, 52 tables, hardcover DM 330.00 ISBN 3-540-61868-6 (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 57-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190109
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  • 27
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    Growth of Thermus aquaticus and its TaqI endonuclease production (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 45-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The culture behaviour of Thermus aquaticus was characterized. The response of the bacterium to various carbon (tryptone, glucose, glycerol) and nitrogen sources (yeast extract, NaNO3, (NH4)2SO4, leucine, thymine, thiamine, glutamic acid) was studied. Amino acids did not support growth, but CASTENHOLZ salt medium supplemented with yeast extract and glucose or tryptone resulted in good growth and production. A suitable medium composition giving the highest biomass concentration and enzyme yield was developed. The simple medium containing TYE-NaCl resulted in the highest biomass concentration, whereas CASTENHOLZ mineral medium supplemented with tryptone and yeast extract gave the highest specific activity and enzyme yield. The effect of inoculum age and size on growth was also investigated in order to improve the yield and process consistency. The use of shake flasks inoculated with precultures at their early or late stationary phase resulted in the same biomass concentration (0.56 ± 0.015 g/l) and similar maximum specific growth rates (0.258 ± 0.003 h-1). Inoculum sizes between 1 and 2.5 per cent were optimal for cell growth. As the other papers on thermophilic microorganisms, including the T. aquaticus YT-1 strain, gave qualitative information on growth, the results presented here cannot be compared with others on a quantitative basis. TaqI endonuclease was purified using a 5 step protocol including cell disruption, adsorption, precipitation, column chromatography and final dialysis. The enriched fraction had a specific activity of 33,600 U TaqI endonuclease per mg protein.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190108
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    Acknowledgement of the Editors (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 88-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190116
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  • 29
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    Methylobacterium rhodesianum produces poly-3-hydroxybutyrate and after mutagenesis in addition exopolysaccharides (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 79-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Methylobacterium rhodesianum MB 126, a pink-pigmented facultatively methylotrophic bacterium that uses that serine pathway for the assimilation of reduced C1 compounds, is able to produce poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) under certain limitation conditions. Mutants of this bacterium, which were isolated after the treatment with sodium nitrite, are impaired in their ability to synthesize PHB, but produce another polymer in addition to PHB, namely an exopolysaccharide (EPS). This paper attempts to explain this surprising behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190114
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    Microbiology of fermented foods. (Volume 1 and 2). London, Weinheim, New York, Tokyo, Melbourne, Madras: Blackie Academic & Professional, An Imprint of Chapman & Hall, 1998. 852 pages, 109 figures, 153 tables; £ 199.00. ISBN 0-7514-0216-8 (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 110-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190204
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  • 31
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    Masthead (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190101
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  • 32
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    Use of natural polymers as immobilizing agents and effects on the growth of Dunaliella salina and its glycerol production (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 37-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Agar-agar, agarose, carrageenan and calcium alginate were used for the immobilization of Dunaliella salina cells. Out of the four, agar-agar was found to be the most effective and therefore the study was carried out on it using different pH values ranging from 6 to 10 and cell densities from 0.1 to 0.8 μg chlorophyll (chl, a) per bead to find which are is best suited for glycerol production. The maximum glycerol production of 9.2 μM/mg chl a was recorded in agar-agar immobilized algae and this was followed by 8.4 μM/mg chl a in calcium alginate. The maximum cell number 6.2 × 109/ml and the specific growth rate (μ) of 0.80 l/day were reached at pH 8 in agar-agar immobilized algae. It was shown that the maximum amount of glycerol was produced when the cell density was 0.8 μg chl a/ block. Changing the medium after 24 hours affected the rate of glycerol production at different pH values. Using a cell density of 0.8 μg chl a/block at 16 W/m2 light intensity increased the glycerol production in comparison with the use of free living cells.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190107
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    Hydrolysis of lactose in whey permeate by immobilized β-galactosidase from Penicillium notatum (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 235-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new low-cost β-galactosidase (lactase) preparation for whey permeate saccharification was developed and characterized. A biocatalyst with a lactase activity of 10 U/mg, a low transgalactosylase activity and a protein content of 0.22 mg protein/mg was obtained from a fermenter culture of the fungus Penicillium notatum. Factors influencing the enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose, such as reaction time, pH, temperature and enzyme and substrate concentration were standardized to maximize sugar yield from whey permeate. Thus, a 98.1% conversion of 5% lactose in whey permeate to sweet (glucose-galactose) syrup was reached in 48 h using 650 β-galactosidase units/g hydrolyzed substrate. After the immobilization of the acid β-galactosidase from Penicillium notatum on silanized porous glass modified by glutaraldehyde binding, more than 90% of the activity was retained. The marked shifts in the pH value (from 4.0 to 5.0) and optimum temperatures (from 50°C to 60°C) of the solid-phase enzyme were observed and discussed. The immobilized preparation showed high catalytic activity and stability at wider pH and temperature ranges than those of the free enzyme, and under the best operating conditions (lactose, 5%; β-galactosidase, 610-650 U/g lactose; pH 5.0; temperature 55°C), a high efficiency of lactose saccharification (84-88%) in whey permeate was achieved when lactolysis was performed both in a batch process and in a recycling packed-bed bioreactor. It seems that the promising results obtained during the assays performed on a laboratory scale make this immobilizate a new and very viable preparation of β-galactosidase for application in the processing of whey and whey permeates.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190311
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    Digital image analysis of microbes imaging, morphometry, fluorometry and motility techniques and applications. Chichester, New York, Weinheim, Brisbane, Singapore, Toronto: John Wiley & Sons, 1998. 551 pages, 230 figures, 7 plates, 25 tables; hardcover £ 120.00. ISBN 0-471-97440-4 (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 261-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190313
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  • 35
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    Studies on α-amylase production by Bacillus licheniformis MIR-61 (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 263-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An acid α-amylase hyperproducing strain, designated as MIR-61, was isolated in a screening procedure from South American soil samples. MIR-61, a 60°C thermoresistant strain, was identified using 98 biochemical and morphological tests and characterized as Bacillus licheniformis by numerical taxonomy. Batch cultures of B. licheniformis MIR-61 showed extracellular α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities during the exponential growth phase.The production of α-amylase was studied at free and constant pH values at 37 and 45°C. Maximum α-amylase activity (4,767 kU/dm3 in a liquid medium) was detected at 45°C at a constant pH (7.0) in the late exponential phase. The α-amylase production by B. licheniformis MIR-61 is 10 to 300 times higher than the enzyme production reported in strains of the same species.Optimum α-amylase activity was found at 50 to 67°C in an acid pH range from 5.5 to 6.0. These properties would allow its use in starch industry processes.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190314
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190401
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    Biologische Bodenreinigung, ein Leitfaden für die Praxis. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. London, Paris, Tokyo, Hong Kong: Springer-Verlag, 1998. 311 pages, 61 figures, 33 tables; DM 98.00. ISBN 3-540-62396-5 (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 305-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190404
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  • 38
