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  • 1970-1974  (2.176)
  • 1965-1969  (1.586)
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  • Bone
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 208 (1974), S. 257-265 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Schlagwort(e): Spiral ganglion and Organ of Corti ; Electron Microscopy ; Influence of Different Fixatives and Fixation Methods
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Das Ganglion spirale und Cortische Organ des Meerschweinchens wurden nach Osmium- und kombinierter Glutaraldehyd-Osmiumfixation sowie Anwendung verschiedener Fixationsmethoden elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Die Strukturen des Cortischen Organs wurden hierbei nicht wesentlich beeinflußt. Am Ganglion spirale ergaben sich Unterschiede im Aufbau der Myelinhüllen der Ganglienzellen. Es wird diskutiert, daß es sich beim semikompakten Myelin um ein Artefakt der Osmiumfixation handelt und daß Glutaraldehyd den Aufbau der Myelinhüllen im Bereich der Spiralganglienzellen naturgetreuer wiedergibt als Osmium.
    Notizen: Summary We have been examining with the electron microscope the spiral ganglion and the organ of corti in guinea pigs, using osmium and a combined glutaraldehyde-osmiumfixation together with various fixation techniques. The structures of the organ of corti were not considerably effected. Differences in the structure of the myelin sheets of ganglion cells were found in the spiral ganglion. Presumably the semicompact myelin represents an artefakt after osmium-fixation, glutaraldehyde being able to demonstrate clearer the structure of the myelin sheets on spiral ganglion cells compared to osmium.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 14 (1974), S. 309-315 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Osteoblast ; Matrix ; Bone ; Scanning electron microscope
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Les territoires sécrétoires des ostéoblastes d'os pariétal de rats sont déterminées en utilisant la microscopie électronique à balayage. Le territoire moyen de 4.620 cellules, dans 19 territoires, est de 154 μm2 par ostéoblaste. Les valeurs extrêmes par champ varient de 136 à 177 μm2 par ostéoblaste. Quatre cent cellules sont mesurées individuellement; la valeur moyenne par ostéoblaste est de 143 μm3 avec une déviation standard de 33. Le taux d'apposition journalier, mesuré par la tétracycline pendant 8 jours, est de 3.12 μm (déviation standard 0.22). Ce qui correspond à une production matricielle journalière d'environ 470 μm3 par ostéoblaste.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Die Ausscheidungsbereiche von Ratten-Osteoblasten des Scheitelbeines wurden mit dem Raster-Elektronenmikroskop direkt gemessen. Der durchschnittliche Bereich von 4620 Zellen in 19 Gesichtsfeldern war 154 μm2 per osteoblast. Der Streubereich lag in den verschiedenen Gesichtsfeldern zwischen 136 und 177 μm2 per Osteoblast. 400 Zellen wurden einzeln gemessen. Bei diesen war der Durchschnittswert per Osteoblast 143 μm2, mit einer Standard-Abweichung von 33. Die tägliche Anlagerungsrate während einer Periode von 8 Tagen war 3,12 μm (Standard-Abweichung 0,22); sie wurde mittels Tetracyclinmarkierung der Mineralisierungsfront gemessen. Dies ergab eine tägliche Produktionsrate der Matrix von etwa 470 μm3 per Osteoblast.
    Notizen: Abstract The secretory territories of rat osteoblasts on the parietal bone were measured directly using scanning electron microscopy. The mean territory of 4620 cells in 19 fields was 154 μm2 per osteoblast. The range for the fields was 136 to 177 μm2 per osteoblast. Four hundred cells were measured individually—for these the mean value per osteoblast was 143 μm2 with a standard deviation of 33. The daily rate of apposition over an 8 day period was 3.12 μm (standard deviation 0.22) measured by tetracycline marking of the mineral front. This gave a daily matrix production rate of approximately 470 μm3 per osteoblast.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 14 (1974), S. 327-331 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone ; Piezoelectricity ; Collagen ; Aging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The piezoelectric constant of mature and immature bone (defined herein) has been measured in an effort to determine whether it varies with age. It was found that the average value of the piezoelectric constantd 14 of femur from three week old calves was 58% of the value of femur from three year old bulls. The results were interpreted to indicate qualitative differences in the corresponding collagen matrices. Mature human tibia from males ranging in age from 21 to 53 years of age showed a small but significant increase ind 14 with age. Some data concerning diseased human bone, and well-preserved human bone excavated in Peru are also presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 14 (1974), S. 333-337 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone ; Materials ; Histology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Des métaux poreux et des céramiques sont implantés dans l'osin vivo et sont prélevés, après différents intervalles, pour étudier histologiquement la colonisation tissulaire. Les implants prélevés sont fixés avec les tissus environnants et inclus dans des epoxy-résines, de faible viscosité. Les échantillons sont coupés à l'aide d'une scie diamantée et fixés sur des lames pétrographiques, pour être ensuite amincis à environ 75 μm. Ils sont légèrement colorés au bleu de méthylène et à l'alizarine rouge S, qui donne un bon contraste entre tissus durs et mous et démontrent la présence d'os calcifié dans les implants poreux métalliques et céramiques.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Poröse Metall- und Keramikstücke wurden in vivo in Knochen implantiert und nach verschiedenen Intervallen entnommen, um histologisch zu untersuchen, wie weit sie ins Gewebe eingewachsen waren. Die entnommenen Implantate mit dem sie umgebenden Gewebe wurden fixiert, dehydriert und in ein niedrigvisköses Epoxy-Harz eingebettet. Die Proben wurden mit einer Diamantsäge in dicke Schnitte zerteilt, auf Steinscheiben zementiert und von Hand auf etwa 75 μm geschliffen. Sie wurden mit Methylenblau und Alizarin-Rot S schwach gefärbt; dies ergibt einen großen Kontrast zwischen Knochen und Weichgewebe und zeigt die Bildung von verkalktem Knochen innerhalb poröser Metall- und Keramik-Implantate deutlich.
    Notizen: Abstract Porous metals and ceramics were implanted in bonein vivo and retrieved at intervals for histological evaluation of tissue ingrowth. Recovered implants with surrounding tissues were fixed, dehydrated and embedded in a low-viscosity epoxy resin embedding medium. The embedded samples were cut into thick sections with a diamond saw, cemented to petrographic slides, and hand-ground to approximately 75 μm. They were lightly stained with methylene blue and Alizarin Red S, which provided great contrast between the bone and soft tissues, and clearly demonstrated the formation of calcified bone within porous metal and ceramic implants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 15 (1974), S. 269-286 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Osteogenesis ; Osteoinduction ; Bone ; Matrix ; Cell
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Bone matrix demineralized in 0.6 N HCl at 2° for 24 h and implanted in muscle in allogeneic rats possesses consistently reproducible bone morphogenetic activity. Experiments on implants of matrix, obtained from donors injected with3H-tyrosine or3H-tryptophan, or Na35SO4, suggest that bone morphogenetic property is a protein or apart of a protein that is (1) insoluble in buffer solutions, pH 3.6 and 5.0; (2) degraded in buffer solutions at pH 7.4 by an endogenous sulfhydryl-group neutral proteinase; (3) digested by trypsin at 15° within 8 h without solubilization of the helical regions, possibly even without degradation of the nonhelical ends of the bone collagen molecule, and without any loss of the periodic ultrastructure of the collagen fibrils; (4) degraded or removed by 0.1 N NaOH at 2° within 24 h without solubilization of collagen; (5) biologically active even after nitration of tyrosyl groups with tetranitromethane. The release of only one-third of the radioactivity with loss of nearly all yield of new bone by limited tryptic digestion of3H-borohydride-reduced matrix indicates that the bone morphogenetic response is the function of a non-collagenous component. Autoradiographs of implants of matrix with non-collagenous proteins labelled with3H-tryptophan,3H-tyrosine, or both3H-tyrosine and3H-phenyl-alanine demonstrate random dissemination of the radioactive constituents and no evidence of local transfer of labelled proteins or soluble protein derivatives. Hypothetically, the bone morphogenetic response is controlled by an insoluble acidic bone morphogenetic protein or polypeptide (BMP) and a soluble neutral proteinase (BMP-ase) resembling trypsin in activity except functionally more specific for BMP. Firmly bound but separable from bone collagen, BMP is one of many short-lived morphogenetic substances appearing and disappearing throughout embryonic development and persisting in postfetal life. Where the BMP receptor resides and how it activates cell mechanisms of differential repression and derepression of such genes as code for osteogenesis is unknown.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 15 (1974), S. 333-339 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Vitamin D ; Bone ; Resorption ; Calcium
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A series of analogues of vitamin D have been tested for their ability to stimulate bone resorption in two test systems used previously to investigate the metabolites of vitamine D. These analogues were tested (a) by directly comparing their action on bone explants of mouse half-calvariain vitro, and (b) by injecting them into young mice and measuring the degree of resorptionin vitro when explants were prepared 18 hours after the injection. It is concluded that the key functional groups concerned with enhancing the activity of vitamin D3 are the 1α- and the 25-hydroxyl,both together; the cis ring structure for ring A appears necessary. 1α-Hydroxycholecalciferol (1α-OHD3) is about as active as 25-OHD3 in the direct test, but its potency is much nearer to that of 1,25-(OH)2D3 when tested by the second (indirect) method; it seems likely that 1α-OHD3 is converted into 1,25-(OH)2D3 in vivo. The results are discussed in relation to the designing of analogues for clinical and experimental use.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 16 (1974), S. 145-152 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): EHDP ; Bone ; Chemistry ; Serum ; Rabbits
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) on bone and serum chemistry were investigated in adult rabbits. EHDP was administered by subcutaneous injection at doses of 0.25, 2.5 and 10 mg/kg body weight/day for of 28 days. Blood samples were obtained weekly from each rabbit and serum levels of total calcium, ionized calcium, inorganic phosphate and alkaline phosphatase were determined. At the end of the treatment period all rabbits were sacrificed and the tibiae removed for chemical analysis and histological evaluation. The effect of EHDP administration on serum chemistry was both dose- and time-related. The highest of the three doses, 10 mg/kg/day, resulted in a time-related decrease in total serum calcium. This dose also caused a rapid but transient reduction in serum ionized calcium. The effect of EHDP on serum inorganic phosphate was biphasic. Administration of 2.5 mg/kg/day resulted in a time-related elevation in this parameter, whereas the 10 mg/kg/day dose resulted in a time-related hypophosphatemic response. There were no significant drug-related changes in tibial fat-free dry weight, ash weight, total calcium or total phosphorus values. However, administration of 2.5 and 10 mg/kg/day EHDP resulted in increased osteoid tissue as measured histologically. These results are compared with data from other EHDP studies, and discussed in relation to the maturity and growth-state of the experimental animals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 16 (1974), S. 261-275 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Dentine ; Bone ; Mineralization ; Density gradient fractionation ; Proteoglycans
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract In order to obtain enough material to analyse the organic matrix of mineralizing tissue a technique for preparative separation according to the degree of mineralization was developed. The method employs ultracentrifugation of powdered material in density gradients made from acetone and bromoform. The density range of the fractions is checked by refractive index measurements of the gradient medium. The amount of the material in the fractions is checked by weighing and their degree of mineralization is estimated by determining the Ca/N and P/N ratios. The homogeneity of the fractions is determined by soft X-ray microscopy. Isolated dissected microscopic bone structure (osteones and lamellar bone fragments) with different degrees of mineralization were fractionated in this way. Chromatography on Sepharose 2B of proteoglycans from costal cartilage exposed to an acetone-bromoform gradient revealed no effect of the gradient medium on the molecular size of the proteoglycans.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 14 (1974), S. 153-160 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Lysosomes ; Bone ; Resorption ; Osteoclast
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Des techniques histochimiques de microscope photonique et électronique montrent que les ostéoclastes métaphysaires chez des rats “sans incisive” présentent des quantités plus importantes de phosphatase acide, d'acryl sulfatase et de trimétaphosphatase acide lysosomiales. L'activité en phosphatase lysosomiale à pH neutre est aussi plus élevée dans les ostéoclastes métaphysaires, sauf dans les cellules situées sous la métaphyse, où l'enzyme est absente. L'absence de résorption de la matrice organique semble en rapport avec l'absence de bordures en brosse et une absence d'enzyme lysosomiale extracellulaire. Malgré cette absence, une dissolution de cristaux inorganiques a été mise en évidence au microscope électronique, suggérant que la dissolution minérale est un processus distinct de la désintégration enzymatique de la matrice organique.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Histochemische Techniken für Licht- und Elektronenmikroskopie zeigten, daß metaphysäre Osteoklasten “Schneidezahl-loser” (SL) Ratten erhöhte Mengen von lysosomaler saurer Phosphatase, von Arylsulfatase und von saurer Trimetaphosphatase enthielten. Die Aktivität der lysosomalen Phosphatase bei neutralem pH war in den metaphysären Osteoklasten ebenfalls erhöht, außer in den Zellen direkt unterhalb der Wachstumsplatte, wo dieses Enzym nicht vorkam. Es konnte überhaupt keine Resorption der organischen Matrix festgestellt werden, was übereinzustimmen schien mit der Abwesenheit eines gekräuselten Saumes und einer gleichzeitigen Abwesenheit des extrazellulären lysosomalen Enzyms. Trotzdem wurde im Elektronenmikroskop das Verschwinden anorganischer Kristalle festgestellt, was darauf schließen läßt, daß die Auflösung des Minerals nicht derselbe Vorgang ist wie die enzymatische Auflösung der organischen Matrix.
