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  • 1980-1984  (2,125)
  • 1945-1949  (538)
  • 1900-1904  (2,452)
  • 1890-1899  (2,329)
  • 1880-1889  (782)
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  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 2154-2174 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Reactions of Compounds of the 5,6-Diazalumibullvalene SeriesThe 9,10-diazasnoutane derivatives 3a und 16 can be rearranged to the 5,6-diazalumibullvalene derivatives 4a and 17 on treatment with acids.  -  The methyl-substituted diazasnoutane 16 is prepared by a new route. This compares favourably with an alternative procedure involving the bromination of methylcyclooctatetraene as a key step.  -  The thermal behaviour of the azo compounds 23 - 26  -  prepared from 4a  -  is investigated.  -  Some azoxy compounds of the 5,6-diazalumibullvalene series have been synthesized. The location of the oxygen atom can not be deduced from NMR spectroscopy and has been established by an X-ray analysis of 37.
    Notes: Die 9,10-Diazasnoutan-Derivate 3a und 16 lassen sich mit Säuren zu den 5,6-Diazalumibullvalen-Derivaten 4a und 17 umlagern.  -  Für die Darstellung des methyl-substituierten Diazasnoutan-Derivats 16 wird ein neuer Weg beschrieben, und es werden dessen Vorteile gegenüber einem alternativen Verfahren, das die Bromierung von Methylcyclooctatetraen beinhaltet, diskutiert.  -  Das thermische Verhalten der aus 4a zugänglichen Azoverbindungen 23 - 26 wird untersucht.  -  Die Position des Sauerstoffs in verschiedenen Azoxyverbindungen mit 5,6-Diazalumibullvalen-Gerüst läßt sich kernresonanzspektroskopisch nicht einwandfrei festlegen und wird über die Röntgenstrukturanalyse von 37 ermittelt.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 2183-2188 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of New Sulfur TriimidesTri-tert-butylsulfur triimide (1b) reacts with isocyanates R—NCO (R = perfluoroalkyl, sulfonyl, pentafluorosulfanyl, FSO2N=C(CF3)-) to give the corresponding di-tert-sulfur triimides (tBuN)2S(NR) (3a-d, 4a, b, 5, 6) in high yields. By the same method the bis(trimethylsilyl) derivative (Me3SiN)2S(N—CF(CF3)2) (7) is prepared.
    Notes: Tri-tert-butylschwefeltriimid (1b) reagiert mit Isocyanaten R—NCO (R = Perfluoralkyl-, Sulfonyl-, Pentafluorsulfanyl-, FSO2N=C(CF3)-) in hohen Ausbeuten zu den entsprechenden Di-tert-butylschwefeltriimiden (tBuN)2S(NR) (3a-d, 4a, b, 5, 6) und tBuNCO. Auf gleichem Wege konnte auch das Bis(trimethylsilyl)-Derivat (Me3SiN)2S(N—CF(CF3)2) (7) dargestellt werden.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 2200-2210 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactivity of Metal-Metal Bonds. Trinuclear Complexes by Cleavage of Fe—Mo and Fe—W BondsIn arsenic-bridged dinuclear organometallic complexes (1) with Fe—Mo and Fe—W bonds only in a few cases the simple nucleophilic cleavage of the metal-metal bonds by organometal dimethylarsenides (2) can be achieved. In addition rearrangement and substitution reactions are observed, and the always resulting trinuclear complexes with and without metal-metal bonds are partly in equilibrium with the starting complexes. In one case rearrangement leads to an ionic compound with a Fe—W bonded cation and the Cp(CO)3Cr anion.
    Notes: Bei arsenverbrückten Organometall-Zweikernkomplexen (1) mit Fe—Mo- und Fe—W-Bindungen läßt sich mit Organometall-dimethylarseniden (2) nur in einigen Fällen die einfache nucleophile Öffnung der Metall-Metall-Bindung erzielen. Dazu werden Umlagerungs- und Substitutionsreaktionen beobachtet, und die in jedem Fall entstehenden Dreikernkomplexe mit und ohne Metall-Metall-Bindung stehen z, T. mit den Ausgangskomplexen im Gleichgewicht. In einem Falle führt Umlagerung zu einer Ionenverbindung mit einem Fe—W-verknüpften Kation und dem Cp(CO)3 Cr-Anion.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 2211-2220 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Ring Opening Conversions of the Spiro[2.4]hepta-4,6-diene System with Iron CarbonylsOpening of the three-membered ring of spiro[2.4]hepta-4,6-diene (1) by Fe2(CO)9 and CO insertion leads to the bridged η1-acyl-η5-cyclopentadienyl complex 3, which with additional Fe2(CO)9 via the labile intermediate 6 forms the dinuclear methylfulvene complex 4 by decarbonylation, insertion of a Fe(CO)4 unit, and hydrogen migration.
    Notes: Die Umwandlung des Spiro[2.4]hepta-4,6-diens (1) mit Fe2(CO)9 führt unter Öffnung des Dreirings und CO-Einschiebung zum überbrückten η1-Acyl-η5-cyclopentadienyl-Komplex 3, der bei der Einwirkung von weiterem Fe2(CO)9 unter Decarbonylierung, Einschub einer Fe(CO)4 -Einheit und H-Verschiebung über die labile Zwischenstufe 6 zu dem vom Methylfulven abgeleiteten Zweikernkomplex 4 weiterreagiert.
