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  • 1975-1979  (3,423)
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  • Organic Chemistry  (5,605)
  • ddc:510
  • ddc:530
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: Convexity is an important property in nonlinear optimization since it allows to apply efficient local methods for finding global solutions. We propose to apply symbolic methods to prove or disprove convexity of rational functions over a polyhedral domain. Our algorithms reduce convexity questions to real quantifier elimination problems. Our methods are implemented and publicly available in the open source computer algebra system REDUCE. Our long term goal is to integrate REDUCE as a workhorse'' for symbolic computations into a numerical solver.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-06-30
    Description: Applications which need exclusive access to a shared resource in distributed systems require a fault-tolerant and scalable mechanism to coordinate this exclusive access. Examples of such applications include distributed file systems and master/slave data replication. We present Flease, an algorithm for decentralized and fault-tolerant lease coordination in distributed systems. Our algorithm allows the processes competing for a resource to coordinate exclusive access through leases among themselves without a central component. The resulting system easily scales with an increasing number of nodes and resources. We prove that Flease ensures exclusive access, i.e. guarantees that there is at most one valid lease at any time.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We propose an efficient column generation method to minimize the probability of delay propagations along aircraft rotations. In this way, delay resistant schedules can be constructed. Computational results for large-scale real-world problems demonstrate substantial punctuality improvements. The method can be generalized to crew and integrated scheduling problems.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: In optimal control problems with nonlinear time-dependent 3D PDEs, full 4D discretizations are usually prohibitive due to the storage requirement. For this reason gradient and quasi-Newton methods working on the reduced functional are often employed. The computation of the reduced gradient requires one solve of the state equation forward in time, and one backward solve of the adjoint equation. The state enters into the adjoint equation, again requiring the storage of a full 4D data set. We propose a lossy compression algorithm using an inexact but cheap predictor for the state data, with additional entropy coding of prediction errors. As the data is used inside a discretized, iterative algorithm, lossy coding maintaining an error bound is sufficient.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2020-03-11
    Description: Bovine fertility is the subject of extensive research in animal sciences, especially because fertility of dairy cows has declined during the last decades. The regulation of estrus is controlled by the complex interplay of various organs and hormones. Mathematical modeling of the bovine estrous cycle could help in understanding the dynamics of this complex biological system. In this paper we present a mathematical model of the bovine estrous cycle that includes the processes of follicle and corpus luteum development and the key hormones that interact to control these processes. Focus in this paper is on development of the model, but also some simulation results are presented, showing that a set of equations and parameters is obtained that describes the system consistent with empirical knowledge. Even though the majority of the mechanisms that are included are only known qualitatively as stimulatory or inhibitory effects, the model surprisingly well features quantitative observations made in reality. This model of the bovine estrous cycle could be used as a basis for more elaborate models with the ability to study effects of external manipulations and genetic differences.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-03-14
    Description: Learning during search allows solvers for discrete optimization problems to remember parts of the search that they have already performed and avoid revisiting redundant parts. Learning approaches pioneered by the SAT and CP communities have been successfully incorporated into the SCIP constraint integer programming platform. In this paper we show that performing a heuristic constraint programming search during root node processing of a binary program can rapidly learn useful nogoods, bound changes, primal solutions, and branching statistics that improve the remaining IP search.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We propose a novel integer programming approach to transfer minimization for line planning problems in public transit. The idea is to incorporate penalties for transfers that are induced by “connection capacities” into the construction of the passenger paths. We show that such penalties can be dealt with by a combination of shortest and constrained shortest path algorithms such that the pricing problem for passenger paths can be solved efficiently. Connection capacity penalties (under)estimate the true transfer times. This error is, however, not a problem in practice. We show in a computational comparison with two standard models on a real-world scenario that our approach can be used to minimize passenger travel and transfer times for large-scale line planning problems with accurate results.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Description: The aim of this paper is to devise an adaptive timestep control in the contact--stabilized Newmark method (CONTACX) for dynamical contact problems between two viscoelastic bodies in the framework of Signorini's condition. In order to construct a comparative scheme of higher order accuracy, we extend extrapolation techniques. This approach demands a subtle theoretical investigation of an asymptotic error expansion of the contact--stabilized Newmark scheme. On the basis of theoretical insight and numerical observations, we suggest an error estimator and a timestep selection which also cover the presence of contact. Finally, we give a numerical example.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Railway scheduling is based on the principle of the construction of a conflict-free timetable. This leads to a strict definition of capacity: in contrast with road transportation, it can be said in advance whether a given railway infrastructure can accommodate - at least in theory - a certain set of train requests. Consequently, auctions for railway capacity are modeled as auctions of discrete goods -- the train slots. We present estimates for the efficiency gain that may be generated by slot auctioning in comparison with list price allocation. We introduce a new class of allocation and auction problems, the feasible assignment problem, that is a proper generalization of the well-known combinatorial auction problem. The feasible assignment class was designed to cover the needs for an auction mechanism for railway slot auctions, but is of interest in its own right. As a practical instance to state and solve the railway slot allocation problem, we present an integer programming formulation, briefly the ACP, which turns out to be an instance of the feasible assignment problem and whose dual problem yields prices that can be applied to define a useful activity rule for the linearized version of the Ausubel Milgrom Proxy auction. We perform a simulation aiming to measure the impact on efficiency and convergence rate.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: This paper presents concepts and implementation of the finite element toolbox Kaskade 7, a flexible C++ code for solving elliptic and parabolic PDE systems. Issues such as problem formulation, assembly and adaptivity are discussed at the example of optimal control problems. Trajectory compression for parabolic optimization problems is considered as a case study.