    Notizen: Abstract Histochemical techniques for light and electron microscopy showed that metaphyseal osteoclasts in “incisors absent” rats contained greater than normal amounts of lysosomal acid phosphatase, aryl sulfatase and acid trimetaphosphatase. Lysosomal phosphatase activity at neutral pH was also elevated in the metaphyseal osteoclasts except in those cells immediately beneath the growth plate, where this enzyme was absent. The failure of any discernable resorption of organic matrix appeared to correlate with the absence of a ruffled border and a concomittant absence of extracellular lysosomal enzyme. Despite this failure, electron microscopic evidence of inorganic crystal removal was noted, suggesting that mineral dissolution represents a separate process from the enzymatic breakdown of organic matrix.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 16 (1974), S. 13-36 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Osteoclast ; Bone ; Resorption ; Crystals ; Organic-inorganic relationships
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The organic-inorganic relationships in bone matrix undergoing osteoclastic resorption have been studied in rat tibial diaphyses using electron microscope techniques in an attempt to identify the steps of the resorption process. Results suggest that bone resorption occurs in two phases: the first, an extracellular phase, leads to bone matrix fragmentation and partial dissolution, and the second, an intracellular phase, to complete digestion of the breakdown products of the bone matrix. The first component of the bone matrix to be attacked by the osteoclast is the ground substance. This induces the release of the crystals lying between, and on, the collagen fibrils; any crystals lying within fibrils are released later, when the fibrils break up. As this stage proceeds, the collagen fibrils retain their normal intrinsic texture, but gradually loose their lateral aggregation, appearing as individual fibrils (some of them uncovered by crystals), mixed with fragments of fibrils and many free crystals. The loosened but otherwise structurally normal collagen fibrils, and their fragments, are strongly argyrophilic. Complete dissolution of the disaggregated fibrils occurs outside the cell, both in the resorption zone and in the initial portion of the channels of the ruffled border. The free crystals present in the resorption zone and those phagocytosed in cytoplasmic vacuoles are organic-inorganic structures, whose organic component (the crystal ghost) is, at least in part, of proteoglycan nature. Dissolution of inorganic material occurs within the cytoplasmic vacuoles of the osteoclasts. Results are viewed in relation to the process of bone resorption and, as far as crystal ghosts are concerned, to that of bone calcification. A tentative summary of the various steps involved in the mechanism of bone resorption is given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 16 (1974), S. 109-127 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Dentinogenesis ; Diphosphonates ; Calcification ; Collagen ; Electron Microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of high doses of ethylene-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) were investigated at the light microscopic and subcellular level. The administration of EHDP at a concentration of 7.5–10 mg P/kg body weight/day over a short period of time resulted in complete inhibition of crystal formation in predentin and pre-enamel. An increased predentin width was observed and within newly-formed predentin areas the formation ofcollagen fibrils was grossly disturbed. In addition, fine precipitates appeared in the ground substance. The presence of unusual thread-like elements within specific bodies in the cytoplasm of the odontoblastic processes may be indicative of an interference by EHDP in e.g. the synthesis of precollagen. The possibility of an inhibition by EHDP of the extracellular aggregation of collagen molecules is also discussed. EHDP further inhibited crystal formation within dentinal globules. Functioning ameloblasts were grossly affected in EHDP-treated rats, and it is suggested that this is related to an inhibition of crystal formation in pre-enamel.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone ; Parathyroid ; 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol ; Adenosine 3′, 5′ cyclic monophosphate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Phenytoin, at a concentration which is known to inhibit parathyroid extract-induced bone resorptionin vitro, has been shown to have no significant effect on either the cyclic AMP content of four-day-old mouse calvaria which had been in tissue culture for 48 h or on the increase in cyclic AMP content occurring after the addition of parathyroid extract to the medium. Phenytoin has also been shown to be an effective inhibitor of bone resorptionin vitro induced by 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. These observations suggest that the inhibitory effect of phenytoin on parathyroid extract and hormone-induced bone resorption takes place beyond the cyclic AMP stage.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 16 (1974), S. 219-226 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone ; Phosphate ; ATP ; Calcium ; Mitochondria
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract An active constituent of the leaves ofSolanum malacoxylon (SM) is shown to promote calcium resorption and citrate production in embryonic chick frontal bone culturedin vitro. When injected into rats, SM reduces the ATP content of liver and kidneys. This phenomenon may be related to the ability of SM to stimulate mitochondrial ATPase activity at pH 9.4. SM significantly reduces the concentration of phosphate necessary to alter the uptake of calcium and respiration of siolated mitochondria. The data suggest that SM influences calcium and phosphate metabolism by affecting ion movements into and out of mitochondria.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 364 (1974), S. 111-127 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Electron Microscopy ; Coronary Arteries ; Atherosclerosis ; Aging ; Smooth Muscle
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The coronary arteries were studied by electron microscopy in normal rats weighing 65 to 535 gm; fixation was accomplished by perfusion for 20 min at 110–130 mm Hg. In rats of all ages (but especially in the oldest) the arterial wall contained deposits of abnormal intercellular material, consisting of granules, vesicles, myelin figures and other debris. These deposits were present in the intima and media, but rare in the adventitia; there was suggestive evidence that medial cells phagocytized some of the material. The adventitia was characterized by 1–4 layers of cells with extremely thin protoplasmic expansions wrapped around the vessel (“veil cells”) and containing lysosome-like bodies as well as phagosomes. These findings, taken as a whole, suggest the following sequence of events. During normal life, the media produces cellular debris, by cell death as well as by fragmentation of cellular processes; part of these debris are phagocytized by smooth muscle cells, part diffuse outward to the adventitia where they are taken up by specialized cells (the “veil cells”). However, due to relative inadequacy of phagocytosis in the media, the debris continue to accumulate and form intercellular deposits that increase with age. It is possible that this natural phenomenon may by itself set a maximal limit to the life-span of the arterial wall.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 363 (1974), S. 249-258 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Hypertensin (Angiotensin) ; Catecholamins ; So-Called Epinephrine Myocarditis ; Rat Heart ; Optical Microscopy ; Electron Microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Pathomorpliological comparative studies on structural damage to rat cardiac muscle following administration of hypertensin and arterenol, with and without pretreatment with reserpine to empty the catecholamine reserves were performed. The question is whether and to what degree angiotensin induced cardiac damage, which is viewed microscopically as the so-called epinephrine myocarditis, can be regarded as an indirect catecholamine effect. The following could be deduced: 1. Hypertensin causes a damage pattern similar to that of arterenol as seen under the light microscope and corresponds to the so-called epinephrine myocarditis. 2. The electron microscope demonstrates definite differences in the pattern of damage to the myocardium: hypertensin affects primarily the mitochondria, while arterenol affects the myofibrils. 3. Hypertensin and arterenol damage mainly the subendocardial tissue of the left heart: hypertensin affects more the region of the base of the left ventricle, arterenol more the region of the left ventricle apex. 4. Pretreatment with reserpine blocks the damaging effects of hypertensin in the rat heart for 12 hours. After 24 hours the full picture of the damage pattern has reappeared. Arterenol is lethal to animals pretreated with reserpine. 5. The pathogenesis of the damaging effects of hypertensin on rat cardiac muscle is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 143 (1974), S. 159-183 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Bone ; Femur ; Development ; Gravity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The significance of similitude principles for the postnatal development of the cross-sectional area at midlength of the human and rat femur has been subjected to an investigation based both on theory and on observation. Cross sections were taken from 69 femora of female Sprague-Dawley rats 34, 72, 102, and 840 days old and from the right human femora of 94 males and 58 females ranging from 1 day to 89 years of age. The regression of the square-root of the cross-sectional area divided by π on femur length is linear in the rats. The empirical regression line estimated by the method of least squares from the measurements and the theoretical curve calculated on the assumption of adaptive allometric growth and centrically applied loads are more or less alike in slope and elevation. The corresponding empirical relationship in the human femora turned out statistically nonlinear in the males and linear in the females. Comparing the empirical regression functions with five theoretical curves, it has been revealed that the observations are best approximated by two curves calculated on the assumption of centrically or eccentrically applied loads and adaptive allometric growth of the cross-sectional diameter. It was further uncovered that the cross-sectional diameters at midlength of the femur are not changed isometrically with femur length both in rats and in man. Considering a simple model of the human body in the stance phase of slow walking gait on the scale of a neonate and an adult male, the hypothesis was advanced that the stresses at midlength of the femur are not altered much while the femur grows from neonate to adult size, because the outer and inner radii of the femur actually change during growth in such a way that the effects due to scale are appropriately compensated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 27 (1974), S. 201-213 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy ; Spheroids ; Perikaryon ; Electron Microscopy ; Membranous Profiles ; Dense Bodies ; Protein Syntheses
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Electron microscopic findings of a cortical biopsy from a four-year-old child suffering from muscular weakness and psychomotor retardation are presented. Morphological evidence obtained in this study suggests a unique pathogenetic mechanism underlying INAD. The spheroids appear to be caused by an accumulation of a macromolecular substance synthesized in the neuron and transported to the nerve endings. The abnormal substance initially takes the form of an amorphous material, it eventually aggregates into highly characteristic angulated membranous profiles. The selective involvement of the nerve endings, synapses and motor end plates in this disease suggests a derangement of the metabolic pathway in the synthesis or packaging of the neurotransmitters or their receptors.
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 30 (1974), S. 271-276 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Intracranial Teratoma ; Electron Microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A massive congenital benign teratoma grossly replacing the cerebral hemispheres has been examined by light and electron microscopy. The tumor contained tissues derived from all three germ layers. The cerebellum showed morphological features suggesting a state of maturation equivalent to that of 20 to 25 weeks of gestation. The tumor is discussed in the light of present theories on the pathogenesis of teratomas.
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 27 (1974), S. 43-53 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Oncocytes ; Adenohypophysis ; Pituitary Adenoma ; Secretory Granules ; Electron Microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A light and electron microscopic study was undertaken on 3 surgically removed non-tumorous adenohypophyses and 16 pituitary adenomas. Numerous oncocytes have been found in 2 non-tumorous adenohypophyses and in 6 pituitary adenomas including 1 chromophobe adenoma which was composed almost exclusively of oncocytes. Thus, it seems that the occurrence of oncocytes in the anterior pituitary cannot be considered a rare finding. The distinctive feature of oncocytes is the abundance of mitochondria in their cytoplasm. This alteration can be so extensive that the entire cytoplasm is filled with mitochondria leaving only a small area for the remaining cytoplasmic organelles. Oncocytes arise from adenohypophysial cells. This transformation is gradual and is not restricted to one particular cell type. In the early phases of development of oncocytes the secretory granules are well preserved. Thus, hormone secretion is presumably maintained. It seems conceivable, however, that in the more advanced phases of evolution of oncocytes, when the secretory granules decrease in number, hormone production is diminished or stopped. Further investigations are, however, required to elucidate in detail the functional activity of oncocytes. It remains to be established whether mitochondrial accumulation is principally due to increased formation or delayed breakdown. As some mitochondria show signs indicating division it appears that multiplication of mitochondria is the underlying mechanism resulting in their significant increase. However, the possibility cannot be excluded that the life span of mitochondria is prolonged and mitochondrial longevity plays an important role in causing transformation of adenohypophysiocytes into oncocytes.
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy ; Hirano Bodies ; Papova Virus ; Paramyxovirus-like ; Nuclear Bodies ; Electron Microscopy ; Neurofibrillary Tangles
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We have identified three structures that have not previously been reported in electron microscopic examinations of brain from patients with PML: 1. coiled nuclear bodies that may possibly represent tubular paramyxovirus nucleocapsids, 2. Hirano bodies and 3. Neurofibrillary tangles. The paramyxovirus-like material is interesting in view of reports of a transition between nuclear bodies and tubular paramyxovirus nucleocapsids and because of a possible interaction between syncytiogenic paramyxoviruses and Papova viruses in the pathogenesis of SSPE and PML. A study of the Hirano bodies in this case, taken in conjunction with the findings of others leads us to believe that these structures are formed from an overgrowth of neurofilaments. The presence of tangled masses of neurofilaments in the processes of neurons also seen in the present case is consistent with this hypothesis.
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 28 (1974), S. 93-103 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Hexachlorophene Intoxication ; Toxic Encephalopathy ; Optic Nerve Necrosis ; Cerebral Edema ; Status Spongiosus ; Electron Microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary This is the first report of neuropathologic findings following oral ingestion of hexachlorophene in the human. The patient was a 7 year old boy who accidentally ingested 45 ml (approx.) of pHisoHex (hexachlorophene).Toxic reactions included nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, decrease in visual acuity, blurred vision blindness, somnolence and disorientation. He developed cardiac arrhythmia, fever, isoelectric EEG and finally respiratory and cardiac arrest 61 h after admission. Autopsy findings showed interstitial myocarditis, pneumonitis and acute bronchiolitis. The brain was edematous. Light microscopy revealed mild diffuse vacuolization of white matter, occasional neuronal degeneration, most prominent on deepest layers of the visual cortex. Disintegration of myelin sheaths and necrosis of axon cylinders were present throughoutoptic pathways. Electron microscopy revealed large, empty extracellular and intramyelinic spaces formed by splitting and separation of the myelin lamellae. These changes are known to occur in experimental animals intoxicated with hexachlorophene, triethyltin, isonicotinic acid hydrazide and cuprizone. However, with respect to hexachlorophene, the localization of lesions to be optic pathways appears to be dependent upon an oral route of administration.