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    Continuous biodegradation of phenoxyalkanoate herbicides by Sphingomonas herbicidovorans MH in a PU-supplied bubble reactor (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 279-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The continuous aerobic degradation of phenoxyalkanoate herbicides by Sphingomonas herbicidovorans MH was investigated in a bubble reactor filled with modified polyurethane-foam (PU 90/51) as a carrier for the adsorptive immobilization of the bacterial cells. The PU-foam was applied in the form of plates (5 × 10 × 10 mm) and the amount added was equivalent to a PU-load of 1.25% [w/v]. Strain MH is capable of detoxifying the dichloro-substituted phenoxyalkanoates 2,4-DP, 2,4-D and 2,4-DB and the methylchloro-substituted phenoxyalkanoates MCPA, MCPP and MCPB. Degradation of the respective substrate was followed by HPLC analyses and by determination of the chloride release. No intermediates of the degradation pathways or “dead end” products were detected by HPLC analyses. The PU-bubble reactor with immobilized 2,4-DP-pre-grown cells was run continuously at 30°C at the high dilution rate of D = 0.5h-1 with 2,4-DP (0.2 g/l), and with subsequent changes to each of the other phenoxyalkanoates as a single substrate in the feed and with an intermittent return to 2,4-DP. Finally, after an intermediate substrate accumulation, 2,4-D, 2,4-DP, MCPA and MCPP could be degraded under the aforementioned conditions corresponding to a maximum degradation rate of Qphen = 100 mg/l × h. In the case of 2,4-DB, a slightly reduced conversion rate of about 94% could be calculated. In contrast to these results, 0.2 g/l of the more recalcitrant MCPB could not be metabolized at this high dilution rate of D = 0.5 h-1 by the biofilm of Sphingomonas herbicidovorans MH, but it was degradable at a reduced dilution rate of D = 0.25 h-1. Complete detoxification of a stoichiometric mixture of the dichloro- and the methylchloro-substituted phenoxyalkanoates including MCPB, respectively, at a total concentration of 0.2 g/l was achieved at D = 0.25 h-1, corresponding to a degradation rate of Qtot = 50 mg/l × h. Finally, the efficiency of the PU-immobilized cells of Sphingomonas herbicidovorans MH in detoxifying mixtures of all six herbicides could be increased to Qtot = 75 mg/l × h by the further addition of PU-foam particles corresponding to a final PU-load of 2.5% [w/v]. This PU-bubble reactor was successfully operated for more than 12 months to clean up synthetically concocted waste waters with fluctuations in phenoxyalkanoate concentration and composition.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190402
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  • 39
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    Biodesulphurization of mengen lignite by Rhodoccocus rhodochrous in a batch stirred and aerated tank fermenter (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 307-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The biodesulphurization of Mengen lignite by a mesophilic bacterium, Rhodococcus rhodochrus ATCC 53968, was investigated in a batch stirred and aerated reactor. The experiments were carried out at 28°C with an inoculum percentage, initial pH, initial sodium acetate and lignite concentration of the biodesulphurization medium of 8% [v/v], 6.5 mM, 20 mM and 20 g/l, respectively. Variations in the sulphur contents of the lignite relative to the biodesulphurization period were monitored. The effects of the stirring and aeration rates on the removal of different sulphur forms from coal were investigated in the ranges 450-1,200 rpm and 0.1-0.53 vvm and the optimum values were found to be 500 rpm and 0.18 vvm, respectively. An increase in the total sulphur reduction with increasing biodesulphurization time was observed. The maximum total sulphur removal percentage was found to be 15.2% at 1,200 rpm after four days of incubation. The highest total sulphur removal rate was calculated on the second day of microbial desulphurization for each run. The total and organic sulphur contents of the coal after biodesulphurization were correlated with the stirring and aeration rates by using the non-linear least squares regression method. In the experimental runs lasting 8 days, the highest organic sulphur reducing percentage of 10.1% was obtained at a stirring rate of 500 rpm and an aeration rate of 0.40 vvm.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190406
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    Increased enzymatic activities and levels of superoxide anion and phenolic compounds in cultures of basidiomycetes after temperature stress (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 319-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Selected strains of basidiomycetes (Abortiporus biennis, Trametes versicolor and Cerrena unicolor) were shown to produce enhanced extracellular peroxidase (EP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and laccase activities following the exposure of 10-day-old fungal cultures to separate high and low temperature stress. The stressful conditions also caused an increase in the concentrations of phenol compounds and superoxide anion radicals in these cultures. At first, peroxidase activity was observed at 12 hours from the moment of temperature stress application. Laccase activity appeared at 96 hours after the maximum levels of superoxide anion radicals (48 h) and SOD activity (36-72 h). The concentration of phenolic substances grew steadily during the period of cultivation. These relations between laccase, SOD and EP as well as superoxide radicals and phenol levels in the environment of ligninolytic fungi seems to be important in the course of the biosynthesis or biodegradation of lignin, as the consequence of adaptation of these basidiomycetes to environmental temperature conditions.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190407
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    Erneuerbare Energien (Renewable Energies). Stuttgart, Leipzig: B. G. Teubner, 1999. 335 pages; DM 39.80. (Teubner Studienbucher). ISBN 3-519-03550-2 (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 356-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190412
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  • 42
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    Separation of two dichlorprop/α-ketoglutarate dioxygenases with enantiospecific properties from Comamonas acidovorans MC1 (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 349-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Comamonas acidovorans MC1, which is capable of degrading the chiral phenoxypropionate herbicides 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionate [dichlorprop, (RS)-2,4-DP] and 2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propionate [mecoprop, (RS)-MCPP] and of degrading the phenoxyacetate herbicides 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D) and 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate (MCPA), was investigated with respect to the enzymatic basis of this broad substrate specificity. The initial steps of the degradation pathway of (RS)-2,4-DP and 2,4-D were studied. By applying either ion exchange chromatography or hydrophobic interaction chromatography it was possible to separate two enzyme fractions with etherolytic activity, which exhibited pronounced substrate specificity. One enzyme fraction was highly specific for the degradation of the R-enantiomer of 2,4-DP and did not essentially attack the S-configuration. The other enzyme fraction showed pronounced activity toward the cleavage of the S-enantiomer and additionally utilized 2,4-D with almost equal velocity; (R)-2,4-DP was even cleaved at a low rate by this enzyme. These results confirm the existence of phenoxyalkanoatedegrading enzymes with enantiospecific properties in strain MC1.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190411
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    Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology, Vol. 60. Scheper, T. (series editor). Relation between morphology and process performances. Schogerl, K. (volume editor). Berlin, Heidelberg. New York, London, Pans, Tokyo, Hong Kong: Springer-Verlag. 1998. 274 pages, 141 figures, 30 tables; DM 298.00. ISBN: 3-540-62567-4 (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 187-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190215
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  • 44
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    Microbial degradation of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate using landfill soils (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 191-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The population of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate-degrading microorganisms and the biodegradation of PHB in local landfill soils were examined in vitro and in vivo. Forty-two PHB-degraders consisting of 12 bacteria, 25 actinomycetes and 5 moulds were isolated. The total PHB-degraders averaged 4.7 × 107 and 20 × 104 colony forming units (cfu)/g for San Mateo wet and dry soils, respectively, and 2.3 × 107 and 8.5 × 104 cfu/g for Carmona wet and dry samples, respectively. The PHB-degraders formed 0-59% of the total microbial population in San Mateo and 8-42% in Carmona. Complete (100%) degradation of PHB powder was observed for Chryseomonas-27 and Aspergillus-39 on day 5 in shake flask culture and for Streptomyces-4 on day 7. Burial test in landfill soils showed a 90-91% weight loss of PHB film strips within four weeks; the weight loss of polypropylene film strips was up to 0.12% only. Scanning electron micrographs of degraded films revealed the attachment of microbial cells and fungal mycelium and spores on the surfaces. Holes and cavities were also noted due to the microbial degradation processes.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190302
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  • 45
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    The development of biotechnology in environmental processesUpdated plenary lecture from the ISEB conference on bioremediation (Leipzig, 24-27 September 1997) (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 205-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The application of biotechnology in environmental processes is an enormous subject that could remain the topic of a university lecture course for many years. For this reason I wish to limit my lecture to a few examples and to attempt to sketch out particularly promising opportunities for future development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190304
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  • 46
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    Sensors update Vol. 1: Sensor technology - applications - markets. Weinheim, New York, Basel, Cambridge, Tokyo: VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, 1996. Second revised edition. Approx. 280 pages; £ 125.00. ISBN 3-527-29329-9 (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 212-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190306