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: In this paper a bottom-up approach of automatic simplification of a railway network is presented. Starting from a very detailed, microscopic level, as it is used in railway simulation, the network is transformed by an algorithm to a less detailed level (macroscopic network), that is sufficient for long-term planning and optimization. In addition running and headway times are rounded to a pre-chosen time discretization by a special cumulative method, which we will present and analyse in this paper. After the transformation we fill the network with given train requests to compute an optimal slot allocation. Then the optimized schedule is re-transformed into the microscopic level and can be simulated without any conflicts occuring between the slots. The algorithm is used to transform the network of the very dense Simplon corridor between Swiss and Italy. With our aggregation it is possible for the first time to generate a profit maximal and conflict free timetable for the corridor across a day by a simultaneously optimization run.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: In solving large polynomial algebraic systems that are too big for standard Gröbner basis techniques one way to make progress is to introduce case distinctions. This divide and conquer technique can be beneficial if the algorithms and computer programs know how to take advantage of inequalities. A further hurdle is the form of the resulting general solutions which often have unnecessarily many branches. In this paper we discuss a procedure to merge solutions by dropping inequalities which are associated with them and, if necessary, by re-parametrizing solutions. In the appendix the usefulness of the procedure is demonstrated in the classification of quadratic Hamiltonians with a Lie-Poisson bracket $e(3)$. This application required the solution of algebraic systems with over 200 unknowns, 450 equations and between 5000 and 9000 terms.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: In the paper arguments are given why the concept of static evaluation (SE) has the potential to be a useful extension to Monte Carlo tree search. A new concept of modeling SE through a dynamical system is introduced and strengths and weaknesses are discussed. The general suitability of this approach is demonstrated. A Remark: Among users of the Internet Go server KGS the abbreviation SE is used for 'Score Estimator'. Although different from 'Static Evaluation' a score estimator is easily obtained from static evaluation by adding up probabilities of chains to be alive at the end of the game or points to be owned by White or Black
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: Linear Poisson brackets on e(3) typical of rigid body dynamics are considered. All quadratic Hamiltonians of Kowalevski type having additional first integral of fourth degree are found. Quantum analogs of these Hamiltonians are listed.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: A solution generating technique is developed for $D=5$ minimal supergravity with two commuting Killing vectors based on the $G_2$ U-duality arising in the reduction of the theory to three dimensions. The target space of the corresponding 3-dimensional sigma-model is the coset $G_{2(2)}/(SL(2,R)\times SL(2,R))$. Its isometries constitute the set of solution generating symmetries. These include two electric and two magnetic Harrison transformations with the corresponding two pairs of gauge transformations, three $SL(2,R) \; S$-duality transformations, and the three gravitational scale, gauge and Ehlers transformations (altogether 14). We construct a representation of the coset in terms of $7\times 7$ matrices realizing the automorphisms of split octonions. Generating a new solution amounts to transforming the coset matrices by one-parametric subgroups of $G_{2(2)}$ and subsequently solving the dualization equations. Using this formalism we derive a new charged black ring solution with two independent parameters of rotation.
    Keywords: ddc:530
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: A classification problem is proposed for supersymmetric %scaling\/-\/in\-va\-ri\-ant evolutionary PDE that satisfy the assumptions of nonlinearity, nondegeneracy, and homogeneity. Four classes of nonlinear coupled boson\/-\/fermion systems are discovered under the weighting assumption $|f|=|b|=|D_t|=\oh$. The syntax of the \Reduce\ package \SsTools, which was used for intermediate computations, and the applicability of its procedures to the calculus of super\/-\/PDE are described.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: We consider the problem of constructing Gardner's deformations for the $N{=}2$ supersymmetric $a{=}4$--\/Korteweg\/--\/de Vries equation; such deformations yield recurrence relations between the super\/-\/Hamiltonians of the hierarchy. We prove the non\/-\/existence %P.~Mathieu's Open problem on constructing for of supersymmetry\/-\/invariant %Gardner's deformations that %solutions, retract to Gardner's formulas for the KdV equation %whenever it is assumed that, under the %respective component reduction. % in the $N{=}2$ super\/-\/field. the solutions . At the same time, we propose a two\/-\/step scheme for the recursive production of the integrals of motion for the $N{=}2$,\ $a{=}4$--\/SKdV. First, we find a new Gardner's deformation of the Kaup\/--\/Boussinesq equation, which is contained in the bosonic limit of the super\/-\/%$N{=}2$,\ $a{=}4$--\/SKdV hierarchy. This yields the recurrence relation between the Hamiltonians of the limit, whence we determine the bosonic super\/- /Hamiltonians of the full $N{=}2$, $a{=}4$--\/SKdV hierarchy.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We provide an introduction into the mathematics of and with paths. Not on the shortest, but hopefully on an entertaining path!
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Wir stellen in dieser Arbeit ein mathematisches Optimierungsmodell zur Bestimmung eines optimalen Linienplans vor, das sowohl die Fahrzeiten und die Anzahl der Umstiege berücksichtigt als auch die Kosten des Liniennetzes. Dieses Modell deckt wichtige praktische Anforderungen ab, die in einem gemeinsamen Projekt mit den Verkehrsbetrieben in Potsdam (ViP) formuliert wurden. In diesem Projekt wurde der Linienplan 2010 für Potsdam entwickelt. Unsere Berechnungen zeigen, dass die mathematische Optimierung in nichts einer "Handplanung" des Liniennetzes nachsteht. Im Gegenteil, mit Hilfe des Optimierungsprogramms ist es möglich, durch Veränderung der Parameter mehrere verschiedene Szenarien zu berechnen, miteinander zu vergleichen und Aussagen über minimale Kosten und Fahrzeiten zu machen.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: German
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: The paper gathers evidence showing different dimensions of the game of Go: the continuous and discrete nature of the game and different types of relations between state variables happening on ultra local, local, regional, and global scales. Based on these observations a new continuous local model for describing a board position is introduced. This includes the identification of the basic variables describing a board position and the formulation and solution of a dynamical system for their computation. To be usable as a static evaluation function for a game playing program at least group-wide (regional)aspects will have to be incorporated.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: The track allocation problem, also known as train routing problem or train timetabling problem, is to find a conflict-free set of train routes of maximum value in a railway network. Although it can be modeled as a standard path packing problem, instances of sizes relevant for real-world railway applications could not be solved up to now. We propose a rapid branching column generation approach that integrates the solution of the LP relaxation of a path coupling formulation of the problem with a special rounding heuristic. The approach is based on and exploits special properties of the bundle method for the approximate solution of convex piecewise linear functions. Computational results for difficult instances of the benchmark library TTPLIB are reported.