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  • 22
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Neuroaxonal Dystrophy ; Infantile Autonomi Nervous System ; Electron Microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The autonomic nervous system is studied by electron microscopy for the first time in two siblings born of North African consanguineous parents and affected by infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy. The changes already reported in dystrophic axons of the central and peripheral nervous system, are seen in the myenteric plexus of rectum mucosa. The authors stress the diffuse involvement of the nervous tissue in this degenerative disorder of still unknown nature.
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 28 (1974), S. 331-341 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Craniopharyngioma ; Tissue Culture ; Electron Microscopy ; Enzyme Histochemistry ; Keratine ; Enamel ; Rosenthal Fibers
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Electron optical and enzyme histochemical investigations carried out on four craniopharyngiomas and their tissue cultures demonstrated that the tumour elements are keratinizing epithelial cells, plenty of tonofilaments, glycogen granules, mitochondria and desmosomes. Their ultrastructural and histochemical characteristics are the same in every part of the tumour (solid; cystic; “adamantinoma-like”). In the keratinizing cells, the reactions for non-specific esterases were high positive. The ultrastructural characteristics of the tumour cells grownin vitro are the same as thosein situ; the cells remain attached to one another by desmosomes and retain their capacity to produce keratine. This therefore seems to be a primary characteristic of the tumour cells and not a secondary dysmetabolic disturbance. Calcium was found onlyin situ. That the tumour cells may produce enamelin situ seems to be possible, but it could not be confirmed with certainty. The glial proliferation which is always presentin situ, is reactive and not neoplastic; thein vitro new built cell colonies consist only of epithelial elements.
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 29 (1974), S. 45-55 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Experimental Neural Tumours ; Ethylnitrosourea ; Electron Microscopy ; Lysosomes ; Acid Phosphatase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A single intravenous injection of 30 mg of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea per kg of body weight was administered to pregnant BD-IX rats on the 15th day of gestation. The neural tumours which developed in 97.5% of the offspring were gliomas and schwannomas. The demonstration of acid phosphatase in the neoplastic and reacting cells of these tumours was carried out at fine structural level. The enzyme activity was localised in lysosomes and in the innermost cisternae of the Golgi complexes. High acid phosphatase activity was related not only to degeneration, necrosis and phagocytosis but also to cellular differentiation and anaplasia.
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  • 25
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Steele-Richardson-Olszewski Syndrome ; Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ; Neurofibrillary Tangles ; Electron Microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The neurofibrillary tangles found in the neurons of a case of Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome were studied by electron microscopy. Both the flame-shaped and globose type of tangles were present. The neurofibrillary tangles were composed of bundles of straight tubules measuring approximately 150 Å in diameter. This ultrastructural appearance of the tangles in Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome is different from the appearance of tangles found in other neurological disorders and is probably indicative of intraneuronal accumulation of a new type of fibrous protein.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 26
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Polyneuropathy Associated with Adie's Syndrome ; Sural Nerve ; Electron Microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The sural nerve of a woman of 35 with chronic polyneuropathy and Adie's syndrome was examined by electron microscopy. Myelinated nerve fibres were absent and there was marked reduction in the number of unmyelinated fibres. Onion bulb formation was not observed. Collagen fibres occupied the intercellular spaces.
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  • 27
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Experimental Neural Tumours ; Ethylnitrosourea ; Electron Microscopy ; Thiamine Pyrophosphatase ; Adenosine Triphosphatase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The fine structural localisation of thiamine pyrophosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase was carried out in gliomas and schwannomas induced transplacentally by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea. The activity of thiamine pyrophosphatase was observed in the Golgi complexes and appeared to be directly related to cellular differentiation and reactive changes. The Mg2+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase was localised at the cell membrane, in the pinocytotic vesicles of various cells and in the basement membrane of some capillaries. This enzyme, showing high activity in differentiated cells, indicated the activity of membrane-bound cellular transport.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 29 (1974), S. 211-222 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Experimental Gliomas ; Ethylnitrosourea ; Electron Microscopy ; Virus-like Particles
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Two unusual, intracytoplasmic structures, resembling viruses, are described in experimental gliomas which were induced transplacentally on the 15th day of gestation in BD-IX rats by a single intravenous injection of 30 mg of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea per kg of body weight. These structures are tubules within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and large coated vesicles in the Golgi region. The tubules are of indeterminate length and have inner and outer walls of 9–11 nm and 20–22 nm respectively. The large coated vesicles are 80–90 nm in diameter and their outer surface is covered by regular, equidistant spikes of 12–15 nm in length. The vesicles are closely related to the Golgi complexes, from which they appear to originate. The intracisternal tubules and large coated vesicles share certain morphological features both with viruses and with normal cell organelles. The origin and significance of these structures are discussed.
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 30 (1974), S. 315-328 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Human Adenovirus Type 12 ; Sprague-Dawley Rats ; Intracerebral Inoculation ; Medulloepitheliomatous Neoplasm ; Giant Tumor Cells ; Electron Microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Solid medullary brain and spinal cord neoplasms developed in all 10 offspring of an outbred Sprague-Dawley rat, between 37 and 99 days after a single postnatal (within 24 hrs) inoculation of 0.05 ml of human adenovirus type 12, 103.5–104.5 TCID50 HeLa cells/0.1 ml in the left frontal lobe. Seven rats developed multicentric neoplasms in both hemispheres and in peri-aqueductal areas of the brain stem, one of which was associated with an incipient spinal cord tumor in the sacral segment. One rat developed a solid tumor involving the right parieto-occipital region. The remaining two cases were solid spinal cord tumors arising from the dorsal half of the thoracolumbar segments. The remarkably uniform microscopic appearance was designated as a counterpart of human embryonic neuronal neoplasms. Characteristic neuronal and multinucleated giant cells emerged throughout the tumor tissue with argentaffine, neurofibril-like cytoplasmic expansions and a unique cilium (a 9+0 pattern of tubules) associated with a pair of centrioles. This cilium morphology was also a hallmark of the majority of tumor cells that formed characteristic pseudorosettes. The occasional emergence of two sets of cilia and centrioles in monstrous cells suggested probable modes of cytogenesis in relation to cessation of abnormal cell division.
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 30 (1974), S. 33-41 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Organic Mercury Compound ; Late Pathological Changes in Peripheral Nerves ; Electron Microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Wistar strain of male rats of 100–110 g were used, 5 for an experimental and 5 for control group. 1 mg of organic mercury (methyl methylmercuric sulfide: CH3HgSCH3) was given by mouth each day for 10 days (total dose 9–10 mg) to the experimental group. 600 days afterwards the experimental and control rats were killed. Only the peripheral nerves showed changes, small myelinated nerve fibres with thick myelin sheaths in groups. Around these fibres occurred extremely small myelinated nerve fibres and isolated large unmyelinated fibres, and appeared to be regenerated fibres. Destruction of myelin sheaths and cavity formation in the axons were observed in these fibres. The changes in the axons were remarkable at the nodes of Ranvier.
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 30 (1974), S. 11-24 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Ataxia ; Rabbit ; Degeneration ; Cochlear Nuclei ; Electron Microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary This hereditary animal ataxia is selective in its sites of involvement within the nervous system, which include principally the central cerebellar, vestibular and cochlear nuclei. Ultrastructural detail has been described for central cerebellar and vestibular nuclei. Herein the cochlear complex of 18 rabbits with this ataxic condition (ax/ax from the strain AX of the Jackson Laboratory) have been examined. The gene is a lethal one, but the animals were used before they became moribund and between 7 and 57 days after the onset of symptoms. By light microscopy nine cell types (Osen, 1969a, b; 1970) have been identified in the cochlear nuclei of the cat. That distribution can also be identified in electron micrographs of rabbit cochlear nuclei, providing there is a singular opportunity to compare cellular vulnerabilities within the ataxic condition, and establish the principal features of associated neuropil alterations. The cochlear nuclei, cerebellar cortex and central nuclei, and the vestibular nuclei, arise from the ependyma of the rhombic lip of the fourth ventricle, making them close allies in their genetic origins. Pathological alterations were evident in scattered neurons from all nuclear sources by 7–15 days following symptom onset. At 15 days the number of altered neurons evident in electronmicrographs had increased markedly, cells becoming involved at a more rapid pace than those already affected could be removed. Much glycogen is evident from 7 days onwards in both neuropil and neurons. It occurs in considerable amounts in astrocytic processes and less abundantly in endbulbs and somata. By 20 to 25 days spongioform changes in neuropil are prominent, and thereafter the extracellular spaces coalesce to produce a lacunar appearance showing little glycogen. It would appear, therefore, that all neuron types, the endbulbs, and the astrocytic processes are markedly involved simultaneously in the spongioform transformation which features this type of ataxia. Involvement of cochlear nuclei only differs in pathological detail from that found at the other involved sites, and the differences seen relate principally to the architectonics of the nuclei, including size and density of the packing of contained elements.
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 30 (1974), S. 155-173 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): GM1-Gangliosidosis ; Glycoproteins ; β-Galactosidase ; Lysosomal Disease ; Electron Microscopy ; Genetics of GM1-Gangliosidosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Post-mortem studies on a 6-year old boy with GM1-gangliosidosis, Type II revealed no evidence of accumulation of residual bodies nor of gangliosides or glycoproteins in liver and spleen. In brain tissue the ganglioside GM1 accounted for 70% of the ganglioside fraction and ganglioside-NANA was increased 3.6 fold over controls. In addition, the brain tissue contained large amounts of glycoprotein, glycoprotein derived galactose being increased 2.5 times. The neuronal accumulation of tertiary lysosomes exhibited a characteristic distributional pattern: in general the large neuronal perikarya were more consistently involved with the exception of the motor cells of the cranial nerve nuclei, III, IV, and VI. In addition to characteristic MCB's, the nerve cells contained residual bodies with a granulo-floccular matrix, presumed to represent glycoproteins. The distribution of the mutant gene was studied among 30 blood relatives of the proband at risk and 6 carriers could be ascertained on the basis of a reduced leukocytic β-galactosidase activity. The partly purified enzyme from the patient's liver revealed 20% activity as compared to that of normal controls. All three fractions obtained by DEAE cellulose column chromatography exhibited markedly reduced activity at pH 3.6, but nearly normal activity at pH 6.6. The reduced activity corresponded to the B component of the enzyme as shown by electrophoretic separation. It is pointed out that this case cannot be diagnosed as “generalized gangliosidosis” for the process of ganglioside accumulation was restricted to nervous tissue.
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 30 (1974), S. 189-196 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Lafore Bodies ; Polysaccharidosis ; Electron Microscopy ; Epilepsia ; Histochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Cerebral biopsies of three patients aged 22, 18 and 16 years with myoclonic epilepsy contained Lafory bodies. Two were a brother and sister of consanguineous parents. The Lafora bodies occurred in most neurons but not in glial cells. The ultrastructure of these bodies showed a fibrillar and granular material in the perikaryon and neuropile. In some neurons small Lafora bodies were delimited by a double membrane, suggesting that in early phases they have a membrene which disappears when they become more developed. Other non-specific neuron alterations are described. One of the cases presented in the liver PAS positive bodies of a structure different from the Lafora bodies.
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 27 (1974), S. 1-10 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Leprosy ; Lepromatous ; Axonal Bacillation ; Schwann Cells ; Electron Microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary M. leprae bacilli in nerves of 3 patients with lepromatous leprosy were found in the axoplasm of myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers. Axonal bacillation occurred in as much as 2% of myelinated axons. Bacilli within Schwann cells were a more common finding in lepromatous leprosy that intra-axonal bacilli. Intra-axonal bacillation probably represents a late stage phenomenon in lepromatous leprosy. Intra-axonal bacilli may contribute to the dissemination of leprosy by migration of bacilli within the axon, and may contribute directly to nerve fiber destruction.
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 27 (1974), S. 69-82 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Chronic Nerve Compression ; Median Nerve ; Guinea-Pig ; Electron Microscopy ; Degeneration ; Regeneration
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In guinea-pigs with chronic median nerve compression at the wrist the electron microscopic changes at level of the lesion and both proximal and distal to it have been studied. At the level of the lesion in animals with prolonged motor latency there was a loss of large myelinated fibres. Remaining large fibres had disproportionately thin myelin sheaths or were demyelinated. Regenerating clusters containing myelinated fibres were present. Evidence of degeneration and regeneration of unmyelinated fibres was present in the more severely affected nerves of this group. Distal to the wrist myelinated fibre density recovered, with regenerating clusters and many axons having disproportionately thin myelin sheaths. Midforearm and upper arm levels were normal. In nerves in which no muscle response to electrical stimulation could be recorded in the palm, a few fibres devoid of myelin remained at the wrist. Immediately proximal to it myelinated fibres were rare, the main feature being Schwann cells containing axons devoid of myelin some of which were degenerating. Degeneration of myelinating fibres within regenerating clusters was seen. At the mid-forearm level large myelinated fibres were reduced and increased numbers of regenerating clusters were seen. Evidence of regeneration of unmyelinated fibres was found. The upper arm was normal.
