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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (19,358)
  • 1980-1984  (19,358)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (15,115)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (3,506)
  • Physical Chemistry  (593)
  • Immunohistochemistry
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (19,358)
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Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical reactivity of a monoclonal antibody prepared against human breast carcinoma (1984)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 402 (1984), S. 389-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Monoclonal antibody ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human breast carcinoma ; Epithelial cell marker
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The reactivity profile of an IgM monoclonal antibody, MBR1, raised against the human breast cancer cell line MCF7, was studied in a variety of human tumours and non-neoplastic tissues by light microscopic immunohistochemistry. The range of reactivity included specific types of non-neoplastic epithelial cells and a number of epithelial tumours. Most mammary carcinomas reacted with MBR1, but adenocarcinomas and squamous carcinomas from different sites were also strongly positive. Different patterns of immunoreactivity were apparent in microscopically normal tissues, in tissues with inflammatory changes and in carcinomas. Heterogeneous staining, despite morphological similarities, was documented in neoplastic and non-neoplastic epithelial cells. The reactivity of MBR1 was different from that reported for other monoclonal antibodies, but revealed similarities to that of monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal sera against human milk fat globule membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00734636
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    S-100 protein distribution in liposarcoma An immunoperoxidase study with special reference to the distinction of liposarcoma from myxoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma (1984)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 405 (1984), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Liposarcoma ; Malignant fibrous histiocytoma ; Soft tissue neoplasms ; S-100 protein ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The presence and distribution of S-100 protein were studied in 63 cases of liposarcoma and 20 cases of myxoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), using the immunoperoxidase technique. Normal adipose tissue and benign lipomatous tumours were also studied by the same technique, for purposes of comparison. In all liposarcomas, most of the adipocytes and vacuolated lipoblasts were positive for S-100 protein, although the tumour cells in non-lipogenic areas of dedifferentiated liposarcoma and the non-vacuolated giant cells with a deeply eosinophilic cytoplasm in the pleomorphic liposarcomas were devoid of S-100 protein immunoreaction products. One third of the myxoid type liposarcomas contained numerous immunoreactive, immature-appearing spindle or oval cells, reminiscent of the primitive fat organs of white adipose tissue. Conversely, none of the myxoid MFHs contained S-100 protein in the tumour cells, including the irregularly vacuolated ones. These results suggests that the immunohistochemical demonstration of S-100 protein is a useful diagnostic tool, particularly for the assessment of vacuolated tumour cells and for the diagnosis of myxoid tumours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694921
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical study on the liver in autopsy cases with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) with reference to clinicopathological analysis (1984)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 404 (1984), S. 229-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Disseminated intravascular coagulation ; Liver lesions ; Thrombosis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Fibrin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemical and clinicopathological studies were performed in 27 autopsy cases with indisputable DIC, which had been selected from 1,800 autopsy cases of elderly people based on the following two criteria; 1. presence of fibrin thrombi in glomeruli, and 2. presence of fresh patchy necrotic foci in myocardium and/or fibrin thrombi in splenic sinuses. A high incidence of liver lesions (22/27) was revealed in autopsy cases with indisputable DIC. The liver lesions could be classified into four groups. Group-I (Central degeneration) was characterized by massive precipitation of fibrin irregularly around the central vein, causing parenchymal damage. Group-II (Central necrosis), showed coagulation necrosis in the cental zone due to circulatory disturbance caused by either shock as a cause of DIC or abrupt cessation of blood flow into the lobules following fibrin thrombus formation in vessels of Glisson's sheath. Both group-I and -II showed a short clinical duration of DIC. Group-III (Sinusoidal thrombosis), showed the presence of fibrin thrombi in sinusoids with mild parenchymal damage and long clinical duration of DIC. Group-IV (No thrombosis), showed neither parenchymal damage nor fibrin thrombi in sinusoids, but a long clinical duration of DIC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694889
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical demonstration of cytokeratins in endocrine cells of the human pituitary gland and in pituitary, adenomas (1984)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 404 (1984), S. 359-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Pituitary gland ; Pituitary adenomas ; Cytokeratins ; Intermediate filaments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ten non-neoplastic pituitary glands and 22 pituitary adenomas producing different hormones were studied by immunofluorescence microscopy as well as peroxidase-antiperoxidase and biotin-avidin techniques on frozen sections and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded material using antibodies to cytokeratin, vimentin, GFAP, neurofilament protein and different pituitary hormones. The endocrine cells in non-neoplastic pituitary glands as well as in most pituitary adenomas were cytokeratin-positive. The cytoplasmic cytokeratin distribution patterns of non-neoplastic and tumor cells were similar and typical of the type of hormone produced: GH-producing normal cells showed a paranuclear condensation of cytokeratin-reactive intermediate filaments; this accumulation was even further accentuated in GH-producing adenomas resulting in fibrous bodies (Kovacs and Horvath 1978) decorated by cytokeratin antibodies. Prolactin-producing cells showed a less intense cytoplasmic cytokeratin-specific staining with focal paranuclear accentuation in non-neoplastic as well as in neoplastic glands. ACTH-producing cells in normal pituitary glands as well as in adenomas exhibited a strong and more uniform cytoplasmic cytokeratin staining. The cytokeratin reactivity in glycoprotein hormone-producing cells of non-neoplastic tissue and adenomas was weak. Vimentin and GFAP reactivity was confined to agranular folliculo-stellate cells. The specific and different distribution patterns of cytokeratins in pituitary cells can, therefore, provide an (indirect) indication to the production of a specific hormone if immunocytochemistry fails to demonstrate hormone production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00695220
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elephantiasis neuromatosa (1984)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 404 (1984), S. 427-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Elephantiasis neuromatosa ; Neurofibromatosis ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; S-100 protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An example of elephantiasis neuromatosa, an unusual variant of neurofibromatosis, coexistent with lipomatosis is presented. This dual cell population produced a diffuse swelling of the gluteal sulcus of a young female. The neurogenous origin of the spindle cell component was substantiated by immunoreactivity for S-100 protein as well as by the fine structural observation of a regular basement membrane coating and a profusion of Luse bodies. As far as can be ascertained, this is the first reported immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of this particular variant of peripheral nerve sheath lesion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00695226
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemistry of carcinoembryonic antigen, secretory component and lysozyme in benign and malignant common bile duct tissues (1984)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 403 (1984), S. 271-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Carcinoembryonic antigen ; Secretory component ; Lysozyme ; Immunohistochemistry ; Common bile duct
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An immunoperoxidase technique has been utilized for the localization of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Secretory component (SC) and lysozyme (LZ) in normal and cancerous common bile duct tissues. Little or no CEA was found in the non-cancerous common bile duct tissues. SC was found in the surface epithelium and accessory gland epithelium and LZ was demonstrated only in the accessory glands. Some inflammatory cells were also positively stained for LZ. In adenocarcinoma, CEA was always present on the luminar border of the carcinoma cells, occasionally with intercellular and intracellular localization. LZ was absent, or only faintly detected in carcinoma. SC was generally distributed in well-differentiated adenocarcinoma cells, but showed a reduced intensity of staining with progressive dedifferentiation. These findings suggest that CEA, SC and LZ could be useful markers providing valuable information in the pathological diagnosis of bile duct carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694903
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Granular cell tumour of the mammary gland simulating malignancy (1984)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 403 (1984), S. 391-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Light microscopy ; Granular cell tumour ; Mammary gland neoplasm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Primary granular cell tumours of the breast in 35 2and 55 year old women were studied by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Light and electron microscopy revealed a neural origin of the tumours and this was further substantiated by immunohistochemical studies, with positive S-100 protein reaction and negative reactions for surface heavy and light chains, CEA, alfa-1-antitrypsin, muramidase and GFA-protein. Granular cell tumour of the mammary gland is a very rare tumour. Clinically it sometimes simulates carcinoma because of its fibrous consistency, fixation to pectoral fascia and skin retraction. The diagnosis of granular cell tumour should be included in the differential diagnosis of carcinoma of the breast. The granular cell tumour is derived from neuro-ectodermal tissue. Whether it represents a neurogenic cell-confined metabolic disturbance with lysosomal activation, or a true neoplasm remains to be elucidated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00737288
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A method for T-antigen demonstration by a polyclonal antibody and peanut lectin; elimination of cross-reaction with naturally occurring antibodies (1984)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 404 (1984), S. 159-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: T-antigen ; Peanut lectin ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antisera and a lectin were used to demonstrate T-antigens in colorectal carcinomas. Rabbits were immunized with red blood cells on which the T-antigen had been exposed. The obtained polyclonal antiserum and a crude lectin (PNA) prepared from peanuts were used in an immunoperoxidase technique. The crude lectin and a chromatographic pure lectin showed the same staining specificity. Different fixatives, length of fixation and buffer compositions were tested on paraplast and frozen sections. Four per cent formaldehyde preserved the antigens well in paraplast embedded tissues when fixation was shorter than 48 h. In the immunoperoxidase technique the chromatogen used was 3-amino-9-ethyl-carbazole whose staining intensity was sensitive to the H2O2 concentration. Agglutination of T-exposed red blood cells was used to assess the anti-T titre of various sera. Normal animal serum contained anti-T antibodies, and the possibility of false positive reactions and methods to avoid it in immunohistochemistry is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00704060
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sexual differences in the topographical distribution of serotonergic fibers in the anterior column of rat lumbar spinal cord (1984)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 170 (1984), S. 117-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Sexual dimorphism ; Serotonin fibers ; Lumbar cord ; Cremaster ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sexual dimorphism in the topographical organization of immunoreactive serotonergic fibers has been shown for the first time in the anterior column of the rat lumbar cord. A characteristic preferential arrangement of serotonergic fibers on the small cell column composed of anterior horn motoneurons, which have been proved to send their axons to the cremaster muscle, was demonstrated at the lumbar segments (L1–L2) of male rats, using the immunoperoxidase technique with antiserum against serotonin. A similar finding was also observed in female rats, but was less prominent than in males. Comparative analysis of the cell numbers and the size of neuronal somata of the aforementioned nucleus, done using retrograde transport of fluorescent dye (DAPI) via axonal fibers coursing down the genitofemoral nerve to the cremaster muscle, gave significantly larger values in males. The sexual difference in the serotonergic innervation pattern was, in consequence, surmised to be caused by the cytoarchitectonic contrast ascertained in the lumbar anterior column. Furthermore, there may be a striated muscle endowed with some active functions homologous to those of the male cremaster muscle in the female rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318995
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of neurofilament protein in neuronal degenerations (1984)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 64 (1984), S. 30-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neurofilament ; Neuronal degeneration ; Neurofibrillary changes ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The immunohistochemical localization of human neurofilament proteins was studied in a variety of neuronal changes by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method using antisera raised against each of the subunit proteins of human neurofilament. Torpedoes of the cerebellum, axonal spheroids of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as well as of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, and neurofibrillary changes in a case of Pick's disease were consistently immunostained. Occasionally, a positive immunoreactivity was also observed in Lewy bodies, in neurofibrillary tangles of progressive supranuclear palsy, and in neuritic processes of senile plaques. Neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer type and Pick's bodies, however, did not react with the antisera. These data indicate that the human neurofilament doesnot share major antigenic determinants of its subunit protein with either Alzheimer's neurofibrillary tangles or Pick's bodies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00695603
