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  • 1970-1974  (3,916)
  • 1890-1899  (2,182)
  • Organic Chemistry  (5,597)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (501)
  • Nuclear reactions
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Material
Years
Year
Keywords
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical disintegration of microorganisms in an industrial homogenizer (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 261-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Disintegration of microorganisms in a continuously working industrial homogenizer has been studied. The homogenizer consists of rotating discs in a cylinder filled with glass beads. Different parameters for disintegration of baker's yeast were investigated. The disintegration process is a first-order reaction and it is influenced by the flow rate of the suspension and by the agitator speed. At a flow rate of 200 liters/hr about 85% of the yeast cells can be disrupted in a single pass through the disintegrator. This type of disintegrator can be used for disruption of cells in order to produce single-cell protein, active enzymes and other valuable cell components.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160208
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel shaft bearing housing for laboratory-scale fermenters (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 293-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160213
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160301
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Film diffusion studies of immobilized catalase in tubular flow reactors (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 419-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160311
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrolysis of lactose in acid whey using β-galactosidase immobilized on porous glass particles: Preparation and characterization of a reusable catalyst for the production of low-lactose dairy products (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 397-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Partially purified lactoses (β-D-galactoside galactohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.23) from Aspergillus niger, Ladobacillus helveticus, and Saccharomyces lactis were immobilized on diazotized porous glass particles (mean pore diameter, 86.5 nm: particle size diameters, 75-125 μm). In acid whey containing 4-4.5% lactose, A. niger lactase gave the highest activity (89 μmoles lactose hydrolyzed/g glass, min) at 55°C and pH 4.5. Glass-immobilized A. niger laclases (lactase-BG) retained much hydrolytic activity after storage and periodic use for 165 days at 55°C. For values of X greater than 30%, hydrolysis of 0.12M lactose in acid whey by a continuous flow column packed with 2 ml of lactase-BG particles could be correlated by X = 17.2(V/F) + 12.5 where X = lactose hydrolysis, percent of lactose originally present; V = volume of packed bed of lactase-BG, ml; F = flow rate of acid whey, ml/min.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160309
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160401
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of specific growth rate on biomass yield of heterogeneous populations growing in both continuous and batch systems (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 423-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160312
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions in a mixed bacterial population growing on methane in continuous culture (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 41-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The growth of a mixed methane-utilizing culture in a continuous flow fermenter has been studied under both methane and oxygen limitation. Small additions of methanol have been shown to inhibit the methane-utilizing moiety in the culture and it has been shown that the Hyphomicrobium sp. in the mixed culture removes any inhibitory methanol. The interaction between the methane-utilizing Pseudomonas sp., and the Hyphomicrobium sp. has been explained and a model of the continuous mixed culture under oxygen limitation has been formulated. Qualitative predictions of transient phenomena by the model have been verified experimentally.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160105
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An immobilized α-galactosidase continuous flow reactor (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 135-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An α-galactosidase which will hydrolyze the oligosaccharides melibiose, raffinose, and stachyose has been immobilized on nylon microfibrils suitable for use in large flow-through reactors. This catalyst system is stable for many months, both under use and storage conditions. The immobilized enzyme behaves similarly to the enzyme in solution, characteristically exhibiting both product and substrate inhibition. The catalyst is prepared in situ and a large, 8-liter reactor has been made. The catalyst has been used to reduce the raffinose concentration in beet sugar molasses.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160110
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental optimization of a step aeration waste treatment process (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 231-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Evolutionary operation (EVOP) was used to experimentally investigate the optimum steady state operating conditions for a step aeration activated sludge waste treatment process. A laboratory scale two tank step aeration activated sludge unit with fixed total volume, total influent flow rate, recycle flow rate, and sludge wasting rate was employed. The volume ratio and flow rate ratio which minimized effluent chemical oxygen demand were determined. The results indicate that EVOP is a useful technique for improving the performance of biological processes.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160206
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wall growth in mixed bacterial cultures growing on methane (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 251-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of wall growth are described for a mixed methane-utilizing bacterial population growing in both batch and continuous culture. These effects are similar to those predicted previously by a theoretical analysis (Topiwala and Hamer, 1971).
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160207
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electronic dynamic compensator for response time of oxygen electrodes (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 279-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160210
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of RNA in single cell protein in conjunction with fiber formation (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 285-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160211
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of immobilized leucine aminopeptidase on porous glass (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 275-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160209
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bactericidal effectiveness of immobilized peroxidases (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 289-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160212
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  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immobilized enzyme reaction stability: Attrition of the support material (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 333-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: One of the main reasons for immobilizing an enzyme is to enable its reuse, or continuous use, in a reactor. Consequently immobilized enzyme stability is an important factor in enzyme reactor design. The performance of the reactor will decrease if during operation the support material disintegrates into smaller particles that pass out of the reactor system.When β-galactosidase is immobilized by covalent attachment to AE-cellulose, the smaller particles have a higher activity. After subjection of the immobilized enxyme to a shear stress the average particle size decreases and the total enzymic activity increases. A loss of small particles from the reactor, although constituting a small weight percent loss of support, will result in a disproportionately large loss in activity. The relevance of these observations to reactor performance is discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160304
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  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of performance of a tubular membrane reactor for an enzyme catalyzed reaction (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 345-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A tubular membrane reactor offers many advantages over a solid wall reactor to carry out an enzyme catalyzed reaction. With proper membrane selectivity, the product, may be separated from the reacting stream and the enzyme recycled for continuous reuse. In most cases, enzyme reuse contributes to the economic feasibility of a continuous enzyme catalyzed process. Furthermore, the efficiency and performance of a membrane reactor is greater than that of a solid wall reactor.Continuous hydrolysis of starch by the enzyme β-amylase, carried out in a commercially available tubular membrane unit, is studied at different starch and enzyme concentrations for a given system pressure and inlet flow rate. Results show that the performance of the membrane reactor is in all cases greater than that of the solid wall reactor. A steady state in performance of permeation rate is, however, not reached by the membrane reactor, which shows a continuous decline within the periods examined in this study. This decline is caused in part by the aging of the starch solution, but mostly by the formation of a concentrated, or gel, layer at the membrane surface. This appears to be the main limiting factor for this process since the decline in reaction and permeation rate results in a severe decrease in the amount of maltose in the permeate.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160305
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  • 118
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of cell disintegration in a high pressure homogenizer (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 371-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The disintegration of baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) by a high pressure homogenizer, to a pressure of 25,000 psi. (172.37 MNm-2) is described, together with details of the methods of measurement used to obtain information on the valve movement and pressure transients. The theory of the mechanism of cell disintegration is discussed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160307
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  • 119
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein modification in nonaqueous media. Preparation and properties of matrix-supported lysozyme (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 361-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Hen's egg white lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17) has been covalently attached to a polystyrene matrix via interaction of protein nucleophiles with an aromatic imidazolide function under anhydrous conditions. The polymer-enzyme complex is prepared in a way which allows nonaqueous solubilization of the complex. The activity of the bound enzyme compares favorably with the activity of the native protein. The pH optima for the matrix-supported protein are shifted toward the basic side. The effect of substrate concentration on rate has been determined. (A preliminary report of this work has been published: G. J. Bartling, H. D. Brown, S. K. Chattopadhyay, Nature 243, 342-344 (1973).)
