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  • 1965-1969  (23,845)
  • 1920-1924  (7,605)
  • Chemistry  (31,450)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (7,229)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 8 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 8 (1969), S. 21-27 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An increase in temperature causes an increase in the amplitudes of intramolecular and intermolecular motions and mainfests itself as an increase in the effective radii of the various atoms, especially hydrogen atoms. If one uses a Lennard-Jones 6-12 potential function to account for nonbonded interactions, this increase in the radius of the hydrogen atom is equivalent to a modification of the coefficient of the repulsive part of the Lennard-Jones potential. Accordingly, this effect of increasing temperature on the helix sense of several polyamino acids is computed by allowing the effective radius of the hydrogen atom to increase. It is found that the preferred sense of several polyamino acid helices changes from right- to left-handed as the temperature is increased. This accounts for recent experimental observations of changes in helix sense with temperature.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 8 (1969), S. 57-68 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Potentiometric titrations and some complementary optical rotation data are presented for solutions of poly(L- glutamic acid) (PGA) in several H2O-ethanol mixtures. The data allow the determination of the intrinsic pK (pK0), slope of the apparent. pK (pKapp), versus degree of ionization curves and of the enthalpy of ionization as a function of ethanol concentration. The variation of the degree of ionization at which the helix-coil transformation occurs with ethanol and temperature is also determined. Finally free energy, enthalpy, and intropy changes associated with the helix-coil transformation for the uncharged conformers are determined from the titration curves. The effect of the ethanol is to increase the stability of the helical conformation of PGA for both the charged and the uncharged forms of the polymer. The stabilization of the uncharged helix is essentially an entropic effect.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 8 (1969), S. 91-99 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Infrared spectra of polypeptides were measured in the region of 1800-400 cm-1. For the α-helical form, disordered form, and antiparallel-chain β-form, amide V band- arising from N-H out-of-plane bending models were observed at 610-620, around 650, and 700-705 cm-1, respectively, and amide V′ bands arising from N-D out-of-plane bending modes were observed at 455-465, around 510, and a 515-530 cm-1, respectively. These correlations are useful for conformation diagnoses, particularly for copolyamino-acids or proteins which are not oriented. The nature of low-frequency amide bands are discussed with reference to potential energy distributions calculated for the α-helical form and β form.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Some experimental data are given on the infrared spectra between 3300 and 3500 cm-1 of dilute solutions in carbon tetrachloride of three types of model compounds: CH3-CONH-CH(R1)-CONH(R2), (I); CH3-CON(CH3)-CH(R1)-CONH(R2), (II) and CH3-CONH-CH(R1)-CON(R2)2, (III). In studying the N-H stretching bands, it was found that there are two types of intramolecular hydrogen bonds in these molecules; these result in two different cyclized conformations, C5 and C7, which contain respectively, five and seven atoms in the ring. By using model substances I, II, and III, in which the nitrogen atoms are unequally substituted, it is possible to identify the N-H stretching bands which are to be ascribed to the N-H oscillators included in the two different chelated conformations. It is found also that the stretching frequency of a free N-H oscillator depends upon the substituent on the nitrogen atom. Thus, it is possible to observe, with some of the model compounds I, four different absorption bands located at 3340, 3420, 3440, and 3460 cm-1. The first two are ascribed to the N-H oscillators included in the H—bonds which lock the C7 and C5 conformations; the last two correspond to free N-H which differ with the substituent on the nitrogen atom.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 8 (1969), S. 153-155 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 207-213 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Molecular orbital calculations of the extended Hückel type have been used to study the conformations of glycyl and alanyl residues in ground and excited states. The ground-state surfaces show features similar to those obtained with the standard calculational methods in which the total energy is partitioned into components such as torsions, nonbonded and electrostatic interactions. The molecular orbital calculations provide the first independent theoretical check on such calculations. The excited-state surfaces, Uniquely available from the molecular orbital calculations, exhibit a better definition and sharpening of potential minima in the sterically allowed regions.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We derive equations for calculating the number-, weight-, and z-average lengths between single-strand breaks in DNA molecules. Provision is made for the existence of preformed breaks under genetic control: these are assumed to be fixed in number in each molecule, but may be variable in position. Breaks due to random degradation may be superimposed on the pre-existing breaks. An example is given for illustrative purposes.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 223-239 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The conformation in solution of fractionated 30 S and 19 S ribosomal RNA from rabbit reticulocytes has been studied by optical rotatory dispersion, analysis of thermal melting profiles and their derivatives, and spectrophotometric acid-base titration. From a consideration of the limitations of these methods, it has been possible to set limiting values on the degree of base-pairing and the lengths of the double helices: between 60 and 80% of the bases in 19 S and 30 S RNA are estimated to be paired. The paired segments are not shorter than 4 base pairs, and evidence from other sources is available which indicates that they are not longer than 8-16 base pairs. The spread of helix lengths is greater in the 30 S than in 19 S RNA; and other differences are noted. Several distinct populations of double helices, differing in their thermal stability, are present. Estimates are presented from spectrophotometric and titration data for the base compositions of the paired and unpaired regions.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 251-263 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A small perturbation analysis is carried out to determine the stability of a fluid containing two layers of diffusing solutes in a common solvent and acted upon by a uniform gravitational field. It is found that instability can arise even though the unperturbed diffusion does not lead to the formation of a density inversion within the fluid.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 11
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 475-493 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of denaturation of DNA have been studied by relaxation techniques. Examination of the terminal relaxation times for a variety of DNA's under a variety of conditions has shown that DNA denaturation is principally a hydrodynamically limited process. Measurements within the helix-coil transition have demonstrated that the experimentally measured terminal relaxation times are a function of the following: (1) position in the helix-coil transition; (2) ionic strength of the solvent; (3) solvent viscosity; (4) DNA concentration; (5) molecular weight; (6) number and position of single-strand breaks. The dependence of the terminal relaxation time on the above mentioned factors can be attributed to hydrodynamic effects. Thus a hydrodynamic model for DNA unwinding is required. The model which best fits the data involves the assumption of a rotational frictional coefficient independent of molecular weight. This assumption is suggested by the fact that the relaxation time is proportional to the first power of the molecular weight.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 495-502 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Sodium counterion association with partially neutralized poly(D-glutamic acid) or poly(DL-glutamic acid) was measured by use of Wall's transference method with radioactive sodium. In the region where both polyacids are in completely random coil form, fractions of association were considerably less than that with poly(acrylic acid) in the same region of degree of neutralization. Even in the region where poly (D-glutamic acid) is in the helical form, the fraction of association was less than that with poly(acrylic acid) in the same region. No pronounced characteristics attributable to counterion association corresponding to the helix-coil transition could be found. The association phenomena were discussed on the basis of a rodlike model of polyelectrolyte.