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  • 1975-1979  (8,106)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (3,763)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (3,091)
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  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stoffwechselprodukte von Mikroorganismen, 172. Isolierung des Antibioticums semi-Vioxanthin aus Penicillium citreo-viride und Synthese des Xanthomegnins (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 957-978 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Metabolic Products of Microorganism, 172. Isolation of the Antibiotic semi-Vioxanthin from Penicillium citreo-viride and Synthesis of XanthomegninBesides xanthomegnin (16 b), 3,4-dehydroxanthomegnin (29a), viomellein (23) and vioxanthin (3) from Penicillium citreo-viride under different culture conditions semi-vioxanthin (7) was isolated. Structure 7 has been established by its spectra and the fact that oxidation with Fremy's salt gives 3,4,6,9-tetrahydro-10-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-methyl-1,6,9-trioxo-1H-naphtho[2,3-c]pyran (9a = semi-xanthomegnin). -9c, prepared by demethylation of 9a, was dimerized by potassium peroxydisulfate/sodium hydroxide and methylated, giving 16b. Synthetic 16b and authentic xanthomegnin were identical, which verifies the structure revised by Höfle and Röser9) and shows, that the dyes of the xanthomegnin series are biogenetically homogenous. - The metabolic products of the strain inhibit the growth of bacteria. 16b and 26 furthermore have an effect against insects.
    Notes: Neben Xanthomegnin (16b), 3,4-Dehydroxanthomegnin (29 a), Viomellein (23) und Vioxanthin (3) wurde aus Penicillium citreo-viride unter veränderten Kulturbedingungen semi-Vioxanthin (7) isoliert. Konstitution 7 folgt aus den Spektren und dem Befund, daß mit Fremy-Salz 3,4,6,9-Tetrahydro-10-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-methyl-1,6,9-trioxo-1H-naphtho[2.3-c]pyran (9a = semi-Xanthomegnin) entsteht. - Das durch Entmethylierung von 9a zugängliche 9c ließ sich mit Kaliumpersulfat/Natriumhydroxid zu 16a dimerisieren, das zu 16b methyliert wurde. Synthetisches 16b war mit nativem Xanthomegnin identisch, was die von Höfle und Röser9) revidierte Konstitution bestätigt und beweist, daß die Farbstoffe der Xanthomegnin-Reihe biogenetisch einheitlich sind. - Die Stoffwechselprodukte des Stammes hemmen das Wachstum von Bakterien, 16b und 23 wirken ferner gegen Insekten.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791120319
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mikrobiologische Umwandlung von Steroiden, XVI. Synthese von 11β, 21-Dihydroxy-6, 16α-dimethyl-1,4,6,-pregnatrien-3,20-dion und dessen 11-Ketoverbindung (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 979-989 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Microbial Transformations of Steroids XVI. Synthesis of 11β,21-Dihydroxy-6, 16α-dimethyl-1,4,6-pregnatriene-3,20-dione and of its 11-Keto Compound21-Acetoxy-5α,6α-epoxy-3β-hydroxy-6β16α-dimethyl-20-pregnanone (3a), prepared from 3β-hydroxy-6, 16α-dimethyl-5-pregnen-20-one (1) by epoxidation and chemical introduction of the 21-acetoxy group, was oxidized to 6α,21-dihydroxy-6β,16α-dimethyl-4-pregnene-3,20-dione (4) by Flavobacterium dehydrogenans and dehydrated to the 3-keto-4,6-diene 5. The 11β-hydroxy group was introduced by Curvularia lunata to give 6, and the 11α-hydroxy group by Aspergillus ochraceus to yield 8. Both compounds were dehydrogenated with Bacillus lentus to from 7 and 9. The 11α-hydroxy compound 9 was selectively acetylated to 10, which was oxidize to 11. This on saponification yielded 12.
    Notes: 21-Acetoxy-5α,6α-epoxy-3β-hydroxy-6β,16α-dimethyl-20-pregnanon (3a), dargestellt aus 3β-Hydroxy-6, 16α-dimethyl-5-pregnen-20-on (1) durch Epoxidierung und 21-Acetoxylierung, wurde mit Flavobacterium dehydrogenans zu 6α,21-Dihydroxy-6β, 16α, -dimethyl-4-pregnen-3,20-dion (4) oxidiert und zu 21-Hydroxy-6, 16α-dimethyl-4,6-pregnadien-3,20-dion (5) dehydratisiert. Mit Curvularia lunata wurde die 11β-Hydroxygruppe eingeführt zu 6, während Aspergillus ochraceus die entsprechende 11α-Hydroxyverbindung 8 ergab. Beide Verbindungen wurden mit Bacillus lentus zu 7 bzw. 9 dehydriert. Die 11α-Hydroxyverbindung 9 wurde nach selektiver Acetylierung der 21-Hydroxygruppe zu 10 zum 11-Keton 11 oxidiert, dessen Verseifung 12 ergab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791120320
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neue Synthesen mit Diazodiketonen, IV. Cyclische S-Oxide (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 1012-1022 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: New Syntheses with diazodiketones, VI. Cyclic S-OxidesThe S-oxides 4 of 3,4-dihydro-1,2,3-oxathiazines and 5 of 1,2-oxazetidines are prepared a) by thermolyzing diazodiketones 1 with N-Sulfinylamines 3; b) by condensing the 2-acylacetamides 6 which are readily accessible from 1, with thionyl chloride in the presence of a basic catalyst. From 6, the aminoacrylamides 7 are obtained. These react with thionyl chloride according to the base employed, to afford either the monocyclic 3,6-dihydro-1,2,6-thiadiazine-S-osides 10 or the 4-amino-quinolines 8, presumably via the intermediacy of an imine 9. - The introduction of the SO group into (hetero)cyclic iminocarboxamides, diamines or aminophenols give rise to the S-oxides 13 of condensed thiadieazines, 15a-c of benzothiadiazole, or 15d of benzoxathiazole, respectively.
    Notes: Die 3,4-Dihydro-1,2,3-oxathiazin- 4 und 1,2-Oxazetidin-S-oxide 5 werden a) durch Thermolyse der Diazodiketone 1 mit N-Sulfinylaminen 3 b) durch basenkatalysierte Kondensation der aus 1 leicht zugänglichen 2-Acylacetamide 6 mit Thionylchlorid hergestellt. Aus 6 weden die Aminoacrylamide 7 erhalten. Diese reagieren mit Thionylchlorid je nach der verwendeten Base entweder zu monocyclischen 3,6-Dihydro-1,2,6-thiadiazin-S-oxiden 10 oder über eine Imidoylketenimin Zwischenstufe 9 zu den 4-Aminochinolinen 8. - Der SO-Einbau mittels Thionylchlorid in (hetero)-cyclische Iminocarboxamide, Diamine und Aminophenole führt zu den S-oxiden 13 kondensierter Thiadiazine, 15a-c des Benzothiadiazols bzw. 15d des Benzoxathiazols.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791120323
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen zur Modifizierung der Mannobiose und Synthese von Methyl-4-O-β-D-rhamnosyl-α-D-olivosid (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 1035-1045 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Studies on the Modification of Mannobiose and Synthesis of Methyl 4-O-β-D-Rhamnosyl-α-D-OlivosideBy acid-catalyzed reaction of α-mannobiose octaacetate (2) with trichloroethanol or phenol the glycosides 6 or 9a, and with hydrogen bromide/acetic acid the glycosyl bromide 3 are obtained. Koenigs-Knorr reaction of 3 with methanol of benzyl alcohol yields the orthester derivatives 7a or 7b, respectively. Mannobial hexaacetate 8 is obtained from 3 an d transformed into 12a by iodomethoxylation. The selective tosylations of 9b or 12b in the 6- and 6′ -positions yields the ditosylates 10 or 13a, which in turn give the corresponding diiodo compounds 11a or 5a, respectively. By subsequent reduction using nickel chloride/sodium borohydride the syntheses of the glycosides 14 and 17b of 4-O-(β-D-rhamnopyranosyl)-α-D-rhamnopyranose or 4-O-(β-D-rhamnopyranosyl)-α-D-olivopyranose, respectively, are achieved. All new compounds are characterized by peracetates, and their structural assignment is confirmed from their NMR spectra.
    Notes: α-Mannobiose-octaacetat (2) läßt sich sauer katalysiert mit Trichlorethanol oder Phenol zu den Glycosiden 6 bzw. 9a oder mit Bromwasserstoff in Eisessig zum Glycosylbromid 3 umsetzen. Koenigs- Knorr-Reaktion von 3 mit Methanol oder Benzylalkohol ergibt die Orthoester 7a bzw. 7b. Aus 3 wird Mannobial-hexaacetat 8 gewonnen und zu 12a iodmethoxyliert. 9b bzw. 12b lassen sich selektiv in 6- und 6′- Position zu 10 bzw. 13a tosylieren und anschließend in die entsprechenden Iodide 11a bzw. 15a überführen. Deren Reduktion mit Nickelchlorid/Natriumboranat in Ethanol erlaubt die Darstellung der Glycoside 14 and 17b von 4-O-(β-D- Rhamnopyranosyl)-α-D-rhamno-pyranose bzw. 4-O-0(β-D-Rhamnopysanosyl)-α-D-olivopyranose. Alle Syntheseprodukte werden durch Peracetate charakterisiert und strukturell an Hand der NMR-Spektren zugeordnet.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791120325
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthese, Strukturaufklärung und Konformationsuntersuchungen 1→4-verknüpfter Disaccharidglycoside vom 2,3-Anhydro-4-O-(hex-2-enopyranosyl)-α-D-allopyranosid-Typ (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 1023-1034 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis, Structure Elucidation, and Conformational Studies of 1→4-Linked Disaccharide Glycosides of the 2,3-Anhydro-4-O-(hex-2-enopyranosyl)-α-D-allopyranoside TypeTriacetyl-D-glucal (1) or tetraacetyl-2-hydroxy-D-glucal (6) and 2,3-anhydro-α-D-allopyranosides 2 or 7, respectively, undergo smooth acid-catalyzed allylic rearrangement reactions to yield the crystalline α-linked disaccharide derivatives 4, 5, and 9 with hex-2-enopyranosyl structure in the non-reducing rings in good yields. By hydrogenation of 4 and 5, 8 is obtained, in which the α-linkage can be demonstrated. X-ray analysis confirms the interglycoside α-linkage in the considerably stretched disaccharide derivative 5. Both the saccharide ring adopt SO5 sofa conformations, in which only C-5 and C-5′ ae observed significantly below the plane of the remaining ring atoms. The NMR data of 5 and 9 suggest also SO5 sofa conformation in solution. On the contrary the β-isomer 10 adopts 5SO sofa conformation which is consistent with the allylic effect.
