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  • 1975-1979  (992)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1905-1909
  • 1890-1899
  • Molecular Cell Biology  (515)
  • Physical Chemistry  (477)
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyoma T (tumor) antigen species in abortively and stably transformed cells (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 12 (1979), S. 127-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: polyoma virus ; middle ; and small tumor antigens ; ts-a ; hr-t ; abortive transformation ; transformed cells ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Stable neoplastic transformation of cells by polyoma virus requires the participation of two viral genes, designated ts-a and hr-t. The effects of mutations in these two genes on the patterns of T-antigen synthesis during productive infection have been previously described: ts- a mutants are affected in the “large” (100K) nuclear T antigen, and hr-t mutants are affected in the “middle” (36K, 56K, 63K) and “small” (22K) T agtigens. The latter are associated predominantly with the plasma membrane (56K) and cytosol fractions, rrespectively.Here we examine the expression of the various forms of polyoma T antigen in nonproductive infection (abortive transformation) as well as in stably transformed cell lines of different species. The results on abortive transformation are essentially the same as those described above for productive infection. In stably transformed cells, the middle and small T antigens are seen to various extents. The large T antigen, however, is often absent or present below the level of detection. Clones lacking the large T antigen are found most often among mouse transformants, but are also seen among rat transformants. Retention of the 100K species in transformed cells therefore appears to be, at least in part, an inverse function of the level of permissivity of the host toward productive viral infection. These findings indicate that the induction of the transformed phenotype in both abortively and stably transformed cells generally does not require the large T antigen, but rather the products of the hr-t gene.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400120110
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    7-Acetylcytochalasin B: Differential effects on sugar transport and cell motility (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 12 (1979), S. 185-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: cytochalasin B derivative ; cell motility ; sugar transport ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Cytochalasin B (CB) is a potent inhibitor of sugar transport and cell motility in animal cells. We have synthesized and characterized the CB derivative 7-acetylcytochalasin B (CBAc) and have found that it has differential effects on transport and motile processes in fibroblasts. The derivative inhibited sugar transport in human red cells, 3T3 cells, and chicken embryo fibroblasts at micromolar concentrations, although it was less potent than its parent compound. Unlike CB, which causes fibroblasts to round up and arborize at less than 10 μM, CBAc had no effect on fibroblast morphology and membrane ruffling at concentrations as high as 90 μM. Competitive binding experiments using [3H] CB showed that the affinity of CBAc for sites related to sugar transport in the red cell membrane is about one-fourth of that of CB. In contrast, similar experiments using [3H] dihydrocytochalasin B (a derivative which inhibits cell motility but not sugar transport) showed that the affinity of CBAc for sites associated with red cell spectrin and actin is only about 1/20 of that dihydrocytochalasin B. This study demonstrates that acetylation of the C-7 hydroxyl group of CB reduces its effect on cell morphology and motility much more than its ability to inhibit sugar transport. This observation, together with our earlier work with dihydrocytochalasin B, establishes that the pharmacologic effects of CB on fibroblasts result from the binding of the drug to two distinct classes of receptors and that these receptors interact with different parts of the cytochalasin molecule.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400120205
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NMR of fd coat protein (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 11 (1979), S. 139-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: fd coat protein ; 1H NMR ; 13C NMR ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The conformations of the major coat protein of a filamentous bacteriophage can be described by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the protein and the virus. The NMR experiments involve detection of the 13C and 1H nuclei of the coat protein. Both the 13C and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra show that regions of the polypeptide chain have substantially more motion than a typical globular protein. The fd coat protein was purified by gel chromatography of the SDS solubilized virus. Natural abundance 13C NMR spectra at 38 MHz resolve all of the nonprotonated aromatic carbons from the three phenylalanines, two tyrosines, and one tryptophan of the coat protein. The α carbons of the coat protein show at least two different classes of relaxation behavior, indicative of substantial variation in the motion of the backbone carbons in contrast to the rigidity of the α carbons of globular proteins. The 1H spectrum at 360 MHz shows all of the aromatic carbons and many of the amide protons. Titration of a 1H spectra gives the pKas for the tyrosines.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400110204
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of epithelial cells cultured from human carcinomas and nonmalignant tissues (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 11 (1979), S. 147-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: carcinoma and nonmalignant cells ; fibronectin ; human epithelial cells ; plasminogen activator ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Human epithelial cell cultures were examined for expression of plasminogen activator and fibronectin matrix. All of the cells examined showed ultrastructural evidence suggesting their epithelial origin, including microvilli and specialized junctions. The nonmalignant cells were also negative for endothelial cell markers (ie, they lacked factor VIII antigen, a nonthrombogenic surface and Weibel-Palade bodies). The nonmalignant lines all produced large amounts of plasminogen activator, whereas the tumor-derived lines showed a gradation of activities, ranging from lines having as much activity as the nonmalignant lines to lines having little or no activity above background. For both normal and malignant cells, addition of dexamethesone only slightly decreased the levels of plasminogen activator. By immunofluorescence microscopy, normal bladder and fetal intestine epithelial cells showed fibronectin in a globular and fibrillar matrix. In contrast, normal mammary epithelial cells had a much diminished amount of fibronectin with a punctate distribution.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400110205
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitotic factors from mammalian cells: A preliminary characterization (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 11 (1979), S. 189-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The objective of this study was the preliminary characterization of the factors from mitotic HeLa cells that can induce meiotic maturation in Xenopus laevis oocytes. We found that this factor is a heat-labile, Ca2+-sensitive, nondialyzable protein with a sedimentation value of 4-5S. Furthermore, no new protein synthesis was found to be required for this mitotic factor to induce maturation in the amphibian oocytes. These data suggest that the factors involved in the breakdown of nuclear membrane and the condensation of chromosomes that are associated with three different phenomena, mitosis, meiosis, and premature chromosome condensation, are very similar in different animal species.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400110208
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pyrimidine biosynthesis in normal and transformed cells (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 11 (1979), S. 197-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: pyrimidine biosynthesis ; V79 ; IARC19 ; IARC20 ; IARC28 ; biomarker ; pleiotropy ; confluence ; rat liver epithelial cells ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We have developed procedures for sensitive measurement of specific radioactivities of pyrimidine nucleosides excreted from cells in culture. The changes in the observed values reflect dilution of the added isotope through de novo biosynthesis of nonradioactive pyrimidine nucleosides or by shifting and equilibration of other nucleotide pools into the free uridine pool. It is thus possible to monitor uridine biosynthesis occurring in intact cells without destroying or disrupting the cell population. On comparing a series of normal and transformed lines, we have observed several growth-dependent patterns of change in specific activity and levels of uridine excretion and the temporal appearance of these changes.Hamster embyro fibroblasts slows pyrimidine biosynthesis at mid-growth while the hamster cell line V79 continues to dilute the pyrimidine pool at about 7% of the rate observed during exponential growth at confluence. Both cells exhibit Urd excretion beginning at one-half maximal growth.Passageable normal rat liver cells (IARC-20) also show a cessation of pyrimidine biosynthesis with a prior increase in uridine excretion. Two chemically transformed lines IARC-28 and IARC-19 derived from IARC-20 show different patterns. IARC-19 begins uridine excretion in early log growth and the specific activity continues to decrease at about 2% of the rate observed during exponential growth at confluence. The IARC-28 cells also begin excretion in early log growth but pyrimidine biosynthesis stops at about midlog. This method may prove to be an additional aid in recognizing and differentiating transformed cells in culture that do not exhibit the transformed phenotype.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400110209
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of a variant of B16-mouse melanoma resistant to MSH growth inhibition (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 11 (1979), S. 251-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: tumorigenicity ; cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase ; tyrosinase MSH-growth-resistant variant ; mouse melanoma ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: A variant of B-16 F1 mouse melanoma was selected for its ability to survive and replicate in the presence of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH). Although the variant (MR-4) was completely resistant to growth inhibition by MSH, cyclic AMP was still able to block cell replication. Tyrosinase activity in MR-4 cells was considerably lower than in B-16 F1 cells. MSH induced a twofold to three-fold increase in tyrosinase activity in both cell types, but the absolute activity in MR-4 remained significantly less than in the parental cells. MR-4 cells were also found to have a markedly depressed cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity relative to B-16 F1 cells. The protein kinase from both cell types was stimulated by cyclic AMP, but the level of MR-4 kinase activity at maximal cyclic AMP concentrations remained considerably lower than B-16 F1 kinase activity under the same conditions. In both cell types adenylate cyclase activity was markedly stimulated by MSH. When equal numbers of viable F1 and MR-4 cells were injected subcutaneously into C57/B1 mice, the MR-4 cells formed tumors earlier and killed the host sooner than the parental F1 cells. We conclude that the biochemical alteration which allows MR-4 cells to replicate in the presence of MSH is a low level of tyrosinase activity, which in turn may be the result of low cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400110214
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 11 (1979) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400110301
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  • 109
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    Erratum (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 11 (1979), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400110302
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
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    Fibronectin associated with the glial component of embryonic brain cell cultures (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 11 (1979), S. 269-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: fibronectin ; cell fractionation ; glial fibrillary acidic protein ; immunofluorescent labeling ; neuronal-glial cell interactions ; brain cell culture ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: In a basic approach to investigations of neuronal-glial interactions during both normal brain development and its pathogenesis, embryonic brain cell populations were fractionated into purified neuronal and glial components. Using separation procedures based on differential adhesion and cytotoxicity, the isolated neuronal and glial phenotypes could be identified by distinct morphological and biochemical characteristics, including the visualization of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFA) within glial cells in immunohistochemical assays with monospecific anti-GFA serum.When unfractionated cerebrum cells dissociated from 10-day chick or 14-day mouse embryos were plated as monolayers and cultured for 1-14 days, monospecific antiserum against fibronectin (LETS glycoprotein) was found to react with many, but not all, of the cells as revealed by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. The isolated neuronal and glial components of these populations were used to determine whether the appearance of membrane-associated fibronectin was characteristic of one cell type or the other, or both, and if neuronal-glial cell interaction was required for its expression. It was found that the surfaces of glial cells, completely isolated from neurons, showed an intense fluorescent reaction to the anti-fibronectin serum. In contrast, the purified neuronal cultures showed no fluorescence with either the anti-GFA or anti-fibronectin sera. These results demonstrate fibronectin as a cell surface protein associated primarily with glial cells and independent of neuronal-glial cell interaction for its expression. Furthermore, the results indicate that the fibronectin observed on glial cell surfaces in these cultures is produced endogenously and is not due to the preferential binding of fibronectin present in the culture medium. The role of fibronectin as an adhesive molecule in neuronal-glial interactions is discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400110216
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  • 111
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    Erratum (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 11 (1979), S. 319-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400110306
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
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    Specific interaction of cytochalasins with muscle and platelet actin filaments in vitro (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 11 (1979), S. 283-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: cytochalasins ; muscle and platelet actin ; microfilaments ; cell motility ; viscosity changes ; electron microscopy ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The cytochalasins (CE, CD, CB and H2CB) inhibit numerous cellular processes which require the interaction of actin with other structural and contractile proteins. In this report we describe the effects of the cytochalasins on the viscosity and morphology of muscle and platelet actin. The cytochalasins decreased the viscosity of F-actin solutions. The effect of H2CB, CB and CD on F-actin viscosity was maximal at concentrations of 20-50μM and did not increase with time. In contrast, CE caused a progressive decrease in the viscosity of F-actin solutions which was dependent upon the concentration of CE and the duration of incubation of the CE-actin mixture. After two hours of incubation of drug-actin mixtures, the relative effectiveness of the cytochalasins in reducing the viscosity of F-actin was CE 〉 CD 〉 CB = H2CB. The effects of CD and CE were paralleled by morphologic changes in negatively stained actin filaments. The effects of the cytochalasins on the viscosity and morphology of muscle and platelet actin were the same whether the drugs were added before or after the polymerization of the protein.These studies show that the interaction of the cytochalasins with actin is highly specific. Because the relative potencies of these drugs for affecting motile processes and the relative affinities of the drugs for binding sites within a variety of cells are CE 〉 CD 〉 CB = H2CB, the effects of cytochalasins on actin described here may contribute to some of the biological effects of the drugs on motile processes.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400110303