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systemic amyloid myopathy — Light-microscopic and fine-structural study of the skeletal muscles with histochemical and immunohistochemical study of amyloid (1984)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 64 (1984), S. 114-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Amyloid myopathy ; Skeletal muscle ; Histology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Fine structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Studies were made on skeletal muscles obtained by biopsy and autopsy from a 59-year-old man with immunocyte dyscrasia and amyloidosis; he had progressive muscular stiffness with palpable tumors and ϰ-type Bence-Jones protein, but no overt myeloma. Histologically, much amyloid was seen deposited preferentially in the skeletal muscles, especially in the endo- and perimysia, forming tumors of various sizes and occasionally associating influx of amyloid into some muscle fibers, and in the smaller-sized blood vessel walls, frequently associated with extreme narrowing or occlusion of their lumina. Most muscle fibers were replaced by much amyloid or showed extensive atrophy, having a characteristic circular space under the endomysium, which was concluded to be not due to compression atrophy but to ischemic atrophy. Ischemic neuropathy was observed and seemed to be responsible for the diffuse atrophy without spaces seen exceptionally in some parts. Amyloid was shown histochemically to contain AL as the major protein component, immunohistochemically to have a close relation with ϰ-type light chain, and fine-structurally to be formed just outside the basement membrane of the blood vessels and deposited in the endo- and perimysia through perivascular infiltration. The clinicopathologic features of nine similar autopsy cases in the literature were compared with those in the present case. The causes of damage in muscle fibers and of preferential deposition of amyloid in the skeletal muscles were discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00695574
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduced substance P-like immunoreactivity in hereditary sensory neuropathy of Pointer dogs (1984)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 63 (1984), S. 33-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Hereditary sensory neuropathy ; Substance P ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two unrelated Pointer dogs, each from a breeding of normal parents which produced three affected pups in a litter of nine, began to bite their paws at 3 and 5 months of age. Insensitivity to painful stimuli was marked in the distal parts of the limbs and receded proximally. The affected dogs were euthanatized at 5 and 20 months because of acral mutilation and infection. Changes affecting the primary sensory neurons included: small spinal ganglia with reduced numbers of cell bodies, degeneration of unmyelinated and myelinated fibers in dorsal roots and peripheral nerves, and reduced fiber density in the dorsolateral fasciculus (dlf). Since nociceptive loss was the salient deficit in a neuropathy affecting primary sensory neurons, immunohistochemical studies focused on substance P, the undecapeptide imputed to mediate nociception at the first synapse in the spinal cord and brain. The localization and density of substance P-like (SPL) immunoreactivity was studied in three control dogs and the two Pointers by the indirect antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. The spinal intumescences of the control dogs contained dense SPL-immuno-reactivity in fibers of the dlf and the superficial laminae of the dorsal horn (i.e., laminae I, II, and the dorsal part of III). Immunoreactive fascicles on the lateral aspect of the dorsal horn and in the reticular process sent contributions medially to a plexiform fiber arrangement in lamina V. Medially, SPL-immunoreactive fibers were more loosely arranged in the internal third of laminae VI and VII and in lamina X. In the Pointers, the loss of primary sensory neurons was associated with notable reduction of SPL staining in the dlf and superficial laminae of the dorsal horn. In the lumbar intumescence of the older Pointer greater preservation of SPL staining in the lateral third of laminae I and II was consistent with somatotopic termination of trunkal afferents in this region. In both Pointers there was no detectable decrease in trigeminal sensitivity and the SPL immunoreactivity in the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve of the younger Pointer and the corresponding control dog appeared equivalent. In the older Pointer, however, the immunoreactivity in this nucleus was decreased relative to the control. This decrease and appearance of scattered fiber degeneration in the dorsal columns of the mature Pointer suggested that fiber degeneration progresses slowly with age to include sensory systems not affected in early postnatal life. The findings in the Pointers were compared with those made in immunohistochemical studies of SP in familial dysautonomia and the mutilated foot rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688468
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amyloid-like (Congophilic) neurofibrillary tangles do not react with neurofilament antisera in Alzheimer's cerebral cortex (1984)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 64 (1984), S. 243-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neurofibrillary tangles ; Paired helical filaments ; Amyloid-like ; Neurofilaments ; Alzheimer's disease ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The immunohistological properties of Alzheimer's neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) were studied by immunofluorescence with neurofilament (NF) antisera and with antiserum raised to paired helical filaments (PHF) in NFT preparations, brain smears, and cryostat sections. NFT decorated by NF antisera were Congo red-negative. Conversely, PHF antisera stained Congo red-positive NFT but failed to decorate NF-positive NFT. It is concluded that NF do not cross react with typical NFT, i.e., NFT displaying amyloid-like birefringence, under the conditions reported in this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688115
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of serotonin-immunoreactivity in the diencephalon and mesencephalon of the trout, Salmo gairdneri (1984)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 169 (1984), S. 193-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Teleosts ; Serotonin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Diencephalon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In this paper the serotonin-containing neurons in the diencephalon and mesencephalon of the trout have been studied by immunocytochemistry. Serotonin-immunoreactive perikarya, fibres and terminals were visualized by using well-characterized antibodies to serotonin. Six areas could be demonstrated to contain serotonin-immunoreactive cellbodies. 1. A group of cells, situated ventral to the commissura posterior; 2. A region within the confines of the nucleus recessi lateralis and a few scattered cells dorsally to this nucleus; 3. Neurons, situated ventral to the recessus lateralis hypothalami, within the nucleus tuberis inferior; 4. Cells which are situated within the borders of the nucleus recessi posterioris; 5. A number of cells, situated within the nucleus raphes superior and finally: 6. Perikarya, located dorsolateral to the nucleus raphes superior. The following three regions showed a very high density of serotonin-immunoreactive fibres and terminals: A. the most dorsal portion of the nucleus diffusus tori lateralis; B. the area dorsal to the recessus lateralis and C. the area surrounding the recessus posterior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303149
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical demonstration of the serotonin neuron system in the central nervous system of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana (1984)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 169 (1984), S. 219-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Central nervous system ; Frog
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of serotonin immunoreactivity in the brain of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) was studied, using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemical method with serotonin antiserum. The somata of the serotonin neurons were mainly located in the raphe regions of the brain stem from the level of the caudal mesencephalon to that of the spinomedullary junction. A small number of serotonin neurons were also distributed as crebrospinal-fluid contacting neurons in the preoptic recess organ (PRO), the paraventricular organ (PVO), and the nucleus infundibularis dorsalis (Nid). In the raphe region, these serotonin neurons formed nearlycontinuous bilaterally-symmetrical cell columns along the caidline of the brain stem, divided into lateral and medial groups. The medial group was further subdivided into rostral and caudal parts. Processes of the serotonin neurons were widely distributed in the central nervous system, forming dense networks in various regions. The greates concentrations of these fibers were in the nucleus medialis speti, lateral portion of striatum, nucleus corporis geniculi, nucleus entopeduncularis, periventricular gray of ventral hypothalamus, optic tectum, nucleus isthmi, nucleus interpeduncularis, dorsal edge of medulla oblongata, and fasciculus solitarius.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315627
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of cardiodilatin in myoendocrine cells of the cardiac atria (1984)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 170 (1984), S. 123-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Heart Atrium ; Myoendocrine cells ; Cardiodilatin ; Peptide hormone ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Region-specific antibodies against synthetic N-terminal fragments of cardiodilatin (CDD) were raised in rabbits and used for the immunohistochemical detection of this new peptide hormone in the myoendocrine cells within the cardiac atria of several species. The peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) immunohistochemical methods gave identical results of cardiodilatin-immunoreactivity (CDD-IR) within the tissue. In addition to the porcine right atrial appendage, myoendocrine cells with CDD-IR were also detected in the left atrium of porcine heart, as well as in other species such as dog and cat. The exact localization of the immunoreactivity in specific secretory granules was mostly related to the Golgi-area which is located on both nuclear poles of auricular myoendocrine cells. The results confirm that cardiodilatin is stored in secretory granules observed through electron microscopical means. This hormone is most likely synthesized and released in myoendocrine cells, exerting its important cardiovascular effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318996
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serotonin nerve fibers in the primary visual cortex of the monkey (1984)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 169 (1984), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Primary visual cortex ; Monkey ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A quantitative and immunoelectronmicroscopical analysis of serotonin nerve fibers in the primary visual cortex of the monkey (Macaca fuscata) was made using a sensitive immunoperoxidase method for serotonin. The overall numerical density of serotonin-containing varicosities in the primate striate cortex was approximately 770,000/mm3 and the highest concentration of immunore-active varicosities (ca. 1,400,000/mm3) was observed in the upper portion of layer IVc, the next highest concentration being in layer IVb (ca. 1,180,000/mm3). At the ultrastructural level, the electron dense immunoreactive products were observed in the small granules (10–65 nm in diameter). The varicosities were usually small (0.5–1.0 μm in diameter) and made contact with both stellate and pyramidal cells. Serotonin fibers were often in close apposition to the poorly myelinated axons in layers IVb, V, and VI, and they rarely formed distinct synaptic structures with unlabelled neuronal elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300581
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An immunohistochemical study of somatostatin and neurotensin positive neurons in the septal nuclei of the rat brain (1984)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 170 (1984), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Somatostatin ; Neurotensin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Septum ; Basal forebrain ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antibodies to the neuropeptides somatostatin (SOM) and neurotensin were used to study the distribution of the two peptides within the septum of the rat brain. In colchicine treated rats, numerous somatostatin-positive cell bodies were found in the dorsal and ventral subdivisions of the alteral septum, along the border of the nucleus accumbens, in the ventral tip of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca as well as in the anterior hippocampal rudiment, infralimbic area and several other structures of the basal forebrain (e.g., nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle and substantia innominata). Cell bodies containing immunoreactivity for neurotensin were situated in the intermediate and ventral subdivisions of the lateral septum, the medial septal nucleus, the diagonal band of Broca, the rostro-medial continuation of the substantia innominata and the olfactory tubercle. In untreated rats, somatostatin positive processes formed terminal plexuses in the medial septal nucleus and along an area close to the ventricular wall of the lateral ceptal nucleus. Other septal nuclei, such as the diagonal band of Broca contained a sparse innervation by somatostatin positive fibers. In contrast, the nucleus accumbens olfactory tubercle, and the substantia innominata contained a rich innervation by somatostatin positive axons and terminals. Within these structures the density of SOM positive processes show great variations with patches of densely packed terminals separated by areas of sparser or no innervation. The neurotensin positive terminals were situated predominantly within the intermediate part of the lateral septum and the medial septal nucleus. Both of these regions contained numerous pericellular baskets of neurotensin positive terminals around septal neurons. In addition to the septal innervation, several of the basal forebrain structures were rich in neurotensin positive processes with the densest innervation found in the nucleus accumbens and substantia innominata. Like the SOM-immunoreactivity distinct islands of dense neurotensin innervation separated by less or no innervation occur throughout the basal forebrain. Taken together, these findings suggest that somatostatin and neurotensin occur in separate neuronal populations and that each may influence important physiological functions within the individual septal nuclei.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319452
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Langerhans cells in various benign and malignant pigment-cell lesions of the skin (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 276 (1984), S. 283-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Langerhans cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pigment-cell lesions ; Skin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We used immunohistochemistry to study Langerhans cells (LCs) and the composition of the dermal inflammatory infiltrate both in normal skin and in biopsies from various benign and malignant pigment-cell lesions. In normal skin and most benign pigment-cell lesions, epidermal LCs are regularly distributed. OKT6-Positive cells outnumber the OKIa-positive cells. The inconspicuous dermal infiltrate studied in these biopsies was composed of helper and suppressor/cytotoxic T cells and some dermal LCs. More epidermal LCs with an abnormal cytologic presentation were found in a halo naevus and in the radial growth part of primary malignant melanomas. This finding was associated with a dermal infiltrate composed of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells, suggesting a defense mechanism of the host towards abnormal melanocytes. Epidermal LCs were rare in the central part of the biopsies which showed a primary malignant melanoma in its vertical growth. A dermal inflammatory infiltrate was absent in that area. These findings are interpreted as the morphologic expression of a damaged immune system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404618
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The structure of pseudomeissnerian corpuscles (1984)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 63 (1984), S. 174-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Pseudomeissnerian corpuscles ; Neurofibroma ; Giant nevus ; Immunohistochemistry ; S-100 protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemical staining for S-100 protein was carried out on one case of von Recklinghausen's neurofibroma and one of giant congenital nevus. Uniformly positive staining was ootained in all cells of the numerous pseudomeissnerian corpuscles in both cases. These structures thus appear, like the true Wagner-Meissner tactile nerve endings, to consist entirely of Schwann cells and not to contain any demonstrable perineurial component.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697200