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 2025-2027 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Hydrogenation of Eight-Membered Ring Acetylenes with AlcoholsEight-membered ring acetylenes are reduced by ethanol and 2-propanol to the corresponding eight-membered ring olefins. In the case of tert-butyl alcohol no hydrogenation of the triple bond is observed under the conditions used (temperature: 100 °C).
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 2007-2014 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Strained Cyclic Acetylenes, VIII. Hydrogenation of Angle Strained Seven-Membered Cycloalkynes with AlcoholsThe strained seven-membered cycloalkyne 1a reacts at room temperature with methanol, 2-propanol, and benzyl alcohols, respectively, to give the alkene 2a and the corresponding carbonyl compounds. The H/D-isotope effects were investigated and a mechanism is proposed for this reaction on the basis of the rate law.
    Notes: Das gespannte Siebenring-Acetylen 1a reagiert bei Raumtemperatur mit Methanol, 2-Propanol und Benzylalkoholen; dabei werden das Alken 2a und die den Alkoholen entsprechenden Carbonylverbindungen gebildet. Die H/D-Isotopeneffekte wurden untersucht, und aufgrund des Geschwindigkeitsgesetzes wird ein Mechanismus für diese Reaktion vorgeschlagen.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 2015-2024 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Vinyl Cations, 32. Solvolysis Reactions of Cyclononynyl- and Cyclooctynyl Derivatives5-Cyclononyn-1-yl 4-nitrobenzoate (11), 4-cyclononyn-1-yl 4-nitrobenzoate (12), and 4-cyclooctyn-1-yl 4-nitrobenzoate (13) were synthesized and their solvolysis reactions in different solvent systems were studied. 11 rearranges on solvolysis in 50% ethanol practically quantitatively by transanular participation of the triple bond via the vinyl cation intermediate 20 to give bicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-2-one (21). On the other hand the 4-nitrobenzoates 12 and 13 solvolyse without transanular reaction, in spite of the spatial nearness between triple bond and functional C-atom. This shows that under the solvolytic conditions the strained bicyclic vinyl cations 29 - 32 were not formed as intermediates.
    Notes: 5-Cyclononin-1-yl-(4-nitrobenzoat) (11), 4-Cyclononin-1-yl-(4-nitrobenzoat) (12) und 4-Cyclooctin-1-yl-(4-nitrobenzoat) (13) wurden synthetisiert und ihre Solvolysereaktionen in verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln untersucht. 11 lagert bei der Solvolyse in 50proz. wäßrigem Ethanol unter transanularer Beteiligung der Dreifachbindung über die Vinyl-Kation-Zwischenstufe 20 praktisch quantitativ in Bicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-2-on (21) um. Dagegen solvolysieren die 4-Nitrobenzoate 12 und 13 trotz räumlicher Nähe von Dreifachbindung und funktionellem C-Atom ohne transanulare Reaktion. Dies deutet darauf hin, daß unter Solvolysebedingungen die gespannten bicyclischen Vinyl-Kationen 29 - 32 nicht als Zwischenstufen gebildet werden.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 2028-2030 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Enehydrazines, 28. Preparation and Transformation of two Isomeric PyrazolinesThe formerly prepared pyrazolidines 1a, b are dehydrogenated to the title compounds 2a, b. Compound 2a epimerizes to 2b which eliminates methyl acetate to give the pyrazole 3.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 2052-2054 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of [3]-PrerotaxanesStarting from the doubly bridged 5-amino-1,3-benzodioxole derivative 1 the [3]-prerotaxanes 4c, 5c, 6c are synthesised as a mixture of isomers in a four step reaction sequence.
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 2055-2061 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Direct Hydroxymethylation to Branched-chain Sugars by means of a Hydroxymethyl-d1 ReagentBlocked ketoses react with the dianion 2 directly to hydroxymethylation products. Butylation products have been found as by-products. The procedure in which the yields are limited can be used favourably in special cases.
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980) 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 2314-2317 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Preparation of 1,5-Benzothiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dionesThe 1,5-benzothiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-diones 1a - f are obtained from 2-aminothiophenols and S,S′-diphenyl dithiomalonates or malonic acid and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 2063-2068 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation of Sulfur Nitrogen Boron Compounds; Crystal and Molecular Structure of an Eight-membered S—N—B Ring1,1,5,5-Tetramethyl-3,7-diphenyl-1λ6,5λ6,2,4,6,8,3,7-dithiatetrazadiborocin (4), an eight-membered ring, was synthesized by the reaction of dichlorophenylborane (3) with S,S-dimethyl-N,N′-bis(trimethylsilyl)sulfodiimide (2). The reaction of 3 with N,N′-dimethyl-N,N′-bis(trimethylsilyl)sulfamide (5) yields a polymeric compound 6. The molecular structure of 4 was determined from single crystal X-ray data and refined to an unweighted R-value of 0.079. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca. The eight-membered ring exhibits significant deviations from planarity.