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160306
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  • 120
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immobilization of catalase on nickel-silica alumina (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 413-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160310
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  • 121
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immobilization of enzymes on magnetic particles (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 385-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Trypsin (EC 3.4.4.4) was immobilized in low yield on aminoalkylsilylated magnetite (Fe3O4). Better results were obtained when trypsin was immobilized by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde on magnetite. The preparation contained 36 mg protein/g magnetite and the enzyme retained 46% and 11% of esterase and proteolytic activity. Immobilized trypsin was more heat stable than trypsin. Invertase (β-D-fructofuranoside fructohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.26) was cross-linked on magnetite with glutaraldehyde in low yield due to the inactivation of the enzyme. However in the presence of 1% sucrose, the total activity recovered was 79% of the initial activity and the preparation contained 4.4 mg/g of active invertase. Immobilized invertase was less active than invertase when acting on oligosaccharides of the raffinose family. The immobilized enzymes could be easily recovered, from solutions or suspensions, magnetically.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160308
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  • 122
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A generalized mathematical model for the growth kinetics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with experimental determination of parameters (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 431-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A general model of the kinetics of microbial growth has been developed involving the kinetics of incorporation of substrate into biomass and the maintenance energy requirements.Results obtained from batch cultures of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae growing in synthetic media at pH 5.1 and 30°C permitted all biological parameters in the model to be calculated.Values obtained for these parameters were: maximum specific glucose uptake rate (μSm), 2.08 g/g biomass/hr; apparent Michaelis constant for glucose (KS), 0.1 g/liter (5.5 × 10-4M) apparent Michaelis constant for oxygen (KL), 1.4% O2 (3.2 × 10-6 M) quantitative index of the Pasteur effect (b), 4.9 × 10-4%-1 O2 (207 M -1). Under conditions of strongly substrate-repressed respiration the values obtained for YATP and P/O were constant over the course of the exponential phase of growth (YATP = 10.4 g biomass/mole ATP; P/O = 3 moles ATP/atom 0). Mass balances for aerobic and anaerobic cultures confirmed the results obtained form the generalized model. Results presented suggested the operation of a mechanism for regulating energy-yielding metabolism which involved an equilibrium between the systems of oxidative phosphorylation and dephosphorylation and was dependent upon the level of catbolite repression.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160402
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  • 123
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160801
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  • 124
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of Sindbis, influenza, and vesicular stomatitis viruses in chicken embryo and rat embryo cell suspensions (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1025-1044 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Studies were carried out on the production of Sindbis, influenza and vesicular stomatitis viruses in suspensions of chicken embryo and rat embryo cells. The yield of Sindbis virus in chicken embryo cell suspensions was independent of the multiplicity of infection over the range 0.0001 to 0.01 although reduction in multiplicity caused a delay in virus production. With influenza virus the use of higher multiplicities gave increased virus yields possibly due to the very slow production at low multiplicities. In both monolayer and suspension cultures of chicken embryo cells addition of serum or use of media richer than minimum essential medium (Eagle) had little effect on Sindbis virus production, but if the glucose were omitted the virus yield was markedly reduced. In cell suspensions, a marked reduction in virus yield occurred if infection were delayed more than 24 hr after cell preparation whereas in monolayers the delay of infection allowed cell propagation and hence a higher yield of virus. It was also shown that vesicular stomatitis virus can be produced in chicken embryo cell suspensions, and that rat embryo primary cell suspensions can be used to prepare both Sindbis and vesicular stomatitis viruses. Sindbis virus obtained from chicken embryo cell suspensions was purified by polyethylene glycol precipitation and sucrose density gradient centrifugation and shown to contain only those proteins previously identified as viral, without any contamination from chicken cell proteins. The relative ease and economics of virus production by cell suspension and monolayer methods is compared.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160804
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  • 125
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of intraparticle diffuisional limitation on the observed kinetics of immobilized enzymes and on catalyst design (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1081-1093 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Numerical solutions to the equations describing simultaneous mass transfer and enzymic reaction within porous spherical particles have been used to examine the effect of enzyme content and other parameters on the kinetic behavior of immobilized enzymes. These solutions have also been compared with experimental data for enzymes immobilized to DEAE-cellulose particles. The influence of particle size and enzyme content on catalyst design is discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160808
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  • 126
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymatic RNA reduction in disintegrated cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1123-1133 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Degradation of UNA by endogenous RNase in cell suspensions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was found to be achieved by mechanical disintegration followed by incubation in the presence of NaCl. The incubation parameters pH, temperature, time, and concentration of NaCl were investigated. Protein concentrates with a low content of RNA were obtained by precipitation of the incubated suspensions and separation of the degradation products.On a pilot plant scale the incubation was performed at 50°C and pH 5.6 in the presence of 3% NaCl for 20 min. Kilogram quantities of protein concentrates containing 1.4% RNA and 8.2% nitrogen were obtained. The RNA reduction and the nitrogen yield was 85 and 60%, respectively. The yield of amino acids was about 75%. The process described can probably be applied for large-scale production.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160812
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  • 127
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The tubular loop batch fermentor: Basic concepts (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1261-1272 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A tubular loop batch fermentor has been designed and constructed, and was found to behave in a similar manner to a conventional stirred tank reactor. It appeared that foaming could be greatly reduced as no air ever encountered the impeller. The fluid mechanics of pipe flow are considerably simpler than tank flow patterns. On this basis a design procedure for a large scale tubular fermentor was outlined, which had considerable advantages over the more complex scale-up problems of a tank fermentor.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160909
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  • 128
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    Mixing by impeller agitation in continuous flow systems containing polysaccharide solutionsPresented at the Annual Meeting of the American Chemical Society Chicago, Illinois, August 26-31, 1973. (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1283-1297 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: System response data for step changes in input tracer concentration have been obtained for two different impeller agitated continuous flow mixing systems containing aqueous polysaccharide solutions. The vessel volumes were 1.6 and 10.9 liters. Polysaccharide concentration, dilution rate, and impeller speed were varied according to a plan devised using dimensional analysis and assuming that bulk motion is the predominant mass transport mechanism in the system. The data show that this is not true and that serious errors may occur if scale-up calculations are based on assuming that bulk motion predominates. Under the operating conditions used, perfect mixing was not observed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160911
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  • 129
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    Immobilization of trypsin on partially oxidized cellulose (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 997-1003 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160712
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  • 130