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fibronectin and proteoglycans as determinants of cell-substratum adhesion (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 11 (1979), S. 401-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: fibronectin ; glycosaminoglycans ; proteoglycans ; adhesion ; substrate-attached material cytoskeleton ; immunofluorescence ; heparan sulfate ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: When normal or SV40-transformed Balb/c 3T3 cells are treated with the Ca++-specific chelator EGTA, they round up and pull away from their footpad adhesion sites to the serum-coated tissue culture substrate, as shown by scanning electron microscope studies. Elastic membranous retraction fibers break upon culture agitation, leaving adhesion sites as substrate-attached material (SAM) (Cells leave “footprints” of substrate adhesion sites during movement by a very similar process.) SAM contains 1-2% of the cell's total protein and phospholipid content and 5-10% of its glucosamine-radiolabeled polysaccharide, most of which is glycosaminoglycan (GAG). By one- and two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, there is considerable enrichment in SAM for specific GAGs; for the glycoprotein fibronectin; and for the cytoskeletal proteins actin, myosin, and the subunit protein of the 10 nm-diameter filaments. Fibrillar fibronectin of cellular origin and substratum bound fibronectin of serum origin (cold-insoluble globulin, CIg) have been visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy. The GAG composition in SAM has been examined under different cellular growth and attachment conditions. Heparan sulfate content correlates with glycopeptide content (derived from glycoprotein). Newly attaching cells deposit SAM with principally heparan sulfate and fibronectin and little of the other GAGs. Hyaluronate and chrondroitin proteoglycans are coordinately deposited in SAM as cells begin spreading and movement over the substrate. Cells attaching to serum-coated or CIg coated substrates deposited SAM with identical compositions. The proteoglycan nature of the GAGs in SAM has been examined as well as the ability of proteoglycans to form two classes of reversibly dissociable “supramolecular complexes” - one class with heparan sulfate and glycopeptide-containing material and the second with hyaluronate-chondroitin complexes. Enzymatic digestion of “intact” SAM with trypsin or testicular hyaluronidase indicates that (1) only a small portion of long-term radiolabeled fibronectin and cytoskeletal protein is bound to the substrate via hyaluronate or chondroitin classes of GAG; (2) most of the fibronectin, cytoskeletal protein and heparan sulfate coordinately resist solubilization; and (3) newly synthesized fibronectin, which is metabolically labile in SAM, is linked to SAM by hyaluronate- and/or chondroitin-dependent binding. All of our studies indicate that heparan sulfate is a direct mediator of adhesion of cells to the substrate, possibly by binding to both cell-surface fibronectin and substrate-bound CIg in the serum coating; hyaluronate-chondroitin complexes in SAM appear to be most important in motility of cells by binding and labilizing fibronectin at the periphery of footpad adhesions, with subsequent cytoskeletal disorganization.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400110314
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  • 114
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    Electronic Resource
    Alkaline phosphatase of basal lateral and brush border plasma membranes from intestinal epithelium (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 11 (1979), S. 451-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: alkaline phosphatase ; basal lateral membranes ; brush border membranes ; intestinal epithelium ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The alkaline phosphatases present on isolated brush border and basal lateral membranes of rat duodenal epitheilum were examined by means of a variety of biochemical assays and physical methods. The two alkaline phosphatases have similar pH optima of 9.6-9.8, similar substrate km's for p-nitrophenyl phosphate (PNPP) of 71 micromolar, similar responses to the inhibitors 2-mercaptoethanol, theophylline, phenylalanine, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), similar sensitivities to calcium, magnesium, zinc, sodium, and potassium, and similar insensitivities to digestion with trypsin or papain. The two enzymes also exhibit similar molecular weights on SDS-polyacrylamide gels in the range 124,000-150,000, and both enzymes show an Rf value of 0.092 on Triton X-100 polyacrylamide gels, indicating similar intrinsic charges. The Vmax of the brush border enzyme is ten times greater than that of the basal lateral enzyme, 140 μmoles/mg-h as opposed to 14 μmoles/mg-h. The differences in Vmax are a reflection of the known distribution of alkaline phosphatase in rat duodenum, there being more alkaline phosphatase activity present on the brush border than on the basal lateral surface. One other major difference was observed between the two enzymes, the stimulation of the basal lateral and not the brush border alkaline phosphatase by SDS, Triton X-100, or cholate. We conclude that the enzymes are very similar to one another and probably perform similar membrane functions.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400110404
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  • 115
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    Selection of malignant melanoma variant cell lines for ovary colonization (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 11 (1979), S. 517-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: cell variants ; electron microscopy ; malignant melanoma ; melanin ; metastasis ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Murine melanoma line B16-F1, which shows some specificity for metastatic organ colonization of lung but rarely metastasizes to ovary, was used to select variant cell lines with increased preference for experimental ovary metastasis. Ovary-colonizing melanoma cell lines were sequentially selected in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice by repeated intravenous administration and surgical recovery of ovarian melanoma tumors for tissue culture. After ten selections for experimental ovary metastasis, line B16-010 was established which formed experimental metastatic ovary tumors in almost every test animal. In tissue culture B16-010 cells grew in circular in circular colonies with rounded, smooth cell peripheries compared to B16-F1 cells which were flatter, grew in irregular patterns, and exhibited long cellular projections. Ovary-selected B16 lines contained less melainin pigment (B16-010 〈 B16-05 〈 B16-01 ≅ B16-F1) compared to the parental melanoma line. Together with previous cloning and selection data, these results are consistent with the preexistence of highly malignant cells in the parental tumor population that possess the ability to metastasize to specific organs.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400110410
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  • 116
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    Solubilization and conversion of hepatic adenylate cyclase to a form requiring MnATP as substrate (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 10 (1979), S. 31-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: adenylate cyclase ; liver ; solubilized ; MnATP ; MgATP ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: A general feature of membrane-bound adenylate cyclase systems is the “lability” of the basal enzyme to dispersion by detergents. A stable form of the detergentsolubilized enzyme is obtained only if the membrane-bound enzyme is first pretreated with fluoride or Gpp(NH)p. However, we have found with the basal hepatic enzyme that the lability is evident primarily when MgATP is used as substrate; substitution of MnATP for MgATP reveals that substantial basal activity survives detergent treatment. This effect is independent of the detergent; it is seen with either Lubrol PX or with deoxycholate. In addition to the altered substrate requirement, the membrane-bound and solubilized forms of the basal enzyme exhibit other differences. In contrast to the membrane-bound form, the solubilized enzyme shows (1) weak stimulation by Gpp(NH)p; (2) little inhibition by adenosine, (3) strong inhibition by Pi or PPi, and (4) and apparent loss of the Me2+-reactive regulatory site. Such dissimilarities between membranebound and solubilized cyclase are not seen if the membranes are pretreated with Gpp(NH)p prior to exposure to detergents. The characteristics of the solubilized basal hepatic enzyme are similar to those of the naturally occurring soluble adenylate cyclase found in mature rat testes. It would appear that separation of adenylate cyclase from components that confer regulation by divalent cation and guanine nucleotides produces a form of the enzyme that will turnover only MnATP; this may represent the free catalytic moiety. Such preparations could be useful in reconstructing some of the regulatory functions of adenylate cyclase seen in its membrane-bound form.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400100104
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  • 117
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    Tight junction development between cultured hepatoma cells: Possible stages in assembly and enhancement with dexamethasone (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 10 (1979), S. 13-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: hepatoma ; cell culture ; tight junctions ; gap junctions ; freeze-fracture ; dexamethasone ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Freeze-fracture and thin-section methods were used to study tight junction formation between confluent H4-II-E hepatoma cells that were plated in monolayer culture in media with and without dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid. Three presumptive stages in the genesis of tight junctions were suggested by these studies: (1) “formation zones” (smooth P-fracture face ridges deficient in intramembranous particles), apparently matched across a partially reduced extracellular space, develop between adjacent cells; (2) linear strands and aggregates of 9-11 nm particles collect along the ridges of the formation zones. The extracellular space was always reduced when these structures were found matched with pits in gentle E-face depressions; (3) the linear arrays of particles on the ridges associate within the membranes to form the fibrils characteristic of mature tight junctions. The formation zones resemble tight junctions in terms of size, complexity and the patterns of membrane ridges. Although some of the beaded particle specialization may actually be gap junctions, it is unlikely that all can be interpreted in this way. No other membrane structures were detected that could represent developmental stages of tight junctions. Dexamethasone (at 2 × 10-6 M) apparently stimulated formation of tight junctions. Treated cultures had a greater number of formation zones and mature tight junctions, although no differences in qualitative features of the junctions were noted.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400100103
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    Differences in the redistribution of concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin binding sites on mouse neuroblastoma cells (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 10 (1979), S. 61-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: lectins ; binding sites ; neuroblastoma cells ; receptor redistribution ; cell surface labeling ; cytochalasin B ; concanavalin A ; wheat germ agglutinin ; fluorescent microscopy ; scanning electron microscopy ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Concanavalin A (Con A), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA) bound with either 125I, fluorescent dyes, or fluorescent polymeric microspheres were used to quantitate and visualize the distribution of lectin binding sites on mouse neuroblastoma cells. As viewed by fluorescent light and scanning electron microscopy, over 107 binding sites for Con A, WGA, and RCA appeared to be distributed randomly over the surface of differentiated and undifferentiated cells. An energy-dependent redistribution of labeled sites into a central spot occurred when the cells were labeled with a saturating dose of fluorescent lectin and maintained at 37°C for 60 min. Reversible labeling using appropriate saccharide inhibitors indicated that the labeled sites had undergone endocytosis by the cell. A difference in the mode of redistribution of WGA or RCA and Con A binding sites was observed in double labeling experiments. When less than 10% of the WGA or RCA lectin binding sites were labeled, only these labeled sites appeared to be removed from the cell surface. In contrast, when less than 10% of the Con A sites were labeled, both labeled and unlabeled Con A binding sites were removed from the cell surface. Cytochalasin B uncoupled the coordinate redistribution of labeled and unlabeled Con A sites, suggesting the involvement of microfilaments. Finally, double labeling experiments employing fluorescein-tagged Con A and rhodamine-tagged WGA indicate that most Con A and WGA binding sites reside on different membrane components and redistribute independenty of each other.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400100107
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  • 119
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    Activation of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and stimulation of protein phosphorylation in response to adenosine in C-1300 murine neuroblastoma (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 10 (1979), S. 125-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: protein phosphorylation ; cAMP-dependent protein kinases ; adenosine on cyclic AMP ; C1300 neuroblastoma ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: DEAE-cellulose chromatography of the 20,000g supernatant fraction of homogenates of C-1300 murine neuroblastoma (clone N2a) yields one major and two minor peaks of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity. Assessment of the endogenous activation state of the enzyme(s) reveals that the enzyme is fully activated by the treatment of whole cells with adenosine (10 μM) in the presence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor Ro 20 1724 (0.7 mM). This treatment produces a large elevation in the cyclic AMP content of the cells. The treatment of whole cells with adenosine alone (1-100 μM) or Ro 20 1724 alone (0.1-0.7 mM) produces minimal elevations in cyclic AMP but nevertheless causes significant activations of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. The autophosphorylation of whole homogenates of treated and untreated cells was studied using [γ-32P] ATP, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Treatments which activate cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase selectively stimulate the incorporation of 32P into several proteins. This stimulation is most prominent in the 15,000-dalton protein band. The addition of cyclic AMP to phosphorylation reactions containing homogenate of untreated cells stimulates the phosphorylation of the same protein bands. These results indicate that adenosine may have regulatory functions through its effect on the cyclic AMP: cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase system.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400100203