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 411-415 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The isomerization of poly-L-proline in different solvents has been studied by NMR spectroscopy. Different resonance signals for the CHα protons have been obtained for the two different helical conformations of thus compound, namely form I and form II.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 417-422 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly-β-N-diphenylmethyl-L-asparagine and poly-γ-N-diphenylmethyl-L-glutamine were prepared from the corresponding N-carboxyanhydrides. Poly-L-aspuragine and poly-L-glutamine were obtained by removal of the diphenylmethyl protecting groups with liquid anhydrous hydrofluoric acid.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 379-393 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Hydrogen-tritium exchange character of poly-D,L-alanine was studied in detail as a model for the hydrogen exchange behavior of the unhindered, polymeric peptide group. The random chain nature of poly-D,L-alanine was evident in the uniformity of exchange rate of all its hydrogens and in the similarity between this rate and that of random chain poly-D,L-lysine and other known, unhindered secondary amide groups. An equilibrium isotope effect favoring the binding of tritium over protium to the extent of 21% was measured. Specific acid and base catalysis of the exchange and the absence of detectable general catalysis were demonstrated. Apparent energy of activation is 17 kcal/mole for deprotonation, largely due to dependence of Kw on temperature, and 15 kcal/mole for protonation, which correlates with the extreme apparent pK. The hydrogen -tritium exchange half-time rate; of poly-D,L-alamine at any pH and temperature (T: °C) is given by the equation: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \[t_{\frac{1}{2}} \,(\min )\, = \,200\,\, \times \,10^{0.05{\rm T}} /\,[10^{{\rm pH} - 3} \, + \,10^{3 - {\rm pH}} ]\] $$\end{document}
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 581-593 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The specific rotation of starch components, corrected for refractive index variation, exhibits a discontinuity in the region of the water-dimethyl sulfoxide (H2O-DMSO) system that corresponds to the composition of the complex 2H2O-DMSO. This discontinuity is a property dependent upon the presence of a number of consecutively linked α-1,4 glucose units and, therefore, must reflect a change in symmetry of a segment, of polymer chain. The optical rotation of amylose between 26.5 and 92.5°C. does not change in DMSO and is only slightly lowered in water at the higher temperature. The behavior of amylose in both DMSO and H2O is like that of a random coil, as indicated by viscosity and sedimentation measurements. These results may be interpreted either as being compatible with models of amylose in solution in which the polymer backbone has helical twist, or as indicating removal of strong interactions between polymer chain segments by a good solvent.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 18
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 614-618 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 7 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 1-3 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 5-19 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The osmotic pressure equation for nonideal, associating systems of the type nA +mB ⇄ AnBm, has been derived, by using the assumption yAnBm/yAnyBm = 1. This treatment can also be applied to related associations such as nA + mB ⇄ AB + AB2 + A2B + …. From osmotic pressure experiments on the pure reactants it is possible to obtain the molecular weights (MA and MB) of the reactants and also the virial coefficients (BAA and BBB) of the reactants. The osmotic pressure of a nonreacting mixture of A and B can be calculated from these measurements. It can be used along with osmotic pressure measurements on equilibrium mixtures of A and B to obtain expressions containing the equilibrium constant (or constants) and the cross-virial coefficients (BAB and BBA). Several procedures are described for the evaluation of the equilibrium constant (or constants) and the BAB or BBA terms. It appears that this procedure is a general one which is applicable to associations of the type nA + mB ⇄ AB + A2B + AB2 + …. By correcting for nonideal behavior, one should then be able to apply it to any method available for analyzing ideal associations of the types considered here. In addition it is possible, subject to certain restrictions, to analyze associations of the type 3A + B ⇄ A2 + AB.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 39-58 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method has been developed for characterizing at, submicrogram levels the heterogeneity of histones from purified nuclei. The histones are eluted with a smooth concentration gradient from nuclei trapped in polyacrylamide-gel threads and are collected in a micro fraction collector suitable for volumes in the 10-100 μl range. The gradient and fraction collection systems are governed by cam driven syringes. Samples obtained are subjected to electrophoresis in a starch-gel system and the gels are stained with a highly sensitive stain specific for guanidinium groups. Seven major and a similar number of minor components are demonstrated in the histones. The method of differential elution of trapped macromolecules is suitable for use with systems other than nuclei and histones.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 24
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is presented for the treatment of distribution functions obtained by ultra-centrifugal sedimentation velocity experiments on the plasma lipoproteins, so that adequate corrections can he made for the effects of diffusion and concentration dependence of the sedimentation coefficient. The method involves the use of modified equations derived from those presented in 1952 by Gosting for the transform from g* (S) to g(S) distributions. The evaluation of the molecular parameters of lipoprotein density and size, from a set of g(Si°) distribution functions obtained in solvents of varying density, is also outlined. Preparations of the β-lipoprotein of human plasma are found to follow a bivariate normal distribution that requires evaluation of five parameters, x̄1, σ1, x̄2, σ2and p. The first two represent the mean and standard deviation of the lipoprotein density, the third and fourth the same quantities for the size, expressed as ft “logarithmic diameter parameter”, and the final value is a measure of the correlation between these two variables.
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 133-133 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 7 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 155-171 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectra at 100 MHz and 220 MHz have been obtained on two samples of poly-L-alanine of differing molecular weights (2500 and 42 500) in the chloroform-trifluoroacetic acid system under various conditions of solvent composition, temperature, and polypeptide concentration. Separate helix and random coil peaks are observed for the α-CH and peptide NH backbone proton resonances, thereby permitting the determination of helix content. This observation of separate peaks demonstrates that the lifetimes of the helix and random coil portions of poly-L-alanine have lower limits of about 10-1 sec. It is suggested that solvent-peptide versus peptide-peptide hydrogen bond competition, coupled with a destabilizing effect of the trifluoroacetic acid on the helix, is responsible for the helix-random coil transformation.
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 135-153 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The combination of an agarose gel (Bio-Gel A) and a dioxane-water (1:1) solvent system allowed the fractionation, on a preparative scale, of a very polydisperse, non-derivatized lignin preparation (enzymatically liberated lignin prepared from sweetgum sapwood with Lenzites trabea). Three fractions differing markedly in molecular weight were obtained. A gel of crosslinked alkylated dextran (Sephadex LH-20) with the same solvent system allowed division of the lowest molecular weight fraction into two fractions. These materials were characterized by measurements of intrinsic viscosity and number-average molecular weights in dimethylformamide and dioxane-water. It was established that the two highest molecular weight fractions were associated in an average trimeric form in dioxane-water (1:1) as compared to the form (considered to be molecular) that occurred in dimethylformamide. Molecular size distributions and eluant volumes of the fractions were determined with a Sephadex G-100-formamide system, the latter being one of the most powerful nonaqueous solvents for lignin. Adsorption effects were known to be absent in this case, and the lignin molecules were considered to be unassociated in formamide. The four fractions were distinguishable with the formamide-G-100 system, thus indicating that the original fractionation was based on molecular size. The enzymatically liberated lignin contained molecules that comprised a continuum of molecular weights from approximately monomeric to molecules that were at the limit of the solvating power of dioxane-water (1:1) and dimethylformamide. Limited physicochemical data were consistent with a compact, approximately spherically symmetric shape of the lignin in solution.
