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  • 1970-1974  (13,335)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (10,782)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (2,128)
  • Electron microscopy  (425)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early structural changes in a case of late infantile amaurotic idiocy (early form of Batten-Spielmeyer-Vogt disease) (1974)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 207 (1974), S. 271-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Amaurotic Idiocy ; Late infantile Neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis ; Mental retardation ; Electron microscopy ; Inclusion bodies ; Membrane bound neuronal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden die lichtmikroskopischen, histochemischen und elektronenmikroskopischen Befunde in der Gehirnbiopsie eines Frühfalles von später infantiler Form der amaurotischen Idiotie (oder einer frühen Form der Batten-Spielmeyer-Vogt-Krankheit) beschrieben. An die Membranen gebundene cytoplasmatische Einschlußkörperchen sind in einigen wenigen Neuronen vorhanden. Die morphologischen Befunde werden mit Bezug auf die Ätiologie der Erkrankung diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The light microscopic, histochemical and electron microscopic findings in a brain biopsy of an early case of Late Infantile Amaurotic Idioty (early form of Batten-Spielmeyer-Vogt disease) are reported. Membrane bound cytoplasmic inclusion bodies are present in a small number of neurons. The morphological findings are discussed in relation to the etiology of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00312581
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on dentinogenesis in the rat (1974)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 16 (1974), S. 93-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Dentinogenesis ; Globules ; Pyrophosphatase ; Calcification ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Three-day-old rats were fixed by perfusion with glutaraldehyde and thin slices were cut of the first molar germs. The slices were treated with EDTA and “activated” with buffered solutions containing Mg2+, Ca2+ or Zn2+. Incubation was carried out in buffered solutions (pH 8.5) containing inorganic pyrophosphate and Pb2+. In the Mg2+-activated specimens incubation products were localized to the plasma membranes in the stratum intermedium and the subodontoblastic area. Lead deposits were found on the periphery of the dentinal globules. Incubation products were more randomly distributed in Ca2+-activated specimens whereas those activated with Zn2+ displayed a deposition of lead precipitates mainly corresponding to that seen after activation with Mg2+. The findings are discussed in reference to the localization of alkaline phosphatase in the dentin-producing tissues and it is proposed that the results are indicative of the presence of an inorganic pyrophosphatase in these tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02008216
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acid phosphatase in the mantle of the shell-regenerating snailHelisoma duryi duryi (1974)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 15 (1974), S. 213-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Acid phosphatase ; Electron microscopy ; Shell Regeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Acid phosphatase activity was mainly localized in the lysosomes in all the regions of the outer epithelium. The transitional portion of the outer epithelium showed more intense activity than the other regions. During shell regeneration the activity of this portion decreased to a minimum level at 12 hours and was restored to normal at 72 hours. The other regions showed no change of activity during shell regeneration. It is postulated that the acid phosphatase in the transitional protion is responsible for conferring calcifiability to the organic matrix of the shell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02059058
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fine structure of the pulmonary stretch receptor in the rat (1974)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 143 (1974), S. 215-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Lung ; Stretch receptors ; Light microscopy ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Lappenbronchien (3./6.) (Durchmesser bei mittlerer Inspirationslage 500–700 μ) von männlichen und weiblichen Wistarratten wurden licht- und elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Diese Bronchien entsprechen im Wandbau den mittleren Bronchioli größerer Säugetiere. Freie, verzweigte lanzettförmige Terminalfasern werden im Bindegewebe der lamina propria beschrieben. Sie sind in das elastisch muskuläre System der Bronchuswand eingebaut. Die zugehörige markhaltige afferente Nervenfaser ist verzweigt und hat einen Durchmesser von 4–6 μ. Außerdem werden efferente motorische Endigungen an der glatten Bronchialmuskulatur beschrieben. Die freien lanzettförmigen und verzweigten Terminalfasern sind möglicherweise Dehnungsrezeptoren für den Hering Breuer Reflex.
    Notes: Summary In rats the 3rd to 6th bronchi, measuring 500–700 μ in diameter during inspiration, were investigated by light and electron microscopy. The histological appearance of these bronchi is comparable to that of medium sized bronchioles of larger animals. The branched and lanceolate terminals are associated with the connective tissue of the lamina propria and the smooth muscle cell layer. In this way the terminals are bound to the myoelastic system of the bronchial wall. The myelinated afferent fiber is branched and the diameter measures about 4–6 microns. Besides afferent nerve terminals these are numerous efferent endings on the smooth muscle basement laminae. It is supposed that the described receptor represents the pulmonary stretch receptor of the Hering Breuer reflex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00525771
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphodynamik der C-Zellen der Schilddrüse und der Parathyreoideazellen der Ratte nach ein- bis achtwöchiger Calcitoninbehandlung (1974)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 144 (1974), S. 19-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Calcitonin ; C-Cells of the thyroid and cells of the parathyroid glands ; Secondary hyperparathyroidism ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Verlauf ein- bis achtwöchiger Behandlung von Wistar-Ratten mit täglich 300 mMRC Einheiten Schweinecalcitonin kam es in den C-Zellen der Schilddrüse, verglichen mit denen der Kontrollserien (unbehandelte und mit Acetatpuffer allein behandelte Tiere), einerseits zu einer morphometrisch signifikanten Abahme der Zahl der Sekretgranula, während andererseits sämtliche Zellorganellen (Mitochondrie,, Golgi-Apparat und auch das granuläre endoplasmatische Reticulum) besser entwickelt waren. In den in gleichen Zeitabschnitten untersuchten Parathyroideazellen fanden wir bei mit Calcitonin behandelten Ratten Strukturveränderungen, die auf eine erhöhte Aktivität hinwiesen: Einfaltungen des Kerns, Erweiterung der Intercellularräume mit Vermehrung und Verlängerung der in diese hineinragenden Mikrovilli, bessere Ausbildung des Golgi-Apparates und des granulären endoplasmatischen Reticulums sowie eine größere Menge freier Ribosomen. Die Zahl der Sekretgranula war eindeutig höher als bei den Kontrolltieren. Der Ca ++- und Mg++-Blutspiegel zeigte während der ganzen Versuchsdauer bei allen Tieren keine statistisch faßbaren Änderungen. Die Autoren vertreten die Hypothese, daß die Aktivierung der C-Zellen durch das Auftreten eines durch die Calcitoninverabreichung hervorgerufenen sekundären Hyperparathyroidismus zustande kommt.
    Notes: Summary Male Wistar rats were injected for one to eight weeks with 300 mMRC units per day of porcine calcitonin. During this period C-cells (or “parafollicular” cells) of the thyroid gland and cells of the parathyroid glands were examined ultrastructurally. The C-cells were further studied morphometrically in animals treated with calcitonin dissolved in acetate buffer as well as in acetate buffer- and not-treated control animals. In the thyroid C cells the number of secretion granules significantly decreased following calcitonin administration, whereas the volume of all cell organelles (mitochondria, Golgi complex and granular endoplasmic reticulum) augmented. The cells of the parathyroid glands of the calcitonin-treated rats showed structural changes due to higher activity: invaginations of the nuclear envelope, enlargement of the intercellular spaces with increase in number and size of the microvilli, better development of the Golgi complex and the granular endoplasmic reticulum, larger population of free ribosomes and secretory granules. However, no significant differences in the blood calcium and magnesium levels were detected when a comparison was made of calcitonin-treated and control animals. All these observations support the hypothesis that the activation of the C-cells may result from a secondary hyperparathyroidism itself induced by the administration of moderate doses of calcitonin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00518631
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebellar projections to the nuclei ventralis lateralis and ventralis anterior thalami (1974)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 146 (1974), S. 95-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Thalamus ; Electron microscopy ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An experimental electron microscopical study has been made on the mode of termination of the cerebellothalamic projections in the cat. Supporting experimental light microscopical studies of silver impregnated sections following a large lesion of the cerebellar nuclei and light microscopical autoradiographic studies of the thalamus following injections of tritiated leucine in parts of the cerebellar nuclei, have been made as well. Following large lesions of the cerebellar nuclei, only the largest occuring type of bouton in the cat's VL and VA (type LR bouton) degenerates. Following such lesions, type LR boutons undergo a filamentous hypertrophy before becoming electrondense. One degenerating LR bouton establishes complex synapses with the dendrites of both thalamocortical relay cells and interneurons. Not all type LR boutons in VL and VA degenerate following lesions of the cerebellar nuclei. Light microscopical autoradiographic studies as well as experimental electron microscopical investigations indicate that cerebellothalamic fibers end in clusters within VL and VA, and that the areas of termination lie more rostrally within these thalamic nuclei than has been inferred from experimental studies of silver impregnated sections following lesions of the cerebellar nuclei. The findings are discussed with respect to relevant morphological and physiological data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00341384
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Feinstruktur des Maulwurfovars (Talpa europaea, L.) (1974)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 144 (1974), S. 1-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Mammals ; Mole ; Ovary ; Interstitial cells ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Ovar des Maulwurfs wurde licht- und elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Der Feinbau der verschiedenen Follikel und der Keimzellen entspricht dem anderer Species. Die Granulosa wird vermutlich erst mit der Ovulation luteinisiert. Sie enthält reichlich rauhes endoplasmatisches Reticulum und Sprossen von glattem endoplasmatischem Reticulum. Die Zellen der Theka interna leiten sich von Fibrocyten ab und enthalten neben reichlich glattem ER auch granuläres ER sowie Lipidtropfen und Mitochondrien mit Cristae und Tubuli. Diese Zellen ähneln in ihrer Feinstruktur stark den Zwischenzellen des ovarialen Marks. Dieses enthält in der Marksträngen Epithelien, die einer kräftigen Basalmembran aufsitzen. Sie werden teils als embryonal persistierende Vorstufen von Granulosa- oder Sertoli-Zellen, teils als Granulosasprossen aus der Rinde gedeutet. Für die Zwischenzellen des Marks erscheint eine Analogie mit den Hiluszellen des menschlichen Ovarialmarks bzw. eine Homologie mit den Leydig-Zellen des Hodens zweifelhaft. Als mögliche Quelle für diesen Zelltyp werden neben embryonal liegengebliebenen Anteilen auch Thekakeile und Epoophoronzellen sowie Fibroblasten diskutiert. Neben einer Steroid-synthese dürfte ihnen eine Reserve- und Speicherfunktion zukommen.