    Notes: 1,1,5,5-Tetramethyl-3,7-diphenyl-1λ6, 5λ6,2,4,6,8,3,7-dithiatetrazadiborocin (4), ein achtgliedriger Ring, wurde durch Reaktion von Dichlorphenylboran (3) mit S,S-Dimethyl-N,N′-bis(trimethylsilyl)sulfodiimid (2) dargestellt. Die Umsetzung von 3 mit N,N-Dimethyl-N,N′-bis(trimethylsilyl)sulfamid (5) ergibt ein polymeres Produkt 6. Die Struktur von 4 wurde aus Diffraktometer-Einkristalldaten bestimmt und zu einem ungewichteten R-Wert von 0.079 verfeinert. 4 kristallisiert in der orthorhombischen Raumgruppe Pbca. Der Achtring zeigt erhebliche Abweichungen von der Planarität.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 2333-2341 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Oxidation of Diborane(4) Molecules by ChloraminesThe boron-boron bonds in the diborane(4) molecules (Me2N)2B—Clb(NMe2)2 (1), (Me2N)ClB—BCl(NMe2) (5) and Cl2B—BCl2 (8) as in B4Cl4 are cleaved by the chloramines Me2NCl (2), MeNCl2 and EtNCl2 (9). As oxidation products BCl3 or the corresponding aminoborane and diborylamines can be isolated. The interaction of 8 and 2 leads to the formation of Me2NH · BCl3 as additional product. - Elementary chlorine does not only cleave the B—B but also the B—N bond in 1, giving Me2NCl as one of the reaction products. - The properties of the N-ethylbis(dichloroboryl)amine (11) are discussed.
    Notes: Die Bor-Bor-Bindungen in den Diboran(4)-Molekülen (Me2N)2B—B(NMe2)2 (1), (Me2N)ClB—BCl(NMe2) (5) und Cl2B—BCl2 (8) wie auch in B4Cl4 werden durch die Chloramine Me2NCl (2), MeNCl2 und EtNCl2 (9) gespalten. Als Oxidationsprodukte lassen sich BCl3 oder das entsprechende Aminoboran und Diborylamine isolieren. Die Umsetzung von 8 und 2 führt zusätzlich zur Bildung von Me2NH · BCl3. - Elementares Chlor spaltet in 1 nicht nur die B—B-sondern auch die B—N-Bindung; Me2NCl ist eines der Reaktionsprodukte. - Die Eigenschaften des N-Ethylbis(dichlorboryl)amins (11) werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 2342-2347 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: A Novel 1,3,5,7-Tetraaza-2,4,6,8-tetrasilabicyclo[4.2.0]octaneThe reaction of mono- and dilithio-2,2,4,4,6,6-hexamethylcyclotrisilazane (1, 2) with aminofluorosilanes R—SiF2—NR′SiMe3 (R=F, Me; R′=CMe3, SiMe3) leads to LiF elimination and formation of the cyclotrisilazanes 3-5. The cyclodisilazane 6 is obtained by ring contraction in the reaction of compound 5 with butyllithium and F3SiN(CMe3)(SiMe3). The lithium salt of 5 forms the novel title compound 7 by an intramolecular reaction with LiF- elimination, silyl group and methanide ion migration. Another bicyclic compound 8 is obtained in the reaction of 2 with C4H9Li and F2SiMeN(SiMe3)2. The reaction mechanism is discussed.
    Notes: Mono- und dilithiiertes 2,2,4,4,6,6-Hexamethylcyclotrisilazan (1, 2) reagieren mit Aminofluorsilanen des Typs R—SiF2—NR′SiMe3 (R=F, Me; R′=CMe3, SiMe3) unter LiF-Abspaltung zu den Cyclotrisilazanen 3-5.5 reagiert mit Butyllithium und F3SiN(CMe3)(SiMe3) unter Ringkontraktion zum Cyclodisilazan 6. Intramolekular bildet das Lithiumsalz von 5 unter LiF-Abspaltung, Silylgruppen- und Methanid-Ionen-Wanderung die neuartige Titelverbindung 7. Ein weiterer Bicyclus (8) entsteht bei der Umsetzung von 2 mit C4H9Li und Me—SiF2—N(SiMe3)2. Der Bildungsmechanismus wird diskutiert.
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  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 2348-2357 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The 1,2-Azaborolinyl Anion as Complex Ligand-Preparation and Investigation of (η-1,2-Azaborolinyl)iron Complexes1-tert-Butyl-3-methyl-2-phenyl-Δ3-1,2-azaboroline (1) reacts with Fe(CO)5 to form the novel azaborolinyl complex di-μ-carbonyl-bis[(1-tert-butyl-3-methyl-2-phenyl-η-1,2-azaborolinyl)carbonyliron](Fe—Fe) (2), where the azaborolinyl ring serves as 6π-electron donor in a sense of the isoelectronic cyclopentadienyl anion. 2 exists as cis- (2a) and as trans isomer (2b). The Fe—Fe bond can be cleaved oxidatively by iodine forming (ring)Fe(CO)2I (3). Reductive cleavage with potassium leads to [(ring)Fe(CO)2]K which reacts with (CH3)3SiCl to give (ring)Fe(CO)2—Si(CH3)3 (4). The IR, 1H NMR, 11B NMR, and mass spectra of the compounds are discussed. The molecular structures of 2a and 3 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods.