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    CO2 mass balance in a suspension of algae cultivated in the neutral pH region of the suspension on an open cultivation surface (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1015-1023 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The CO2 mass balance for a suspension of algae cultivated in the region of neutral pH of the suspension on an open cultivation surface with a flowing suspension was assessed. From this balance an analytical expression for the course of free CO2 dissolved in the suspension along the flow of the suspension is obtained. Relations for the rate of CO2 decrease in the suspension and the utilization of CO2 supplied to the cultivation surface are derived.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160803
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  • 131
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    Inactivation of immobilized fungal catalase by hydrogen peroxide (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1675-1680 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260161209
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  • 132
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    Design and construction of a ventilated cabinet for a continuous flow centrifuge (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1681-1687 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260161210
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  • 133
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    Preparation of an immobilized two-enzyme system, β-amylase-pullulanase, to an acrylic copolymer for the conversion of starch to maltose. I. Preparation and stability of immobilized β-amylase (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 567-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: β-Amylase (EC 3.2.1.2), obtained from barley, was chemically attached to a crosslinked copolymer of acrylamide-acrylic acid using a water-soluble carbodiimide. The derivative showed 23% β-amylase activity in relation to that of free enzyme with a coupling yield of 40% based on the amount of added β-amylase. In order to find optimal coupling conditions, the effect of pH and different carbodiimide concentrations was investigated. The enzymic activity associated with different β-amylase concentrations was further outlined. A slightly increased operational stability for the enzyme upon immobilization was observed. Markedly improved operational stability has been obtained by coupling in the presence of reduced glutathione of bovine serum albumin.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160502
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  • 134
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    Enzyme yields from cells of brewer's yeast disrupted by treatment in a horizontal disintegrator (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 623-634 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Maltase, phosphatase, malate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activities were determined in the supernatant of brewer's yeast cells from samples taken at various intervals during a 90 min treatment in a Dyno-Mill disintegrator.In an attempt to find optimum operating conditions, the following parameters were varied: speed of rotation of the agitator, flow rate, yeast concentration in the slurry and bead diameter, and the specific rate of extraction was determined for each such variation. Analysis of the data showed that, superimposed upon extraction, there was a progressive but slow loss of total activities. Enzyme release could be expressed as an approximately first-order chemical reaction. The results compared well with those of Follows et al. (Biotechnol. Bioeng.), 13, 549 (1971) and showed that the Dyno-Mill can be operated under proper conditions without significant loss of enzyme activity and with high yields.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160506
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  • 135
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    Determination of invertase activity during ultrafiltration (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 697-699 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160511
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  • 136
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    Design and operational model for complete mixing activated sludge system (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 703-722 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The complete mixing activated sludge (CMAS) system is gaining in popularity for treating both domestic and industrial wastewaters. Experience over the past 20 years has produced a simple mathematical model which can be used in both the design and the operational evaluation of CMAS systems. Laboratory pilot plants and full scale field units have furnished the basic data needed to confirm the validity of the mathematical model. The basic concepts of the model are discussed in light of field evaluations. Areas of conflict and confusion which have arisen in the past will be presented and discussed. Design examples and operational evaluations are presented for several different wastewater systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160603
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  • 137
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    Temperature effects on anaerobic fermentation of domestic refuse (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 771-787 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Anaerobic fermentation of organic solid waste can provide a significant source of fuel gas (methane). Application of this process requires a better understanding of the kinetics of the biological system. The literature is replete with kinetic studies of this process as applied to waste solids from water pollution control systems. Much of this work has been conducted in the mesophilic temperature range. Increased temperatures yield higher reaction rates that will improve the economics of the process. The rate limiting step in the fermentation of refuse is the hydrolysis of the complex organic solids, in particular cellulose. Cellulose is a major component of the refuse. A laboratory study employing domestic refuse has shown the effect of temperature on the rate of methane fermentation. The optimum mesophilic temperature was found to be 42°C, while the optimum thermophilic temperature was at least 60°C. No data was obtained beyond the 60°C temperature. Reaction rate constants are presented for anaerobic fermentation of domestic refuse. Because of the characteristics of the substrate it-was not possible to obtain the necessary measurements for evaluation of constants in the Monod model. An overall system constant was developed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160607
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  • 138
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    Large-scale purification of Qβ-virus by differential centrifugation (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 847-851 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bacterial RNA virus, Qβ, has been purified in gram amounts by differential centrifugation. Final separation of the virus from host E. coli rRNA was based on the density differential in the pellet. The method provided a simplified alternative to the more conventional rate zonal or isopycnic zonal centrifugation techniques.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160611
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  • 139
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    High precision programming of the temperature in growth chambers by use of the peltier element (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 853-858 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160612
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  • 140
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    Single cell proteins from cellulosic wastes (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 869-880 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Conventional sources of protein cannot meet the present or projected needs for human consumption. Single cell proteins from fermentation of petroleum and cellulosic wastes are likely sources of additional protein. The volume of cellulosic wastes is sufficient to supply all additional protein needs on a continuing basis for cellulose is a renewable resource. Both mesophilic and thermophilic microorganisms utilize cellulose at reasonable rates. Biodegradation of lignin and lignin-cellulose complexes constitutes a major obstacle to commercial utilization of cellulosic wastes. Thermophilic actinomyces appear to be the most effective organisms for single cell protein production from cellulosic wastes.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160702
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  • 141
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    Production of a new thermostable neutral α-galactosidase from a strain of Bacillus stearothermophilus (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1227-1243 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An intracellular, thermostable, neutral α-galactosidase (α-D-galactoside galactohydrolase EC 3.2.1.32) was produced in pilot plant quantities from a strain of Bacillus stearothermophilus. The organism was cultured at 50°C in a soluble neutral medium containing water extract of soybean meal (3%) and 0.5% yeast extract. The enzyme biosynthesis was inducible and sensitive to catabolite repression. After autolysis of the cells, the α-galactosidase was selectively and quantitatively complexed from clarified beer directly onto DEAE Sephadex; and enzyme-rich fractions were batchwise eluted with an increasing gradient of NaCl solutions. The eluates were given two consecutive isopropyl alcohol precipitations, and the aqueous solutions of the second precipitate were dialyzed and lyophilized. Final product activity recovery was 72% based on the crude fermentation beer. Best specific activity was 5.2 u/mg protein. Further laboratory purification (DEAE Sephadex and Bio-Gel P200) yielded a product with 14.2 u/mg protein.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160907