    Notes: Durch sauer katalysierte Addition der 2,3-Anhydro-α-D-allopyranoside 2 bzw. 7 an Triacetyl-D-glucal (1) bzw. Tetraacetyl-2-hydroxy-D-glucal (6) lassen sich unter Allylumlagerung die α1→4-verknüpften Disaccharide 4, 5 und 9 mit Hex-2-enopyranosyl-Struktur im nicht-reduzierenden Saccharidring milde und in guten Ausbeuten kristallin gewinnen. Durch Hydrierung von 4 und 5 wird 8 erhalten, bei dem die interglycosidische α-Verknüpfung nachgewiesen wird. Die Röntgenstrukturanalyse von 5 bestätigt die α-Verknüpfung in dem erheblich gestreckten Disaccharidderivat. Beide Saccharidringe weisen eine SO5-Sofakonformation auf, bei der nur die Atome C-5 und C-5′ wesentlich aus der Ebene der übrigen Ringatome nach unten herausstehen. Konformationsbetrachtungen legen auch in Lösung für 5 und 9 das Vorliegen einer SO5-Sofakonformation nahe. Das interglycosidische β-Isomere 10 weist dagegen eine 5SO-Sofakonformation auf, was auf den Allyleffekt zurückgeführt werden kann.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791120324
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen zur Modifizierung der Laminaribiose und Synthese von Methyl-3-O-β-D-chinovosyl-α-D-olivosid (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 1046-1056 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Studies on the Modification of Laminaribiose and Synthesis of Methyl 3-O-β-D-Quinovosyl-α-D-olivosideLaminaribiose (2) and the peracetates 3a and b are obtained by acetolysis of laminaran or pachyman, respectively. Via formation of the bromide 5, the β-methyl (6) and β-benzyl glycosides (7a and b) as well as the glycals 9a and b are obtained in crystalline form. Iodoalkoxylations with benzyl alcohol yield the epimeric benzyl glycosides 10a and b, whereas with methanol 11a is obtained exclusively. 11b is transformed into the dibenzylidene compounds 12a-c. the reaction of which with N-bromosuccinimide leads to the formation of the 2,6,6′- trihalo derivatives 13a and b. By subsequent reduction the title compound 14b is obtained and characterized as its peracetate.
    Notes: Ausgehend von Laminaribiose (2) und ihren Peracetaten 3a und b, die durch Acetolyse von Laminaran bzw. Pachyman zugänglich sind, lassen sich über das Bromid 5 die β-Methyl- (6) und β-Benzylglycoside (7a und b) sowie die Glycale 9a und b kristallin gewinnen. Iodalkoxylierung mit Benzylalkohol gibt die epimeren Benzylglycoside 10a und b, während mit Methanol einheitlich 11a isoliert wird. Aus 11b werden die Dibenzylidenverbindungen 12a-c dargestellt, deren Öffnung mit N-Bromsuccinimid zu den 2,6,6′-Trihalogenderivaten 13a und b führt. Durch Reduktion wird daraus die Titelverbindung 14b gewonnen und als Peracetat charakterisiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791120326
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tertiäres Phosphan/Hexachlorethan als Kondensationsreagenz für die Peptidsynthese (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 1057-1063 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Tertiary Phosphane/Hexachloroethane as Condensing Agent in Peptide SynthesisThe action of tertiary phosphane/hexachloroethane on N-protected amino acids and amino acid esters is found applicable for peptide synthesis. No difficulties are found when the side chains of serine, threonine, tyrosine, asparagine and glutamine are present. By addition of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole racemisation is prohibited as indicated by the test of Anderson.
    Notes: Mit dem Dehydratisierungsreagenz tertiäres Phosphan/Hexachlorethan lassen sich N-geschützte Aminosäuren und Aminosäureester in hohen Ausbeuten zu Peptiden kondensieren. Funktionelle Gruppen in den Seitenketten von Serin, Threonin, Tyrosin, Asparagin und Glutamin werden nicht angegriffen Unter Zusatz von 1-Hydroxybenzotriazol verläuft der Anderson-Test racemisierungsfrei.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791120327
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthetische Arbeiten in der Reihe der aromatischen Erythrina-Alkaloide, XXIII. 1,7-Cyclo-cis-erythrinane (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 1110-1125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Syntheses of Aromatic Erythrina Alkaloids, XXIII. 1,7-Cyclo-cis-erythrinanesThe 1,7-cyclo-cis-erythrinane derivative 17 is formed by heating the bromo compound 13 with potassium hydroxide in diethylene glycol to 180°C. Hydrolysis of 17 yields the ketone 18 which, by reactions of the carbonyl group, is transformed into the cyclic compounds 19 - 21 and 27 - 33. The cyclopropane ring is easily cleaved by reduction to give the unsaturated lactam 10 or the saturated lactam 1. The 1,7-cyclo-cis-erythrinane structures 37 and 38 can be synthesized by way of the cyclic olefin 35.
    Notes: Durch Erhitzen der Bromverbindung 13 mit Kaliumhydroxid in Diethylenglycol auf 180°C entsteht das 1,7-Cyclo-cis-erythrinan-Derivat 17. Nach Hydrolyse zum Keton 18 erhält man durch Umwandlung der Ketogruppe die Cycloverbindungen 19 - 21 und 27 - 33. Reduzierende Bedingungen spalten den Cyclopropanring sehr leicht auf unter Bildung des Olefinlactams 10 oder des gesättigten Lactams 1. Über das Cycloolefin 35 gelingt die Darstellung von 37 und der zugehörigen Base 38 mit dem Grundgerüst der 1,7-Cyclo-cis-erythrinane.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791120407
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthetische Arbeiten in der Reihe der aromatischen Erythrina Alkaloide, XXIV. Über die Bromierungsprodukte von 15,16-Dimethoxy-cis-erythrinan-2,8-dion (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 1126-1139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Syntheses of Aromatic Erythrina Alkaloids, XXIV. On the Products of Bromination of 15,16-Dimethoxy-cis-erythrinane-2,8-dioneBromination of 1 as well as hydrolysis of 5 (with inversion at C-l) yields the bromoketolactam 2. This can be converted back to 5, again with inversion. On reduction of 2 with sodium tetrahydridoborate, the bromohydrines 11-13 and the epoxide 17 are obtained. The epimeric bromoketolactam 6 cannot be isolated, but is an intermediate in the formation of 12 and 13. 2 reacts with potassium hydroxide in methanol or ethylene glycol to give the hydroxyacetals 18 and 19, respectively. From 1 the dibromoketones 24 and 25 were prepared which exhibit unusual spectral properties.
    Notes: Das Bromketolactam 2 wird aus 1 durch Bromierung oder aus 5 durch Hydrolyse unter Umkehrung der Konfiguration an C-l erhalten. Auch die entgegengesetzte Reaktion von 2 nach 5 verläuft unter Umkehr. Mit Natriumboranat liefert 2 die Bromhydrine 11, 12, 13 und das Epoxid 17. Bei der Bildung von 12 und 13 ist wieder das selbst nicht faßbare epimere Bromketolactam 6 Zwischenprodukt. Die Umsetzung von 2 mit Kaliumhydroxid in Methanol oder Ethylenglycol führt zu den Hydroxyacetalen 18 oder 19. Die aus 1 dargestellten Dibromketone 24 und 25 haben auffallende spektroskopische Eigenschaften.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791120408
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methylschwefelpentafluorid und einige seiner Derivate (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 1140-1146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Methylsulfurpentafluoride and Some of its DerivativesMethylsulfurpentafluoride (5) was systematically synthesized, starting with SF5Cl and ketene. It is stable at room temperature against HF elimination. The reaction of SF5Cl and diketene gives compounds of the type SF5—CH2—X, but the title compound is not produced in this way.
    Notes: Methylschwefelpentafluorid (5) wurde systematisch synthetisiert, ausgehend von SF5Cl und Keten. Es ist bei Raumtemperatur stabil gegen HF-Eliminierung. Die Reaktion von SF5Cl und Diketen führt zu einer Vielzahl anderer Verbindungen des Typs SF5—CH2—X, in einfacher Weise jedoch nicht zur Titelverbindung.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791120409
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesen biologisch wichtiger Kohlenhydrate, 20. N-Acetyl-1,4-di-O-acetyl-β-DL-vancosamin (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 3273-3281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Syntheses of Biologically Important Carbohydrates, 20. N-Acetyl-1,4-di-O-acetyl-β-DL-vancosamineClaisen rearrangement of 1-methyl-2-butenyl vinyl ether (3) yields trans-3-methyl-4-hexenal (4), the ethylene acetal 5 of which is aminated with selenium and chloramine T forming a mixture of the 3-methyl-3-tosylamino- (6) and 3-methyl-6-tosylamino derivatives 7. After detosylation of 6 and N-acetylation trans-3-acetylamino-3-methyl-4-hexenal ethylene acetal (9) is cis-hydroxylated to give 10/11. Cleavage of the protecting group at C-1 and peracetylation gives n-acetyl-1,4-di-O-acetyl-β-DL -vancosamine (13). The constitution of 13 is proved by mass spectrometry and the lyxo-configuration is assigned with high probability on the basis of 1 H NMR investigation *).
    Notes: Die Claisen-Umlagerung von (1-methyl-2-butenyl)-vinyl-ether (3)liefert trans-3-Methyl-4-hexenal(4), dessen Ethylenacetal 5 mit Selen und Chloramin-T zu den 3-Methyl-3-tosylamino-(6) und 3-Methl-6-tosylamino-Derivaten 7 aminiert wird. Nach Detosylierung von 6 und N-Acetylierung wird trans-3-Acetylamino-3-methyl-4-hexenal-ethylenacetal (9) zu 10/11 cis-hydroxyliert. Abspaltung der Schutzgruppe an C-1 und Peracetylierung liefert n-Acetyl-1,4-di-O-acetyl-β-DL-vancosamin (13), dessen Konstitution durch MS bewiesen und dessen lyxo-Konfiguration durch 1 H-NMR-Untersuchungen weitgehend gesichert wird *).
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791120922
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monomere Bis[dialkylphosphonium-bis(methylid)]-Komplexe des Nickels, Palladiums und Platins (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 3311-3317 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Monomeric Bis[dialkylphosphonium bis(methylide)] Complexes of Nickel, Palladium, and PlatinumThe reaction of bis(trimethylphosphane) complexes of NiCl2 and PdCl2 with the bulky ylide CH3[(CH3)3C]2P = CH2 in a molar ratio 1:4 leads to transylidation and formation of corresponding phosphonium salt and the new ylide chelates [(CH3)3C]2P(CH2)2M(CH2)2P[(CH3)3]2; M = Ni (1); M = Pd (2). In similar experiments with PtCl2, only the salt-like half-complex [(CH3)3C]2P(CH2)2Pt[P(CH3)3]2+Cl¯ (3) is obtained. However, the reaction of the lithiated ylide with (l,5-cyclooctadiene)PtCl2 yields the missing Pt analogue of the above type (4). Contrary to the results with Pd11, Ni11 reacts with 1 -methyl- l-methylene-λ.5-phospholane and -phosphorinane to give monomeric bis-chelates of the formula CH2]nP(CH2):Ni(CH2)2:P[CH2]n; n = 4 (5): n = 5 (6). The monomeric Structure was confirmed by 1H, 13C, 31P NMR, and mass spectra, and attributed to steric effects in the case of the tert-butyl compounds. The opening of the CPC chelate angle induced by the strained ring system of the cyclic ylides appears to favour pseudo-allyl type interactions with the nickel centre.