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Borna disease of horses (1984)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 64 (1984), S. 213-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Encephalitis ; Borna disease virus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Axonal transport ; Cytoplasmic filaments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The brains of eight horses that had suffered from natural Borna disease were examined with virologic, immunohistological, and electron-microscopic methods. All brains harbored infectious virus as shown by inoculation of experimental animals. Regional assessment of the infectivity exhibited the highest titers in the hippocampus and piriform cortex and the lowest in the cerebellum. Coventional histology yielded pathologic alterations very similar to those of the classical description of the disease. Immunohistology demonstrated the highest amounts of Borna disease virusspecific antigen in the nuclei of neurons. In the perikarya, dendrites, and axons smaller amounts of antigen were found. A comparison of the antigen distribution with the inflammatory reaction established a high concordance of these two parameters. The presence of virus-specific antigen seems to trigger the exsudation of inflammatory cells, which reflect the extension of the infectious process. Heavy inflammatory exsudates in the white matter underlying diseased cortical areas can be explained by the axonal presence of virus-specific antigen. Virus particles could not be demonstrated with the electron microscope. The most significant findings at the ultrastructural level were stacks of fine filaments, adhering closely to cytoplasmic cisterns. These structures might be related to virus components or might be involved in virus morphogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688111
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GFAP, FVIII/RAg, Laminin, and fibronectin in gliosarcomas: An immunohistochemical study (1984)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 63 (1984), S. 108-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Gliosarcoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; GFAP ; Factor VIII/RAg ; Laminin ; Fibronectin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary GFAP, Factor VIII/RAg, laminin, and fibronectin were immunohistochemically investigated in 15 glioblastomas and 15 gliosarcomas. GFAP was found variably positive in the glial areas. F VIII/RAg characterizes the endothelial cells and in gliosarcomas suggests the origin of the sarcomatous component from the endothelial proliferations. Laminin separates the two components and characterizes the inner and the outer basement membranes in the vessels. It is multiplied and thickened in endothelial proliferations, while it is often fragmented in the larger vessel wall proliferations. Our observations confirm that gliosarcoma represents the last stage of a process which starts with the endothelial hyperplasia of glioblastoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697192
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemistry of folliculo-stellate cells in normal human adenohypophyses and in pituitary adenomas (1984)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 65 (1984), S. 35-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Folliculo-stellate cells ; Pituitary gland ; Pituitary adenoma ; S-100 protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Presence and distribution of S-100 protein (S-100), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), cytokeratin polypeptides, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, actin, lysozyme and pituitary hormones (prolactin, hGH, ACTH, β-FSH, β-LH, β-TSH, alpha subunit) in folliculo-stellate cells (FSC) were studied in seven normal human pituitary glands and 28 pituitary adenomas using peroxidase-antiperoxidase and the avidin-biotin immunohistochemical techniques. Approximately 5% of the cells of the adenohypophysis were agranular, non-hormon-producing FSC most of which showed a conspicuous and strong reaction with S-100 antibodies but some were, in addition, GFAP- and vimentin-positive. In contrast to endocrine cells (EC), FSC were not decorated by antibodies to NSE or cytokeratins. In addition to supportive functions, these cells, due to their close special relationship to EC, seem to have transport and other metabolic functions yet to be elucidated. By their S-100 reactivity and their distribution FSC are comparable to glial cells of the central and schwann and satellite cells of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) as well as to supportive cells in neuroendocrine organs and related tumors (e.g., pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, carcinoids). With one exception, S-100 reactive FSC were not found in pituitary adenomas. The immunohistochemical demonstration of S-100 protein in pituitary tissue is, therefore, a reliable aid in the discrimination between adenomas and normal pituitary tissue, particularly in small and poorly preserved specimens. In one adenoma FSC were found in addition to ACTH-producing tumor cells. This seems to be an extremely rare event suggesting a combination tumor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00689825
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of extravasated serum albumin in the hippocampus of human subjects with partial and generalized epilepsies and epileptiform convulsions (1984)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 65 (1984), S. 25-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Blood-brain barrier ; Immunohistochemistry ; Astrocyte ; Epilepsy ; Hippocampus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Human serum albumin-like immunoreactivity was detected by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method in histological sections of the hippocampus from epileptic and control brains obtained on routine autopsies. In the hippocampi of epileptic patients immunoreactive astrocytes were found, the number of which was increasing with the severity of the manifest convulsions. The highest numbers of immunoreactive astrocytes were observed in those patients who died in status epilepticus. Hippocampi from control patients with no neurologic disorders in life were devoid of immunoreactive astrocytes. The results are discussed in terms of the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier during epileptic seizures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00689824
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endocrine cells in extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 108 (1984), S. 331-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Extrahepatic bile duct ; Carcinoma ; Endocrine cell ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A total of 44 extrahepatic bile duct carcinomas comprising 13 well-differentiated adenocarcinomas, 25 moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas, and 6 poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas were examined histologically and immunohistochemically for somatostatin, gastrin, and glicentin. Argyrophil cells, argentaffin cells, and somatostatin- and gastrin-immunoreactive cells within the tumor were detected in 46.2%, 15.4%, 23.1%, and 15.4% of well-differentiated adenocarcinomas, and in 16.0%, 8.0%, 12.0%, and 4.0% of moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas, respectively. No tumor tissues of poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas contained endocrine cells. A statistically significant difference in the frequency of argyrophil cells was observed between well and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The incidence of argyrophil cells and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells in nonneoplastic mucosa adjacent to well-differentiated adenocarcinoma was higher than in that adjacent to poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Glicentin-immunoreactive cells could not be demonstrated either in tumor tissue or in nonneoplastic mucosa of the extrahepatic bile duct. With reference to the histogenesis of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma, it was assumed from these results that the development of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma might be closely related to the occurrence of endocrine cells and that poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma might develop from ordinary mucosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390467
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunofluoresceuce study of secretory epithelial markers in pleomorphic adenomas (1984)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 403 (1984), S. 291-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Pleomorphic adenomas ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lactoferrin ; Carcinoembryonic antigen ; Secretory component
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Amylase (Am), lactoferrin (Lf), lysozyme (Ly), secretory component (SC), epithelial IgA, and epithelial IgM were traced by paired immunofluorescence staining in ethanol-fixed specimens from 15 pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland. Epithelial elements positive forsome of the markers were detected in a variable number of the specimens (Am, 0; Lf, 11, Ly, 2; CEA, 6; SC, 11; IgA, 9; and IgM, 6); their expression seemed to depend on a certain degree of glandular differentiation. Variable co-expression of secretory epithelial markers probably reflected different degrees of differentiation, indicating that clonal diversification may explain the histological complexity of pleomorphic adenomas. The most consistent expression (in almost 75% of thespecimens) shown by Lf and SC might further reflect histogenetic relationship to intercalated ducts in which these antigens are normally found in largest amounts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694905
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of collagen types I and III and basal lamina in human gastric carcinoma: An immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study (1984)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 403 (1984), S. 313-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Gastric carcinoma ; Scirrhous carcinoma ; Collagen ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Collagen types I and III were examined immunohistochemically in 32 cases of gastric carcinoma classified as poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with scirrhous stroma, well differentiated adenocarcinoma with intermediate stroma, or poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with medullary stroma. In the stroma of scirrhous carcinoma, types I and III collagens were distributed abundantly in fibrillar or granular patterns with little difference in the intensity of staining. In well differentiated adenocarcinoma, type I collagen was diffusely distributed in the stroma with type III collagen distributed sparsely. In poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with medullary stroma, the two types of collagen were only found around capillaries, constituting the tumor interstitium. Electron microscopic examination of scirrhous carcinoma showed tumor cells partially covered with fibroblasts, and discontinuous basal lamina, collagen fibers and microfibrils present between tumor cells and fibroblasts. In well differentiated carcinoma, tumor cells were surrounded by fibroblasts, and well developed basal lamina was observed beneath the tumor cells. In poorly differentiated carcinoma with medullary stroma, the stroma consisted of capillaries and very few fibroblasts with discontinuous basal lamina occasionally being present between tumor cells and fibroblasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00737282
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical study on the morphology of enterochromaffin cells in the human fundic mucosa (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 703-705 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enterochromaffin cells ; Serotonin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphology of enterochromaffin (EC) cells in the human fundic mucosa was investigated at the lightmicroscopic level by means of the unlabeled peroxidase anti-peroxidase method, with the use of a highly specific anti-serotonin serum. EC-cells in the human fundic mucosa were sparsely distributed below the neck portion of the gland, but were found to be rather numerous in its lower half. Immunohistochemistry revealed marked pleomorphic and seemingly polynuclear EC-cells or cells with long, sometimes multipolar cytoplasmic processes. In addition, luminal contacts and contiguity between EC-cells, or interglandular connections were also encountered. The present immunohistochemical procedure permits, for the first time, a clear-cut morphological visualization of the entire population of EC-cells, and reveals the distinctive morphological features of these cells in the human fundic mucosa. These morphological findings imply that EC-cells in the fundic mucosa may be crucial in gastric function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226973
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catecholamine-containing pancreatic islet cells of the domestic fowl (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 239-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Islet A cell ; Catecholamine ; Combined microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Fowl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In an attempt to identify pancreatic islet cells emitting formaldehyde-induced fluorescence (FIF), the pancreatic islets of the domestic fowl were studied by combined fluorescence, ultrastructural, silver-impregnation and immunohistochemical methods in the same section or in consecutive semi-thin and ultra-thin sections. The results indicate that islet cells emitting intense FIF exhibit a strongly argyrophil reaction with the Grimelius' silver method and also immunohistochemical reaction with anti-glucagon serum, but not with anti-5-HT serum. Therefore, the fowl islet A cell, a peptide hormone-producing cell, stores simultaneously catecholamine as biogenic amine. The islet B and D cells did not display any FIF, any argyrophil reaction with the Grimelius' silver method, or any immunoreactivity with anti-glucagon or anti-5-HT sera. The fluorescent but non-argyrophil cells dispersed in the exocrine acinus may well be PP cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217141
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serotonin and opsin immunoreactivities in the developing pineal organ of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 559-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal complex (pineal and parapineal organs) ; Development, ontogenetic ; Photoreceptor cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Serotonin (5-HT) ; Opsin ; Teleost (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin)- and opsin-immunoreactive sites were studied in the developing pineal complex of the stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., by use of light-microscopic indirect immunoperoxidase techniques. 5-HT immunoreactivity first occurs in the pineal organ at the age of 80 h after fertilization and appears to be localized in cells of the photoreceptor type. The outer segments of a few pineal photosensory cells exhibit opsin immunoreactivity at the age of 84 h after fertilization. The number of cells seems to increase until the pineal organ is completely developed. The increase in the number of 5-HT immunoreactive perikarya runs parallel in time to that of the opsinimmunoreactive outer segments. The cells of the parapineal organ show neither opsin nor 5-HT immunoreactivity. The retina of the embryonic stickleback does not display opsin immunoreactivity until after hatching, which takes place about 144 h after fertilization. These results suggest, in the three-spined stickleback, an earlier light-perception capacity for the developing pineal organ than for the retina.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228440