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  • 142
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    Death kinetics of yeast in spray dryingPresented at the 33rd Annual Meeting, Institute of Food Technologists, Miami, Florida, June 1973. (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1245-1259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The death kinetics of a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied in an industrial scale spray drier. In solution studies, the death kinetics of yeast was found to be comparable to pathogen destruction. From the studies in drying of yeast a prediction of a 4 log cycle decrease in viable cells of pathogens could be made for normal processing conditions. This should insure the safety of spray-dried foods unless after contamination occurs. It was found that during drying, although the rate of death is high, the activation energy is greatly decreased over that of death in aqueous solution (reduction from 130 kcal/mole to 5 kcal/mole). The reduction in Ea may be attributed to the thermodynamic compensation phenomenon in which the resulting negative entropy of reaction acts to protect the cells through a water-protein interaction. However, the possibility of a change in death mechanism cannot be precluded. Overall, these results suggest the danger in extrapolating death kinetics to high temperature.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160908
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  • 143
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    An enzyme rate equation for the overall rate of reaction of gel-immobilized glucose oxidase particles under buffered conditions. II. Two limiting substrates (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1321-1343 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The overall rate of reaction of gel-immobilized glucose oxidase particles in buffered media has been investigated theoretically under two substrate diffusion limited conditions by the numerical solution of the diffusion equations. It has been found that the Enzyme Rate Equation (Atkinson and Lester), Biotechnol. Bioeng., 16, 1299 (1974), together with an analytical solution which describes the asymptotic conditions associated with a large particle size, provides an adequate estimation of the values resulting from the numerical solution outside the region of the parameter space defined by 0.4 〈 Mg′, M0′ 〈 10.When the dimensionless parameter (B0′/Bg′)(Mg′2/M0′2) is greater than unity the overall rate of reaction is limited principally by the external concentration and when the parameter has a value less than unity, by the external oxygen concentration.The results are generally applicable to enzymes whose kinetics are similar to those of glucose oxidase or for which the equation describing glucose oxidase kinetics provides an adequate curve-fit of experimental data.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260161003
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  • 144
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    Hydrocarbon fermentation: Protein and enzyme solubilization from C. lipolytica using an industrial homogenizer (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1399-1406 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260161008
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  • 145
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    Masthead (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260161101
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  • 146
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    Assessment of methanogenie activity in anaerobic digestion: Apparatus and method (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1459-1469 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An apparatus is described for the rapid measurement and recording of methanogenic activity in anaerobic fermentations, and its application is demonstrated in the evaluation of the anaerobic contact process, using pear waste. The method is based on recording the rate of manometer liquid displacement in a Warburgtype vessel by means of optical sensors, appropriate electronic circuitry, and an event marking recorder or time-interval printer. Optimum conditions for measuring methanogenic activity included a pH of 6.7-6.9, a final phosphate buffer concentration of 0.07-015M, and formic and acetic acid contents of over 500 and 200 mg/liter, respectively. In comparisons of fermenter liquid and settled effluent, methanogenic activity can be assumed to be proportional to the number of methane formers present. The apparatus should be generally useful in recording rates of gas production or consumption.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260161104
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  • 147
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    Polymer-metal composite supports for immobilized enzyme catalysts (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1549-1551 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260161112
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  • 148
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    Masthead (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260161201
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  • 149
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    Characterization and immobilization of E. coli (ATCC-26) β-galactosidase (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1633-1644 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The β-galactosidase from Escherichia coli ATTCC-26 was partially purified and characterized. It was found to be comparable to galactosidases from other E. coli strains in stability, pH and temperature maxima, and activity requirements, but it had a more favorable ratio of activity toward lactose versus synthetic substrates. The galactosidase was immobilized on porous glass beads by three covalent bonding methods. Kinetic data for the free and bound enzymes were determined using natural and synthetic substrates. Activity characteristics of the free and immobilized enzymes were comparable, however, the bound forms were less stable to heat.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260161206
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  • 150
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    Peptide. XX [1]. Synthese von Bradykinin-Analoga mit α-Amino-β-phenylbuttersäure (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 93-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird die Synthese von drei Analoga des Bradykinins beschrieben, in denen das Phenylalanin in Position 5 oder 8, sowie in beiden Positionen durch L-erythro-α-Amino-β-phenylbuttersäure ersetzt ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160113
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  • 151
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    MO-Berechnungen an Heterocyclen, XIX. Mitt.: M. Scholz, E. Walzel u. H.-J. Hofmann, J. prakt. Chem. 315, 1105 (1973).. EHT- und CNDO/2-Rechnungen an Thiacyclanen, Thiacyclanonen und den entsprechenden SulfonenAuszugsweise vorgetragen auf der „6. Arbeitstagung zu Problemen der Quantenchemie“, Heiligendamm, Febr. 1973. (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 103-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An Thiacyclopentan, -hexan, -pentanon, -hexanonen und deren Sulfonen wurden EHT- und CNDO/2-Rechnungen zu Grundzustandseigenschaften durchgeführt. Neben dem Leistungsvergleich der beiden Verfahren wurde untersucht, welche Bedeutung der Berücksichtigung von 3d-AO's an Atomen der 3. Periode des Periodensystems im EHT-Formalismus zukommt. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, daß durch beide MO-Verfahren die stabilsten Konformationen vorausgesagt werden. Die EHT-Rechnungen mit und ohne 3d-AO's ergaben zwischen Wannen- und Briefumschlagform keine signifikanten Energieunterschiede. Nach einer Energieaufteilungsanalyse hängt die Konformationsenergiedifferenz von den Zweizentrenbeiträgen ab, die aber in nicht überschaubarer Weise teils von den bindenden, teils von den nichtbindenden Anteilen bestimmt werden. Halbstufenpotentiale und Dipolmomente werden nur durch die CNDO/2-Rechnungen richtig wiedergegeben. Die Berücksichtigung der 3d-AO's im EHT-Verfahren führte zu keinen prinzipiellen Änderungen der Rechenergebnisse.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160114
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  • 152
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    Dienoligomerisierung. XI [1]. Versuche zur nickel(0)-katalysierten Cyclotrimerisierung des Butadiens (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 173-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160125
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  • 153
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    Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Investigation of ortho, meta and para xylenes at low temperature (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 185-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The proton magnetic resonance spectra have been measured between 4°K and their melting points for solid ortho, meta and para xylenes. It is found that lattices of these xylenes become rigid at about 4.2°K. The internal rotation of CH3 groups is observed at all temperatures above 95°K causing spectral narrowing.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160203
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  • 154