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  • 47
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    Isolation of the crude oil degrading marine Acinetobacter sp. E11 (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 213-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The Acinetobacter sp. E11, isolated from Port Dickson Beach, Malaysia, was able to grow in media containing crude oil as the sole carbon and energy source. Substrate specificity studies showed that the bacterium exhibited substrate preference as growth was observed only in media containing aliphatic hydrocarbons, while aromatic and cyclic hydrocarbons inhibited growth. With the aliphatic hydrocarbons, growth was seen only in the long-chain alkanes tested (pentadecane, dodecane and hexadecane). No growth was recorded in the short-chain alkanes (pentane, hexane and heptane) tested. With complex hydrocarbons, only crude oil and 4T SHELL engine oil supported growth. No growth was observed in kerosene and PETRONAS gasoline. The isolate could grow in up to 10% and 20% [v/v] of the crude oil and alkanes tested, respectively. Among the long-chain alkanes tested, hexadecane was the most preferred, followed by pentadecane and dodecane. Nitrogen and phosphorous supplements were essential for growth and the best growth was achieved with 3% nitrogen/phosphorous additions. Microscopic observation revealed that the bacterium adhered to the hexadecane and crude oil droplets. GC analysis showed that the bacterium was able to degrade more than 60% of the hydrocarbons in the crude oil in 15 days at 37°C compared to the uninoculated media.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190307
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  • 48
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    Biotechnology. A multi-volume comprehensive treatise. Completely revised 2nd edition. H. J. REHM and G. REED. In cooperation with A. PÜHLER and P. STADLER. Volume editors: KLEINKAUF, H., von DÖHREN, H., Volume 7. Products of secondary metabolism. Weinheim, New York. Basel, Cambridge, Tokyo: VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH. ISBN 3-527-28317-X (Weinheim), XV + 728 pages, 266 figures, 57 tables; single volume price: DM 545.00; series price: DM 425.00 per volume Series ISBN 3-527-28310-2 (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 234-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190310
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  • 49
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    Biotechnology. A multi-volume comprehensive treatise completely revised 2nd edition. Volume 8a. Products of secondary metabolism. Weinheim, New York. Basel, Cambridge, Tokyo: VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH. ISBN 3-527-28318-8 (Weinheim) XIV + 607 pages, 440 figures, 80 tables; single volume price: DM 545.00; series price: DM 425.00, per volume Series ISBN 3-527-28310-2 (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 273-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190315
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  • 50
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    Investigation of aerobic degradation kinetics of surfactants using respirometric batch experiments (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 293-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The mineralization of a non-ionic alcohol ethoxylate (AEO) surfactant was investigated over the concentration range occurring in rinsing water from surfactant production processes. For this, an experimental set-up for respirometric batch experiments was developed. The set-up and the method were validated by experiments with glucose as the single carbon source. It was possible to calculate substrate decay from the time course of exogenously consumed oxygen during respirometric batch experiments. The kinetic coefficients calculated by respirometry showed a lower standard deviation than those calculated from emasured glucose concentrations.The degradation mechanism of AEO was investigated by identification of metabolities, occurring during the mineralization process of AEO, using Flow Injection Mass spectrometry (FI-MS). It was concluded that the degradation of AEO occurs in two main steps. First, the enzymatic hydrolysis of AEO into alcohol and polythylene glycol (PEG) is performed. Second, the mineralization of both substances takes place, while the mineralization of the alcohol is faster than that of the PEG. The mineralization kinetics were investigated in respirometric batch experiments. The model used is based on double MONOD kinetics for the substrates being produced by hydrolysis (μmax1 = 0.047 h-1, Ks1 = 15 mg/l DOC for alcohol; μmax2 = 0.027 h-1, KS2 = 4 mg/l DOC for PEG). The validation of the model by calculating the results obtained from measurements in a continuously operated lab scale CSTR with bacteria recycle was successful.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190403
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    Molar growth yields of Zymomonas mobilis on glucose after the transition from anaerobic to aerobic continuous growth (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 69-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An increase in the molar growth yield (YX/S = 14.3-20.3 g/mol) on glucose (25 mM) was achieved after the transition of Zymomonas mobilis ATCC 29191 from anaerobic to aerobic steady state growth at dilution rates of D = 0.31-0.40 1/h and under oxygen-unlimited conditions. The transfer of anaerobically or aerobically grown steady state cells into a fresh medium resulted in the higher values of YX/S. A positive correlation was established between biomass and acetaldehyde yield within the range of 5-9 mM acetaldehyde in the medium. An inhibitory effect of the exogenously added acetaldehyde (Ki = 16.7 ± 2.8 mM) on the ATPase activity was observed in vitro, using cell-free extracts of anaerobically grown Z. mobilis. The results obtained provide evidence that the increased values of biomass yield could be explained by the redirection of ATP usage during aerobic growth of Z. mobilis.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190111
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    Modern optics, electronics and high precision techniques in cell biology. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. Barcelona, Budapest, Hong Kong, London, Milan, Paris, Santa Clara, Singapore. Tokyo: Springer Verlag, 1997. 261 pages, 120 figures; hardcover DM 248.00. ISBN 3-540-62673-5 (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 76-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190112
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  • 53
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    Conference Announcement. DECHEMA-Jahrestagungen '99. 17. Jahrestagung der Biotechnologen vom 27. bis 29. April 1999 in Wiesbaden (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 86-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190115
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  • 54
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    Masthead (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190201
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  • 55
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    Mineral content of the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus sajor-caju (FR.) SINGER cultivated on different kinds of biomass (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 101-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Pleurotus sajor-caju (FR.) SINGER was cultivated on different organic wastes, namely sericulture waste, Populus deltoides MARSH, and Eupatorium adenophorum SPRENG. Paddy straw was taken as the control and all the data were compared with it. The mineral contents of the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus sajor-caju and the substrates on which the mushroom was grown were analyzed. Among the eight minerals determined (calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sodium, iron, manganese and zinc), the potassium content was highest followed by phosphorus, magnesium and sodium. Analysis of the mineral contents of the substrates before cultivation had also been carried out. The mineral contents of the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus sajor-caju were found to be different on different substrates. It was also observed that the mineral contents of the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus sajor-caju increase when cultivated on substrates with higher mineral contents. The maximum mineral contents per 100 g of the substrates before cultivation were Ca - 347 mg; P - 151 mg; K - 1,805 mg; Na - 127 mg; Mg - 227 mg; Fe - 53 mg; Mn - 10 mg and zn - 3.1 mg. The mineral contents of the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus sajor-caju per 100 g ranged as follows: Ca - 25.1 mg to 35.3 mg; P - 448 mg to 602 mg; K - 2,146 mg to 2350 mg; Na - 139 mg to 229 mg; Mg - 153 mg to 224 mg; Fe - 9.74 mg to 20.75 mg; Mn - 2.5 mg to 4.0 mg and Zn - 2.2 mg to 3.1 mg.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190203
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  • 56
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    Production of L-malate from fumarate by the yeast Dipodascus magnusii (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 357-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An alternative microbiological method for the production of malate from fumarate is presented. The yeast Dipodascus magnusii was used for this bioconversion.The optimum cell growth temperature was 28°C and the working volume 120 ml. The highest level of fumarase activity during bioconversion was achieved at a pH of 7.5 and a temperature of 37°C. These conditions were determined as optimal. Using sodium fumarate (1M), the maximum specific productivity of malic acid obtained was 1.72 g/(gDCW × h) for intact cells. In the case of ammonium fumarate, it was 2.25 g/(gDCW × h).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190413