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: This paper presents a case study on a railway timetable optimization for the very dense Simplon corridor, a major railway connection in the Alps between Switzerland and Italy. Starting from a detailed microscopic network as it is used in railway simulation, the data is transformed by an automatic procedure to a less detailed macroscopic network, that is sufficient for the purpose of capacity planning and amenable to state-of-the-art integer programming optimization methods. In this way, the macroscopic railway network is saturated with trains. Finally, the corresponding timetable is re-transformed to the microscopic level in such a way that it can be operated without any conflicts among the slots. Using this integer programming based micro-macro aggregation-disaggregation approach, it becomes for the first time possible to generate a profit maximal and conflict free timetable for the complete Simplon corridor over an entire day by a simultaneous optimization of all trains requests. This also allows to to undertake a sensitivity analysis of various problem parameters.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Description: The thesis presents the analysis of a reduced model for modulation of internal gravity waves by deep convective clouds. The starting point for the derivation are conservation laws for mass, momentum and energy coupled with a bulk micro-physics model describing the evolution of mixing ratios of water vapor, cloud water and rain water. A reduced model for the identified scales of the regime is derived, using multi-scale asymptotics. The closure of the model employs conditional averaging over the horizontal scale of the convective clouds. The resulting reduced model is an extension of the anelastic equations, linearized around a constant background state, which are well-known from meteorology. The closure of the model is achieved purely by analytical means and involves no additional physically motivated assumptions. The essential new parameter arising from the coupling to a micro-physics model is the area fraction of saturated regions on the horizontal scale of the convective clouds. It turns out that this parameter is constant on the employed short timescale. Hence the clouds constitute a constant background, modulating the characteristics of propagation of internal waves. The model is then investigated by analytical as well as numerical means. Important results are, among others, that in the model moisture (i) inhibits propagation of internal waves by reducing the modulus of the group velocity, (ii) reduces the angle between the propagation direction of a wave-packet and the horizontal, (iii) causes critical layers and (iv) introduces a maximum horizontal wavelength beyond which waves are no longer propagating but become evanescent. The investigated examples of orographically generated gravity waves also feature a significant reduction of vertical momentum flux by moisture. The model is extended by assuming systematically small under-saturation, that is saturation at leading order. The closure is similar to the original case but requires additional assumptions. The saturated area fraction in the obtained model is no longer constant but now depends nonlinearly on vertical displacement and thus on vertical velocity.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2022-03-14
    Description: We propose a hybrid approach for solving the resource-constrained project scheduling problem which is an extremely hard to solve combinatorial optimization problem of practical relevance. Jobs have to be scheduled on (renewable) resources subject to precedence constraints such that the resource capacities are never exceeded and the latest completion time of all jobs is minimized. The problem has challenged researchers from different communities, such as integer programming (IP), constraint programming (CP), and satisfiability testing (SAT). Still, there are instances with 60 jobs which have not been solved for many years. The currently best known approach, lazyFD, is a hybrid between CP and SAT techniques. In this paper we propose an even stronger hybridization by integrating all the three areas, IP, CP, and SAT, into a single branch-and-bound scheme. We show that lower bounds from the linear relaxation of the IP formulation and conflict analysis are key ingredients for pruning the search tree. First computational experiments show very promising results. For five instances of the well-known PSPLIB we report an improvement of lower bounds. Our implementation is generic, thus it can be potentially applied to similar problems as well.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2023-11-03
    Description: In contrast to the well known meshbased methods like the finite element method, meshfree methods do not rely on a mesh. However besides their great applicability, meshfree methods are rather time consuming. Thus, it seems favorable to combine both methods, by using meshfree methods only in a small part of the domain, where a mesh is disadvantageous, and a meshbased method for the rest of the domain. We motivate, that this coupling between the two simulation techniques can be considered as saddle point problem and show the stability of this coupling. Thereby a novel transfer operator is introduced, which interacts in the transition zone, where both methods coexist.
    Keywords: ddc:510
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 26
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Analysis of Technical Diphenylolpropane (Bisphenol A) by High-performance Liquid ChromatographyA method for the investigation of technical 2,2-bis-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-propane (bisphenol A) by high-performance liquid chromatography is described. Microspherical silicagel in unmodified (adsorption) and C16-modified form (reversed phase) was used as support. It has been found that supports with small particle sizes (5 μm) achieve their optimum efficiency only when they possess an adequately narrow optimum particle size distribution.The investigations were carried out using a self-made apparatus. Details concerning an UV-cell being insensitive to gas bubbles as well as a differential refractometer, which can be disassembled, are presented.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 65-70 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Sterische Effekte in der STOBBE-Kondensation von 3,4-disubstituierten Acetophenonen mit Dimethyl-methylsuccinatDie Kondensation von 3,4-Dimethyl-, 3,4-Dimethoxy- und 3,4-Dichloracetophenon mit Dimethylsuccinat in Gegenwart von Kalium-t-butylat lieferte in jedem Fall ölige Gemische der stereoisomeren Halbester 1 und 2. Während die (E)-Halbester 1 zu den entsprechenden 1-Acetoxy-3-nahpthoesäureestern 5 cyclisiert werden konnten, ergaben die (Z)-Halbester 2 unter den gleichen Bedingungen die entsprechenden 3-Oxo-inden-2-(α-subst.)-essigsäuren 7.Das Isomerenverhältnis wird mit sterischen Wechselwirkungen in den γ-Lacton-Zwischenprodukten 8 erklärt.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 93-101 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Reaction of α,β-Dihalogeno-propionitriles with Monosubstituted Hydrazines  -  A Simple Synthesis of 1-Substituted 3- or 5-Amino-pyrazolesIn methanol hydrazines 3, and α,β-dihalogeno-propionitriles 1, 2 even at 0°C irreversibly yield 3 · HX, and α-halogenoacrylonitriles 4, 5 (A1). Fast addition of alkyl- and aralkyl- hydrazines 3 to 4, 5 (C) gives 1-substituted 1-(2′-halogeno-2′-cyan-ethyl)-hydrazines 6, the addition of arylhydrazines 3 to 4, 5 (D) 1-aryl-2-(2′-halogeno-2′-cyan-ethyl)-hydrazines 8. In methanol 6 spontaneously cyclise (E) to hydrogen halides 7 · HX of 1-alkyl- and 1-aralkyl-3-amino-pyrazoles, 8 with 2 moles of acids (F) to salts 10 · 2HY of 1-aryl-4-halogeno-5-imino-pyrazolidines, and the free 10 spontaneously (G) to hydrogen halides 9 · HX of 1-aryl-5-amino-pyrazoles. Mechanisms (A1), (C), (D), (E), (F), and (G) are proved by t.l.c., 1H-n.m.r., and isolation of intermediates, the structures of 7 resp. 9, using the significant 1H-n.m.r.-parameter ΔHMPTCDCl3. Simple general syntheses are described for 3-amino-pyrazoles 7 (R = H, alkyl, aralkyl) or 5-amino-pyrazoles 9 (R = aryl) starting with α,β-dihalogeno-propionitriles 1, 2, and for α-bromo-acrylonitrile 5.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 137-140 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Identification and Determination of Byproducts of the Acrylonitrile Synthesis