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 189-197 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A comparison has been made of the intrachain potential energy of an infinite straight α-helix of poly-L-alanine with that of the distorted form adopted in a coiled coil conformation. The energy terms included were the van der Waal's, electrostatic, hydrogen-bond, and the rotational potential terms. The results indicate that the potential energies of the structures investigated are almost the same, and so a transformation from one state to another may occur without significant changes in potential energy. Particular care has been taken to ensure that the electrostatic and van der Waal's interaction terms are fully convergent. The values obtained for the α-helix were compared with those already published, and some significant differences were found.
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  • 30
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ultraviolet optical rotatory dispersion curves of mucopolysaccharides exhibit particular Cotton effects in the spectral region of the n-π and π-π amide transitions. Two general patterns emerge: (1) enhancement of negative rotation and of the first negative Cotton effect (troughs 217-220 mμ) and (2) relative dominance of the positive Cotton effect in the π-π transition region (peak ∼198 mμ). Groups (1) and (2) can be correlated with a structural difference in the linkages of the amino sugars: (1) occurs with polymers containing 3-1-linked glycosamino sugars and (2) with glycosamino moieties linked 4-1 by either α- or β-glycosidie bonds. Measurements of the circular dichroic absorption bands support the qualitative conclusions from optical rotation. All mucopolysaccharides exhibit a first, negative band centered at 208-211 mμ, while only those in group (2) show, in addition, a positive band centered at 189-192 mμ. A suggested unifying model considers that difference in kind and/or degree of preferred geometry of the amide groups obtains from two forms of secondary order: (1) having a linear hydrogen bond from the N (acceptor) to the (C2)O - H of the preceding uronic acid and (2) having a linear hydrogen bond from the N (acceptor) to the (C2 or 3) O - H of the following sugar. The hydrogen bonds would have similar strength but opposite directions in two systems towards the nonreducing end (1) or towards the reducing end (2)], closing eight-membered rings
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 99-106 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The myosin molecule was extracted from the smooth muscle parts of horse esophagus and purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation. The schlieren pattern of the sedimentation velocity run showed a very sharp single peak of.5.9. S (s20,w). Molecular weight of the protein was measured by means of the Archibald and sedimentation equilibrium methods, both in 0.5M KCI buffered by 1/150 M phosphate at pH 7.5 and at 5°C. The values obtained were 6.25 × 105 and 5.81 × 105respectively, for the two methods. The second virial coefficients were 1.1 × 104 and 1.2 × 10-4 ml/g. Denatured smooth muscle myosin was prepared in a solution of 5M guanidine HC1 containing 0.4 M KC1 and 0.2 M β-mercaptoet hanol buffered at pH 8.0. The weight-average molecular weight of the denatured smooth muscle myosin was 2.24 × 105 and the second virial coefficient was 7.6 × 10-4 ml/g. The values described above are in good agreement with those reported for rabbit skeletal myosin with ammonium sulfate fractionation. The molecular dimension of the molecule is estimated as the value for an axial ratio of 100, assuming a rigid rod molecular model for this molecule, both the thermodynamical and hydrodynamical treatment being in a good agreement with this estimation.
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  • 32
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 33
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 433-434 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: No. Abstract
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  • 34
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The enthalpy change accompanying the double helix-coil transition of polyriboadenylic acid (poly A) in aqueous solution has been measured optically and calorimetrically in the pH range 5.7-4.5. The course of this cooperative transition was followed optically by measuring changes in ultraviolet absorption as a function of temperature at different pH values, and calorimetrically by determining the heat capacity of the solution through the transition region. From the latter measurements, the enthalpy of transition was calculated. It is shown, that ΔH is dependent on pH as it is expected from the influence of protonation of the double helix of poly A.
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  • 35
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 453-458 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The interaction between ionizable carboxyl groups and the conformation of poly-(glutamic acid) (PGA) in aqueous solution were investigated by the mechanical method. The dynamic rigidity of the PGA solution has a maximum value at the pH corresponding to about 50% neutralization point. This may be due to establishing of a maximum attractive force by proton/charge fluctuation between ionizable carboxyl groups at that pH. The dynamic viscosity has a sharp change in the region of pH 5.5-6.5. It is suggested that this behavior is due to the helix-coil transition.
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  • 36
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 447-452 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: By use of D2O we found that the shortening of the longitudinal proton relaxation time which occurs in the investigated aqueous yeast DNA solutions (≦ 2.4% with 2% protein) was not based on a hydration effect, but was caused by magnetic impurities only. An estimate shows that the mobility of the hydrated water molecules is reduced by less than two orders of magnitude in comparison with the free water molecules.
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  • 37
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 435-445 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A general approach to the determination of relative stability of any pair of con-formational states of biological macromolecules or their complexes (in particular, to the determination of relative stability of native and disordered states of the macromolecule) has been suggested. For determining the free energy difference of the two states under the conditions when one of them is considerably more advantageous than the other, it is necessary for the macromolecule to be influenced by the transforming agent which levels free energies of both the conformational states, and to determine the external parameter derivative of the free energy difference in the region of the conformational transition induced by the change in this parameter. If the character of the dependence of this derivative on the external parameter (temperature, solvent composition, etc.) is known, then this allows the determination of the free energy difference of the two states under the conditions considered, even including conditions far from the transition region. The value of the derivative of the free energy difference in the transition region in many cases can be measured directly (in particular, when using calorimetry), while in cases when a direct measurement of the derivative is impossible, it can often he estimated experimentally from the steepness of the conformational transition. The methods of this estimation and also a possible character of the change of the considered derivative during variation of the external parameter are considered for the case when the transforming agent is one of the components of the solvent and, consequently, the derivative of the free energy difference is equal to the difference of number of molecules of this component hound with the macromolecule in two conformational states.