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    Encyclopaedia of molecular biology and molecular medicine. Weinheim, New York, Basel, Cambridge, Tokyo: VCH Verlag. 6 volumes, 2537 pages, hardcover, 6 volumes, per volume DM 490.00. ISBN 3-527-28478-8 (set) (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 363-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190414
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  • 58
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    Chemical analysis. A series of monographs on analytical chemistry and its application. Principles of chemical and biological sensors. New York, Chichester, Weinheim, Singapore, Toronto: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998. Approx. 320 pages; £ 70.00. ISBN 0-471-54619-4 (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 204-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190303
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  • 59
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    Modelling of in situ techniques for treatment of contaminated soils. Soil vapour extraction, sparging, and bioventing. Lancaster, Basel: Technomic Publishing Co., Inc., XVI + 567 pages, 274 figures, 89 tables; $74.95. ISBN 1-56676-234-0 (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 211-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190305
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    Environmental engineering - international perspectives. Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern. New York, Pans, Wien: Peter Lang GmbH, Europäischer Verlag der Wissenschaften, 1998. 193 pages, approx. 30 figures, approx. 40 tables; öS 400.00. ISBN 3-631-33455-9 (1999)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 19 (1999), S. 224-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370190308
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  • 61
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    Masthead (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320120301
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  • 62
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    Current awareness on yeast (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 299-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320120302
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  • 63
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    Pyruvate decarboxylase: An indispensable enzyme for growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on glucose (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 247-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: pyruvate decarboxylase ; sugar metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; metabolic compartmentation ; acetyl-CoA ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the structural genes PDC1, PDC5 and PDC6 each encode an active pyruvate decarboxylase. Replacement mutations in these genes were introduced in a homothallic wild-type strain, using the dominant marker genes APT1 and Tn5ble. A pyruvate-decarboxylase-negative (Pdc-) mutant lacking all three PDC genes exhibited a three-fold lower growth rate in complex medium with glucose than the isogenic wild-type strain. Growth in batch cultures on complex and defined media with ethanol was not impaired in Pdc- strains. Furthermore, in ethanol-limited chemostat cultures, the biomass yield of Pdc- and wild-type S. cerevisiae were identical. However, Pdc- S. cerevisiae was unable to grow in batch cultures on a defined mineral medium with glucose as the sole carbon source. When aerobic, ethanol-limited chemostat cultures (D = 0·10 h-1) were switched to a feed containing glucose as the sole carbon source, growth ceased after approximately 4 h and, consequently, the cultures washed out. The mutant was, however, able to grow in chemostat cultures on mixtures of glucose and small amounts of ethanol or acetate (5% on a carbon basis). No growth was observed when such cultures were used to inoculate batch cultures on glucose. Furthermore, when the mixed-substrate cultures were switched to a feed containing glucose as the sole carbon source, wash-out occurred. It is concluded that the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex cannot function as the sole source of acetyl-CoA during growth of S. cerevisiae on glucose, neither in batch cultures nor in glucose-limited chemostat cultures.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 64
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    Effects of a novel DNA-damaging agent on the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 349-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; rad9 ; mutant ; alkylating agents ; cell cycle ; checkpoints ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have investigated the effects on Saccharomyces cerevisiae of a novel antitumour agent (FCE24517 or Tallimustine) which causes selective alkylations to adenines in the minor groove of DNA. Tallimustine, added to wild-type cells for short periods, reduced the growth rate and increased the percentage of budded cells and delayed the cell cycle in the late S+G2+M phases. In the rad9Δ null mutant cells, Tallimustine treatment did not affect growth rate and the percentage of budded cells but greatly reduced cell viability compared to isogenic cells. Consistent with a role of RAD9 in inducing a transient delay in G2 phase which preserves cell viability, the potent cytotoxic effect of the drug on rad9Δ cells was alleviated by treatment with nocodazole. Tallimustine was also found to delay the resumption from G1 arrest of wild-type but not of rad9Δ cells. These data indicate that the effects of Tallimustine on cell cycle progression in yeast are mediated by the RAD9 gene product. From our data it appears that yeast could be a valuable model system to study the mode of action of this alkylating drug and of minor groove alkylators in general.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 65
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    Physical mapping of a centromere-proximal region of chromosome IV-l defines the placement of genes USO1, MBP1, PSA1 and SLC1 (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 411-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome IV ; USO1 ; INT1 ; MBP1 ; PSA1 ; SLC1 ; YLA1 ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A physical map of a 14·5 kb region close to the centromere on the left arm of chromosome IV of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is presented. This map has been constructed by restriction analysis of a clone from a YCp50 genomic library and by use of pre-existing and new sequence data from this region. The map reveals the following gene order (reading from the most centromere-distal to the most centromere-proximal locus): USO1/INT1-MBP1-PSA1-SLC1-YLA1 and defines the size of the open reading frames and intergenic regions.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 66
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    Sequencing a cosmid clone of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XIV reveals 12 new open reading frames (ORFs) and an ancient duplication of six ORFs (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 391-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: yeast ; gene duplication ; ribosomal protein ; dnaJ homologue ; fork head domain ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A sequence of 31431 bp located on the left arm of chromosome (chr.) XIV from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was analysed. A total of 18 open reading frames (ORFs) could be identified. Twelve ORFs are new, two of which are most likely ribosomal protein genes, leaving ten ORFs of unknown function. Nine of the 18 ORFs show either at least 20% overall amino acid identity or significant regional homology to other S. cerevisiae ORFs. Additionally, six of these nine ORFs have homologues of similar size and the same transcriptional orientation within a stretch of 50 kb on chromosome IX. The degree of homology ranges from 90% overall identity to 23% in 375 amino acids. The homologues on chromosome IX are grouped in two blocks that are separated by relatively long ORFs. This is the first example of a multi-gene duplication in S. cerevisiae not linked to a centromere or subtelomere region. The sequence has been deposited in the EMBL data library under Accession Number X86470.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 67
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    Masthead (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320120401
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  • 68
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    Genomic reorganization between two sibling yeast species, Saccharomyces bayanus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 757-764 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces bayanus ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosomal rearrangement ; translocation ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Genomic comparison of two sibling yeast species, Saccharomyces bayanus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was performed by Southern blot analysis with various S. cerevisiae gene probes following electrophoretic karyotyping. Fifteen genes on chromosome IV of S. cerevisiae were examined and classified into two groups. Gene probes of CEN4 and TRP1, as well as six other genes located on the left arm of the chromosome hybridized to a 1100-kb chromosome of S. bayanus that is smaller than chromosome IV of S. cerevisiae. On the other hand, probes of seven genes located on the right arm of chromosome IV hybridized to a 1350-kb chromosome that is homeologous to chromosome IV, judging from its size. Two genes located on the left arm of chromosome II hybridized to the 1350-kb chromosome, while four genes on the right arm hybridized to the 1100-kb chromosome. These pieces of evidence indicate that chromosomes II and IV of S. cerevisiae are rearranged into 1350-kb and 1100-kb chromosomes in S. bayanus. Furthermore, it is suggested that chromosome XV is rearranged into two chromosomes (800 and 850 kb in size) in S. bayanus. The translocation points of chromosomes II and IV were delimited using S. cerevisiae prime clone membranes. The results indicated that the translocation points are located close to the FUR4 locus on chromosome II and close to the RAD57 locus on chromosome IV.