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  • 36
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Myxopapillary Ependymoma ; Tissue and Organ Culture ; Electron Microscopy ; Basement Membrane
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Explants of a myxopapillary ependymoma were grown on collagen-coated coverslips and in organ culture systems using gelfoam sponge matrices and Millipore filter platforms. The tumor cultured on collagen-coated coverslips initially exhibited the cytologic features of simple uni- and bipolar glial cells and later developed an epithelial-like pattern. Delicate branching of argyrophilic cell processes was demonstrated in Bodian preparations. In organ cultures, the tumor architecture was well preserved for approximately 4 weeks, and mitotic figures were present. Invasion of the sponge foam matrix was seen. Later cultures demonstrated progressive perivascular sclerosis and hyalinization. By electron microscopy, the tumor cells in organ culture systems retained the major fine structural characteristics of the original neoplasm up to 27 daysin vitro. The most striking feature in the late stages was the extensive increase and reduplication of basement membrane material, which appeared related to the increase of collagen fibrils in the extracellular space.
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 27 (1974), S. 247-256 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Werdnig-Hoffmann's Disease ; Electron Microscopy ; Muscle Biopsy ; Myotube-like Cells
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary An ultrastructural study was carried out on muscle biopsies of 7 children with Werdnig-Hoffmann's disease. The muscle fibres were classified into 3 categories: 1. Muscle cells of normal diameter without any distinct or only slight changes. 2. Small muscle cells with a large central nucleus with the appearance of myoblast at a later stage of development. 3. Cells resembling myotubes containing in a common basement membrane two to four cells at different stages of maturation. Myoblast and myotube-like cells seemed to resemble foetal muscle fibres. Such fibres appear to represent an arrest in maturation rather than muscle atrophy.
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  • 38
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Jimpy Mouse ; Electron Microscopy ; Mouse Mutant ; Myelination ; Axonal Growth
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A quantitative study of the myelination and axonal growth in the corpus callosum and posterior columns of the spinal cord in the Jimpy mouse gave the following results: The reduction in the number of myelinated fibers is much more important in regions with late myelination, e.g. corpus callosum and pyramidal tracts than in the previously myelinated fascicles of Goll and Burdach. There is an important delay in the increase in volume of axons particularly within the structures of late myelination. The importance of the lacking axonal growth in relation to myelination is discussed.
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 30 (1974), S. 73-84 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): GM1 Gangliosidosis ; Friesian Calves ; Inborn Metabolic Error ; Histochemistry ; Electron Microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Histoenzymic and ultrastructural alterations in the brains of seven calves with GM1 gangliosidosis are described. A decreased oxidative enzyme activity in neurons was accompanied by an increase in acid phosphatase activity. Membranous cytoplasmic bodies were present in neurons and glia. The periodicity of the membranes was about 5.5 to 6.0 nm. Electron-dense, membrane-bound inclusions were present in perithelial cells. The lesions were compared with those of gangliosidoses in other species.
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 30 (1974), S. 145-154 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Aseptic Meningitis ; Atheromatous Material ; Hypersensitivity ; Electron Microscopy ; Macrophages ; Pia-Arachnoid ; Granuloma
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary 500 mg of sterile pooled human atheromatous material was injected into the cisterna magna of 6 mongrel dogs. Repeated cisternal punctures were done at various intervals until sacrifice from 1 day to 28 days following injection. CSF was obtained for cell count, sugar, protein and analysis in the Technicon 6/60 which measured 14 additional chemical and enzymatic variables. All 6 animals showed a prompt cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis which largely subsided during the first 2 weeks after injection. Increased CSF protein content developed more slowly, but was more prolonged than the pleocytosis. There was a variable decrease in CSF sugar and increase in CSF lactate dehydrogenase, calcium and inorganic phosphorous. Light and electron microscopic studies showed an intense acute inflammatory reaction with marked phagocytosis of the foregin material, probably by arachnoidal cells and moderate edematous changes in the astrocytic processes at the site of injection. During the first 2 weeks after the injection the inflammatory reaction became chronic and the edematous changes in the medulla subsided.
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 30 (1974), S. 175-181 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Reacting Astrocytes ; Phagocytosis ; Experimental Gliomas ; Ethylnitrosourea ; Electron Microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The fine structure of reacting astrocytes in experimental gliomas has been described. These tumours were induced transplacentally by 30 mg of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea per kg of body weight injected into the tail vein of pregnant BD-IX rats on the 15th day of gestation. In tumour-bearing animals astrocytes undergo striking morphological changes and show increased mitotic activity. Reacting astrocytes around gliomas display large, eccentric, irregular nuclei and the abundant cytoplasm contains an increased number of cell organelles. The most dramatic increase is in glial filaments: these form thick bundles at the periphery of the cells and in the processes which are frequently seen around demyelinated axons. Reacting astrocytes engulf and break down myelin sheaths: their remnants, lamellar inclusion bodies and lipid droplets, are present in the cytoplasm. Extravasated erythrocytes are also surrounded by and digested in reacting astrocytes. Numerous lysosomes could provide the necessary enzymes for the phagocytic activity of these cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 14 (1974), S. 251-255 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Cartilage ; Bone ; Vitamin A ; Phosphatases
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Au cours d'une étude du cartilage épiphysaire de poulets normaux et déficients en vitamine A, la composition organique et l'activité phosphatasique du cartilage au repos, du cartilage en voie d'ossification et de l'os nouvellement formé ont été mesurées. Le cartilage en voie d'ossification et l'os nouvellement formé ont un contenu plus élevé en matériel inorganique, phosphate et collagène que le cartilage au repos. Une déficience en vitamine A provoque une augmentation du contenu en phospholipide de tous les trois tissus. Le cartilage au repos, en cas de déficience en vitamine A, présente, après homogénéisation et centrifugation, un surnageant dont l'activité en phosphatase alcaline et en glycérophosphatase est plus élevée que celle des témoins. Il semble que les effets enzymatiques de l'avitaminose A soient liés à des altérations de la membrane lysosomiale avec décharge de phosphatases. La minéralisation normale semble aussi faire intervenir une activité phosphatasique.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Diese Arbeit beschreibt Untersuchungen des Epiphysenknorpels bei normalen Küken und solchen mit Vitamin-A-Mangel. Die organische Zusammensetzung und die Phosphatase-Aktivität in ruhendem Knorpel, ossifizierendem Knorpel und neugebildetem Knochen wurden gemessen. Der ossifizierende Knorpel und der neugebildete Knochen hatten einen höheren Gehalt an anorganischem Material, an Phosphat und Kollagen als der ruhende Knorpel. Vitamin-A-Mangel führte zu einem erhöhten Phospholipidgehalt in allen drei Geweben. Nach Homogenisierung und Zentrifugierung fand sich im Überstand des ruhenden Knorpels von Vitamin-A-Mangelgewebe eine höhere alkalische Phosphatase- und Glycero-phosphatase-Aktivität als bei den Kontrollen. Es wird angenommen, daß die Wirkung des Vitamin A-Mangels auf die Enzyme im Zusammenhang steht mit der Schädigung der lysosomalen Membran, wobei Phosphatasen freigesetzt werden, und daß die normale Mineralisierung die Phosphatasen-Aktivität ebenfalls anregt.
    Notizen: Abstract This paper reports studies of the epiphyseal cartilage in normal and vitamin A deficient chicks. The organic composition and the phosphatase activity in the resting cartilage, ossifying cartilage and new bone were measured. The ossifying cartilage and new bone had a higher content of inorganic material, phosphate and collagen than the resting cartilage. Vitamin A deficiency caused increase in the phospholipid content of all three tissues. The resting cartilage from vitamin A deficient tissue had, after homogenisation and centrifugation, a supernatant with an activity of alkaline phosphatase and glycerophosphatase higher than that in control samples. It is considered that effects of vitamin A deficiency on enzymes are related to defects of the lysosomal membrane with release of phosphatases, and that normal mineralisation also involves phosphatases activity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 14 (1974), S. 283-289 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Sodium fluoride ; Osteoporosis ; Bone ; Strength ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé L'utilisation thérapeutique de fluorure de sodium a été recommandée dans le traitement de diverses maladies osseuses ostéopéniques. Cet emploi est basé principalement sur les effects ostéosclérotiques bien connus du fluorure de sodium, mais on connait mal son effet sur la force de résistance osseuse. L'influence de diverses concentrations de fluorure de sodium sur la force de résistance osseuse de jeunes rats soumis à des régimes riches et pauvres en calcium a été étudiée. L'administration de fluorure de sodium augmente le diamètre osseux, indiquant une stimulation de la formation de l'os périosté, mais la force de résistance osseuse est réduite ou non modifiée par l'ingestion de fluor.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Die therapeutische Verwendung von Natriumfluorid ist für eine Anzahl von Knochenmangel-Krankheiten empfohlen worden. Die Empfehlungen basieren hauptsächlich auf den bekannten osteosklerotischen Wirkungen von Natriumfluorid; über dessen Effekt auf die Knochenstärke ist wenig bekannt. In dieser Arbeit wurde der Einfluß verschiedener Konzentrationen von Natriumfluorid auf die Knochenstärken von wachsenden Ratten mit hoher und niederer Calciumeinnahme untersucht. Die Verabreichung von Natriumfluorid erhöhte den Knochendurchmesser, was auf eine Stimulierung der Periostbildung hinwies, die Knochenstärke wurde jedoch durch Fluorideinnahme herabgesetzt oder nicht beeinflußt.
    Notizen: Abstract The therapeutic use of sodium fluoride has been recommended in a variety of osteopenic bone diseases. The recommendations are based mainly on the known osteosclerotic effects of sodium fluoride and little information is available as to its effect on bone strength. The influence of various concentrations of sodium fluoride on bone strength in growing rats on high and low calcium diets was studied. The administration of sodium fluoride increased bone diameter, indicating stimulation of periosteal bone formation, but bone strength was reduced or not affected by fluoride ingestion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 14 (1974), S. 291-299 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone ; Collagenase ; Lysozyme
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Du lysozyme de blanc d'œuf, ainsi que des protéines basiques, telles que de l'histone et une base dépourvue de protamine, semblent inhiber la collagénase osseuse de souris. L'inhibition de collagénase osseuse de souris par le lysozyme est mise en évidence lorsque l'activité de la collagénase est étudiée en utilisant du collagène comme substrat à l'état solide, mais non lorsque le collagène est utilisé en solution. D'autre part, l'inhibition de l'activité en collagénase par l'histone et une base dépourvue de protamine est observée dans les deux systèmes. L'inhibition de collagénase ossuese de souris par des molécules polyanioniques est intéressante, étant donné que des travaux antérieurs ont montré que plusieurs molécules polyanioniques telles que l'héparine, le sulfate de dextrane et l'acide polyethylenesulfonique augmentent l'activité de collagénase osseuse de souris dans les mêmes conditions expérimentales. Comme le lysozyme est largement présent dans les tissus conjonctifs et que sa concentration carie avec l'ampleur du remaniement tissulaire, l'inhibition de la collagénase osseuse de souris suggère un role éventuel dans la régulation de la dégradation du collagène, pendant le remaniement des tissus collagéniquesin vivo au cours d'états normaux et pathologiques.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Lysozyme aus Hühnereiweiß sowie Basis-Proteine, wie z. B. Histon und Protamin-freie Basen, erwiesen sich als Hemmer der Mäuseknochen-Kollagenase. Diese Hemmung durch Lysozym wurde festgestellt, wenn für die Messung der Kollagenase-Aktivität Kollagen in Substanz als Substrat verwendet wurde, nicht aber, wenn das Substrat aus gelöstem Kollagen bestand. Andererseits wurde die Hemmung der Kollagenase-Aktivität durch Histon und Protamin-freie Basen in beiden Versuchssystemen festgestellt. Die Hemmung von Mäuseknochen-Kollagenase durch polykationische Moleküle ist interessant, vor allem im Hinblick auf frühere Feststellungen, daß mehrere polyanionische Moleküle, wie Heparin, Dextransulfat und Polyaethylensulfonsäure, die Aktivität der Mäuseknochen-Kollagenase unter denselben experimentellen Bedingungen erhöhen. Da Lysozym in Bindegeweben überall verteilt ist und da dessen Konzentration mit der Neubildungsrate des Gewebes variiert, läßt die Hemmung der Mäuseknochen-Kollagenase durch Lysozym dessen mögliche Rolle in der Regulierung des Kollagenabbaues vermuten, und zwar während der Neubildung von Kollagengeweben in vivo in normalen und pathologischen Zuständen.