    Notes: Die Bis(trimethylphosphan)-Komplexe von NiCl2 und PdCl2 reagieren mit dem sterisch anspruchsvollen Ylid CH3[(CH3)3C]2P≡CH2 im Molverhältnis 1:4 unter Umylidierung zum zugehörigen Phosphoniumsalz und den neuen Ylid-Chelaten [(CH3)3C]2P(CH2)2M(CH2) P[2CH3)3 M] ≡Ni (1), M = Pd (2). Mit PtCl2 entsteht dagegen bei deràrtigen Ansätzen nur der salzartige Halbkomplex [(CH3)3C]2P(CH2)2Pt[P(CH3)3]2-;Cl+ (3). Die Reaktion des lithiierten Ylids mit (l,5-Cyclooctadien)PtCI2 liefert dagegen das fehlende Pt-Analoge des obigen Typs (4). - lm Gegensatz zu den Verhältnissen bei Pd11 ergibt NiII auch mit l-Methyl-l-methylen-λ5-phospholan und -phosphorinan monomere Doppelchelate der Formel [CH2]nP(CH2)2Ni(CH2)2P[CH2]n: n = 4(5), n = 5 (6). Die Monomerstruktur wurde durch 1H. 13C, 31P-NMR- und Massenspektren gesichert und bei den tert-Butyl-Verbindungen durch sterische Effekte gedeutet. Bei den cyclischen Yliden begünstigt die starke Winkelöffnung der Chelateinheit eine Pseudo-Allylwechselwirkung mit dem Nickelzentralatom.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791121004
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    Reaktivität von Metall-Metall-Bindungen. Wiederholte Schließung und Öffnung einer Fe - Co-Bindung durch Eliminierung und Addition (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 3390-3412 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactivity of Metal-Metal Bonds. Repeated Formation and Cleavage of a Fe - Co Bond by Elimination and AdditionIn arsenic-bridged dinuclear metal carbonyl complexes the sequence of formation and cleavage of the metal-metal bond by elimination of CO and addition of a phosphine ligand is repeatable. Starting from (CO)4Fe -AsMe2 - Co(CO)4 it can be performed four times in a row. The ligand which in each case is introduced at the cobalt atom can be transferred to the iron atom by isomerisation in complexes with and without metal-metal bonds. With Pme3 and P(OMe)3 as phosphines and up to the introduction of three ligands thus 44 different complexes are possible of which 35 were isolated (scheme 1). By side reactions or for the purpose of comparisons further complexes with chain-like arrangements of metal and P or As atoms were obtained. When four ligands are introduced the elimination/addition scheme reaches a natural limit since then phosphine elimination is preferred to CO elimination. The described sequences can be understood as basic patterns of catalytic activity by opening of metal-metal bonds.
    Notes: In arsenverbrückten Metallcarbonyl-Zweikernkomplexen ist die Sequenz von Bildung und Lösung der Metall-Metall-Bindung durch Eliminierung von CO und Addition eines Phosphanliganden wiederholbar. Ausgehend von (CO)4Fe-AsMe2-Co(CO)4 läßt sie sich viermal hintereinander durchführen. Der jeweils am Cobaltatom eingeführte Ligand kann in Komplexen mit und ohne Metall-Metall-Bindung durch Isomerisierung auch auf das Eisenatom übertragen werden. Mit PME3 und P(OMe)3 als Phosphanen sind so bis zur Einführung von drei Liganden 44 verschiedene Komplexe denkbar, von denen 35 isoliert wurden (Schema 1). Durch Nebenreaktionen bzw. zu Vergleichszwecken wurden weitere Komplexe mit kettenförmiger Anordnung von Metall- und P- bzw. As-Atomen erhalten. Nach der Einführung von vier Liganden findet das Eliminierungs/ Additions-Schema eine natürliche Grenze, da dann Phosphan-Eliminierung gegenüber der CO-Eliminierung bevorzugt wird. Die beschriebenen Sequenzen lassen sich als Grundmuster katalytischer Aktivität durch Öffnung von Metall-Metall-Bindungen verstehen.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791121008
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  • 114
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    Darstellung und Eigenschaften von Carbamoyleisen-Komplexen; Kristallstruktur von Nickelbis[tetracarbonyl-μ-(dimethyl-carbamoyl-O)-eisen] (2 Ni-Fe) (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 3413-3423 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Properties of Carbamoyliron Complexes;. Crystal Structure of Nickelbis[tetracarbonyi-μ-(dimethylcarbamoyl-O)-iron](2M-Fe)The carbamoyl complex 1 can be transaminated with piperidine and pyrrolidine to give 2 and 3. 1-3 react with anhydrous nickel bromide to yield the nickelbis[tetracarbonyl-μ-(carbamoyl-O)-iron] (2 Ni-Fe) complexes 4-6, which are studied by spectroscopic methods. The X-ray analysis proves a linear iron nickel iron spine in 4. The crystals are triclinic, space group PT, with one molecule in the unit cell.
    Notes: Der Carbamoylkomplex 1 läßt sich mit Pyrrolidin und Piperidin zu 2 und 3 umaminieren. 1-3 reagieren mit wasserfreiem Nickelbromid zu den Nickelbis[tetracarbonyl-μ-(carbamoyl-0)-eisen](2N - Fei)-Komplexen 4-6, die spektroskopisch untersucht werden. Die Röntgenstrukturanalyse von 4 beweist das Vorliegen einer linearen Eisen-Nickel-Eisen-Anordnung. Die Kristalle sind triklin, Raumgruppe PT, mit einem Molekül in der Elementarzelle.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791121009
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  • 115
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    Zum Mechanismus der Reaktion von 2-Brom-N,N-dimethyl-2, 2-diphenylacetamid mit Natriummethoxid in 2,2-Dimethoxypropan. Eine Methode zum Nachweis des Radikalanion-Radikal-Kettenmechanismus (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 3520-3522 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Mechanism of the Reaction of 2-Bromo-N,N-dimethyl-2,2-diphenylacetamide and Sodium Methoxide in 2,2-Dimethoxypropane. A Method for Establishing the Radical-Anion Radical Chain MechanismThermolysis of N,N-dimethyl-2,2-diphenyl-2-(phenylazo)acetamide (1, X = C6H5N≡N-) in the presence of sodium methoxide in 2,2-dimethoxypropane furnishes N,N-dimethyl-2,2-diphenylacetamide (1, X = H), the dimeric product 3, and 2-hydroxymethyl-2,2-diphenylacetamide (1, X = -CH2OH). An analysis of this result leads to the conclusion that the title reaction, which yields compounds 1 (X = H) and 3, is a radical-anion radical chain process.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791121019
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  • 116
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    Zinnorganische Verbindungen des 1,2-Diethinylbenzols (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 3552-3558 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Organo Tin Compounds of 1,2-DiethynylbenzeneThe preparation and the properties of the compounds o-C6H4(C≡C — SnR3)2 (R equals; CH3, C6H5),[o-C6H4(C ≡ C)2SnR2]2 (R = CH3, C6H5, 1-Naphthyl; R2 = Pentamethylene), [o-C6H4(C≡C)2)3-(SnC6H5)2]n (n = 2, 8, 〉8) and [(o-C6H4(C≡C)2)2Sn]n (n = 12-15,〉15) are described. The structures of these compounds are supported by their spectra.
    Notes: Darstellung und Eigenschaften der Verbindungen o-C6H4(C≡C — SnR3)2 (R = CH3 C6H5), [o-C6H4(C≡C)2SnR,sb2]2 (R = CH3, C6H5, 1-Naphthyl; R2 = Pentamethylen), [(o-C6H4(C≡C)2)3-(SnC6H5)2]n (n = 2, 8, 〉8) und [(o-C6H4(C≡C)2)2Sn]n (n = 12-15, 〉15) werden beschrieben. Die Konstitutionen der Verbindungen werden spektroskopisch gestützt.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791121104
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  • 117
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    Beiträge zur Chemie der Cycl[4.3.2]azine (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 3577-3588 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Chemistry of Cycl[4.3.2]azines1)6-tert-Butyl-4H-3a-aza-4-azulenone (3c) and the cycl[4.3.2]azine derivatives 1d and e are synthesized. Attempts to eliminate the ester groups of 1d and e by thermolysis failed. Using Fe2(CO)9, 1d and e are transformed into the complexes 9a and b. The thermolysis of 9b yields the anhydride 10. 5-Azacycl[4.3.2]azine-4-carbonic esters 11 are obtained of two independent routes. 12 is prepared from 11 and Fe2(CO)9 -From the NMR spectra it is concluded that a paratropic effect exists of the cycl[4.3.2]azine π-system of about 4-5 ppm being largest in the 7-membered ring. The shifts of all protons are affected by the nitrogen atom in perimeter-position 5 of 11, the maximum effect being observed again in the 7-membered ring.
    Notes: 6-tert-Butyl-4H-3a-aza-4-azulenon (3c) und die Cycl[4.3.2]azin-Derivate 1d und e werden dargestellt. Versuche zur thermolytischen Entfernung der tert-Butoxycarbonylgruppen aus 1d und e scheiterten. Mit Fe2(CO)9 konnten aus 1d e die Tricarbonyleisen-Komplexe 9a und b erhalten werden. Die Thermolyse von 9b führte zum Anhydrid 10. 5-Azacycl[4.3.2]azin-4-carbonsäureester 11 werden auf zwei Wegen dargestellt. Aus 11b wurde der Tricarbonyleisen-Komplex 12 erhalten.  - Die1H-NMR-Spektren weisen auf eine durch das Cycl[4.3.2]azin-π-System verursachte Paratropie von etwa 4-5 ppm, welche im Siebenring am größten ist. Der Einfluß des perimeterständigen Stickstoffatoms auf die chemischen Verschiebungen von 11 erstreckt sich über das gesamte Ringsystem und ist ebenfalls im Siebenring am stärksten ausgeprägt.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791121107
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    Polare Cycloadditionen von elektronenreichen Mehrfachbindungssystemen an 1,3,4-Oxadiazolium-Salze: Synthese von 3aH-[1,3,4]Oxadiazolo[3,2-α]chinolinen (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 3623-3636 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Polar Cycloadditions of Electron-rich Multiple Bond Systems to 1,3,4-Oxadiazolium Salts: Synthesis of 3aH-1,3,4 Oxadiazolol 3,2-α quinolinesThe 1,3,4-Oxadiazolium-salts 6c,g,h,i,j react withN,N-Diethyl-1-propin-1-amin(7) in a [4⊕ + 2]-Cycloaddition to afford the 3aH[1,3,4]Oxadiazolo[3,2-a]quinolines 8 c,g,h,i,j.. A [2⊕ + 2] cycloaddition of diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate with 8i yields the tetracycle 9. Alkaline hydrolysis of 8 leads to the quinolone 10. A [3⊕ + 2]-cycloaddition cycloreversion is observed with 6e, I and 18 yielding (→ 12, 15, 20 + 21) respectively. Ketene diethyl acetal (22) reacts with 6k in the same manner (→ 23)
    Notes: Die 1,3,4-Oxadiazolium-Salze 6c,g,h,i,j reagieren mitN,N-Diethyl-1-amin(7) in einer [4⊕ + 2]-Cycloaddition zu den 3aH[1,3,4]Oxadiazolo[3,2-a]chinolinen 8. Eine [2⊕ + 2] Cycloaddition von Acetlylendicarbonsäure-diethylester an 8i führt zum Tetracyclus 9. Die alkalische Hydrolyse von 8 ergibt die Chinolone 10. Eine [3⊕ + 2]-Cycloaddition-Cycloaddition-Cycloreversion wird bei 6e, I und 18 beobachtet (→ 12, 15, 20 + 21). Auch Keten-diethylacetal (22) reagiert mit 6k in dieser Weise (→ 23).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791121112
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    Alicyclische Verbindungen, II. Darstellung und Photoelektronenspektren der Cyclopropanierungsprodukte von 3,4-Dimethylen-1-cyclobuten (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 3691-3702 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Alicyclic Compounds, II. Preparation and Photelectron Spectra of the Cyclopropanation Products of 3, 4-Dimethylene-1-cyclobuteneCyclopropanation of 3, 4-Dimethylene-1-cyclobutene (1) with diazomethane/cuprous chloride in pentane provides the novel spiro compounds 6-methylenespiro[2.3]hex-4-ene (2) and dispiro[cyclopropane-1, 2′-bicyclo[2.1.0]pentane-3′, 1″-cyclopropane] 94) as well as the already known dispiro[2.0.2.2]oct-7-ene (3). The photoelectron spectra of these hydrocarbons have been analyzed.