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 141-150 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthese von hexakoordinierten Ketiminderivaten des Germanium(IV)
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 175-176 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Verbesserte Synthese von 4,6-Diamino-2-nitro-m-xylen durch Reduktion von 2,4,6-trinitro-m-xylen
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 186-196 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quantum Chemical Investigation of the Cycloaddition of Phenol to Phenylcyanate as an Example for the Study of M.O. Correlation Diagrams of Systems without Symmetry Elements in the Transition State.There is experimental evidence, that the N-monomethylaniline-catalyzed addition of phenol to phenylcyanate proceeds via a six-membered, cyclic transition state, in which N-mono-methylaniline is involved, whose presence as a catalyst is necessary. In the present work is investigated by quantumchemical considerations, whether an analogy can be found between this reaction and a symmetry-allowed [2 + 4]cycloaddition of π-systems. Using the CNDO/2-method an energy curve has been calculated, having only a small activation barrier. The wavefunctions at some points of the reaction coordinate have been localized to bond orbitals, which are then taken into some linear combinations. These do not show any change of their nodal behaviour at points belonging to the starting resp. to the final state of the reaction. This shows, that the above mentioned analogy is valid. For the [2 + 2]cycloaddition in absence of the catalyst, on the contrary, the energy curve shows a very high activation energy, and the nodal behaviour of the combined localized orbitals is changed on passing from the starting to the final state.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 33
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 243-248 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mass Spectroscopy of Natural Compounds. I.Comparative Investigation of Anion-Cation Mass Spectra of 2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl EstersThe electron attachment mass spectra (anion mass spectra) of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl esters with different structures of the acids are discussed and compared with the corresponding electron impact spectra. In contrast to the cation mass spectra the molecular ion peak appears in all the anion mass spectra.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 34
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 267-273 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Acids HOOCCH(SX)CH(SX)COOH (X = CH2COOH, C6H5) and their Methyl EstersThe acids HOOCCH(SX)CH(SX)COOH with X = CH2COOH and C6H5 and their methyl esters have been prepared by addition of thiols to acetylene dicarboxylic acid as salt and methyl ester. The structures and configurations have been discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 35
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 308-314 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of 3 Shortened, Repeatedly by Ala Substituted Analogues of the Insulin B Chain in Protected FormStarting from the previously described fragments of the insulin B chain with native or partielly modified amino acid sequence, the 3 terminal shortened, additionally in several positions by Ala respectively in position 6 by Val substituted analogues B1-27(Ala9, Ala10, Ala27), B4-27-(Ala4, Ala9, Ala10, Ala27) (1) and B4-27(Ala4, Val6, Ala9, Ala10, Ala27) were prepared in protected form.
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  • 36
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 323-326 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Concerning the Extractive Behaviour of Long-chain Alkanesulphonates
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 37
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 341-344 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Potentiell psychopharmakologische Verbindungen. II. Synthese einiger neuer fluorhaltiger Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine
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  • 38
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 39
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 370-378 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of Triorgano-amido-arsenic-, -antimony- and -bismuthhalidesThe preparation of some triorgano-amido-metalhalides by addition of various N-haloamides to organometallic compounds of the type R3M (M = As, Sb, Bi) in polar aprotic solvents under mild conditions is described. The properties of these derivatives are studied. In solution equilibriums of triorgano-amido-antimonyhalides, the corresponding dihalides, and diamido compounds are existing, as we proved by 1H-n.m.r.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 40
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 404-406 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photochromism of the o-Nitrobenzylpyridines in Supercooled Melts2-(2′, 4′-dinitrobenzyl)-pyridines 1 a-g and 4-(2′,4′-dinitrobenzyl)-pyridine 2 form supercooled melts which are photochromic on u.v.-irradiation. The photochromism and the kinetic stability of the coloured form in supercooled melts are quite different from the behaviour in ethanolic solution. The differences are explained on the basis of a polymethin constitution of the coloured form.
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  • 41
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 429-436 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cyclization Reactions of 1-[2-amino-1-cyano-2-thio-]ethenepyridinium Ylides1-[2-Amino-1-cyano-2-thio-]ethene-pyridinium ylides 1 can be alkylated with methyliodide or α-haloesters and α-haloketones, respectively, to form 1-[2-alkyl(aryl)amino-1-cyano-2-methylthio-ethene-1]pyridinium iodides 2a--e or 1-[2-alkyl(aryl)-amino-1-cyano-2-alkoxy(aryl)-carbonylmethylthio-ethene-1] pyridinium salts 3a-f. With the exception of 3a-b the compounds 3 or 1 react with haloketones to yield 1-[4-amino-2-alkyl-(aryl)amino-5-benzoyl-thiene-3]pyridinium salts 4a-m or 3-alkyl-4-aryl-2-(1-cyano-1-pyridinium)methylene-Δ4-thiazoline salts 5a-f.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 42
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 420-428 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Deactivation Behaviour of Arenes and Heteroarenes. XVII. Fluorescence Quenching of Cations by AnionsFluorescence quenching, caused by cation-anion interaction in the excited state, was investigated for the combinations of 13 acridinium and acridizinium ions (fluorophors) and chloride, bromide and iodide (quenchers). The obtained dependence of rate constants of dynamic quenching process on the acceptor properties of cations in the case of chloride is interpreted by the model of electron transfer in the encounter state. The resulting limit-rate constants of quenching are greater than those of diffusion of neutral molecules, caused by the Coulomb-interaction between cation and anion.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 43
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 437-442 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Propellane. I. 3,6,10,13-Tetrathia(4,5,11,12-trans-dicyclohexano)-(6,6,1)propellanDurch Reaktion des 1,1,2,2-Tetrabrommethylcyclopropans mit trans-1,2-Dimercaptocyclohexan wurde die tricyclische Verbindung 1 mit Propellan-Struktur erhalten. Die Struktur dieser Verbindung wurde mit Hilfe spektroskopischer Daten und der Fragmentierung der Massenspektren ermittelt. Für die beiden achtgliedrigen Ringe wird eine “twist-crown” Konformation vorgeschlagen. Die Oxidation des (6,6,1)Propellans 1 führt zu dem entsprechenden Tetrasulfon, in dem der Cyclopropan-Ring erhalten bleibt.