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ontogeny of endocrine cells in the gut of the insect Periplaneta americana (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 421-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gut endocrine cells ; Ontogeny ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pancreatic polypeptide ; Insect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ontogeny of the endocrine cells of the gut of the cockroach Periplaneta americana was studied by immunohistochemistry. During embryogenesis, the midgut begins to be formed as an outgrowth of the foregut and hindgut invaginations. Gut endocrine cells with pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-like immunoreactivity begin to appear at the anterior and posterior ends of the forming midgut. These cells are restricted to the midgut epithelium, and no mitotic cells with PP-like immunoreactivity are observed. These results strongly suggest that the gut endocrine cells, at least those with PP-like immunoreactivity, are derived from precursor cells they have in common with other epithelial cells of the midgut.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217318
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitotic activity of prolactin cells in the pituitary glands of male and female rats of different ages (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 497-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Prolactin cell ; Mitosis ; Sex difference ; Aging ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The anterior pituitary of colchicine-pretreated male and female rats from 20 days to 12 months of age was stained immunohistochemically with anti-rat prolactin serum. Immunoreactive mitotic cells were identified in all groups of rats. In adult female rats the mitotic index of prolactin cells was higher at oestrus than at other stages of the oestrus cycle and than that in male rats of comparable ages. If adult female rats were ovariectomized on the second day of dioestrus or on the day of proestrus, the mitotic indices at presumptive oestrus were less than those in sham-operated controls at oestrus. Estrogen administration to ovariectomized rats significantly elevated the mitotic index of prolactin cells at 48 h after the treatment. The mitotic indices of prolactin cells in female rats reached a peak at 60 days of age, and then decreased with age. In male rats the mitotic indices showed a steady decrease from the value at 20 days of age. A sex difference in the mitotic indices of prolactin cells was noted from 60 days to 12 months of age. The present results clearly demonstrate that differentiated prolactin cells can undergo mitosis and that a sex difference in the mitotic activity of prolactin cells is present during adult life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226945
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  • 33
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical demonstration of serotonin-containing nerve fibers in the hypothalamus of the monkey, Macaca fuscata (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 495-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Serotonin ; Neuroendocrine regulation ; Monkey (Macaca fuscata) ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distributional pattern of serotonin-containing nerve fibers in the hypothalamus of the monkey (Macaca fuscata) was analyzed with the use of the peroxidaseantiperoxidase method in conjunction with a highly sensitive and specific anti-serotonin serum. The highest concentrations of serotonin-immunoreactive varicose fibers were found in the nucleus praeopticus medialis, nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami, and the complex of mammillary nuclei (nucleus praemamillaris, supramamillaris, mamillaris medialis et lateralis). However, the nucleus suprachiasmaticus, where numerous serotoninergic fibers have been reported to occur in the rat, appeared to be almost devoid of these fibers. The infundibular stalk, and the intermediate and posterior lobes of the pituitary contained considerable numbers of immunoreactive fibers. The present study provides a morphological basis for possible clarification of the influence of serotoninergic projections on various neuroendocrine mechanisms in primates. Furthermore, an attempt was made to clarify the differences and similarities concerning the distributional patterns of serotoninergic nerve fibers within the monkey hypothalamus in contrast to the rat hypothalamus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217216
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  • 34
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    Sustentacular cells in the fetal human adrenal medulla are immunoreactive with antibodies to brain S-100 protein (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 733-735 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: S-100 protein ; Adrenal medulla ; Sustentacular cells ; Human fetus ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Adrenal glands of human fetuses were investigated by means of an immunohistochemical method with the use of an anti-S-100 serum. S-100-immunoreactivity was recognized in sustentacular cells located among the chromaffin cells. A characteristic circular arrangement of the immunostained cells was found in the central region of the adrenal glands. It surrounded aggregations of non-argyrophilic, small, round cells, which were identified as the remaining sympathoblasts (primitive sympathetic cells).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217246
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  • 35
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    Electronic Resource
    Catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes in paraganglia of aged Fischer-344 rats (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 217-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Paraganglia ; Aging ; Catecholamines ; Catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine-β-hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase were examined by immunohistochemistry in hypertrophied paraganglia of aged male Fischer-344 rats. All paraganglionic cells reacted with antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase. Dopamine β-hydroxylase was identified in most paraganglionic cells, indicating that they synthesized norepinephrine. A variable number of paraganglia were positive for phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase, which suggested that they synthesized epinephrine. The formaldehyde-induced fluorescence method demonstrated greenish-yellow fluorescence or yellowish-brown fluorescence. The intensity of the fluorescence was in the same range as in adrenal medullary cells. The observations indicate that paraganglia are capable of synthesizing epinephrine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217291
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  • 36
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    Electronic Resource
    Monoclonal antibodies against spermatozoa of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 99-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Monoclonal antibodies ; Spermatozoa ; Surface antigens ; Reproductive organs ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eleven monoclonal antibodies that recognize membrane determinants on spermatozoa of the carp Cyprinus carpio L. have been produced. Indirect immunofluorescence revealed that these determinants are uniformly distributed on the surface of head and midpiece. Most of them are also present on the outer membrane of precursor sperm cells. Although none of the monoclonal antibodies reacted with carp somatic tissue, five monoclonal antibodies were positive for surface membrane determinants of oogonia and early prophase oocytes in carp ovary. Preliminary analysis of the testis and ovary of three other species of fish showed that some carp determinants are shared with germ cells from Barbus conchonius, Clarias lazera, or Salmo gairdneri.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216518
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  • 37
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    Electronic Resource
    Purification and immunohistology of a glycoprotein secreted from the rabbit uterus before implantation (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Uterine epithelium ; Uterine proteins ; β-Glycoprotein ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two antigens of the β-glycoprotein fraction from rabbit uterine secretion of the seventh day post coitum were purified firstly by gel filtration on Sephadex G 150, then either by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE Sephacel or chromatofocusing on PBE 94. By the use of a specific antiserum, raised in female sheep, two antigens with α 2- and β 2-mobility in agar gel electrophoresis could be demonstrated. Immunohistochemical staining of the uterine epithelium at the seventh and eighth day post coitum showed the antigens to be localized in a ciliated cell type of conspicuous shape, which is supposed to be the site of synthesis. Stain accumulated mainly in the apical part of the cell, but there were also small deposits around the nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229211
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The auricular myocardiocytes of the heart constitute an endocrine organ characterization of a porcine cardiac peptide hormone, cardiodilatin-126 (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 425-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Heart, atrium ; Myoendocrine cells ; Cardiodilatin ; Peptide hormone ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A peptide hormone was extracted from the porcine right atrium following a bioassay for differential vaso-relaxant effects on smooth muscle strips from aorta and renal and inferior mesenteric arteries. The isolation procedure included several steps of gel-permeation and ion-exchange chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography. During the isolation procedure, other peptides of smaller molecular weight were also found, which, in relation to cardiodilatin-126 (CDD-126), are shorter at their N-terminal. Among these, CDD-88 has also been isolated and characterizied, and has been established as a prominent member of the cardiac hormone family. The N-terminal and C-terminal segments of the 126 amino acid-containing molecule were synthesized and used to raise region-specific antibodies. The natural peptide was then localized within myoendocrine cells of the right atrium where specific atrial granules are located. Renal effects of cardiodilation were studied in conscious dogs and showed strong diuretic and natriuretic activities. According to our functional studies, cardiodilatin-126 and cardiodilatin-88 possess qualities of a significant hormone family regarding the regulation of extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219856
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    Electronic Resource
    Ethidium binding to deoxyribonucleic acid: Spectrophotometric analysis of analogs with amino, azido, and hydrogen substituents (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 83-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The DNA-ligand interactions of a series of phenanthridinium compounds with various combinations of amino, azido, and hydrogen functions at R3 and R8 were examined to determine the contribution of these particular substituents to ligand binding. Spectrophometric titrations using calf-thymus DNA emphasized the importance of amino substituents in conferring a strong interaction and also stabilizing the interaction against reversal by high ionic strength. Although azido groups were not as effective as amino groups, they were more effective than hydrogen functions in enhancing the interaction. Furthermore, an amino substitution at R8 was consistently, though only slightly, more effective than an amino substituent at R3. The results from superhelical titrations using plasmid pBR322 DNA demonstrated that analogs with amino and/or azido functions at both R3 and R8 produced the greatest unwinding, and compounds with an amino or an azido function at R8 proved more effective than those with the corresponding amino or azido substituent at R3.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230108
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contributions of the PO ester and CO torsion angles of the phosphate group to 31P-nuclear magnetic shielding constant in nucleic acids: Theoretical and experimental study of model compounds (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 377-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The magnetic shielding constant of the 31P nucleus of the dimethylphosphate anion is calculated by an ab initio method for different values of the torsion angles about the PO ester bond and different orientations of the methyl groups. The results obtained tend to show that both types of conformational parameters contribute to the value of σ31P. The largest shielding is obtained when the methyl groups are staggered with respect to the PO bond; the smallest, for the eclipsed arrangement. Measurements carried out on the 16 deoxyribodinucleoside monophosphates show that in the majority of cases σ31P is shifted toward lower field for the dimers having large values of 3JPH3′ and 3JPH5′(5″). The theoretical results are discussed in relation to experimental data for polynucleotides and nucleic acids.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230215
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  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-frequency Raman scattering by anharmonic DNA modes with A⇌B character modeled with a classical double-well oscillator (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 471-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The optical modes of DNA that displace one strand against the other are modeled by the motion of an oscillator in an asymmetric quartic double-well potential whose minima represent the A- and B-conformations. Assuming that the variation of the polarizability during vibration derives mainly from the tilting of the base rings relative to the helix axis, the total polarizability tensor is shown to possess approximately ellipsoidal symmetry and to depend nonlinearly on the instantaneous displacement of the two strands. The Raman spectrum of a collection of randomly oriented molecules is calculated. It consists of one or more peaks with characteristic shape. The depolarization ratio is 3/4, independent of molecular conformation and frequency. The results are discussed in the light of existing experimental and theoretical information.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230306
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  • 42
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    Electronic Resource
    Conformational study of trinucleoside tetraphosphate d(pCpGpCp): Transition of right-handed form to left-handed form (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 511-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using the semiempirical potential functions, conformational energies of the model compounds DMP-, d(pCp), d(pGp), and d(pCpGpCp) are calculated, and the B → Z transition is discussed along the pseudorotational path of the sugar ring. For dimethylmonophosphate anion, DMP-, the energy contour map is presented and the stabilities of the phosphodiester conformations discussed. For the sugar ring without the base attached, the minimum energies for each sugar-puckering form are calculated along the pseudorotational path. The energy barrier of the interconversion between the C(3′)-endo form and the C(2′)-endo form is calculated to be about 2.0 kcal/mol. From the conformational energy calculations of the interconversions of mononucleoside diphosphates, d(pCp) and d(pGp), between the C(2′)-endo conformer and the C(3′)-endo conformer, the purine sugar segment is known to be more convertible than the pyrimidine sugar segment. The results also support the finding that the pseudorotational transition occurred with the O(1′)-endo form more easily than with the O(1′)-exo form. Based on the results of conformational studies of DMP-, d(pCp), and d(pGp), a topological transition of the handedness of the model compound, d(pCpGpCp), is studied. The left-handed Z-form is found to be less stable by about 8.5 kcal/mol than is the right-handed B-form. The energy barrier of the Z → B transition is calculated to be about 17.4 kcal/mol. The contributions of the electrostatic and nonbonded energies to the energy barrier are discussed in connection with the conformation changes of the model compound, d(pCpGpCp).