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    Relationship between steps in 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS) fluorescence and changes in the energized membrane state and in intracellular and extracellular adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) levels following bacteriophage T5 infection of Escherichia coli (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 10 (1979), S. 329-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: ANS fluorescence ; membrane hydration ; cholesterol ; phospholipid-cholesterol interaction ; infrared spectra ; red cell membranes ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The addition of bacteriophage T5 to anaerobic, fermenting cells of Escherichia coli B or K-12 in the presence of 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS), N-phenylnaphthyl-1-amine (NPN), or dansyl ethylamine causes the fluorescence of these probes to rise in two steps, the first occurring immediately upon addition, the second delayed by 6 min. The conditions necessary for observing this phenomenon are defined (cell density, probe concentration, substrate, absence of an electron acceptor, multiplicity of infection, growth, and harvesting conditions).The magnitudes of the first and second steps in fluorescence are dependent upon the multiplicity of infection; the timing of the steps is not. The first step correlates with a breakdown in the potassium or rubidium permeability barrier of the cell, and it occurs either aerobically or anaerobically, with fermentable or nonfermentable substrates. The second step occurs only with cells that are without an available electron acceptor, are fermenting, and which have a functional membrane-bound, Ca2+-Mg2+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase). The results are consistent with disturbance of energization of the cell membrane by the membrane-bound ATPase at the time of the second step in fluorescence. No change in the intracellular level of adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) was seen, whereas the extracellular level increased sharply, starting 3-6 min after phage addition. The quantity of ATP found in the medium by 30 min after infection amounted to about four times the amount present inside the cells at the time of infection. The quantity and rate of efflux of ATP was similar under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400100305
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    Characterization of antigenic sialoglycoprotein subunits of the placental brush border membranes: Comparison with liver and kidney membrane subunits by two-dimensional electrophoresis (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 10 (1979), S. 287-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: antigenic membrane glycoproteins ; immunoprecipitation ; two-dimensional electrophoresis ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The sialoglycoprotein subunits of human placental brush border membranes were labeled by sequential treatment with periodate and (3H)-sodium borohydride, which trititates sialic acid, and by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed (125I) iodination of tyrosine residues. The labeled subunits were characterized with respect to their affinity for antisera raised against Triton X-100 extracts of placental brush border membranes. The immunochemically reactive components were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis according to a modification of the O'Farrell technique [20] enabling the assignment of estimated Mr̄ and pI. Of the 33 3H-labeled brush border subunits present in Triton X-100-solubilized membrane preparations, 18 subunits reacted with antiplacental brush border antisera insolubilized on CNBr-activated Sepharose or in immunoprecipitates. Fourteen of these tritiated subunits were also labeled with 125I, confirming that these are glycoproteins.The plasma membranes of normal human liver and microsomes from kidney were examined for the placental brush border glycoprotein subunits by reaction with insolubilized antiplacental brush border antisera and two-dimensional electrophoresis of the reacting tritium-labeled subunits. Comparison of the two-dimensional electrophoretic maps of the immunochemically reacting glycoproteins from liver, kidney, and placenta resulted in the identification of seven placental subunits in common with liver and kidney on the basis of antigenic cross-reactivity, Mr̄, and pI. Four placental glycoproteins were not found in the other tissues and are potentially specific to the placenta. Three of the placental subunits were only seen in placenta and kidney. Three of the subunits ran at the dye front and could not be assigned molecular weights. One of the subunits was poorly labeled by tritiation of sialic acid and was not considered.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400100303
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  • 122
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    Carbohydrate structure of the major glycopeptide from human cold-insoluble globulin (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 11 (1979), S. 391-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: cold-insoluble globulin ; carbohydrate structure ; human plasma ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Cold-insoluble globulin (CIg) is a member of a group of circulating and cell-associated, high-molecular-weight glycoproteins termed fibronectins. CIg was isolated from human plasma by affinity chromatography on gelatin-Sepharose. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified glycoprotein gave a double band that migrated near myosin. The CIg glycopeptides were released by pronase digestion and isolated by chromatography on Sephadex G-50. Affinity chromatography of the major G-50 peak on Con A-Sepharose resulted in two fractions: one-third of the glycopeptides were unbound and two-thirds were weakly bound (WB). Sugar composition analysis of the unbound glycopeptides by GLC of the trimethylsilyl methyl glycosides gave the following molar ratios: sialic acid, 2.5; galactose, 3.0; N-acetylglucosamine, 4.9; and mannose, 3.0. Sugar composition analysis of the WB glycopeptides gave the following molar ratios: sialic acid, 1.7; galactose, 2.0; N-acetylglucosamine, 4.1; and mannose, 3.0. The WB CIg glycopeptides cochromatographed on Sephadex G-50 with WB transferrin glycopeptides giving an estimated molecular weight of 2,800. After degradation with neuraminidase alone or sequentially with β-galactosidase the CIg and transferrin glycopeptides again cochromatographed. Methylation linkage analysis of the intact and the partially degraded glycopeptides indicated that the carbohydrate structure of the major human CIg glycopeptide resembles that of the major glycopeptide from transferrin.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400110313
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    Isolation and immunological characterization of an iron-regulated, transformation-sensitive cell surface protein of normal rat kidney cells (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 11 (1979), S. 371-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: viral transformation ; iron starvation ; membrane proteins ; procollagen ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We have analyzed the surface proteins of cultured normal rat kidney (NRK) cells and virus-transfromed NRK cells subjected to iron deprivation. Such a treatment specifically induces two transformation-sensitive plasma membrane-associated glycoproteins with a subunit molecular wegiht of 160,000 (160 K) and 130,000 (130 K) daltons in NRK cells. In these cells the 160 K glycoprotein is readily available to lactoperoxidase-mediated iodination, and the 130 K is apparently inaccessible to iodination. Major differences were revealed when iodinated membrane proteins of normal and virus-transformed cells subjected to iron deprivation were compared. In Kirsten sarcoma virus-transformed NRK cells the 160 K glycoprotein was weakly labeled. In two clones of simian virus 40-transformed NRK cells the 160 K glycoprotein was weakly labeled or not at all. The 130 K glycoprotein was inaccessible to iodination in all the virus-transformed cell lines.The 160 K and 130 K glycoproteins were isolated form plasma membranes of NRK cells using preparative SDS gel electrophoresis. Antibodies generated against these glycoproteins stained the external surfaces of NRK cells and induced antigen redistribution. Evidence presented suggests that 160 K and 130 K are plasma membrane-associated procollagen molecules. A possible interaction of these proteins with transferrin is also described. The data suggest that these proteins may have an important role in the sequence of events leading to transformation.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400110312
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    Subcellular fractionation of brown adipose tissue (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 11 (1979), S. 445-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: subcellular fractionation ; brown adipose tissue ; plasma membranes ; microsomes ; Metrizamide ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The present study proposes a technique, using Metrizamide, which permits the preparation of brown adipose tissue plasma membranes from the crude mitochondria as well as from the crude microsome fraction. These plasma membranes have high relative specific activities of their marker enzyme, 5′-nucleotidase (15 ± 3 and 14 ± 2 respectively) and, particularly those originating in the crude microsomes, are relatively free of mitochondria contamination. This study also shows the influence of the mode of cell disruption on microsome integrity. When cell disruption was achieved by grinding in liquid nitrogen the purified microsome NADPH cytochrome c reductase specific activity was found to be 3.5 times greater than that of microsomes obtained after homogenization of the tissue.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400110403
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    Masthead (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 10 (1979) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400100101
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    A possible modulation of acetylcholine receptors of embryonic chick muscle cells by α-bungarotoxin (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 10 (1979), S. 39-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: muscle ; acetylcholine ; acetylcholine receptors ; α-Bungarotoxin ; chick ; modulation ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Acetylcholine receptors were assayed with α-bugarotoxin on embryonic chick skeletal muscle growing in primary cell culture. Toxin was bound specifically to muscle cells and could be competed with D-tubocurarine. Two dissociation constants were obtained by equilibrium binding: 7.2 × 10-9M and 2.7 × 10-7M at 25°C. Two sets of rate constants were also obtained from dissociation kinetics. There are five times more low affinity sites on cells than high affinity sites. The average density of high-affinity receptors is about 200/μm2.A time course of toxin binding to receptors at 37°C vs 25°C in growth medium revealed that under conditions permitting growth and metabolism, toxin bound to cells was lost. The possibility that the growth medium was in-activating toxin molecules was ruled out by showing that unbound toxin molecules in the medium were fully capable of binding to fresh cultures.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400100105
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    Requirement for guanosine triphosphate in the activation of adenylate cyclase by cholera toxin (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 10 (1979), S. 51-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: cholera toxin ; GTP ; pigeon erythrocyte ; adenylate cyclase ; cytosolic factor ; phosphodiesterase protein activator ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The activation of adenylate cyclase in lysed pigeon erythrocytes requires, among several cofactors, a nucleotide which may be ATP, GTP, or many other triphosphates. However, after removal of endogenous nucleotides by gel filtration or by adsorption onto charcoal the requirement can be met only by GTP, or an analog of GTP. The GTP is required during the activation of the cyclase by toxin even if GTP is also included during the subsequent adenylate cyclase assay, conducted without toxin. In the presence of GTP it is possible to assay for the cytosolic protein that is also required for the action of cholera toxin. By gel filtration, its apparent molecular weight is 15,000-20,000.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400100106
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    Proteolytic cleavage and structural transformation: Their relationship in bacteriophage T4 capsid maturation (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 10 (1979), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: virus assembly ; limited proteolysis ; conformational change ; cooperativity ; electron microscopy ; optical diffraction ; computer image processing ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Giant T4 phage capsoids formed in canavanine-treated cultures infected by phage mutants in genes 21 and 17, respectively, differ with regard to cleavage of the major capsid protein, gp 23, and in the fine structure of their hexagonal surface lattices. Quantitative computer processing of electron micrographs shows that the significant differences in capsomer morphology amount to six symmetrically placed features present in the uncleaved hexamer but absent after cleavage. These features may be related with the N-terminal portions of gp 23 monomers excised by phage-specific proteolysis. Cleaved 17- giants can be induced to undergo a further structural transformation (expansion). Structural characteristics of partially transformed giant particles give clues about the dynamics of the cleavage and expansion transformations. Both processes appear to be polar, initiating in one cap and propagating along the particle. The transition zone of partial cleavage is diffuse, whereas the transition between unexpanded and expanded areas is confined to a narrow band of some 20 nm width.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400100102
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    Masthead (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 10 (1979) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400100201
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    Growth factors and gangliosides: A possible new perspective in neuronal growth control (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 10 (1979), S. 111-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: growth factors ; gangliosides ; neurogenesis ; cell developmental program ; neuronal cell lines ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: For many permanent cell lines the transition from a growing (P) to a resting (R) state is reversibly controlled by growth factors present in serum. This P-to-R transition was studied in a neuronal cell line (B 104) with respect to the action of serum, dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DBcAMP), gangliosides, and a glioma cell-produced growth factor GGF. In this cell system gangliosides seem to act as differentiation and survival factors. The kinetics of uptake of radioactively labeled gangliosides and survival experiments both support the idea of the stable incorporation of exogenously added gangliosides into the cells. Based on the experimental evidence a new model of cell development is proposed. Thus in addition to the R or G0 state, which in this cell system is rather unstable and probably regulated by cyclic nucleotides, we postulate a differentiated D state, which is controlled by gangliosides and which is characterized by its stability (survival time). This D compartment seems to be closer to the in vivo differentiated neuron than does the R or P state. The possible mechanisms for the action of gangliosides are discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400100202
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    Independence of the lethal actions of glucocorticoids on lymphoid cells from possible hormone effects on calcium uptake (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 10 (1979), S. 165-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: glucocorticoids ; calcium ; thymus ; lymphosarcoma ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We have examined the possibility that hormone-induced increases in calcium uptake might initiate the lethal actions of glucocorticoids in two types of lymphoid cells. Hormone-induced increases in nuclear fragility are used as the measure of hormone action, since in both rat thymus cells and in mouse P1 798 lymphosarcoma cells increased nuclear fragility (the inability of nuclei to survive lysis of the cells by hypotonic shock) precedes other indices of cellular deterioration by several hours.In the case of the tumor cells, those from corticosteroid-sensitive lines are less able to withstand incubation in vitro than resistant cells. Such differences in cell survival are predicted both by earlier changes in nuclear fragility and also by differences in calcium uptake. However, there is no detectable early glucocorticoid effect on calcium uptake that precedes or coincides with the substantial hormone-induced increases in nuclear fragility that develop in the sensitive cells by 2 h.In rat thymus cells the absence of calcium in the medium does prevent some of the increase in nuclear fragility and cell disintegration that occurs spontaneously during incubation in vitro. Nevertheless, when cells are exposed to hormones the glucocorticoid effect on nuclear fragility develops in the absence of calcium and is similar in magnitude to that seen in the presence of calcium.We conclude that calcium seems to enhance the spontaneous deterioration of lymphoid cells, and there is a large increase in calcium uptake that occurs as cells deteriorate. It nevertheless seems unlikely that hormone-induced changes in calcium uptake initiate the lethal actions of glucocorticoids. The data also support a proposal made earlier [2] that resistance to glucocorticoids in tumor cells may develop by the selection of cells with hardier membranes.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400100206