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  • 44
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 449-465 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: MO-LCAO Calculations on Polymethines. XI. Local Spectral Excitations in Polynuclear Cyanine DyesVarious branched-conjugated cyanine dyes display long-wavelength absorption bands similar in position to those of their straight-chain substructures. According to the analysis of results of PPP-type calculations this close similarity results from a partial localization of the electronic transitions, whereas the participating electronic states are highly delocalized. The long-wavelength absorptions of symmetrically-branched trinuclear cyanine dyes have an entire molecular chromophore origin resulting from twofold degenerate electronic transitions. Lowering of the symmetry brings about a splitting of the colour-band.In contrast to the branched-conjugated cyanine dyes various tetranuclear cyanine dyes can be considered as being composed of two subchromophores either directly linked or joined through a conjugative bridge. In accordance with PPP configuration analyses and LHM-type calculations the splitting of the colour band is best understood by composite-molecule approaches. In this context the applicability of the simple molecular exciton theory is discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 45
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Umwandlung von 4-Hydroxy-5-nitro-4,5-dihydrothymin unter alkalischen Bedingungen
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  • 46
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 519-521 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Untersuchungen an Yliden: Reaktion von N-Phenacylpyridiniumbromiden mit aromatischen Diazoniumsalzen
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  • 47
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 541-543 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Isosteric Heat of Adsorption of n-Ethane on Zeolites NaX and NaYUsing a volumetric method isotherms of adsorption of ethane on zeolites NaX and NaY were measured. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation was used to calculate the isosteric heat of adsorption of the paraffin on both molecular-sieves. These enthalpies show a linear dependence of the amount of adsorbed molecules. The zeolite with the higher charge density shows a larger heat of adsorption. The difference in the heat of adsorption is explained by adsorption on different centers in the cavity of both zeolites.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 48
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 555-564 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Reaction of E-ß-Nitro-styrenes with 3-Pyrazolidone-azomethinimines - a Non-cisoid 1,3-Dipolar CycloadditionNormal flipping at both ring-N-atoms postulated, the thermal addition of E-β-nitro-5a or E-(4-chloro-β-nitro)-styrene 5b to 3-pyrazolidone-azomethinimine-1,3-dipoles 4a or 4b formally can yield 8 isomeric pairs of enantiomers, 4 of which are “permitted”(cisoid) and 4 of which are “forbidden” according to the concerted [π4s + π2s]-mechanism. If the addition of 5 to 4 is regiospecific, 2 “permitted”(cisoid) (1 and 6) and 2 “forbidden”(3 and 10) isomers are conceivable. From pure 5a and 4a we regiospecifically got 1ref,3trans-diphenyl-2cis-nitro-6a (75%) and 1ref,3trans-diphenyl-2trans-nitro-5-oxo-perhydropyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol 10a (25%), from 5b and 4b the corresponding bis(4-chloro-phenyl)-isomers 6b and 10b. The sodium salts 8a, b, gained from 6a, b and 10a, b, are identical. With H⊕ (D⊕) in water (D2O) 8a, b give 6a, b (2-deutero-6a, b = 7a, b). The 1H-n.m.r. spectra of 6a, b, 7a, b, 8a, b, 10a, b, and of the 2-amino-isomers 11a/12a, corresponding to 6a/10a, are discussed.For the first time products of a non-cisoid 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (10a, b) were isolated. In the discussion (E ⇌ Z)-isomerization of 5a, and conceivable mechanisms of isomerizations 6a → 10a are excluded. Theoretical consequences are suggested.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 49
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Characterization of the Radiationless Deactivation of the Lowest Excited Singlet State of N-Methylacridone by Means of the Triplet Sensitized (E) → (Z) Photoisomerization of (E)-StilbeneThe (E) → (Z) isomerization of (E)-stilbene photosensitized by N-methylacridone (A) has been studied under anaerobic conditions at 298 K in dependence on the solvent as well as the concentration of iodoethane as heavy atomquencher. For the experimental conditions the quantum yield of the triplet-triplet energy transfer 3A* → 3E* is unity and the photoreaction is homogenous.The ISC quantum yield of the sensitizer N-methylacridone was determined from the initial slopes of the plotted concentration-time functions in the solvents methanol, N-methylformamide, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, benzene and tetrachloromethane, respectively. The comparison of the ISC quantum yields ψisc and the quantum yields of fluorescence ψf indicate that ψf + ψisc = 1 is true for the used solvents; the IC process is negligible.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 50
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 643-654 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Liquid Crystal ThiazolesThe synthesis of 2,4- and 2,5-disubstituted thiazoles is described and their melting and clearing points are investigated. The influence of the thiazole ring system on the formation of crystalline-liquid phases is discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 51
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Model Calculations on the Counterion Effect in the Cationic Polymerization; Geometry Optimization and Behaviour of the Mixed Halogenoantimonates SbClnBr-n-6.The CNDO/2 method including geometry optimization with respect to the energy has been applied to calculate the structure and the electronic properties of the complex anions SbClnBr-6-n. Independently on the composition of the anions the bond lengths Sb-X (X = Cl, Br) remain those of the pure antimonates.The HOMOs are delocalized over the ligand sphere. They mainly contain components of Br and are lifted by increasing Br amount. The LUMOs have central atom character and are lowered by Br. Charge distribution and Wiberg bond indices indicate extra easy cleavage of the Sb-Br bond if Cl holds a trans position to Br. The computed data agree with spectral properties, the acceptor behaviour and the decay trend of the antimonates SbClnBr-6-n.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 52
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 699-703 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions of Open Chain and Cyclic Ketene-S,S-acetales with Amines
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  • 53
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 54
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 775-786 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Halogenolipids. III. Alkyl Glyceryl Ether AnaloguesSynthesis of the halogeno analogues of alkyl glycerol ether, 3-fluoro-1-O-hexadecyl-(octadecyl)-propane-1, 2-diol, 2-fluoro-1-O-hexadecyl(octadecyl)-propane-1, 3-diol, 2-chloro-1-O-hexadecyl-propane-1,3-diol and 3-fluoro-2-O-hexadecyl-propane-1,2-diol, which are of interest as potential cytostatic agents, is described.
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  • 55
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 804-812 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthese von N-(Formylphenyl)- und N-(Acetophenyl) Derivaten des Harnstoffs und der CarbaminsäureAminobenzaldehyde und Aminoacetophenone reagieren in Gegenwart von tertiären Aminen, z. B. Pyridin oder Triethylamin, mit Alkylchloroformiaten und Alkylisocyanaten zu den entsprechenden N-(Formylphenyl)- und N-(Acetophenyl)-Derivaten des Harnstoffs 2a-p bzw. der Carbaminsäure 1a-u. Aminobenzaldehyde und Aminoacetophenone reagieren nicht mit N,N-Dialkylcarbamoylchloriden.