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    Vacuolar and extracellular maturation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteinase A (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 823-832 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: aspartyl protease ; proteolytic activation ; zymogen ; yeast ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The vacuolar aspartyl protease proteinase A (PrA) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is encoded as a preproenzyme by the PEP4 gene and transported to the vacuole via the secretory route. Upon arrival of the proenzyme proPrA to the vacuole, active mature 42 kDa PrA is generated by specific proteolysis involving the vacuolar endoprotease proteinase B (PrB). Vacuolar activation of proPrA can also take place in mutants lacking PrB activity (prb1). Here an active 43 kDa species termed pseudoPrA is formed, probably by an autocatalytic process. When the PEP4 gene is overexpressed in wild-type cells, mature PrA can be found in the growth medium. We have found that prb1 strains overexpressing PEP4 can form pseudoPrA extracellularly. N-terminal amino acid sequence determination of extracellular, as well as vacuolar pseudoPrA showed that it contains nine amino acids of the propeptide, indicating a cleavage between Phe67 and Ser68 of the preproenzyme. This cleavage site is in accordance with the known substrate preference for PrA, supporting the notion that pseudoPrA is formed by autoactivation. When a multicopy PEP4 transformant of a prb1 mutant was grown in the presence of the aspartyl protease inhibitor pepstatin A, a significant level of proPrA was found in the growth medium. Our analyses show that overexpression of PEP4 leads to the secretion of proPrA to the growth medium where the zymogen is converted to pseudoPrA or mature PrA in a manner similar to the vacuolar processing reactions. Amino acid sequencing of secreted proPrA confirmed the predicted cleavage by signal peptidase between Ala22 and Lys23 of the preproenzyme.
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    Identification of ACT4, a novel essential actin-related gene in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 839-848 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: actin-related protein ; DAPI staining ; gene disruption ; chromosome X ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Actin molecules are major cytoskeleton components of all eukaryotic cells. All conventional actins that have been identified so far are 374-376 amino acids in size and exhibit at least 70% amino acid sequence identity when compared with one another. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, one conventional actin gene ACT1 and three so-called actin-related genes, ACT2, ACT3 and ACT5, have been identified. We report here the discovery of a new actin-related gene in this organism, which we have named ACT4. The deduced protein, Act4, of 449 amino acids, exhibits only 33·4%, 26·7%, 23·4% and 29·2% identity to Act1, Act2, Act3 and Act5, respectively. In contrast, it is 68·4% identical to the product of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe Act2 gene and has a similar level of identity to other Sch. pombe Act2 homologues. This places Act4 in the Arp3 family of actin-related proteins. ACT4 gene disruption and tetrad analysis demonstrate that this gene is essential for the vegetative growth of yeast cells. The act4 mutants exhibit heterogenous morphological phenotypes. We hypothesize that Act4 may have multiple roles in the cell cycle. The sequence has been deposited in the Genome Sequence Data Base under Accession Number L37111.
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    The targeting of bacillus subtilis levansucrase in yeast is correlated to both the hydrophobicity of the signal peptide and the net charge of the N-terminus mature part (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 953-963 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Heterologous gene expression ; levansucrase ; signal peptide ; B. subtilis ; S. cerevisiae ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We compared the ability of signal sequences from various Bacillus or yeast secreted proteins to direct Bacillus subtilis levansucrase into the secretion pathway of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The efficiency of these sequences correlated with the overall hydrophobicity of their h-domain and was independent of their origin. Furthermore, the net charge of the proximal protein sequence downstream from the signal sequence contributed to the competence of the heterologous proteins to be secreted by yeast. Modification of this net charge allowed the protein to be translocated under the control of the yeast invertase signal sequence. Moreover, glycosylation of levansucrase did not modify significantly the fructosyl polymerase activity.
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    Characterization of the SAC3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 965-975 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: act1-1 ; SAC3 ; ConA-labelling ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A temperature-sensitive mutation (act1-1) in the essential actin gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be suppressed by mutations in the SAC3 gene. A DNA fragment containing the SAC3 gene was sequenced. SAC3 codes for a 150 kDa hydrophillic protein which does not show any significant similarities with other proteins in the databases. Sac3 therefore is a novel yeast protein. A nuclear localization of Sac3 is suggested by the presence of a putative nuclear localization signal in the Sac3 sequence. A SAC3 disruption mutation was constructed. SAC3 disruption mutants were viable but grew more slowly and were larger than wild-type cells. In contrast to the sac3-1 mutation, the SAC3 disruption was not able to suppress the temperature sensitivity and the osmosensitivity of the act1-1 mutant. This demonstrates that act1-1 suppression by sac3-1 is not the result of a simple loss of SAC3 function. Furthermore, we examined the act1-1 and the sac3 mutants for defects in polarized cell growth by FITC-Concanavalin A (Con A)-labelling. The sac3 mutants showed a normal ConA-labelling pattern. In the act1-1 mutant, however, upon shift to non-permissive temperature, newly synthesized cell wall material, instead of being directed towards the bud, was deposited at discrete spots in the mother cell.
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    Current awareness on yeast (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 991-998 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320121002
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    A computer filtering method to drive out tiny genes from the yeast genomeThis paper is dedicated to the memory of Angelos Kalogeropoulos who left us prematurely. (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1163-1178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Gene prediction ; correspondence analysis ; functional analysis ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The authors of the first yeast chromosome sequence defined a minimum threshold requirement of 100 codons, above which an open reading frame (ORF) is retained as a putative coding sequence. However, at least 58 yeast genes shorter than 100 codons have an assigned protein function. Therefore, the yeast genome may contain other tiny but functionally important genes that are discarded from analyses by this simple filtering rule.We have established discriminant functions from the in-phase hexamer frequencies of functional genes and of simulated ORFs derived from a stationary Markov chain model. Fifty-two out of the 58 genes were recognized as coding ORFs by our discriminating method. The test was also applied to all the small ORFs (36 to 100 codons) found in the intergenic regions of published chromosomes. It retained 140 new potential tiny coding sequences, among which we identified seven new genes by similarity searches. Our method, used conjointly with similarity searches, can also highlight sequencing errors resulting from the disruption of the coding frame of longer ORFs. This method, by its ability to detect potential coding ORFs, can be a very useful tool for functional analysis.