    Notes: 1-tert-Butyl-3-methyl-2-phenyl-Δ3-1,2-azaborolin (1) reagiert mit Fe(CO)5 zu dem neuartigen Azaborolinyl-Komplex Di-μ-carbonyl-bis[(1-tert-butyl-3-methyl-2-phenyl-η-1,2-azaborolinyl)-carbonyleisen](Fe—Fe) (2), in welchem der Azaborolinylring im Sinne des isoelektronischen Cyclopentadienyl-Anions als 6π-Elektronendonator fungiert. 2 existiert in Form des cis- (2a) und trans-Isomeren (2b). Die Fe—Fe-Bindung kann durch Iod oxidativ unter Bildung von (Ring)Fe(CO)2I (3) gespalten werden. Reduktive Spaltung mit Kalium führt zum [(Ring)Fe(CO)2]K, das mit (CH3)3SiCl zu (Ring)Fe(CO)2—Si(CH3)3 (4) reagiert. Die IR-, 1H-NMR-, 11B-NMR- und Massenspektren der Verbindungen werden diskutiert. Die Molekülstrukturen von 2a und 3 wurden mittels Einkristall-Röntgenbeugungsmethoden bestimmt.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 2358-2371 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cyclophanes, XIII. On the Chemical Behaviour of [2.2.2](1,2,4)Cyclophane[2.2.2](1,2,4)Cyclophane (10) has been prepared by several routes from dimethyl [2.2]paracyclophane-4,13-dicarboxylate (5) and subjected to the following reactions: pyrolysis in p-diisopropylbenzene and dimethyl maleate (formation of 13 and 16, respectively), isomerization in the presence of aluminiumtrichloride/hydrogenchloride to the unsymmetrical [2.2.2](1,2,4)(1,2,5)cyclophane (17), bromination to afford 20, catalytic hydrogenation to the di- and monoolefin 22 and 23, respectively, Diels-Alder-addition with N-phenyltriazolindione, tetracyanoethylene, dicyanoacetylene, and maleic anhydride which provides 1:1- (29) and 1:2-adducts (30). The relation between chemical reactivity and degree of bridging in multiply-bridged cyclophanes is discussed.
    Notes: [2.2.2](1,2,4)Cyclophan (10) wird auf mehreren Wegen aus [2.2]Paracyclophan-4,13-dicarbonsäure-dimethylester (5) hergestellt und in folgenden Reaktionen untersucht: Pyrolyse in p-Diisopropylbenzol und Maleinsäure-dimethylester (Bildung von 13 bzw. 16), Isomerisierung in Gegenwart von Aluminiumtrichlorid/Chlorwasserstoff zum unsymmetrischen [2.2.2](1,2,4)(1,2,5)Cyclophan (17), Bromierung zu 20, katalytische Hydrierung zum Di- bzw. Monoolefin 22 und 23, Diels-Alder-Addition mit N-Phenyltriazolindion, Tetracyanethylen, Dicyanacetylen und Maleinsäureanhydrid, wobei 1:1- (29) und 1:2-Addukte (30) isoliert werden. Der Zusammenhang von Überbrückungsgrad und chemischer Reaktivität mehrfach verbrückter Phane wird diskutiert.
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  • 118
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 2383-2397 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of CyclooctenynesThe three isomeric cis-cyclooctenynes 2-4 are prepared. The ring strain is enhanced in comparison to cyclooctyne (1) and increases from 1 to 4. The resulting consequences on life time and reactivity of the compounds are discussed.
    Notes: Die drei strukturisomeren cis-Cyclooctenine 2-4 werden dargestellt. Im Vergleich zu Cyclooctin (1) ist die Ringspannung dieser Systeme erhöht: sie wächst in der Reihenfolge 1, 2, 3, 4. Die sich daraus ergebenden Auswirkungen auf die Lebensdauer und Reaktivität der Verbindungen werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 119
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 2398-2409 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Ring Strain of Cycloalkynes and its Spectroscopic ConsequencesThe enthalpies of formation ΔHf and geometrical strain energies Eg. Sp. of cyclooctyne (1) and the three isomeric cyclooctenynes 5-7 are calculated with the MINDO/2-method on the basis of complete geometry optimizations. The frequencies of the C≡C-stretching vibrations (fig. 4) and the 13C-shifts of the acetylenic carbon atoms (fig. 6) obey quantitative correlations, which are very useful for the evaluation of geometrical ring strains.
    Notes: Bildungsenthalpien ΔHf und geometrische Ringspannungen Eg. Sp. für Cyclooctin (1) und die drei isomeren Cyclooctenine 5-7 werden nach der MINDO/2-Methode auf der Basis vollständiger Geometrie-Optimierungen berechnet. Mit den Frequenzen der C≡C-Valenzschwingungen (Abb. 4) und mit den 13C-Verschiebungswerten der acetylenischen Kohlenstoffatome (Abb. 6) ergeben sich quantitative Korrelationen, die zur Abschätzung von geometrischen Ringspannungen von großem Wert sind.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 120
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 2372-2382 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions of Cyclopropenes, IV. Cyclooligomerisation of 3,3-Dimethylcyclopropene with Palladium(0) CatalystsThe cyclooligomerisation of 3,3-dimethylcyclopropene (1) with phosphane-free palladium(0) catalysts, e.g. bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)palladium, bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium, or a catalyst prepared “in situ” from palladium acetylacetonate and ethoxydiethylaluminium, leads to the trans-tricyclohexane derivative 2 and to three isomeric tetrakishomocyclooctatetraene compounds (4) [4a (anti,syn,anti); 4b (anti,anti,anti); 4c (possibly syn,anti,anti)]. In contrast, a (tri-sec-alkylphosphane)palladium(0) catalyst (Pd/P = 1:1) cyclotrimerises 1 in aromatic hydrocarbons to give the trans-σ-trishomobenzene derivative 3 in over 90% yield. The cyclooligomerisation of 1 using other triorgano-phosphane or -phosphite/palladium(0) catalysts leads to a mixture of products. Besides 2, 3, and 4 a second cyclotrimer of 1 (5) and higher oligomers of 1 are produced. The cyclotrimerisation of 1 to 3 is also influenced by the Pd/phosphane ratio and the solvent used.