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  • 38
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 459-474 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Wool-water systems, at water contents above a threshold value of 22.7 g of water per 100 g of wool keratin, yielded curves of specific heat against temperature showing peaks that are ascribed to the fusion of the absorbed water. Integral and incremental heats of fusion were obtained. Integral heats increase as the square of the water content above the threshold, and incremental heats follow a linear relationship. The incremental heat reaches a value of 55 cal/absorbed water, at the saturation water content, at 0°C of 33.9 g of water per 100 g of keratin. The state of the absorbed water is discussed. Clustering of water molecules takes place only above the threshold water content.
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  • 39
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    Biopolymers 8 (1969), S. 173-179 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The laser-excited Raman spectra have been obtained of poly-L-proline in the solid and aqueous solution. In the solid state, the Raman spectra are of the form II which is the left-handed helical form with the peptide bonds in the trans configuration. Dissolution of this form in water produced only minor changes in the Raman spectra. The differences in frequencies produced by dissolving the polymer are associated with vibrational modes of the pyrrolidine ring as indicated by comparison with the Raman spectrum of L-proline. The similarity of the Raman spectra dictates that, the conformations of poly-L-proline chain are similar in the solid and aqueous solution.
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  • 40
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    Biopolymers 8 (1969), S. 181-185 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A comparative study on sonicated calf thymus DNA was made by using electron microscopy and sedimentation methods. The length distribution, established by electron microscopy by using Kleinschmidt's technique, is related to the sedimentation curve obtained with the same solution. The relation permits a determination of the sedimentation constant corresponding to a given length up to 8000 Å and vice versa.
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  • 41
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    Biopolymers 8 (1969), S. 199-216 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The π-electron polarizability of conjugated base molecules such as uracil and adenine are calculated semiempirically by using molecular orbital theories. The Hüekel method and the self-consistent-field (SCF) theory are used in the present calculation. The theoretical values obtained by the Hüekel method are consistently larger than the experimental results. The values obtained by the SCF theory are in good agreement with observed values. It is clearly demonstrated that the SCF method is better than the Hükel method for the calculation of polarizability. The polarizability of the adenine-uracil pair is calculated as the sum of the polarizabilities of adenine and uracil and also calculated by solving the eigenvalue problem for the A-U pair as an entity. The second method gives considerably larger polarizability than the first method. Discussions are presented and it is demonstrated that the second method is the correct way to calculate the polarizability of the A-U pair.
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  • 42
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reversibility of the thermal denaturation of a low-sulfur fraction of solubilized wool keratin (SCMKA) has been studied under a variety of conditions of time, protein concentration, and pH. Two types of irreversibility for the transition have been encountered. One of these is associated with an aggregation of the protein on denaturation to give a product which may contain elements of a β conformation. This type of irreversibility is favored by high protein concentration, and the original conformation may in fact be regained if the aggregated structure is broken down by a solvent such as 8M urea and the urea subsequently removed by dialysis. The other type of irreversibility appears to be due to racemization of the protein. It does not seem to be dependent on protein concentration and is apparent only at temperatures beyond the actual transition range (∼40-65°C) at pH values below 11, At pH 12, however, racemization appears to proceed slowly even at 4°C. The thermal transition at pH 9 and pH 10 has been shown to be multistage in nature. Over the pH range 9-12 there is a progressive decrease in thermal stability with increase of pH. Addition of NaCl at pH 10 leads to an increase in thermal stability of the molecule.
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  • 43
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    Biopolymers 8 (1969), S. 217-235 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report studies of the optical properties of the proflavine-DNA complex, using absorbance and circular dichroism spectroscopy. From comparison of the absorption spectra of proflavine complexed with calf thymus and T2 DNA, we conclude that stacking of the dyes external to the double helix is comparatively much weaker with T2 DXA, probably because of its glucosylation. Several sources are found for the circular dichroism induced in proflavine when it is complexed with DNA. There is a relatively weak circular dichroism induced when the dye is infinitely dilute on the DNA lattice; this presumably arises from the environmental asymmetry of the binding site. Stronger circular dichroism effects are induced by interaction of intercalated and stacked dyes; studies with T2 DNA, for which stacking seems to be blocked, permit a tentative resolution of effects due to the two modes of binding. One recurring theme of these studies is the observation that the optical properties are quite dependent on environment. The most dramatic example is a strong variation with salt concentration of the amplitude of the circular dichroism induced in the isolated (intercalated) monomer by the surrounding DNA. This suggests that the structure of the intercalated complex is quite sensitive to external conditions.
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  • 44
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The binding of n-butanol, benzyl alcohol, and trifluoroethanol to polyproline I (all peptide bonds in cis configuration) and II (all peptide bonds in trans configuration) has been demonstrated. It was found by infrared spectroscopy that hydrogen bonds are formed between the CO groups of the polymer and the OH groups of the alcohols. Their strength increases from n-butanol via benzyl alcohol to trifluoroethanol. The binding of benzyl alcohol could also be followed by optical rotatory dispersion due to the fact that the electronic transitions of the benzyl ring are rendered optically active by the binding to the polymer.
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  • 45
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    Biopolymers 8 (1969), S. 259-274 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The statistical mechanics of the effect of a small number of randomly occurring defects on the melting of a polypeptide chain is developed by using a perturbation of Boltzmann factors technique. The method is illustrated by an example where a second-component impurity contributes more to the energy of the hydrogen-bonded superstructure of the polypeptide chain than does the dominant amino acid residue, resulting in the overall destabilization of the helical conformation.
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  • 46
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    Biopolymers 8 (1969), S. 275-287 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Biological membranes consist mainly of lipids and proteins. At present, the structure of the lipid phase appears to be established, but hypotheses on the molecular organization of the protein are difficult to support. Thus the deformation behavior of whole human erythrocyte ghosts, ghosts after the selective removal of lipids and ghosts stripped of lipids as well as nonlipid components have been examined in the hope of securing indirect information on the organization of the protein. It has been found that large localized deformations result in partial membrane failure and long uniformly wide fibrils, frequently in excess of 3000 Å, are drawn across the rupture. These data are interpreted in terms of currently favored membrane models and the possibility of a fibrous membrane framework consisting predominantly of protein is reviewed. The behavior of the membrane in its various stages of extraction is compared and contrasted to that of synthetic polymer films of known organization.
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  • 47
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    Biopolymers 8 (1969), S. 247-257 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The thermally induced conformational changes of poly-N5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-L-glutamine in water and in methanol-water (3:7 v/v) have been analyzed in terms of the Lifson-Roig theory. The transitions in both solvents can be described by using v = 0.017. The thermodynamic parameters for the random coil-to-helix transition of one amino acid residue at room temperature were found to be: in water, ΔH = - 130 cal/mole and ΔS = - 0.45 e.u.; in methanol-water (3:7 v/v), ΔH = - 170 cal mole and ΔS = - 0.45 e.u. The size distribution of helical segments is broad, and the results of numerical calculations are presented for three degrees of polymerization (DP = 100, 300, and 750).