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  • 56
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 859-864 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Application of Relaxation Reagents in the 13C-NMR Quantitative AnalysisIn 13C-PFT-n.m.r. spectrum, the intensities of different signals become almost equal on adding Cr(acac)3 as a relaxation reagent. An intensity ratio precisely corresponding to the number of the adjacent carbon atoms can be reached only with infinitely high concentrations of Cr(acac)3. By means of a linearized function, it is possible to give an extrapolation to this infinitely high concentration. In this way, a quantitative 13C-n.m.r. analysis can be obtained routinely. The method does not require calibration, the standard deviation amounts to about 10% (rel.).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 57
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 878-878 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 58
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 881-898 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: General Syntheses and Rational Parameters for Structural Assignment of Isomeric Derivatives of [3,4]-fused Pyrazoles4 isomeric 1- or 2-methyl-, and 1- or 2-benzyl-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridones, i.e. the 4-oxo-types 17a, b or 11a, b and the 6-oxo-types 16a, b or 10a, b, are synthesized unambiguously. Cyclisation of 1-substituted 3- or 5-(1-methyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl-vinylamino)-pyrazoles 9a, b or. 15a, b, which were synthesized from 1-substituted 3- or 5-amino-pyrazoles and ethyl acetoacetate yields 11a, b or 17a, b in downtherm, but 10a, b or 16a, b in presence of acidic catalysts. The acidic cyclisation is preceded by a new rearrangement of 9 or 15 into 1- substituted 3- 27 or 5-amino-4-(1-methyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl-vinyl)-pyrazoles 30; mechanism and concurring reactions are explained. Because of their higher electron densities at C-4 it is easier to cyclise derivatives of 5-amino-pyrazoles compared to 3-amino-pyrazoles. All isomeric 1- or 2-substituted 4(6)-chloro-6(4)-methyl-pyrazolo-[3,4-b]pyridines are formed with POCl3 from the corresponding oxo-compounds.The position of a substituent at N-1 or N-2 of [3,4]-fused pyrazoles can be assigned using the significant 1H-n.m.r.-parameter ΔHMPTCDCL3 = δCDCl3  -  - δHMPT (conc. HC - 3). If solvent influences are considered, δ(C = O) is a useful 13C-n.m.r.-parameter to distinguish the 4-oxo-types (11a, b; 17a, b) from the 6-oxo-types (10a, b; 16a, b) of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridones. Further own and lit. dates conc. structural assignment (n.m.r., i.r., u.v.) are discussed critically.
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  • 59
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 921-927 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Neue Möglichkeiten zur Verwendung von 1,1,1-Trichlor-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethan für die Darstellung von selbstlöschenden und wärmebeständigen Polyurethan- und PolyharnstoffharzenEs werden Reaktionen zur Darstellung von 1,1,1-Trichlor-2,2-bis(4-chlor-3-aminophenyl)ethan, 1,1-Dichlor-2,2-bis(4-chlor-3-isocyanatophenyl)ethylen und 1,1,1-Trichlor-2,2-bis(4-chlor-3,5-diaminophenyl)ethan aus 1,1,1-Trichlor-2,2-bis(4-chlorphenyl)ethan beschrieben. Die Polyadditionsprodukte der Diisocyanate mit Diolen und Diaminen werden durch Derivatographie charakterisiert.
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  • 60
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 953-958 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mass Spectra of Alicyclic Compounds. VI. Mass Spectrometric Fragmentation of Chloroacetic Esters of the trans-1,4-CyclohexanediolThe electron impact mass spectra of some chloroacetic esters of trans-1,4-cyclo-hexanediol and of cyclohexanol are discussed.It was found that the fragmentation process in these compounds is determined by the number of chlorine atoms in the acid and the interactions between the two functional groups.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 61
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 987-999 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chemical Synthesis of the Oligonucleotides dpG-A-T-A-T-C, dpG-A-T-C-T-T-T-T and dpT-T-T-C-A-T-C-A-TFor studies of some sequence dependent structural factors the oligonucleotides dpG-A-T-A-T-C, dpG-A-T-C-T-T-T-T and dpT-T-T-C-A-T-C-A-T were required. Their chemical synthesis is reported according to the diester method.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 62
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 1021-1028 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaction of o-Halobenzyl Cyanides with Carbon Disulfide and Phenyl IsothiocyanateStarting from o-halobenzyl cyanides 1 and carbon disulfide in the presence of sodium hydride dithiolates 3 are prepared, which are not isolated. Alkylation under cooling gives ketene S, S-acetals 4, while on heating at 100°C benzo[b]thiophenes 6 are obtained. Nitrile cyclisation yields thieno[2, 3-b]benzothiophene 7. Reaction of 1 with phenyl isothiocyanate/sodium hydride and subsequent alkylation leads to the ketene S, N-acetals 13 und to the thiazolidines 15.
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  • 63
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 1047-1052 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaktionen mit Acetondicarbonsäure-Dianiliden. I. Reaktionen an der Carbonylgruppe
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 64
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 65
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 8-12 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaktion von Grignardverbindungen mit gemischten DiimidenN-Phthalimidosukzinimid 1 und N-Phthalimidomaleinsäureimid 2 entstehen aus N-Aminophthalimid und Succzinsäure- bzw. Maleinsäureanhydrid. 1 reagiert mit Grignardverbindungen zu den 3, 3-disubstituierten Phthaliden 3 und N-Aminosucczinimid. 2 reagiert mit Grignardverbindungen ebenfalls zu den Phthaliden 3 und einem schwer zu reinigenden Verbindungsgemisch. N-Phthalimidomaleinsäureimid 2 reagiert leicht mit Diazoalkanen und Stickstoffwasserstoffsäure.