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    The S. cerevisiae nitrogen starvation-induced Yvh1p and Ptp2p phosphatases play a role in control of sporulation (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1135-1151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; sporulation ; phosphatase ; nitrogen metabolism ; gene regulation ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Starvation for nitrogen in the absence of a fermentable carbon source causes diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to leave vegetative growth, enter meiosis, and sporulate; the former nutritional condition also induces expression of the YVH1 gene that encodes a protein phosphatase. This correlation prompted us to determine whether the Yvh1p phosphatase was a participant in the network that controls the onset of meiosis and sporulation. We found that expression of the IME2 gene, encoding a protein kinase homologue required for meiosis- and sporulation-specific gene expression, is decreased in a yvh1 disrupted strain. We also observed a decrease, albeit a smaller one, in the expression of IME1 which encodes an activator protein required for IME2 expression. Under identical experimental conditions, expression of the MCK1 and IME4 genes (which promote sporulation but do not require Ime1p for expression) was not affected. These results demonstrate the specificity of the yvh1 disruption phenotype. They suggest that decreased steady-state levels of IME1 and IME2 mRNA were not merely the result of non-specific adverse affects on nucleic acid metabolism caused by the yvh1 disruption. Sporulation of a homozygous yvh1 disruption mutant was delayed and less efficient overall compared to an isogenic wild-type strain, a result which correlates with decreased IME1 and IME2 gene expression. We also observed that expression of the PTP2 tyrosine phosphatase gene (a negative regulator of the osmosensing MAP kinase cascade), but not the PTP1 gene (also encoding a tyrosine phosphatase) was induced by nitrogen-starvation. Although disruption of PTP2 alone did not demonstrably affect sporulation or IME2 gene expression, sporulation was decreased more in a yvh1, ptp2 double mutant than in a yvh1 single mutant; it was nearly abolished in the double mutant. These data suggest that the YVH1 and PTP2 encoded phosphatases likely participate in the control network regulating meiosis and sporulation. Expression of YVH1 and PTP2 was not affected by nitrogen source quality (asparagine compared to proline) suggesting that nitrogen starvation-induced YVH1 and PTP2 expression and sensitivity to nitrogen catabolite repression are on two different branches of the nitrogen regulatory network.
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    Masthead (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320121101
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    Current awareness on yeast (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1179-1186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320121102
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    Cloning of Candida albicans SEC14 gene homologue coding for a putative essential function (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1097-1105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: SEC14 ; Candida albicans ; protein secretion ; pathogenic fungi ; PI-TP ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The yeast SEC14 gene product is required for the transport of proteins from the Golgi complex. We have cloned the homologous Candida albicans SEC14 gene (CaSEC14) by functional complementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae thermosensitive mutant, sec14. Some putative TATA boxes have been identified in CaSEC14 and, contrary to S. cerevisiae SEC14, no introns were found in the Candida homologue. Sequence analysis revealed that CaSec14p is a 301 amino acid protein, 67% identical to S. cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces lactis Sec14p, and 61% identical to the 300 amino-terminal residues of Yarrowia lipolytica Sec14p. Hydrophatic profile analysis of CaSec14p suggests a soluble protein without transmembrane domains, as has been described for the S. cerevisiae counterpart. While it was easy to disrupt one allele of SEC14 in C. albicans, repeated attempts to disrupt the second allele were unsuccessful, thus suggesting that the gene could be essential for vegetative growth in C. albicans. The sequence has been deposited in the EMBL data library under Accession Number X81937.
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    Molecular, functional and evolutionary characterization of the gene encoding HMG-CoA reductase in the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1107-1124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: HMG-CoA reductase ; endoplasmic reticulum ; molecular evolution ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe ; lovastatin ; karmellae ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The synthesis of mevalonate, a molecule required for both sterol and isoprene biosynthesis in eukaryotes, is catalysed by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. Using a gene dosage approach, we have isolated the gene encoding HMG-CoA reductase, hmg1+, from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Accession Number L76979). Specifically, hmg1+ was isolated on the basis of its ability to confer resistance to lovastatin, a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase. Gene disruption analysis showed that hmg1+ was an essential gene. This result provided evidence that, unlike Saccharomyces cerevisiae, S. pombe contained only a single functional HMG-CoA reductase gene. The presence of a single HMG-CoA reductase gene was confirmed by genomic hybridization analysis. As observed for the S. cerevisiae HMG1p, the hmg1+ protein induced membrane proliferations known as karmellae. A previously undescribed ‘feed-forward’ regulation was observed in which elevated levels of HMG-CoA synthase, the enzyme catalysing the synthesis of the HMG-CoA reductase substrate, induced elevated levels of hmg1+ protein in the cell and conferred partial resistance to lovastatin.The amino acid sequences of yeast and human HMG-CoA reductase were highly divergent in the membrane domains, but were extensively conserved in the catalytic domains. We tested whether the gene duplication that produced the two functional genes in S. cerevisiae occurred before or after S. pombe and S. cerevisiae diverged by comparing the log likelihoods of trees specified by these hypotheses. We found that the tree specifying post-divergence duplication had significantly higher likelihood. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses of available HMG-CoA reductase sequences also suggested that the lineages of S. pombe and S. cerevisiae diverged approximately 420 million years ago but that the duplication event that produced two HMG-CoA reductase genes in the budding yeast occurred only approximately 56 million years ago. To date, S. pombe is the only unicellular eukaryote that has been found to contain a single HMG-CoA reductase gene. Consequently, S. pombe may provide important opportunities to study aspects of the regulation of sterol biosynthesis that have been difficult to address in other organisms and serve as a test organism to identify novel therapies for modulating cholesterol synthesis.
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    RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity related to the 20S RNA replicon of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1219-1228 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: replication ; WdsRNA ; RNA polymerase ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains two double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses (L-A and L-BC) and two different single-stranded (ssRNA) replicons (20S RNA and 23S RNA). Replicase (dsRNA synthesis on a ssRNA template) and transcriptase (ssRNA synthesis on a dsRNA template) activities have been described for L-A and L-BC viruses, but not for 20S or 23S RNA. We report the characterization of a new in vitro RNA replicase activity in S. cerevisiae. This activity is detected after partial purification of a particulate fraction in CsCl gradients where it migrates at the density of free protein. The activity does not require the presence of L-A or L-BC viruses or 23S RNA, and its presence or absence is correlated with the presence or absence of the 20S RNA replicon. Strains lacking both this RNA polymerase activity and 20S RNA acquire this activity when they acquire 20S RNA by cytoduction (cytoplasmic mixing). This polymerase activity converts added ssRNA to dsRNA by synthesis of the complementary strand, but has no specificity for the 3′ end or internal template sequence. Although it replicates all tested RNA templates, it has a template size requirement, being unable to replicate templates larger than 1kb. The replicase makes dsRNA from a ssRNA template, but many single-stranded products due to a terminal transferase activity are also formed. These results suggest that, in contrast to the L-A and L-BC RNA polymerases, dissociation of 20S RNA polymerase from its RNA (or perhaps some cellular factor) makes the enzyme change its specificity.