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  • 48
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    Biopolymers 8 (1969), S. 289-292 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 49
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    Biopolymers 8 (1969), S. 293-295 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 50
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    Biopolymers 8 (1969), S. 297-299 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 51
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    Biopolymers 8 (1969), S. 303-304 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 52
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    Biopolymers 8 (1969), S. 301-301 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 53
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    Biopolymers 8 (1969), S. 304-304 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 54
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    Biopolymers 8 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 55
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 595-610 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The cyclic dipeptide, L-alanylglycyl anhydride, has been studied by optical rotatory dispersion; both L-alanylglycyl anhydride and the lactam, L-3-aminopyrrolidin-2-one, have been studied by circular dichroism. In hydroxylic solvents the circular dichroism spectra of 3-aminopyrrolidin-2-one can be attributed to an n-π* transition near 220 mμ and a π-π* transition near 190 mμ. In these solvents the optical activity of L-alanylglycyl anhydride can be explained as being due to contributions of n-π* transitions and a split π-π* transition. In acetonitrile, however, the circular dichroism spectrum of 3-aminopyrrolidin-2-one shows an additional apparent minimum near 200 mμ. The CD spectrum of the dipeptide is also quite distinctive in this solvent. The possible nature of the band at 200 mμ and the implications of these findings are discussed.
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  • 56
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 619-623 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 57
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 58
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 59
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 627-648 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The flow birefringence, extinction angles, and intrinsic viscosity have been determined at low velocity gradients for a complex of T2 bacteriophage DNA and methylated serum albumin prepared in dilute solution to a stoichiometry of approximately 90 proteins per DNA molecule. Comparative data upon equivalent solutions of pure uncomplexed T2 DNA are also presented, and these data are completely in accord with the results of previous study. The experimental data are interpreted in terms of current dynamical theory and indicate that the complex has an essentially linear chain structure, consisting of approximately two DNA molecules, which is hydrodynamically indistinguishable from the pure DNA and that extensive internal or intramolecular binding in the complex does not occur. Although interpretation of the results is hampered by an apparent moderate degree of polydispersity in the complex preparations and by relatively large shear extrapolations, the data for both DNA and the complex are substantially in accord with dynamical theory for a nondraining bead subchain model having high kinetic segmental rigidity.
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  • 60
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 649-658 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Far-infrared spectra in the region from 700 to 60 cm-1 have been measured for the α-helix structures of poly(L-α-amino-n-butyric acid), poly-L-norvaline, poly-L-norleucine, and poly-L-leucine and for the β-form structures of poly(L-α-amino-n-butyric acid), poly-L-valine, poly(DL-amino-n-butyric acid), poly-DL-norvaline, and poly-DL-norleucine. The changes of the spectra on N-deuteration have been measured in the region between 700 and 400 cm-1. It is concluded that, the α-helix has characteristic bauds near 690, 650, 610, 380, 150, and 100 cm-1, and that the β-form has characteristic bands near 700, 240, and 120 cm-1. The main-chain vibrations in the region from 600 to 200 cm-1 are strongly coupled with the side-chain deformation vibrations.
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  • 61
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 681-693 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Single-strand breaks (ssb) in opposite strands of DNA can be sufficiently near that a double-strand break (dsb) results. A theory is presented by which the maximum number h of base pairs which cannot prevent double-strand breakage can be determined from the rates of production of ssb and dsb. The assumptions required to derive the necessary equations as well as the range of validity of the equations are discussed in detail. In the experiments ssb and dsb were produced by x-irradiation in buffers which do not eliminate indirect effects and were measured by analytical ultracentrifugation. Values of h have been determined in low and high ionic strength and in low ionic strength over a range of temperatures. The values, 2.64 and 15.8, were obtained for high and low ionic strength, respectively.
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  • 62
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 695-705 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The nature of a specific association between acriflavine and cellular DNA was investigated by subjecting the DNA of intact cells to denaturation, ultraviolet radiation, and base analog substitution. The predictable modifications of DNA structure were then correlated with the quantitative alterations in dye adsorption by the cells. It was concluded that, under experimental conditions of limited dye availability, the bonding of dye was restricted to sites of highest bonding affinity. These were shown to be situated between adjacent thymine molecules on a single strand of DNA. The 5-methyl groups of thymine may endow the bond with its specificity.
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  • 63
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 659-670 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The theory of polyelectrolyte solution of Alexandrowicz: and Katchalsky is used to calculate the electrostatic potential of single stranded polynucleotides for different ionic strength. We have considered the potential of double stranded DNA as the superposition of the different potentials produced by each chain, provided the average distance between the strands is higher than an ionic strength-dependent parameter b. For ionic strength lower than 5 × 10-2M, the assumption is no longer valid, and a cylindrical model with a uniform charge density must be used. The continuity between the two models was tested, and thus we can calculate the electrical potential at the vicinity of a phosphate group in the whole range of ionic-strength where the double helix is stable. It was therefore possible to determine the theoretical number of ions bound electrostatically to DNA and we found an increase of ion binding with a decrease of ionic strength. Such a model was further applied to the change of specific volume in different salt solutions. Comparison is made with recent pycnometric data on Na- and Cs- salts of DNA. Agreement is good in the case of Cs+, but for Na+, cation binding is likely to be accompanied by a change of the hydration of DNA, which depends on ionic strength. With the same model we can see easily the ion-trapping properties of DNA which play an important role in any formation of complex between heavy ions and bases.
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  • 64
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    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 671-680 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Preferential adsorption of cations occurs in the solvated shell surrounding polyanions, especially polynucleotides and nucleic acids. The solvation parameter Γ is determined from sedimentation coefficients which are considered as pienometric determinations of the specific volume of the sample. By comparing two identical concentrations (0.1M) of monovalent salts, NaCl and CsCl, and using the model of DNA described in the preceding paper, one can relate the ratio SCs/SNa to solvation parameters ΓCs, and ΓNa.On the other hand, Γ can be related to the difference of energy W, between cation and water, to be extracted from the solution and placed in the vicinity of the polyanion. One finds generally a preferential solvation of the polarizable caesium ion by means of London-van der Waals interactions with bases. With reasonable assumptions, an estimate of W can be made, and the predicted value of Γ can be compared to the experimental one. An average of six sites is found around each base in a single-stranded polymer, but-only one in the double-stranded structure. The amount of secondary structure can thus be estimated from the simple measurement of the ratio of two sediment constants.