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  • 66
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 112-116 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: On the Use of Nitrosomesitylene as a Spin Trap2, 4, 6-Trimethylnitrosobenzene (nitrosomesitylene) has been tested for spin trapping of radicals. The rate constant for trapping of tert. butyl radicals by nitrosomesitylene has been estimated to be (1.2 ± 0.3) · 108 mole-1 dm3 s-1.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 67
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 107-111 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Studies on Sulphochlorination of Paraffins. IV. On the Sulphochlorination of IsobutaneIn the sulphochlorination of isobutane at -20 to -10°C a mixture of 20-25% tert.-butyl and 75-80% of isobutyl sulphochlorides is formed. The mixture has been analyzed by 1H- and by 13C-n.m.r.-spectroscopy. It is possible to transform the mixture of sulphochlorides into mixtures of the corresponding sulphonates, sulphonic acid methyl esters or sulphonic acid demithylamides. During the work-up of the sulphochlorination mixtures it is necessary to keep the temperature low, because tertiary butyl sulphochloride is desulphonated at a noticeable rate already at temperatures above 35°C.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 68
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 205-214 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Reactions of 2-[Bis-(alkylthio)-methyliden]-indan-1,3-dionesThe 2-[bis-(alkylthio)-methyliden]-indan-1,3-diones 3 and especially the methyl-compound 3a react with nucleophiles by substitution of the CH3—S—group. The reaction with amines are yields the S,N— or N,N-acetales 7 and 8, respectively. Diamines, amino hydroxy- or amino-mercapto compounds as dinucleophiles give the cyclic compounds 9 or the condensed heterocycles 12 and 16, where the carbonyl group has been integrated in the cyclisation. Also carbanions react with 3a under substitution. The structures of the final products are determined with ir-, 1H-n.m.r.- and ms-spectra.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 69
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 231-242 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Control of Synthesis and Characterization of Higher-Molecular Peptides by Means of 13C n.m.r. SpectroscopyThe 13C n.m.r. spectra of the C-terminal bovine insulin decapeptide derivative Boc-Glu(OBzl)-Arg(H+)-Gly-Phe-Phe-Tyr(Bzl)-Thr(Bzl)-Pro-Lys(Z)-Ala-OBzl as well as the amino acid and peptide intermediates used in its synthesis, have been measured and assigned as extensively as possible. The use of 13C n.m.r. spectroscopy as a method for controlling the synthesis and for the characterization of higher-molecular peptides is discussed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 70
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photocatalytic Systems. XVI. Photo-oxidation of Octacyano Molybdate (IV) by Excitation in the Long-Wave Range
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  • 71
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 197-204 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Phase Transitions of Liquid Crystalline Modifications by Photochemical IsomerisationOn irradiating of liquid crystalline phases of aromatic azo- and azoxy-compounds, stilbenes or of derivatives of cinnamic acid by light of appropriate wave lengths the liquid crystalline phase will be converted into the isotropic liquid. In case of the azo- and azoxy-compounds studied this process is reversible, in case of the stilbene and cinnamic acid derivatives partially irreversible. The experimental results indicate that the photoinduced phase transition is caused by a trans-cis-isomerisation. For azo-compounds with more liquid crystalline phases also photoinduced transitions are possible between different liquid crystalline phases.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 72
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 226-230 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaction of 1-(2-Benzoxazolon-3-yl)-2-propanones with Hydrazinhydrate. The reaction of 1-(2-benzoxazolon-3-yl)-2-propanones 1a-g with hydrazinhydrate is studied. It is shown that according to the reactional conditions are obtained hydrazones 2a-b, azines 4a-b and 6-Methyl-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazine-3-ones 6a-g. The structure of the products is discussed on the base of i.r. and n.m.r.-spectras.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 73
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 127-130 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Darstellung und Reaktionen einiger 5-Chlorpyrazole
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  • 74
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 161-163 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Preparation of Aliphatic Diisocyanates without Using of PhosgeneDas Hauptausgangsmaterial für die Synthese des modernen Typs von Polyurethanlacken, die gegen das Licht widerstandsfähig sind, bilden die aliphatischen Diisocyanate [1-4]. Diese Verbindungen werden im größeren Maßstab durch Phosgenierung entsprechender Diamine gewonnen. Die Methode ist aber für Mensch und Umgebung gefährlich [5].
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  • 75
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 349-349 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 76
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: α-Substituted Phosphonates. XXXIV. Esterification and N-Formylation of α-Aminomethane-bisphosphonic Acids with TriethylorthoformateIn contrast to simple mono- and bisphosphonic acids esterification of dialkylaminomethanebisphosphonic acids with orthoformate (OAE) proceeds very slowly. Monoalkyl and monoarylaminomethanebisphosphonic acids, respectively react with OAE in constrast to analogous hydroxy compounds more readily primarily by formylating the N-atom and then esterification to formyl aminomethane bisphosphonictetraesters 10. Acetaminomethanephosphonic acid (12) reacts without N-formylation, while the aminomethanebisphosphonic acid (14) reacted to give a mixture of mono- and bis-formylated products 15 and 16. By acidic hydrolysis of 10 the ester- and formylgroups are splitt off, while the ester group can selectively be removed by reaction with Me3SiBr/H2O. - As shown by 1H-, 13C- and 31P-n.m.r. spectroscopy the phosphorylated formamides 10 exists in two rotameres, the ratio depending on the solvent. The n.m.r. signals could be correlated to E-resp. Z-form undoubtedly by using shift-agents or the benzene-diluting technique. A rotational barrier of 22,8 kcal for 10c could be calculated.
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  • 77
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 379-386 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cyanic Acid Esters. 27. Triazino-benzimidazoles from 2-Amino-benzimidazole-1-imid-esters and Carbonyl Analogic CompoundsThe Cyclocondensation of 2-amino-benzimidazole-1-imid-esters with aldehydes, carbonic acid anhydrides and isocyanates has been investigated. With aldehydes in the presence of piperidine 4-aryloxy-1,2-dihydro-1,3,5-triazino[1,2-a]benzimidazoles 3 and with carbonic acid anhydrides 4-aryloxy-1,3,5-triazino[1,2-a]benzimidazoles 5 are formed. Isocyanates react with the imid esters to the corresponding 3-substituted ureas 8 which on heating undergo acyl migration of the carbamoyl group followed by cyclocondensation to 4-imino-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,3,5-triazino[1,2-a]benzimidazoles 12.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 78
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 79
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 415-419 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Short-Time Spectroscopic Investigations of Photochromic N-Substituted DinitrobenzylpyridinesBy means of nanosecond laser absorption spectroscopy of N-substituted photochromic dinitrobenzylpyridines is shown that in polar solvents the long wave absorbing polymethin coloured form forms independently on the electronic properties of the substituents at the pyridine nitrogen. The polymethin is formed either directly or via the nitronic acid immediately after irradiation by the laser impulse (20 ns). In nonpolar solvents, on the other hand, the polymethin is only produced if the substituent (e.g. in N-oxide 6) is able to bind the hydrogen splitted from the methylen group by photoreaction. If this is impossible (e.g. N-Methyl-compound 5) only absorption of nitronic acid occur.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 80
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 443-448 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cathodic Reduction of Ketene S,S-acetalsKetene S,S-acetals are reduced in protic media by the cleavage of one S-alkyl group. The resulting carbanion either may be protonated or reacts with the starting material to yield dimers. The effects of different substituents on the half-wave potentials and the rate constants of amination have been investigated.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 81
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photocatalytic Systems. XXI. On the Mechanism of the Photoreduction of Potassium Chromate in AlcoholsThe photolysis of crown ether complexes of potassium chromate in several alcohols has been investigated by e.s.r.-spectroscopy. Two different relatively long-lived Cr(V) intermediates formed by different reaction pathways have been observed. Radicalic oxidation products of the alcohols (alkoxy and hydroxyalkyl radicals as well as fragmentation products) and of the crown ether have been detected by spin trapping.