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230308
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microwave dielectric absorption of DNA in aqueous solution (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 593-599 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The dielectric properties of aqueous solutions of DNA were measured at frequencies ranging from 0.1 to 12 GHz. The results are analyzed using the Maxwell mixture theory and yield a value for the hydration of the DNA of about 0.4 g/g, which is in the range observed in other investigations. No evidence was found for an additional absorption effect at microwave frequencies, which has been predicted to occur in certain DNA analogs due to the vibrational excitation of the double helix by the applied microwave field.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230312
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-association of the neuroregulatory peptide substance P and its C-terminal sequences (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 747-758 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Self-association of substance P and its C-terminal partial peptide sequences was studied by CD, quasi-electric light scattering, and sedimentation experiments. CD spectra of these peptides are strongly influenced by self-association. They exhibit strong characteristic negative ellipticities, suggesting the formation of a presumably B-type ordered structure. The tendency to form multimers depends on chain length and constitution and has its maximum at the octapeptide (SP 8). The peptide multimers have a broad distribution of sizes in the range of 30- and 800-nm diameter. Subdivision of this distribution into two size classes gives mean diameters of 60-100 nm (predominating)/200-800 nm for substance P and 30-50 nm/200-800 nm for SP 8 multimers.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230413
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    13C-NMR chemical shifts and the conformations of rigid polypeptides (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 819-829 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 13C-nmr chemical shifts of backbone carbonyl and side-chain β-carbons in polypeptides provide structural information. Recent utilization of substituent effects on 13C-nmr chemical shifts (principally γ-effects) has permitted the rationalization of their sequence and conformation dependence when observed in linear, flexible polypeptides. In this report, we apply the γ-effect method to study the 13C-nmr chemical shifts observed in solution and in the solid state for the backbone carbonyl and side-chain β-carbons in conformationally rigid polypeptides, which are usually cyclic. As found previously for flexible, linear polypetides, the relative 13C-nmr chemical shifts observed for the backbone carbonyl and side-chain β-carbons in conformationally rigid polypeptides are predictable from knowledge of their peptide residue sequence (primary structure) and conformation (secondary structure) via the γ-effect method.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230419
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  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eu(III) ion binding to poly(L-glutamate) anion studied by environment-sensitive laser spectroscopy (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 847-852 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230502
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  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Circular dichroism studies of α-aminoisobutyric acid-containing peptides: Chain length and solvent effects in alternating Aib-L-Ala and Aib-L-Val sequences (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 877-886 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The CD spectra of the peptides Boc-X-(Aib-X)n-OMe (n = 1, 2, 3) and Boc-(Aib-X)5-OMe, where X = L-Ala or L-Val have been examined in several solvents. The X = Ala and Val peptides behave similarly in all solvents, suggesting that the Aib residues dominate the folding preferences of these peptides. The decapeptides adopt helical conformations in methanol and trifluoroethanol, with characteristic negative CD bands at 222 and 205 nm. In the heptapeptides, similar spectra with reduced intensities are observed. Comparison with nmr studies suggest that estimates of helical content in oligopeptides by CD methods may lead to erroneous conclusions. The pentapeptides yield solvent-dependent spectra indicative of conformational perturbations. Peptide association in dioxane results in an unusual spectrum with a single negative band at 210 nm for the decapeptides. Disaggregation is induced by the addition of methanol or water to dioxane solutions. Aggregation of the heptapeptides is less pronounced in dioxane, suggesting that a critical helix length may be necessary to promote association stabilized by helix dipole-dipole interactions.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230505
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    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of poly-5-bromouridylic acid. II. Thermodynamic analysis of its interaction with adenosine and 9-methyladenine (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 831-841 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The interaction of poly-5-bromouridylic acid [poly(BU)] with adenosine and 9-methyladenine was studied by equilibrium dialysis, optical melting, and microcalorimetry. The stacking free energy, ω, was estimated as -17.6 kJ/mol for adenosine·2poly(BU) and -18.8 kJ/mol for 9-methyladenine·2poly(BU) from the binding isotherms constructed from equilibrium dialysis results. The binding isotherms constructed from a series of melting curves also gave ω values for adenosine·2poly(BU). The thermal stability of the complex depends on monomer concentration, and the partial molar enthalpies of the complex formation at the midpoint of the transition were evaluated from the Tm coefficients as a function of free monomer concentration. The values of -92.0 and -90.4 kJ/mol were obtained for adenosine·2poly(BU) and 9-methyladenine·2poly(BU) in 0.4M NaCl-0.02M Na-cacodylate-5 × 10-4M EDTA (pH 7.0), respectively. Microcalorimetric measurements provided lower integral heats of reaction values for these complexes, i.e., -73.2 kJ/mol for adenosine·2poly(BU) and -71.5 kJ/mol for 9-methyladenine·2poly(BU). A comparison with a polyribouridylic acid system provided a quantitative understanding of a stabilization by bromination in terms of thermodynamic parameters.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230420
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    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230201
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comment on breathing and bending in DNA (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 191-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230202
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  • 51
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    Electronic Resource
    Structure of hydrated Na+ ions around a region of A- or B-DNA helix (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 257-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A molecular-dynamics simulation was used to carry out an introductory study of the hydration of a section of a rigid single A- or B-DNA helix with one Na+ counterion per nucleotide. Four Na+ ions and four nucleotides and periodic boundary conditions were used to mimic an infinite helix. The atoms of the helix and the Na+ ions were assumed to be Lennard-Jones spheres that also carried charges. Stillinger four-point charge model water molecules were used. We carried out five calculations, for 26 and 46 water molecules in B-DNA and 20, 32, and 46 in A-DNA fragments. The arrangements of the Na+ ions are found to have some similarities to those obtained by Clementi and Corongiu. In the calculations with 46 water molecules, we found that two Na+ ions can be bridged by about two water molecules and form a hydrated bound pair, which in turn forms a bridge between the guanine N7 and a near phosphate group. These bound pairs may be important in stabilizing the helix structure of DNA molecules.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230207
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    The C-terminal extrahelical peptide of type I collagen and its role in fibrillogenesis in vitro: Effects of Ethylurea (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 313-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ethylurea was used to weaken hydrophobic interactions during collagen fibrillogenesis in vitro. Intact and enzyme-digested type I collagen was studied. In all preparations, ethylurea decreased the extent and rate of fibril formation, inhibition being greatest in the enzyme-digested collagens. With intact collagen (and probably also with carboxypeptidasedigested collagen), there was no evidence the ethylurea altered the mechanism of fibril growth; in pepsin-digested collagen, however, the growth mechanism was altered by ethylurea, possibly reflecting a conformational change of the “hydrophobic cluster” in the C-terminal peptide. Such a structural change could occur in a hydrophobic environment once the distal portion of the C-terminal peptide (presumed to be essential for its structural stability) is removed by pepsin. The results further emphasize the importance of hydrophobic interactions in collagen fibril nucleation and growth in vitro.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230210
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  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230601
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  • 54
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    X-Ray crystallographic analysis of a ternary intercalation complex between proflavine and the dinucleoside monophosphates CpA and UpG (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 1025-1041 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report the crystal-structure analysis of a complex involving the drug proflavine and the two dinucleoside monophosphates cytidylyl-3′,5′-adenosine (CpA) and uridylyl-3′,5′-guanosine (UpG). The planar drug molecule is intercalated between C⃛G and U⃛A Watson-Crick base pairs, in a double-helical fragmentlike arrangement. Sugar conformations at the 3′-ends of the two strands are dissimilar. The backbone conformations fall within the ranges of values noted previously for dinucleoside intercalation complexes, and some correlations involving these are noted. The separation of the two strands and the basic twist angle of 16°, compared to other reported complexes, are indicative of sequence-dependent effects of the drug binding.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230605
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    Mean-square helical hydrophobic moments in partially ordered proteins (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 1057-1066 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Helical hydrophobic moment ratios, 〈h2〉/〈H2〉, have been evaluated for 34 polypeptides under conditions where the helix content is dictated solely by the short-range interactions operative in aqueous media. The mean-square helical hydrophobic moment is denoted by 〈h2〉, and 〈H2〉 is the averaged of the squared hydrophobicites. This ratio would be one in absence of any correlation in the hydrophobicities of amino acid residues in helices. The 〈h2〉/〈H2〉 tend to be substantially larger than values of the analogous ratio formulated for the mean-square dipole moments of typical synthetic polymers. For 24 of the 34 polypeptide chains considered, 〈h2〉/〈H2〉 is found to be greater than one, indicating a tendency to form helices with amphiphilic character. The ratio is exceptionally large in the case of the δ-hemolysins. It is also large for two other surface-active peptides, for two of the four apolipoproteins examined, and for myohemerythrin. A much smaller 〈h2〉/〈H2〉 is found for melittins. If melittins is to form helices with large 〈h2〉/〈H2〉, the configurational statistics must be governed by effects in addition to those short-range interactions that occur when water is the solvent.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230607
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    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230701
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  • 57
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    β-Bend conformation of CH3CO-Pro-Pro-Gly-Pro-NHCH3: Implications for posttranslational proline hydroxylation in collagen (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 1193-1206 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conformational-energy computations have been carried out for the N-acetyl-N′-methylamides of the Pro-Pro, Pro-Gly, and Gly-Pro dipeptides and of the Pro-Pro-Gly-Pro tetrapeptide, serving as models for the conformational analysis of single-stranded poly(Gly-Pro-Pro). The probability of β-bend formation for the Pro-Gly sequence is very high, viz., 0.72 for the terminally blocked Pro-Gly dipeptide, and rises to 0.86 in the tetrapeptide. The β-bend conformations of the Pro-Gly sequence are of low energy in single-chain poly(Gly-Pro-Pro) as well. The β-bend structure had been postulated earlier to be a requirement for post-translational proline hydroxylation during the biosynthesis of collagen. The present results lend strong support to this proposal by demonstrating that the β-bend structure is energetically favorable and hence can be accommodated easily in single-stranded poly(Gly-Pro-Pro).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230705
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  • 58
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    Circular dichroic studies on Cu(II) interactions with a protamine, scylliorhinine Z3 (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 1241-1248 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The interaction of Cu(II) with the protamine scylliorhinine Z3 was studied by means of CD measurements. At a 1:1 molar ratio, three complexes are formed. (1) In the pH range 5-6.5, the results suggest the formation of a five-membered chelate ring through the coordination of two nitrogen atoms, the N-terminal and the contiguous peptide nitrogen. (2) At pH ≥ 6.4, there is involvement of the lateral NH2 group of Arg; at pH 6.5-8, the formation of a 3N cupric complex is strongly suggested. (3) At pH ≥ 8, results indicate the formation of a 4N complex as a major species in Cu(II)-Z3 solution. The transformation from a 2N to a 3N complex, and from a 3N to a 4N complex was followed with the help of the σ(αNH2) → Cu(II) charge-transfer dichroic band transitions. At Cu(II):Z3 molar ratios ≥ 2 and at pH 〉 8, a new dichroic band appears, indicating the involvement of the tyrosine residue side chain in metal-ion complexation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230708
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    Liquid crystallinity in collagen solutions and magnetic orientation of collagen fibrilsPresented at the Macromolecular Symposium of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, July 12-16, 1982, Amherst, Massachusetts. (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 1261-1267 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Studies of the optical birefringence of solutions of acid-soluble collagen from rat-tail tendon at 22°C in the pH range 1.0-6.0 show that collagen exhibits an isotropic to mesophase transition only between pH 2.4 and 3.0 at 10% weight concentration. Such liquid crystalline order is probably essential for the orientation of collagen in a magnetic field. When solutions of neutral salt-soluble collagen were precipitated at pH 7.0 by warming to 37°C (“heat gelling”) in a magnetic field of ca. 20 kG, the resulting fibrils wee oriented perpendicular to the direction of the field. Heat gelling is shown to be a useful technique for maintaining the orientation induced in precursor solutions even after the sample is removed from the magnetic field.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230710