    Notes: Die Cyclopropanierung von 3,4-Dimethylen-1-cyclobuten (1) mit Diazomethan/Kupfer (I) chlorid in Pentan liefert die neuen Spiroverbindungen 6-Methylenspiro [2.3]hex-4-en (2) und Dispiro[cyclopropan-1,2′-bicyclo[2.1.0]pentan-3′,1″-cyclopropan] (4) sowie das bekannte Dispiro [2.0.2.2]oct-7-en (3). Die Photoelektronenspektren dieser Kohlenwasserstoffe werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791121117
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  • 120
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    Photolyse von Cycloalkeno-1,2,3-thiadiazolen (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 3728-3736 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Photolysis of Cycloalkeno-1,2,3-thiadiazolesPhotolysis of the title compounds leads to several types of heterocycles: 1,4-dithiins 5, 1,3-dithioles 9, thiophenes 11, and 1,2,4,5-tetrathianes 12. The yields of the reaction routes 1 - VI depend on the ring size of the cycloalkeno-l,2,3-thiadiazoles (table 1).
    Notes: Bei der Photolyse der Titelverbindungen 1a-d werden Heterocyclen der Typen 1,4-Dithiin 5, 1,3-Dithiol 9, Thiophen 11 und 1,2,4,5-Tetrathian 12 isoliert. Die Ausbeute auf den Reaktionswegen I-VI in Abhängigkeit von der Cycloalkeno-l,2,3-thiadiazol-Ringgröße ist von Interesse (Tab. 1).
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791121121
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  • 121
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    NMR-Spektroskopische Untersuchungen zur Kinetik und Thermodynamik reversibler Dissoziationsreaktionen, VII. Direkte Beobachtung der Ionisation und Ionenrekombination von Tritylchlorid in SO2 (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 3715-3722 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: NMR Spectroscopic Studies on Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Reversible Dissoziation Reactions VII. Direct Observation of Ionisation and Ion Recombination of Trityl Chloride in SO2The equilibriaWere analyzed in SO2 by 1H NMR spectroscopy at variable temperature in the partially deuterated compound. The ionisation of trityl chloride into the ion pair was kinetically studied by total line shape analysis of the 1H NMR spectra of the deuterated and the nondeuterated compound. The origin of the relatively high barrier (ΔG1≢ ≈ 42 kJ/mol, ΔS1≢ ≈ -90 J/grad mol) is discussed.
    Notes: Die GleichgewichteIn SO2 wurden in der partiell deuterierten Verbindung durch NMR-Spektroskopie bei variabler Temperatur analysiert. Die Ionisierung des Tritylchlorids in das Ionenpaar wurde durch Linienformanalyse der 1H-NMR-Spektren der deuterierten und nichtdeuterierten Verbindung kinetisch untersucht. Die Ursache der relativ hohen Barrieren (ΔG1≢ = 42 kJ/mol, ΔS1≢ = 25 kJ/mol, ΔS1≢ = - 90 J/grad · mol) wird diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791121119
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    Diskussion der UV-Spektren von 3-Keto-Δ4,8(14)-Steroiden als Beispiel einer, through space'-Konjugation (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 3748-3752 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Discussion of the UV Spectra of 3-keto-Δ4,8(14)-steroids as an Example of a “Through Space” Conjugation
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791121125
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  • 123
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    Über die Thermolyse von 2-Diazo-1,3-diketonen in Gegenwart von Diazoalkanen (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 3753-3758 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Thermolysis of 2-Diazo-1,3-diketones in the Presence of DiazoalkanesDiazodiketones 1 react with diazoalkanes 3 under the conditions of the Wolff rearrangement via the hypothetical diazonium betaines 4 predominantly by 1,4-cyclization to afford the 3-furanones 11 and enol derivatives 12. Competitively, depending on stabilizing substituents, 1,2-cyclization to the cyclopropanone 6 or the acryl ester 9 as well as cyclization without loss of the diazoalkane nitrogen to the pyrazoles 7, 10 may occur. In the case of electron donating aroylarylketenes the 1,3,4-oxadiazolines 8 are obtained. For the latter reaction, an intermediate azo-zwitterion 5 is assumed.
    Notes: Diazodiketone 1 reagieren mit Diazoalkanen 3 unter den Bedingungen der Wolff-Umlagerung über die hypothetischen Diazoniumbetaine 4 in der Regel durch 1,4-Cyclisierung. wobei 3-Furanone 11 und die Enolderivate 12gebildet werden. Mit dieser Reaktion konkurrieren in Abhängigkeit von stabilisierenden Substituenten: die 1,2-Cyclisierung zum Cyclopropanon 6 bzw. dem Acrylester 9; unter Beibehaltung des Diazoalkan-Stickstoffs Cyclisierung zu den Pyrazolen 7, 10; bei Verwendung elektronenreicher Aroylarylketene schließlich Bildung der 1,3,4-Oxadiazoline 8: Für diesen Reaktionsverlauf wird ein intermediäres Azo-Zwitterion 5 angenommen.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791121202
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    Der Einfluß des Dien-1,4-Abstandes auf die Reaktivität bei Diels-Alder-Reaktionen (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 883-889 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Significance of Diene-1,4-Distance on the Reactivity in Diels-Alder ReactionsThe reactivity of cyclopentadiene and di-exo-methylene compounds in Diels-Alder reactions is investigated using the frontier molecular orbital method. It is shown that besides the HOMO-LUMO energy difference the diene 1,4-distance plays an important part for the rate of reaction. The shorter this distance is the higher becomes the reactivity. Experimentally this is shown by the rates of reaction of tetracyanoethylene and maleic anhydride with cyclopentadiene and di-exo-methylene compounds 2-6. The 1,4-distance of the latter is known from force field calculations. 1,4-Distance and log k2 exhibit a linear relationship which is supported by theoretical considerations.
    Notes: Die Reaktivität von Cyclopentadien und cis-fixierten Di-exo-methylenverbindungen in Diels-Alder-Reaktionen wird im Rahmen des Grenzorbitalmodells untersucht. Es wird gezeigt, daß neben der Energiedifferenz der dominanten Grenzorbitalwechselwirkung auch der Dien-1,4-Abstand eine wichtige Funktion besitzt. Je kürzer dieser ist, umso reaktiver ist das Dien. Dies zeigt die Kinetik der Umsetzung von Tetracyanethylen und Maleinsäureanhydrid mit Cyclopentadien und den Di-exo-methylenverbindungen 2-6, deren 1,4-Abstand auf Grund von Kraftfeldrechnungen bekannt ist. Zwischen 1,4-Abstand des Diens und log k2 der Cycloaddition besteht ein linearer Zusammenhang, der sich theoretisch begründen läßt.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791120313
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    Der Mechanismus der photolytischen Umsetzung von Pyridin mit Bis(trimethylsilyl)quecksilber, ein Beitrag zur metallorganischen Photochemie (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 950-956 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Mechanism of the Photolytic Reaction of Pyridine with Bis(trimethylsilyl)mercury, a Contribution to the Photochemistry with Metal AlkylsThe photolytic generation of N-(trimethylsilyl)pyridinyls 2 or. resp., their 4,4′-dimers from pyridine or its alkyl derivatives and bis(trimethylsilyl)mercury (1) involves surprisingly no free silyl radicals, but passes a long-lived, photoexcited, polar state 1a of the molecule 1. The latter is described more closely. It is complexed stepwise by two molecules of pyridine, and only in the last step free radicals are formed. The possibly more general importance of these findings for photolytic reactions with metal alkyls is pointed out.
    Notes: Die photolytische Bildung von W-(Trimethylsilyl)pyridinylen 2 bzw. ihren 4.4′-Dimeren. aus Pyridin bzw. seinen Alkylverbindungen und Bis(trimethylsilyl)quecksilber (1) verläuft überraschenderweise nicht über freie Silyl-Radikale, sondern über einen längerlebigen, photoangeregten, polaren Zustand la des Moleküls 1, über den nähere Aussagen gemacht werden. Er wird schrittweise durch zwei Moleküle Pyridin komplexiert, worauf erst im letzten Schritt freie Radikale entstehen. Auf die mögliche Bedeutung der Befunde für andere photolytische Reaktionen mit Metallalkylen wird hingewiesen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791120318
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    Cyclopropyl-Nachbargruppeneinfluß auf die Brückenkopfreaktivität von Verbindungen mit Bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-Grundgerüst (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 908-935 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cyclopropyl Neighbouring Group Influence on the Bridgehead Reactivity of Compounds with a Bicyclo[2.2.2]octane SkeletonUpon photochlorination with tert-butyl hypochlorite the cyclopropane anellated bicyclo[2.2.2]-octane hydrocarbons 10a and 2a-6a give the bridgehead chlorids 10b and 2b-6b in increasing relative yields. In addition, a more efficient directed synthesis for 2b has been developed. The solvolysis reactions of 2b-6b lead to unrearranged bridgehead derivatives exclusively, the substantially increasing rates in the series 2b-6b indicating, that a cyclopropyl group can stabilize a neighbouring carbenium ion center substantially, even if the system does not possess the best bisected conformation. It is only with a perpendicular arrangement of the axis of the carbenium ion p-orbital and the Walsh orbital at the neighbouring cyclopropyl carbon atom as in 10b that the cyclopropyl group exhibits a destabilizing effect exclusively. Analysis of the kinetic parameters leads to the result, that the skeletons of the intermediate carbenium ions from 2b, 5b and 6b are twisted with respect to those of the starting materials, because this apparently enables the intermediates to gain additional stabilization. However, for 3b and 4b the twisting in the ground and the transition state has to be equally small. For 2b and 5b-6b the twist angle decreases with an increasing number of anellated cyclopropane rings. The same conclusions have been drawn from the interpretation of the 13C-chemical shifts of the free bridgehead carbenium ions 2f and 4f-6f, which have been generated by the reaction of the corresponding chlorides with antimony pentafluoride in sulfuryl chloride fluoride.