    Notes: 3,3-Dimethylcyclopropen (1) wird an phosphan-freien Palladium(0)-Katalysatoren, wie Bis(1,5-cyclooctadien)palladium, Bis(dibenzylidenaceton)palladium oder einem „in situ“ aus Palladiumacetylacetonat und Ethoxydiethylaluminium hergestellten Katalysator, zum trans-Tricyclohexanderivat 2 und zu drei isomeren Tetrakishomocyclooctatetraenen (4) [4a (anti,syn,anti); 4b (anti,anti,anti); 4c (vermutlich syn,anti,anti)] cyclisiert. Dagegen erfolgt an tri-sec-alkylphosphan-modifizierten Palladium(0)-Katalysatoren (Pd/P = 1:1) in aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen glatt eine Cyclotrimerisierung von 1 zum trans-σ-Trishomobenzolderivat 3. Andere Triorganylphosphan oder -phosphit/Palladium(0)-Katalysatoren bewirken eine uneinheitlichere Cyclooligomerisierung von 1. Neben 2, 3 und 4 entstehen auch 5 als weiteres Cyclotrimeres von 1 und höhere Oligomere. Auch das Palladium/Phosphan-Verhältnis sowie das Lösungsmittel können die Cyclotrimerisierung von 1 zu 3 beeinflussen.
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  • 121
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 2424-2429 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Influence of Substrate Micellisation on the Rate of Solvolysis of 1-Methylheptyl Methanesulfonate in Dioxane-WaterThe solvolysis rate of 1-methylheptyl mesylate in 25% dioxane-75% H2O was conductometrically determined at 35°C for varying substrate concentrations (c0 = 0.002-0.08 mol/l). The rate constant decreased with increasing concentration in a manner typical of substrate micellisation above the cmc. A phase diagram shows that in this range of concentration the system is passing from the one phase into the two phase region. The implications of this observation for the experimental background of the ion-pair SN2-mechanism proposed by Sneen in 1969 are discussed.
    Notes: Die konduktometrisch bei 35°C bestimmte Solvolysekonstante von 1-Methylheptyl-methansulfonat in 25% Dioxan-75% Wasser sinkt mit steigender Substratkonzentration (c0 = 0.002-0.08 mol/l). Ein Phasendiagramm zeigt, daß in diesem Konzentrationsbereich der Übergang vom einphasigen in den zweiphasigen Bereich erfolgt. Die Bedeutung dieser Beobachtung für die experimentellen Grundlagen des von Sneen 1969 vorgeschlagenen Ionenpaar-SN2-Mechanismus wird diskutiert.
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  • 122
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 2410-2423 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Naturally Occurring Terpene Derivatives, 272. On the Constituents of Zexmenia gnaphaloides and the Synthesis of Valerenane DerivativesThe investigation of a Mexican Zexmenia species afforded in addition to known compounds three new eudesmanolides (9-11) as well as five sesquiterpenes (31b, c, 33, 34a, b), the stereochemistry of which could not be established directly. Therefore the main compound 31c has been synthesized. By intramolecular diene synthesis the preparation of a suitable tetrahydroindane (19) was possible. From this, three of the possible four stereoisomeric aldehydes (23c, 24c, 30c) have been prepared. While one of the obtained aldehydes could be transformed into the compound isolated from the Zexmenia species (31c, obtained as ester 31a), the second one yielded valerenal (25c), one of the constituents of Valeriana officinalis. The thermodynamically most stable isomeric aldehyde 24c surprisingly is formed already under very mild conditions from both other aldehydes 23c and 30c.
    Notes: Die Untersuchung einer mexikanischen Zexmenia-Art ergibt neben bekannten Verbindungen drei neue Eudesmanolide (9-11), sowie fünf Sesquiterpene (31b, c, 33, 34a, b), deren Stereochemie nicht eindeutig geklärt werden konnte. Der Hauptvertreter 31c wurde daher synthetisch dargestellt. Durch intramolekulare Diensynthese gelingt die Darstellung eines geeigneten Tetrahydroindan-Derivates (19). Daraus wurden von vier möglichen stereoisomeren Aldehyden drei dargestellt (23c, 24c, 30c). Während einer der erhaltenen Aldehyde in die aus der Zexmenia-Art isolierten Verbindung 31c (als Ester 31a) übergeführt werden konnte, liefert der zweite Valerenal (25c), einen der Inhaltsstoffe aus Valeriana officinalis. Der thermodynamisch stabilste Aldehyd 24c entsteht überraschenderweise durch Isomerisierung aus beiden anderen Isomeren 23c und 30c bereits unter sehr milden Bedingungen.
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  • 123
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 2430-2433 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Sulfur-Sulfur Difluoride ImidesHg(NSF2)2 (1) reacts with S2Cl2 to give (SNSF2)2 (4). From OSCl2 or SF5NSCl2 and 1 OSF—NSF2 (6) and F5S—NSF—NSF2 (8) are prepared. The reaction mechanism and spectroscopic data are discussed.
    Notes: Hg(NSF2)2 (1) reagiert mit S2Cl2 zu (SNSF2)2 (4). Aus OSCl2 bzw. SF5NSCl2 und 1 werden OSF—NSF2 (6) bzw. F5S—NSF—NSF2 (8) dargestellt. Über den Mechanismus sowie über spektroskopische Untersuchungen wird berichtet.
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  • 124
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 2434-2440 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: λ6-ThiadiazetidinonesFrom sulfur triimides (tBuN)2S(NRf) (5) and excess RfNCO (2) λ6-thiadiazetidinones 9 are obtained. Reaction mechanisms for the formation of 9 and the properties of this class of compounds are discussed.