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    Ionic and structural effects on the thermal helix-coil transition of DNA complexed with natural and synthetic polyamines (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 1295-1306 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polyamines are ubiquitous cellular components that interacts strongly with nucleic acids. Although many of the interactions of oligocations with DNA can be rationalized with polyelectrolyte theories that treat counterions as point charges, some structural effects are evident. We have explored the effects of polyamine structure on one important aspect of DNA behavior, its thermal melting transition, by using a series of spermidine analogs NH3(CH2)3NH2(CH2)nNH33+, where n varies from 2 to 8 [Jorstad et al. (1980) J. Bacteriol. 141, 456-463]. For spermidine itself, n = 4. Tm for calf-thymus DNA in the presence of each of these analogs, and the other naturally occurring polyamines putrescine2+ and spermine4+, was measured over a wide range of NaCl concentrations and polyamine:DNA phosphate ratios. There are modest, but significant structural effects. particularly with the shorter n = 2 and 3 derivatives, whose geometry my not allow full electrostatic interaction with DNA. Longer analogs, on the other hand, are not much different than spermidine in their effects on Tm, though a moderate maximum occurs at n = 5. Since polyamines are important in the cellular condensation and packaging of DNA, we have also delineated the critical polyamine and salt concentrations that are required to cause DNA aggregation. Here again, there are significant structural effects, which are not easily rationalized by any simple considerations.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230713
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    Circular dichroism of core DNA in mononucleosomes: A theoretical model (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 1315-1323 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The observed difference between the CD spectrum of B-DNA mononucleosomes and that of free DNA has been attributed to the tertiary structure of the core DNA. This conjecture is tested here. The tertiary structure is modeled as an optical system consisting of two identical, planar, linear retarders rotated with respect to each other. The retarders have the same linear birefringence and linear dichroism as oriented B-DNA. Such an optical system is circularly dichroic. The predicted wavelength dependence and magnitude of the CD are in reasonably close agreement with the experimental results.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230715
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    Induced optical activity in the complex of poly(L-arginine) with azo dyes (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 1367-1377 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The absorption and CD spectra of the complexes of poly(L-arginine) (PLA) and azo dyes have been measured in aqueous solution. On complexation, Blue-shifted additional absorption bands were observed. In the wide pH 4-11 range, induced CD was observed at the visible wavelengths corresponding to the blue-shifted absorption bands. The induced CD arose from the dimeric dye molecules bound to PLA in the α-helical structure. When a modified analysis of induced CE is made by the excition chirality method, the origin of the induced CD can be assigned to the dipole coupling. The PLA-dye complexes showed the counterlockwise (negative, S) chirality of the transition dipole moments of dyes.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230719
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    pH-jump titration of the tyrosyl groups of bovine plasma albumin (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 1347-1365 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ionization properties of the tyrosyl groups of bovine plasma albumin in various conformational states - the native state (N), the two acid states (F and E), and the state (B) stable at slightly alkaline pH - were studied by means of a stopped-flow-pH-jump technique. The technique allows us to obtain the tyrosyl titration curve in a conformational state that is unstable in the pH region of the titration. The pH jumps from the N and B states to various alkaline pH's, where the tyrosines ionize to bring about a time-dependent increase in absorption at 296 nm, indicating that a number of the tyrosines buried initially become susceptible to ionization as a result of the alkaline transition occurring above pH 10.8. Extrapolation of the observed absorption change to zero time gives a spectrophotometric titration curve in the initial conformational state. Only 30-401% of the 19 tyrosines of the protein can ionize both in the N and the B state at pH 12. The pH jumps from the F and E states, on the other hand, give a decrease in absorption between pH 9 and 11.7, indicating that the tyrosyl groups initially exposed are remarked by refolding after the pH jumps, and the zero-time titration curves show that essentially all the tyrosyl groups ionize normally in these acid states. The results are discussed in relation to the known results of the tyrosyl exposure of the protein measured by other techniques, and the consistency among them demonstrates the effectiveness of the pH-jump titration method. Hydrogen bonding between the abnormal tyrosyl and carboxylate groups as a mechanism to stabilize native albumin is suggested from characteristics of the alkaline transition, which also involves the exposure of the tyrosyl groups, and from the tyrosyl titration curves in the native and acid states.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230718
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    Fluctuational base-pair opening in DNA at temperatures below the helix-coil transition region (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 1137-1139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230614
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    Synthesis of oligopeptides consisting of L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-ananyl and L-methionyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl repeating units with an improved preparation of Nps-amino acids (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 1397-1409 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two series of peptides with hydrophobic side chains, Nps-(L-Leu-L-Leu-L-Ala)n-OEt and Nps-(L-Met-L-Met-LLeu)n-OEt (n = 1-6), were synthesized by the fragment condensation method using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in the presence of N-hydroxysuccinimide. The tripeptide fragments were prepared stepwise by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-mediated reaction of Nps-amino acids, which were synthesized by an improved rapid procedure.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230721
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    Dielectric properties of aqueous solutions of sonicated DNA above 40 MHz (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 1457-1463 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The dielectric properties of sonicated calf-thymus DNA sodium salt in aqueous solutions have been studied in the frequency range from 40 MHz to 2 GHz by time domain spectroscopy (TDS). A dielectric dispersion not previously reported was found, which has a characteristic frequency of about 150 MHz. All of the dielectric parameters are insensitive to the size of DNA fragments and to helix-to-coil transitions. The study of this dispersion as a function of DNA concentration and temperature allows us to conclude that it may be due to counterion fluctuation on short sections, probably in a direction transverse to the macromolecular axis.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230803
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    Polypeptide matrices as active catalytic supports for stereoselective electron-transfer reactions (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 1465-1479 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The oxidation of L-adrenaline (epinephrine) in the presence of [Fe(tetpy)(OH)2]+ ions bound to poly(L-glutamate) or to poly(D-glutamate) has been studied at pH 7 (tetpy = 2,2′:6′,2″:6″,2‴-tetrapyridyl). Electron transfer from the substrate to the central metal ion, which is rate-determining, proceeds stereoselectively only when extensive and possibly specific interactions between adrenaline and the peptidic residues of the ordered polymer in the close environment of the active sites occur. This ensures different steric constraints for the two diastereomeric precursor complexes, which are thought to affect the separation and orientation of the redox centers differently, leading to the observed phenomena. Some data on the catalytic oxidation of L-dopa(3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) are also presented, showing stereoselective effects similar to those observed with L-adrenaline, despite the diverse distance of the chiral center from the reacting OH groups. A mechanistic interpretation of the results is discussed in the light of a few general considerations concerning the structural features of the catalytic systems. Possible explanations for the finding that stereoselectivity occurs at the expense of the efficiency of catalysis are also considered.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230804
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    Determination of peptide conformation via vibrational coupling: Application to diastereoisomeric alanyl dipeptides (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 1917-1930 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Solution-phase Raman spectra of diastereomeric alanyl dipeptides, D-Ala-L-Ala and L-Ala-L-Ala, and various mono- and dideuterated isotopomers in H2O and D2O, are reported. Spectral differences between the diastereomeric forms are interpreted, using the Raman analog of the coupled oscillator model, in terms of geometric differences between certain vibrations in the diastereomeric forms. Application of the coupled-oscillator formalism allows the determination of a dihedral angle between the coupling vibrations. The results are compared with vibrational coupling employed by other workers in the determination of the vibrational spectra of peptides.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360231008
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    Theoretical studies on the conformation of saccharides. VIII. Solvent effect on the stability of β-cellobiose conformers (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 1951-1960 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The conformational equilibria of five β-cellobiose conformers have been studied theoretically in 10 solvents. The stability of the conformers in dilute solution has been compared by using the method that has already been tested for 2-methoxytetrahydropyran, β-maltose, and D-glucose. The solvation energy consists of electrostatic, dispersion, and cavity terms which have been determined from the properties of the solute calculated by the PCILO quantum-chemical method and physicochemical properties of the solvents. The calculated abundance of conformers depends on the solvent (e.g., in dioxane C1:C2:C3:C4:C5 = 60.0:34.1:2.9:2.0:1.0; in dimethylsulfoxide, 75.5:22.1:1.8:0.5:0.2; and in water, 82.2:16.2:1.3:0.2:0.1). The results obtained indicate that the preponderant conformer in the aqueous solution is similar to the one adopted by β-cellobiose in the crystalline form. The role of individual contributions to the solvation energy have been analyzed. Based on the determined abundance of conformers, averaged residual optical activity and nmr parameters have been calculated and compared with observable properties. The marked differences observed between solvent-induced conformational changes for β-cellobiose and β-maltose have been discussed from the viewpoint of the solubility of the cellulose.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360231011
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    Theoretical studies on protein-nucleic acid interactions. II. Hydrogen bonding of amino acid side chains with bases and base pairs of nucleic acids (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 1995-2008 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: With a view to understanding the role of hydrogen bonds in the recognition of nucleic acids by proteins, hydrogen bonding between the bases and base pairs of nucleic acids and the amino acids (Asn, Gln, Asp and Glu, and charged residues Arg+, Glu-, and Asp-) has been studied by a second-order perturbation theory. Binding energies have been calculated for all possible configurations involving a pair of hydrogen bonds between the base (or base pair) and the amino acid residue. Our results show that the hydrogen bonding in these cases has a large contribution from electrostatic interaction. In general, the charged amino acids, compared to the uncharged ones, form more stable complexes with bases or base pairs. The hydrogen-bond energies are an order of magnitude smaller than the Coulombic interaction energies between basic amino acids (Lys+, Arg+, and His+) and the phosphate groups of nucleic acids. The stabilities of the complexes of amino acids Asn, Gln, Asp, and Glu with bases are in the order: G-X 〉 C-X 〉 A-X U-X or T-X, and G · C-X 〉 A · T(U)-X, where X is one of these amino acid residues. It has been shown that Glu- and Asp- can recognize guanine in single-stranded nucleic acids; Arg+ can recognize G · C base pairs from A · T base pairs in double-stranded structures.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360231014
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    Masthead (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360231101
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    Conformation of control and acetylated HeLa stripped chromatin after reassociation with H1 (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 2195-2210 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of histone H1 on the conformation and stability of control and acetylated HeLa high-molecular-weight chromatin that had been stripped of H1 and nonhistone proteins was compared by circular dichroism (CD) and thermal denaturation measurements. Two different preparations of H1, originating from rat thymus and chicken erythrocyte, were used in the reconstitution studies. The control and acetylated stripped chromatin had identical CD and thermal denaturation properties, as did their reconstitutes with rat thymus H1. Reconstitutes of the two chromatins with chicken erythrocyte H1 had similar CD properties, but thermal denaturation studies showed that the acetylated reconstitute was destabilized compared to the control reconstitute. Reconstitutes of both chromatins with chicken erythrocyte H1 had a more condensed and stabilized structure than the reconstitutes with rat thymus H1. Thus, acetylation caused a decrease in the stability of chromatin in the presence of erythrocyte H1, but more marked differences were detected in the structure of stripped chromatin after reassociation with different H1 preparations.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360231107
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    Kinetics of formation of fibrin oligomers. III. Ligation kinetics concurrent with and subsequent to oligomer assembly (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 127-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Human fibrinogen was treated with thrombin in the presence of fibrinoligase (Factor XIIIa) and calcium ion at pH 8.5, ionic strength 0.45, and the ensuing polymerization was interrupted at various time intervals (t) both before and after the clotting time (tc) by solubilization with a solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate and urea. Aliquots of the solubilized protein were subjected to gel electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels after disulfide reduction by dithiothreitol and on agarose gels without reduction. The degree of γ-γ ligation was determined from the former. The latter provided the size distribution of ligated end-to-end sequences produced by splitting the ligated staggered overlapped oligomers down the middle, for degrees of polymerization, x, from 1 to 10. Addition of fibrinoligase (in which the activating thrombin had been inhibited by p-nitrophenyl-p′-guanidinobenzoate, NPGB) to Kabi fibrinogen showed the presence of small amounts of ligatable oligomers. Addition of fibrinoligase to a polymerizing mixture in which the action of thrombin had been stopped before clotting by NPGB produced the same distribution of ligated end-to-end sequences that was obtained when fibrinoligase was originally present, at least for reaction times up to 0.7 of the clotting time. The kinetics of γ-γ ligation by fibrinoligase acting on a polymerized mixture stabilized by NPGB were followed. The reaction was first order in the concentration of ligatable γ-γ junctions and the initial velocity was proportional to the enzyme concentration. The time evolution of size distribution of ligated end-to-end sequences agreed with a theory based on random ligation of ligatable junctions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230110