    Notes: Summary In order to make possible comparison between relatively primitive and relatively specialized gonads, the ovary of the mole was studied by light and electron microscopy. The ultrastructure of primary, secondary and tertiary follicles and of the germ cells is similar to that of other species. The granulosa cells of secondary and early tertiary follicles contain abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and a small number profiles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The cells of the theca interna, which develop from simple fibrocytes are rich in smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum and contain many lipid droplets and mitochondria, which possess both cristae and tubuli mitochondriales. At the time of ovulation, the granulosa cells are luteinized and their ultrastructure changes correspondingly. The medulla of the ovary is composed of the medullary cords and the interstitial cells. The medullary cords are solid epithelial cords, which are surrounded by a prominent basement membrane. They may be derived from embryonic precursors of granulosa—or Sertoli-cells or bud from the cortical zonae granulosae. There is a striking morphological similarity between the theca and interstitial cells. The interstitial cells of the ovarian medulla differ from the hilus cells of the human ovary and the Leydig-cells of the testis. They may develop either from embryonic rudiments of Leydig—or hilus-cell precursors, or bud from the theca or the epoophoron, or they may develop from fibrocytes. In addition to their suggested activity in steroid biosynthesis, the interstitial cells may have a trophic or storage function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00518630
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural differences along the colonic mucosa of the mouse (1974)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 144 (1974), S. 75-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Colonic mucosa ; Mouse ; Vacuolated cells ; Electron microscopy ; Morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Swiss ICR adult male mice were used to analyse regional morphologic differences in the mucosa of the colon. The three cell types recently described in the descending colon of the mouse were also observed in the transverse and in the ascending colon. However the vacuolated cells of the crypts have presented different morphological characteristics depending on their localisation. In the ascending colon, they exhibited small supranuclear vesicles in contrast to the large vesicles observed in the descending colon. Several cell combining features of argentaffin-vacuolated, goblet-vacuolated and goblet-argentaffin cells have been observed. Furthermore a special type of granule referred to as a secondary lysosome was observed in the peripheral area of the typical goblet cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00518634
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of sarcolemma from human skeletal muscle (1974)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 145 (1974), S. 187-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Human skeletal muscle ; Sarcolemma ; Isolation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An isolation procedure for sarcolemma of human skeletal muscle is described. The method includes the possibility to prepare sarcoplasmic reticulum from the same muscle fibres. Electron microscopy reveals a homogeneous final fraction of 80–90% myofibre enveloping membranes contaminated by blood vessel membranes. The typical three-laminar composition of isolated sarcolemma is demonstrated. The mechanism of muscle fibre emptying is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00519728
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic observations on postnatal development of the X zone in mouse adrenal cortex (1974)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 144 (1974), S. 85-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: X zone ; Electron microscopy ; Development ; Adrenal ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The postnatal development and involution of the X zone in the mouse adrenal cortex of both sexes were examined using the light and electron microscopes. At 0–5 days of age, no special cell group could be distinguished for the developing X zone in the inner cortex. The inner cortical cells contained spherical or ellipsoidal mitochondria with vesiculotubular cristae, vesiculotubular smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER) and electron-lucent lipid droplets. The first sign of the developing X zone was the appearance of small groups of cells in juxtamedullary region differing from the cells in other part of inner cortex at 8 days. The electron microscopy showed that such cells contained nuclei of somewhat irregular outline and some parallel stacks of flattened sER. At 10–11 days, a thin layer of small eosinophilic cells were clearly identified as the developing X zone light microscopically in both sexes. Electron microscopically, the X zone cells showed a much dense cytoplas, which contained abundant sER, many mitochondria and numerous ribosomes. The typical X zone cells were characterized by the formation of peculiar mitochondrial complexes and whorled pattern of the sER. Mitoses were often found in the X zone, where mitotic cells even contained the whorled sER and bizarre mitochondria characteristic of the typical X zone cells. In the male the X zone rapidly involuted and might disappear by 30 days of age, whereas in the female X zone persisted as a thicker layer with the earlist sign of fatty degeneration. The origin of the X zone cell and the process of formation of its characteristic organelles are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00518635
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of gonadal ridge in male and female pig embryos (1974)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 147 (1974), S. 19-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Gonads/embryology ; Swine/embryology ; Sex determination ; Electron microscopy ; Sex characteristics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pig embryos aged 21–22 days (d) were obtained from artificially inseminated sows for an ultrastructural study of the development and sex differentiation of the gonadal ridge. The chromosomal sex of the embryos was identified by a chromosome analysis. At the age of 21 d the gonadal ridge consisted of three different tissue: the surface epithelium, the primitive cords, and the mesenchyme. The surface epithelial cells contained elongate mitochondria with lamellar cristae, granular endoplasmic reticulum (GER), the Golgi complex, free polysomes, coated vesicles and fine filaments. The epithelium was continuous with the primitive cords, which were composed of ultrastructurally similar cells. The epithelial basal lamina followed the cord surface, but covered it incompletely. Primordial germ cells (PGC) were located under the surface epithelium in the mesenchyme and in the cords. The nucleus with a prominent nucleolus, and the large mitochondria were round. The cytoplasm contained a pair of centrioles, the Golgi complex, solitary lamellae of the GER, free polysomes, lipid droplets and some coated vesicles. The PGC entered the gonadal cords before these were surrounded by the continuous basal lamina. A day later (22 d) the number and length of the cords were increased. The PGC were more frequent and seen also in deeper layers. All the structures studied at the age of 21–22 d showed that the gonadal ridge also at the ultrastructural level is at the sexually indifferent stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317961
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Central neuroblastoma induced by transplacental administration of methylnitrosourea in Wistar-R rats (1974)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 208 (1974), S. 1-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Neuroblastoma, central ; N-methyl-N-nitrosourea ; Transplacentar carcinogenesis ; Neuronal differentiation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die transplacentare Gabe von MNH an schwangere Ratten am 16. Tage der Gravidität, obwohl sie bei allen untersuchten Nachkommen zu Gehirnmißbildungen führte, erzeugte nur einen Tumor des Nervensystems. Dieser bösartige Tumor, bei dem am Lichtmikroskop die Diagnose Neuroblastoma gestellt wurde, wurde auch durch E.M. untersucht. Obwohl Strukturen stark andeutend auf unreife oder regressive synapsenartige Kontakte vorhanden waren, konnten gutentwickelte Synapsen jedoch nicht beobachtet werden. Bei den verschiedenen neuronalen Eigenschaften, die bei den Tumorzellen zum Vorschein kamen, besonders extensive Nissl-Schollen und zahlreiche „subsurface“ Zisternen, waren mehrere typisch für die embryonale Entwicklung der Nervenzellen: geästete Zellfortsätze mit Wachstumskonen und dense core, neurosekretorische Granula; diese Granula wurde als charakteristisch für neuerwachsende Nervenfasern angesehen. Die Anwesenheit dieser Entwicklungsmerkmale in einem Nervenzellenmalignom kann die vermutete embryonale Abstammung des Neuroblastomas als Abkömmling von unreifen Formen und nicht von entdifferenzierten Zellen bestätigen.
    Notes: Summary Transplacentar administration of MNU to pregnant Wistar-R rats at the 16th day of gestation, while inducing cerebral malformations in all the offspring examined, produced only one nervous system tumor. This malignant neoplasm, diagnosed optically as a neuroblastoma, was also examined at the EM level. Although structures strongly suggestive of incipient or abortive synaptic formations were present, well developed synapses were not observed. Among the various neuronal features displayed by the tumor cells, notably some extensive Nissl arrays and numerous subsurface cisternae, several were indicative of maturing nerve cells: branching tumoral processes provided with typical growth cones and dense cored “neurosecretory” vesicles. These vesicles are now considered to be one of the characteristics of newly developing nerve fibers. The presence of these developmental features in a nerve cell tumor helps to substantiate the embryonic origin of neuroblastomas postulated as arising from immature forms and not from dedifferentiated cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313329
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bleivergiftung: Feinstrukturelle Lokalisation von Blei im Gingivagewebe (1974)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 32 (1974), S. 129-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Lead intoxication ; Lead line ; Electron microscopy ; Stomato-Logy ; Bleiintoxikation ; Bleisaum ; Elektronenmikroskopie ; Stomatologie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die histologischen Befunde beim Bleisaum im Licht- und Dunkelfeld werden kurz besprochen. Die Beobachtungen stimmen mit den bekannten Angaben aus der Literatur überein. Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an Gingivabiopsien von 3 Patienten mit Bleivergiftung und deutlichem Bleisaum zeigten, daß die Ablagerungen sowohl extra- als auch intracellulär zu finden sind. Extracelluläres Blei war hauptsächlich zwischen kollagenen Pasern, um die Blutgefäße und in die Basallamina an der dermo-epidermalen Grenze eingelagert. Intracelluläres Blei war in einer Gruppe von Zellen in membranbegrenzten Phagosomen vorhanden, während es in anderen Zellen diffus im Cytoplasma verteilt war, wobei es zu einer Einlagerung in die verschiedenen cytoplasmatischen Membransysteme, besonders in die mitochondrialen Membranen, kam. Reste von lytischen Zellen mit diffus im Cytoplasma verteiltem Metall wurden von Makrophagen aufgenommen. Es wird vermutet, daß ein Cyclus abläuft, der mit der Phagocytose von Blei beginnt und über progrediente Zellschädigung zur Lyse führt. Die Ergebnisse werden mit Beobachtungen bei Argyrose verglichen. Das unterschiedliche Verteilungsmuster der Metalle bei diesen beiden Erkrankungen wird im Hinblick auf eine Hypothese über den Pathomechanismus von Schwermetallvergiftungen diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The histology of the lead line is briefly reviewed on the basis of light- and dark-field microscope studies. The observations correspond with published data. Electron microscope studies on gingival biopsies obtained from 3 patients with lead intoxication and marked lead lines showed extra- and intracellular deposits of the metal. Extracellular lead was preferentially deposited between collagen fibers, around blood vessels and on the basal lamina of the dermal-epidermal junction. Intracellular lead was present within membrane-bound phagosomes of one group of cells, whereas it was diffusely distributed within the cytoplasm of another cell group. In the latter it was deposited on the different cytoplasmic membrane systems, particularly on the mitochondrial membranes. Residues of lytic cells, which contained diffusely distributed metal, were phagocytized by macrophages. It is assumed that a cycle starts with the phagocytosis of lead and ends with increasing cellular damage and cytolysis. The results are compared with the observations in argyria. The different distribution patterns of the metal in the two diseases are discussed in the light of a proposed hypothesis on the pathomechanisms of heavy-metal poisoning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00539101
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning and transmission electron microscopy evidence of the cytological effect of pyrrolnitrin on ‘Microsporon audouinii’ Gruby CBS 313-54 ‘in vitro’ (1974)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 53 (1974), S. 111-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Microsporon audouinii ; Pyrrolnitrin ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed that a ceiling quantity (1.56 mcg) of antifungal antibiotic Pyrrolnitrin caused heavy damage to dermathophyteMicrosporon audouinii Gruby CBS 313-54in vitro. Suitable preparation technique made it clear that the changes involved consisted of hyphal collapse on the edge of the culture, with loss of euplasmic organelles identity and cell autolysis. The cell wall, however, was apparently undamaged. These findings fit in with the suggestion that the mode of action of the antibiotic leads to generalised lipoproteic membranes damage. They must, however, be considered as representing the result of the terminal phase of cell distress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02127201
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lanthanum nitrate in a smooth muscle membrane system (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 147 (1974), S. 157-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Smooth muscle ; Iris ; Lanthanum nitrate ; Sarcoplasmic reticulum ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig sphincter pupillae were fixed in the presence of 3% lanthanum nitrate. Although only small amounts of lanthanum were found in plasmalemmal vesicles, large deposits were present within a membrane system resembling sarcoplasmic reticulum. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the use of lanthanum nitrate as an extracellular tracer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00582790
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscope studies on the intestine using ruthenium red (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 147 (1974), S. 271-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Intestinum ; Diseases of the colon ; Laboratory animals ; Ruthenium red ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ruthenium-Rot gefärbte Darmpräparate verschiedener Krankheitsbilder sowie verschiedener Laboratoriumstiere wurden elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Ruthenium-Rot läßt sich im Bereich des Intestinaltraktes teils homogen, teils grob- und feingranulär nachweisen. Microvilli and Glycokalyx sind relativ konstant Ruthenium-Rot gefärbt. Der Intercellularraum der Lamina epithelialis mucosae zeigt eine auffallend variable Ruthenium-Rot Anfärbung. Diese ist offenbar nicht methodisch bedingt, sondern Ausdruck eines unterschiedlichen bzw. variablen Funktionszustandes. Es bleibt offen, ob Ruthenium-Rot im Sinne einer histochemischen Reaktion bestimmte, im interzellulären Raum gelegene Substanzen markiert, oder als Tracer für den Stofftransport angesehen werden muß. Becherzellen und nekrobiotische Zellen weisen in der Regel eine konstante Ruthenium-Rot Anfärbung auf. Im Stratum proprium mucosae ist der Reaktionsausfall für Ruthenium-Rot sehr inkonstant, möglicherweise auf Grund des langen Penetrationsweges. Ziemlich regelmäßig findet sich allerdings eine Ruthenium-Rot Markierung de Phagolysosomen von Makrophagen. Prinzipielle Unterschiede der explorierten Gewebe und Tierarten bezüglich der Affinität zu Ruthenium-Rot bestehen nicht.
    Notes: Summary Biopsy specimens of human intestines in various disease states and from laboratory animal intestines have been stained with ruthenium red and inspected by electron microscopy. Ruthenium red reaction product is found as a homogeneous deposit and also in the form of coarse and fine granules. Microvilli and the glycocalyx are stained relatively constant by ruthenium red. The intercellular space of the epithelium shows a strikingly variable ruthenium red staining. This variation is apparently not related to the method but indicates differences or variations in the functional state of the membranes. It remains an open question whether the ruthenium red reaction is a histochemical reaction, marking certain substances present in in the intercellular area or whether it should be considered as a tracer for the transport of materials. Goblet cells and necrobiotic cells usually show a constant ruthenium red staining. In the lamina propria the reaction product is very inconstant, possibly on account of the long penetration path from the lumen. The phagolysosomes of macrophages are marked by ruthenium red rather regularly. No fundamental, but only quantitative differences have been found between the various kinds of tissue studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00582801
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  • 17
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    Electronic Resource
    The surface film on the mesothelium of the serous membranes of the rat (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 147 (1974), S. 595-597 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Mesothelium (rat) ; Surface film ; Ruthenium red ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A surface film with a thickness of 280–570 Å covers the mesothelium of serous membranes in the rat. This film can be stained with ruthenium red. Its considerable water-binding capacity produces the reflecting surface of the serous membranes. The friction of the organs is thereby greatly reduced. Only a small amount of serous fluid must be produced to keep the surface moist. The glucosamino glycans of the surface film are probably synthesized by the mesothelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307258
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of the excretory system of Amphioxus (Branchiostoma floridae) and its response to osmotic stress (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 148 (1974), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Branchiostoma ; Osmoregulation ; Cyrtocytes ; Podocytes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The excretory organs of Amphioxus occur as segmentally arranged structures throughout the pharyngeal region and may be divided into three components: the solenocytes, the renal tubule, and the renal glomerulus. The solenocytes possess foot processes that rest upon the coelomic surface of the ligamentum denticulatum. The tubular apparatus of the solenocytes consists of ten triangular rods surrounding a central flagellum. The distal end of the tubular apparatus enters branches of the renal tubule. The renal tubule eventually opens into the atrial cavity of Amphioxus. The renal glomerulus is a sinus within the connective tissue of the ligamentum dentieculatum where it connects elements of the branchial circulation with the dorsal aorta. The renal glomerulus, like other blood vessels of Amphioxus, lacks an endothelial lining. If Amphioxus is adapted to artificial sea water at different concentrations there is no change in kidney morphology suggesting that Amphioxus is either is osmotic with its environment or is osmoregulating with other organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224314
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fine structure of adrenal zona glomerulosa in the adult rat (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 149 (1974), S. 235-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal zona glomerulosa ; Rat ; Normal ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This paper reports on an electron microscopic study of the adrenal zona glomerulosa in the normal rat, with special emphasis on the structural diversity of mitochondria in its parenchymatous cells. The mitochondria of cristae may be tubulo-vesicular, plate-like and/or straight tubular, any one mitochondrion containing one or more types of cristae. The mitochondrial features of the zona glomerulosa parenchymatous cells are attributed to the biochemical stages of aldosterone synthesis, taking place in different mitochondria of these cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222276
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  • 20
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    Electronic Resource
    The structural water of fibrin molecules measured by heat drying and compared with derivations from electron microscopic molecular models (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 149 (1974), S. 379-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Structural water ; Fibrinogen-Fibrinmolecule ; Molecular morphology ; Electron microscopy ; Heat drying
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Standardgerinnsel aus Rinderfibrin wurden in der Kammer einer Versuchsanordnung einem mit Wasser nahezu gesättigten Luftstrom ausgesetzt. Die Gerinnsel kollabierten, und ihr Restwasser wurde in Zeitabständen durch Hitzetrocknung bei 105°C bestimmt. Es resultierte eine zeitabhängige Kurve, die aus 3 Phasen besteht. Elektronen-mikroskopische Aufnahmen zeigen, daß infolge eines Verlustes des freien Wassers während der ersten Phase das Pibringerüst des Gerinnsels kollabiert. Während der dritten Phase kollabiert das Proteingerüst der Fibrinmoleküle infolge des Verlustes von Strukturwasser. Während der zweiten Phase besteht das Gerinnsel aus raumfüllend gepackten Fibrinmolekülen. Das Strukturwasser beträgt dann etwa 5,25 g/g Trockengewicht; die Höhe ist etwa 180 μm und ergibt den wahrscheinlichsten Wert des Strukturwassers, 6,25 g/g Protein. Wenn dieser experimentelle Wert mit entsprechenden, theoretisch zu erwartenden Werten verglichen wird, die von elektronenmikroskopischen Molekularmodellen für Fibrin hergeleitet wurden, so ergibt das Gerinnsel, das aus raumfüllend gepackten Pentagondodekaeder-Modellen besteht, mit etwa 8 g Strukturwasser/g Fibrin die beste Näherung an den im Experiment erhaltenen Wert. Dieses Modell kann — im Gegensatz zu anderen Modellen — Massen-, Volumens- und Morphologieverhältnisse des Gerinnsels und des Moleküls erklären. Die verbleibende Differenz zwischen wahrscheinlichstem experimentellem und theoretischem Strukturwasser-Gehalt ist leicht durch experimentelle Ungenauigkeiten und Anwesenheit von Nicht-Fibrin im Molekularvolumen erklärbar. Mit an Sicherheit grenzender Wahrscheinlichkeit repräsentiert deshalb das Pentagondodekaeder-Modell die Allgemeinstruktur des Fibrin- und Fibrinogenmoleküls.