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    über Reaktionen mit Aluminiumalkylen. XVIII. Reaktionen von Butanoliden mit Methyl- und äthylaluminiumdichloridenXVII. Mitt. siehe [10]. (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 215-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Butanolide 1a-f mit Alkyl- bzw. Arylgruppen in γ-Stellung reagieren mit Āthyl-aluminiumdichlorid zu den gesättigten Säuren 3a-f. Mit Hilfe von unterschiedlich deuteriertem C2H5AlBr2 wird der Mechanismus aufgeklärt, Danach wird bei der Reaktion ein β-ständiges H-Atom des Äthyl-aluminiumdihalogenids über einen Sechsring auf das γ-C-Atom des Butanolids übertragen. Mit Methyl-aluminiumdichlorid reagieren 1a-f unter Alkylierung zu Säuren mit quartärem γ-C-Atom 7a-f. Als Nebenreaktion läuft bei 1 d eine FRIEDEL-CRAFTS-Reaktion, bei 1b, c Isomerisierung ab. Die α,β-ungesättigten Butanolide 2a, b ergeben mit Āthyl- oder Methylaluminiumdichlorid die Säuren 9a, b mit 2 konjugierten Doppelbindungen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160207
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  • 155
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    Organische Phosphorverbindungen. IV [1]. Kinetische Untersuchungen zum Alkylierungsvermögen insektizider Phophorsäureester (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 249-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Zur Einschätzung des Alkyleirungsvermögens der insektiziden Phosphorverbindungen Trichlorphon, Butonate, DDVP, Dimethoate und Methylparathion wird die Kinetik ihrer Umsetzungen mit verschiedenen nucleophilen Komponenten im Temperaturbereich von 20-100°C untersucht und die Einsatzmöglichkeit von Aminen und Halogeniden als Nucleophile in derartigen Messungen abgegrenzt. Die relativen Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten zeigen in Aceton als Lösungsmittel folgende Reaktivitätsabstufung: Methylparathion 〉 DDVP 〉 Dimethoate 〉 Butonate 〉 Trichlorphon 〉 Trimethylphosphat.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160211
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  • 156
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    Masthead (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160201
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  • 157
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    Chinonfarbstoffe. III. Die Molekül- und Kristallstruktur des 2,5-Pentamethylenimino-1,4-benzochinons, C16H22N2O2 (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 199-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Das Strukturprinzip des kristallisierten 2,5-Pentamethylenimino-1,4-benzochinons konnte mit der SAP-Methode aufgefunden werden. Die Verfeinerung der Struktur erfolgte durch dreidimensionale Fouriermethoden und anisotrope least-squares-Rechnungen. Der abschließende R-Index für 1 270 auf Filmen registrierte Reflexe beträgt 0,096. Die Abmessungen der Elementarzelle sind: a = 6,858 Å; b = 8,432 Å; c = 6,659 Å; α = 86,78°; β = 99,75°; γ = 108,68°. Die Raumgruppe ist P 1. Es liegt ein zentrosymmetrisches Molekül in der Elementarzelle.Im Chinonring tritt ein extrem langer C—C-Abstand mit 1,522 Å auf, die beiden anderen C—C-Abstände im Chinonring betragen 1,364 Å und 1,433 Å. Bemerkenswert sind die drei sehr unterschiedlichen Bindungslängen am dreibindigen N-Atom. Ein N—C-Abstand beträgt 1,361 Å, die beiden anderen N—C-Abstände betragen 1,477 Å bzw. 1,480 Å. Das Molekül kann in seiner Elektronenstruktur ähnlich wie die Moleküle in [1] und [2] nicht als chinonähnlich betrachtet werden. Es enthält vielmehr Polymethin-Polyen-ähnliche Bauelemente.Die Geometrie des Piperidin-Ringes entspricht vollständig den Erwartungswerten, sowohl hinsichtlich der Bindungslängen als auch der Bindungswinkel. Er hat exakte Sesselform.Der Kristallverband kann als dreidimensional dichte Packung der C16H22N2O2-Moleküle angesehen werden. Es berühren sich intermolekular fast ausschließlich Wasserstoffatome untereinander.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160205
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  • 158
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    Masthead (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160301
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  • 159
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    Polarographic Studies of Ni(II) Complex with Tyrosine in aqueous and aqueous-alcoholic media (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 503-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The complexation behaviour of various metal ions with tyrosine and threonine has been recently investigated in our laboratories [1-2]. However, there is hardly any reference regarding polarographic studies on complex forming ability of tyrosine and hence the present studies were undertaken. This communication deals with detailed investigations on the polarographic behaviour of Ni(II)-tyrosine system in aqueous and mixed solvent media.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160320
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  • 160
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    Synthese substituierter Rhodanine (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 520-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160324
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  • 161
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    Zur Kinetik des thermischen Zerfalls von Pentandion-(2,3), II [1]. Thermische und durch Methylradikale initiierte Spaltung von Pentandion-(2,3) bei geringen Umsätzen (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 415-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In den Temperaturbereichen 362,5-397,5°C und 241,5-277°C wurden der thermische und der durch Azomethan initiierte Zerfall von Pentandion-(2,3) bei Umsätzen 〈 5% kinetisch untersucht. Der thermische Zerfall verläuft über kurze Radikalketten mit Kettenlängen von etwa 10 und kann durch ein Zeitgesetz 1. Ordnung mit den Zerfallskonstanten \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm k}_{{\rm brutto}} = 10^{(17,9 \pm 1,0)} {\rm e}^{ - {\rm (67500} \pm {\rm 2900)/RT}} {\rm s}^{ - 1} $$\end{document} beschrieben werden.Für die Relativgeschwindigkeiten der H-Abspaltung durch Methyl- und Äthylradikale von den C-Atomen C1, C4 und C5 wurde ein Verhältnis 1 : 4,5 : 0,3 gefunden. Neben H-Abspaltungen spielen radikalische Substitutionsreaktionen als kettenfortpflanzende Schritte eine entscheidende Rolle. Für zwei Quotienten der Geschwindigkeitskonstanten kH-Abspaltung/kSubstitution werden kinetische Parameter gegeben.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160309
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  • 162
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    3-(α-Cyanoarylidene)phthalides and Related Compounds. Part I (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 463-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The formation of 3-(α-cyanoarylidene)phthalides 1a-g, by interaction of benzyl cyanides with phthalic anhydrides was studied under various conditions. The by-products, accompanying 3-(α-cyanobenzal)phthalide 1a, were identified as phthalimide, benzalphthalide 2 and 3-(α-carbamoylbenzal)phthalide 6.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160314
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  • 163
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    Die Infrarotspektren von Phosphonsäuren. II. ArylphosphonsäurenMitteilung Nr. 276 aus dem Forschungsinstitut für Aufbereitung Freiberg. (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 485-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Infrarotspektren der Phenyl-, p-Äthylphenyl-, p-Butylphenyl- und p-Octylphenylphosphonsäure werden im Bereich von 400 bis 3 500 cm-1 mitgeteilt und diskutiert. Die Car-P-Valenzschwingung nahe 1 400 cm-1, wie sie in der Literatur häufig beschrieben ist, kann nicht beobachtet werden. Es dürfte sich dabei um eine CC-Valenzschwingung des Phenylringes handeln. Für Phenylphosphonsäure wird eine „νCar-P“ bei 1150 cm-1 zugeordnet.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160317
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  • 164
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    Synthesis and Pharmacology of Schiff's Bases derived from 2-n-hexoyl-5-chlorophenol and 2-chloro-5-n-hexyl-6-hydroxybenzaldehyde (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 507-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160321
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  • 165
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    D. Martin, H. G. Hauthal, Dimethylsulfoxid. 494 S., 27 Abb., 90 Tab. und 4 Schemata. Akademie -Verlag, Berlin 1971. 96, -M (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 525-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160325
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  • 166
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    Isonitrile Chemistry. Herausgegeben von I. Ugi, Bd. 20 der Serie „Organic Chemistry“, 1. Aufl., 278 S. u. 10 Tab., Academic Press, New York and London. 1971, geb. $ 14.50 (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 527-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160328
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  • 167
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    Reaktionen α, β-dibromierter Carbonylverbindungen mit PhosphorigsäuretrialkylesternHerrn Prof. Dr. G. Hilgetag mit besten Wünschen zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 545-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: α, β-Dibromierte Aldehyde reagieren mit Phosphorigsäuretrialkylestern erwartungsgemäß bereits bei Raumtemperatur in einer Perkow-Reaktion zu den entsprechenden Dialkyl-vinyl-phosphorsäureestern. Die Umsetzung der aus Acrylestern durch Bromierung in Gegenwart von LiCl oder KBr in hohen Ausbeuten darstellbaren α,β-Dibromcarbonsäureester mit 2 Mol Phosphorigsäureestern führt in einer Ausweichreaktion weder zum Phosphonsäureester noch zum Phosphorsäurevinylester, sondern unter Enthalogenierung zu Acrylester und hauptsächlich Unterphosphorsäuretetraäthylester. Für den Reaktionsverlauf wird ein Mechanismus diskutiert, bei dem das gleiche Zwischenprodukt sowohl bei dieser als auch bei der Perkow- und der Arbusow-Reaktion durchlaufen wird.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160404