    Notes: Aus den Schwefeltriimiden (tBuN)2S(NRf) (5) und überschüssigem RfNCO (2) entstehen die λ6-Thiadiazetidinone 9. Reaktionsmechanismen für die Bildung von 9 werden vorgeschlagen und die Eigenschaften dieser Verbindungsklasse diskutiert.
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  • 125
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 2441-2461 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Empirische Substituentenparameter für E/Z-GleichgewichtskonstantenEin vorgeschlagener Satz von Substituentenparametern λd erlaubt die Vorhersage der E/Z-Gleichgewichtskonstanten bei Olefinen, Enaminen, Schiffschen Basen, Hydrazonen, Semicarbazonen, Oximen und Nitronen. Der Parametersatz enthält Werte für „nichtbindende“ Elektronenpaare und Nitronsauerstoff sowie für Amino- und Phenylgruppen, die koplanar oder orthogonal zur Doppelbindung gestellt sind. Phenylreste in Ketonanilen bevorzugen die Orthogonalkonformation. Grundsätzliche Beschränkungen des sehr einfachen heuristischen Modells werden besprochen. Es läßt sich anwenden auf den „cis“- und den „ortho“-Effekt, auf Enolate und Schiffsche Basen cyclischer und bicyclischer Ketone.
    Notes: A set of substituent parameters λd is proposed which permits the prediction of E/Z equilibrium constants for olefins, enamines, Schiff bases, hydrazones, semicarbazones, oximes, and nitrones. The set includes values for the „non-bonded“ electron pairs and the nitrone oxygen as well as for amino or phenyl groups coplanar and orthogonal to the double bond. Ketone anils prefer a perpendicular phenyl group. Principal limitations of the very simple heuristic model are discussed. The model is also applied to the „cis“- and „ortho“-effects, enolates, and Schiff bases of cyclic and bicyclic ketones.
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  • 126
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 2490-2498 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Rearrangement Reactions of 2-Alkyl(Aryl)-3-arylimino-1,2-benzisothiazolines3-Chloro-1,2-benzisothiazolium chlorides 1 react with aromatic amines to give the 2-substituted 3-arylimino-1,2-benzisothiazolines 2 which can rearrange to the isomeric 1,2-benzisothiazolines 3 in an equilibrium reaction. On a formal basis this entails an exchange of positions of the substituents (R1 and R2) on the ring and exo nitrogen atoms. The nature of the substituents R1 and R2 is decisive for the position of equilibrium and the rapidity with which it is reached.
    Notes: 3-Chlor-1,2-benzisothiazolium-chloride 1 reagieren mit aromatischen Aminen zu den 2-substituierten 3-Arylimino-1,2-benzisothiazolinen 2, die sich in einer Gleichgewichtsreaktion in die isomeren 1,2-Benzisothiazoline 3 umlagern können. Dieses ergibt formal einen Platzwechsel der Substituenten (R1 u. R2) am Ring- bzw. exocyclischen Stickstoffatom. Die Lage dieses Gleichgewichtes und die Geschwindigkeit seiner Einstellung hängen entscheidend von der Art der Substituenten R1 und R2 ab.
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  • 127
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 2462-2489 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Azomethines, 1-Azaallyl Anions, and Metastable Secondary EnaminesE/Z equilibrium constants of the ketone anils 6a-s do not depend significantly on the inductive substituent effect. 1H NMR chemical shifts used for configurational classification are also effective for assignments in comparable, isomerically almost pure azomethines 6aa-pp and may be explained by the anisotropic shift model. The 1-azaallyl anions 7 prepared by deprotonation are characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Kinetic and thermodynamic control of this metallation reaction result in different preferential configurations of such anions, the methanolysis of which yields metastable sec. enamines 8 by regio- and stereospecific N-protonation. It is possible to estimate further substituent parameters λd from E/Z equilibria.
    Notes: Die E/Z-Gleichgewichtskonstanten der Keton-anile 6a-s hängen nicht wesentlich vom induktiven Substituenteneffekt ab. Die für eine Zuordnung geeigneten 1H-NMR-Verschiebungen gelten auch für vergleichbare, meist isomerenfreie Azomethine 6aa-pp und gehorchen dem Anisotropiemodell. Durch Metallierung entstehen die 1-Azaallyl-Anionen 7; diese werden 1H-NMR-spektroskopisch charakterisiert. Kinetische und thermodynamische Reaktionslenkung führen zu unterschiedlichen Vorzugskonfigurationen dieser Anionen; die Methanolyse liefert metastabile sek. Enamine 8 unter regio- und stereospezifischer N-Protonierung. Aus den E/Z-Gleichgewichtslagen lassen sich weitere Substituentenparameter λd abschätzen.
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  • 128
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 2499-2508 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Imidoylketene Imines, III. Preparation and Conformation of Vinylogous UreasA number of new β-aminocroton- and cinnamamides (3), often with 2-cyano, -keto, or -ester groups, were prepared by addition of the corresponding secondary enamines 1 to isocyanates. In the case of tert-butyl isocyanate the use of zinc chloride was helpful. Some compounds 3 resulted from β-ketocarboxamides 2 and amines. - From the spectra the tautomerism of 2 and the conformations of the compounds 3, which were mostly uniform in solution, were elucidated (type A, B, C).
    Notes: Eine Anzahl neuer β-Aminocrotonsäure- und -zimtsäureamide (3), meist mit 2-Cyan-, -Keto- oder -Estergruppen, wurde durch Addition von entsprechenden sekundären Enaminen 1 und Isocyanaten hergestellt. Im Fall von tert-Butylisocyanat bewährte sich hierbei die Katalyse mit Zinkchlorid. Einige Verbindungen 3 erhielt man aus β-Ketocarbonamiden 2 mit sekundären Aminen. - Die Tautomerie von 2 und die Konformationen der in Lösung meist einheitlichen Verbindungen 3 wurden aus den Spektren abgeleitet (Typen A, B, C).