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  • 65
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 3 (1969), S. 163-170 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 66
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 319-341 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Reaktivität des 3-Äthoxy-1.2-diphenyl-cyclopropenylium-Kations (1) gegenüber C-Anionen des Malodinitrils, Cyanessigesters, Benzylcyanids etc. wird systematisch untersucht. Das Nucleophil kann sowohl am C-3 als auch am C-1 von 1 angreifen; diese Konkurrenz ist von Solvens und Substituenteneffekten determiniert. Die entstehenden Produkte - Δ1-resp. Δ2-Cyclopropen-3-äthyläther 9 bzw. 10, Methylencyclopropen-Derivate (16) oder ringoffene 1 : 1-Addukte (20) - werden in ihrer Struktur aufgeklärt und ihr Bildungsmechanismus diskutiert.
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  • 67
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 374-375 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 68
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 69
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 23-30 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die protonenkatalysierte Umsetzung von Arylcyanaten mit Dimethylsulfoxid liefert im ersten Reaktionsschritt Carbamidsäureester, die bei längerer Reaktionsdauer oder erhöhter Temperatur durch intermediär gebildeten Formaldehyd zu N.N′-Methylen-bis-[carbamidsäurearylestern] (5) kondensieren. Der Mechanismus des Primärschritts wird als ein der Pummerer-Reaktion analoger Zerfall eines aktivierten Komplexes aus Arylcyanat, Dimethylsulfoxid und Proton erkannt.
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  • 70
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 38-49 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Phosphine können bei der Reaktion mit Aziden in α- oder γ-Position der Stickstoffkette angreifen. Für das in Substanz faßbare Staudinger-Addukt von Triphenylphosphin an Tosylazid belegen Infrarotspektren 15N-isotopenmarkierter Derivate eine unverzweigte R3P=Nγ—Nβ=Nα—X-Struktur. Bei der thermischen Zersetzung in Benzol zu N-Tosyl-P-triphenyl-phosphazen (4) wird nach massenspektroskopischen Untersuchungen ausschließlich γ.β-N2 abgespalten.
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  • 71
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 77-82 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Umsetzungen von Cl3-nFnCSCl (n = 1,2,3) mit F3CCO2Ag liefern in guten Ausbeuten Verbindungen vom Typ , die bei 20° unbegrenzt haltbar sind. Erhitzt man (1) im Bombenrohr auf 170°, so bilden sich Kohlendioxid und F3CSCF3, während beim Bestrahlen mit UV-Licht Perfluoracetanhydrid, F3CSSCF3 und F3CSO2SCF3 entstehen. Bestrahlt man mit (2) UV-Licht, so bilden sich CO2 und Cl2FCSCF3. Aus Thionylchlorid und Cl3-nFnCCO2Ag (n = 2,3) konnten nur die entsprechenden Anhydride und SO2 isoliert werden. Analog liefert Silberperfluorbutyrat mit F3CSCl die Zersetzungsprodukte F3CSSCF3, F3CSO2SCF3 und (C3F7CO)2O.
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  • 72
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 104-111 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bis-[β-chlor-β-alkoxy-äthyl]-sulfoxide 5 entstehen unter milden Bedingungen bei der Umsetzung von Thionylchlorid mit Vinyläthern im Molverhältnis 1:3. Bei der Reaktion C-substituierter Vinyläther mit Thionylchlorid sind nur 1 : 1-Additionsverbindungen isolierbar. - 5a bildet mit prim. und sek. Aminen Bis-[β-amino-vinyl]-sulfoxide 7, mit Triäthylamin das Eliminierungsprodukt 9 und durch intramolekulare Redox-Reaktion 10.
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  • 73
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 118-125 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch Darstellung der zum trans-Pinansystem gehörenden Pinandiole-(2.3) (1 und 2) wird der konfigurative Zusammenhang der vier diastereomeren Pinandiole-(2.3) klar ersichtlich.
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  • 74
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 167-179 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Derivate des Hexahydro-1.2.4.5.3.6-tetrazadiborins (1a) entstehen bei der Einwirkung von Organylhydrazinen auf Diaminoborane oder Phenylbordichlorid. Physikalische Untersuchungen legen eine aplanare Ringstruktur mit Bevorzugung der Wannenform nahe.Die Hydrazinolyse von HB[N(CH3)2]2 mit CH3HN—NHCH3 und CH3HN—NH2 ergibt Dimere dieses Ringsystems. Es sind Methylderivate der pentacyclischen Käfigverbindung 20. Das aus Hydrazin und Bis(dimethylamino)-boran zugängliche polymere (HB-NH-NH)n zersetzt sich oberhalb von 110° unter N2-Abspaltung zu (H2B-NH-NH-BH2)n.
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  • 75
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 196-204 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Das Dinucleotid 9 wurde aus dem Nucleotid 8 und einem Guanidinium-Salz des Adenosin-5′-phosphorsäure-amids zusammengesetzt. 8 erhielt man aus dem Silbersalz des 3-Carbamoyl-pyridons-(6) (1) und 2.3.5-Tri-O-benzoyl-D-ribofuranosylchlorid über die O-Verbindung (2), die zum N-Ribosid (3) umgelagert und nach Entbenzoylierung und Acetonierung in 2′.3′-Stellung des Ribosids 4a mit Cyanäthylphosphat und Dicyclohexylcarbodiimid in 5′-Stellung zum Nucleotid 8 phosphoryliert wurde. Die β-Verknüpfung in 4a (und damit in 9) wurde u. a. durch Korrelation mit dem analogen Glucosid 4b so gut wie sichergestellt.
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  • 76
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 243-254 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 6-Dimethylamino-fulven (1) wird von CH3OD im Sinne einer elektrophilen Substitution in 2- und 5-Stellung deuteriert; unter der Annahme einer Reaktion 1. Ordnung ergab sich in CH3OD/CDCl3 (3 : 1) bei 60° eine Halbwertszeit von 3.7 Stdn. H-3 und H-4 werden langsamer gegen Deuterium ausgetauscht, ebenso das Proton in der 4-Position von 6-Dimethylamino-2.3-benzo-fulven (15). Die π- und J-Werte von 1, 10, 15, 17 und 18 wurden ermittelt; die vicinalen Kopplungskonstanten der Fulvenprotonen erlauben Aussagen über die Beteiligung polarer Grenzstrukturen am Grundzustand.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 77
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 289-296 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tetrakis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)-methan, C[CH2P(C6H5)2]4, sowie Tetrakis(diphenylarsinomethyl)-methan, C[CH2As(C6H5)2]4, reagieren mit Halogenen zu Verbindungen des allgemeinen Typs C[CH2E(X)2(C6H5)2]4 (E = P, As; X = Cl, Br, J), in denen sämtliches Halogen im Festzustand und in Dichlormethan-Lösung kovalent gebunden ist. In stärker polaren Lösungsmitteln wie Dimethylformamid oder Acetonitril verhalten sich die Chlorderivate wie 1:2-, die Bromderivate wie 1 : 3- und die Jodverbindungen wie 1 : 4-Elektrolyte. Die aus sterischen Gründen mögliche Bildung von chlorverbrückten spirocyclischem, bromverbrückten bicyclischen und jodbrückenfreien Phosphonium- und Arsoniumkationen wird diskutiert.