    Notizen: Abstract Egg white lysozyme, as well as basic proteins such as histone and protamine-free base, were found to inhibit mouse bone collagenase. The inhibition of mouse bone collagenase by lysozyme was detected when the activity of the collagenase was assayed using collagen as the substrate in the solid state, but not when the collagenase activity was assayed using collagen in solution as the substrate. On the other hand, the inhibition of collagenase activity by histone and protamine-free base was observed in both assay systems. The inhibition of mouse bone collagenase by polycationic molecules is interesting in light of previous findings that several polyanionic molecules, such as heparin, dextran sulfate and polyethylenesulphonic acid, enhance the activity of mouse bone collagenase under the same experimental conditions. Since lysozyme is widely distributed in connective tissues and its concentration varies with the rate of tissue remodeling, the inhibition of mouse bone collagenase by lysozyme suggests its possible role in the regulation of collagen degradation during the remodeling of collagenous tissuesin vivo during normal and pathological states.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 15 (1974), S. 11-20 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone ; Growth ; Resorption ; Caudal ; Vertebra ; Fluorescence
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Une méthode de mesure de l'apposition et de la résorption osseuse est mise au point au niveau de la septième vertèbre caudale de jeunes rats, pesant 25–90 g, pendant la période de croissance. Cette pièce osseuse a des avantages certains par rapport à d'autres localisations, car elle est symétrique en coupe transversale et non affectée par des forces corticales. En utilisant trois marqueurs d'os différents, fluorescents en lumière ultra-violette, administrés à des intervalles de 3, 5 ou 7 jours, les modifications de croissance sont observées sur des coupes transversales centrales, non décalcifiées, de la septième vertèbre caudale. Une formation osseuse linéaire se développe à une vitesse moyenne de 10.0 μ/jour et une résorption linéaire de 6.1μ/jour est notée. Pendant la période de croissance observée, la formation osseuse s'observe exclusivement à la surface du périoste et la résorption se fait le long de la surface de l'endoste. A ce niveau l'os est totalement résorbé, chez des animaux de 25 g en 22–26 jours. Il semble que chez des animaux plus âgés, une formation osseuse endostée se développe rendant alors impossible toute étude prolongée dans cette région.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Methode zur Messung der Knochenbildungs- und Resorptionsgeschwindigkeiten im siebten Caudalwirbel junger Ratten während ihrer Wachstumsperiode von 25–90 g beschrieben. Dieser Knochen hat gegenüber jenen, die vorgängig untersucht wurden, den großen Vorteil, in transversalen Schnitten symmetrisch und unbeeinflußt von kortikalen Unregelmäßigkeiten zu sein. Die Art der Wachstumsveränderungen wurden an nichtentkalkten zentralen Transversalschnitten der siebten Caudalwirbeln bestimmt; dazu wurden drei verschiedene, farbige, im UVbereich fluoreszierende Knochenmarkierungssubstanzen verabreicht und zwar in 3-, 5- oder 7tägigen Intervallen. Die lineare Knochenbildung fand mit einer mittleren Geschwindigkeit von 10,0 μ pro Tag statt, die lineare Knochenresorption mit einer solchen von 6,1 μ pro Tag. Während der untersuchten Wachstumsperiode fand die Knochenbildung ausschließlich an der Periostoberfläche und die Knochenresportion an der endostalen Oberfläche statt. Der Knochen, der beim 25 g schweren Tier an diesem Ort vorlag, verschwand durch die endostale Resorption innerhalb von 22–26 Tagen
    Notizen: Abstract A method for measuring bone formation and resorption rates in the seventh caudal vertebra of young rats during the growth period from 25–90 g is reported. This bone site has unique advantages over those previously studied, being symmetrical in transverse section and uncomplicated by cortical drift. Utilising three different coloured ultraviolet fluorescent bone labelling substances administered at either 3, 5 or 7 day intervals, the nature of growth changes was determined from undecalcified central transverse sections of the seventh caudal vertebrae. Linear bone formation occurred at a mean rate of 10.0 μ/day and linear bone resorption at 6.1 μ/day. During the growth period studied, bone formation occurred exclusively on the periosteal surface and bone resorption on the endosteal surface. Bone existing in this site in 25 g animals was completely removed by endosteal resorption within 22–26 days. Evidence exists that in older rats endosteal bone formation occurs and renders the site unsuitable for long term studies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 15 (1974), S. 315-324 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone ; Mineral ; Osteogenesis ; Interference microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A method based on tetracycline labeling was developed for selecting, in frozen sections of fetal mouse femur, bone foci approximately 6, 24, 48 and 72 h of age. Microinterferometric measurements of these foci permitted a calculation of the effective thickness (t) and refractive index (n) of each focus. After demineralizing the sections by a method which left the organic portion of the bone intact, the foci were re-measured andt andn of the organic compartment of each focus were determined;t andn of the mineral compartment were calculated by difference. A sharp decrease and subsequent rise in then of whole bone occurred between 6 and 48 h. These changes derived from the mineral compartment, and were thought to have resulted from the formation of amorphous calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite, respectively. The mineral present in 6 h foci, however, was believed to be some precursor of amorphous calcium phosphate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 15 (1974), S. 329-332 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Microradiography ; Bone ; X-ray
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A low cost, self-contained, commercially available, X-ray apparatus which possesses the essential qualifications necessary to produce high resolution microradiographs of undecalcified bone is described. The widespread current use of this machine in pathology laboratories may make purchase of such a unit optional.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 16 (1974), S. 73-88 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Dentine ; Bone ; Histocytochemistry ; Physiological Calcification
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Histochemical methods were used to detect differences in amino acid reactive groups between bone and osteoid, dentine and predentine. Three major differences were found: Predentine and osteoid contained more reactive sulphydryls than their mineralized counterparts. The greatest reaction for this reactive group was obtained at the mineralizing front. Dentine and bone contained a complex between amino and carboxylic acid groups; predentine and osteoid did not have this complex and carboxylic acid residues were less in these tissues. Dentine and bone contained much greater amounts of histidine or a histidine-like component than did predentine and osteoid. It is proposed that these differences are involved in initiation of mineralization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 16 (1974), S. 169-182 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Histochemistry ; Alkaline phosphatases ; Calcification ; Bone ; Teeth
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Activity of alkaline phosphatases in unfixed cold microtome setions from the lower first molar area of newborn mice was recorded by histochemical methods. A substrate specificity test included the following phosphate compounds: ATP, CTP, GTP, UTP, ADP, AMP, GP, PPi, MDP and naphthol AS-TR phosphate. Intense staining was obtained in osteoblasts, stratum intermedium of the enamel organ and odontoblasts with all the substrates, except PPi and MDP. Staining of skeletal muscle fibres was obtained only with triphosphates as substrates. Addition of-SH groups decreased the hydrolysis of triphosphate compounds in cells involved in mineralization while the hydrolysis of monophosphate was inhibited. In contrast triphosphatase activity in striated muscle was enhanced when-SH compounds were added. Demineralization with EDTA diminished the cytoplasmic staining but induced a nuclear staining in hard tissue forming cells when triphosphates were used as substrates. No cytoplasmic and only slight nuclear staining was seen with GP or AMP as substrates. The triphosphate hydrolyzing capacity of tongue muscle fibres was, however, increased after the decalcification treatment. Addition of Mg2+ ions to the incubation media distinctly lowered the hydrolysis of triphosphates in the investigated tissues whereas the hydrolysis of ADP, AMP, GP and naphthol AS-TR phosphate remained unchanged. In view of the findings the triphosphatase activities at alkaline pH of muscle fibres and of cells related to hard tissue formation are considered to be due to activity of separate enzymes. The orthophosphate liberating enzyme activities at alkaline pH in osteoblasts, stratum intermedium and odontoblasts may be expressions of the catalytic functions of one common enzyme. Furthermore, the results indicate that CaATP might be the substrate used by the alkaline ATPase in mineralizing areas.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 16 (1974), S. 239-250 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): EHDP ; Bone ; Collagen ; Histology ; Bone chemical analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the short-term effects of various systemic doses of disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) on bone organic matrix and to relate these effects to the corresponding dose-related changes in bone mineral. EHDP was administered daily by subcutaneous injection at doses of 0.25, 2.5 and 40 mg/kg body weight for periods of one and two weeks. At both time intervals, rat tibiae were quantitatively analyzed for mineral content (ash, calcium and phosphorus) and for organic matrix content (matrix weight, nitrogen and certain amino acids). The latter data were correlated with semiquantitative histological analyses of the tibiae. Results of this study demonstrate that the short term effects of EHDP on bone chemistry and histology are variable and depend on the systemic dose and the duration of treatment. Systemic doses of 0.25 and 2.5 mg/kg EHDP following daily administration for one week resulted in transitory decreases in bone mineral content compared to controls. Following two weeks of treatment, both of these dose levels resulted in increased bone mineral content and, in addition, the 2.5 mg/kg dose resulted in tibiae which contained more organic matrix compared to control bones. In contrast to the low dose effects, a high systemic dose of EHDP—e.g. 40 mg/kg administered daily for 1 or 2 weeks—appears to act solely by inhibiting mineralization of newly-formed matrix.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 14 (1974), S. 31-48 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone ; Cartilage ; Calcification ; Collagen ; Phosphate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Une méthode pour l'étude de la croissance des os longs de foetus de rat, en culture d'organe, dans un milieu chimiquement défini, a été mise au point. Les extrémités cartilagineuses et les parties centrales de l'os sont analysées séparément pour leur croissance et minéralisation en étudiant leur contenu en collagène, calcium et phosphate, poids sec, et incorporation de proline marquée en hydroxyproline. La croissance et la minéralisation des parties centrales osseuses sont plus lentes dans un milieu chimiquement défini qu'in vivo. La croissance peut être accélérée en ajoutant au milieu des acides aminés non essentiels, de l'albumine ou du sérum. Les extrémités cartilagineuses présentent une augmentation plus importante en poids et contenu en collagène que les parties centrales et l'adjonction de diverses substances a moins d'effet sur la croissance. La croissance et la minéralisation des parties centrales sont augmentées en élevant la concentration du milieu en phosphate de 1.5 à 4.5 mM, avec ou sans adjonction de sérum ou d'albumine. A une concentration faible de calcium (0.5 mM), la croissance et la minéralisation des parties centrales sont arrêtées. A une concentration faible en magnésium (0.5 mM), la minéralisation est augmentée, mais la croissance est arrêtée.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Methode beschrieben, mit welcher das Wachstum der Röhrenknochen von Rattenembryos in einem chemisch bestimmten Medium in Organkultur untersucht werden kann. Die Knorpelenden und Knochenschäfte wurden gesondert auf Wachstum und Mineralisation geprüft, indem Collagen-, Calcium- und Phosphatgehalt, das Trockengewicht und der Einbau von markiertem Prolin in Hydroxyprolin gemessen wurden. Wachstum und Mineralisation des Knochenschaftes waren langsamer in einem chemisch bestimmten Medium als in vivo. Das Wachstum konnte beschleunigt werden, indem dem Medium nicht-essentielle Aminosäuren, Albumin oder Serum beigegeben wurden. Die Knorpelenden zeigten eine viel stärkere Zunahme an Gewicht und Collagengehalt als die Schäfte, und Anreicherung des Mediums hatte weniger Wirkung auf ihr Wachstum. Das Wachstum und die Mineralisation der Knochenschäfte nahmen zu, wenn die Phosphatkonzentration im Medium zwischen 1,5 und 4,5 mM erhöht wurde, und zwar unabhängig davon, ob dem Medium Serum oder Albumin beigegeben wurde oder nicht. Bei niederer Calciumkonzentration (0,5 mM) im Medium wurden Wachstum und Mineralisation der Knochenschäfte beeinträchtigt. Bei niedriger Magnesiumkonzentration (0,5 mM) wurden die Mineralisation erhöht, das Wachstum hingegen gehemmt.
    Notizen: Abstract A method for studying the growth of fetal rat long bones in a chemically defined medium in organ culture is described. Cartilage ends and bone shafts were analyzed separately for growth and mineralization by measuring the collagen, calcium, and phosphate content, dry weight, and incorporation of labeled proline into hydroxyproline. Growth and mineralization of the bone shaft were slower in a chemically defined medium thanin vivo. Growth could be enhanced by supplementation of the medium with non-essential amino acids, albumin or serum. Cartilage ends showed a greater increase in weight and collagen content than the shafts, and medium supplements had less effect on their growth. Bone shaft growth and mineralization were enhanced by increasing medium phosphate concentration over a range of 1.5 to 4.5 mM whether or not the medium was supplemented with serum or albumin. At a low medium calcium concentration (0.5 mM) bone shaft growth and mineralization were impaired. At a low magnesium concentration (0.5 mM) mineralization was enhanced, but growth was impaired.
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 14 (1974), S. 83-86 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone ; Reproductive cycle ; Pigeons ; Amorphous ; Crystalline
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Une étude de diffraction aux rayons X, au cours du cycle de ponte d'oeufs de pigeon, a été entreprise pour évaluer les modifications de la proportion entre les phases de phosphate de calcium amorphe et apatitique. La partie médullaire du fémur de pigeon est totalement résorbée au cours du cycle de reproduction. Au cours de ce processus, l'os contenant plus de phosphate de calcium amorphe est résorbé avant celui qui est riche en cristaux. Ainsi l'os à contenu amorphe plus élevé est métaboliquement plus actif que l'os riche en cristaux. L'os médullaire qui peut être induit chez le pigeon mâle par traitement aux oestrogènes, ressemble, au point de vue diffraction aux rayons X, à l'os médullaire des femelles au début du cycle de reproduction.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Mittels Röntgen-Diffraktion wurden die Veränderungen in den prozentualen Mengen der amorphen und der kristallinen Calciumphosphat-Phasen im Femur der Taube während des Eierlegens untersucht. Der medulläre Teil des Taubenfemur wird während des Fortpflanzungscyclus vollständig resorbiert. Dabei wird der Teil des Knochens, der mehr amorphes Calciumphosphat enthält, vor dem kristallreichen Teil resorbiert. Daraus folgt, daß der Stoffwechsel des Knochens mit höherem amorphem Gehalt aktiver ist als derjenige des Knochens mit höherem kristallinem Gehalt. Weiter konnte mittels Röntgendiffraktion festgestellt werden, daß der medulläre Knochen, welcher in männlichen Tauben durch Oestrogenbehandlung erzeugt werden kann, dem weiblichen medullären Knochen am Anfang des Fortpflanzungscyclus gleicht.