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  • 168
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    Synthese von Chloraryl-harnstoffen aus Aryl-isocyanaten und N-HalogenaminenHerrn Prof. Dr. G. Hilgetag zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 589-594 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Phenylisocyanat und einige kernsubstituierte Abkömmlinge bilden mit N-Chlor-alkylaminen kernchlorierte Arylharnstoffe 4a-4d; 5a-5d. In der Regel tritt das Chlor in die para-Stellung ein, bei besetzter para-Stellung in die ortho-Stellung. Als Zwischenstufen der Reaktion werden N-Chlor-harnstoffe wahrscheinlich gemacht Ein Vertreter dieser Verbindungsklasse (6b) wird isoliert und in die kernchlorierte Verbindung umgewandelt. N-Chlor-dimethylamin reagiert mit Phenylisocyanat bzw. 3-Chlorphenylisocyanat zu den bekannten Herbiciden Monuron 1 und Diuron 2. Hier werden als Zwischenstufen betainartige Anlagerungsprodukte 8 formuliert und durch die starke Chlorierungswirkung der Reaktionsansätze gegenüber zugesetzten Aromaten wahrscheinlich gemacht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160409
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  • 169
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    Glykoside von Heterocyclen. LII. Synthese und spektrale Eigenschaften von Ribofuranosiden des Pyridons-(2), Pyridazons-(3) und deren Schwefelisologen (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 615-620 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ausgehend von den benzoylierten Ribofuranosiden des Pyridons-(2) 5 und Pyridazons-(3) 6 gelang die Synthese der Ribofuranoside des Thiopyridons-(2) 3 und Thiopyridazons-(3) 4 durch Thionierung mittels Phosphor(V)-sulfid in α-Picolin bzw. Pyridin. Die Ribofuranoside 1, 2, 3 und 4 wurden UV-, CD- und NMR-spektroskopisch untersucht. Bei den nichtthionierten Verbindungen 1 und 2 wechselte das Vorzeichen der Cotton-Effekte durch ein zum glykosidischen N-Atom benachbartes N-Atom. Die thionierten Verbindungen 3 und 4 zeigten bei den den UV-Absorptionsmaxima entsprechenden Wellenlängen Cotton-Effekte mit positivem Vorzeichen. Bei 3 trat bei 397 nm noch ein auf einen n → π*-Übergang zurückzuführender Cotton-Effekt mit negativem Vorzeichen auf.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160412
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  • 170
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    Über die Beeinflussung der relativen Monomerreaktivität bei der kationischen Copolymerisation (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 649-658 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die kationische Copolymerisation der Monomerenpaare Cyclopentadien/β-Cyclohexylstyrol und Styrol/p-Chlorstyrol wurde unter dem Aspekt der Beeinflussung der relativen Monomerreaktivität durch Variation von Lösungsmittel, Temperatur, Katalysator sowie Elektronendonatoren und -akzeptoren durchgeführt. Die dabei erreichten Unterschiede in der Zusammensetzung der Copolymerisate werden als Folge von Veränderungen im Grad der Ladungstrennung der als Kettenträger fungierenden Ionenpaare diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160417
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  • 171
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    DIELS-ALDER-Reaktionen. III. Mitt. CH. DUSCHEK, W. Höbold, W. PRITZKOW, B. ROTHENHÄUSSER, H. SCHMIDT, W. ENGLER, D. ESTEL, H. G. HAUTHAL, J. KORN u. G. ZIMMERMANN, J. prakt. Chem. 312, 15 (1970).. Über die Anwendung linearer Freier-Energie-Beziehungen auf DIELS-ALDER-Reaktionen (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 804-816 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die DIELS-ALDER-Reaktionen einiger C5-Diene mit verschiedenen Philodienen wurden kinetisch untersucht. Auf Grund der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten mit Cyclopentadien in Dioxan bei 30°C kann man eine allgemeine Dienophilie-Skala definieren, mit der sich die Geschwindigkeiten von Diels-Alder-Reaktionen anderer Diene nach dem Prinzip der linearen Freien-Energie-Beziehungen korrelieren lassen.Lineare Freie-Energie-Beziehungen mit Parametern der Lösungsmittelpolarität lassen sich nicht nur für das endo/exo-Verhältnis der Reaktionsprodukte aus Cyclopentadien und Acrylmonomeren, sondern auch für die Geschwindigkeiten dieser Diels-Alder-Reaktionen aufstellen. Das spricht für relativ stark polare Übergangszustände bei Diels-Alder-Reaktionen von Dienkohlen-wasserstoffen mit stark polaren Philodienen.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160513
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  • 172
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    Chemie angeregter Zustände. VIV. Mitt.: M. SCHOLZ, F. DIETZ u. M. Mühlstädt, Tetrahedron Letters [London] 1970, 2835.. PPP-Typ-Berechnungen der Elektronenspektren der fünf stellungsisomeren α-Styrylazulene (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 857-865 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mit einer variablen-β,γ-SCF-LCI-Methode wurden die π-Elektronenspektren der Titelverbindungen in ihrer s-trans-Konfiguration berechnet. Die Ergebnisse stehen in guter Übereinstimmung mit dem Experiment. Zur Interpretation der Spektren wurden die berechneten Übergänge nach KURODA et al. aufgeschlüsselt. Die längstwellige Bande entspricht einem schwach gestörten 1A → 1Lb-Übergang des Azulens. Die um 25 kcm-1 liegende Bande besitzt ebenfalls noch ausgeprägte Ähnlichkeit mit dem 1A → 1La-Übergang des Azulens, der jedoch durch den Styrylrest stark intensiviert und bathochrom verschoben wird. Die Übergänge oberhalb 30 kcm-1 zeigen z.T. beträchtlichen inneren charge-transfer-Charakter.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160519
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  • 173
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    Elektrophile Substitution am N-[Pyridyl-(2)]-thiazolyl-(2)-aminHerrn Prof. Dr. G. Hilgetag zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 881-885 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Reaktionen von N-[Pyridyl-(2)]-thiazolyl-(2)-amin 1 mit Elektrophilen werden im Hinblick auf die relative nucleophile Reaktivität von Pyridin und Thiazol untersucht. Es wird über die Bromierung, Nitrierung, Sulfonierung sowie Aminoalkylierung von 1 berichtet. Alle Reaktionen verlaufen selektiv unter Substitution der 5-Position des Thiazolrings. Die NMR-Daten von 1 und seiner Substitutionsprodukte werden mitgeteilt.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160602
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  • 174
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    Oxydative Dimerisierung von 1,4-Dithiafulvenen (2-Methylen-1,3-dithiolen)Herrn Prof. Dr. G. Hilgetag zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 907-912 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bei der Oxydation der elektronenreichen 1,4-Dithiafulvene 1 bilden sich unter Dimerisierung als Endprodukte die Dikationen 5. Diese sind Endstufe eines zweistufigen Redoxsystems, das außerdem aus den Formen 7 (Radikalkation) und 8 (elektronenreiches Butadien) besteht.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160606
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    Polarographic Study of Thio-Salicylic Acid (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 934-942 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polarographic behaviour of thio-salicylic acid (TSH) at d.m.e. has been investigated in the presence of KNO3 in the pH range 1.60 to 13.50 at 30.0 ± 0.2°C in 40% ethanol (by volume) at 0.2 M ionic strength. Well defined anodic waves were obtained at all pH values. The effect of pH, concentration of TSH, drop time, temperature and ethanol, on the wave characteristics and the mechanism of the reaction at the surface of mercury drop have been studied in detail. The reversibility of the reaction mechanism was confirmed by a number of methods. The wave was diffusion controlled, reversible involving one electron transfer process and proportional to TSH concentration. Methematical and experimental evidence shows that the anodic wave of TSH at d.m.e. does not correspond to the formation of (TSST) but to a mercury compound, TSHg. The diffusion coefficients and temperature coefficients for the range of 20-45°C of id at pH 5.70 and 9.20 have been found to be 5.248; 5.105 × 10-6 cm2 · sec-1 and 1.215, 1.127% per degree, respectively. The dissociation constant (pK) was found to be 9.80 by the plot E1/2 vs. pH. The linearity of id with TSH concentrations provides a rapid and precise method for the determination of TSH down to 0.06 mM.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160610
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  • 176
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    2-Hydrazinothiophen-3-carbonsäureester (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 878-880 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160522
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  • 177
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    D-Gluconsäure-δ-lacton als hydrophiler Baustein von TensidenHerrn Prof. Dr. G. Hilgetag mit den besten Wünschen zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 895-900 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Synthese von nichtionogenen Tensiden aus N,N-Bis-[2-gluconylamino-äthyl]-amin und Alkylisocyanaten sowie Alkansäuren wird beschrieben. Die grenzflächenaktiven Eigenschaften der erhaltenen Produkte werden untersucht.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160604
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  • 178
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    3-Hydroxy-pyrazole aus carbonylstabilisierten AzomethiniminenHerrn Prof. Dr. G. Hilgetag mit den besten Wünschen zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 886-894 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1-Aryliden-pyrazolidon-(3)-azomethinimine 5 lagern sich in protonischen Lösungsmitteln quantitativ in 1-substituierte 3-Hydroxy-pyrazole 2 um. Damit steht erstmalig eine einfache allgemeine Synthese für 2 zur Verfügung. IR- und 1H-NMR-Parameter, deren Signifikanz durch eindeutig synthetisierte 1-substituierte 3-Hydroxy-pyrazole 2 belegt ist, beweisen die Struktur der 3-Hydoxy-pyrazole 2.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160603