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    Effect of metabolic inhibitors on vasopressin-stimulated transport systems in the toad bladder (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 10 (1979), S. 175-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: vasopressin ; nocodazole ; urea transport ; rotenone ; dinitrophenol ; methylene blue ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Vasopressin increases the permeability of receptor cells to water and, in tissues such as toad bladder, to solutes such as urea. While cyclic AMP appears to play a major role in mediating the effects of vasopressin, there is evidence that activation of the water permeability system and the urea permeability system involves separate pathways. In the present study, we have shown that inhibitors of oxidative metabolism (rotenone, dinitrophenol, and methylene blue) selectively inhibit either vasopressin-stimulated water flow or vasopressin-stimulated urea transport. There was no inhibition, however, when exogenous cyclic AMP was substituted for vasopressin, and little to no inhibition when the potent analogue 8-bromoadenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP) was employed. Rotenone had no effect on adenylate cyclase activity or cyclic AMP levels within the cell; dinitrophenol decreased adenylate cyclase activity minimally.Additional studies with vinblastine and nocodazole, inhibitors of microtubule assembly, demonstrated an inhibition of vasopressin and cyclic AMP-stimulated water flow but showed no effect on urea transport.We would conclude that water and urea transport, as examples of hormone-stimulated processes, have different links to cell metabolism, and that in addition to cyclic AMP, a non-nucleotide pathway may be involved in the action of vasopressin.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400100207
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    Properties of (Mg2+ + Ca2+)-ATPase of erythrocyte membranes prepared by different procedures: Influence of Mg2+, Ca2+, ATP, and protein activator (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 10 (1979), S. 215-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: (Mg2+ + Ca2+)-ATPase ; erythrocyte membranes ; endogenous protein activator ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Erythrocyte membranes prepared by three different procedures showed (Mg2+ + Ca2+)-ATPase activities differing in specific activity and in affinity for Ca2+. The (Mg2+ + Ca2+)-ATPase activity of the three preparations was stimulated to different extents by a Ca2+-dependent protein activator isolated from hemolystes. The Ca2+ affinity of the two most active preparations was decreased as the ATP concentration in the assay medium was increased. Lowering the ATP concentration from 2 mM to 2-200 μM or lowering the Mg:ATP ratio to less than one shifted the (Mg2+ + Ca2+)-ATPase activity in stepwise hemolysis membranes from mixed “high” and “low” affinity to a single high Ca2+ affinity. Membranes from which soluble proteins were extracted by EDTA (0.1 mM) in low ionic strengh, or membranes prepared by the EDTA (1-10 mM) procedure, did not undergo the shift in the Ca2+ affinity with changes in ATP and MgCl2 concentrations. The EDTA-wash membranes were only weakly activated by the protein activator. It is suggested that the differences in properties of the (Mg2+ + Ca2+)-ATPase prepared by these three procedures reflect differences determined in part by the degree of association of the membrane with a soluble protein activator and changes in the state of the enzyme to a less activatable form.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400100211
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    Internalization and processing of the EGF receptor in the induction of DNA synthesis in cultured fibroblasts: The endocytic activation hypothesis (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 10 (1979), S. 199-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The addition of EGF to cultured murine 3T3 cells produces a decrease in EGF binding activity with concomitant internalization and degradation of the initially bound EGF. When the EGF receptor on cultured 3T3 cells is affinity labeled with high specific activity 125I-EGF, and the fate of the affinity labeled EGF-receptor complex determined, the loss in binding activity was accounted for by receptor internalization and subsequent proteolytic processing of the EGF receptor molecules in the lysosomes. Studies of the effects of EGF concentration on EGF binding by cells, EGF-induced receptor internalization and EGF-induced stimulation of 3H-thymidine uptake into cellular DNA show that there is a direct correlation between EGF-induced receptor internalization and EGF-induced stimulation of DNA synthesis, but not between EGF binding and EGF-induced stimulation of DNA synthesis. This correlation is lost at high EGF concentrations, where stimulation of DNA synthesis is suboptimal. Optimal stimulation of DNA synthesis requires a minimum of 6 h of incubation of EGF with cells, and the suboptimal stimulation of DNA synthesis at high EGF concentration is intensified when the period of incubation of EGF with cells is less than 6 h. These data are consistent with a model of hormone signal transmission by Endocytic Activation, wherein the activation of EGF-induced processes requires constant EGF-induced internalization of receptor for a requisite 6-8 h period as an obligatory step in production of “second messenger” in the action of this hormone.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400100210
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    Selective protein transport: Characterization and solubilization of the phosvitin receptor from chicken oocytes (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 12 (1979), S. 491-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: oocyte protein transport ; receptor solubilization ; phosvitin receptor ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Phosvitin (PV), a subunit of a female-specific protein, vitellogenin, binds to oocyte membranes with a KD of 10-6 M. Binding reaches equilibrium within 30 min after incubation at 25°C. Bound 125I-PV dissociates from the membrane with a t1/2 of 13 h when incubated in buffer. However, when 125I-PV-labeled membranes are incubated in buffer containing 10-5 M unlabeled PV, 50% of the initially bound 125I-PV dissociates from the membrane within 10 min. These results support the conclusion that PV binds to a membrane-associated receptor.Solubilization studies show that Triton X-100 solubilizes up to 45% of the total membrane-bound 125I-PV. Gel-exculsion chromatography of the solubilized material yields a 500,000 dalton 125I-PV-containing complex separated from free 125I-PV. The 500,000 dalton complex completely dissociates to yield free 125I-PV when incubated with excess unlabeled PV. However, when incubated with (1) no addition, (2) IgG, or (3) serum albumin, the extent of dissociation is significantly reduced and is consistent with that which would be predicted on the basis of the observed dissociation rate in the absence of unlabeled PV.These results suggest that bound 125I-PV can only be displaced by unlabeled PV. These results also indicate that the 500,000 dalton species is a solubilized PV-receptor complex and that it is possible to solubilize the PV-receptor in an active form.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400120409
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    Tumor cell surfaces and malignancy (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 12 (1979), S. 161-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400120506
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  • 137
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    T and B lymphocytes: Recognition and function (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 12 (1979), S. 233-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400120507
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  • 138
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    Structure of the dna binding cleft of the gene 5 protein from bacteriophage fd (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 10 (1979), S. 457-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: DNA binding protein ; gene 5 ; fd bacteriophage ; X-ray diffraction ; protein-nucleic acid interactions ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The structure of the gene 5 DNA unwinding protein from bacteriophage fd has been solved to 2.3-Å resolution by X-ray diffraction techniques. The molecule contains an extensive cleft region that we have identified as the DNA binding site on the basis of the residues that comprise its surface. The interior of the groove has a rather large number of basic amino acid residues that serve to draw the polynucleotide backbone into the cleft. Arrayed along the external edges of the groove are a number of aromatic amino acid side groups that are in position to stack upon the bases of the DNA and fix it in place. The structure and binding mechanism as we visualize it appear to be fully consistent with evidence provided by physical-chemical studies of the protein in solution.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400100408
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  • 139
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    Structural and functional alterations in the surface of vascular endothelial cells associated with the formation of a confluent cell monolayer and with the withdrawal of fibroblast growth factor (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 12 (1979), S. 73-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: fibronectin ; CSP-60 ; extracellular matrix ; thrombogenic properties ; low-density lipoprotein ; receptor redistribution ; asymmetry of cell surfaces ; cell morphology ; spatial configuration ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Vascular endothelial cells cultured in the presence of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) devide actively when seeded at low or clonal cell densities and upon reachin confluence adopt a morphologic appearance and differentiated properties similar to those of the vascular endothelium in vovi. In this review, we present some of our recent observations regarding the characteristics (both structural and functional) of these endothelial cells and the role of FGF in controlling their proliferation and normal differentation. At confluence the endothelial cells from a monolayer of closely apposed and nondividing cell that have a nonthrombogenic apical surface and can no longer internalize bound ligands such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The adoption of these properties is correlated and possibly causally related to changes in the cell surface such as the appearance of a 60,000 molecular weight protein (CSP-60); the disappearance of fibronectin from the apical cell surface and its concomitant accumulation in the basal lamina; and a restriction of the lateral mobility of various cell surface receptor sites. In contrast, endothelial cells that are maintained in the absence of FGF undergo within three passages alterations that are incompatible with their in vivo morphologic apperarance and physiologic beharior. They grow at confluence on top of each other and hence can no longer adopt both the structural (CSP-60, cell surface polarity) and functional (barrier function, nonthrombogenicity) attributes of differentiated endothelial cell. Since these characteristics can be reacquired in response to readdition of FGF, in addition to being a mitogen FGF may also be involved in controlling the differentitation and phenotypic expression of the vascular endothelium.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400120108
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  • 140
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    Biosynthesis of membrane glycoproteins in rat hepatoma tissue culture cells (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 12 (1979), S. 151-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: membrane glycoproteins ; posttranslational modifications ; intracellular transport ; secretion ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The early steps in the biosynthesis of glycoproteins associated with the plasma membranes of rat hepatoma tissue culture cells has been analyzed. By measuring the effect of tunicamycin on the incorporation of [3H] mannose and [3H] fucose into cell glycoproteins, it was determined that an interval of about 1 h was required to transfer the glycoprotein from the site of mannosylation to the site of fucosylation. This result was corroborated by an analysis of the time required for the appearance of either mannose or fucose-labeled glycoproteins at the cell surface. The separation of membrane glycoproteins by a two-dimensional gel system allowed the visualization of the modifications leading to both size and charge heterogeneity of these proteins. By following the changes in electrophoretic mobility introduced into membrane glycoproteins during a chase period after a pulse labeling, the time course of these molecular alterations could be estimated. Several glycoproteins have apparently higher rates of synthesis than the bulk of membrane-associated glycoproteins. Most of these glycoproteins were released within 2 h after biosynthesis from the intracellular membrane fraction and appear after 3 h in the medium. In addition to the glycoproteins that contain both mannose and fucose and that show a high degree of charge heterogeneity, there are other membrane-bound species that are not noticeably modified by the in corporation of fucose or sialic acids. These glycoproteins could represent constituents limited to the internal membrane system of the HTC cell.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400120202
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  • 141
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    Biosynthesis and maturation of cellular membrane glycoproteins (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 12 (1979), S. 209-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: membrane glycoproteins ; human diploid fibroblasts ; BHK21 cells ; exoglycosidases and endoglycosidases ; asparaginyl-oligosaccharides ; gel filtration ; processing of oligomannosyl core ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The biosynthesis and the processing of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides of cellular membrane glycoproteins were examined in monolayer cultures of BHK21 cells and human diploid fibroblasts after pulse-and pulse-chase labeling with [2-3H] mannose. After pronase digestion, radiolabeled glycopeptides were characterized by high-resolution gel filtration, with or without additional digestion with various exoglycosidases and endoglycosidases. Pulse-labeled glycoproteins contained a relatively homogenous population of neutral oligosaccharides (major species: Man9GlcNAc2ASN). The vast majority of these asparagine-linked oligosaccharides was smaller than the major fraction of lipid-linked oligosaccharides from the cell and was apparently devoid of terminal glucose. After pulse-chase or long labeling periods, a significant fraction of the large oligomannosyl cores was processed by removal of mannose units and addition of branch sugars (NeuNAc-Gal-GlcNAc), resulting in complex acidic structures containing three and possibly five mannoses. In addition, some of the large oligomannosyl cores were processed by the removal of only several mannoses, resulting in a mixture of neutral structures with 5-9 mannoses. This oligomannosyl core heterogeneity in both neutral and acidic oligosaccharides linked to asparagine in cellular membrane glycoproteins was analogous to the heterogeneity reported for the oligosaccharides of avian RNA tumor virus glycoproteins (Hunt LA, Wright SE, Etchison JR, Summers DF: J Virol 29:336, 1979).