    Notizen: Abstract This is an X-ray diffraction study of the changes in the proportional amounts of the amorphous and apatitic calcium phosphate phases in pigeon femur during the egg-laying cycle. The medullary portion of pigeon femur is completely resorbed in the reproductive cycle. In this process the portion of bone which is higher in amorphous calcium phosphate is resorbed before the crystal-rich portion. Thus, bone with a higher amorphous content is more metabolically active than more crystalline bone. Finally, medullary bone which can be produced in male pigeons by estrogen treatment was found by X-ray diffraction to resemble female medullary bone at the beginning of the reproductive cycle.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 14 (1974), S. 49-58 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Glycosaminoglycans ; Intracellular ; Chondrocytes ; Cartilage ; Embryonal ; Bone
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Les glycosaminoglycanes acides de chondrocytes isolés, en suspension, sont étudiés. La matrice extracellulaire est isolée par traitement successif à la trypsine et à la collagénase d'os d'embryons de poulet, âges de 15 à 17 jours. Après digestion à la papaïne et élimination des acides nucléïques par traitement à la DNAse et à la RNAse, les glycosaminoglycanes sont précipités par le CPC et isolés sous la forme de leur sel sodique. Les analyses des propriétés de solubilité du CP glycosaminoglycane par le microfractionnement d'Antonopoulos et coll. (1964) révèlent la présence de glycosaminoglycanes intracellulaires de poids moléculaire et/ou de densité de charge nettement plus faibles que ceux de la matrice extracellulaire. Sur des électrophorèses de microzones, une petite partie des glycosaminoglycanes intracellulaires isolées présente une mobilité similaire à celle des solutions témoins de sulfate de chondroitine, alors que la portion la plus importante ne se déplace qu'à mi-distance de l'acide hyaluronique et montre une large trainée, indiquant une faible charge négative. Ce fait semble dû à une perte de l'influence de régulation des composants matriciels éliminées, sur la synthèse des glycosaminoglycanes et au rejet dans le milieu de glycosaminoglycanes initialement synthétisé. Pour la première fois, une faible quantité d'acide hyaluronique intracellulaire est mise en évidence par une mobilité électrophorétique typique.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Saure Glykosaminoglycane von isolierten Chondrocyten in Suspension wurden untersucht, und die extracelluläre Matrix von 15–17 Tage alten Knochen von Kükenembryos wurde durch die aneinanderfolgende Behandlung mit Trypsin und Collagenase erhalten. Nach der Papain-Verdauung und Beseitigung der Nucleinsäuren mittels DNS- und RNSase-Behandlung wurden die Glykosaminoglycane mit CPC gefällt und als Natriumsalz isoliert. Untersuchungen der Löslichkeit der CP-Glykosaminoglycane mittels des Mikrofraktionierungsverfahrens von Antonopouloset al. (1964) zeigten intracelluläre Glykosaminoglycane mit meist niedrigerem Molekulargewicht und/oder niedrigerer Ladungsdichte als diejenigen der extracellulären Matrix. In der Mikro-Zonen-Elektrophorese zeigte nur ein kleiner Teil der isolierten intracellulären Glykosaminoglycane eine Mobilität, die dem Standard des Chondroitinsulfats entsprach. Der größte Teil legte nur die halbe Distanz der Hyaluronsäure zurück und zeigte breites “Tailing”, was auf eine niedrigere negative Ladung hindeutet. Die Ursache dafür wurde interpretiert als Verlust eines regulierenden Einflusses der entfernten Matrixkomponenten auf die Glykosaminoglycan-Synthese und als Abgabe ursprünglich synthetisierter Glykosaminoglycane in das Medium. Es wurde erstmals, anhand der typischen elektrophoretischen Beweglichkeit, eine kleine Menge von intracellulärer Hyaluronsäure nachgewiesen.
    Notizen: Abstract Acid glycosaminoglycans were studied from isolated chondrocytes in suspension and the extracellular matrix obtained by sequential trypsin and collagenase treatment of 15- to 17-day-old embryonic chick bone. After papain digestion and removal of the nucleic acids by treatment with DNAse and RNAse, the glycosaminoglycans were precipitated by CPC and isolated as their sodium salt. Analyses of the CP-glycosaminoglycan solubility properties with the microfractionation procedure of Antonopouloset al. (1964) showed intracellular glycosaminoglycans of predominantly lower molecular weight and/or charge density than those of extracellular matrix. On micro-zone electrophoresis, only a minor part of the isolated intracellular glycosaminoglycans showed a mobility similar to that of the chondroitin sulphate standards while the major part moved only half the distance of hyaluronic acid and showed broad tailing, indicating a low negative charge. This was considered to be due to loss of a regulatory influence of the removed matrix components upon glycosaminoglycan synthesis and to release of originally synthesized glycosaminoglycans into the medium. For the first time, a small amount of intracellular hyaluronic acid was shown by typical electrophoretic mobility.
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 14 (1974), S. 161-168 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Diphosphonates ; Osteoid Synthesis ; Hydroxyproline ; Bone ; Formation-Resorption
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Deux diphosphonates, à savoir l'éthane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) et le dichlorométhane diphosphonate (Cl2MDP), inhibentin vitro la résorption osseuse qui est stimulée soit par la parathormone ou par voie intrinsèque dans un système de culture d'os en remaniement. Alors que le Cl2MDP est plus efficace que l'EHDP dans l'inhibition de la résorption, ce fait semble en rapport avec une diminution de le formation de tissu ostéoide. Il s'en suit une diminution biochimique et morphologique marquée du remaniement osseux avec le Cl2MDP à une concentration équivalent à 10 μg de phosphore/ml de milieu de culture. La différence d'activité entre l'EHDP et le Cl2MDP peu être liée à leur affinité relative pour les surfaces du minéral osseux et, par suite, à leur concentration effective dans la fluide extracellulaire osseux. Les diphosphonates pourraient aussi affecter l'os indirectement si l'on admet que le degré de minéralisation de la matrice est important pour l'induction et la régulation de l'activité ostéoblastique dans l'os en voie de remaniement.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Zwei Diphosphonate, Aethan-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonat (EHDP) und Dichloromethylen-Diphosphonat (Cl2MDP) hemmen in vitro die Knochenresorption. Diese wird verfolgt entweder mittels Stimulierung durch PH oder in einem Kultursystem, in welchem normale Knochenneubildung stattfindet. Während Cl2MDP die Resorption wirksamer hemmt als EHDP, scheint es ebenfalls eine Verminderung der Osteoidbildung zu verursachen. Dies bewirkt eine deutliche biochemische und morphologische Herabsetzung der Knochenneubildung, bei einer Cl2MDP-Konzentration von 10 μg Phosphor/ml Kulturmedium. Die unterschiedliche Wirksamkeit von EHDP und Cl2MDP läßt sich wahrscheinlich auf ihre verschiedenen Affinitäten zu der Oberfläche des Knochenminerals und somit auf ihre tatsächliche freie Konzentration in der extracellulären Flüssigkeit des Knochens zurückführen. Ausgehend von der Annahme, daß die Anregung und Regulierung der Osteoblasten-Aktivität bei der Knochenneubildung vom Ausmaß der Matrix-Mineralisation bestimmt wird, läßt sich die Vermutung aufstellen, daß die Diphosphonate die Knochenbildung auch indirekt beeinflussen können.
    Notizen: Abstract Two Diphosphonates, ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) and dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP) inhibitin vitro bone resorption, which is either stimulated by parathyroid hormone or intrinsic in a bone remodeling culture system. While Cl2MDP is more effective than EHDP in inhibiting resorption, it also appears to result in a related diminution in osteoid formation. This effect causes a marked biochemical and morphological depression of bone remodelling with Cl2MDP at a concentration equivalent to 10-μg-phosphorus/ml of culture medium. The difference in activity between EHDP and Cl2MDP may be related to their relative affinities for the bone mineral surfaces and hence their effective free concentration in the bone extracellular fluid. It is hypothesized that diphosphonates may also affect bone formation indirectly if one assumes that the degree of mineralization of the matrix is important in the induction and regulation of osteoblastic activity in remodelling bone.
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 14 (1974), S. 195-210 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone ; Fossil bone ; Bone resorption ; Boring channels ; Fungi
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé L'action ostéoclasique exercée par un champignon appartenant au genreMucor sur des os inhumés a été étudiée au point de vue morphologique. L'érosion ossuse donne lieu à des cavités et à des canalicules de percement, dont les parois apparaissent régulièrement calcifiées jusqu'a l'interface avec le champignon, ce qui veut dire que la réabsorption intéresse en même temps la matrice organique et les cristallites. Au contraire des ostéoclastes, la membrane du champignon ne montre jamais un bord en brosse au niveau des points où elle se met en contact avec le tissu osseux. De même l'examen au microscope électronique ne décele apparemment aucun passage de matériel dans l'épaisseur de la membrane ainsi que dans le protoplasme du champignon, ce qui porte à admettre qu'un processus de solubilisation a lieu au préalable. Seulement dans le cas où le champignon présente des phénomènes de vieillissement, des données font prévoir la libération d'une substance capable de décalcifier la matrice organique. Tous les résultats ci-dessu sont discutés de façon analytique et comparés à ceux fournis par les canalicules de percement des os fossiles.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Die osteoklastische Aktivität eines der Mucor-Gattung angehörenden Pilzes auf begrabene Knochen wurde morphologisch untersucht. Die Wirkung dieses Pilzes in der Knochenerosion führt zu Resorptionshöhlen und Bohrkanälen, deren Wände scharf und bis zur Oberfläche gut verkalkt sind; das bedeutet, daß die Knochenresorption gleichzeitig die Kristalliten und die organische Matrix in Mitleidenschaft zieht. Im Gegensatz zu den normalen Osteoklasten zeigt die Membran des Pilzes an den Berührungsstellen mit dem Knochengewebe keinen Bürstensaum. Ebenfalls läßt eine elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung keinen Durchgang von Substanzen durch die Membran und das Protoplasma des Pilzes erkennen, so daß man annehmen muß, daß vorher ein Auflösungsprozeß stattgefunden hat. Die Vermutung liegt nahe, daß eine Substanz, welche den anorganischen Knochenanteil aufzulösen vermag, sich
    Notizen: Abstract A morphological investigation has been carried out on the osteoclastic activity revealed by a fungus of theMucor genus on buried bone. The hallmark of its activity in eroding bone is the finding of resorption pits and boring channels whose walls are sharp and well calcified up to the free edge, suggesting that bone resorption affects crystallites and the organic matrix simultaneously. Unlike normal osteoclastic cells, the fungal membrane in contact with the bone shows no brush border. As the electron microscope reveals no migration of material to the fungal membrane and its protoplasm, the view is expressed that the material which reaches the fungus has been previously solubilized. There is good reason for supposing that a substance capable of solubilizing the inorganic bone fraction spreads freely through bone tissue, decalcifying the matrix, where, but only where, hyphae show the effects of ageing. All the findings are thoroughly discussed and compared with those furnished by the boring channels in fossil bone.
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 14 (1974), S. 245-249 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone ; Repair ; Histology ; Implant
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Um modèle expérimental, destiné à l'étude de la cicatrisation osseuse, est mis au point. Il permet d'obtenir du tissu osseux pour des études qualitatives et quantitatives. Des tubes de nylon sont implantés dans l'alvéole d'incisives extraites de cobayes. Une étude histologique de coupes longitudinales montrent que les implants de nylon ne retardent pas la cicatrisation des lésions osseuses et contiennent suffisamment de tissus pour des études biochimiques.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Es wurde ein Modellsystem zum Studium der Knochenwiederherstellung entwickelt, mit Hilfe dessen man von dem sich wiederbildenden Knochengewebe Proben für die qualitative und quantitative Bestimmung entnehmen kann. Dazu wurden in die Alveolen extrahierter Schneidezähne von Meerschweinchen Nylonschläuchlein eingelegt. Die histologische Untersuchung von Längsschnitten zeigte, daß die Nylonimplantate den Wiederherstellungsprozeß des Knochendefektes nicht verzögerten, daß sie herauspräpariert werden konnten und genügend Gewebe enthielten, um für biochemische Untersuchungen verwendet zu werden.
    Notizen: Abstract A model system for the study of bone repair has been developed which allows the recovery of repairing osseous tissue for qualitative and quantitative evaluation. Nylon tubes were implanted in the alveoli of extracted incisors in guinea pigs. A histological study of longitudinal sections showed that the nylon implants did not delay the reparative processes of the bony defect, could be dissected out and contained sufficient tissue to be used in biochemical studies.