    Notes: Summary Standard clots of bovine fibrin collapsed in the highly humid air stream of a laboratory device. Their residual water, determined by heat drying at 105°C, resulted in a time dependent curve composed of 3 distinct phases. Electron micrographs show that during the first phase free water is released causing a collapse of the fibrous framework of the clot, during the third phase structural water is lost causing a breakdown of the molecular protein. The clot of the second phase consists of space fillingly packed fibrin molecules, whose directly determined structural water is approximately 5.25 g/g dry wt., but whose height (approximately 180 μm) results in the most probable value 6.25 g structural water/g protein. If this amount is compared with respective theoretical values of electron microscopic molecular models of fibrin, the clot consisting of space fillingly packed pentagon dodecahedron models yields approximately 8 g structural water/g fibrin, closely to the experimental value. In contrast to other models, this model explains simultaneously the shape of the curve, mass and volume relationships and morphology of clot and molecule. The remainding difference between the most probable experimental and this theoretical value can easily be attributed to experimental errors and impurities contained in the volume of the molecule. Consequently, the general structure of the fibrinogen and fibrin molecule is represented by the pentagon dodecahedron model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226772
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  • 21
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    Electronic Resource
    Fluorescence and electron microscopical study of aminergic nuclei in the brain of Bufo poweri (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 149 (1974), S. 481-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Brain ; Monoamines ; Amphibia ; Fluorescence microscopy ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of monoamines in the brain of Bufo poweri was investigated with the Falck-Hillarp method. Green fluorescence was observed in neurons of the diencephalic preoptic recess organ (PRO) and its so-called additional cells, in the paraventricular organ (PVO) and its so-called accompanying cells, in the nucleus infundibularis dorsalis (NID) and in the mesencephalic nucleus reticularis mesencephali (NRM). Yellow fluorescence was found in some cells of the PVO and NID and in neurons of the caudal part of the NRM. Extensive tracts of aminergic fibres are described running caudo-rostrally and mainly terminating in the septa and striata of the telencephalon. It is suggested that the aminergic nuclei mentioned above partly contribute to the ascending tracts. Other fibres, originating in the PVO and NID are curving centro-caudally towards the median eminence. Although with the electron microscope some apparently aminergic nerve fibres were detected in the pars intermedia, such fibres have not been observed fluorescence microscopically. The ultrastructural study of the PRO has shown the presence of two types of aminergic liquor-contacting neurons. Among the distal cells of the PRO, aminergic and peptidergic neurons were distinguished. The presence of PRO additional cells, which are considered as a rostral extension of the PRO, is discussed with regard to the terrestrial habitat of the species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223027
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  • 22
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    Electronic Resource
    An electron microscopic and autoradiographic study of mesogleal organization and collagen synthesis in the sea anemone Aiptasia diaphana (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 149 (1974), S. 537-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sea anemone mesoglea ; Collagen synthesis ; Epitheliomuscular cells ; Electron microscopy ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopy and autoradiography (H3-proline) were used to determine the cell(s) responsible for collagen synthesis and lamination in the mesoglea of the sea anemone, Aiptasia diaphana. Mesogleal collagen is synthesized by the epidermal epitheliomuscular cells which contain much rough endoplasmic reticulum, and secretory vesicles attached to microtubules which cross the basal plasmalemma and anchor in the basement membrane; these cells incorporate large amounts of H3-proline. The mesogleal collagen fibers are non-striated, have clear centers, and a diameter of 200–260 Å; their walls are composed of 65 Å diameter subunit fibrils which appear to be helically oriented. Epitheliomuscular cells rest upon a subepidermal basement membrane which is composed of mesogleal collagen fibers, 65 Å subunit fibrils, and dense granules. This subepidermal basement membrane labels definitively with H3-proline, and is the region where soluble collagen precursors apparently form subunit fibrils which associate to yield mesogleal fibers. The columnar mesogleal collagen fibers are arranged to form layers: the fibers of each layer have the same longitudinal orientation, while those of adjacent layers display an approximate orthogonal arrangement. It is felt that the subepidermal basement membrane is responsible for this organization of mesogleal fibers. Mesogleal amoebocytes do not label with H3-proline and show no ultrastructural evidence of collagen secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223031
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  • 23
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    Electronic Resource
    Investigations on the fine structure of purkinje fibres in the atrium of the avian heart (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 150 (1974), S. 43-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Purkinje fibres ; Avian heart ; Fine structure ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The subendocardial Purkinje fibres in the right atrium of the heart of the adult fowl were investigated by light and electron microscopy. The myofibrils often originate from the lateral cell membrane of the cells and show a spirally wound course. Their arrangement is obviously not random. In some Purkinje cells the absolute amount of myofibrils per cell is as large as in ordinary myocardial muscle cells. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is constituted by ramifying tubules. They are distributed throughout the entire Purkinje cell and contact the myofibrils, the mitochondria, and the cell membrane. At the cell membrane the sarcoplasmic reticulum forms terminal cisternae, which often possess an electron dense content. These terminal cisternae are apparently unrelated to the Z-discs of the myofibrils. The cytoplasmic organelles of the Purkinje cell are embedded in a network of ca. 100 Å thick filaments. It is assumed that these filaments are responsible for the maintenance of the arrangement of the cell organelles. Some Z-discs of the myofibrils of the Purkinje cells are up to 0.4 μm long. Axon terminals running between the Purkinje fibre and the fibrocytic envelope may lie only 150 Å from the fibrocytes. The fibrocytes are connected by tight junctions and desmosomes and contain fine filaments and microtubules. The possible implications of these findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220379
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  • 24
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    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of binucleate keratinocytes and binucleation in palatal mucosa of guinea pigs (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 150 (1974), S. 113-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Binucleation ; Amitotic nuclear division ; Palatal epithelium (Guinea pig) ; Keratinocytes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The palatal epithelium of adult male guinea pigs contains a considerable number of binucleate epithelial cells in all strata but the basal cell layer. Electron microscopical examination shows that the two equal-sized nuclei are dome-shaped with the flattened surfaces closely approximated, the distance between the nuclei being 30 nm or more. No points of contact have been found between the nuclear membranes. No differences in number, distribution or ultrastructure of cytoplasmic organelles were found between mono- and binucleate epithelial cells. Evidence of amitotic nuclear division being a plausible mechanism of binucleation is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220385
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The sarcolemma of skeletal muscle fibres as demonstrated by a replica technique (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 150 (1974), S. 377-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sarcolemma ; Collagen texture ; Frog ; Electron microscopy ; Replica technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Single stage carbon replicas were obtained from dried bundles of frog skeletal muscle fibres at different sarcomere lengths. In unfixed specimens finer details are masked by an amorphous substance; after fixation with glutaraldehyde a network of collagen fibrils covering the muscle fibres appears. At a sarcomere length of 1.8 μm the collagen fibrils are oriented diagonally and transversely; between a sarcomere length of 2.8 and 3.1 μm the collagen fibrils are increasingly oriented along the axis of the muscle fibre. This indicates a helical arrangement of the collagen fibrils in the sarcolemma, the pitch being grossly related to sarcomere length. Collagen fibrils and fibres in the endomysium are not oriented according to sarcomere length; hence at low degrees of stretch, force applied to the tendon is primarily transmitted by the muscle fibres and not by the endomysium. Replicas from skinned fibres showed that shrinkage is most pronounced in the I-bands and least in the Z-and M-lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220144
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  • 26
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    Electronic Resource
    Freeze-fracture studies on the cockroach hemocyte membrane complex: Symmetric and asymmetric membrane particle distributions (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 151 (1974), S. 385-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Membrane particles ; Cockroach hemocytes ; Freeze-fracture ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Freeze-fracture studies were conducted on the membranes of normal cockroach hemocytes. The plasmalemma is asymmetric with the A fracture face containing 80–100 Å membrane intercalated particles at a concentration of ∼2500/μ2. The B fracture face contains 120–150 Å particles with a relatively low density (∼800/μ2). The nuclear envelope displays an asymmetry with the A fracture face containing ∼1500 particles/μ2 and the B face containing ∼300/μ 2. No significant particle size differences were observed in nuclear envelope fracture faces. Two types of symmetric membranes were also found in these cells. Both A and B fracture faces of the membrane surrounding the numerous cytoplasmic inclusion bodies contain particle sizes and concentrations similar to the B face of the plasmalemma. A second type of symmetry was observed in cells apparently engaged in “exocytosis”. Vesicles (∼0.1 μD) from this process were completely particle free on both fracture faces. Such particle free vesicles could be found in the cytoplasm, attached to the plasmalemma, or completely separated from the cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224548
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  • 27
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    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the juxtaglomerular apparatus (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 151 (1974), S. 457-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Juxtaglomerular apparatus ; Rat ; Adrenalectomy ; Renin and secretory granules ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Reaktion des juxtaglomerulären Apparates auf Adrenalektomie wurde untersucht. Im Stadium der Nebenniereninsuffizienz, sechs Tage nach der Operation, wurde quantitativ morphometrisch eine Abnahme der Volumendichte der Sekretgranula (von 32% auf 16%) festgestellt. Golgi-Apparat und Ergastoplasma proliferieren stark, wobei insbesondere die erweiterten Cisternen des Ergastoplasmas auffallen.
    Notes: Summary The response of the Juxtaglomerular apparatus to bilateral adrenalectomy was studied in rats. After the sixth postoperative day, symptoms of severe adrenal insufficiency had developed. In the Juxtaglomerular cells, the volume density of the secretory granules decreased from 32% to 16%. The Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum underwent considerable proliferation, the latter showing strikingly enlarged cisternae.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222991
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  • 28
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    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the juxtaglomerular apparatus (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 151 (1974), S. 433-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Juxtaglomerular apparatus (Rat) ; Development ; Renin ; Pools ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die perinatale Entwicklung des juxtaglomerulären Apparates, insbesondere das Verhalten der epitheloiden Zellen wurde an 18 trächtigen Ratten and 65 Embryonen bzw. Jungtieren elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Parallel dazu wurde die Reninkonzentration bzw. der Reningehalt bestimmt. Spezifische Sekretgranula finden sich erstmals am 18. Tag der Fetalzeit, und zwar in den epitheloiden Zellen des juxtaglomerulären Apparates juxtamedullärer Nephrone. Die Granula machen einen Struktur- und wahrscheinlich auch Funktionswandel durch, der eine Einteilung in drei verschiedene Granulatypen nahelegt. Diesen drei Typen spezifischer (reninhaltiger) Sekretgranula werden die Lysosomen als unspezifische Einschlüsse der epitheloiden Zellen gegenübergestellt. Im einzelnen kommt es während der perinatalen Phase in den fetalen Epitheloidzellen zuerst, d.h. pränatal, zu einer Hypertrophie des rauhwandigen endoplasmatischen Retikulums und des Golgi-Apparates. Hierin sehen die Autoren einen Hinweis auf eine erhöhte Proteinsynthese mit entsprechender Zunahme der Transport- und Konzentrationsvorgänge. Nach der Geburt findet sich dann auch eine deutliche Zunahme der Sekretgranula vom Typ III, die als reife Reningranula (mature granules) angesehen werden. Die bisher noch nicht beschriebenen kleinen Sekretgranula vom Typ I dagegen kommen in weniger entwickelten Epitheloidzellen häufiger vor. Bestimmungen der Reninverteilung zwischen Zytoplasma und den durch Differential-zentrifugation gewonnenen Granula-Fraktionen ergeben auffallende Parallelen zu den morphologischen Befunden. Diese sprechen im allgemeinen dafür, daß “freies Renin” im Ergasto-plasma und “gebundenes Renin” in den Sekretgranula vorliegt. Mit zunehmendem Alter scheint es außerdem — parallel zur relativen Abnahme des Ergastoplasmas und Zunahme der reifen Reningranula — zu einer Verminderung des extragranulären zugunsten des granulär gebundenen Renins zu kommen.