    Notes: Bei der Photochlorierung mit tert-Butylhypochlorit entstehen aus den cyclopropan-anellierten Bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-Kohlenwasserstoffen 10a und 2a-6a mit ansteigenden Relativanteilen die Brückenkopfchloride 10b und 2b-6b. Die Solvolysereaktionen von 2b-6b führen ausschließlich zu nichtumgelagerten Brückenkopfderivaten; die in dieser Reihe erheblich ansteigenden Geschwindigkeiten - relativ zum 1-Bicyclo[2.2.2]octylchlorid um bis zu 2.8·108. beweisen, daß eine Cyclopropylgruppe auch bei einer von der optimalen bisektierten Anordnung abweichenden Konformation ein benachbartes Carbeniumionzentrum beträchtlich stabilisiert. Nur bei senkrechter Anordnung der Achsen des Carbeniumion-p-Orbitals und des Walsh-Orbitals am benachbarten Dreiring-C-Atom wie in 10b wirkt die Cyclopropylgruppe ausschließlich destabilisierend. Die Auswertung der kinetischen Parameter ergibt, daß die Gerüste der intermediären Carbeniumionen aus 2b, 5b und 6b im Vergleich zu denjenigen der Ausgangsverbindungen stärker verdrillt sind, weil dies offenbar eine zusätzliche Stabilisierung der Zwischenstufen ermöglicht. Bei 3b und 4b dagegen muß die Verdrillung von Ausgangs- und Übergangszustand gleich gering sein; bei 2b, 5b und 6b wird sie mit zunehmender Zahl anellierter Cyclopropanringe geringer. Zu den gleichen Schlußfolgerungen führt die Interpretation der 13C-chemischen Verschiebungen der freien Brückenkopf-Carbeniumionen 2f und 4f-6f, die aus den entsprechenden Chloriden mit Antimonpentafluorid in Sulfurylchloridfluorid erzeugt wurden.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791120316
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  • 127
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    Polycarbonylverbindungen, XXIV. Gemischte „Oxothioxokohlenstoffe“ aus Amiden und Thioamiden der Quadratsäure (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 990-999 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Polycarbonyls, XXIV. Mixed „Oxothioxocarbons“ from Amides and Thioamides of Squaric AcidHydrolysis or sulfhydrolysis of 1,2-or 1,3-Squaric acid diamides or their mono- or dithioderivatives yields sulfur analogues of squaric acid dianion, examples of mixed „oxothioxocarbons“ (5-8). Reaction with electrophiles and nucleophiles as well as spectroscopic data are reported.
    Notes: Durch Hydrolyse bzw. Sulfhydrolyse von 1,2- oder 1,3-Quadratsäurediamiden bzw. ihrer Mono- oder Dithioderivate entstehen Schwefelanaloga des Quadratsäure-Dianions, Vertreter der gemischten „Oxothioxokohlenstoffe“ (5-8). Es werden Reaktionen mit Elektrophilen und Nucleophilen beschrieben und spektroskopische Daten mitgeteilt.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791120321
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  • 128
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    Cycloadditionsreaktionen von Heterocumulenen, XVII. Über den Mechanismus der [2+2]-Cycloaddition von Thioketenen mit Azomethinen (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 1000-1011 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cycloaddition Reactions of Heterocumulenes, XVII. On the Mechanism of the [2+2]-Cycloaddition of Thioketenes with AzomethinesThe thioketene 1 reacts with the azomethines 2a-f to give the β- thiolactames 3a-f, the structures of which were proven by methylation and oxidation leading to 7 and 8/9c Attempts to trap the potential intermediate of the cycloaddition 11 were unsuccessful. Kinetic experiments demonstrate low solvent and substituent effects on the cycloaddition rate. Starting form 1-deuterated and 1-undeuterated 2b a secondary kinetic isotope effect was measured. These results as well as the formation of the sterically disfavoured cycloadduct 3A indicate that in the rate-determining step of the cycloaddition not the „classical“ dipole 11 is formed, but with orbital symmetry -control the dipolar species 14.
    Notes: Das Thioketen 1 reagiert mit den Azomethinen 2a - zu den β-Thiolactamen 3a-f, deren Struktur durch Methylierung zu 7 und Oxidation zu 8/9c belegt wurde. Versuche, die potentielle Zwischenstufe der Cycloaddition 11 abzufangen, verliefen negativ. Nach kinetischen Untersuchungen sind Lösungsmittel-und Substituenteneinflüsse auf die Cycloadditionsgeschwindigkeit gering. Ausgehend von 1-deuteriertem und 1-undeuteriertem 2b wurde ein sekundärer Isotopeneffekt gemessen. Diese Ergebnisse wie auch die Bildung des sterisch ungünstigen Cycloaddukts 3A sprechen dafür, daß im geschwindigkeitsbestimmenden Schritt der Cycloaddition kein „klassischer“ Dipol 11 entsteht, sondern unter Orbitalsymmetrie-Kontrolle die dipolare Species 14.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791120322
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  • 129
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    Thiirene als Zwischenstufen der Thermolyse von 1,2,3-Thiadiazolen (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 1769-1778 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Thiirenes as Intermediates in the Thermolysis of 1,2,3-ThiadiazolesThermolysis of the isomeric thiadiazoles 1a or 1b in moist 2,2′-oxydiethanol (3) yields the ketone 6, the thiophene 7, the alkyne 8, and the disulfide 11, the structure of which was determined by an X-ray analysis. In the presence of diphenylacetylene (15) 1a and 1b react to give the thiophenes 16a and 16b in the same ratio. This implies that the primary products of thermolysis, the 1,3-diradicals 13, can be trapped by alkynes. The formation of identical thiophenes from isomeric thiadiazoles 1 can be understood in terms of an equilibrium between the primary fragments 13 via the thiirene 14. Similarly, the ketone 6 seems not to result from 8 but from 14.
    Notes: Bei der Thermolyse der stellungsisomeren Thiadiazole 1a oder 1b in feuchtem 2,2′-Oxydiethanol (3) entstehen das Keton 6, das Thiophen 7, das Alkin 8 und das durch eine Röntgenstrukturanalyse eindeutig aufgeklärte dimere Disulfid 11. In Gegenwart von Diphenylacetylen (15) bilden sich aus 1a und 1b die Thiophene 16a und 16b im selben Verhältnis. Die bei der Thermolyse zunächst entstehenden 1,3-Diradikale 13 können demnach durch Alkine abgefangen werden. Die Bildung identischer Thiophene aus isomeren Thiadiazolen 1 läß sich durch ein Gleichgewicht der Primärfragmente 13 verstehen, das sich über das Thiiren 14 einstellt. Auch das Keton 6 scheint nicht aus 8, sondern aus 14 zu entstehen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791120528
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    Neue helicale Kohlenwasserstoffe, III. Pentaphenylenicene (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 1785-1790 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: New Helical Hydrocarbons, III. PentaphenylenicenesSynthesis and properties of o,p-bridged quinquephenyl compounds 5, 6 are reported. The 1H NMR highfield shift of H1 and the temperature independence of some absorptions are interpreted in terms of a more fixed helical arrangement of the o,p-compared with the m,m-bridged compound 4. p-Phenylene rotation as well as plus-minus interconversion are not observed.
    Notes: Synthese und Eigenschaften der endständig in o,p-Stellung verbrückten Quinquephenyl-Verbindungen 5, 6 werden beschrieben. Die 1H-NMR-Hochfeldverschiebungen von H1 und die Temperaturunabhängigkeit einzelner Absorptionen weisen darauf hin, daß die o,p-Verbrückung zu deutlich stärker fixierten Helices führt als die m,m-Klammer in 4. Eine p-Phenylenrotation wird ebensowenig wie eine Plus-Minus-Umwandlung beobachtet.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791120530
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  • 131
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    Pyrane, 78. Über Reaktionen von 3-Formylchromonen mit Diphenylketen (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 1791-1807 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Pyrans, 78. Reactions of 3-Formylchromones with DiphenylketeneThe reaction of 3-formylchromones 3a und b with diphenylketene (1) leads to 3-(diphenylvinyl)-chromones 2a and b as well as to the diphenyl-tetrahydropyrano[4,3-b]benzopyrandiones 4a and b. Treatment with base converts 4 into 2. With nucleophilic reagents 2 and 4 give rise to diphenylvinyl-substituted ketones (9), enamines (11), pyrazoles(10), pyrimidines (12), and 1,5-benzodiazepines (13) as well as to chromanonyl-diphenyl-acetic acid dervatives (16 and 18), benzopyrano[3,2-c]pyridines (21), to benzopyrano[4,3-c]pyrazole and -isoxazole derivatives (22).
    Notes: Die 3-Formylchromone 3a und b reagieren mit Diphenylketen (1) zu den 3-(Diphenylvinyl)- chromonen 2a und b sowie den Diphenyltetrahydropyrano[4,3-b]benzopyrandionen 4a und b. 4 läßt sich mit Basen in 2 überführen. Mit nucleophilen Reagenzien setzen sich 2 und 4 zu diphenylvinyl-substituirten Ketonen (9), Enaminen (11), Pyrazolen (10), Pyrimidinen (12) und 1,5-Benzodiazepinen (13) um sowie zu Chromanonyl-diphenyl-essigsäure-Derivaten (16 und 18), Benzopyrano[3,2-c]pyridinen (21), zu Benzopyrano[4,3-c]pyrazol- und -isoxazol-Derivaten (22).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791120531
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    Cycloadditionen von Cyanthioformamiden mit 1,3-Dipolen (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 1873-1878 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cycloadditions of Cyanothioformamides with 1,3-DipolesThe disubstituted cyanothioformamides 1 add to diazo compounds presumably forming the thiadiazoles 2 which decompose to give the thiiranes 3. These may be desulfurized to the ethylenes 5.1b reacts with diphenylnitrilimine to form the thiadiazoline 6. Nitrile oxides and 1 afford the oxathiazoles 7. The monosubstituted cyanothiaoformamides 8. likewise yield the oxathiazoles 9. which decompose to aryl isothiocyanates and the cyanoformamides 10. The reaction of 1 with phenylazide at 100°C produces the cyanoformamidines 14. probably via the unstable thiatriazolines 11 or 12 and the thiaziridines 13.