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400120207
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  • 142
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    Masthead (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 12 (1979) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400120301
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  • 143
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    Gliding mycoplasmas are inhibited by cytochalasin B and contain a polymerizable protein fraction (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 12 (1979), S. 299-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: mycoplasma ; cytochalasin B ; actin-like protein ; cytoskeleton ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Studies are presented on the effect of cytochalasin B (CB) on the growth of five Mycoplasma species, three Acholeplasma species, and one Spiroplasma species. The three gliding mycoplasma species (M) gallisepticum, M pneumoniae and M pulmonis are the only mycoplasmas inhibited by CB. These are the only prolaryotes reported to be inhibited by CB. This suggested that these three mycoplasmas might have some sort of cytoskeletal structure. A protein fraction has been isolated from M gallisepticum which polymerizes in 0.6 M KC1 and depolymerizes when KC1 is removed. This fraction contains a major 58,000-dalton protein, a 46,000-dalton protein, and a minor 87,000-dalton protein.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400120303
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  • 144
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    Ganglioside patterns of metastatic and non-metastatic transplantable hepatocellular carcinomas of the rat (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 11 (1979), S. 485-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: carcinoma ; cell surface ; ganglioside ; hepatoma ; metastatis ; sialic acid ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: In previous investigations, we correlated levels of sialic acid, gangliosides, and ganglioside glycosyltransferases with tumorigenesis over a 24-week continuum of growth of hepatocellular neoplasms of the rat induced by the carcinogen N-2-fluorenylacetamide. However, metastatic tumors developed only rarely and were not analyzed. To investigate surface changes associated with metastasis, well-differentiated and poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas were transplanted to syngeneic recipient rats. From those, several metastatic and nonmetastatic isolates were obtained and compared. Both total and ganglioside sialic acid amounts in transplantable hepatomas were elevated above control liver values but were significantly lower for metastatic lines than for nonmetastatic lines. The nonmetastatic lines were characterized by ganglioside patterns depleted in the precursor ganglioside GM3 (sialic acid-galactose-glucose-ceramide) and elevated in the products of the monosialoganglioside pathway. In contrast, metastatic isolates exhibited a restoration of GM3 and nearer normal amounts of other gangliosides. The findings point to differences in sialic acid-containing glycolipids, comparing metastatic and nonmetastatic hepatocellular carcinomas, and further extend the concept that ganglioside alterations do not cause tumorigenesis but are the end result of a cascade of events which apparently continue beyond the onset of metastasis.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400110407
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  • 145
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    Isolation of cholera toxin receptors from a mouse fibroblast and lymphoid cell line by immune precipitation (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 12 (1979), S. 273-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: cholera toxin-receptors ; cell growth ; glycolipids-transformation ; organization in membranes ; glycolipids as cell surface receptors ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Cholera toxin receptors have been isolated from both a mouse fibroblast (Balbc/3T3) and mouse lymphoid cell line labeled by the galactose oxidase borotritiide technique. Tritiated receptor-toxin complexes solubilized in NP40 were isolated by addition of toxin antibody followed by a protein A-containing strain of Staphylococcus aureus. In both cell types by far the major species of toxin receptor isolated was ganglioside in nature, although galactoproteins were also present in the immune complexes. Whether the galactoproteins form part of a toxin-receptor complex or are artifacts of the isolation procedure is presently unclear.The relative specificity of cholera toxin for a carbohydrate sequence in a glycolipid suggests that the toxin might prove a useful tool in establishing the function and organization of glycolipids in membranes. For example, interaction of cholera toxin with the mouse lymphoid cell line was shown to result in patching and capping of bound toxin, raising the possibility that the glycolipid receptor interacts indirectly with cytoskeletal elements. Cholera toxin might also be used to select for mutant fibroblasts lacking the toxin receptor and therefore having an altered glycolipid profile. Such mutants might prove useful in establishing the relationship (if any) between modified glycolipid pattern and other aspects of the transformed phenotype. Attempts to isolate mutants, based on the expectation that growth of cells containing the toxin receptor would be inhibited by the increase in cAMP levels normally induced by cholera toxin, proved unsuccessful. Cholera toxin failed to inhibit significantly the growth of either Balbc or Swiss 3T3 mouse fibroblasts although it markedly elevated cAMP levels.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400120211
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  • 146
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    Comparison of the structures of human fibronectin and plasma cold-insoluble globulin (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 12 (1979), S. 505-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: fibronectin ; cold-insoluble globulin ; carbohydrate content ; proteoglycan ; proteolytic cleavage ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Human amniotic fluid fibronectin and plasma fibronectin (cold-incoluble globulin) are indistinguishable both immunologically and by amino acid composition. Cyanogen bromide and tryptic peptides also suggest substantial structural homology. However, carbohydrate analysis has demonstrated additional saccharides in fibronectin and an overall increase in carbohydrate content relative to coldinsoluble globulin. Furthermore, limited proteolytic cleavage of the two proteins indicates differences in primary structure or in conformation. Using affinity-purified antibodies to cold-insoluble globulin, a glucosamine-labeled pronaseresistant component, probably proteoglycan, was found to coprecipitate with fibronectin, suggesting an association between these two macromolecules in the connective tissue matrix.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400120410
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  • 147
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    Hormone-induced modification of EGF receptor proteolysis in the induction of EGF action (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 12 (1979), S. 517-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: direct labeling of EGF receptors ; transient down-regulation of EGF receptors ; platelet derived growth factor ; receptor proteolysis ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: A proposal that EGF action is mediated through enhanced internalization of EGF receptors is modified to account for more recent evidence. EGF receptors turn over at a rapid rate, and the maintenance of a steady state of EGF receptors on the cell surface is provided through a rapid synthesis of EGF receptors, balancing their removal. This rapid turnover of unoccupied receptors may arise through their removal. This rapid turnover of unoccupied receptors may arise through their internalization and proteolysis in the lysosomes, in much the same way as receptors are internalized and degraded when exposed to EGF, which enhances internalization. This provides a dilemma for the endocytic activation concept, since slight enhancement of receptor internalization gives rise to a strong hormone response. This problem may be solved by the observation that EGF induces a change in its receptor, exposing an otherwise unavailable site for proteolytic cleavage. This hormone-dependent modification of receptors may be the critical step in the induction of responses to EGF and other hormones that are internalized with their receptors. Both platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) are shown to down-regulate EGF receptors, though transiently, placing still more stringent requirements on the specificity by which hormones might act through endocytic activation of their receptors.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400120411
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  • 148
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    Eucaryotic gene regulation (1979)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 12 (1979), S. 31-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400120503
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  • 149
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    Erratum (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 103-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550110106
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  • 150
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    Masthead (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550110201
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  • 151
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    Neighboring group participation of polar β substituents in the gas-phase pyrolysis of 2-substituted ethyl chlorides (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 109-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The pyrolysis of 2-dimethylaminoethyl chloride in the temperature range of 360-400°C and the pressure range of 60-271 mmHg is a homogeneous, unimolecular, first-order reaction giving dimethylvinyl amine and hydrogen chloride. 2-Methoxyethyl chloride pyrolysis in the temperature range of 450-490°C and the pressure range of 53-110 mmHg by a similar unimolecular, first-order reaction yields methylvinyl ether and hydrogen chloride. These reactions were carried out in a seasoned reaction vessel and in the presence of a propene inhibitor. The methylvinyl ether decomposes slowly into other products at the temperature of pyrolysis. The rate constants are given by the Arrhenius equations(a) 2-dimethylaminoethyl chloride: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \log k(\sec ^{ - 1}) = (13.22 \pm 0.17) - (203.7 \pm 2.1)kJ/mol/2.303RT $$\end{document}(b) 2-methoxyethyl chloride: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \log k(\sec ^{ - 1}) = (14.06 \pm 0.53) - (244.7 \pm 7.1)kJ/mol/2.303RT $$\end{document}The effects of polar β substituents in the 2 position of ethyl chloride are discussed in terms of anchimeric assistance and electron-withdrawing deactivation in these elimination reactions. The present results are consistent with the heterolytic nature of the four-centered cyclic transition state for the gas-phase pyrolysis of alkyl halides.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550110202
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  • 152
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    Kinetics and mechanism for the iodination of methylmalonic acid (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 131-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ CH\left({CH_3 } \right)\left({COOH} \right)_2 + I_2 \rightleftharpoons CI(CH_3)\left({COOH} \right)_2 + H^ + + I^ - $\end{document} was followed spectrophotometrically at 353 nm and 470 nm at 25°C under various conditions of pH and methylmalonic acid concentration. The equilibrium constant for the reaction is 0.11 ± 0.02. An iterative technique was used to integrate postulated rate equations. Agreement between experimental and calculated absorbance versus time curves was generally better than 0.005 A (approximately 5% of maximum) at both wavelengths for a mechanism where the rate-determining step is formation of an enolate (k = 1.63 Θ 10-4 ± 0.03 Θ 10-4 sec-1). The enolate may be rapidly transformed to the enol or enol carboxylate anion depending on the pH. All three forms are rapidly iodinated. The mechanism of general base catalysis is supported by rate increases proportional to base concentration in buffer solutions. The bases, acetate ion, chloracetate ion, sulfate ion, dichloracetate ion, and water, follow a Brønsted relationship with β = 0.7.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550110205
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  • 153
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    Kinetics of oxidation of some amino acids by KMNO4 in a moderately concentrated H2SO4 medium in the presence and absence of Ag+ (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 165-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of oxidation of glycine, alanine, phenylalanine, serine threonine, aspartic, and glutamic acid by acid permanganate were investigated to elucidate the mechanism of the reactions. The rate law was found to be \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \frac{{ - d[Mn\left({VII} \right)]}}{{dt}} = k_0 [a\min oacid][Mn\left({VII} \right)] $$\end{document} The reactions were found to be acid catalyzed, and the kinetic data indicate the participation of the water molecules in the rate-determining step as a proton-abstracting agent from the substrate, as per Bunnett's hypothesis. As Ag+ was found to catalyze these reactions, the oxidation of glycine and glutamic acid was studied, and the rate law was found to be \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \frac{{ - d\ln [Mn\left({VII} \right)]}}{{dt}} = \frac{{Kk_c^{''} [a\min oacid][Ag^ +]}}{{1 + K[a\min oacid] = K[Ag^ +]}}$$\end{document} A probable mechanism consistent with the observed results is discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550110208
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  • 154
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    Competitive chlorination-dehydrochlorination of 1,1,1,2-C2H2Cl4 (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 117-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The competitive photochlorination and chlorine photosensitized dehydrochlorination of 1,1,1,2-C2H2Cl4 have been studied over the temperature range of 349.4-404.5 K after less than 1% conversion. The results are discussed and a value of \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \log k_{4A} (\sec ^{ - 1}) = (11.6\pm 0.6) - (16,400\pm 1000)/4.58T $$\end{document} is proposed for the reaction \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm CCl}_{\rm 3} {\rm CHCl}\mathop \to \limits^{(4{\rm A)}} {\rm CCl}_{\rm 2} {\rm CHCl + Cl} $$\end{document} This result, combined with existing thermochemical data, indicates that there is no evidence of an activation energy for the addition of a Cl atom on the most chlorinated carbon in trichloroethylene: in that case the selectivity of the addition of Cl on the less chlorinated carbon should not depend on temperature.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550110203
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  • 155
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    Pressure saturation of SO2(3B1 0,0,0) lifetimes (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 125-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Lifetime data have been obtained for the decay of SO2(3B1 0,0,0) at 25°C over the pressure range of 1-762 torr. The 3B1 state was populated by direct absorption to eliminate any possible complications in interpretation due to the participation of excited-singlet manifolds. At pressures greater than about 10 torr, the measured lifetimes are longer than predicted from low-pressure Stern-Volmer parameters. This deviation can be interpreted in terms of Freed's theory on collisionally induced intersystem crossing and provides unequivocal evidence to support earlier speculations that the lengthening of the lifetimes at high pressures is due to saturation in depopulation of the 3B1 state.
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    Mechanistic details of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky oscillations. II. The organic reaction subset (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 155-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Our previous mechanistic model for the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction has been revised to include a more realistic set of reactions for the oxidation pathways of the organic intermediates. A few other rate constants have also been modified to include new information. The revised mechanism reproduces the essential experimental observations, although the periods of oscillation are somewhat too long and oscillations cease at malonic acid concentrations about ten times greater than the observed lower limit. However, the essential features of the mechanism are clearly understood.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550110207
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    Masthead (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550110301
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  • 158
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    The kinetics and mechanism of n-butyraldehyde photolysis in the vapor phase at 313 nm (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 219-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photolysis was investigated at 313 nm wavelength, 253-529 K temperatures, and 4 × 10-11-2 × 10-9 mol·photon/cm2·sec light intensities by determining the quantum yields of 20 reaction products. Primary quantum yields for the seven primary processes and rate constant ratios, rate constants, and Arrhenius parameters for secondary processes were derived on the basis of the suggested reaction scheme. The dependence of the quantum yields of the four major primary processes on experimental conditions was established.