    Notes: Summary The perinatal development of the Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA), with particular reference to the epithelioid cells, was studied. Electron microscopic studies were carried out on 18 gravid rats and 65 embryos with corresponding determinations of renin concentration and the renin contents by bio-assay. Specific secretory granules of the epithelioid cells of the JGA of juxtamedullary nephrons are first observed on the 18th day of gestation. The classification into three types of secretory granules suggests that they undergo a structural and probably also a functional transformation. All three types of secretory granule may be regarded as specific, renin-containing, cytoplasmic organelles. During the last days of gestation, the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus become hypertrophied in epithelioid cells, indicating an increased protein synthesis as well as transport and concentration processes. After birth, there is a definite increase in the number of Type III secretory granules-which may be regarded as mature granules. The small Type I secretory granulesnot previously described-are found more frequently in the immature epithelioid cells. Determinations of the renin distribution in the plasma and in fractions of cytoplasmic constituents (total homogenate, secretory granules) prepared by differential centrifugation showed striking congruence with the morphological findings. It is generally assumed that “soluble renin” occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and “bound renin” in secretory granules. A shift from extragranular to granular (bound) renin, occurs with increasing age, having its morphological equivalent in the relative decrease of the endoplasmic reticulum and increase in mature secretory granules.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222990
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  • 29
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    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of the human fetal pineal gland (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 152 (1974), S. 13-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Human fetal pineal gland ; Development ; Secretion ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the pineal gland of 18 human fetuses (crown-rump lengths 30–178 mm) was investigated. The pineal gland exhibits a pyramidal shape and consists of an anterior and posterior lobe. Only one parenchymal cell type, the pinealocyte, was observed. Few neuroblasts were seen between the pinealocytes and in the extended perivascular space. The pinealocytes possess all the organelles necessary for hormone synthesis. No specific secretory granule could be observed. The organ is abundantly vascularized and richly innervated. The morphology of the capillaries indicates the existence of a blood-brain barrier. The ultrastructure of the human fetal pineal gland suggests that the gland has a secretory function in early intrauterine life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224208
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  • 30
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    Electronic Resource
    An ultrastructural analysis of myelin in the central nervous system of an amphibian (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 152 (1974), S. 51-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Myelin ; Ventral habenular nuclei ; Interpeduncular nucleus ; Rana esculenta ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An ultrastructural analysis of myelin in the ventral habenular and in the interpeduncular nuclei of the adult frog Rana esculenta has been carried out. In the ventral habenular nuclei, in addition to normally myelinated fibres, some myelin irregularities have been observed. They consist of myelin enwrapping the perikarya of some neurons and of isolated flaps of collapsed myelin. In the interpeduncular nucleus numerous myelinated fibres occur but few redundant myelin irregularities have been noticed. The morphological data suggest that myelination of fibres in these sites is due to the spiral wrapping mechanism from a glial cell process while the myelin irregularities described in the ventral habenular nuclei are probably due to membrane synthesis within the cytoplasm of the myelinated neurons and of the oligodendrocytes which are sometimes observed in contact with the ensheathed neurons. In the interpeduncular nucleus myelinated fibres indenting astrocytes and oligodendrocytes have been observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224210
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  • 31
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    Morphometric analysis of the midgut of female Aedes aegypti (L.) (insecta, diptera) under various physiological conditions (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 152 (1974), S. 31-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Aedes aegypti ; Midgut epithelium ; Cytology ; Morphometry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Ultrastruktur des Mitteldarmes von Aedes aegypti Weibchen wurde morphometrisch untersucht. Besonderes Interesse lag dabei auf quantitativen Unterschieden im Bau der Epithelzellen eines vorderen (A) und eines hinteren (P) Abschnittes des Mitteldarmes, um jedem dieser beiden Abschnitte bestimmte Funktionen zuordnen zu können. 5 physiologisch verschiedene Stadien wurden verglichen: 1 = unreife Weibchen; 2 = zum 1. Blutmahl (B.M.) bereit; 3 = Verdauung des B.M.; 4 = zum 2. B.M. bereit; 5 = alternde Weibchen. Wenn der Mitteldarm noch nicht funktionsbereit ist (Stadium 1) gleichen sich die Epithelzellen von A und P quantitativ ultrastrukturell. In den folgenden Stadien hingegen werden deutliche Unterschiede sichtbar. Das Zellvolumen und die Kern-Cytoplasma-Relation werden in P generell größer als in A. Parallel dazu nehmen der Mitochondriengehalt und die Oberfläche des rauhen endoplasmatischen Retikulums in P gegenüber A zu. In A entwickeln sich mehr Microvilli, ein extensiveres basales Labyrinth und ein deutliches glattes endoplasmatisches Retikulum. Vergrößerte Cytoplasmavolumina vor allem in den P-Zellen werden 24 Std. nach dem 1. B.M. gefunden (Stadium 3). Parallel dazu erreichen die Volumina der Organellen und/oder ihre Membranoberflächen ebenfalls Maximalwerte. Diese Vergrößerung des gesamten Zell-apparates läßt den Schluß zu, daß während der Blutverdauung die Funktionskapazität des Mitteldarmes erhöht ist. Basierend auf den quantitativ ultrastrukturellen Unterschieden zwischen den Zellen von A und P wurde postuliert, daß dem vorderen Abschnitt des Mitteldarms verstärkte Absorptionsfunktionen zukommen. Dem hinteren Abschnitt hingegen wurden gesteigerte Protein-syntheseleistungen im Zusammenhang mit der Bildung von Verdauungsenzymen zugeordnet. Die vorliegenden Resultate wurden an einem, in Beziehung auf seine Ernährung, spezialisierten Insekt gewonnen (Blutverdauung). Trotzdem scheint die postulierte Zuordnung von Funktionen zu bestimmten Mitteldarmzonen mit dem “secretion—absorption”-Modell (Berridge, 1970) übereinzustimmen.
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the midgut of Aedes aegypti females was investigated by means of morphometric techniques. The interest was focussed on quantitative differences in the composition of epithelial cells between the anterior (A) and posterior (P) part of the midgut. The aim was to attribute defined functions to each of these 2 parts. 5 different physiological stages were compared: 1 = immature female; 2 = ready for first blood meal (b.m.); 3 = digestion of b.m.; 4 = ready for 2nd b.m.; 5 = aging female. Whereas in stage 1, when the gut has not yet reached a functional state the epithelial cells of A and P resemble each other, distinct differences develop in subsequent stages. Generally the cell volume and the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio become higher in P than in A. Concomitantly the mitochondrial content and the surface area of the rough endoplasmic reticulum are more prominent in P than in A. On the other hand more microvilli, a more extensive basal labyrinth and a well developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum are present in A. Enlarged cytoplasmic volumes, especially high in P, are found 24 h after the first b.m. (stage 3). In accordance with this increase the volume of organelles and/or their membrane surface areas also reach maximal values. This augmentation of the metabolic cell apparatus suggests that during blood digestion the whole organ develops an increased functional capacity. From the quantitative structural differences in A and P we concluded that the A-part of the midgut is especially involved in absorption. To the P-part more protein synthesis may be attributed, thus indicating an enhanced formation of digestive enzymes. Although this study deals with a rather specialised insect (blood digestion), it appears that our hypothesis attributing functions to defined midgut zones, agrees to a certain extent with the “secretion-absorption-model” of Berridge (1970).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224209
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    The fine structure of the larynx muscles in female tree frogs, Hyla a. arborea L. (Anura, Amphibia) (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 152 (1974), S. 185-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Laryngeal muscles ; Female tree frog, Hyla arborea arborea (L.) ; Fine structure ; Motor endplates ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The larynx musculature of female tree frogs is very poorly developed compared with that of males. This is probably due to the fact that they are less used; female tree frogs do not produce mating calls. The larynx muscles of the female are composed of fibers with small, medium, and large cross-sections. The distribution of the motor end plates varies correspondingly: in regions with fibers of very small diameter the density of synapses is about 33 times greater than in regions with large fibers. There is also a difference in fine structure between male and female laryngeal muscles. The muscles of females comprise red fibers, white fibers, and various transitional types. The arrangement of the triads and their number per sarcomere is the same in all fiber types. All fibers contain about the same amounts of glycogen, but the fat content varies widely among the different types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224694
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    Ultrastructure of the nucleus of human sertoli cells in normal and pathological testes (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 152 (1974), S. 467-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sertoli cell ; Human testis ; Nucleolus ; Nuclear bodies ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the nucleus of human Sertoli cells has been studied in testicular samples from normal adults and patients with hypospermatogenesis or absence of the germinal cell line (Sertoli cell only syndrome). In all cases the ultrastructure of the nuclear structures was alike. The nucleus is irregularly shaped and its membrane presents numerous pores. The inner aspect of the nuclear membrane is electron dense due to the presence of a fibrous lamina. The outer aspect presents a concentric arrangement of 50 Å cytoplasmic filaments. The chromatin is rather dispersed. Some perichromatin granules are found occasionally. The nucleolus is characteristic of human Sertoli cells and displays three clear components. In addition, sphaeridia of at least two principal morphological types were found. Their significance in the cell metabolism as well as relationship to either the nucleolus or the nuclear DNA are discussed. The need for further investigation on the functional meaning of the nuclear organelles of human Sertoli cells is stressed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218932
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    Ovulation and the mechanism of follicle rupture (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 153 (1974), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Graafian follicle (Rabbit) ; Granulosa cells ; Ovulation ; Basement mem-brane ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Membrana granulosa in rabbit Graafian follicles was studied at accurately determined times after an ovulatory dose of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). At 4 and 6 hrs after injection of HCG the granulosa cells were slightly dissociated around the whole follicle. So-called abutment nexuses (gap junctions) had decreased and continued to do so up to ovulation. At 8 hrs after HCG, membrana granulosa had thinned out apically and cell dissociation was even more evident in all parts of the follicle. Granulosa cell projections through the basement membrane were found, and, closer to the time of ovulation, more and larger granulosa cell protrusions penetrated the partly fragmented basement membrane. At 8 hrs spherical inclusions in the granulosa cells, corresponding to so-called annular nexuses, were significantly more numerous than before injection of HCG; the relative amount had more than doubled. Later, the number of annular nexuses decreased. The significance of annular nexuses and their variations is discussed. The decrease in the abutment nexuses probably means a decrease in cohesive force between the granulosa cells and facilitates follicle expansion; moreover, the simultaneous changes in the basement membrane, with more or less open channels into the antrum the last few hours before ovulation, presumably, permit rapid follicle growth by influx of fluid as soon as increased distensibility of the follicle wall allows further expansion without increase in pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225441
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    Electronic Resource
    Ovulation and the mechanism of follicle rupture (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 153 (1974), S. 31-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Graafian follicle (Rabbit) ; Ovulation ; Capillaries ; Intercellular junc-tions ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The rabbit Graafian follicles are encircled by a capillary network between the theca interna and the avascular membrana granulosa. After injection of an ovulatory dose of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) the theca interna cells showed an increase in the amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets and mitochondria with tubular cristae. In addition, considerably more junctions, similar to the abutment nexuses of granulosa cells were found; annular nexuses also appeared. At 4 hours after injection of HCG a prominent oedema was evident in the theca interna layer, particularly in the apical region. Small fenestrations in the endothelium of the blood capillaries increased in amount after HCG injection, and close to the time of ovulation, large gaps or perforations, 1–3 μ in diameter, were found in the thin, distended part of the endothelial cells. The surrounding basement membrane became fragmented and partly lost, so that a seemingly free passage from the capillary lumen to the interstitium was eventually established. Leakage of fluid, causing interstitial oedema, presumably proceeds until the pressure in the pericapillary interstitium has risen to the pressure in the capillaries. Some hours before and up to ovulation the pericapillary interstitium has also broad communications with the cavity of the follicles. Therefore, both pressure and fluid can be passed from the capillaries-via the interstitium-to the follicle antrum. However, influx of fluid with subsequent follicle expansion and ovulation-at constant pressure-does not occur until the tensile strength of the follicle wall has decreased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225443
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    The ultrastructure of the yolk nucleus during early cleavage of Nassarius reticulatus L. (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 153 (1974), S. 79-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Yolk nuclei ; Nassarius reticulatus ; Cleavage ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Dotterkerne kommen in allen Blastomeren des 4- bis 16-Zellstadiums von Nassarius vor. Sie haben überwiegend kugelige Gestalt und liegen kernnah zwischen Kern und apikalem Plasmalemm. Feinstrukturell sind sie erstaunlicherweise nicht einheitlich aufgebaut, sondern treten in zwei Typen auf: Typ I besteht aus einer relativ kompakt erscheinenden kugeligen Ansammlung von Mitochondrien. Die Mitochondrien liegen in einer dichten, teils granulären, teils fibrillären intermitochondrialen Substanz eingebettet. Typ II besteht aus einer ebenfalls kugeligen Ansammlung vieler kleiner radiär angeordneter Golgi-Stapel, welche in der gleichen dichten, teils granulären, teils fibrillären Substanz liegen wie die Mitochondrien von Typ I. Die Funktion beider Typen von Dotterkernen wird diskutiert. Sicherlich haben sie nichts mehr mit der Dottersynthese zu tun wie möglicherweise die Dotterkerne der Oocyten, doch gibt es bisher auch keine Anzeichen dafür, daß sie bevorzugt am Dotter- oder Lipidabbau beteiligt sind.