    Notes: Die disubstituierten Cyanthioformamide 1 addieren sich an Diazoverbindungen, vermutlich unter Bildung der Thiadiazole 2, die weiter zu den Thiiranen 3 zerfallen. Diese können zu den Ethylenen 5 entschwefelt werden. Mit Diphylnitrilimin bildet 1b das Thiadiazolin 6. Nitriloxide liefern mit 1 die Oxathiazole 7. In gleicher Weise ergeben die monosubstituierten Cyanthioformamide 8 die Oxathiazole 9, die weiter in Arylisothiocyanate und die Cyanformamide 10 zerfallen. Die Reaktion von 1 mit Phenylazid bei 100°C liefert, offenbar über die instabilen Thiatriazoline 11 oder 12 und die Thiaziridine 13, die Cyanformamidine 14.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791120538
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    Reaktionen an Indolderivaten, XXXVIII. Dreiringreaktionen in der Indolreihe (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 1889-1901 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions with Indole Derivatives, XXXVIII. Cyclopropane Reactions in the Indole SeriesThe acid-catalyzed and the nucleophilic ring-opening of the cyclopropanelactams 1 and 2 studied and their stereospecifity is reported. The ketolactams 22 and 23 obtained via this route represent important intermediates.
    Notes: Die protonenkatalysierte und die nucleophile Ringöffnung der Cyclopropanlactame 1 und 2 werden studiert und die Stereospezifität beschrieben. Die auf diese Weise erhaltenen Ketolactame 22 und 23 sind wichtige Zwischenprodukte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791120540
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    Reaktionen an Indolderivaten XXXVII. Stereoselektive Synthese polycyclischer Cyclopropanderivate in der Indolochinolizin-Reihe (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 1879-1888 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions with Indole Derivatives, XXXVII. Stereoselective Synthesis of Polycyclic Cyclopropane Derivatives in the Indoloquinolizine SeriesThe high yield stereoselective synthesis of the pentacyclic cyclopropanelactam 8 is reported.
    Notes: Es wird über eine in guten Ausbeuten verlaufende stereoselektive Synthese des pentacyclischen Cyclopropanlactams 8 berichtet.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791120539
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    Reaktionen an Indolderivaten, XL. Ein einfacher Zugang zum Yohimbenon (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 1913-1915 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions with Indole Derivatives, XL. Simple Access to YohimbenoneThe enolether 1, obtained by Birch reduction, easily and in high yield gives rise to yohimbenone (6) via hydrolysis followed by formaldehyde cyclization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791120542
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    Neue μ-Hydroxo-Übergangsmetallkomplexe, II. Darstellung mehrkerniger Komplexe des Chroms(III) mit dreizähnigen Amin-Liganden. Struktur des μ[cis-Dihydroxo(O,O′)-hydroxo(l,4,7-triazacyclononan)chrom(III)]-di-μ-hydroxobis[(1,4,7-triazacyclononan)chrom(III)]-Kations (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 2837-2846 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Novel μ-Hydroxo-Transition Metal Complexes, II. Preparation of Polynuclear Complexes of Chromium(III) Containing Tridentate Amine Ligands. The Structure of the μ-[cis-Dihydroxo(O,O′)-hydroxo(l,4,7-triazacyclononane)chromium(III)]-di-μ-hydroxo-bis[(1,4,7-triaacyziononane)chromium(III)] CationThe attempted preparation of dinuclear complexes of chromium(III) containing three μ-hydroxo bridges by a condensation reaction of triaquaaminechromium(III) complexes [amine = 1,1,1-tris(aminomethyl)ethane (l) or l,4,7-triazacyclononane (2)] in acidic media yields only di-μ-hydroxo-bis[aquaaminechromium(III)] complexes (3, 4). More drastic reaction conditions afford a trinuclear complex 7 containing four μ-hydroxo bridges and a terminal OH-ligand which is linked to one μ-hydroxo bridge via a very short hydrogen bond contributing substantially to the stability of this cation. A single-crystal X-ray analysis of [Cr3([9]aneN3)3(OH)5]I5 · 5H2O (8) exhibits two different pairs of μ-hydroxo bridges with bond angles of 98 and 126°, respectively. The synthesis of a dinuclear, triply hydroxobridged chromium(III) complex has not been successful.
    Notes: Versuche, zweikernige Komplexe des Chroms(III) mit drei μ-Hydroxobrücken durch Kondensation von Triaquaaminchrom(III)-Komplexen [Amin = 1,1,1-Tris(aminomethyl)ethan (1) Oder 1,4,7-Triazacyclononan (2)] in saurem Medium darzustellen, führen nur zu Di-μ-hydroxo-bis-[aquaaminchrom(III)]-Komplexen (3, 4). Drastischere Reaktionsbedingungen führen zur Bildung eines dreikernigen Komplexes 7 mit vier μ-Hydroxobrücken und einer terminalen OH-Gruppe, die  -  gebunden über eine starke H-Brückenbindung zu einer μ-Hydroxobrücke  -  wesentlich zur Stabilität dieses Kations beiträgt. Eine Röntgenstrukturanalyse von [Cr3([9]anN3)3(OH)5]I5. 5 H2O (8) zeigt die Existenz zweier unterschiedlicher Paare von μ-Hydroxobrücken in dem dreikernigen Kation mit -Bindungswinkeln von 98 bzw. 126°. Die Synthese eines zweikernigen Tri-μ-hydroxo-Komplexes des Chroms(III) gelang nicht.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19791120810
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    Finite element and conjugate gradient methods for a nonlinear optimal heat transfer control problem (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1851-1863 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The boundary control problem of optimal heating of an infinitely long slab with tempertue-dependent thermal conductivity, subjected to a convection and radiation boundary condition, is analysed by numerical methods.In order to reformulate the optimal control problem of distributed parameter systems as a mathematical programming problem of finite dimension, a space, co-ordinate is discretized by use of the finite element method, while the Runge-Kutta method is utilized for time integrations. Finally, the performance index of the optimal control problem is minimized by the conjugate gradient method of optimization.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620141207
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    Call for papers (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1879-1879 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620141212
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    Simulation of multivariable non-linear stochastic systems (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 37-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140104
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    The numerical solution of two-dimensional, steady flow problems by the finite element method (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 11-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Finite element equivalents of the equations governing shearing and buoyancy driven flows are derived, and reduced to upwind forms suitable for the solution of problems in which the Reynolds and Rayleigh numbers are large. A modification to the central difference iterative method is studied which increases the Reynolds and Rayleigh numbers for which a central difference form may be used. A comparison is made between the results obtained using the central and upwind forms of the finite element method and those predicted by finite difference methods in the case of flow in a cavity. A mesh refinement study is made. The upwind forms of the finite element equations are applied to the solution of a complex flow problem involving the flow of glass in a throated furnace in the case of constant- and temperature- dependent viscosity and conductivity.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140103
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  • 141
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    A simple flat triangular shell element revisited (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 51-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The 18 degree-of-freedom flat triangular shell element is reformulated by combining the well-known bending triangle with a plane stress triangle incorporating in-plane rotations at each vertex. Both elements are displacement formulated. The plane stress element's displacement interpolation is incomplete and hence convergence to exact solutions is precluded. Comprehensive test results are presented for several types of problem including plane stress, thin shells and folded plates. The results indicate that the element does produce rapidly convergent answers. However these answers are not the correct ones, although they may be acceptable engineering approximations in many applications. Further, the element seems to provide reasonably good results even for relatively coarse element grids.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140105
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    Dynamics of rotationally periodic structures (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 81-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper considers the finite element analysis of the free, undamped and the forced damped vibrations of rotationally periodic structures. Associated with every natural frequency (except for those for which the deflection is the same at corresponding points on every substructure) there are a pair of orthogonal mode shapes, with eigenvectors {u} and {ü}. The complex vector {z}={u}+i{ü} is also an eigenvector of the equations of motion, and represents a rotating normal mode. The deflection of one substructure has the same amplitude as, and a constant phase difference from the deflection of the preceding substructure. It is therefore possible to analysse the complete structure by considering only one substructure, and applying appropriate complex constraints at its boundary with the following substructure, so as to and applying appropriate complex constrainsts at its boundary with the following substructure, so as to impose this phase difference. The method has been implemented in a computer program and is illustrated by analyses of an alternator end winding, a cooling tower with legs, and a wheel of turbine blades.For forced vibration, it is shown that any arbitrary oscillatory force can be decomposed into a series of rotating forces. For any one of these rotating components, there is a fixed relationship between the amplitude and phase of the force acting on one substructure, and that acting on an adjoining substructure. This relationship, which does not involve any approximation, can be used to enable a series of calculations of the response of one substructure to be performed instead of one on the whole structure. A series of calculations on an individual substructure normally requires much less computer time and storage than a single calculation on the complete structure.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140107
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  • 143
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    An optimization procedure for stress concentrations by the finite element technique (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 115-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Load-free notch surfaces of bodies made of a linear-elastic, homogeneous, isotropic material are optimized within given variation domains by means of an interation procedure so that the occurring maximum tangéntial stress is reduced to a minimum. The hypothesis of a constant tangential stress distribution for obtaining minimal notch stresses proposed by R. V. Baud has been confirmed by means of the Fade-away Law of the notch stress theory. The finite element method is applied for calculating the displacement and stress field of the styructure. An increment procedure is used for determing the displacement field after every iteration step, which permits the calculation of the displacement quantities with sufficient accuracy in a single step. Numerical solutions and their comparison with analytical solutions and stress results obtained with the aid of photo-elasticity confirm the usefulness of this procedure. The known optimization methods1,2 differ from those used in the present paper.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140109
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  • 144
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    A hybrid integral-equation method for steady two-dimensional ship waves (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 317-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a novel integral-equation technique for solving the steady-state wave-resistance problem. The free-surface condition is linearized, but the body condition is satisfied exactly. An integral relation describing the flow inside an arbitrarily truncated internal region is first obtained by applying Green's Theorem, using only the simple source function for an infinite fluid. The internal flow is next matched with eigen expansions in the upstream and downstream outer regions. The radiation condition can be satisfied exactly simply by a proper choice of the solution form in these outer regions. The method is applied to investigate flows about both lifting and non-lifting two-dimensional bodies. Agreement with existing results is excellent. The present formulation provides a simple yet rational basis for tackling the practical three-dimensional ship-wave problem, in which past workers have encountered considerable difficulties using a complicated free-surface Green function.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140303
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  • 145
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    Restricted range adaptive curve fitting (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 379-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper we present an algorithm for adaptively computing smooth piecewise polynomial approximations using restricted range uniform approximations on a finite point set. We also present several numerical examples and offer suggestions for the effective use of this algorithm. We have found the algorithm to be effective for approximating a wide class of functions, either with or without significant levels of noise. Furthermore, since the user of this algorithm actually defines tolerance bands within which the approximation will lie, the algorithm allows the user a great deal of flexibility and control over the shape of the resulting approximations.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140306
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  • 146
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    Finite element incremental contact analysis with various frictional conditions (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 337-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The use of contacting components such as gear teeth in mesh and shrink-fitted shafts is very common in engineering practice. This paper deals with the development of a theoretical method which gives a solution for non-linear contact problems with irreversibility resulting from stick-slip phenomenon.The method is based on the finite element method and load incremental theory. The geometrical and the statical boundary conditions on contact surfaces are treated as additional conditions being independent of stiffness equations. As a result, the algorithm of calculation is simplified and only a part of the simultaneous equations related to the contact surfaces is required to be solved instead of the overall stiffness equations at each step. Furthermore, the magnitude of load causing a change in a contact condition of one contact nodepair is taken as a load increment, in analogy with the incremental iterative procedure for elastic-plastic problems. Therefore, the method provides a general and efficient method for analysis and design of such problems.As illustrative examples, the stick-slip behaviour of turbo-alternator end-bells and other problems are discussed. The calculated results show a reasonable agreement with experimental data and other solutions.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140304
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  • 147
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    Masthead (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140401
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  • 148
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    Non-self-adjoint problems and essential boundry conditons (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 507-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140404
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  • 149
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    The thermal loads in the finite element analysis of elasto-plastic stresses (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 499-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The method for the evaluation of the thermal loads used in the incremental finite element analysis of elasto-plastic stress is presented. The stress distributions obtained by two apparently possible methods for evaluation of the thermal loads are compared.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140403
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  • 150
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    Isoparametric elemetns for cross-sepctional properties and stress analysis of beams (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 475-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents an isoparametric finite element formulation for the torsion and the flexure due to end shears for the beam cross-sections of arbitrary shape. Isoparametric line elements are developed using this formulation for the beam cross-sections consisting of very thin wall open or close multicells. Isoparametric transition elements are also developed for the beam cross-sections consisting of both thin wall sections and solid like sections. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and the applications of such elements.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140402
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  • 151