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  • 129
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 2509-2518 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Imidoylketene Imines, IV. Preparation by Elimination, Properties and Some ReactionsApplication of different procedures for elimination of water and hydrogen sulfide from 3-aminoacrylamides and -thioamides (3, 1) afforded imidoylketene imines (2), partly with additional ester groups. Some of them were isolated, others proven as instable intermediates. Correlations of the constitution and stability are demonstrated and some addition and cycloaddition reactions are described.
    Notes: Anwendung verschiedener Verfahren zur Eliminierung von Wasser und Schwefelwasserstoff aus 3-Aminoacrylsäure-amiden und -thioamiden (3 bzw. 1) ergab mehrere Imidoylketenimine 2, zum Teil mit zusätzlicher Estergruppe. Einige von ihnen wurden isoliert, andere nur in Lösung intermediär nachgewiesen. Zusammenhänge zwischen Stabilität und Konstitution werden aufgezeigt, einige Additions- und Cycloadditions-Reaktionen beschrieben.
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  • 130
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Crystal and Molecular Structure of \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \mathop {\rm P}\limits^ + {\rm CH}_2 {\rm \bar BH}_3 $\end{document}The zwitterionic molecule (CH3)3\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \mathop {\rm P}\limits^ + {\rm CH}_2 {\rm \bar BH}_3 $\end{document} crystallizes orthorhombicly, space group Pna21. While the CH3 groups in (CH3)3PCH2 are bent away from the ylidic function, this strain is relieved in the adduct towards tetrahedral angles. The P—CH2 bond distance is elongated on BH3-addition from a double bond value of 164 to a single bond distance of 175.6 pm.
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  • 131
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 2579-2582 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Enehydrazines, 29. Bromination and Aromatization of 3-(2-Arylidene-1-methylhydrazino)-2-cyclohexen-1-onesThe title compounds 1 and 2 are transformed to the bromo derivatives 3-6 and further to the benzaldehyde (3-hydroxyphenyl)methylhydrazones 7-10. Treatment of the bromide 5 with diluted sodium hydroxide gives the substitution product 15 the constitution of which is secured by means of the model compound 16.
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  • 132
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: „cis-Diaza-bis-σ-homobenzenes“ ([π2s + σ2s + σ2s]-Cycloreversion) -1,4-Dihydro-1,4-diazocines („Aromaticity“)Starting from „cis-benzene triimine“ (3) the N,N′-disubstituted derivatives 8b-f are synthesized in 90-40% yield. Nitrosation to the N-nitroso compounds 10b-f, spectroscopically identified below -30°C, and N2O-elimination lead to the cis-diaza-bis-σ-homobenzenes („cis-benzene diimines“) 11b-f. Their [π2s + σ2s + σ2s]-cycloreversion to the 1,4-disubstituted 1,4-dihydro-1,4-diazocins 14b-e is, depending on the nature of the N-substituent, so fast, that even under the mild reaction conditions (- 30 to - 10°C) only 11b,f and e can be isolated and identified, resp. (11f yields only  -  via 14f?  -  polymers). With Ea = 97 ± 2 kJ · mol-1 (log A = 11.7; ΔH≠ = 92 ± 2kJ · mol-1; ΔS≠ = -31 ± 6 J · K-1 · mol-1) the most stable cis-benzene diimine 11b is clearly more labile than cis-benzene dioxide. From 14d the diazocine dianion 16 is obtainable by conventional means. The 1,4-dihydro-1,4-diazocine parent molecule 5 obtained by protonation of 16 is stable towards acid and base. From this and from systematic 1H- and 13C NMR studies it is concluded, that 5 and its donor-substituted derivatives 14e,g as well as its dianion 16 have a planar structure with strong 10-electron delocalisation („aromatic“ diaza[8]annulenes) whilst the acceptor-substituted derivatives 14b-d prefer the twist-boat-chair conformation and are therefore not diatropic.
    Notes: Ausgehend von „cis-Benzoltriimin“ (3) werden mit 90-40% Ausbeute die N,N′-disubstituierten Derivate 8b-f hergestellt. Nitrosierung zu den unterhalb -30° C 1H-NMR-spektroskopisch identifizierten N-Nitrosoverbindungen 10b-f und N2O-Eliminierung führen zu den cis-Diaza-bis-σ-homobenzolen („cis-Benzoldiiminen“) 11b-f. Deren [π2s + σ2s + σ2s]-Cycloreversion zu den 1,4-disubstituierten 1,4-Dihydro-1,4-diazocinen 14b-e(11f liefert - über 14f? - nur Polymere) ist je nach Art der N-Substitution derart schnell, daß unter den milden Herstellungsbedingungen ( - 30 bis -10°C) nur 11b,f und e isolierbar bzw. identifizierbar sind. Mit Ea = 97 ± 2kJ · mol-1 (log A = 11.7; ΔH≠ = 92 ± 2 kJ · mol-1; ΔS≠ = -31 ± 6J · K-1 · mol-1) ist das stabilste cis-Benzoldiimin 11b deutlich labiler als cis-Benzoldioxid. Aus 14d ist konventionell das 1,4-Diazocin-Dianion 16 erhältlich. Das durch Protonierung von 16 gewonnene 1,4-Dihydro-1,4-diazocin-Grundgerüst 5 ist bei Säure- bzw. Baseeinwirkung stabil. Daraus und aus systematischen 1H- und 13C-NMR-Untersuchungen wird gefolgert, daß es sich bei dem Grundgerüst 5, den donorsubstituierten Derivaten 14e, g und dem Dianion 16 um planare, durch cyclische 10-Elektronendelokalisierung charakterisierte „aromatische“ Diaza[8]annulene handelt, während die akzeptorsubstituierten Derivate 14b-d die mobile Twist-Boot-Sessel-Konformation bevorzugen und nicht diatrop sind.