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 671-674 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Vilsmeier-Reaction on Dimedone.The Vilsmeier-reaction has been studied in detail for a special cyclic β-diketone, dimedone. It was shown, that the first step in this reaction is the formation of the corresponding β-chlorovinylketone. 3-Chloro-5,5-dimethyl-cyclohex-2-en-one-(1) 2, 2,4-dichloro-6,6-dimethyl-1-formyl-cyclohexa-1,3-diene 3 und 2,4-dichloro-1,5-diformyl-6,6-dimethyl-cyclohexa-1,4-diene 4 were isolated in equal parts. The symmetrical enolether 6 was identified as condensation-product of the diformylated compound 5.
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 683-690 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Koordinationsverbindungen des vierwertigen Siliziums mit stickstoff-, schwefel- und sauerstoffhaltigen Schiffschen Basen
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  • 84
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 704-704 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 85
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 741-746 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Stobbe-Kondensation von aromatischen Aldehyden mit DiethyldiglycollatPiperonal, p-Tolylaldehyd und p-Chlorbenzaldehyd kondensieren mit Diethyldiglycollat in Gegenwart von Natriumhydrid zu den entsprechenden Z-Halbestern 1 und den Diarylidendicarbonsäuren 2 und 3. Strukturen und Konfigurationen der Produkte wurden durch chemische und spektroskopische Methoden untersucht.
    Notes: Piperonal, p-tolualdehyde, and p-chlorobenzaldehyde condense with diethyl diglycollate in the presence of sodium hydride to give predominantly the corresponding (Z)-half-esters 1. together with smaller yields of the diarylidene diacids 2 and 3. The structure and configuration of the products was established by chemical and spectroscopic evidence.
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 721-740 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of Substance P and of Acylated Partial SequencesSubstance P undecapeptide has been synthesized by the stepwise procedure and via condensation of the fragments 1-4 and 5-11. Formation of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid- and S-tert. butyl peptides was observed. Gln(Mbh)-containing sequences have been synthesized but were not useful for fragment condensation due to there low solubility. Additionally, some derivatives have been prepared by acylation of the C-terminal pentapeptide. Reaction with trifluoracetic acid anhydride resulted in the formation of substituted 5-amino-oxazole derivatives as detected by mass spectrometric investigation.
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 769-774 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Halogenolipids. II. Problems of Synthesis and Mass Spectrometric Characterization of 2-O-acyl-3-halogeno-propane-1,2-diols3-Fluoro- and 3-chloro-2-O-palmitoyl-propane-1, 2-diol 2a, b were prepared by acylation of 3-fluoro- and 3-chloro-1-O-trityl-propane-1, 2-diol with palmitoyl chloride in pyridine and subsequent detritylation of the resulting 3-fluoro- and 3-chloro-2-O-palmitoyl-3-O-trityl-propane-1, 2-diol.3-chloro-1, 2-di-O-palmitoyl-propane-1, 2-diol was deacylated enzymatically using pancreas lipase to give 3-chloro-2-O-acylpropan-1, 2-diol 2b.2a and b both were unstable compounds which slightly isomerize  -  so under conditions of mass spectrometry  -  to give mixtures of 1- and 2-O-acyl-derivatives.
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 827-834 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of 2-Heterocyclidenamino-1, 3-diaza-trimethincyaninesThe synthesis of 2-[3-methyl-benzthiazol-(1, 3)-inylidene-(2)-amino]- and of substituted 2-[1, 3-dithiolyliden-(2)-amino]-1, 3-diaza-trimethincyanines is described. The heterocyclic imines 1 react with phosgene or thiophosgene to the corresponding ureas 2 and thiureas 3, respectively. Alkylation of 3 to the 2-alkylmercapto-1, 3-diaza-trimethincyanines 4 and subsequent condensation with imine 1 yields the dyes 5. The chemical and spectroscopical data of cyanines 5 are described.
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 870-875 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthese von Heterocyelischen Spiroverbindungen
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 876-877 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A Simple Procedure to Prepare tert.-Butyllithium in High, Reproducible Yields
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  • 91
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Komplexe der o-(N-α-Pyrrolylimino)benzolsulfonsäure und 2-(N-α-Pyrrolylimino)ethansulfonsäure mit Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Pd(II), Cd(II), UO22+ und VO2+
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 712-720 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Heterocycles from Acrylonitrile. I. Reactions of 2-Cyano-aziridin with Ketones2-Cyano-aziridine 2 is stable towards water at room temperature, but yields aziridine-2-carbonamide 6 on addition of cyclohexanone. Hemiaminal 8 is shown by 13C-spectroscopy to be an intermediate in this reaction.In the absence of water the aminal-like compounds 10 and 11 are formed from 2-cyano-aziridin 2 and ketones.Above 100° 2 as well as 6 form the imidazolinone 12 on action of cyclohexanone by opening of the aziridine ring and formation of a methyl group.
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 131-133 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Substituenteneinflüsse auf Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten. VI. Kinetik der Kondensation substituierter Benzaldehyde mit Acetophenon und 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-propiophenon
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 327-330 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Solvent Dependence of the Barriers to Rotation about the C=C-Double Bond in Substituted Acrylates
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 345-348 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Kinetik der Epoxidierung von Allylbromid durch Wasserstoffperoxid in Gegenwart von Molybdänsäure
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 96
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 98
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quantum Chemical Study on Colour and Stereodynamics of Acyclic Azines. II. Influence of Twisted S0 Molecular Geometries on the Spectral Behaviour and the Photochromic Effect of Benz- and AnthraldazineOn the basis of quantum chemical calculations the influence of twisted molecular geometries on the spectral behaviour of (1E,3E)- and (1E,3Z)-isomers of benz- and anthraldazine has been investigated. It is possible to point out structural peculiarities in the S0 state and to explain the photochromic effect of the arylsubstituted acyclic azines.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 475-487 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tetrathiafulvalenes. VIII. Ethylene-bridged Polymer TetrathiafulvalenesSyntheses and properties of ethylene-bridged polymer tetrathiafulvalenes are described. These polymers react with bromine, iodine or tetracyanoquinodimethane to form the radical cation salts, whose electrical conductivity are estimated by means of powder compactions. The polymer radical cation salts have a higher conductivity than the polymer TTF (σRT max. 10-5 Ω-1cm-1). The differences in the conductivity between polymer TTF-cationhalides and polymer TTF-TCNQ-salts are small.
    Additional Material: 11 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 516-518 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 5-Oxo-2-pyrroline aus Δβ,γ-Butenoliden
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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