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  • 179
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    Mikro-Fluoreszenzindikator-Adsorptionsmethode zur Molekültypenanalyse organischer Verbindungen (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 917-927 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Nach ausführlicher Diskussion einiger Probleme der FIA-Analyse, die vor allem die Auswahl geeigneter Silikagele betreffen, wird die Mikro-FIA-Methode (MFIA) beschrieben.Die FIA-Methode ist eine adsorptionschromatographische (Verdrängungs)-Methode, bei der die Zonen der Verbindungstypen durch Fluoreszenzfarbstoffe sichtbar gemacht werden.Die neu Methode (MFIA) zeichnet sich durch eine einfache Handhabung sowie durch geringen Zeit- und Substanzbedarf aus und erschließt neue Anwendungsmöglichkeiten. Sie eignet sich in modifizierter Form zur Spurenbestimmung von Aromaten und Olefinen bis zu Gehalten von 10-3 Vol.-%. Die Methode wurde an Kohlenwasserstoffgemischen bis zu einem Siedeende von 410°C sowie an Fettalkoholgemischen überprüft.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160608
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  • 180
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    Dienoligomerisierung. XIII. Folgereaktionen bei der nickelkomplexkatalysierten Codimerisierung von konjugierten Cycloalkadienen mit Äthylen (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 952-962 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bei der Reaktion von Cyclohexadien-(1,3), Cycloheptadien-(1,3) und Cylooctadien-(1,3) mit Äthylen in Gegenwart von Katalysatorsystemen, aus die einer Nickel (II)-Verbindung, einem Trialkyl- oder Triarylphosphin und einer Kombination aus Triäthylaluminium und Diäthylaluminiumhalogenid erhalten werden, entstehen 3-Vinylcycloalkene. Diese Primärprodukte isomerisieren unter dem Einfluß des Katalysatorsystems hauptsächlich zu den cis-trans-Isomerenpaaren der 3-Äthylidencycloalkene und reagieren weiterhin mit überschüssigem Äthylen zu 1-Butenylcycloalkenen.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160612
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  • 181
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    Vinyloge Acylverbindungen. XIII. Zur Fluoreszenz 2-arylsubstituierter Pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidiniumsalze (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 875-877 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160521
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  • 182
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    Masthead (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160101
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  • 183
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    Reaktionen mit 4-Amino-5-benzoylthiazolen (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 19-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2-Aryl-4-amino-5-benzoyl-thiazole 2 werden zu 2-Aryl-4-acylamino-5-benzoyl-thiazolen 4 acyliert und in Form ihrer Perchlorate 3 mit Ketomethylenverbindungen bzw. Säureamid-Derivaten zu Thiazolo[4,5-b]pyridinen 5 bzw. Thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidinen 6 umgesetzt.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160104
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  • 184
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    Kapillar-gaschromatographische Charakterisierung von C10- bis C12-Aromaten (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Retentionsindices von 120 alkylaromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen im Bereich bis C12 werden an UCON LB 550 X- und Carbowax 20 M-Kapillaren gemessen und einige Zusammenhänge zwischen Struktur und Retentionsverhalten anhand der ΔI-Werte diskutiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen für stellungsisomere di-, tri- und tetra-alkylsubstituierte Aromaten folgende Zusammenhänge: ΔI1,2 〉 ΔI1,3, ΔI1,4; ΔI1,2,3 〉 ΔI1,2,4 〉 ΔI1,3,5; ΔI1,2,3,4; ΔI1,2,3,5; ΔI1,2,4,5. Die Verwendung von FRIEDEL-CRAFTS-Reaktionen zur Herstellung definierter Testgemische wird beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160102
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  • 185
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    Die Addition von Oxalessigester an 2,4; 3,5-Di-O-benzyliden-al-D-xylose, Ein neuer Weg zur Synthese von 2-Desoxy-heptosen (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 13-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Addition von Oxalessigester an 2,4; 3,5-Di-O-benzyliden-al-D-xylose 1 führt zum 3-Äthoxycarbonyl-3-desoxy-5,7; 6,8-di-O-benzyliden-D-gulo-oktulosonsäure-äthylester 2, aus dem man durch Erwärmen mit verd. Salzsäure in Dioxan die 2-Desoxy-D-gulo-heptose 3 erhält. Beim Schütteln mit konz. Salzsäure und Benzylmercaptan entsteht aus 3 unter Abspaltung von Wasser das [2-Hydroxymethyl-furanyl(5)]-acetaldehyd-dibenzylmercaptal 6. Der Ketosäureester 2 kann in einer Keto-(2 a) und in einer Enol-Form 2 b auftreten. Von letzterer leiten sich das 2,4-Di-O-acetat 4 und der 2,4-Di-O-methyläther 5 ab. Die D-gulo-Konfiguration der Verbindungen 2, 3, 4 und 5 wird durch Überführen des Methyläthers 5 in den O-Methyl-L-äpfelsäure-bis-(p-bromphenacylester) 10 bewiesen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160103
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  • 186
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    Folgeprodukte halogenierter Aldehyde. I. N-(1-Hydroxy-2,2,3-trichlorpropyl)-säureamide (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 54-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aliphatische und aromatische Carbonsäureamide sowie einige Harnstoff-Derivate bilden beim Erwärmen mit 2,2,3-Trichlorpropionaldehyd N-(1-Hydroxy-2,2,3-trichlorpropyl)-säureamide 2a-n. Phenyl- und Benzylharnstoff ergeben 1,1-Bis-phenylureido- (3a) bzw. 1,1-Bisbenzylureido-2,2,3-trichlorpropan 3b. Die Verbindungen 2 lassen sich mit Dimethylsulfat in Natronlauge zu den N-(1-Methoxy-2,2,3-trichlorpropyl)-säureamiden 6a-b methylieren und mit Carbonsäurechloriden in Pyridin zu den N-(1-Acyloxy-2,2,3-trichlorpropyl)-säureamiden 5a-k acylieren. Bei der Einwirkung von Acetanhydrid auf die Verbindungen 2 in Natronlauge entstehen 1,1′-Bis-acylamino-2,2,3,2′,2′,3′-hexachlor-dipropyläther 7a-c. N-(1-Hydroxy-2,2,3-trichlorpropyl)-salicylsäureamid 2n unterliegt beim Erwärmen mit Schwefelsäure einer Ringschlußreaktion unter Bildung des Dihydrobenzoxazin-Derivats 8.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160108
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  • 187
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    Elektrochemisches Verhalten von N-Aryl-Δ2-pyrazolinen. II [1]. Anodische Oxydation von 1,3,5-Triaryl-Δ2-pyrazolinen und 4,4′-Bis-[3,5-diaryl-Δ2-pyrazolinyl-(1)]-biphenylen in Acetonitril (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 267-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die elektrochemische Oxydation der 1,3,5-Triaryl-Δ2-pyrazoline 1a-w und der 4,4′-Bis-[3,5-diaryl-Δ2-pyrazolinyl-(1)]-biphenyle 4a-j in Acetonitril wurde mit Hilfe der Polarographie an der rotierenden Scheibenelektrode, der zyklischen Voltammetrie und der Elektrolyse bei kontrolliertem Potential bei gleichzeitigen coulometrischen Messungen untersucht. Dabei wurde gefunden, daß das anodische Verhalten von 1 in entscheidendem Maße durch Substitution der para-Stellung der 1-Arylgruppe bestimmt wird. Während die Oxydation der 1-Phenyl-3,5-diaryl-Δ2-pyrazoline 1a und 1c-1 n unter Aufnahme von 2 Faraday/Mol zu den Dikationen 6 der entsprechenden Dimeren 4 führt, bleibt sie bei Blockierung dieser Position auf der Stufe der Radikalkationen 3 der Monomeren stehen, die nur im Falle des 1-p-Nitrophenyl-3,5-diphenyl-Δ2-pyrazolins 1w in langsamer Folgereaktion zum Pyrazol 2w weiterreagieren. Substituenten beeinflussen das anodische Halbstufenpotential in Abhängigkeit von ihrer Stellung in der 1-, 3- oder 5-Phenylgruppe in abnehmendem Maße, wobei elektronenziehende Gruppen eine positivierende und elektronendrückende Gruppen eine negativierende Wirkung besitzen. Es wird gezeigt, daß sich unter dem Einfluß der Substituenten die Reaktivität der Radikalkationen 3 in gleichem Maße erhöht, wie ihre oxydative Bildung erschwert wird. Die Strukturabhängigkeit der Oxydations- und Reduktionshalbstufenpotentiale gestattet darüber hinaus eine Interpretation des Substituenteneffektes auf die Lage der Absorptions- und Fluoreszenzmaxima sowie auf die STOKES-sche Verschiebung der Triarylpyrazoline. Die Darstellung der Verbindungen 4 a-j aus den entsprechenden Monomeren durch oxydative Dimerisierung mit Eisen(III)-chlorid sowie deren Absorptions- und Fluoreszenzspektren werden beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160213
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  • 188
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    Modifizierte Aminosäuren und Peptide. I. Synthese von Aminoacyl- und Peptid-Derivaten des 2-Amino-2-phenyl-indandions-(1,3) (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 140-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch Umsetzung von 2-Amino-2-phenyl-indandion-(1, 3) mit N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-geschützten Aminosäuren mittels Dicyclohexylcarbodiimid werden die entsprechenden Aminoacylverbindungen 2-6 erhalten. Nach Abspaltung der Schutzgruppe lassen sich daraus Dipeptid (16-18)- und Tripeptid(20)-Derivate herstellen.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160119
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  • 189