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    Mean-square hydrophobic moment for partially helical polypeptides (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 201-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A mean-square helical hydrophobic moment, 〈h2〉, is defined for polypeptides in analogy to the mean-square dipole moment, 〈μ2〉, for polymer chains. For a freely jointed polymer chain, 〈μ2〉 is given by Σmi2, where mi denotes the dipole moment associated with bond i. In the absence of any correlations in the hydrophobic moments of individual amino acid residues in the helix, 〈h2〉 is specified by ΣHi2, where Hi denotes the hydrophobicity of residue i. The tendency for correlations in orientations of residue hydrophobic moments in helices therefore dictates the size of 〈h2〉/〈H2〉, where 〈H2〉 denotes the average value of ΣHi2 for all helices. The value of 〈h2〉/〈H2〉 will be greater than one in amphiphilic helices. A necessary prerequisite for this diagnostic usage of 〈h2〉/〈H2〉 is that the residue hydrophobic moment be oriented prependicular to the principal axis of the helix. Matrix-generation schemes are formulated that permit rapid evaluation of 〈h2〉 and 〈H2〉. The behavior of 〈h2〉/〈H2〉 is illustrated by calculations performed for model sequential copolypeptides.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230204
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    Monte Carlo determination of the distribution of ions about a cylindrical polyelectrolyte (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 271-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report a calculation of the distribution of small ions around a charged cylinder representing a polyelectrolyte molecule in solution. The Monte Carlo method of Metropolis, Rosenbluth, and Teller was used to avoid the inaccuracies known to be associated with the Poisson-Boltzmann equation. The systems examined contained a long polyelectrolyte cylinder with charge parameter, χ, equal to 4.2, corresponding approximately to a DNA molecule. In one model, the cylinder had charges on its axis and an exclusion radius to the center of the small ions equal to 10 Å, while the small ions had various radii in the range from 1 to 10 Å and one or two protonic charges. Various systems were studied; some had one species of small ion alone, others had mixtures of different types. The results showed good agreement with the solution of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation when only the species with 1-Å radius was present, but considerable discrepancies appeared with larger ions as a result of excluded volume interactions between the latter. Deviations from the Poisson-Boltzmann equation also appeared when both positive and negative small ions were present; the deviations were in the direction of a higher concentration of both counter- and co-ions, but particularly co-ions, close to the polyelectrolyte. In another model, the charges were arranged along two helices on the surface of the cylinder; the resulting radial distribution of small ions was not much different from that found when the charges were situated on the axis. In all cases there was a striking accumulation of counterions in a layer of concentration exceeding 1 mol/L at the surface of the polyion.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230208
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    Variation of longitudinal acoustic velocity at gigahertz frequencies with water content in rat-tail tendon fibers (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 337-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Brillouin scattering was used to determine the longitudinal acoustic velocity along the axis of collagen fibers as the relative humidity decreased from 95 to 0%. Between 0 and 86%, the velocity decreased linearly at a modest rate. Above 86%, the decrease was steep. The changing mass of the absorbed water accounts for most of the velocity change in the lower humidity range. The remaining deviation is probably due to variation of the elastic coupling between molecules. At low humidity, the adsorbed water is known to be attached to the collagen molecules, whereas the additionally adsorbed water at high humidity has the properties of bulk liquid. The high-humidity sonic velocity variation is ascribed to the presence of free water. It is possible to identify the five water regimes of Pineri et al. [(1978) Biopolymers 17, 2799-2815] with the variations of the sonic velocity with water content.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230212
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    Studies of collagen fold formation in aqueous solutions of α-gelatin III (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 353-361 
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    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Optical rotation, viscosity, and density studies are reported on solutions of α-gelatin in solvent mixtures of water and various monohydric alcohols. Reversion to the collagen fold by the protein is shown to be order in all cases, but changes in magnitude as a function of concentration of the particular alcohol are observed. The structuring effects of the alcohol on water are seen to be reflected in the extent of helix regeneration by the protein. Shorter chain alcohols appear to influence the initial rate of reversion by direct interaction with the protein.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230213
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    Masthead (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230301
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    A high-resolution 13C-nmr study of collagenlike polypeptides and collagen fibrils in solid state studied by the cross-polarization-magic angle-spinning method. Manifestation of conformation-dependent 13C chemical shifts and application to conformational characterization (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 2279-2297 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have recorded high-resolution 13C-nmr spectra of collagen fibrils in the solid state by the cross-polarization-magic-angle-spinning(CP-MAS)method and analyzed the spectra with reference to those of collagenlike polypeptides. We used two kinds of model polypeptides to obtain reference 13C chemical shifts of major amino acid residues of collagen (Gly, Pro, Ala, and Hyp): the 31-helical polypeptides [(Gly)nII, (Pro)nII, (Hyp)n, and (Ala—Gly—Gly)nII], and the triple-helical polypeptides [(Pro—Gly—Pro)n and (Pro—Ala—Gly)n]. Examination of the 13C chemical shifts of these polypeptides, together with our previous data, showed that the 13C chemical shifts of individual amino acid residues are the same, within experimental error (±0.5 ppm), among different polypeptides with different primary sequences, if the conformations are the same. We found that the 13C chemical shifts of Ala residues of the 31-helical (Ala—Gly—Gly)n and triple-helical (Pro—Ala—Gly)n are significantly displaced, compared with those of the α-helix, β-sheet, and silk I form, and can be utilized as excellent probes to examine conformational features of collagen-like polypeptides. Further, the 13C chemical shifts of Gly and Pro residues in the triple-helical polypeptides are substantially displaced from those found in (Gly)nII and (Pro)nII of the 31-helix, reflecting further conformational change from the 31-helix to the supercoiled triple helix. In particular, the 13C chemical shifts of Gly C = O carbons of the triple-helical polypeptides are substantially displaced upfield (4.1-5.1 ppm), with respect to those of the 31-helical polypeptides. These displacements are interpreted by that Gly C = O of the former is not involved in NH … O = C hydrogen bonds, while this carbon of the latter is linked by these kinds of hydrogen bonds.On the basis of these 13C chemical shifts, as reference data for the collagenlike structure, we were able to assign the 13C-nmr peaks of Gly, Ala, Pro, and Hyp residues of collagen fibrils, which are in good agreement with the values expected from the model polypeptides mentioned above. We also discuss a plausible conformational change of collagen fibrils during denaturation.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360231111
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    Proton magnetic resonance studies on dermorphin and its peptide fragments (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 2349-2360 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dermorphin (Tyr—D-Ala—Phe—Gly—Tyr—Pro—Ser—NH2), a potent natural peptide opioid, its synthetic L-Ala2 analog, and all the N fragments from the tripeptide (Tyr—D-Ala—Phe—NH2) to the parent hexapeptide amide were characterized for the first time by means of proton nmr spectroscopy at 11.74 T. Assignments of most protons of dermorphin were facilitated by the study of the N-terminal fragments. Comparison of spectroscopic parameters with relative pharmacological activity is proposed as a possible means of studying flexible agonists in solution.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360231116
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  • 81
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    Magnetic circular dichroism of adenine, hypoxanthine, and guanosine 5′-diphosphate to 180 nm (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 2715-2724 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) of adenine, hypoxanthine, and guanosine 5′-diphosphate reveals that, for each species, the uv-absorption band near 200 nm is composed of at least two electronic transitions. The theory of MCD shows that the dipoles of these transitions are not parallel to one another. The transitions are assigned within the framework of current theories of the electronic structure of the purines. Knowledge of the presence of more than one transition within an absorption envelope is important in interpreting the corresponding natural CD of DNA and RNA.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360231203
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  • 82
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    Evidence for an interwound form for the superhelix in circular DNA (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 2963-2966 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360231219
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  • 83
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    Aggregation of poly(γ-benzyl-α,L-glutamate) (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 719-734 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The aggregation of poly(γ-benzyl-α,L-glutamate) and its enantiomer in toluene has been investigated by following the viscosity as a function of temperature, concentration, molecular weight, molecular-weight distribution, helix chirality, and shear rate. The temperature and concentration data for a 138,000-molecular-weight sample was fitted to an open, reversible end-to-end aggregation model. The aggregation numbers resulting from this fit were consistent with the sudden onset in non-Newtonian flow resulting from only a 0.2-wt% increase in concentration. The association equilibrium constant was then used to predict viscosity for comparison with other data, in particular, the effect of molecular weight and molecular-weight distribution. A mixture of right-and left-handed helices showed the aggregation was not chiral selective. The stiffness of end-to-end aggregated (hydrogen-bonded) molecules differed little from their covalent counterparts, at least below a molecular weight of ∼106. We conclude that polybenzylglutamate aggregation in toluene can be described by an open end-to-end aggregation model.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230411
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  • 84
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    Quasielastic light-scattering studies on dinucleosomal-sized DNA: Ionic-strength dependence (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 797-808 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quasielastic light-scattering (QELS) studies were performed on a monodisperse preparation of dinucleosomal-sized DNA having an average of 375 base pairs. The QELS data were obtained at several time intervals at each angle examined over the range 30° 〈 θ 〈 60° for the ionic strength solvents 500, 50, 10, and 1 mM in KCl. What results from this study is that two relaxation domains persist over the entire ionic strength range where the “splitting” between these two domains increases as the ionic strength is lowered. The ordinate intercept of Dapp vs Cp/2Cs, where Cp is the polyion concentration and Cs is the added salt concentration, is shown to give the “true” hydrodynamic value for the diffusion coefficient. The “splitting phenomenon” is interpreted in terms of two models currently in vogue: small ion-polyion coupled modes and translational-rotational coupled modes for rigid rods in congested solutions. Although neither model is in perfect agreement with the experimental results, the small ion-polyion coupled mode theory appears to provide a better quantitative description of the observations.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230417
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  • 85
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    Masthead (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230501
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  • 86
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    Interactions of molecules with nucleic acids. VII. Intercalation and T·A specificity of daunomycin in DNA (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 139-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Intercalation complexes of daunomicin(+1) with tetramer duplexes in DNA are studied with the theoretically determined intercalation sites (I, -0.4), (II, -0.4), and (III, -1.4). These sites occur with base pairs separated by 6.76 Å for helical angles of 26°, 22°, and 8° about the intercalation site. Site I is preferred, and this is in agreement with experimental unwinding angles. Optimum binding positions and conformations are established, and these are in agreement with experimental results from crystal structures. A systematic procedure is devised to study base-pair and base-sequence specificity, which results in the demonstration that the most stable sequences are mainly ↑BP1, T·A, DAUN, A·T, BP4↓ and ↑BP1, T·A, DAUN, G·C, BP4↓, i.e., with the TpA and CpG (pyrimidine)p(purine) sequences about the intercalation site. These 32 possible sequences are found among the 40 most stable complexes. These theoretical calculations of intercalation complexes with daunomicin(+1) provide the first example in which a drug specifically selects the base pair T·A and prefers it in a particular sequence about the intercalation site. This specificity is in agreement with some experimental results. Problems associated with the interpretation of specificity are discussed in terms of the base, base-pair, and base-sequence resulting from the DNA site and the DNA-drug interactions. T·A specificity is rationalized by noting that the 2′deoxyribo-5′-monophosphate backbone attached to A is slightly more negative than that on the other nucleotides. Hence, a preference exists for binding to the protonated daunosamine (+1) groups. Stereographic projections of daunomycinone and daunomycin(+1) in a bond model and in a space-filling model with steric contours illustrate the results.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230111
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  • 87