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    Derivation of a new stiffness matrix for helically armoured cables considering tension and torsion (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 515-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new element stiffness matrix is derived for straight cable elements subjected to tension and torsion. The cross-section of a cable, which may consist of many different structural components, is treated in the following as a single composite element. The derivation is quite general; consequently, the results can be used for a broad category of cable configurations. Individual helical armourning wires, for instance, may have unique geometric and material properties. In addition, no limit is placed on the number of wire layers. Furthermore, compressibility of the central core element can also be considered. The equations of equilibrium are first derived to include ‘internal’ geometric non-linearties produced by large deformations (axial elongation and rotatioin) of a straight cable element. These equations are then linearized in a consistent manner to give a liner stiffness matrix. Linear elasticity is assumed throughout. Excellent agreement with experimental results for two different cables validates the correctness of the analysis.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140405
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  • 152
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    Frequency analysis of thick orthotropic plates on elastic foundation using a high precision triangular plate bending element (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 531-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A high precision triangular thick orthotropic plate bending element on an elastic foundation is developed for the free vibration analysis of thick plates on elastic foundation. The element has three nodes with twelve degrees-of-freedom per node, and takes into account the shear deformation and rotatory inertia. The accuracy of the element is established by comparison of the natural frequencies of certain thick and thin plates, determined from a consistent mass matrix formulation, with available results.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140406
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  • 153
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    A stable finite element simulation of convective transport (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 545-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite element simulation of the equations of momentum and energy transport in fluids has been implemented with triangular elements. An attempt is made to single out the reasons for numerical instabilities reported by other investigators for convection-diffusion transport operations in fluid mechanics when the ratio of the convective to the diffusive terms, measured by the Reynolds and Peclét numbers, is of the order of a hundred. To this end, the equations are solved for several problems to permit a direct comparison with results of other formulations. It is shown that the appearance of instability can be delayed by a proper choice of boundary conditions, and its intensity can be reduced through the use of triangular finite elements. Results agree very well with theoretical solutions for particular test problems including flows with large convection effects, large dissipation effects and fluids with temperature dependent properties.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140407
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  • 154
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    The evaluation of improper integrals encountered in the use of conformal transformation (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 567-580 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Methods are described and reviewed for the accurate numerical evaluation of improper integrals encountered in conformal transformation solutions involving boundaries of relatively complicated shape. Four methods are reviewed for the solution of integrals containing end-point singularities. Two new methods are discussed for the solution of integrals containing both end point singularities and simple poles within the range of integration. One method uses a combination of a simple recursive formula and the coefficients of a Chebyshev series and a second method involves subtracting out the singularity and the use of Gauss-Jacobi quadrature. Both methods can give results of high accuracy and an upper limit of the error is readily found. A numerical example is taken which is typical of the application to practical problems and this brings out a comparison of the two methods.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140408
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    A direct linear system solver with small core requirements (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 633-645 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper present an algorithm and its corresponding FORTRAN IV program which solves a system of simultaneous equations of the type generated in structural analysis. It is based on the Gauss elimination method, so it is a direct method. But it only needs to have in core as many equations as it can contain, with a minimum of two. The program offers the following advantages: (a) Takes into account zeros to avoid operations. (b) Considers very big numbers in the diagonal, corresponding to boundary conditions, to avoid operations. (c) It can handle several load cases either simultaneously or in groups, at choice.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140502
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    The finite element method for elliptic problems, Phillipe G. Ciarlet, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1978. No. of pages 530. Price $57.75 (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 786-786 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140514
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    Announcement (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 787-790 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140515
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    Applications of the theory of plasticity in soil mechanics, J. Salençon, Wiley, Chichester, 1977. No. of pages: 176. Price £10 (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 785-786 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140513
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    Masthead (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140601
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  • 160
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    Announcement (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140602
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    Erratum (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. ii 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140603
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  • 162
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    Curvilinear finite difference method for biharmonic equation (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 791-812 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The essence of the proposed curvilinear finite difference solution method is the direct solution of the transformed fourth order partial differentiall equation using the finite difference expressions based on the flexible structure so that the geometry generality of the finite element method can be approached. The examples of applications indicte that the curvilinear mesh can be used and the boundary condition on the curved boundary can be easily and accurately prescribed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140604
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    Representation and discretization of arbitrary surfaces for finite element shell analysis (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 813-836 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An interactive computer graphics system has been developed for generating the geometric description of an arbitrary shell surfface. The various difficulties facing the user of sophisticated, doubly-curved shell finite elements and the inefficiency of preprocessing for shell analysis are discussed to explain the benefits of this system. The method is a synthesis of spline theory and algorithms, and an interactive means for man-machine communication. The basic technique employed is a modified lofting method in which cardinal splines. An inversion procedure is incorporated which increases significantly the efficiency of the B-spline approximation process. Static and dynamic graphic displays greatly enhance visualization at any stage of the procedure. Two examples of practical interest are presented in some detail to demonstratge the flexibility and usefulness of this approach. Some natural extensions of this system for interactive mesh generation on the surface are also demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140605
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  • 164
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    A comparasion of three resequencing algorithms for the reduction of matrix profile and wavefront (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 837-853 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Three widely-used nodal resequencing algorithms were tested and compared for their ability to reduce matrix profile and root-mean-square (rms) wavefront, the latter being the most critical parameter in determining matrix decomposition time in the NASTRAN finite element computer program. The three algorithms are Cuthill-McKee (CM), Gibbs-Poole-Stockmeyer (GPS), and Levy. Results are presented for a diversified collection of 30 test problems ranging in size from 59 to 2680 nodes. It is concluded that GPS is exceptionally fast, and, for the conditions under which the test was made, the algorithm best able to reduce profile and rms wavefront consistently well. An extensive bibliography of resequencing algorithms is included.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140606
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    Strees analysis of variable cross-section indeterminate beams using reopeated integration (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 855-870 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A simple computer method is presented for analysing statically indeterminate beams having sectionally constant EI values and loads consisting of any number of arbitrarily placed concentrated forces and couples as well as any number of uniform and ramp loads. Unknown reactions are treated as parameters which are determined by simulataneous imposition of end conditions and interior constraints. Support locations are specified independently of any discontinuites of load or cross-section. A computer program implementing this method is described which has very concise data input considerably shorter than tupically required in programs based on the stiffness method.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140607
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    Adaptive l1-l2 curve fitting (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 871-903 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In References 1 and 2, algorithms were introduced for adaptively computing smooth piecewise polynomial approximations using uniform, least-squars (l2) and restricted-range uniform approximations. This present paper introduces a FORTRAN program for computing smooth piecewise polynomial approximations to data and/or precise mathematical functions (in discrete form) which allows the user the option of using best l1 of best l2 approximations. (The l2 option of this newly developed l1-l2 adaptive curve-fitting package supersedes the code listed in Reference 1 for the old least-squares program.) In this paper, adaptive curve-fitting algorithm used in this l1-l2 package is described in detail, the FORTRAN program is the given (in the Appendix) and discussed, the numerical results are presented in an effort to illustrate how the l1 and l2 versions of this algorithm may be used most effectively.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140608
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    A numerial experiment on orthonormalization process (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 905-911 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A numerical experiment has been conducted to check theeffectiveness and reliablity of the orthnormalization process tosolve two-point boundary value problems. This process in usedalong with the method of superposition in the linear case andwith the quasilinearization and then the method of superpositionin the non-linear case.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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    Errors arising from irregular boundaries in ADI solutions of the shallow-water equations (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 921-931 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Truncation errors introduced by operator splittingtechniques, such as the ADI scheme, are discussed in the contextof the two-dimensional shallow-water equations. Numericalexamples of flow along a uniform channel, with and withoutfriction, illustrate the practical significance of these errors when the boundary is not aligned with the computational gridaxes. With irregular boundaries the maximum time step aceptable ismore severely restricted than has been realized hitherto. The problem, which is shown to stem from the treatment of the boundary conditons, is inherent in any splitting scheme and is difficult to circumvent.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    Displacement oscillation in plane quadratic isoparametric elements in orthotropic situations (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 913-920 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Long thin test specimens of orthotropic material are modelledby quadratic isoparametric finite elements in plane strain. Displacement oscillations occur down the long free edge of themodel with both reduced (2 × 2) and full (3 × 3) integration, themagnitude of the oscillations being affected by element aspectratio and the elastic constants of the material. The rate ofdiffusion of stress as predicted by the classical shear-lag theory, being dependent on the material constants, is reflectedin the displacement oscillations near the load in 3 × 3integration. In 2 × 2 integration, however, this effect is swampedby the build-up of oscillations away from the restraints in alowenergy deformation mode which becomes dominant as the elementaspect ration is increased. These latter voscillations arepredicted by the illconditioning of the structural stiffnessmatrix measured by a solution diagonal decay factor.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    Some follower forces and load stiffness (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 937-941 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140613
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  • 171
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    A multipurpose Gauss routine for unbanded symmetric matrix (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 933-936 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140612
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    Announcements (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 946-948 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140615
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  • 173
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    A conforming finite element method for two-dimensional incompressible elasticity (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 942-945 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140614
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  • 174
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    Masthead (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140701
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  • 175
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    Numerical determination of a class of generalized stress intensity factors (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 949-959 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A modification of the collocation method for the numerical solution of Cauchy-type singular integral equations appearing in plane elasticity and, especially, crack problems is proposed. This modification, based on a variable transformation, applies to the case when the unknown function of the singular integral equation behaves like A(x - c)α + B(x - c)β, where α 〈 0, 0 〈 β - α 〈 1, near an endpoint c of the integration interval. In plane elasticity such a point is either a crack tip or a corner point of the boundary of the elastic medium. Thus the method seems to be quite efficient for the numerical evaluation of generalized stress intensity factors near such points. A successful application of the method to the classical plane elasticity problem of an antiplane shear crack terminating at a bimaterial interface was also made.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140702
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  • 176
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    Large displacement analysis of three-dimensional beam structures (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 961-986 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An updated Lagrangian and a total Lagrangian formulation of a three-dimensional beam element are presented for large displacement and large rotation analysis. It is shown that the two formulations yield identical element stiffness matrices and nodal point force vectors, and that the updated Lagragian formulation is computationally more effective. This formulation has been implemented and the resulted of some sample analyses are given.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140703