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    Nanosekunden-Pulsradiolyse von Styrol in wäßriger Lösung (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 402-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wurden die Absorptionsspektren der radikalischen Additionsprodukte der Primärteilchen der Wasserradiolyse mit dem Styrol aufgenommen. Für die Extinktionskoeffizienten der Radikale Ph—ĊH—CH3, Ph—ĊH—CH2OH und · (C6H5OH)—CH=CH2 wurden von der Literatur [1-3] abweichende Werte erhalten. Die Radikale H, OH und eaq⊖ reagieren vorwiegend mit der Olefingruppe des Styrols. Es wurden die Geschwindigkeitskonstanten der Bildungs- und Abreaktion der oben erwähnten organischen Radikale bestimmt und auf Grund von HMO-Abschätzungen qualitativ gedeutet.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160308
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  • 190
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    Folgeprodukte halogenierter Aldehyde. III [1]. Additionsreaktionen der N-Acyl-2,2,3-trichlorpropionaldimine (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 443-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: N-Acyl-2,2,3-trichlorpropionaldimine 2 reagieren mit Schwefelwasserstoff und mit Ammoniak im Mol-Verhältnis 2:1 unter Bildung der Thioäther 1a-c bzw. der Amine 3a-d. Alkohole, Mercaptane und Amine werden an die Aldimine 2 unter Bildung von N-(1-Alkoxy-2,2,3-trichlorpropyl) (4a-m), N-(1-Alkylmercapto-2,2,3-trichlorpropyl)- (5a-i) bzw. von N-(1-Alkylamino-2,2,3-trichlorpropyl)- (6a, b, f, g) und N-(1-Arylamino-2,2,3-trichlorpropyl)-säureamiden 6c-e addiert. Die Addition von p-Nitrophenylhydrazin an die Aldimine 2 führt zu den N-(1-p-Nitrophenylhydrazino-2,2,3-trichlorpropyl)-säureamiden 6h, i.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160312
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  • 191
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    Vinyloge Acylverbindungen. XII [1]. Über die Umsetzung von 2-Chlorvinylketonen mit 2-Aminopyridin (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 474-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2-Aminopyridin 4 reagiert mit 2-Chlorvinylketonen 7 zu 1-[2-Acyl-vinyl]-2-amino-pyridiniumsalzen 9, die sich auch aus 4 · HClO4 und äthinylketonen 8 bilden. Durch Basen werden die Quartärsalze 9 reversibel zu Pyridon-(2)-iminen 10 deprotoniert, durch Erhitzen mit Eisessig/HClO4 zu Pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidiniumsalzen 11, cyclisiert. Letztere sind auch im „Eintopf“-Verfahren zugänglich: Propargylaldehyd z. B. führt zum Grundkörper 12, von Benzocyclenonen abgeleitete Chlormethylenverbindungen liefern die polycyclischen Systeme 14. - Die UV-Spektren der dargestellten Verbindungen werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160316
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  • 192
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    Organophosphorus compounds. XXI. The Reaction of Alkyl Phosphites with 10-Methyleneanthrone and 10-Arylideneanthrones (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 377-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of triethyl and trimethyl phosphites with 10-methyleneanthrone 1a, 10-benzylideneanthrone 1b, 10-(p-chlorobenzylidene)anthrone 1c, 10-(p-methoxybenzylidene)anthrone 1d and 10-(diphenylmethylene)anthrone 1e, has been investigated. Depending on the experimental conditions, reaction of 1a with triethyl phosphite gives diethyl (10-ethoxy-9-anthryl)methylphosphonate 3a and/or the spiroanthrone 8a, whereas, with trimethyl phosphite, dimethyl [(9, 10-dihydro-10-oxo-9-anthryl)methyl]phosphonate 11a is formed. Compound 1b on reaction with trimethyl phosphite yields dimethyl [α-(9,10-dihydro-10-oxo-9-anthryl) benzyl]phosphonate 11b. Reaction of 1c with triethyl phosphite and trimethyl phosphite gives rise to diethyl [p-chloro-α-(10-ethoxy-9-anthryl)benzyl]phosphonate 3c and dimethyl [p-chloro-α-(9,10-dihydro-10-oxo-9-anthryl)benzyl]phosphonate 11c respectively. Compounds 1d and 1e did not react with alkyl phosphites.Possible reaction mechanisms are considered and the structural assignments are based on analytical and spectroscopic results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160305
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    Masthead (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160401
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  • 194
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    Über α-substituierte Phosphonate, XVI. Reaktion von phosphoriger Säure bzw. deren Anhydrid mit OrthoameisensäureesternHerrn Professor Dr. G. Hilgetag zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 550-556 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Orthoameisensäuretriäthylester 2a gibt mit H3PO3 in Gegenwart von Spuren Wasser Phosphorigsäurediäthylester, während mit wasserfreier H3PO3 neben O-Alkylierung auch „P-Dialkoxymethylierung“ unter Bildung von Diäthoxymethan-phosphonsäurediäthylester 4a beobachtet wird. Mit P4O6 reagiert 2a ebenfalls unter Bildung von 4a und dem Pyrophosphonsäureester 10.-Der Ablauf der Reaktionen wird diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160405
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  • 195
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    Reactions of 4-[4′-(1′,3′-Diphenylpyrazolyl)methylene]-2-phenyl-5-oxo-2-oxazoline with grignard reagents and diazoalkanes (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 363-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The title compound reacts with two moles of Grignard reagents with 1,2-addition to give the alcohol 4, and/or the oxazoline 5, or with 1,4-addition to give the amino ketone 6. A reaction mechanism is proposed. Diazomethane is always added to the exocyclic double bond in 1, but diphenyldiazomethane, in addition, replaces the carbonyl-oxygen by a benzhydrylidene group to give compound 9.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160303
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  • 196
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    The Stobbe Condensation with Indolyl-3-aldehyde. A synthesis of carbazole derivatives (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 386-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The condensation of indolyl-3-aldehyde with either dimethyl-, or dimethyl methylsuccinate in the presence of potassium t-butoxide gave predominatly the (E)-half esters 1a and 1b, whose configuration is inferred by cyclisation with sodium acetate in acetic anhydride to the corresponding carbazole derivatives 2. Hydrolysis of the above half esters gives the corresponding acids 1c and 1d, which can be converted to the anhydrides 3.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160306
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  • 197
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    Enzymatisch spaltbare, spezifische Transportformen von Cancerostatica. I. 4-[N,N-Bis-(2-chloräthyl)-amino]-phenyl-O-β-D-glucopyranosid (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 429-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird über die Synthese des 4-[N,N-Bis-(2-chloräthyl)-amino]-phenyl-O-β-D-glucopyranosids 2 berichtet, welches durch β-Glucosidasen in das cytostatisch hochwirksame 4-[N,N-Bis-(2-chloräthyl)-amino]-phenol 1 und Glucose gespalten wird.4-Amino-phenyl-O-β-D-glucopyranosidtetraacetat wird durch Äthylenchlorhydrin in Gegenwart von Natriumbicarbonat zum 4-[N,N-Bis-(2-hydroxyäthyl)-amino]-phenyl-O-β-D-glucopyranosidtetraacetat 4 umgesetzt, welches nach Chlorierung mit thionylchlorid/Pyridin und Entacetylierung in NaOCH3—MeOH—CH2Cl2 2 ergibt. Es wird über die Stabilität der Stickstofflostgruppe in 1 und 2 sowie über biologische Testungen kurz berichtet.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160310
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  • 198
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    Dienoligomerisierung. XIIXI. Mitt.: J. Beger, H. Füllbier u. W. Gaube, J. prakt. Chem. 316, 173 (1974).. 3-Vinylcycloalkene durch Nickelkomplexkatalysierte Codimerisierung von Cycloalkadienen-(1,3) mit Äthylen (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 449-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cyclohexadien-(1,3), Cycloheptadien-(1,3) und Cyclooctadien-(1,3) setzen sich mit Äthylen unter Einwirkung von Nickelkomplexkatalysatoren zu den 3-Vinylcycloalkenen um, Cyclopentadien reagiert nicht.Es werden Reaktionsbedingungen und Zusammensetzung des Katalysatorsystems variiert.Die kinetische Untersuchung der Codimerisierung von Cyclohexadien-(1,3) mit Äthylen ergibt eine quadratische Abhängigkeit der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit von der Katalysatorkonzentration. Durch Verwendung von deuteriertem äthylen und methylsubstituierten Cyclohexadienen-(1,3) werden mechanistische Einblicke in die Reaktion erhalten.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160313
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  • 199
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    Folgeprodukte halogenierter Aldehyde. IV [1]. Additionen von Carbonsäuren, Carbonsäureamiden und Phenolen an N-Acyl-2,2,3-trichlorpropionaldimine (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 491-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch Addition von Carbonsäuren, Carbonsäureamiden und Phenolen an N-Acyl-2,2,3-trichlorpropionaldimine 3 entstehen N-(1-Acyloxy-2,2,3-trichlorpropyl)-säureamide 1a-e, 1,1-Bis-acylamino-2,2,3-trichlor-propane 2a-g bzw. N-(1-Aryloxy-2,2,3-trichlorpropyl)-säureamide 4a-f. Die 1,1-Bis-acylamino-2,2,3-trichlor-propane 2a, c, h, i lassen sich auch durch Umsetzung von 2,2,3-Trichlorpropionaldehyd mit Nitrilen bei Gegenwart von Schwefelsäure darstellen.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160318
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  • 200
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    Synthesis of New 10-Substituted Phenothiazine Derivatives (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 511-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160322
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