    Notes: Summary In all blastomeres of Nassarius from 4- to 16-cell stage yolk nuclei occur. Most of them are spherical bodies, lying juxtanuclearly between the nucleus and the apical plasmalemma. Strangely they are not ultrastructurally uniform but fall into two categories (Fig. 5): Type I is a massive spherical accumulation of mitochondria embedded in a dense intermitochondrial substance, which appears to contain both granules and filaments. Type II is a ball of radially arranged small Golgi stacks clustered around a centre of Golgi vesicles and other organelles embedded in a ground cytoplasm structurally similar to the intermitochondrial substance of type I. The function of both types of yolk nuclei is unknown. These segmentation yolk nuclei have nothing to do with yolk synthesis any more. On the other hand there are no indications that yolk nuclei occurrence is correlated with the break-down of yolk because neither lipid droplets nor protein yolk granules are observed in or beside the yolk nuclei.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225447
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    The distribution of synapses along the spinal cord of an amphibian embryo: An electron microscope study of junction development (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 153 (1974), S. 227-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Synapses ; Embryo (Xenopus laevis) ; Spinal cord ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The rostro-caudal gradient of differentiation found in vertebrate embryos has been utilized to examine the sequence of synaptic junction development in the spinal cord of Xenopus laevis at a late embryonic stage. Uniform samples were taken at various points along the cord of a stage 27 embryo and examined in the electron microscope. The general ultrastructure of the cord demonstrated the rostro-caudal gradient of development. The sequence of synaptic junction development was like that in the cervical region (Hayes and Roberts, 1973). “Membrane-vesicle clusters” and “immature” synaptic junctions were found most caudally followed by synaptic junctions, first with cleft and subsynaptic membrane density, then with only cleft density and finally, most rostrally, with cleft, subsynaptic membrane, and subsynaptic cytoplasmic density. Mature synaptic junctions were found in increasing numbers from the mid to anterior trunk cord and could mediate alternating trunk flexions made by the embryos at this stage of development. “Membrane-vesicle clusters” were found near processes containing irregular vesicles and also near membrane outlines. These may be signs of dendritic growth. “Membrane-vesicle clusters” were also found in varicosities, facing the space around the spinal cord and in nerve fibres peripherally between the skin and myotomes. This suggests an association of early stages in synaptogenesis with axon growth. This and other possible inferences about axon and dendrite growth in relation to synaptogenesis are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226611
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    Involution of the caudal musculature during metamorphosis in the ascidian, Botryllus schlosseri (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 153 (1974), S. 293-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ascidia (Botryllus schlosseri) ; Metamorphosis ; Muscle tissue involution ; Phagocytes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The caudal musculature of the free-swimming tadpole of the ascidian, B. schlosseri consists of cylindrical mononucleated cells connected in longitudinal rows flanking the axial notochord. During resorption of the larval tail, which is apparently induced by the contraction of the epidermis, muscle cells are dissociated and pushed into the body cavity where most of them are rapidly engulfed by phagocytes. In the initial stages of tail withdrawal muscle cells display surface alterations due to the disruption of intercellular junctions and disarrangement of myofibrils. Extensive degenerative changes, with shrinkage of mitochondria and disintegration of the contractile material are subsequently observed. Lysosomes and autophagic vacuoles are rarely seen and appear to play a secondary role in the degradation of the muscle cells, which occurs predominantly within the phagocytes. Myofilaments and myofibrils have never been observed within autophagic vacuoles. Clumps of muscle fragments and degenerated phagocytes undergo eventual dissolution in the blood lacunae, concomitantly with the differentiation of the young oozooid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229160
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  • 39
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    Electronic Resource
    Transformations of hypothalamic arcuate neurons (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 153 (1974), S. 497-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Arcuate nucleus ; Hypothalamus ; Sexual cycle ; Ribbon-rolls ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Changes in subcellular structures of arcuate neurons correlated in a consistent way with stages of the estrous cycle of the rat. Associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum short ribbons of moderately electron dense material appeared at metestrus and circular or elliptical bodies termed “ribbon-rolls” at diestrus and proestrus. Although present in proestrus, the ribbon-rolls were smaller at this stage. In a few neurons in diestrous females and in ovariectomized animals one to seven months before perfusion multiple large ribbon-rolls occupied much of the cytoplasm. Also, frequency of dense granules and lysosomes increased in diestrus. The significance of the ribbon-rolls and changes in other structures during the estrous cycle are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231543
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    A time course study of water permeability and morphological alterations induced by mucosal hyperosmolarity in frog urinary bladder (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 154 (1974), S. 345-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Urinary bladder ; Frog ; Water permeability and Ultrastructure ; Hyperosmolarity ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Resumé Certaines informations récentes (voir introduction) nous ont conduits à reconsidérer la possibilité que l'action de l'hormone antidiurétique sur les tissus épithéliaux puisse s'exercer au niveau des jonctions intercellulaires. Une étude comparative des cinétiques d'apparition des altérations ultrastructurales et des variations de perméabilité à l'eau a permis d'établir que les décollements de la “tight junction” provoqués par l'hyperosmolarité muqueuse apparaissent avant tout accroissement significatif du flux net d'eau et ne peuvent donc pas en être la conséquence. L'examen à haute résolution, par cryodécapage, de la structure de la “tight junction” montre l'apparition dans ces conditions de plages plus ou moins circulaires où la membrane présente un aspect lisse et apparemment distendu et où la structure typique de la “tight junction” a disparu. Ces modifications rétrocèdent après stimulation hormonale et ceci conduit à penser qu'elles ne sont pas impliquées dans la réspone hydrosomotique physiologique.
    Notes: Summary The role of the tight junction in the hydrosmotic response of the frog urinary bladder has been analysed by comparative kinetic studies and freeze etching examination. The comparison of the time course of the variations in transepithelial water net flux and of the alterations of tight junction ultrastructure in bladders exposed to mucosal hyperosmolar solutions shows that blisters are present in the tight junction before any increase in transepithelial water net flux. This indicates that the two phenomena are dissociated. In the same experimental conditions, freeze etching examination shows the presence in the tight junction of large areas of smooth and apparently stretched membrane where the typical network structure has disappeared. These alterations are reduced by further treatment with oxytocin and are probably not involved in the physiological hydrosomotic response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223731
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    Myofibroblasts in the rat testicular capsule (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 154 (1974), S. 533-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Myofibroblasts ; Testicular capsule (rat) ; Connective tissue ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A specialized type of fibroblast occurs in the testicular capsule of adult rats. The flattened cells are characterized by bundles of cytoplasmic filaments. Filament bundles run parallel to the cell surface and insert in plaques of granular, electron dense material which is attached to the inner surface of the plasma membrane (attachment zones). Cytoplasmic filaments measure 60–80 Å in diameter. Sporadically plaques of basal lamina-like material are found, especially in the region of attachment zones. These specialized fibroblasts are interpreted as myofibroblasts. It is supposed that contractility of the testicular capsule in rats is caused by myofibroblasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219672
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  • 42
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    The ultrastructure of the sinus gland of Carcinus maenas (Crustacea: Decapoda) (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 155 (1974), S. 117-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sinus gland ; Carcinus maenas (Crustacea, Decapoda) ; Nerve fibre cell types ; Neurosecretion ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The sinus gland of Carcinus maenas consists of the swollen axonal endings of the neurosecretory cells of the major ganglia and acts as a storage release centre for the membrane bound neurosecretory material. These neurosecretory granules fall into five different types based on size and electron density. Their contents are released by exocytosis of the primary granules or smaller units budded from the primary granules.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220288
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    Localization of microfilaments in prolactin cells of the rat anterior pituitary gland (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 155 (1974), S. 193-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Microfilaments ; Prolactin cells ; Anterior pituitary ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Prolactin cells from anterior pituitary glands of normal non-lactating female rats, and lactating animals, some of which were separated from their pups for 48 hours, were examined ultrastructurally for the presence of microfilaments. Microfilaments were found in specific intracellular locations in all cells examined. They were in association with the nuclear envelope, the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, small vesicles of the endoplasmic reticulum, and secretory granules. The possible role of microfilaments in the movement of intracellular organelles is considered.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221353
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  • 44
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    An ultrastructural and electrophysiological study of the development of neuro-muscular junctions between previously dissociated foetal rat cells in vitro (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 155 (1974), S. 269-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuromuscular junctions ; Development in vitro ; Electron microscopy ; Electrophysiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of neuro-muscular junctions between previously dissociated foetal rat spinal cord and somatic muscle has been investigated. The first indications of junction formation, both ultrastructurally and electrophysiologically, were observed after circa 18 days in vitro. The junctions contained numerous vesicles, but no secondary folds were developed even after 6 weeks in culture, and synaptic densities were not well marked. Functional endplates were found, and action potentials, endplate potentials and miniature endplate potentials recorded.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221359
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  • 45
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural study of arterio-venous anastomoses in gill filaments of Tilapia mossambica (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 155 (1974), S. 491-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gills ; Tilapia mossambica ; Arterio-venous anastomoses ; Specialized endothelia ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Arterio-venous anastomoses (AVA) in gill filaments of Tilapia mossambica exhibit a distinct polarity. Two different types of highly specialized endothelial cells, both of epitheloid shape, line these vessels: Type I cells, contacting the arterial lumen, are elongated and about two to three times as large as type II endothelial cells. Their surface is increased by tentacular protrusions which reach far into the arterial lumen. Filament whorls forming tubelike structures with centrally located glycogen granules are abundant in these cells. Type II endothelial cells are located proximal to the central venous sinus (CVS). Their less abundant and more electron dense cytoplasm is free of filament whorls. There are also intermediate cell forms at approximately the middle of each anastomosis. Short cell processes protrude from all endothelial cell types into the AVA lumen. Outside the indistinct vascular basement lamina, a layer of cover cells tightly envelopes the AVA. These cells are, however, absent around the part of the AVA adjacent to the CVS. Here the endothelial cells are in immediate contact with the interstitium. Endothelial cells sheathed by cover cells reach the interstitium through basal foot processes. Nerve fibre bundles regularly come into close contact with the AVAs. Possible functions of the AVAs, including osmoreception are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227011
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    Production and fates of unique organelles (transosomes) in ovarian follicles of Gallus domesticus under various conditions (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 156 (1974), S. 47-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Avian follicles ; Oocytes ; Transosomes ; Lysosomes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopy has been utilized to determine fates of sacs of ribosomes (variously termed “transosomes”, “unique organelles”, or “lining bodies”) formed in the follicular cells of avian follicles and subsequently entering-or being taken in-by the oocytes. Small follicles (0.5 mm diameter) of laying hens, a hen afflicted with Marek's disease and prelaying pullets were examined in this regard. In the case of the hen with Marek's disease and the prelaying pullets, sacs of ribosomes were found to be present within the oocyte but those present in the interior of the cell were in the form of digestive vacuoles. In a fourth group of hens, receiving actinomycin D, larger oocytes (2.0 mm diameter) exhibited breakdown of the membranous vesicles in which the sacs of ribosomes entered the oocyte, as well as dissolution of membranes surrounding the forming yolk granules and the membranes of coated vesicles. Annulate lamellae were present in oocytes of the hen afflicted with Marek's disease and appeared within at least 24 hours in oocytes from hens receiving actinomycin D.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220101
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  • 47
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    Umweltschutz (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 49-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050112
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    Einführung in die Elektrochemie fester Stoffe. Von H. Rickert, Universität Dortmund. 1. Auflage, Springer-Verlag Berlin - Heidelberg - New York 1973. 223 Seiten, 64 Bilder, gebunden. Preis DM 46, - , US-Dollar 18,90 (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 51-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050114
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    Grundlagen metallischer Werkstoffe, Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz. Von einem Autorenkollektiv. 1. Auflage, VEB Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig 1973. 147 Seiten, 99 Bilder, 14 Tabellen, Kunststoffolie. Preis 9, -  M (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 52-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050122
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  • 50
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    Rohr-Innendruck-Zeitstanduntersuchungen bei überlagerter Heißdampf-Korrosion Versuchsaufbau, Methode und Prüfung von Rohrmaterial der Legierung Incoloy 800 (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 34-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Stress-Rupture Testing of Tubing under Superimposed Steam Corrosion Attack. Experimental Set-Up, Method, and Results of Incoloy Alloy 800 Tube Long-Time Testing. A special experimental set-up was built for long-time stress-rupture testing of tubing under biaxial stresses and superimposed steam corrosion attack. The principles of its construction and the applied testing method, but also the results of Incoloy Alloy 800 thin wall tube testing at constant load, pressurized with argon or steam, are described.At 650 and 700 °C the mechanical properties (strength, ductility) were not influenced by the superimposed corrosion attack. The increase in surface and bulk oxidation, varying with the stress level, is explained by the influence of creep rate and the state of surface oxidation at the time of exposure when the tertiary creep is beginning to be effective.