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  • 177
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    A new numerical method for transient thermal stress problems (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 987-1000 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new numerical method of calculating unsteady-state heat conduction and thermal stresses by using improved coefficient matrix patterns on the nodal points of a structure is given. Good agreement is obtained between our results and the rigorous results, and this method seems to yield better accuracy than other well-known approximate methods for two-dimensional transient thermal stress problems.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140704
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  • 178
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    A class of preconditioned conjugate gradient methods for the solution of a mixed finite element discretization of the biharmonic operator (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1001-1019 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The homogeneous Dirichlet problem for the biharmonic operator is solved as the variational formulation of two coupled second-order equations. The discretization by a mixed finite element model results in a set of linear equations whose coefficient matrix is sparse, symmetric but indefinite. We describe a class of preconditioned conjugate gradient methods for the numerical solution of this linear system. The precondition matrices correspond to incomplete factorizations of the coefficient matrix. The numerical results show a low computational complexity in both number of computer operations and demand of storage.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140705
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    On comparing the accuracy of some finite difference methods for parabolic partial differential equations (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1021-1035 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Methods for comparing the accuracy of numerical methods for the solution of parabolic partial differential equations are briefly surveyed. Criteria for a more systematic comparison are proposed and applied to an accuracy comparison of the classical and the modified Saul'yev methods and the Crank-Nicholson method on a simple linear problem. The results obtained, which include observation of the existence of optimal spatial mesh size for the two Saul'yev methods, are discussed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140706
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  • 180
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    Application of backward differentiation methods to the finite element solution of time-dependent problems (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1051-1061 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The application of finite element methods to parabolic partial differential equations leads to large linear systems of first-order ordinary differential equations. Very often these systems are stiff and difficulties arise in their numerical solution. We attempt to analyse the problem of how to select numerical methods for the solution of such linear systems.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140708
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  • 181
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    Nonlinear rebound of a rod after impact against a deformable barrier (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1037-1050 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The nonlinear impact of a vehicle against a deformable barrier and its subsequent rebound from that barrier are simulated. A one-dimensional elastoplastic model represents the vehicle as a series of rod finite elements and the barrier as a single mass, nonlinear spring. The solution procedure utilizes variable time step integration, contains an error control and eliminates numerical instabilities. A limited study assesses the influence of system parameters on both structure and occupants. The chief objective, however, is to establish the feasibility of the proposed treatment of this class of problems. Some results obtained appear, at first, to contradict intuition. It is observed that modelling a deformable barrier as rigid can lead to unconservative results with respect to structural response of the vehicle.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140707
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  • 182
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    On an efficient use of CST elements (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1063-1072 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Similar and similarly oriented CST elements have the same stiffness matrix, and therefore similar shapes generated by the assembly of such elements possess the same stiffness matrix. This property and the matrix condensation technique may be judiciously combined to simplify the study of large structures, which may otherwise incur large core requirements and time and involve the solution of a great number of equations. In this paper the idea is developed to indicate its full potential. In illustration, results from examples on the determination of stresses around a small hole in a large plate are presented.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140709
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  • 183
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    Smooth interfacing of finite element models (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1073-1078 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A technique for smoothing the transition between structural components modelled with dissimilar finite element meshes is presented. The interface mismatch is assigned a potential of dislocation, which is minimized with respect to selected kinematic parametes of the mating surface. This leads to linear constraints between the caididate representations of the mating surface which essentially dictate a least-square error in dislocaiton. The constraints are enforced by the Lagrange multiplier or reduced stiffness technique. Numerical results indicate gradual transition in the predicted stresses neighbouring the interface. Existing computer codes which permit multipoint constraint specifications are readily available to implement the technique.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 184
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    The order of numercial quadrature in two dimensions (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1085-1089 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper the order of certain two-dimensional quadrature formulae is discussed and it is shown that their degree and order are not related in the same simple way as they are for one-dimensional rules.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140712
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  • 185
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    Residual correction applied to a sequence of block tridiagonal matrices (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1079-1084 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The decomposition of a block tridiagonal matrix into the product of block lowe and upper matrices is described. The cost of solving a block tridiagonal system of equations is given and compared to profile gaussian elimination. The desirability of a less expensive method is coupled to physical intuition about a common problem of solving a slowly varying sequence of such systems to motivate an iterative method based on residual correction. The method is described and convergence criteria are derived. An expression of the cost is developed and is shown to compare favourably with decomposition in many cases. Problems and advantages in computer implementation of the method are discussed and results of tests of a particular implementation on a well-known problem are given.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140711
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  • 186
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    Description of a curved boundary shape without first derivative discontinuities (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1090-1094 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: For the two-dimensional isoparametric 8-node element an additive condition is formulated, so that the function describing the domain boundary is continually differentiable at the common nodes on the boundary. This condition will be satisfied by moving the mid-side nodes into a special position. The advantage in using this modified element will be shown by an example of the elasto-plastic calculation of a double-edge notched specimen.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140713
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    On the approximation of incompressible materials in the displacement method (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1095-1099 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A mathematical description of the numerical approximation to incompressibility with nearly incompressible displacement finite elements is presented. By the way of functional analysis, it leads to a condition of convergence to the incompressible problem when v is increased up to 0.5, which can be identified with Fried's K1 criterion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140714
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    A fast algorithm for triangular plate bending element (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1100-1104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This communication presents a simple algorithm to compute the stiffness matrix for a triangular plate bending element, without numerical integration. This brings about a substantial saving in computer time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140715
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    Announcements (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1105-1105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140716
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    Masthead (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140801
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    A cubic extended interior penalty function for structural optimization (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1107-1126 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper describes an optimization procedure for the minimum weight design of complex structures. The procedure is based on a new cubic extended interior penalty function (CEIPF) used with the sequence of unconstrained minimization technique (SUMT) and Newton's method. The Hessian matrix of the penalty function is approximated using only constraints and their derivatives. The CEIPF is designed to minimize the error in the approximation of the Hessian matrix, and as a result the number of structural analyses required is small and independent of the number of design variables. Three example problems are reported. The number of structural analyses is reduced by as much as 50 per cent below previously reported results.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140802
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    On modified incomplete cholesky factorization methods for the solution of problems with mixed boundary conditions and problems with discontinuous material conefficients (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1127-1140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In Reference 1 a class of first-order factorization methods for the solution of large, sparse systems of equations, of which the coefficient matrix is a symmetric M-matrix, was introduced. Asymptotic results for the computational complexity was proved in the case of systems arising from finite difference approximation of second-order self-adjoint elliptic partial differential equation problems in two dimensions with Dirichlet boundary conditions. In this paper the result is extended to cover even mixed boundary conditions and problems with discontinuous material coefficients. Results from numerical experiments with various finite difference and finite element approximations are presented and comparisons with direct and other interative methods are made.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140803
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    A numerical method for analysis of bounded metalworking processes (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1165-1182 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper describes a numerical procedure for the solution of metalworking problems of a strain-hardening material. The overall metalworking process is split up into a number of stages and the governing equations for a typical stage are set up in terms of incremental displacements. The incremental deformation occurring in each successive stage is found by an interative numerical procedure based on the concept of piecewise linearization. The ‘composite’ solution yields the distribution of stress and strain in the work material at various stages of the process. Finally, application of the method to finite axisymmetric compression is described.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140805
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  • 194
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    An explicit numerical method for solving transient combined heat conduction and convection problems (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1141-1163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper describes an explicit numerical method for solving transient combined heat conduction and convection problems. Applications include the cooling of many types of engineering plant; for example, stator and rotor windings of turbogenerators and high voltage underground cables. The Du Fort-Frankel and the fully implicit finite difference schemes have been used to solve the conduction and convection equations, respectively. It is shown that, with a suitable order of calculation, the overall method becomes explicit. Computational procedures are outlined and stability, accuracy and convergence are considered. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the use of the method and to validate some of the theoretical points. Results have also been obtained using existing numerical methods and have been compared with those from the proposed method. For certain problems, it is shown that the proposed method uses less overall computing time than other methods such as that devised by Crank and Nicolson.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140804
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    Contribution to the numerical treatment of partial differential equations with the Laplace transformation - an application of the algorithm of the Fast Fourier transformation (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1183-1196 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140806
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    Numerical methods for a two-phase Stefan problem by variational inequalities (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1221-1239 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140808
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    Electronic Resource
    A one-phase multi-dimensional Stefan problem by the method of variational inequalities (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1197-1220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140807
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  • 198
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    Electronic Resource
    An accurate method of dynamic substructuring with simplified computation (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1241-1256 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new dynamic substructuring method is presented. The substructures are identified by their fixed-interface modes and the condensed stiffness and mass matrices at zero vibration frequency. Physical co-ordinates are used instead of the modal co-ordinates to make the condition of compatibility between elements applicable. The dimension of the fundamental matrices is equal to the number of interface co-ordinates for each substructure. All information needed to formulate the fundamental matrices may be obtained experimentally. Both discrete and continuous parameter models are considered.A number of numerical examples are given and the method is compared with the other methods of dynamic substructure. It is shown that the numerical accuracy lost in the ordinary eigenvalue economization process may be recovered by the present method.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140809
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  • 199
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incremental displacement algorithms for nonlinear problems (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1262-1267 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140811
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 200
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of parallel flows by the finite element method (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1257-1261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents and results obtained from the stabilitystudies of plane Poiseuille flow and magnetohydrodynamic flow by the finite element method. Applying Galerkin's weighted residual method and introducing the interpolation function in the exponetial form with respect to time, the governing flow equations are reduced to an eigenvalue problem. This formulation is much simpler than that of the asymptotic expansion method. Solutions are obtained directly in terms of velocity and pressure. Results of the critical Reynolds number obtained by this method compare well with those of other methods for plane Poiseuille flow and magnetohydrodynamic flow.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140810
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