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  • 159
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    Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of dimethyl sulfoxide by chloramine-T in aqueous solution (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 261-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of oxidation of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) by chloramine-T (CAT) is studied in HClO4 and NaOH media with OsO4 as a catalyst in the latter medium. In acid medium, the rate law is -d [CAT]/dt = k [CAT][DMSO][H+]. Alkali retards the reaction and the rate law takes the form -d [CAT]/dt = k [CAT][DMSO][OsO4]/[NaOH], but is reduced to -d [CAT]/dt = k [CAT][DMSO] at higher alkali concentrations. The reaction is subjected to changes in (a) ionic strength, (b) concentrations of added neutral salts, (c) concentrations of added reaction product, (d) dielectric constant, and (e) solvent isotope effect, and the subsequent effects on the reaction rate are studied.The reaction mechanism in acid medium assumes an electrophilic attack by the free acid RNHCl (CAT′) at the sulfur site in DMSO, forming a reaction intermediate which subsequently decomposes to dimethyl sulfone on hydrolysis. Formation of a cyclic complex between RNHCl and OsO4 which interacts with the substrate in a slow step explains the observed results in alkaline medium. The simplification of the rate equation at higher alkali concentrations is attributed to a direct reaction between chloramine-T and the substrate.
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  • 160
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    Rate constants for the combination of trichloromethyl radicals and the electron-transfer reaction between hydroxymethyl radicals and carbon tetrachloride in solution (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 495-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The rate constant for the bimolecular combination of trichloromethyl radicals in methanol is determined as a function of temperature by steady-state kinetics and electron-spin resonance with modulated radical initiation. The rate constant is in accord with the Smoluchowski equation and indicates a diffusion-controlled radical termination. The temperature dependence of the rate constant for the electron-transfer reaction between hydroxymethyl radicals and carbon tetrachloride in methanol is determined, and is found to disagree with predictions of the Marcus theory. This disagreement is tentatively ascribed to the structure of the transition state.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550110504
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  • 161
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    A model for explosions during carbon monoxide oxidationPaper 32 in the Series Oscillations in Chemical Systems. For Paper 31 see [1]. (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 821-841 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: During the oxidation of carbon monoxide containing a trace of water, ten well-known atomic and molecular species can be identified as of potential significance. All conceivable reactions of these species in their ground electronic states were considered, and rate constants for all those that are of potential importance are either known or can be estimated with considerable confidence. For compositions and temperatures of experimental interest an isothermal system goes to a single steady state that is stable to perturbation and will neither explode nor oscillate. These steady-state computations also predict that as the temperature is raised above about 1000 K most of the water is converted to H, OH, and HO2 radicals. Under such conditions, exothermic reactions would be so rapid that strong thermal gradients would develop in any real system of plausible dimensions. A simple model based on these calculations predicts explosion limits consistent with those observed experimentally. Simultaneous behavior in time and in space must be calculated in detail before it is clear whether or not this model based on ground electronic states can model the oscillations that are sometimes observed in this system.
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  • 162
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    Estimating the positions of transition states from experimental data (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 853-865 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A procedure is suggested to estimate the positions of a transition state (TS) along the reaction coordinate in reaction series involving several radical reactions. It is based on the dependence between experimental activation energies U± and heat effects Q. Taking into account the shift of a TS position, the following relation between these quantities is obtained: U± -; U0± = A (Q - Q0)2 + B(Q - Q0). The subscript 0 indicates the standard reference reaction. For three series, namely, the hydrogen abstraction from hydrocarbon substrates by radicals CH3·, CF·3, and Br·, the bond lengths characterizing the TS reaction center are evaluated. The TS positions appear to vary significantly in the reaction series, which accounts for significant changes in the experimentally observed activation volumes. The derivation of the Hammond rule and the range of its validity for the series with polar and steric substituent effects are discussed.
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  • 163
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    Abstraction of chlorine atoms from chloroalkanes. V. The liquid-phase reaction between Et3SiH radicals and CH2Cl2, CHCl3, CCl4, and CCl3CN (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 899-906 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of chlorine transfer from CH2Cl2, CHCl3, CCl4, and CCl3CN to the triethylsilyl radical was studied in the liquid phase by a competitive method. Br abstraction from 1-bromopentane was used as a reference. The following Arrhenius parameters were determined:where the error limits are two standard deviations (2σ). Based on these results, the observed reactivity trends in the chlorine transfer reactions of Et3Si radicals appear to primarily reflect the variation in entropy of activation rather than in activation energies.
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  • 164
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    Mutual combination of ClO radicals (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 649-664 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mutual combination reaction is proposed as the rate-limiting step in the removal of ClO radicals at moderate pressures. The third--order rate constants measured at room temperature were k1(Ar) = 3.51 ± 0.14 × 109 l2/mol2·ec; k1(He) ≈ 2.8 × 109 l2/mol2·sec, and k1(O2) ≈ 7.9 × 109 l2/mol2·sec. There is also an independent second-order reaction for which k3 ≈ 8 × 106 l/mol·sec. A new absorption spectrum has been observed in the ultraviolet and attributed to Cl2O2. The extinction coefficient for Cl2O2 has been measured at six wavelengths, and, between 292 and 232 nm, it increases from 0.4 × 103 to 2.9 × 103 l/mol·cm. In the presence of the chlorine atom scavengers OClO or Cl2O, Cl2O2 exists in equilibrium with ClO. The equilibrium constant Ke1 = 3.1 ± 0.1 × 106 l/mol at 298 K, and, with ΔS10 estimated to be -133 ± 11 J/K·mol, ΔH10 = -69 ± 3 kJ/mol and ΔHf0(Cl2O2) = 136 ± 3 kJ/mol.
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  • 165
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    Quantum effects and isotope effects in chemical kinetics (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 665-683 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The relations of quantum and kinetic isotope effects are investigated using the exact quantum corrections to the collision and activated complex theories. The latter are computed for the collinear three-atomic reaction H2 + H → H + H2 and the related isotopic reactions using realistic potential energy surfaces. Taking into account the bent configurations of the collision complex H-H-H gives a very good agreement between the quantum collision theory and the experimental data for the absolute values and the isotopic ratios of rate constants. Classical trajectory calculations yield considerably lower results.
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  • 166
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    Masthead (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550110501
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  • 167
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    Study of the reactions of oxygen atoms with carbonothioicdichloride, carbonothioicdifluoride, and tetrafluoro-1,3-dithietane (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 453-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reactions of ground-state oxygen atoms with carbonothioicdichloride, carbonothioicdifluoride, and tetrafluoro-1,3-dithietane have been studied in a crossed molecular jet reactor in order to determine the initial reaction products and in a fast-flow reactor in order to determine their overall rate constants at temperatures between 250 and 500 K. These rate constants arek(O + C2CS) =(3.09 ± 0.54) × 10-11 exp(+115 ± 106 cal/mol/RT),k(O + F2CS) = (1.22 ± 0.19) × 10-11 exp(-747 ± 95 cal/mol/RT), andk(O + F4C2S2) = (2.36 ± 0.52) × 10-11 exp(-1700 ± 128 cal/mol/RT) cm3/molec·sec. The detected reaction products and their rate constants indicate that the primary reaction mechanism is the electrophilic addition of the oxygen atom to the sulfur atom contained in the reactant molecule to form an energy-rich adduct which then decomposes by C-S bond cleavage.
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  • 168
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    The reactions of methyl radicals with chloromethanes (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 511-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of methyl radicals with CCl4 and CCl3Br have been reinvestigated in the gas phase over a wide range of temperatures and pressures using both the photolysis of acetone and the pyrolysis of di-tertiary butyl peroxide (dtBP) as the methyl radical sources. The results are in essential agreement with previous work; however, these new studies provide evidence that at higher pressures the major source of HCl in the reactions is due to methyl radical attack on CH3CCl3, formed via the combination of methyl and trichloromethyl radicals.From these investigations Arrhenius parameters for the reactions have been determined: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ k_2 = 10^{8.8 \pm 0.3} {\rm exp - }\left({\frac{{{\rm 10}{\rm .1} \pm {\rm 0}{\rm .5}\,{\rm kcal}}}{{RT}}} \right)1/{\rm mol} \cdot {\rm sec} $$\end{document} \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ k_{15} { } = { 10}^{8.1 \pm {0}{.3}} { exp - }\left({\frac{{{3}{.5 } \pm { 0}{.5 kcal}}}{{RT}}} \right){ 1/mol} \cdot {sec} $$\end{document}Pyrolysis of dtBP in the presence of relatively high-pressure mixtures of CCl4 and CCl3Br resulted in no enhanced methane formation, since, under these conditions, the only termination product is C2Cl6, and the HCl precursor CH3CCl3 is not formed. A competitive technique has been used in which dtBP was pyrolysed in the gas phase in the presence of high-pressure mixtures of CCl3Br and a chloromethane. Arrhenius parameters were obtained for the reactions and the results were used to provide information on the importance of polar effects for hydrogen abstraction from halogenated methanes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550110505
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    Chlorine atom and ClO wall reaction products (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 543-557 
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    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The products of the heterogeneous reactions of chlorine atoms and chlorine oxide radicals with acid coated Pyrex walls have been directly determined for the first time. Contrary to the usual assumption that chlorine atoms recombine to form Cl2, we find that the major product is HCl, with small amounts of perchlorate also formed. Similarly, ClO radicals form HCl rather than Cl2. The source of hydrogen for these reactions is probably the water always found in this type of vacuum system. These results may change the interpretation of flow tube experiments with chlorine atoms. Application to the H + HCl reaction is discussed as an example.
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  • 170
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    Effect of substituents in the gas-phase elimination kinetics of β-substituted ethyl acetates (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 561-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of gas-phase elimination of 3-methyl-1-butyl acetate and 3,3-dimethyl-1-butyl acetate into acetic acid and the corresponding substituted butenes have been measured over the temperature range of 360-420°C and the pressure range of 63-250 Torr. The reactions are homogeneous in both clean and seasoned vessels, obey first-order law, and are unimolecular. The temperature dependence of the rate constants is given by the Arrhenius equation3-methyl-1-butyl acetate: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {log k(sec}^{{ - 1}} {) = (12}{.73 } \pm { 0}{.29) - (202}{.5 } \pm { 3}{.8) kJ/mol/2}{.303}RT $$\end{document}3,3-dimethyl-1-butyl acetate: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {log k(sec}^{{ - 1}} {) = (12}{.34 } \pm { 0}{.35) - (194}{.1 } \pm { 4}{.2) kJ/mol/2}{.303}RT $$\end{document} The points in a plot of log (k/k0) of β-alkyl and several β-substituted ethyl acetates against Es values appear aligned in an approximate linear relationship. These results may be interpreted as a consequence of steric effects, namely, steric accelerations.
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    Photosensitized decomposition of hydrocarbons by infrared-laser-induced energy transfers (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 595-604 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using the technique of CO2 laser photosensitized decomposition, ethane and propane decomposition was investigated in relation to energy transfer from an SF6 photosensitizer to the hydrocarbon. The end products appearing in the course of irradiation are similar to those formed during classical thermal pyrolysis. The energy transfer from SF6 to the hydrocarbon is closely related to hydrocarbon decomposition. A similar overall kinetic behavior for the two alcanes allows the use of a general diffusional kinetic treatment, provided pressure, intensity, and duration of irradiation are well defined.