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    SHM1: A multicopy suppressor of a temperature-sensitive null mutation in the HMG1-like abf2 gene (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1239-1250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: HM ; ABF2 ; SHM1 ; mitochondrial carrier proteins ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: HM, an HMG1-like mitochondrial DNA-binding protein, is required for maintenance of the yeast mitochondrial genome when cells are grown in glucose. To better understand the role of HM in mitochondria, we have isolated several multicopy suppressors of the temperature-sensitive defect associated with an abf2 null mutation (lacking HM protein). One of these suppressors, SHM1, has been characterized at the molecular level and is described herein. SHM1 encodes a protein (SHM1p) that shares sequence similarity to a family of mitochondrial carrier proteins. On glycerol medium, where mitochondrial function is required for growth, shm1 deletion mutants are able to grow, whereas shm1 abf2 double mutants are severely inhibited. These results suggest that SHM1p plays an accessory role to HM in the mitochondrion. The GenBank Accession Number for the SHM1 sequence is U08352.
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    N-glycosylation affects endoplasmic reticulum degradation of a mutated derivative of carboxypeptidase yscY in yeast (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1229-1238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: alpha1,2-mannosidase ; calnexin ; endoplasmic reticulum ; degradation ; glycosylation ; yeast ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of eukaryotic cells contains a quality control system, that is required for the proteolytic removal of aberrantly folded proteins that accumulate in this organelle. We used genetic and biochemical methods to analyse the involvement of N-glycosylation in the degradation of a mutant derivative of carboxypeptidase yscY in the ER of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our results demonstrate that N-glycosylation of this protein is required for its degradation since an unglycosylated species is retained stably in the ER. Cells that were devoid of the ER-processing α1,2-mannosidase showed reduced degradation of the glycosylated substrate protein. Disruption of CNE1, a gene encoding a putative yeast homologue for calnexin, did not exhibit any effects on the degradation of this substrate protein in vivo. Also, the α1,2-mannosidase-dependent reduction in the degradation rate did not show any correlation with the function of the CNE1 gene product. Our results suggest that the ER of yeast contains a glycosylation-dependent quality control system, as has been shown for higher eukaryotic cells.
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    Functional conservation of cytosolic proteins required for endosomal vesicle fusion (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1251-1262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: yeast ; Sec18 ; endocytosis ; NEM ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Recent studies suggest that intracellular membrane traffic relies upon families of related proteins which confer specificity to individual transport reactions but which operate in tandem with a ubiquitous fusogenic complex containing the N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF). The extent to which components of this process are functionally conserved is apparent from the finding that yeast Sec18 protein (Sec18p) can substitute for mammalian NSF in intra-Golgi transport reactions. Here we report that yeast cytosol can support mammalian endosomal vesicle fusion, demonstrating conservation of cytosolic components required for this reaction. Furthermore, under conditions in which the fusion reaction is NSF-dependent we show that yeast Sec18p can functionally substitute for NSF, showing that the yeast protein is capable of catalysing at least two distinct mammalian membrane fusion events. In addition we exploit the complex pattern of sensitivity of the mammalian reaction to N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), coupled with the use of yeast cytosol, to dissect a number of factors required for fusion. We reveal at least three novel NEM-sensitive activities. One of these can be restored by yeast cytosol suggesting that it is functionally conserved.
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    Mapping of gene controlling thiamine transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1279-1283 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; thiamine transport ; recessive allele ; chromosome VII ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A recessive mutation leading to complete loss of thiamine uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was mapped on the left arm of chromosome VII, approximately 56cM centromere-distal to trp5. As the analysed locus is relatively distant from its centromere and from the markers used, its attachment to chromosome VII was confirmed by chromosome loss methods.
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    The sequence of a 23·4kb segment on the right arm of chromosome VII from Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals CLB6, SPT6, RP28A and NUP57 genes, a ty3 element and 11 new open reading frames (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1273-1277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; right arm of chromosome VII ; cosmid clone pEGH054 ; CLB6 ; SPT6 ; RP28A ; NUP57 ; Ty element ; autonomous replicating sequence ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The DNA sequence of 23427bp from the right arm of chromosome VII of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is reported. The sequence contains 18 open reading frames (ORFs). Four of these are identical to genes already known. G5970 corresponds to the CLB6 gene. G6169 is identical to the SPT6 gene. G6178 represents the RPS28A gene and G6320 corresponds to the 3′-region from the NUP57 gene. Four ORFs (G5978, G5982, G5984, G5995) belong to a Ty3-1 element. A further ORF (G5975) encodes a tRNAcys. The other ORFs revealed no significant similarity to any known gene.The DNA and protein sequences have been deposited in the EMBL Data bank. They are available under the following accession numbers: ORF G 5970, G 5975, G 5978, G 5982, G 5984, G 5995, G 5999, G 6140, G 6145, G 6150, G 6153, G 6163, G 6166, G 6169, G 6172, G 6178, G 6320; DNA sequence accession Z72894/ X70436/ X72890, M34549,  - , Z72895, Z72896, Z72897, Z72898, Z72899, Z72899, Z72899/ M34391, Z72902, Z72903/ M96570, Z72904/ X83099/ X81155; Protein sequence accession S64417/ S43736, S41736,  - , S64417, S64419, S64420, S64421, S64422, S64423, S64423/ A36468, S64425, S64426/ A46703, S64428 /S51799/ S55976.
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    Cloning of the Penicillium minioluteum gene encoding dextranase and its expression in Pichia pastoris (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1187-1200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: dextranase ; Penicillium minioluteum ; Pichia pastoris ; heterologous gene expression ; protein secretion ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The DEX gene encoding an extracellular dextranase was isolated from the genomic DNA library of Penicillium minioluteum by hybridization using the dextranase cDNA as a probe. Comparison of the gene and cDNA sequences revealed that the DEX gene does not contain introns. Amino acid sequences comparison of P. minioluteum dextranase with other reported dextranases reveals a significant homology (29% identity) with a dextranase from Arthrobacter sp. CB-8. The DEX gene fragment encoding a mature protein of 574 amino acids was expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris by using the SUC2 gene signal sequence from Saccharomyces cerevisiae under control of the alcohol oxidase-1 (AOX1) promoter. Over 3·2g/l of enzymatically active dextranase was secreted into the medium after induction by methanol. The yeast product was indistinguishable from the native enzyme in specific activity and the N-terminus of both proteins were identical.