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  • 78
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 342-350 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: N-Phenyl-pyrrolidon (1b) wird durch UV-Licht in N-Phenyl-pyrrol (9) übergeführt. N-Phenyllactame mit mindestens 7 Ringgliedern (1d-f) lassen sich photochemisch in guten Ausbeuten in die Benz-aza-cycloalkenone 4d-f umlagern. Die Struktur der Photolyseprodukte wird spektroskopisch, durch Derivate und durch Abbau zu Anthranilsäure gesichert.
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  • 79
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 378-379 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 80
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 380-381 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 81
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 383-387 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Synthese von α-Pyridyl-glyoxal (2) (in Lösung) und einige Eigenschaften werden beschrieben.
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  • 82
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Solvolyse der Titelverbindungen ergibt ausschließlich Fragmentierung zu den entsprechenden Cycloalkenen, wenn Tosylat- und Aldehyd-Gruppe eine anti-periplanare Konformation einnehmen können. Ist dies ausgeschlossen, treten neben der Fragmentierung Ausweichreaktionen unter Wagner-Meerwein-Umlagerung ein.
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  • 83
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 435-442 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aus dem in flüssigem Ammoniak schwach sauren o-C6H4(C≡CH)2 (Ks1 ⋍ 7·10-6) werden durch die Neutralisationsreaktion (1) sowie die Verdrängungsreaktionen (2), (3) die Alkalisalze o-C6H4(C≡CM)2 (M=Li bis Cs) rein dargestellt und ihre IR-Spektren diskutiert. Durch konduktometrische Titration in flüssigem Ammoniak wird die intermediäre Bildung der Monoalkalisalze bei der Neutralisationsreaktion (1) nachgewiesen.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 84
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 459-468 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2-Amino-2-desoxy-D-glucit reagiert mit Aceton zur Diisopropylidenverbindung 9, die mit Chlorameisensäure-äthylester das cyclische Carbamat 11 liefert. Durch partielle Hydrolyse ist die 5.6-O-Isopropylidengruppe abspaltbar zu 12, welches durch Perjodatspaltung in die Pentose 13 übergeführt werden kann. Bei saurer Hydrolyse von 13 erfolgt spontan Ringschluß zur 4-Amino-4-N.5-O-carbonyl-4-desoxy-L-xylofuranose (17), einem Zucker vom Pyrrolidin-Typ. 17 und seine Derivate 15 und 16 zeigen eine Abweichung von der Hudsonschen Isorotationsregel.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 522-527 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bei der Umsetzung von α-Cyanzimtsäurederivaten (1a, 1b, 1c) mit Cysteamin (2) bzw. dem Thiazolinylessigester 3 entsteht das Oxo-tetrahydro-thiazolo[3.2-a]pyridin 8, das leicht zum Oxo-dihydro-thiazolo[3.2-a]pyridin 7 dehydriert wird.
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  • 86
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 556-563 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aus Bis-trialkylphosphoranylidenamino-dialkyl-silanen (1 und 3) und doppelt-molaren Mengen Aluminium- oder Galliumtrialkylen werden ionisch aufgebaute Produkte (2, 4, 5, 8) gebildet, deren Kationen neuartige viergliedrige Ringsysteme enthalten. Diese kleinen Ringe vom Typ D sind Isostere der schon länger bekannten Verbindungsklassen A, B und C. Wie aus Konkurrenzexperimenten hervorgeht, werden Aluminiumatome den Galliumatomen als Ringglieder vorgezogen. Mit Indiumalkylen entstehen aus 1 nicht-ionische 2:1-Komplexe (9, 11), in denen jedes Stickstoffatom des zweizähligen Donators mit je einem Metallalkyl in Wechselwirkung tritt. Eigenschaften und NMR-Spektren der neuen Verbindungen werden angegeben und diskutiert.
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  • 87
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 568-574 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Unter sehr milden Bedingungen gelingt die Darstellung von Benzimidazolium- und Benzthiazoliumsalzen aus Carbonsäuren und o-substituierten N-Methyl-anilinen. Mit Ferrocencarbonsäure wurde ein Vertreter der bisher unbekannten Metall-π-Komplexe der Heteroanaloga des Sesquifulvalens erhalten.
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  • 88
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Freie 4-Amino-4.5-didesoxy-L-xylose und 4-Amino-4-desoxy-L-xylose wurden durch alkalische Spaltung aus ihren Derivaten 7 und 6 dargestellt und in ihren Reaktionen untersucht. Beide Verbindungen weisen in Lösung ein Gleichgewicht zwischen Pyrrolidin-Formen 11, 12, Δ1-Pyrrolin-Formen 13, 14 und den Dimeren 9, 10 auf, in dem die Dimeren 9, 10 weit überwiegen. Die Struktur der erhaltenen Dimeren 9, 10 folgt aus den NMR-Spektren von 9 und seiner Derivate und aus der Spaltung des N-Acetats 20 in 12 und 15. Die Dimeren werden durch Hydrierung, mit Schwefeldioxid und mit Blausäure glatt in monomere Derivate zerlegt. Sie sind gegenüber Salzsäurebehandlung überraschend stabil und bilden keine Pyrrolderivate.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 528-547 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Das spirocyclische Phosphoniumsalz 1 reagiert mit Lithiumalanat oder Natriumboranat zu Bis-2.2′-biphenylylen-phosphoran (2), das ungewöhnliche Spektraldaten aufweist. 2 kann seinen Wasserstoff als Proton, als Hydrid-Ion und überraschenderweise auch spontan als Atom abgeben! Das Bis-2.2′-biphenylylen-phosphoranyl-Radikal (3) liefert ein ESR-Dublett mit aP = 17.9 Gauß und dimerisiert u. a. zu einem Produkt 5 mit tri- und pentakoordiniertem Phosphor. Das durch Protonenabstraktion aus 2 erhältliche Phosphoranyl-Anion 4 steht im Gleichgewicht mit einem Phosphin-Carbanion 13, das auch unabhängig darstellbar ist.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 785-791 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Das von Hattori und Mitarbb. erstmals aus den Blüten von Poncirus trifoliata isolierte und von Horowitz als Isosakuranetin-7-neohesperidosid aufgeklärte Poncirin 1a) wurde a) durch Kondensation von Phloracetophenon-4-neohesperidosid (2b) mit Anisaldehyd und Cyclisierung des primär erhaltenen Chalkonglykosides (3), b) durch Direktkupplung von Isosakuranetin (1) mit α-Acetobromneohesperidose nach Koenigs-Knorr und c) durch partielle Methylierung von Naringin (1c) synthetisiert. Die auf verschiedenen Wegen erhaltenen Glykoside stimmten untereinander und mit dem natürlichen Poncirin überein. Damit ist die Struktur 5.7-Dihydroxy-4′-methoxy-flavanon-7-β-[2-O-α-L-rhamnopyra nosyl-D-glucopyranosid] (1a) für das Poncirin bewiesen.