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  • 172
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    Kinetics of the reaction HO2 + NO2(+M) = HO2NO2 using molecular modulation spectrometry (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 635-648 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Rate constants for the reaction HO2 + NO2(+ M) = HO2NO2(+ M) have been obtained from direct observations of the HO2 radical using the technique of molecular modulation ultraviolet spectrometry. HO2 was generated by periodic photolysis of Cl2 in the presence of excess H2 and O2, and k1 was determined from the measured concentrations and lifetime of HO2 with NO2 present. k1 increased with pressure in the range of 40-600 Torr, and a simple energy transfer model gave the following limiting second- and third-order rate constants at 283 K: k1∞ = 1.5 ± 0.5 × 10-12 cm3/molec·sec and k1III = 2.5 ± 0.5 × 10-31 cm6/molec·sec. The ultraviolet absorption spectrum of peroxynitric acid was also recorded in the range of 195-265 nm; it showed a broad feature with a maximum at 200 nm, σmax = 4.4 × 10-18 cm2.
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    The kinetics and the mechanism of the thermal decomposition of bis-pentafluorosulfurtrioxide (SF5OOOSF5) (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 613-619 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The thermal decomposition of SF5O3SF5 has been investigated between 5 and 25°C. In the presence of sufficient high pressures of O2 the only products formed are SF5O2SF5 and O2: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm SF}_5 {\rm O}_3 {\rm SF}_5 { } \to { SF}_{5} {O}_{2} {SF}_{5} { + (}{\raise0.5ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle {1}$} \kern-0.1em/\kern-0.15em\lower0.25ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle {2}$}}{) O}_{2} {, }\Delta n{ = }{\raise0.5ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle {1}$} \kern-0.1em/\kern-0.15em \lower0.25ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 2$}} $$\end{document} The reaction is homogeneous. Its rate is strictly first order with respect to the trioxide pressure and independent of the total pressure of the reaction products and of oxygen above a certain limiting pressure: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ - \frac{{{\rm d}[{\rm SF}_5 {\rm O}_3 {\rm SF}_5 ]}}{{{\rm dt}}}{ = + }\frac{{{\rm d}[{\rm SF}_5 {\rm O}_2 {\rm SF}_5 ]}}{{{\rm dt}}}{ = 2}\frac{{{dp}}}{{{\rm dt}}}{ = k[SF}_{5} {O}_{3} {SF}_{5} {]} $$\end{document} The experimental results can be explained with the following mechanism: In the presence of O2 〉 100 Torr the concentration of SF5 is insignificantly small. Therefore reactions (5) and (6) do not have to be considered any more, and steps (2) and (2′) will be of no importance. From reactions (1)-(4) it follows: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ - \frac{{d[{\rm SF}_{\rm 5} {\rm O}_{\rm 3} {\rm SF}_{\rm 5} ]}}{{dt}} = + \frac{{d[{\rm SF}_{\rm 5} {\rm O}_{\rm 2} {\rm SF}_{\rm 5} ]}}{{dt}} = k_1 \frac{{[{\rm SF}_{\rm 5} {\rm O}_{\rm 3} {\rm SF}_{\rm 5} ]}}{{1 + k'_1 (1/2k_3 k_4 )^{1/2} }}k({\rm sec}^{{\rm - 1}}) = k_1 /\left[ {1 + k'_1 \left({\frac{1}{{2k_3 k_4 }}} \right)^{1/2} } \right] = 10^{16.06 \pm 0.37} {\rm exp( - 26,000} \pm {\rm 500}\,{\rm cal)/1}{\rm .987 }T $$\end{document}The numerical value of the factor [1 + (k′12/2k3k4)1/2] is small. It can be estimated that E3 ≃ 2 ± 1 kcal; therefore, E - E1 ≤ 1 kcal, and D (SF5O—O2SF5) = (26 - 1) ± 1.0 kcal.
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    Pyrolytic production of Se (3P) from carbon diselenide. II. Rate of CSe2 decay (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 1109-1130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Pyrolytic decay of carbon diselenide was monitored by ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy in reflected shock waves in the temperature range of 1600-2600°K. The temperature dependence of the absorption coefficient of CSe2 at 2308 Å was determined and was used to provide kinetic information along with a deconvolution procedure which accounted for and removed systematic distortions of the fast time-resolved absorbance profile. For temperatures of 1600-2600°K and argon densities of 1.5-7.0 × 10-5 mol/cm3 dilute (1.0-9.0 × 10-9 mol/cm3) CSe2 pyrolyzed with measured first-order decay rates in the range of log10 k1 (sec-1) = 3.0-5.7; at midrange (2100°K and 4.3 × 10-5 mol/cm3 in Ar) k1 ≈ 3 × 104 sec-1. The decay probably occurs via a unimolecular low-pressure process, first order in both CSe2 and Ar, for which k2 ± 109 cm3/mol·sec at 2100°K. The deconvoluted data yield Arrhenius activation energies of 53.2 kcal/mol under second-order treatment, but the activation energy is less reliable than the general magnitude of the rate constant. A comparison of CSe2 with other molecules which are isoelectronic in their valence shells (CO2, CS2, OCS, and N2O) is made.
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    Sensitivity and uncertainty of reaction mechanisms for photochemical air pollution (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 1137-1162 
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    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A sensitivity/uncertainty analysis is performed on a mechanism describing the chemistry of the polluted troposphere. General features of the photochemical reaction system are outlined together with an assessment of the uncertainties associated with the formulations of mechanistic details and rate data. The combined effects of sensitivity and uncertainty are determined using the Fourier amplitude sensitivity test (FAST) method. The results of this analysis identify the key parameters influencing the chemistry of NO2, O3, and PAN. Based on these findings, a series of recommendations are made for future experimental kinetic studies.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550111102
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  • 176
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    Redox kinetics of metal complexes in nonaqueous solutions. V. Kinetics and mechanism of the iron (II) reduction of the acetylacetonates of manganese (III) and cobalt (III) in acetonitrile (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 741-756 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electron transfer step of the reduction of Mn(acac)3 and Co(acac)3 by Fe(II) in acetonitrile is preceded by the one-ended dissociation of an acac ligand and the formation of a binuclear bridged complex. After the electron transfer has taken place through the bridging ligand, the complex dissociates into the products M(acac)2 (M = Mn, Co) and Fe(acac)2+. These primary reaction products could not be identified, since the transfer of acac from M(acac)2 to Fe(acac)2+ is too rapid, producing ultimately Fe(acac)3 and M2+. The M(III)-oxygen cleavage is accelerated by M(acac)2. Furthermore, the dissociation of the binuclear intermediate is catalyzed by the M(acac)3 reactant. Mn(acac)3 is reduced more than a thousand times faster than Co(acac)3.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550110707
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  • 177
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    Masthead (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550111201
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  • 178
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    Addition of trichloromethyl radicals to tetrachloroethylene (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 1263-1269 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The gamma-radiation-induced free-radical chain reactions in liquid CCl4—C2Cl4—c—C6H12 mixtures were studied in the temperature range of 363-448°K. The main products in this system are chloroform, hexachloropropene and chlorocyclohexane. These products are formed via reactions (1)-(5): with G values (molec/100 eV) of the order of magnitude of 102 and 103 at the lowest and highest temperatures, respectively. Values of k2/k1 were determined from the product distribution. In turn, these values gave the following Arrhenius expression for k2/k1 (θ = 2.303RT, in kcal/mol): \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm log }\,k_2 /k_1 = ( - 1.21 + 0.10) + (1.59 \pm 0.27)/\theta $$\end{document} From this result and the previously determined Arrhenius parameters of reaction (1), k2 is found to be given by \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm log }\,k_2 (1/{\rm mol} \cdot {\rm sec) = 7}{\rm .58 - 9}{\rm .49/}\theta $$\end{document}.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 179
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    Comments on the paper “reaction between nitrous acid and hydrogen peroxide in perchloric acid medium” (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 339-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: No Absract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550110310
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  • 180
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    Bimolecular self-reactions of phenyl-substituted phenoxyl radicals studied by flash photolysis (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 357-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Rate, equilibrium, and thermodynamic data for reaction (1) of 2,6-diphenyl-4R-phenoxyl radicals, where R==OCH3 (I), Ph (II), OC2H5 (III), O-n-C18H37 (IV), and 2,6-dicyclohexyl-4-phenylphenoxyl radical (V), in various solvents are obtained. The k1 values of radicals I to V are within (5.5 ± 1.0) × 107-(1.4 ± 0.3) × 109M-1·sec-1 in propanol. The solvent effect on k1 for radicals I and II was studied. The dimerization of radical I is diffusion-controlled in all solvent studies. The dimerization of radical II is viscosity-dependent but not diffusion-controlled. Plots of k1 against ET have a V shape. Specific solvent-solute interactions are seeming to be responsible for numerical k1 values of radicals I and II. The solvent effect is more pronounced for “slow” dimerization of radicals II than for “fast” dimerization of radicals I. The minimum k1 values correspond to pyridine and chloroform. The reaction (1) rate strongly depends upon the composition of a chloroform (S)-cosolvent binary mixture. Besides reaction (1) the following reactions proceed in binary mixture: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ K_{14} = 0.18 \pm 0.05M^{ - 1},k_{15} = (2.0 \pm 1.0) \times 10^8 M^{ - 1} \cdot \sec ^{ - 1} $$\end{document} (radical I, S-CCL4 mixture) \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ K_{14} = 0.9 \pm 0.2M^{ - 1},k_{15} = (1.2 \pm 0.5) \times 10^7 M^{ - 1} \cdot \sec ^{ - 1} $$\end{document}(radical II, S-C6H14 mixture) \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ K_{14} = 0.45 \pm 0.10M^{ - 1},k_{15} = (9.0 \pm 2.0) \times 10^6 M^{ - 1} \cdot \sec ^{ - 1} $$\end{document}(radical II, S-CCL4 mixture)In all cases k16 ≪ k15. Factors influencing dimerization rates in strongly nonideal mixtures CH3OH-CCL4 and CH3OH-CHCl3 are discussed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550110403
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  • 181
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    Kinetics of cerium (IV) oxidation of mandelic acid. Ionic strength and specific cation effects (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 415-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of the redox reaction between mandelic acid (MA) and ceric sulfate have been studied in aqueous sulfuric acid solutions and in H2SO4—MClO4 (M+ = H+, Li+, Na+) and H2SO4—MHSO4 (M+ = Li+, Na+, K+) mixtures under various experimental conditions of total electrolyte concentration (that is, ionic strength) and temperature. The oxidation reaction has been found to occur via two paths according to the following rate law: rate = k[MA] [Ce(IV)], where k = k1 + k2/(1 + a)2[HSO4-]2 = k1 + k2/(1 + 1/a)2[SO42-]2, a being a constant. The cations considered exhibit negative specific effects upon the overall oxidation rate following the order H+ ≤ Li+ 〈 Na+ 〈 K+. The observed negative cation effects on the rate constant k1 are in the order Na+ 〈 Li+ 〈 H+, whereas the order is in reverse for k2, namely, H+ ≤ Li+ 〈 Na+. Lithium and hydrogen ions exhibit similar medium effects only when relatively small amounts of electrolytes are replaced. The type of the cation used does not affect significantly the activation parameters.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550110407
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  • 182
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    Evidence for production of the hydroxycarbonyl radical in the decomposition of formic acid on platinum (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 445-449 
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    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Formic acid molecules highly diluted in argon were passed through a clean platinum screen at 420-730 K and condensed onto an 8-K CsI window. The well-known decomposition products, CO2, CO, and H2O, were observed in the infrared spectra of the resulting matrices. In addition, new absorptions which are attributed to the OCOH free radical were also observed. Experiments with partially deuterated formic acids confirmed that the carbon-hydrogen bond of the formic acid was lost in the formation of the new intermediate species. The activation energy for CO2 production, Ea = 3.5 ± 0.2 kcal/mol, was determined by monitoring its appearance rate at several different catalyst temperatures.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550110409
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  • 183
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    Masthead (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550110401
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  • 184
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    Disproportionation-to-combination ratios for cyclohexyl-h11 and -d11 radicals in the gas phase as determined by the radiolysis of water vapor-cyclohexane mixtures (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 345-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In the radiolysis of water vapor containing small concentrations of cyclohexane, the principal products which account for about 98% of all end products are found to be hydrogen, cyclohexene, and bicyclohexyl. Cyclohexene and bicyclohexyl yields were determined over a range of temperatures (70-200°C), total pressures (50-2400 torr), and total doses (0.15-2.0 Mrad). The disproportionation-combination ratio kdH/kcH for c-C6H11 radicals could be determined as 0.56 ± 0.01 from the ratio of cyclohexene to bicyclohexyl yield. By using c-C6D12, the ratio kdD/kcD for c-C6D11 radicals is found to be 0.38 ± 0.01. Comparison of the reactivity pattern of C6H11 and C6D11 radicals leads to (kdH)/(kcH)/(kdD/kcD) = 1.47 ± 0.02. The corresponding values for the reactions of c-C6H11 with c-C6D11 were also determined.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550110402
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  • 185
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    A simple preparation of stable, nonreactive surfaces for gas kinetic studies of reactions of hydrogen atoms (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 411-413 
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    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A quartz surface has been prepared for which γ, the mean collisional efficiency for removal of hydrogen atoms, is given by \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ 10^4 \gamma = 0.78 \pm 0.30 $$\end{document} over the temperature range from 315 to 818 K. The preparation “cleans” the surface by contact with 10M aqueous NaOH for ˜ 15 hr and then deactivates it by contact with 10M aqueous HNO3 for ˜15 hr. The surface is stable and long-lived even after prolonged contact with air. Preliminary results show that a similar result can be obtained using Pyrex glass surfaces.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550110406
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  • 186
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    Automatic sensitivity analysis of kinetic mechanisms (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 427-444 