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    Mutations in an Abf1p binding site in the promoter of yeast RPO26 shift the transcription start sites and reduce the level of RPO26 mRNA (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1339-1350 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: RPO26 ; ABF1 ; transcription initiation ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A binding site for the transcription factor Abf1p was identified as an important promoter element of the gene that encodes Rpo26, a subunit common to all three yeast nuclear RNA polymerases (RNAP). Mutations in the Abf1p binding site were identified among a pool of rpo26 mutant alleles that confer synthetic lethality in combination with a temperature-sensitive mutation (rpo21-4) in the gene that encodes the largest subunit of RNAPII (Rpo21p). In the presence of the wild-type allele of RPO21 these rpo26 promoter mutations confer a cold-sensitive growth defect. Electrophoretic mobility-shift assays using purified Abf1p demonstrated that Abf1p binds to the RPO26 promoter and that the promoter mutations abolish this binding in vitro. Quantitation of the amount of RPO26 mRNA showed that mutations in the Abf1p binding site reduce the expression of RPO26 by approximately 60%. Mutations that affect Abf1p binding also result in a shift of the RPO26 transcriptional start sites to positions further upstream than normal. These results suggest that binding of the Abf1p transcription factor to the RPO26 promoter is important not only in establishing the level of transcription for this gene, but also in positioning the initiation sites of transcription.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 88
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    Current awareness on yeast (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1385-1392 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320121302
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  • 89
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    Sequence of a 39 411 bp DNA fragment covering the left end of chromosome VII of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1555-1562 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: chromosome sequencing ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; ADH4 ; FZF1 ; HKB ; RTG2 ; HFM1 ; PDE1 ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have sequenced a DNA fragment of 39 411 bp which includes part of the left telomere of chromosome VII of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have identified 19 open reading frames (ORFs); six correspond to known yeast genes (ADH4, FZF1, HKB, RTG2, HFM1 and PDE1), nine have similarity with other genes and four exhibit no significant similarity with any known gene. The average size of these ORFs seems to be related to their location, the eight ORFs nearest the telomere being shorter than the 11 others. These two groups of genes are separated by a region of 4·5 kb devoid of significant ORFs. One ORF, NRF120, is a new member of the seripauperine family, represented once in all sequenced yeast chromosomes, in a subtelomeric location. This sequence has been entered in the EMBL data library under accession number X94357.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 90
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    Analysis of a 22 956 bp region on the right arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XV (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1563-1573 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: genome sequencing ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome XV ; ORFs ; predictable functions ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We present here the sequence analysis of a DNA fragment (cosmid pUOA1258) located on the right arm of chromosome XV. The 22 956 bp sequence reveals 14 open reading frames (ORFs) longer than 300 bp and the 201 bp RPS33 gene. Among the 14 large ORFs, two overlapping frames are likely to be non-expressed and one corresponds to the known GLN4 gene encoding glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase. Two ORFs, O3571 and O3620, encode putative transcriptional regulators with a Zn(2)-Cys(6) DNA binding domain characteristic of members of the GAL4 family. Among the nine remaining ORFs, five (O3568, O3575, O3590, O3615 and O3625) present significant similarity to proteins of unknown function and four (O3580, O3595, O3630 and O3635) lack homology to sequences present in the databases screened. This sequence has been deposited in the GenBank database under Accession Number U55021.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 91
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    Analysis of a 23 kb region on the left arm of yeast chromosome IV (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1587-1592 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: genome sequencing ; chromosome IV ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a 23 kb segment from the left arm of chromosome IV, which is carried by the cosmid 1L10. This sequence contains the 3′ coding region of the STE7 and RET1 (COP1) genes, and 13 complete open reading frames longer than 300 bp, of which ten correspond to putative new genes and three (CLB3, MSH5 and RPC53) have been sequenced previously. The sequence from cosmid 1L10 was obtained entirely by a combined subcloning and walking primer strategy.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 92
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    Sequence and analysis of a 26·9 kb fragment from chromosome XV of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1575-1586 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome sequencing ; chromosome XV ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have determined the nucleotide sequence of a fragment of chromosome XV of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cloned into cosmid pEOA048. The analysis of the 26 857 bp sequence reveals the presence of 19 open reading frames (ORFs), and of one RNA-coding gene (SNR17A). Six ORFs correspond to previously known genes (MKK1/SSP32, YGE1/GRPE/MGE1, KIN4/KIN31/KIN3, RPL37B, DFR1 and HES1, respectively), all others were discovered in this work.Only five of the new ORFs have significant homologs in public databases, the remaining eight correspond to orphans (two of them are questionable). O5248 is a probable folylpolyglutamate synthetase, having two structural homologs already sequenced in the yeast genome. O5273 shows homology with a yeast protein required for vanadate resistance. O5268 shows homology with putative oxidoreductases of different organisms. O5257 shows homology with the SAS2 protein and another hypothetical protein from yeast. The last one, O5245, shows homology with a putative protein of Caenorhabditis elegans of unknown function. The present sequence corresponds to coordinates 772 331 to 799 187 of the entire chromosome XV sequence which can be retrieved by anonymous ftp (ftp. mips. embnet. org).
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 93
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    Masthead (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320121501
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  • 94
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    Current awareness on yeast (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1593-1600 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320121502
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  • 95
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    Identification of proteins of the yeast protein map using genetically manipulated strains and peptide-mass fingerprinting (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1519-1533 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces ; yeast protein map ; protein identification ; mass spectrometry ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In this study we used genetically manipulated strains in order to identify polypeptide spots of the protein map of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Thirty-two novel polypeptide spots were identified using this strategy. They corresponded to the product of 23 different genes. We also explored the possibilities of using peptide-mass fingerprinting for the identification of proteins separated on our gels. According to this strategy, proteins contained in spots are digested with trypsin and the masses of generated peptides are determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). The peptide masses are then used to search a yeast protein database for proteins that match the experimental data. Application of this strategy to previously identified polypeptide spots gave evidence of the feasibility of this approach. We also report predictions on the identities of nine unknown spots using MALDI-MS.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 96
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    A novel cell wall protein specific to the mycelial form of Yarrowia lipolytica (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1535-1548 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Yarrowia lipolytica ; cell wall ; mycelium ; cDNA ; YWP1 ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A cDNA clone specifying a cell wall protein was isolated from a Yarrowia lipolytica cDNA library. The cDNA library was constructed in the expression vector λgt11, with the RNA isolated from actively growing mycelial cells. The deduced amino acid sequence shows that the encoded protein contains an N-terminal hydrophobic signal peptide. We have designated this protein YWP1 for Yarrowia lipolytica cell Wall Protein. Northern hybridization identified YWP1 transcript only when Y. lipolytica was growing in the mycelial form. The encoded protein seems to be covalently bound to the glucan cell wall since it is not released from the cell walls by sodium dodecyl sulphate extraction, but it is solubilized following partial degradation of β-glucan by Zymolyase digestion. The protein is localized in the outer surface on the tip of the growing mycelial cells and is found partially cryptic in sub-apical locations, suggesting that it participates directly in the mycelial wall architecture.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 97
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    Publisher's note (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1601-1601 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320121602
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  • 98
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    Masthead (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320121601
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  • 99
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    List of referees (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1602-1602 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320121603
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  • 100
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    The DNA sequence of cosmid 14-5 from chromosome XIV reveals 21 open reading frames including a novel gene encoding a globin-like domain (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1071-1076 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: yeast ; genome sequencing ; SLA2 ; ZWF1 ; BLH1 ; KEX2 ; SIN4 ; URE2 ; globin ; DnaJ/kw ; zinc-finger ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In this paper is described the DNA sequence of cosmid 14-5 from chromosome XIV of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The sequence is 38 855 bases long and contains 21 open reading frames (ORFs) plus three internal ORFs. Six ORFs correspond to known yeast genes (SLA2, ZWF1, BLH1, KEX2, SIN4 and URE2); two other ORFs had already been sequenced because they are adjacent to known genes; the remaining 12 ORFs are novel genes. Of these, one ORF (N1142) is particularly interesting since it shows a significant similarity to mammalian globin. Another ORF (N1254) displays two zinc finger motifs as well as a DNAJ motif. The cosmid sequence has been submitted to the EMBL data library under Accession Number Z69381.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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