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 15 (1974), S. 45-54 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone ; Fluoride ; Microhardness ; Mineralization ; Strength
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Microhardness was measured in sampling sites in the tibial diaphysis of control rats that received less than 1 ppm fluoride in the drinking water, and experimental rats that received 30, 90 and 120 ppm fluoride in the drinking water for 17 days. The latter dose was toxic, as evidenced by a decreased final body weight in this group. By means of tetracycline labelling, it was possible to measure bone hardness in four zones of increasing bone age: I) 3 days, II) 8 days, III) 13 days and IV) 22 days. Zones I through III represented bone formed during fluoride treatment, and Zone IV bone formed before fluoride treatment. In the control group, microhardness increased from Zone I to II, probably because mineral concentration was relatively low in Zone I, and remained constant thereafter. In the 90 and 120 ppm fluoride-treated groups, maximum microhardness was not achieved until Zone III. This delay was probably due to the fact that fluoride in large doses inhibits the rate of mineralization. In the 30 ppm fluoride-treated group, there was no delay in achievement of maximum microhardness; microhardness values in Zones I and III were greater than those in control animals, and microhardness in Zone III was higher than that in Zone IV. These results show that: 1) bone microhardness is increased in bone formed during fluoride treatment in rats given 30 ppm fluoride in the drinking water, 2) toxic doses of fluoride delay, but do not prevent achievement of normal maximum microhardness, and 3) changes in microhardness are seen only in bone formed during fluoride treatment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 15 (1974), S. 71-76 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone ; Calcium ; Deficiency ; Osteoporosis ; Species
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract 21-day-old rats and mice were fed a low-calcium diet (0.02% Ca) or a normal diet (0.5% Ca) for two weeks. Administration of the low-calcium diet resulted in greater decreases in femur ash content and serum calcium in rats than in mice. Microscopic examination revealed that metatarsal bones from a majority of the rats fed a low-calcium diet displayed moderate or severe osteoporotic changes whereas bones from mice were either normal or displayed only slight osteoporotic changes under the same experimental conditions. These results indicate that mice are better able to adapt to a low-calcium diet than are rats of the same age.
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 15 (1974), S. 111-123 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Fluoride ; Calcium ; Phosphorus ; Bone ; Periosteum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Une méthode d'estimation de la surface périostée de l'os en voie de minéralisation est mise au point et appliquée à des porcs recevant 2 mg de fluorure par Kg de poids et par jour pendant 10 mois. L'adjonction de fluor intervient significativement dans le cas d'une déficience en calcium et phosphore. La surface en voie de minéralisation est nettement réduite. Lorsque le calcium et phosphore sont normaux, l'addition de fluorure augmente nettement la surface en voie de minéralisation. Le microscope électronique à balayage permet de mettre en évidence au niveau de l'os une perte de l'orientation longitudinale des fibers et des surfaces poreuses irrégulières chez les animaux soumis au floor.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Zur Bestimmung der verkalkenden Oberfläche des Periosts wurde eine Methode entwickelt und bei Schweinen angewandt, welche während etwa 10 Monaten 2 mg Fluorid per kg Körpergewicht und per Tag erhalten hatten. Dieses zusätzliche Fluorid hatte eine signifikante Wirkung bei Calcium- und Phosphormangel. Die verkalkende Oberfläuche ging stark zurück, während jedoch, wenn kein Calcium- und Phosphormangel bestand, das zusätzliche Fluorid die verkalkende Oberfläche vergrößerte. Beobachtungen mit dem Raster-Elektronenmikroskop am Knochen zeigten, daß die Längsorientierung der Fasern fehlte und daß Knochen von mit Fluorid gefütterten Tieren unregelmäßige, poröse Oberflächen aufwiesen.
    Notizen: Abstract A method for estimating periosteal bone-mineralizing surface was developed and applied to swine fed 2 mg of fluoride/kg of body weight/day for about 10 months. Added fluoride interacted significantly with calcium and phosphorus deficiency. Mineralizing surface was greatly reduced, whereas when calcium and phosphorus were adequate, added fluoride greatly increased mineralizing surface. Scanning electron microscope observations of bone disclosed loss of longitudinal orientation of fibers and irregular porous surfaces in bone from fluoride-fed animals.
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 15 (1974), S. 125-132 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone ; Collagen ; Formic Acid ; Crosslinkages ; Cyanogen Bromide
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Bovine and chicken bone collagens have been solubilized and presumably denatured (gelatin) by treatment of demineralized, powdered tissue with 70% formic acid. Short periods of extraction such as four hours at 30°, conditions commonly used during cyanogen bromide cleavage of collagen, solubilized 50% and 15% of the chicken and bovine bone collagens respectively. Treatment of the tissues with sodium borohydride partially inhibited the extraction of collagen from chicken bone, but had little effect on the extraction of calf bone collagen. The heterogeneity of the bone gelatin from both species on disc electrophoretic analysis suggested that peptide bonds had been cleaved in some of the collagen chains during exposure to formic acid, thus facilitating the solubilization of the bone collagen as the gelatin. Analysis of the collagen extracted from chicken bone for reducible crosslinks indicated that a large proportion of these bonds had remained intact, in contrast to a previous finding that most of these crosslinks were destroyed in bone gelatin extracted by 4 M CaCl2, at pH 7.0. The stability of the major reducible crosslinks in bone collagen to severe acid conditions may explain in part some of its unique properties, such as its failure to swell or be solubilized in dilute acid, which distinguish it from soft tissue collagens.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 15 (1974), S. 173-179 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone ; Strength ; Tension ; Compression
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A simple method is described for visualising regions of bone that have yielded in tension. The appearance of such regions is quite different from that of regions that have yielded in compression. The significance of these findings is discussed.
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 15 (1974), S. 189-199 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Bone ; Densitometry ; X-ray ; Radiation ; Specific gravity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract X-ray and γ-radiation techniques for evaluating bone density under field conditions in cattle and sheep were investigated. The best results were obtained from measurements of the density of radiographs of tibial tarsal bones of sheep and from the absorption of γ-radiation of the tibial tarsal bones of sheep and the fibular tarsal bones of cattle. The γ-radiation techniques may be carried out rapidly under field conditions (up to 30 animals an hour) and bone density can be estimated with a standard error of 0.042–0.046 SG units.
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 15 (1974), S. 181-188 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Biopsy ; Bone ; Calcium ; Phosphorus ; Specific gravity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The specific gravities (SG) of bone samples taken from various parts of the skeleton of cattle and sheep were determined gravimetrically in an effort to establish which sites give the most reproducible and uniform results, so that between animals, or sequential within animals, comparisons may be made with maximum sensitivity. Samples obtained from the mandible of sheep and the rib of cattle and sheep were found to be too variable to be useful for most purposes. Best results were obtained using whole bones which are easily prepared, such as the tibial tarsal bones of cattle and sheep and the fibular tarsal bone of cattle. These bones gave within animal deviations of 0.012–0.024 SG units, when comparing left bone with right bone. Slightly higher values were obtained for coccygeal vertebrae from cattle and distal metacarpal condyles from sheep. SG was related to ash, calcium and phosphorus contents of coccygeal vertebrae of cattle and it is considered that, for survey work on the mineral status of the bones of cattle and sheep, the correlations are sufficiently high to make their determination unnecessary. This will enable radiation determined SG techniques to be applied to this type of work.
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 16 (1974), S. 335-338 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Fluoride ; Plasma ; Bone ; Age
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Fluoride analyses were carried out on blood samples from fasting subjects and on iliac crest biopsies obtained at autopsy, using an ion-selective electrode. Correlation coefficients of 0.53 and 0.67 respectively were determined between plasma fluoride and age, and bone fluoride and age. The proportionate rates of increase of fluoride levels in plasma and bone with age and the similarity of the correlation coefficients suggest that the fasting plasma fluoride concentration is in equilibrium with bone fluoride.
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 16 (1974), S. 305-313 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Osteosarcoma ; Lyophilization ; Induction ; Bone
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Bone formation was induced by iso- and home-implantation of lyophilized mouse osteosarcoma, in which an osteogenic activity is observed. The inducing factor is present exclusively in osteosarcoma, such as BF and Gardner, while not in non-osteogenic tumors, such as Ehrlich ascites tumor (2N & 4N) or mouse mammary carcinoma. The production of bone was rapid and extensive. It usually occurred within 21 days, and the time required for osteogenesis was almost the same as that reported in previous studies.
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 98 (1974), S. 271-274 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Proteus vulgaris ; Bacteriocin ; Electron Microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The intracellular development of a bacteriocin in a strain of Proteus vulgaris was investigated. Particles which resemble the bacteriocin make their appearance in the cell after 60 min induction with mitomycin C. At this stage they appear as broad bands of tightly-packed phage tail-like structures. With longer periods of induction the bands are disrupted to liberate individual phage tail-like particles.
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 98 (1974), S. 311-329 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Dictyostelium discoideum ; Inorganic Polyphosphate ; Electron Microscopy ; Enzymes ; Polyphosphate Metabolism ; Cellular Slime Mold ; Polyphosphatase ; Polyphosphate-ADP-Phosphotransferase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The concentration of inorganic polyphosphates in Dictyostelium discoideum was low in the amoebae. A ca 5-fold increase took place during the early stages of multicellular development and was followed by a decrease during the intermediate stages. Electron micrographs showed the presence of electron dense material in all parts of the differentiating cells. The substance was most frequently observed in various types of vacuoles. Two enzymes of polyphosphate metabolism were identified and studied in cell-free extracts: a polyphosphatase and a polyphosphate-ADP-phosphotransferase. No polyphosphate-glucose-phosphotransferase or polyphosphate-AMP-phosphotransferase activities were observed in the extracts. The specific activity of the polyphosphatase, pH optimum 7.6, was ca 30 nmol Pi·min-1·mg protein-1 at all stages of development. The enzyme activity was not inhibited by 0.01 M orthophosphate. The polyphosphate-ADP-phosphotransferase, pH optimum ca 7.7, was studied in the direction of ATP. The enzyme specific activities were very low, about 0.2 nmol P·min-1·mg protein-1, and rather constant during differentiation. The enzyme activity was inhibited by orthophosphate and by excess ADP. It was concluded that the polyphosphate-ADP-phosphotransferase did not contribute significantly to the formation of ATP during multicellular development, and that polyphosphate did not act as a phosphagen in the differentiating cellular slime mold. It was suggested that polyphosphate served as a phosphate store and as a means of regulating the intracellular orthophosphate concentration during development.
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 97 (1974), S. 27-38 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Mass Mating ; Electron Microscopy ; Cell Fusion ; Membrane Structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The process of mating reaction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied by electron microscopy. Prior to the dissolution of the part of the cell walls separating the conjugating pair of cells, the thinning of the electron transparent layer of the cell wall occurs at the part toward which the nuclei are migrating. After the dissolution of the cell walls of the conjugating cells, the cell membranes become associated with each other, then to be broken and rejoined. The first diploid bud emerges from about the middle of the zygote. The morphological changes during the mating reaction are discussed in relation to the biochemical changes so far known.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 99 (1974), S. 281-294 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Spirochete ; Artemia ; Brine Shrimp ; Electron Microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract 1. A spirochete which occurs in tissues of the brine shrimp,Artemia salina, was studied by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. A total of seven infected shrimps were encountered. 2. Under darkfield illumination, most spirochete cells inArtemia blood were 6–13 μ long and 0.3–0.4 μ wide. Coiling was variable and often irregular. 3. When tissues of the maxillary gland (kidney) and nearby organs were examined by electron microscopy, spirochete cells were found in both extracellular and intracellular locations. These microbes possessed the ultrastructural features typical of members of the Order Spirochaetales: a) a slender protoplasmic cylinder (0.18 μ average diameter), b) axial fibrils (150 A average diameter), and c) an outer envelope or sheath (approximately 75 A thick). 4. Counts made of the number of axial fibrils evident in transverse sections of spirochete cells were consistent with the hypothesis that this spirochete has a 1-2-1 arrangement of axial fibrils. 5. Non-spiral forms were observed in the haemocoel and in the lumen of the maxillary gland.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Lung 150 (1974), S. 185-189 
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Schlagwort(e): Paraquat Poisoning ; Morphology ; Electron Microscopy ; Light Microscopy ; Letal Course ; Human Lung ; Lung Fibrosis ; Proliferative Alterations ; Degenerative Alterations ; Pathogenesis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Morphological alterations in the lungs of 3 cases of paraquat intoxication with prolonged lethal course (10, 11, and 25 days) are reported. Combined light-and electronmicroscopic studies reveal that 10 and 11 days after the ingestion of paraquat the endothelium of the occassionally congested capillaries is intact. The basal membranes have only scarce alterations. They are sometimes naked because of shadding of both types of pneumocytes with severe alterations, e.g. lipid accumulation in the cytoplasm. In the vast alveolar edema, red blood cells, some round cells, strands of fibrin, and lamellar cell debris are seen. There are also varying amounts of polymorphnuclear leucocytes and alveolar macrophages with many phagolysosomes and cytosegresomes. Fibroblasts with lipid droplets between the extensive RER form varying amounts of collagen fibrils in the alveolar and sometimes in the very edematous interstitial space. Sometimes surrounded by collagenous material, they thus devoured by macrophages. 25 days after paraquat intoxication a severe alveolar fibrosis, focal interstitial fibrosis, and areas with atelectasis are found. Due to artificial respiration and changed ventilation mechanics, there were large areas with hemorrhage and a honeycomb-like structure of the remaining lung parenchyma. The pathogenesis of the degenerative and proliferative lung alterations is briefly discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 100 (1974), S. 145-162 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Complex Flagella ; Fine Structure ; Electron Microscopy ; Optical Diffraction ; Flagellin ; Flagellar Motion
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Zellen von Rhizobium lupini H 13-3 besitzen 5–10 peritrich inserierte komplexe Geißeln, deren Feinstruktur durch Hochauflösungs-Elektronenmikroskopie und lichtoptische Diffraktion analysiert wurde. Das Geißelfilament hat einen Durchmesser von 160 Å und besteht aus einem zylindrischen Kern (Durchmesser ca. 110 Å), der fest von drei Bändern einer helikalen Scheide umgeben ist. Die Scheidenbänder sind 49 Å breit, durch 49 Å-Intervalle voneinander getrennt und haben eine Steigung von 31°. Die komplexen Geißelfilamente bestehen aus einem 43 000-Dalton-Protein, das den Kern und die helikale Scheide aufbaut. Beide gehen übergangslos aus dem proximalen Geißelhaken hervor, der einen Durchmesser von 150 Å und eine Länge von 600 bis 800 Å hat. Die Diffraktionsanalyse des Geißelhakens zeigte eine helikale Grundanordnung von globulären Untereinheiten, die ein Oberflächengitter von 5 parallelen Schrauben (Steigung 29° bzw. 33°) bilden, von denen jede fast 11 Untereinheiten pro Helixungang trägt. Die komplexen Geißeln von R. lupini H 13-3 und Pseudomonas rhodos [Schmitt et al.: J. Bact. 117, 844–857 (1974)] sind ein neuer Typ von Bakteriengeißeln. Sie zeigen deutliche Übereinstimmung in der Feinstruktur, der festen Verbindung von helikaler Scheide und Geißelhaken sowie in der Fragilität ihrer Filamente; sie unterscheiden sich deutlich im Molekulargewicht der Flagellinmonomeren (43 000 bzw. 55 000). Zellen von R. lupini H 13-3 führen schnelle, vibrierende Translationsbewegungen aus. Mögliche Mechanismen der Bewegung komplexer Geißeln werden diskutiert.