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    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An algorithm for the automatic sensitivity analysis of kinetic mechanisms based on the Fourier amplitude sensitivity test (FAST) method of Shuler and co-workers is reported. The algorithm computes a measure of the relative sensitivity of each concentration to each parameter of interest, such as rate constants, Arrhenius parameters, stoichiometric coefficients, and initial concentrations. Arbitrary variations in the magnitude of the parameters are allowable. The algorithm is illustrated for the simple example of computing the sensitivity of the concentration of species A to variation of the two Arrhenius parameters for the hypothetical reaction A + A →.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550110408
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  • 187
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    The interpretation of pressure-dependent very-low-pressure pyrolysis experiments (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 317-331 
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    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Unimolecular rate data from systems such as very-low-pressure pyrolysis (steady-state flow) and static experiments where gas-gas collisions compete with gas-wall collisions must be interpreted in terms of reactant inhomogeneity arising from finite diffusion rates, rather than using the usual assumption of a well-stirred reactor. An integrodifferential equation describing this process is derived, and a numerical variational solution applicable to weak gas-gas collisions is presented. This gives a powerful method for obtaining collisional energy transfer probabilities from such experiments. Previously reported data (on cyclobutane and cycloheptatriene reactions) are reinterpreted to give conventional values for average energy transfer, replacing the anomalously low collisional efficiencies proposed previously.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550110308
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  • 188
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    A new mechanism for the reaction of ozone with olefins (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 399-410 
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    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A mechanism for ozone-olefin reactions is developed that is consistent with the recent findings of several investigations. These findings suggest a reaction sequence leading to the production of fewer free radical species than has been assumed in the past. Computer simulations using the new mechanism reproduce experimental results obtained from the ozonolysis of propylene in air.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550110405
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  • 189
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    Anionic σ-complexes from sulfite ion attack on n-methyl-N-β-hydroxyethyl picramide and its spiro complex. Search for geometric isomerism in 1:2 complexes. An instructive example of complex kineticsThis is part 20 in the series “Intermediates in Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution.” Part 19: C. F. Bernasconi and J. R. Gandler, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 100, 8117 (1978). (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 375-397 
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    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: N-Methyl-N-β-hydroxyethyl picramide (PH) forms a 1:1 (PHS2-) and a 1:2 (PHS24-) anionic σ-complex with sulfite ion. In alkaline solution PH is present mainly in the form of its spiro Meisenheimer complex (M-) which also adds sulfite ion to form a complex MS3-. Rate and equilibrium constants for the various reactions which interrelate the five species PH, PHS2-, PHS24-, M-, and MS3- (scheme I) were determined. PHS24- and MS3- can, in principle, exist in the form of two geometric isomers. Despite a careful search by nuclear magnetic resonance and kinetic techniques, no experimental manifestation of this isomerism could be found. Various limiting situations are discussed under which the absence of experimental evidence does or does not exclude the presence of two isomers. Our preferred but unproven interpretation is that in the case of PHS24- one isomer (trans?) is thermodynamically strongly favored over the other, whereas in the case of MS3- both isomers are of similar thermodynamic stability and have also similar rates. This latter feature would make the isomerism kinetically undetectable. Several other features of scheme I make it an instructive example in complex chemical kinetics.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550110404
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  • 190
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    Rate constants for the termination of benzyl radicals in solution (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 705-713 
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    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The rate constant for the bimolecular combination of benzyl radicals in cyclohexane and toluene is determined as a function of temperature. Further, it is studied in cyclohexane-toluene mixtures of different compositions. In the entire range covered, 9.8 × 108 ≤ 2kt ≤ 9.0 × 109M-1·sec-1, the data are very well described by the Smoluchowski equation for a diffusion-controlled reaction to ground-state products using a spin statistical factor of 1/4, a temperature- and solvent-independent reaction distance, and the known diffusion coefficient of toluene.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550110704
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  • 191
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    The thermal reactions of ethylene at 500°C in the presence and absence of small quantities of oxygen (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 757-774 
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    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Initial rates of formation of primary products have been measured in the pyrolysis of ethylene at 500°C, and a mechanism for the reaction is proposed based on the isomerization of the n-hexyl radical. Additions of oxygen in amounts less than 0.1% markedly increased the rate of formation of all products, but oxygen was not completely consumed in the reaction. It is shown that secondary initiation processes are important at very low conversions, and butene-1 is the most reactive product. Bimolecular reactions between olefins and with oxygen are important steps in the mechanism.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550110708
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  • 192
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    Masthead (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550110801
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  • 193
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    Kinetics and mechanism of palladium (II) chloride catalyzed oxidation of allyl alcohol by potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 813-819 
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    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A kinetic study of the oxidation of allyl alcohol by potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) in the presence of palladium (II) chloride is reported. The reaction was observed by measuring the disappearance of the potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) spectrophotometrically. The reaction is first order with respect to allyl alcohol and palladium (II) chloride, inverse second order with respect to [Cl-], and zero order with respect to potassium hexacyanoferrate (III). The rate is found to increase linearly with hydroxyl ion concentration.
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  • 194
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    The reaction of CH3O2 with SO2 (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 907-914 
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    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mixtures of Cl2, CH4, and O2 were flash photolyzed at room temperature and pressures of ∽60-760 Torr to produce CH3O2. The CH3O2 radicals decay by the second-order process with k6 = (3.7 ± 0.3) × 10-13 cm3/sec in good agreement with other studies. This value ignores any removal by secondary radicals produced as a result of reaction (6), and therefore the true value might be as much as 30% lower. The value is independent of total pressure or the presence of H2O vapor. With SO2 also present, the CH3O2 decay becomes pseudo first order at sufficiently high SO2 pressure which indicates the reaction The value of (8.2 ± 0.5) × 10-15 cm3/sec at about 1 atm total pressure (mostly CH4) was found for CH3O2 removal by SO2, in good agreement with another recent measurement. This value can be equated with k1, unless the products rapidly remove another CH3O2 radical, in which case k1 would be a factor of 2 smaller.
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  • 195
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    Masthead (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550110901
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  • 196
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    A quantitative study of alkyl radical reactions by kinetic spectroscopy III. Absorption spectrum and rate constants of mutual interaction for the ethyl radical (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 995-1005 
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    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Intrinsic spectral and kinetic parameters have been measured for the ethyl radical, which was formed in the gas phase by the flash photolysis of azoethane. Absolute values of the extinction coefficient ε(λ) were derived from complementary measurements of the yield of nitrogen and the absorbance of an equivalent concentration of the ethyl radical. The absorption spectrum is broad, structureless, and comparatively weak; ε(247) = 4.8 × 102 l/mol·cm at the maximum, and the oscillator strength is (9.1 ± 0.5) × 10-3. This is in good qualitative agreement with a spectrum obtained independently using the technique of molecular modulation spectrometry.The biomolecular reactions of mutual interaction were the only significant reactions of the ethyl radical in this system; kinetic analysis of the second-order decline of the absorbance during the dark period yielded a value of k/ε(λ) for each experiment. The rate constant for mutual interaction was evaluated from the product of corresponding measurements of k/ε(λ) and ε(λ) individual values are independent of the wavelength of measurement, and the mean value is k = (1.40 ± 0.27) × 1010 l/mol·sec. The rate constant for mutual combination was derived with the aid of product analysis as k2 = (1.24 ± 0.23) × 1010 l/mol·sec; it stands in close agreement with the set of “high” values obtained by direct measurement using a variety of methods.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550110906
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  • 197
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    Combination and disproportionation reactions of allylic radicals with ethyl, propyl, and t-Butyl Radicals (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 1055-1069 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1-Methylallyl, 1,1-dimethylallyl, 1,2-dimethylallyl, 1,3-dimethylallyl, 1,1,2-trimethylallyl, and 1-ethylallyl radicals have been generated in the gas phase at 20 ± 1°C by addition of H atoms, formed by Hg(63P1) photosensitization of H2, to appropriate dienes. Their combination reactions with ethyl radicals have been studied and the relative reactivities of the reaction centers in each allylic radical determined. Similar measurements have been made for some combination reactions of n-propyl, i-propyl, and t-butyl with 1-methylallyl and 1,1,2-trimethylallyl radicals. The more substituted reaction centers are found to be the less reactive. In addition the self-combination and disproportionation of 1-methylallyl radicals has been investigated, as has cross disproportionation of each allylic radical with ethyl. The results establish a general pattern of reactivity for these radicals, which is interpreted primarily in terms of the effects of steric interaction during reaction.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550111004
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  • 198
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    Reaction of methoxy radicals with oxygen. I. Using dimethyl peroxide as a thermal source of methoxy radicals (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 1045-1053 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using dimethyl peroxide as a thermal source of methoxy radicals overthe temperature range of 110-160°C, and the combination of methoxy radicals and nitrogen dioxide as a reference reaction: a value was determined of the rate constant for the reaction of methoxy radicals with oxygen: is independent of nitrogen dioxide or oxygen concentration and added inert gas (carbon tetrafluoride). No heterogeneous effects were detected. The value of k4 is given by the expression \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm log }k_4 {\rm = 9}{\rm .0} \pm {\rm 0}{\rm .6 - 4}{\rm .8 } \pm {\rm 1}{\rm .1/}\theta {\rm (M}^{{\rm - 1}} \cdot \sec ^{ - 1}) $$\end{document} In terms of atmospheric chemistry, this corresponds to a value of 105.6 M-1·sec-1 at 298 K. Extrapolation to temperatures where the combustion of organic compounds has been studied (813 K) produces a value of 107.7 M-1·sec-1 for k4. Under these conditions, reaction (4) competes with hydrogen abstraction or disproportionation reactions of the methoxy radical and its decomposition (3): In particular k3 is in the falloff region under these conditions. It is concluded that reaction (4) takes place as the result of a bimolecular collision process rather than via the formation of a cyclic complex.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550111003
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  • 199
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    A Program package using stiff, sparse integration methods for the automatic solution of mass action kinetics equations (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 1097-1108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A portable program package, MACKSIM, for mass action chemical kinetics simulation, is discussed. As these kinetics are readily expressed in explicit mathematical terms, such a package contains two major and distinct modules, the numerical analysis and the user interface. For the first, MACKSIM uses the latest proven developments incorporating sparse matrix techniques in the backward difference predictor corrector methods originated by Gear for the integration of stiff ordinary differential equations, and thus requires minimal computing time to solve large systems of equations. For the second, the program provides a flexible interface which permits simple specification and variation of reactions, requires no special character input, and has no limit on the number of reactions or species involved other than that imposed by the size of the computer. The technology of these components is discussed briefly, the use of the package for standard reactions is illustrated, and current applications are mentioned.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550111008
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  • 200
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    The detailed mechanism of the Dushman reaction explored by computer (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 11 (1979), S. 693-703 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Since 1926 investigations of the Dushman reaction have relied mainly upon “constant-rate” measurements, usually by instrumental methods. Since about that time, the confusion surrounding this venerable reaction has been growing. In part, the confusion arises because the reaction involves reactive intermediate species that have not been studied directly - and may never be. Alternative detailed mechanisms have been assumed with little restraint. One of these, which is built around H2I2O3, has been explored by computer with promising results. The mechanism seems capable of reducing the confusion now attending the Dushman reaction and others related to it.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550110703
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