    Notes: Zur Messung der Zeitstandfestigkeit von Rohrmaterial bei dreiachsiger Beanspruchung und überlagerter Heißdampf-Korrosion wurde ein eigener Prüfstand erstellt. Es werden die Prinzipien seines Aufbaues und der angewandten Prüfmethode sowie die Ergebnisse von Zeitstand Untersuchungen an dünnwandigen Rohren der Legierung Incoloy 800 in Argon und überhitztem Wasserdampf beschrieben.Sie zeigen, daß bei 650 und 700 °C die Festigkeit und die Dehnung dieser Legierung durch den oxidativen Angriff nicht verändert werden. Die verstärkte Korrosion wird hinsichtlich ihres unterschiedlichen Ausmaßes und Oxidwachstums durch den Einfluß der Kriechgeschwindigkeit und des Oxidationszustandes der Oberfläche zum Zeitpunkt des Einsetzens des tertiären Abschnittes der Kriechkurve erklärt.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050107
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    Allgemeine Werkstoffkunde für Ingenieurschulen. Autorenkollektiv unter Federführung von Fachschuldozent Dipl.-Ing. H. Opitz. 7. verbesserte Auflage, VEB Fachbuchverlag, Leipzig 1973. 307 Seiten, 227 Bilder, 64 Tabellen. Halbgewebeeinb. Preis 12,80 M (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 51-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050113
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  • 52
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    Baustoffe für tragende Bauteile. Band 3: Metallische Stoffe: Stahl, Aluminium, Metallkorrosion. Von Prof Dr.-Ing. Karlhans Wesche. 1. Auflage, Bauverlag GmbH, Wiesbaden und Berlin 1973. 156 Seiten, viele Bilder, viele Tabellen, 17 × 23 cm. Glanzfolie. Preis DM 28, -  (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 51-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050117
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    Bruchmechanik. Grundlagen, Prüfmethoden, Anwendungsgebiete. Von Prof. Dr. sc. techn. Horst Blumenauer u. Dr.-Ing. Gerhard Pusch. 1. Auflage, VEB Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig 1973. 138 Seiten, 105 Bilder, 20 Tabellen, DIN A 5. Preis 14,80 M (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 52-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050121
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  • 54
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    Masthead (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050201
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  • 55
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    Torsionswechselversuch mit kaltpreßgeschweißten Zirkonium/Stahl-Proben (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 72-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Torsional cycling of cold pressure welded zirconium/steel-specimens. Low-cycle fatigue of cold pressure welder zirconium/steel-specimens has been studied in cyclic torsion. The critical number of cycles Ncr instead of the number of cycles to final failure Nf is taken for evaluation of the endurance life in low-cycle fatigue. Ncr is defined as the number of cycles leading to the formation of a crack which noticeably weakens the specimen. The relationship NKra · Δγ = const. is achieved for bonded specimens. The results have been correlated with the observations in unwelded zirconium and steel to predict the endurance life of bonded specimens. Microstructure studies revealed crack initiation at points of intense slip in zirconium. Fracture occured always in zirconium outside the welded zone.
    Notes: Plastoermüdung (low-cycle fatigue) an kaltpreßgeschweißten Zirkonium/Stahl-Proben wurde im Torsionswechselversuch untersucht. Zur Bestimmung der Lebensdauer bei Plastoermüdung wurde die kritische Lastspielzahl NKr anstelle der Bruchlastspielzahl NB verwendet. NKr ist die Lastspielzahl, bei der Risse auftreten, die die Probe merklich schwächen. Der Zusammenhang NKra. Δγ = C wurde auch für geschweißte Proben gewonnen. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit den Beobachtungen an ungeschweißten Proben in Zusammenhang gebracht, um die Lebensdauer der geschweißten Proben voraussagen zu können. Mikroskopische Untersuchungen zeigten die Anrißbildung an Stellen intensiver Gleitung in Zirkonium. Der Bruch erfolgte immer außerhalb der Schweißnaht im Zirkonium.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050205
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  • 56
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    Holographische Schwingungsanalyse (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 138-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Holographic Vibration Analysis. With the time averaging method of the holographic interferometry it is possible to measure the vibration amplitudes of models excited by natural or forced vibration. The models must not be plane and only opaque reflecting. In a few examples we demonstrate the determination of stress distributions on complicated solid structures (value plates) and fluid-solid systems. Such vibration states also occur after short time loading in the following steady state. We use a periodic excitation with frequencies between 100 Hz and 10 kHz and vibration amplitudes of about 1 μm. Edge stresses of about 10 kp/cm2 are measured on a vibrating valve plate with a thickness of 0,5 mm. The investigation of fluid-solid systems shows a diminuition of the natural frequency caused by the fluid component.
    Notes: Mit dem Zeitmittelungsverfahren der holographischen Interferometrie lassen sich bekanntlich die Schwingungsamplituden von Bauteilen, die durch Eigenschwingungen oder erzwungene Schwingungen hervorgerufen werden, auch an nicht ebenen und nicht spiegelnden Modellen bestimmen. Es wird gezeigt, wie man bei komplizierten geometrischen Strukturen (Ventilplatten) sowie festflüssigen Systemen Schwingungszustände quantitativ ermitteln kann, wie sie auch nach kurzzeitiger Belastung im darauf folgenden eingeschwungenen Zustand auftreten. Es wurde eine periodische Anregung mit einer Frequenz zwischen 100 Hz und 10 kHz und eine Schwingungsamplitude von ca. 1 μm benutzt. Dabei wurden Biegespannungsamplituden von ca. 10 kp/cm2 bei einer 0.5 mm dicken Ventilplatte gemessen. Bei den untersuchten festflüssigen Systemen wurde eine Verringerung der Eigenfrequenz durch die flüssige Komponente festgestellt.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050307
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    Der Einfluß von Niob auf die Zeitstandfestigkeit von Schleudergußlegierungen mit 25% Chrom und 20% NickelHerrn Professor Dr.-Ing. E. h. Helmut Wagner zur Vollendung seines 65. Lebensjahres gewidmet (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 155-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Influence of Niobium on the Creep Rupture Strength of Centrifugally Cast Alloys Containing 25% Chromium and 20% Nickel. The material most frequently used in chemical furnace construction is G-X 40 CrNiSi 25 20 steel. Because of the change to larger units and the increase in operating pressure and temperature it is often no longer possible to obtain sufficiently long on-stream times with this alloy. The development consequently turned to new alloy variants which held out promise of an improved creep rupture strength, with undiminished resistance to corrosion. By adding niobium to alloys containing 25% chromium and 20% nickel it is possible to improve the thermal stability of centrifugal castings. The creep rupture strength data of two niobium-containing melts of this type of steel were determined experimentally. The creep rupture strength characteristics of the CrNi-containing centrifugally cast alloys with and without niobium was compared by platting the scatter jointly on one chart.
    Notes: Der im Chemieofenbau zur Zeit am häufigsten verwendete Werkstoff ist der G-X 40 CrNiSi 25 20. Durch den Übergang zu größeren Einheiten und das Ansteigen von Druck und Temperatur lassen sich mit dieser Legierung vielfach keine ausreichend langen Betriebszeiten mehr erreichen. Die Entwicklung ging daher zu neuen Legierungsvarianten, die eine bessere Zeitstandfestigkeit bei unverminderter Korrosionsbeständigkeit versprachen. Durch das Zulegieren von Niob läßt sich die Warmfestigkeit der Schleudergußqualitäten mit 25 % Chrom und 20 % Nickel verbessern. Die Zeitstandfestigkeitskennwerte von zwei niobhaltigen Schmelzen dieses Stahltyps wurden in Versuchen ermittelt. Der Vergleich der Zeitstandfestigkeitskennwerte der CrNi-haltigen Schleudergußsorten mit und ohne Niob ist anhand eines gemeinsamen Streubandes durchgeführt worden.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050310
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    Firmennachrichten (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 172-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050315
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  • 59
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    Mechanische Eigenschaften und Haftung von Zunderschichten - Einfluß auf die Oxidation von Metallen-. Von A. Rahmel, Frankfurt/Main, und J. Manenc, Saint-Germain-en-Laye. Schriftenreihe Korrosion 24. 1. Auflage, 1973, Verlag Chemie GmbH, Weinheim. 91 Seiten, 132 Bilder, 18 Tabellen (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 175-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050319
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    Hochtemperatur-Plastizität. Von B. Ilschner, Erlangen-Nürnberg. Reine und angewandte Metallkunde in Einzeldarstellungen: Herausgeber: W. Köster, 1. Auflage, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1973, 314 Seiten, 123 Bilder, gebunden DM 58,-; US-Dollar 23,80 (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 176-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050322
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  • 61
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    Veranstaltungskalender (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. A38 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050513
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  • 62
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    Gesetzmäßigkeiten im Verhalten duroplastischer Kunststoffe auf der Basis von Phenolharz (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 324-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Procedure of behavior of phenolic moulded material. Investigations of composites (multiphase systems) from resin/wood flour/stone powder show that the properties of these phenolic plastics are connected with composition of material and technical climate.The knowledge of these connections allows an economic selection of parts produced by moulded material for various requirements.
    Notes: Untersuchungen an duroplastischen Formstoffen, bestehend aus den Hauptkomponenten Harz/Holzmehl/Gesteinsmehl, zeigen, daß eindeutige Zusammenhänge zwischen Zusammensetzung dieser Teilchenverbundwerkstoffe, technoklimatischer Einflüsse und der daraus resultierenden Werkstoffeigenschaften bestehen. Die Kenntnis dieser Zusammenhänge ermöglicht eine wirtschaftliche Werkstoffauswahl und ein werkstoffgerechtes Dimensionieren von Bauteilen, die aus duroplastischen Formmassen hergestellt sind.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050608
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  • 63
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    Probleme der Kriechstromfestigkeit: Untersuchungen über den Einfluß der Prüflösung (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 437-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Problems of Tracking Tests: Influence of the Test Solution. This Paper reports on the influence of different electrolyts to the results of tracking tests. Specially the influence of the resistivity and the chemical components were explored. 34 materials were tested and the measured values of 16 are fixed in a table. In case of some of them the results are graphically described.
    Notes: Es wird über die Auswirkung unterschiedlicher Prüflösungen auf das Ergebnis der Kriechstromfestigkeits-Prüfung von Isolierstoffen berichtet. Besonders wird der Einfluß des spezifischen Widerstandes und der chemischen Zusammensetzung der Prüflösung untersucht. Die Ergebnisse sind graphisch für einige Beispiele dargestellt und tabellarisch für 16 von 34 untersuchten Isolierstoffen zusammengefaßt.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050807
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    Nachruf für Herrn Professor Dr. phil. Adolf Rose (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 390-390 
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050708
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  • 65
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    Firmennachrichten (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 451-451 
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050810
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  • 66
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    Kurze Informationen (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 448-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050809
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    Zum Einfluß wechselnder Temperaturen auf das Zeitstandverhalten von NickellegierungenDie Arbeit wurde vom Bundesministerium für Verteidigung mit Mitteln aus dem Programm Zukunfts-Technik-Luftfahrt unterstützt. (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 258-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Effect of Alternating Temperatures on the Creep Strength of Nickel Alloys. The design of parts for duty under creep stresses, such as turbine blades, had conventionally been rested on the assumption of linearly accumulating damage in the presence of alternating temperatures. Experimental work on nickel alloys has now shown that the damage will not generally accumulate linearly. Temperature alternations, when superimposed upon creep stresses, will cause multiplicative damage by impairing the creep strength and on occasion substantially promoting creep.
    Notes: Beim Auslegen zeitstandbeanspruchter Teile, wie Turbinenschaufeln, wird bisher unter wechselnden Temperaturen eine lineare Schadenssummierung angenommen. Versuche an Nickellegierungen zeigen, daß lineare Schadenssummierung im allgemeinen nicht zutrifft. Der Zeitstandbeanspruchung überlagerte Temperaturwechsel schädigen multiplikativ durch Vermindern der Zeitstandfestigkeit und teilweise erheblichem Erhöhen des Kriechens.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050506
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    Firmennachrichten (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 279-281 
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050511
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  • 69
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    Masthead (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050601
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    Werkstoffzuverlässigkeit in der Tribologie (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 308-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Reliability of Materials in Tribology. The reliability of materials is, in general, reduced by lack of knowledge or the disregard of reaction mechanisms, by the disturbance of chemical or physical conditions of equilibrium and by changes in systems (e. g. combinations of materials, manufacturing processes, interaction with the environment etc.) entailing serious consequences.In the field of tribology, the following examples may be encountered:- Reaction mechanisms: Irreversible single threshold value: Transition from a metastable to a stable system; Crystallisation of synthetic materials; Abrasion phenomena with coating layers. Reversible threshold value: Volume change due to changes in physical state; Reversible structural transition. Irreversible cumulative threshold value: Influence of light on the resinification of lubricants; Crack development in the case of fatigue failures; Structurally unstable surface layers; Structural ageing phenomena.- Equilibrium: Wear/repolishing equilibrium; Tribological equilibrium of the surface structure; Compatibility of bearing materials; Consumption of additives in lubricating oil; Tribology and corrosion.- Interactions and system changes: General influence of basic materials; Interactions and catalysis; Evaporation of synthetic materials; Cleaning systems; Vibration.