    Notizen: Abstract Cells of Rhizobium lupini H 13-3 possess 5 to 10 peritrichously inserted complex flagella, which were analyzed by high resolution electron microscopy and by optical diffraction. The flagellar filament has a diameter of 160 Å; it consists of a cylindrical core (diameter approximately 110 Å) surrounded by three close-fitting bands of a helical sheath. The helical bands are 49 Å wide, separated by axial intervals, 49 Å wide, and run at an angle of 31°. Complex filaments consist of a 43 000-dalton protein representing the core and the helical sheath. These originate from the proximal hook, which has a diameter of 150 Å and a length of 600 to 800 Å. The diffraction analysis of the hook showed a helical arrangement of globular subunits forming a surface of 5 parallel “small-scale” helices (pitch-angles 29° and 33°, respectively), each carrying almost 11 subunits per period. The complex flagella of R. lupini H 13-3 and Pseudomonas rhodos [Schmitt, et al.: J. Bact. 117, 844–857 (1974)] represent a novel type of bacterial flagella. There is agreement in their fine structures, in the intimate connection of the helical sheath and the core, and in the fragility of their filaments. Thery are clearly distinguished by the molecular weights of their flagellin monomers (43 000 and 55 000, respectively). Cells of R. lupini H 13-3 show fast, vibrating, translational motions. Possible mechanisms of complex flagellar motion are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 100 (1974), S. 307-328 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Citrate Lyase ; Subunit Structure ; Electron Microscopy ; Reaction Inactivation ; Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa ; Phototrophic Bacteria
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract 1. Citrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.6) from Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa has been purified to homogeneity by protamine sulfate fractionation, chromatography on DEAE-Cellulose and gel filtration. The final enzyme preparation had a specific activity of 138 units per mg of protein and was purified 43-fold over the crude extract. Analysis of citrate lyase by sedimentation equilibrium experiments and gel filtration gave molecular weights of 530000 and 560000, respectively. 2. Electron microscopic investigations of negatively stained enzyme molecules and image analysis showed that citrate lyase is composed of six large and six small subunits; they are arranged in two hexagonal rings lying face to face, each containing, in alternating sequence, three large and three small subunits. The enzyme molecule is 160 Å in diameter and about 100 Å thick. 3. Treatment with sodium dodecylsulfate and mercaptoethanol dissociated citrate lyase into three proteins. Protein III (small subunit) had a molecular weight of 30000 and contained the pantothenate; protein II (large subunit) had a molecular weight of 61000; protein I (M r =97000) was probably an aggregate of II and III. 4. Based on the results obtained a model of citrate lyase was constructed. 5. Purified citrate lyase was obtained from R. gelatinosa in a deacetylated and largely oxidized form. The enzyme was activated by reduction with dithiothreitol (3 mM) and subsequent acetylation with acetic anhydride (1.75 mM). 6. The enzyme was subject to reaction inactivation, the extent of which depended on the concentration of Mg2+.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 73
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus ; Spirillum serpens ; Freeze Fracture ; Electron Microscopy ; Ultrastructure ; Membrane Damage ; Organismic Associations
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The freeze-fracture technique and electron microscopy have been used to demonstrate that localized damage is inflicted upon the cytoplasmic membrane of Spirillum serpens VHL within 20 to 30 min after the start of its association with Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109D. This damage is not observed in uninfected Spirillum cells, nor in infected cells within the first 10 min. This damage takes the form of a “blister” which, when viewed stereoscopically in electron micrographs, is seen to project toward the interior of the Spirillum cell. Shortly after its formation, the blister becomes elaborated into a series of ridges which may assume forms ranging from an elaborate spiral to a series of loops or knots. The formation of a blister is shown to involve both the inner and outer leaves of the membrane bilayer, and evidence is presented to indicate that the blister site corresponds to the site of attachment of the Bdellovibrio cell. The hypothesis is proposed that this ultrastructural damage is the cytological basis for the controlled and localized leakage through the cytoplasmic membrane into the periplasmic space of the Spirillum cell at locations adjacent to the Bdellovibrio cell. It is suggested that this localized membrane damage may be the ultrastructural basis for the high efficiency with which bdellowvibrios are known to incorporate cytoplasmic materials from the other bacteria in whose periplasmic spaces they develop.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 148 (1974), S. 11-26 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Dentine ; Bone ; Collagen structure ; Collagen mineralization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary It has been previously shown that the distances between the nuclei within the collagen bundles of mineralizing tissues were in good agreement with the repeat distances of the cross-banding pattern of collagen, which supports the assumption that the distances between the mineral deposits reflect to a good approximation the distances between nucleation centres on the collagen macromolecule. However, the lateral separation of the nuclei were significantly higher than the distances between close-packed triple helices. Recently a new model of collagen aggregation has been proposed in which the smallest morphological units are subfibrils (Ø approx. 39 Å) packed in tetragonal array. This led us to measure once again the lateral separation between a) close-packed calcium phosphate needles lying in bundles at (1) the mineralizing front of mantle dentine and (2) at the mineralizing front of rat tail bone, and b) between the uranyl-lead nuclei produced in the staining of rat tail tendon. The mean lateral distances separating these nuclei fell within the range of 39–47 Å, which is a little higher than the distances of 39 Å which separate the microholes between the subfibrils in the tetragonal packing model, which are regarded as the likely sites of nucleation. If, however, it is assumed that the forces generated during mineralization can cause the collagen fibres to swell, then the lateral separation of the nuclei and the distances between the microholes would correspond very closely.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 150 (1974), S. 167-178 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pigment cell ; Red hair ; Sunburn ; Man ; Electron Microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Pigment cells of human red hair (pheomelanocytes) are never connected to keratinocytes by desmosomes or other defined cell junctions. In the dendritic processes of pheomelanocytes, thin filaments, about 50–80 Å in diameter, and microtubuli can be observed. Early prepheomelanosomes contain loosely arranged filaments. With the onset of pheomelanogenesis dense material is deposited on the filaments. Distinction between late prepheomelanosomes and pheomelanosomes is not clearly possible, because of the disorganized appearance of the content. Furthermore, the content of pheomelanosomes sometimes seems to be disintegrated. By means of the DOPA reaction, tyrosinase activity is shown to be present in: a) prepheomelanosomes, b) large cisternae apposed at one side of dictyosomes, c) small cisternae of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and d) coated and uncoated vesicles. The results suggest that red pigment granules are formed in a manner similar to that of melanin granules. It is further assumed that an inadequate stability of pheomelanoprotein accounts for the inability of red-haired people to develop effective protection against ultraviolet light.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 11-19 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Ausgehend vom Modell des idealen Rohrreaktors wird der Einfluß von Modellvereinfachungen auf die Dynamik des homogenen Rohrreaktors anhand einer exothermen Flüssigphase-Reaktion 1. Ordnung behandelt. Es zeigt sich, daß das dynamische Verhalten des Reaktors durch die Wärmekapazität der Reaktorwand stark beeinflußt wird. Bei bestimmten Änderungen der Betriebsbedingungen können durch diesen Einfluß vorübergehend starke Übertemperaturen ausgelöst werden. Die Auswirkung der Kühlbedingungen auf das dynamische Verhalten und die Stabilität des Reaktors wird untersucht. Diskutiert werden der Einfluß axialer Diffusion und Wärmeleitung und die Berechtigung des Taylor-Diffusionsansatzes bei stark exothermer Reaktion.
    Zusätzliches Material: 15 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 31-31 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Schlitzlochblechpackung ; Füllkörperkolonne ; Volumen-Stoffübergangskoeffizient ; Phasengrenzfläche ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 38-44 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 113-113 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Rührkesselreaktor ; Prozeßführung ; Zwischenprodukte ; Selektivität ; Ausbeute ; Äthylenoxid ; Mono- ; Di- und Triäthanolamin ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 125-125 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 82
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 101-106 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 211-211 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Wärmeübergang ; erzwungene ; Konvektion ; Rippenrohre ; Druckverlust ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 236-242 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Ausgehend von der Mikrokinetik der verschiedenen Teilphänomene, die den Bruttoumsatz bei heterogen-katalytischen Oberflächenreaktionen bestimmen, wird für das Beispiel eines katalytischen Festbettreaktors gezeigt, wie man mathematische Modelle für den speziellen Fall einer solchen Reaktion erstellt. Insbesondere werden Kriterien besprochen, aufgrund derer man beurteilen kann, wie komplex ein Modell sein muß, um angesichts der begrenzten Genauigkeit kinetischer Parameter und den speziellen Eigenschaften der betreffenden Reaktion eine hinreichend genaue Beschreibung des Verhaltens eines technischen Festbettreaktors zu ermöglichen. Auf numerische Probleme bei der Lösung der zugrundeliegenden Differentialgleichungen, notwendige Vereinfachungen bei der Verwendung von Reaktormodellen zur Prozeßsimulation sowie auf einige Anwendungsbeispiele wird kurz eingegangen.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 261-261 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Homogenisieren ; Strahlmischer ; Strömungsprofile ; Mischzeiten ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 88
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Apparatebau ; Verbundkonstruktion ; Schweißverfahren ; Korrosionsverhalten ; Nickel ; Hochdruck-Chlorolyse ; Chlorkohlenwasserstoffe ; Tetrachlorkohlenstoff ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 90
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 299-299 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Prozeß-Simulation ; Anlagenberechnung (verf. technisch) ; Rückstrom ; Materialbilanz ; Iteration ; Konvergenzbe-schleunigung ; Simultanlösung ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 305-305 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Reinraumtechnik ; Steriltechnik ; Laminar-Flow-Prinzip ; pharmazeutische Produktion ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 318-318 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 333-334 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 95
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Verdampfungsverfahren ; Entspannungsverdampfung ; Wärmeträgeröl ; Verkrustungen ; Abfall-Lösungen ; Konzentrierverfahren ; Kristallisationsverfahren ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 96
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Diffusionsflamme ; Verbrennung von Kohlenwasserstoffen ; Rußbildung ; Spektroskopie ; Strahlungstransport ; Rußkonzentrationsverteilung ; Rußtemperaturverteilung ; Gastemperaturverteilung ; Gaskonzentrationsverteilung ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 359-362 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974), S. 363-364 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 46 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 100
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Bei stationären Reaktionszuständen offener Systeme in großem Abstand vom chemischen Gleichgewicht können sprunghafte und oszillatorische Instabilitäten auftreten. Für sprunghafte Instabilitäten im Sinne von Zünd/Lösch-Erscheinungen genügt bereits die Wechselwirkung eines Transportprozesses mit einer chemischen Reaktion von nichtlinearem Verhalten, das entweder thermisch oder kinetisch bedingt sein kann. In Festbettreaktoren spielt bezüglich thermischer Instabilität außer der Einzelkorn-Instabilität die Rückkopplung durch axialen Wärmetransport eine wesentliche Rolle. Sie bestimmt auch das Verhalten von „wandernden Reaktionszonen“. - Oszillatorisches Verhalten (Grenzzyklen) setzt voraus, daß das Reaktionssystem mindestens zwei Speicher für Stoffe bzw. Wärme enthält, die in nichtlinearer Weise miteinander gekoppelt sind. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen am Einzelkorn lassen erkennen, daß der Chemisorption, deren Einfluß bisher unbeachtet geblieben ist, eine zentrale Bedeutung zukommt, da sie einerseits als Transportprozeß wirksam werden, andererseits nichtlineares Reaktionsverhalten verursachen und schließlich bei Oszillationen auch als Speicherkapazität auftreten kann.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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