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  • 91
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 815-819 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Konstitution von 2exo-Methyl-norbornanol-(5exo) und -(6exo) (11 und 6) wird durch eine eindeutige Vergleichssynthese des 2exo-Methyl-norbornanols-(5exo) (11) bewiesen. 2exo-Methyl-norbornanol-(6exo) (6) wird in geringer Menge bei der Umlagerung von tertiärem 2endo-Methyl-norbornanol-(2exo) (9) mit Ameisensäure erhalten.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 2835-2850 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Im Sinne einer Diels-Alder-Reaktion mit inversem Elektronenbedarf geben Cumalinsäureester (1) mit Ketenacetalen 1:1-Addukte der Struktur 3. Ihre Thermolyse führt führt zu 4-Alkoxy-benzoesäureestern, die Solvolyse zu 4-Alkoxy-isophthalsäuren bzw. -estern. 1 nimmt 2 Mol Äthylvinyläther (als elektronenreiches Dienophil) unter CO2-Abspaltung auf. Mit 1.1-Bis-[p-dimethylamino-phenyl]-äthen (13) und 1 unterbleibt die Dien-Synthese; es erfolgt vermutlich Anlagerung an die 5.6-Doppelbindung des Pyronringes zu 15.Aus Ketendiäthylacetal und Isodehydracetsäure-äthylester bzw. seinem 3-Nitroderivat entstehen unmittelbar die Benzoesäure-äthylester 10a bzw. 10b. Auch Ketenaminale, Keten-O.N-acetal oder das Inamin 16 reagieren mit Cumalinsäureestern entsprechend zu 12a, 12b und 17.Als 1.3-Dipolarophil addiert das Addukt 3c Diazomethan bzw. Phenylazid zu tricyclischen Reaktionsprodukten der vermutlichen Struktur 18 bzw. 20, deren Pyrolyse untersucht wird.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 93
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 1347-1356 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Urorosein entsteht durch Polykondensation von Indolyl-(3)-glykolsäure und anschließende Oxydation, wobei sich der α.β′-Diindolylmethen-Chromophor bildet. α.β′-Diindolylmethen (1-5) werden durch Reaktion von α-freien und β-freien Indolen mit Glyoxylsäure, α.β′-Diindolymethene (10-12) aus α-Formyl-indolen mit β-freien Indolen gewonnen. Oxo-β.β′- (13-16) und Oxo-α.β′-diindolylmethene (17-20) entstehen aus β-bzw. α-Formyl-indolen mit Oxindolen.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 94
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 1357-1362 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch Einwirkung von Vilsmeier-Reagenz auf Phthalimidine im Verhältnis 2 : 1 bilden sich Halogen-formyl-isoindole 3. Als Zwischenprodukte kann man Isoindolenine 2 bzw. deren Salze 1 isolieren. Bei Reaktion im Verhältnis 1 : 1 entsteht Verbindung 4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 95
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 2881-2888 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bisher schwer zugängliche Äther verschiedener natürlich vorkommender Polyhydroxystilbene werden mit 60-95% Ausbeute durch Wittig-Reaktion erhalten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 96
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 2889-2899 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Alkoxy-diazenium-Salze 1 bzw. 2 reagieren nach Gl. (1) mit Carboxylaten zu Aryl- oder Alkyl-acyl-diazenen 4. Die Reaktion besitzt große Variationsbreite und erlaubt die Vereinfachung der Peptidsynthese über phenyldiazen-aktivierte Carboxylgruppen. Aus 1 und Cyanat-Ionen entstehen 3-Hydroxy-1.2.4-triazole (24a-c). Die Existenz des als Zwischenstufe postulierten 1.3-Dipols 9 wird durch Abfangen mit Acetylen-dicarbonester zu Pyrazolen 27a, b wahrscheinlich gemacht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 97
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 2922-2929 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 14 weiter neue p-fluor-phenylsubstituierte Organophosphorverbindungen wurden dargestellt und aus ihren 19F-NMR-Spektren die Hammettschen σp-Werte bestimmt. Von dem nun insgesamt vorliegenden Material wurden die Parameter und σRm berechnet und diskutiert, um damit die phosphorhaltigen Substituenten hinsichtlich ihres induktiven und mesomeren Verhaltens quantitativ festlegen zu können.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 98
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 1418-1421 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Synthese der Titelverbindung (2) sowie ihre Umsetzung mit o-Phenylendiamin und Amidrazonen zu den Heterocyclen 4-6 wird beschrieben. Unter den Bedingungen der Benzilsäureumlagerung und beim Versuch der alkalisch katalysierten Kondensation mit Dibenzylketon entstehen unerwartete Produkte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 99
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 1410-1417 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2.3-Bis-alkylimino-oxetane (3) reagieren mit Verbindungen HX zu den offenkettigen Amiden 6, während sie in Gegenwart von Lewis-Säuren zu den ungesättigten Amiden 5 isomerisiert werden können. Die Abhängigkeit beider Möglichkeiten von der Struktur des Oxetans und den Reaktionsbedingungen wird herausgestellt. Von Aldehyden abgeleitete Oxetane (3, R1=H) reagieren mit Carbonsäuren unter Acylwanderung zu den Enolamiden 21. Weitere Reaktionen von Carbonylverbindungen mit Isonitrilen werden in einer Übersicht zusammengefaßt.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 100
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 102 (1969), S. 1422-1430 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2-Brom-1-phenyl-cyclobutendion reagiert mit o-Phenylendiaminen zu 1-Phenyl-2.8-dihydrocyclobuta[b]chinoxalinonen-(2) 1. Der Strukturbeweis wird mittels spektroskopischer Methoden und durch alkalischen Abbau geführt. Bei Verwendung unsymmetrischer o-Diamine wird die differenzierte Basizität der Aminogruppen als ausschlaggebend für die Stellung der Substituenten erkannt. Das Auftreten von Nebenprodukten 2 beim Einsetzen von symmetrischen o-Diaminen gibt Aufschluß über den Reaktionsmechanismus.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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