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    Small-angle x-ray scattering studies on yeast inorganic pyrophosphatase and its interactions with divalent metal ions, inorganic phosphate, and hydroxymethane bisphosphonate (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 159-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Small-angle x-ray scattering studies have been carried out on the enzyme yeast inorganic pyrophosphatase (PPase), and its overall conformational changes on interaction with divalent metal ions (Mg2+ and Mn2+) and with phosphoryl ligands [inorganic phosphate (Pi) and hydroxymethane bisphosphonate (PCHOHP), a nonhydrolyzable inorganic pyrophosphate analog] were assessed. The enzyme undergoes an apparent reduction in size on simultaneous addition of Mg2+ and high Pi concentration, although neithough neither Mg2+ nor Pi added separately induced any measurable conformational changes. By contrast, simultaneous addition of Mn2+ and Pi to PPase does not result in an observable conformational change. However, the overall structure of the enzyme appears to enlarge in the simultaneous presence of Mn2+ ions and PCHOHP. The significance of the structural changes seen in PPase under various conditions is discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230112
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  • 88
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    Interacalation of ethidium ion into DNA and RNA oligonucleotides (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 213-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The thermodynamics of ethidium ion binding to the double strands formed by the ribooligonucleotides rCA5G + rCU5G and the analogous deoxyribo-oligonucleotides dCA5G + dCT5G were determined by monitoring the absorbance versus temperature at 260 and 283 nm at several concentrations of oligonucleotides and ethidium bromide. A maximum of three ethidium ions bind to the oligonucleotides, which is consistent with intercalation and nearest-neighbor exclusion. For the ribo-oligonucleotide the binding mechanism is complex. Either two sites (assumed to be the intercalation sites at the two ends of the oligonucleotide) bind more strongly by a factor of 140 than the third site, or all sites are identical, but there is strong anticooperativity on binding (cooperativity parameter, 0.1). In sharp contrast, the binding to the same sequence (with thymine substituted for uracil) in the deoxyribo-oligonucleotide showed all sites equivalent and no cooperativity. For the ribo-oligonucleotides the enthalpy for ethidium binding is -14 kcal/mol. The equilibrium constants at 25°C depend on the model; either K = 6 × 105M-1 for the two strong sites (4 × 103M-1 for the weak site) or K = 2.5 × 105M-1 for the intrinsic constant of the anticooperative model. For the equivalent deoxyribo-oligonucleotide the enthalpy of binding is -9 kcal/mol and the equilibrium constant at 25°C is a factor of 10 smaller (K = 2.5 × 104M-1).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230205
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  • 89
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    Distribution of counterions around a cylindrical polyelectrolyte and manning's condensation theory (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 287-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The distribution of counterions around a charged polyion cylinder is calculated by several methods. First, the Debye-Hückel approximation is used, and it is shown that Manning's condensation hypothesis is necessry to avoid overneutralization of the polyion charges by the counterions when the linear-charge-density parameter, ξ, of the polyion exceeds the critical value of unity. However, it appears that this method of getting this result involves inconsistent application of Debye-Hückel theory. Therefore, we turn to the analytical solution of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation that was obtained by Alfrey, Berg, and Morawetz for a polyion cylinder plus a neutralizing number of counterions but without added salt. One of the integration constants of this solution is a radius, which we call RM, within which lies precisely the fraction of counterions that Manning assumes to condense in his theory. This radius can be rather large, however, so that the “Manning fraction” of condensed ions actually forms a diffuse cloud whose size varies with the polyelectrolyte concentration; RM varies as κ-1/2, where κ is the Debye-Hückel screening parameter. The Manning fraction, 1 - 1/ξ, and its associated radius are unique in their behavior with dilution; smaller fractions stay within finite radii, while with larger fractions the corresponding radii increase as κ-1. Thus, the condensation hypothesis does have a simple mathematical foundation in the Poisson-Boltzmann equation. Finally, by comparison with numerical solutions, we find that these conclusions are not significantly changed even when salt is added to the polyelectrolyte. A short table of numerical solutions of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation in cylindrical geometry is given, together with tables of coefficients tht enable one to discover the particular solution that applies for a given polyion radius and charge density.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230209
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  • 90
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    Matrix-method calculation of linear and circular dichroism spectra of nucleic acids and polynucleotides (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 435-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Calculations of the optical properties (absorption, linear dichroism, circular dichroism, and anisotropic components of the CD) are presented for polynucleotides of random or regular sequence within the formalism of the matrix method using a set of parameters that includes only the ππ* transitions of the aromatic bases. Experimental solution spectra agree favorably with calculated CD spectra for A-RNA, A-DNA, and B-DNA, when coordinates derived from x-ray studies on fibers are used. Excessive hypochromicity is predicted when parameters intended to reproduce the vacuum-uv absorption of the chromophores are included in the calculations, but total elimination of these parameters leads to an insufficient hypochromicity for the long-wavelength absorption band. Using alternative conformations for DNA in low-salt aqueous solution did not improve the agreement between experimental and calculated spectra, but some features of the optical properties predicted for these variant structures suggest that the tilt of the bases with respect to the helical axis may be larger than that of the fiber B-form.In the case of polynucleotides with regular structure, which have been traditionally less easy to understand in terms of the standard nucleic acid conformations, a series of alternative structures has been examined. Unexpectedly, the calculated spectrum for the Z-DNA structure compares almost quantitatively with the experimental spectrum of poly(dGC·dGC) in low salt. This result, which confirms a recent report [Vasmel, H. & Greve, J. (1981) Biopolymers 20, 1329-1332], is in contrast with the current identification of Z-DNA with the high-salt form of poly(dGC·dGC). Finally, the optical properties of single-stranded polyribonucleotides appear to be better explained when alternative structures [91-helix for poly(rA) and 61-helix for poly(rC)] are introduced instead of the A-RNA form.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230305
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  • 91
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    Total intensity light scattering from short, optically anisotropic wormlike chains (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 607-608 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230314
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  • 92
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    Dimensions of short, rodlike macromolecules from translational and rotational diffusion coefficients. Study of the gramicidin dimer (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 611-615 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230402
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  • 93
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    Alternative pathways in diffusion-collision controlled protein folding (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 675-694 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The diffusion-collision model of protein folding has been solved exactly for a three-microdomain protein subunit. Numerical analysis shows that the exact kinetics may be excellently approximated in all cases studied by a standard chemical kinetics approach with the forward rate constants calculated from the mean folding time formula found previously.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230408
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  • 94
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    Electric birefringence study of the purple membrane of Halobacterium halobium (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 707-718 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An electric birefringence study was carried out on aqueous suspensions of the purple membrane of Halobacterium halobium. In addition to the characterization of both native and modified membrane samples, the dependence of electric birefringence on pH and ionic strength was also investigated. The results indicate that purple membrane shows electric birefringence at a field strength as low as 200 V/cm. The permanent dipole moment and polarizability ranged from 20,500 debyes and 1.01 × 10-14 cm3 for a purple membrane concentration of 0.40 mg/mL to 41,000 debyes and 2.05 × 10-14 cm3 for a concentration of 0.80 mg/mL. It was also found that removal of the retinyl group of bacteriorhodopsin substantially decreases but does not eliminate the electric birefringence of the membrane. The solubilization of the membrane by Triton X-100, however, completely abolishes the electric birefringence. These experiments indicate that there is an interaction between adjacent bacteriorhodopsin molecules within the purple membrane via the retinyl chromophore moiety that builds up the permanent dipole moment. They also suggest that there are two types of response when purple membrane suspensions are placed in an electric field. One is an alignment of the disk-shaped particles with the field. The other is a stacking of the particles following their alignment by the electric field, which is promoted by the induced dipole moment.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230410
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  • 95
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    Folded β-turns and collagenlike conformations of -Gly-Pro- and -Pro-Gly-sequences in synthetic polytripeptides (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 617-621 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230403
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  • 96
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    Computer building of β-helical polypeptide models (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 23-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A general method is presented for computing the atomic coordinates of helices in which a dipeptide is the repeating unit. The method will generate both single- and double-stranded model helices having idealized bond lengths and angles, and any arbitrary, user-specified, pitch and number of residues per turn. The variation of inter- and intrastrand hydrogen bonds with pitch and number of residues per turn can thus be examined. An application of the method is the construction of a β-helix having pitch of 6.3 Å per turn and 4.85 residues per turn, a model which can pack nicely into the unit cell of crystals of cation-bound gramicidin A.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230104
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  • 97
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    Conformational change in yeast tRNAAsp (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 71-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The structure of yeast tRNAAsp in aqueous solutions has been analyzed in the light of results obtained from Raman spectra recorded at from 5 to 82°C and compared to those of tRNAPhe. Firm evidence is given of a reversible conformation transition for tRNAAsp at 20°C. This transition is observed for the first time in the tRNA series. The low-temperature conformation appears to have a more regular ribose-phosphate backbone and a more effective G base-stacking. This conformational change, which occurs essentially in the D loop, could be connected to the existence of two (A and B) crystal forms obtained depending on crystallization conditions. The melting temperatures, which are different for each base stacking in tRNAAsp, lie in a range of about 70°C, much higher than for tRNAPhe. This fact is interpreted by a higher ratio of G-C base pairs in tRNAAsp.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230107
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  • 98
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    Interaction of poly-5-bromouridylic acid. I. Formation of helical complexes with various adenine and 2-aminoadenine derivatives (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 493-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Complexes of poly(BU) with various adenine derivatives were investigated by circular dichroism (CD) and absorption spectroscopy. A 1:2 stoichiometry was indicated on CD mixing curves for typical complexes of 9-substituted adenine and 2-aminoadenine derivatives with poly(BU). The CD spectrum of adenosine·2poly(BU) is characterized by well-resolved bands in the range of 210-350 nm. Other adenine derivative-poly(BU) complexes also afford similar CD spectra, while 2-aminoadenine derivative-poly(BU) complexes give quite different spectra. Attempts to assign representative CD spectra were made using the transition of helical poly(BU) and the respective purine polynucleotides. The similarity of the CD spectra suggests that poly(A)·2poly(BU) and adenine derivative-poly(BU) complexes are nearly identical in structure except for the ribose-phosphate linkage. The fact that the uv isosbestic point of adenosine·2poly(BU) falls in close proximity to that of the corresponding polymer complex also supports this conclusion. In the formation of stable helices, the ribose moiety is dispensable in the “strand” of purine. The Tm of 9-methyladenine·2poly(BU) is somewhat higher than that of adenosine·2poly(BU) under equivalent conditions. The Tm difference with the monomer-poly(U) system was found to be about 20°C in 0.4M NaCl-0.02M Na-cacodylate-5 × 10-4M EDTA (pH 7.0). Further, it was noted that the monomer-poly(BU) complexes are formed even when the Tm is lower than that of self-folded poly(BU).
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230307
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  • 99
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    31P-NMR studies of deoxyoligonucleotides (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 575-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The assignments of 31P resonances of eight short oligonucleotides have been achieved through specific heterodecoupling techniques reported previously from our laboratory [Cheng et al. (1982) Biopolymers 21, 697-701]. The temperature dependence of the assigned 31P chemical shifts of these oligomers was studied and compared to the constitutive dimeric units. This comparison gives some insight to the chemical-shift values of the phosphorus resonances of oligonucleotides. (1) The 3′-end terminal phosphorus resonance in an oligomer tends to locate at a spectral position relatively close to its constitutive dimeric unit. (2) On chain elongation (from 5′-toward 3′-end), the phosphorus resonance in the oligomer will be shifted upfield by 0.2-0.3 ppm, as compared to its constitutive dimeric unit. (3) The relative positions of phosphorus resonances in an oligomer tend to remain in the same order as their constitutive dimeric units. The above obsrvations lead to the development of a new procedure to assign the 31P resonance of a single-stranded oligonucleotide.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230311
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    L-Alanyl-glycylglycine: FT-IR and Raman spectroscopic evidence for tripeptide packing in a collagenlike arrangement (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 23 (1984), S. 623-627 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360230404
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