    Notes: Die Zuverlässigkeit wird bei Werkstoffen im wesentlichen durch Unkenntnis oder Nichtbeachtung von Reaktionsmechanismen, durch Störung von chemischen oder physikalischen Gleichgewichten und durch folgenschwere Änderungen in Systemen (Werkstoffkombinationen, Fabrikationsabläufe, Wechselwirkung mit Umgebung usw.) beeinträchtigt. Auf das Gebiet der Tribologie übertragen, ergeben sich etwa folgenden Beispiele:- Reaktionsmechanismen: Irreversibler oder einfacher Schwellenwert; Übergang von einem metastabilen in ein stabiles System; Abrieberscheinungen bei Deckschichten. Reversibler Schwellenwert: Volumenänderung bei Änderungen des Aggregatzustandes; reversible Strukturumwandlungen. Irreversibler kumulativer Schwellenwert; Lichteinfluß auf die Verharzung von Schmiermitteln. Rißausbreitung bei Dauerschwingbrüchen; strukturinstabile Oberflächenschichten; strukturelle Alterungsvorgänge.- Gleichgewichte: Abnützungs/Repolitur-Gleichgewicht; tribologisches Gleichgewicht der Oberflächenstruktur; Kompatibilität von Lagerwerkstoffen; Aufbrauchen von Additiven im Schmieröl; Tribologie und Korrosion.- Wechselwirkungen und Systemänderungen: Einfluß der Grundwerkstoffe allgemein; Wechselwirkungen und Katalyse; Kunststoffausdünstungen; Reinigungssysteme; Vibrationen.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050605
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    Zerstörung von Hubschrauberturbinen durch Einsatz eines Stahles in korrosionsanfälligem Zustand bei gleichzeitig nicht werkstoffgerechter Konstruktion (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 9-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Failure of Helicopter Turbines Caused by Use of Steel in Corrodible Condition Aggravated by Incorrect Construction. Impeller compressors of steel X 15 Cr 13 were not drawn up as usual to 725 °C but only to 540 °C after hardening, in order to maintain high strength. By this treatment the steel becomes especially sensitive to corrosion, because a network of Chromium carbide is precipitated on the former austenit grain boundaries. Nevertheless the impellers reached the stipulated lifetime, since the corrosive agent  -  the condensed moisture of the air  -  is eliminated by centrifugal force. After an apparently insignificant variation of construction, the water was retained in a rim and the impellers were destructed due to stress corrosion and corrosion fatigue.
    Notes: Axialverdichterräder aus Turbinenschaufelstahl X 15 Cr 13 wurden nach dem Härten nicht wie üblich auf 725 °C, sondern nur auf 540 °C angelassen, um eine möglichst hohe Festigkeit zu erzielen. Der Stahl wird durch diese Behandlung besonders korrosionsanfällig, da sich ein Netz von Chromkarbiden auf den ehemaligen Austenitkorngrenzen ausscheidet. Die Räder erreichten dennoch die vorgeschriebene Lebensdauer, weil die als Korrosionsmedium wirkende, aus der anströmenden Luft niedergeschlagene Feuchtigkeit aufgrund der hohen Fliehkraft abgeschleudert wurde. Durch eine anscheinend unbedeutende konstruktive Änderung  -  das Andrehen eines Wuchtringes  -  wurde die Feuchtigkeit jedoch gestaut, so daß die Räder infolge von Spannungs- bzw. von Schwingungsrißkorrosion brachen.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050103
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    Firmennachrichten (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 46-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050111
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  • 73
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    Neue Produkte, Maschinen, Geräte und Arbeitsverfahren (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 43-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050110
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  • 74
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    Datenverarbeitung für Ingenieure des Maschinenbaus und der Elektrotechnik. Von Dr. W. Haacke. 1. Auflage, B. G. Teubner, Stuttgart 1973. 315 Seiten, 204 Bilder und Tafeln, DIN C 5, kart. Preis DM 29, -  (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 51-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050116
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  • 75
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    Prüfung und Untersuchung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit von Stählen. Verein Deutscher Eisenhüttenleute, Bearbeitet vom Unterausschuß für Korrosion des Werkstoffausschusses. 1. Auflage, Verlag Stahleisen mbH., Düsseldorf, 1973, 120 Seiten, 140 Bilder, 10 Tafeln, Größe DIN 5 VIII Preis DM 42, -  (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 108-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050214
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  • 76
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    Electronic Resource
    Zur Problematik der zerstörungsfreien Materialprüfung (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 109-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Problems of Non-Destructive Testing [NDT]. It is the main aim of NDT, to look for symptoms, being qualitatively reliable, and characteristics, being quantitatively evaluable, of voluminous flaws, discontinuities and other imperfections, and to do this without any damage of the workpiece. If defects or imperfections are detected, in addition to that, a statement about their actual importance and their avoidance in future must be given. In combination with that, conclusions about kind, conditions, and, consequently, about properties of processing and practical use of the inspected material must be drawn, either from the workpiece itself or from specially required specimens, but again without any damage, i. l. the specimens remaining applicable for other investigations. The real problems of nondestructive inspection of materials and components are  -  besides from reliable further development of inspection methods  -  the combination of test result with result of stress analysis, related to properties and stress of the inspected material. A systematical survey of possibilities of destructive and nondestructive materials testing may be helpful to find a solution of these problems.
    Notes: Die Suche nach qualitativ zuverlässigen Symptomen und quantitativ auswertbaren Kennwerten für Volumenfehler, Trennungen und andere Unstetigkeiten in Werkstücken ohne deren Verletzung und verbunden mit der Aussage über die praktische Bedeutung und künftige Vermeidbarkeit etwa gefundener Mängel oder Fehler ist die Aufgabe der zerstörungsfreien Materialprüfung. Die Aufgabe der mit ihr verbundenen zerstörungsfreien Werkstoffprüfung ist, Aussagen über die Art, den Zustand und wichtige, dadurch bedingte Verarbeitungs- und Gebrauchseigenschaften von Werkstoffen wenn möglich am Werkstück selbst oder an dafür erforderlichen, aber für weitere Untersuchungen verwendbaren Proben ohne deren Beschädigung zu gewinnen. Die eigentliche Problematik der zerstörungsfreien Material- und Werkstoffprüfung ist neben einer verläßlichen Weiterentwicklung und Anwendung dieser Verfahren deren schlußfolgernde Verbindung mit den Erkenntnissen der werkstoff- und beanspruchungsbezogenen Festigkeitsforschung. Eine systematische Übersicht über die Aussagemöglichkeiten der zerstörenden und der nichtzerstörenden Material- und Werkstoffprüfung kann die Lösung dieser Problematik fördern helfen.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050302
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  • 77
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    Pitting by Sea Water of austenitic stainless steel (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 81-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Lochfraß an einem austenitischen Stahl. Wärmetauscher in einer Schwefelsäurefabrik waren mit Rohren aus Nicrofer 3620 bestückt. Als Kühlmedium diente Meerwasser. Innerhalb 5 Wochen nach Inbetriebnahme fielen mehrere Rohre durch Lochfraß aus. Dies bestätigt erneut, daß rostbeständige Stähle ohne Molybdän für derartige Einsatzfälle nicht geeignet sind.
    Notes: A sulfuric acid plant was equipped with heat exchangers with Nicrofer 3620 tubing. The cooling medium was sea water. Within 5 weeks after start-up some of the tubes failed by pitting, showing that it is impossible to use stainless steel as a heat transfer material in sea water unless the molybdenum content is very high.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050207
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  • 78
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    Firmennachrichten (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 105-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050211
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  • 79
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    Maschinenteile, Band 2. Köhler/Rögnitz herausgegeben von Dr.- Ing. J. Pokorny; 4. neubearbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. Verlag B. G. Teubner, Stuttgart 1973, VIII 353 Seiten, 291 Bilder, 88 Tafeln, DIN C 5, Preis DM 49, -  (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 108-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050215
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  • 80
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    Electronic Resource
    Anwendung der holografischen Interferometrie in der zerstörungsfreien Werkstoffprüfung (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 128-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Usage of Holographic Interferometry for Non-Destructive Materials Testing. Holographic interferometry has meanwhile developed into a usable method for non-destructive materials testing, which permits even large-area components to be tested by using high-power lasers. Recording the fringe structures makes a subsequent detailed resolution evaluation possible. Appraisal of the video recordings makes the origin and change of the secondary interference fringes clearly recognizable and interpretable and thus substantiates very informatively the introduction of holographic interferometry for non-destructive materials testing.
    Notes: Die holografische Interferometrie hat sich inzwischen zu einer brauchbaren Methode der zerstörungsfreien Werkstoffprüfung entwickelt, wobei durch den Einsatz leistungsstarker Laser auch großflächige Bauelemente untersucht werden können. Durch Aufzeichnung der Streifenstrukturen wird eine detailliert auflösbare spätere Auswertung ermöglicht. Die Begutachtung von Video-Aufzeichnungen macht das Entstehen und die Änderung von sekundären Interferenzstreifen deutlich erkennbar und deutbar und begründet so sehr aufschlußreich die Einführung der holografischen Interferometrie in die zerstörungsfreie Werkstoffprüfung.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050305
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  • 81
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    Lasertechnik in der zerstörungsfreien Werkstoffprüfung  -  ein neues holographisches Verfahren (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 142-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Non-destructive Testing by Laser Measuring Techniques  -  A New Holographic Method. Holographic Non Destructive Testing is well suited for materials with a low elasticity modulus or bad heat conductivity, like rubber, metal-rubber-connections, adhesive connections, plastics, and fiber-reinforced plastics. The advantage of holographic testing lies in the fact that a near to true stress is possible. This stress occurs with only a fraction of the force necessary to damage the part. In many cases there is a relation between the holographic evidence and the breaking limit. By a new method the evaluation of the holograms is much more easier, because only objects with defects are showing deformation fringes.
    Notes: In der zerstörungsfreien Werkstoffprüfung findet die Holographie vorzugsweise bei Werkstoffen mit niedrigem Elastizitätsmodul oder schlechten Wärmeleiteigenschaften (beispielsweise Gummi, Metall-Gummi-Verbindungen, Verklebungen, Kunststoffen, verstärkten Kunststoffen) Anwendung. Es ist aber auch eine Prüfung von metallischen Teilen möglich.Der Vorteil der holographischen Prüfung liegt in der Möglichkeit einer wirklichkeitsnahen Beanspruchung. Diese Beanspruchung geschieht nur mit einem Bruchteil der Last, die zur Zerstörung des Teils führen würde. In vielen Fällen läßt sich also eine Relevanz zwischen holographischer Aussage und der Bruchgrenze eines Bauteils angeben. Durch ein neues Verfahren läßt sich die Auswertung der holographischen Aufnahmen wesentlich vereinfachen, so daß nur Teile mit Fehlern Verformungslinien aufweisen.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050308
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  • 82
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    Die Qualitätsprüfung geschweißter Rohre in der Schweißstraße unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Indikation der Kalt- oder Mattschweißung (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 159-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Testing of Welded Pipes to Indicate Pasting or Stuck Welding. Inspecting the seams of continuously welded tubes by the aid of electromagnetic or ultrasonic methods it was up to now impossible to indicate the so-called „pasting“ or „stuck welding“. This defect causes no discontinuities but results in a reduced strength of the welding. By additionally using an infrared method by which the welding seam is scanned 1000 times per second immediately after the weld station over a width of 1 mm, the transformation of energy which answers for the occurence of the above mentioned defect can be traced minutely. Two infrared scanners at a distance of about 50 cm inform about any internal or external undertemperature during the welding process. Hereby, the last up to now undetectable weld defect can be indicated by an automatic test equipment, too.
    Notes: Bei der Schweißnahtprüfung von kontinuierlich geschweißten Rohren mit elektromagnetischen und Ultraschallverfahren war es bisher nicht möglich, einen Schweißfehler, nämlich die sogenannte Kalt- oder Mattschweißung zur Anzeige zu bringen. Diese Fehlererscheinung äußert sich durch keinerlei Diskontinuitäten, sondern lediglich durch Verringerung der Festigkeit der Schweißnaht. Durch zusätzliche Verwendung eines Infrarotverfahrens mit 1000 Abtastungen der Schweißnaht pro Sekunde in einer Breite von 1 mm unmittelbar hinter der Schweißung läßt sich der Energieumsatz, der für diese Fehlererscheinung verantwortlich ist, genau verfolgen. Durch Verwendung von zwei Infrarot-Scannern, die etwa 50 cm auseinanderliegen, ergibt sich eine Analyse, in welchem Nahtbereich innen oder außen Untertemperatur beim Schweißen geherrscht hat. Damit wird auch der letzte bisher nicht erkennbare Schweißfehler durch eine automatische Prüfanlage erfaßt.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050311
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  • 83
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    High Temperature Brittle Fracture of Austenitic Stainless Flange (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 217-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Hochtemperatur-Sprödbruch eines Flansches aus austenitischem Stahl. Ein angeschweißter Flansch aus dem rostbeständigen Stahl Typ 321 riß einen Monat nach der Installation. Er war am Ausgang des Abhitzekessels im Reformergasteil einer Ammoniakanlage angeordnet. Ein zuvor eingebauter Flansch aus dem gleichen Werkstoff war hingegen erst nach 4 2/3 Jahren zu Bruch gegangen, und zwar infolge Kriechens.Der neuerlich eingetretene Kurzzeitschaden zeigte im wesentliche interkristallinen Rißverlauf, hatte jedoch nicht das für einen Zeitstandbruch typische Aussehen. Da das Gefüge Sigmaphase aufwies, die während des Betriebes nicht entstanden sein konnte, mußte die Schadensursache in der Wärmebehandlung gesucht werden.
    Notes: A 321 SS 16″ 400 lb. flange, located at the exit of the waste heat boiler in a reformer gas line, was subjected to high line expansions stresses. It failed in creep rupture after 4 2/3 years. An expansion joint was installed to absorb the line stresses. The new 321 flange broke in 30 days. The fracture was mostly intergranular but definitely not of the creep type. Large stringers in the matrix, associated with the forging direction, were identified as sigma phase. Since process temperature was 1135 °F and metal temperature 890 °F, the formation of sigma by process conditions within 30 days was highly unlikely. Heat treating parameters which could have caused this condition were established.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050409
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  • 84
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    Die wichtigsten physikalischen Eigenschaften von 52 Eisenwerkstoffen. Von F. Richter. Stahleisen-Sonderbericht Heft 8. 1. Auflage, Verlag Stahleisen m.b.H. Düsseldorf 1973. 32 Seiten, 13 Bilder, DIN A 4., kart., Preis DM 22,- (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 232-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050419
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  • 85
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    Wasserstoffversprödung von Titan und Titanlegierungen (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 233-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Hydrogen-embrittlement of Titanium and Titanium-Alloys. The influence of hydrogen-embrittlement on mechanical properties, especially on plastic deformation of titanium and its alloys is described. Even less than 200 ppm H may result in embrittlement. Titanium is sensitive to hydrogen-embrittlement at high speed of deformation; titanium-alloys in a notched condition at low speed of deformation. Hydrogen dissolution can be avoided or diminished by thin oxide layers. The connection between hydrogen-embrittlement and stresscorrosion-cracking is shown on different examples. Alloys with high content of aluminium are most sensitive against this sort of embrittlement.
    Notes: Der Einfluß einer Wasserstoffversprödung auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften, insbesondere die plastische Verformung von Titan und seinen Legierungen werden beschrieben. Bereits geringe Anteile von Wasserstoff in der Größenordnung von ≦ 200 ppm können sich ungünstig auswirken. Titan ist bei einer hohen Verformungsgeschwindigkeit und Titanlegierungen sind bei einer niedrigen Verformungsgeschwindigkeit insbesondere im gekerbten Zustand empfindlich gegen die Wasserstoffversprödung. Durch dünne Oxidschichten kann die Wasserstoffaufnahme verhindert oder vermindert werden. An verschiedenen Beispielen wird der enge Zusammenhang zwischen Wasserstoffversprödung und Spannungsrißkorrosion aufgezeigt. Legierungen mit hohen Gehalten an Aluminium sind besonders empfindlich gegen diese Art der Versprödung.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050502
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    Berichtigung (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 273-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050508
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  • 87
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    Firmennachrichten (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 279-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050510
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  • 88
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    Vorschau (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. A38 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050514
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  • 89
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    Schwingfestigkeit. Von Autorenkollektiv Dr.-Ing. W. Günther. 1. Auflage, VEB Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig 1974. 448 Seiten, 350 Bilder, 16,5 x 23 cm, Leinen. Preis DM 60,- (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 231-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050415
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  • 90
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    Strahlenschutz. Radioaktive Stoffe - Röntgengeräte. Von H. Schmatz und M. Nöthlichs. Ergänzbare Auflage, Erich Schmidt Verlag Berlin, 1973. 506 Seiten, DIN A 5, einschl. Plastikordner Preis DM 49,- (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 232-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050420
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  • 91
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    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050501
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  • 92
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    Veranstaltungskalender (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. A30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050422
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  • 93
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    Ultraschallverfahren zur Bestimmung der Anzahl von Einschlüssen in Materialproben  -  eine kritische Betrachtung empfohlener MethodenErweiterte Fassung eines Vortrags von der Jahrestagung der DGZfP 1973 in Salzburg/Freilassing (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 242-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ultrasonic test procedure to determine the number of inclusions in material samples  -  a critical analysis of recommended methods. To judge the specific properties of metals one tries to determine the quantity and distribution of the non-metallic inclusions. But the microscopic procedures used so far are destructive and do further not refer to the volume, but rather to the surface of the micrograph sample. Contrary to these methods the inspection by ultrasound is non-destructive and wellsuited for the volumetric detection of inclusions. The possibilities of the ultrasonic pulse-echo-method for cleanliness rating are being checked. Based on the respective results there is a critical view on the ultrasonic test methods which have been recommended so far. Proposals will be made how to make the optimum use of the advantages of the ultrasonic inspection when determining the purity degree of a sample.
    Notes: Zur Beurteilung der Gebrauchseigenschaften von Metallen sucht man die Anzahl und die Verteilung der nichtmetallischen Einschlüsse zu bestimmen. Dabei sind die bisher benutzten mikroskopischen Verfahren nicht zerstörungsfrei und auch nicht auf das Volumen, sondern auf die Oberfläche der Schliffproben bezogen. Die Ultraschallprüfung ist demgegenüber zerstörungsfrei und gut zum volumetrischen Nachweis von Einschlüssen geeignet. Untersucht werden die Möglichkeiten des Ultraschall-Impuls-Echo-Verfahrens zur Reinheitsgradbestimmung. Mit den Ergebnissen erfolgt eine kritische Betrachtung der bisher zu diesem Zweck empfohlenen Ultraschallprüfmethoden. Es werden Vorschläge gemacht, wie die Vorteile der Ultraschallprüfung bei der Bestimmung des Reinheitsgrades optimal genutzt werden können.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050503
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  • 94
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    Electronic Resource
    Zeitstanduntersuchungen an Nichteisenmetallen für den Apparatebau (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 262-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Long Term Behaviour of non Iron Metals. In a teamwork of several laboratories the Dechema Specialist Committee „Materials and design in chemical engineering“ investigates the long term behaviour of non iron metals over 50 000 hours. This programme comprises technically pure copper, nickel, aluminium and titanium as well as several alloys of these basic metals if relevant for chemical apparatus. Lead and some of its alloys are tested in a special research programme. This paper deals with the results found on copper 99.9, LC-Nickel 99.2, Aluminium 99.5, pure titanium and the Ni Cu 30 Fe alloy, which have been investigated in the form of unnotched, notched and welded specimens. 1 % creep limit and creep strength data are given for 1000, 10 000 and 50 000 hours as well as their dependence on temperature (between 20 und 650°C).
    Notes: In einem Gemeinschaftsprogramm des Dechema-Fachausschusses „Werkstoffe und Konstruktion im Chemie-Apparatebau“ werden seit einigen Jahren in Zeitstandzugversuchen 50 000 h-Werte für Nichteisenmetalle erarbeitet. Neben technisch reinem Kupfer, Nickel, Aluminium und Titan sind verschiedene Legierungen dieser Basismetalle im Programm, soweit sie für den Apparatebau interessant sind. Daneben läuft ein gesondertes Programm über Blei und Bleilegierungen. Hier wird über die abgeschlossenen Untersuchungen an SF-Kupfer, LC-Nikkel, Aluminium 99,5 und Titan Gruppe III sowie der Legierung NiCu 30 Fe berichtet, die in Form von glatten Proben wie auch im gekerbten Zustand und als Schweißverbindungen untersucht wurden. Die 1 %-Dehngrenze und die Bruchgrenze werden als Zahlenwerte für 1000, 10 000 und 50 000 h sowie in ihrem Verlauf über einen Temperaturbereich von 20 bis 650°C angegeben.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050507
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  • 95
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    Beitrag zur Ermittlung der dynamischen Festigkeit von Thermoplasten in Abhängigkeit vom Fertigungsverfahren (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 429-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Description of Fatique Tests on Plastics. They show how the dynamic strength of plastics are effected by material, shipless cutting, shape cutting and thermal treatment.
    Notes: Es wird die Durchführung von Wöhlerversuchen an Thermoplasten beschrieben. Dabei werden insbesondere die Einflüsse von Werkstoff, Urformverfahren, spanender Fertigung und Temperbehandlung auf die dynamische Festigkeit behandelt.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050806
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  • 96
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    Electronic Resource
    Industrielle Anwendung der technischen Rißbruchmechanik (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 440-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Industrial Application of Fracture Mechanics. The application objects and application possibilities of fracture mechanics are demonstrated discussing typical methods and examples taken from industrial environment. In thrength proving the safe life of the fail safe design is aimed at. The crack intiation concept is confronted with the crack arrest concept. Examples refer to pressure and safety vessels of nuclear reactors, welded connections and gas pipe lines. The material can be selected according to KIc/σF or δc/σF for static loading, or additionally according to varying load amplitude behaviour and corrosion for fatigue. In case of catastrophic failure a fracture mechanical back computation to the reason of failure is possible. KIc and Kc-measurements are used for quality control too.
    Notes: Die Einsatzziele und Einsatzmöglichkeiten der technischen Rißbruchmechanik werden an Hand von typischen Verfahrensweisen und Beispielen aus der industriellen Praxis dargestellt. Beim Festigkeitsnachweis geht es um die bruchsichere (safe life) oder kontrolliert brechende (fail safe) Konstruktion. Dem Rißeinleitungskonzept steht das Rißauffangkonzept gegenüber. Die Beispiele beziehen sich auf Druck- und Sicherheitsbehälter von Kernreaktoren, Schweißverbindungen und Gasrohrleitungen. Der Werkstoff kann bei statischer Beanspruchung nach KIc/σF oder δc/σF gewählt werden, bei Ermüdung zusätzlich nach dem Verhalten bei wechselnder Lastamplitude und bei Korrosion. Bei Schadensfällen kann rißbruchmechanisch auf die Schadensursache zurückgerechnet werden. KIc und Kc-Messungen dienen auch der Qualitätskontrolle.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050808
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  • 97
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    Firmenschriften (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 452-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050811
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  • 98
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    Verhalten von Stählen unter Hohlladungsbeschuß (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 348-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Behaviour of Steels under Shaped Charges Bombardement. There is at present not too much known about the behaviour of steel under the very high pressures of some 100 kbars as they will be produced by the hydrodynamic jet force stream of a shaped charge.In a short revue the hithero existing knowledge of the formation of a jet force stream is given as the phenomens in the penetration process of a material. It is recognized by bombardement tests on iron and steels of different compositions and of different heat treatments that there are some changes of the structure near the boundaries of the penetration channels.There is given some information by light- and electronmicroscopical investigations about the occurence during the hydrodynamic penetration process of the jet force stream and about the behaviour of the different structures under local concentrated pressures of shock waves.Microprobe-analyses and scanning electron microscope micrographs supply the understanding.
    Notes: Über das Verhalten von Stahl unter sehr hohen lokalen Drücken von einigen 100 kbar, wie sie durch den in einer Hohlladung erzeugten hydrodynamischen Strahl auf Stahl auftreten, ist derzeit wenig bekannt.In einer kurzen Übersicht werden die bisherigen Erkenntnisse bei der Bildung eines Strahles sowie die Vorgänge beim Durchdringen von Materie dargestellt. Beschußversuche an Eisen und Stählen unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung und Wärmebehandlung lassen an den Grenzschichten des Schußkanals verschiedene Veränderungen des Gefüges erkennen. Licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen ergeben Aufschluß über die Vorgänge während des Eindringens des hydrodynamischen Energiestrahles sowie über das Verhalten der verschiedenen Gefüge unter örtlich konzentrierten Stoßwellenbelastungen. Mikrosondenuntersuchungen und rasterelektronenmikroskopische Aufnahmen ergänzen das gewonnene Bild.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050703
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  • 99
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    Mechanische Wechselwirkungen an Werkstoffübergängen von Verbundkörpern aus ungleichartigen WerkstoffenMitteilung aus dem Institut für Schweißtechnik und Werkstofftechnologie der Technischen Universität Braunschweig. (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 366-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Mechanical Correlations at Material Transitions in Composite Bodies out of Dissimilar Materials. - Part I: Introduction. This paper gives a general description of the mechanical correlations in composite bodies. The formation and practical importance of the stress- and strain states, caused by the inhomogenous material transition, is discussed. Practicable composite bodies with plain and curved interfaces partly with interlayers are presented. The task and importance of intermediate layers is treated.
    Notes: In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine allgemein gehaltene einführende Beschreibung zum Problem der mechanischen Wechselwirkungen bei Verbundkörpern gegeben und auf die Entstehung und praktische Bedeutung von Spannungs- und Verformungszuständen durch den inhomogenen Werkstoffübergang hingewiesen. Ausgeführte Verbundkörper mit ebenen und gekrümmten Grenzflächen mit und ohne Zwischenschichten werden vorgestellt. Die Aufgabe und Bedeutung von Zwischenschichten wird behandelt.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050705
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050101
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