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  • 133
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Behavior of Mono- and Diorganylphosphane Sulfides towards Metal Carbonyl Systems, XXII. Synthesis and Stabilization of the Dimethylarsinous Acid on Transition Metal Ligand SystemsDimethylarsinous acid, stabilized by the complexes LnMX(CO)2 — As(CH3)2OH (3a - c) [X = CLn = η5-C5H5: M = Mo (a), W (b); X = Br, Ln = (CO)2: M = Mn (c)], was isolated for the first time by alkaline hydrolysis of the As — Cl bond in the compounds LnMX(CO)2— As(CH3)2Cl (2a - c) which are obtained by ligand exchange from LnM(CO)3X (1a - c) and As(CH3)2Cl. In comparison with dimethylphosphinous acid the IR and 1H NMR spectra point to a lower acidity of the OH bond.
    Notes: Durch alkalische Hydrolyse der As — Cl-Bindung in den Verbindungen LnMX(CO)2 — As(CH3)2CL (2a-c) [X = Cl, Ln = η5-C5H5: M = Mo (a), W (b); X = Br, Ln = (CO)2: M = Mn (c)], welche man durch Ligandenaustausch aus LnM(CO)3X (1a - c) und As(CH3)2Cl erhält, konnte erstmals die in den Komplexen LnMX(CO)2 — As(CH3)2OH (3a - c) stabilisierte Dimethylarsinige Säure isoliert werden. Die IR- und 1H-NMR-Spektren weisen im Vergleich zur Dimethylphosphinigen Säure auf eine geringere Acidität der OH-Bindung hin.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 3268-3274 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations on Steric and Electronic Influences on the Reactivity of Acetyl(diorganyl)-phosphanes and their OxidesThe aliphatic-aromatic and pure aromatic acetyl(diorganyl)phosphanes CH3C(O)PR1R2 (1a - e) [R2 = Ph: R1 = Bzl (a), c-C6H11 (b), t-Bu (c); R1 = R2 = 3-CF3C6H4 (d), Mesityl (e)], of which only 1e is stable towards molecular oxygen, can be obtained from CH3C(O)Cl and (CH3)3SiPR1R2 or HPR1R2 in the presence of NEt3 [eq. (1)]. The corresponding oxides CH3C(O)P(O)R1R2 (2a - e) are formed by reaction of [CH3C(O)]2O with HP(O)R1R2 [eq. (2)] and can be hydrolyzed with stoichiometric amounts of water to give CH3CO2H and HP(O)R1R2 [eq. (3)]. With the last-named oxides however only 2a, b, d react to the stable alcohols CH3C[(O)PR1R2]2OH (3a, b, d). The reactivity of the newly prepared compounds 1a - e, 2a - e and 3a, b, d depends on electronic and steric influences of the organic residues linked to the phosphorus.
    Notes: Die aliphatisch-aromatischen und rein aromatischen Acetyl(diorganyl)phosphane CH3C(O)PR1R2 (1a - e) [R2 = Ph: R1 = Bzl (a), c-C6H11 (b), t-Bu (c); R1 = R2 = 3-CF3C6H4 (d), Mesityl (e)], von denen nur 1e gegenüber molekularem Sauerstoff beständig ist, werden aus CH3C(O)Cl und (CH3)3SiPR1R2 oder HPR1R2 in Gegenwart von NEt3 erhalten [G1. (1)]. Die entsprechenden Oxide CH3C(O)P(O)R1R2(2ax-e) entstehen durch Umsetzung von [CH3C(O)]2O mit HP(O)R1R2 [G1. (2)] und können mit stöchiometrischen Mengen Wasser zu CH3CO2H und HP(O)R1R2 hydrolysiert werden [G1. (3)]. Mit letzteren reagieren jedoch nur 2a, b, d zu den beständigen Alkoholen CH3C[(O)PR1R2]2OH (3a, b, d). Die Reaktivität der neu dargestellten Verbindungen 1a - e, 2a - e und 3a, b, d hängt von elektronischen und sterischen Einflüssen der an den Phosphor gebundenen Organylreste ab.
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  • 135
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 3294-3302 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Temperature Effects on the Selectivity of σ-RadicalsBent σ-radicals 3a - i, generated from alkylmercuric salts 1 and/or peresters 2, were treated with a BrCCl3/CCl4 competition system at different temperatures. Exner-analysis of these selectivity data (table 1) shows, that radicals of sp2 type 3a - d and bridgehead radicals 3e - i follow different isoselective relationships (figure 1,2). Reversal of the selectivity row occurs at 310 and 210 K, respectively. Above of these isoselective temperatures less shielded radicals are more selective than more shielded radicals because entropy effects overcompensate enthalpy effects (table 2). Comparison with π-radicals 6 shows, that each type of carbon radicals follows an isoselective relationship by its own.
    Notes: Die abgewinkelten σ-Radikale 3a - i, erzeugt aus den Alkylquecksilbersalzen 1 und/oder Perestern 2, wurden im BrCCl3/CCl4-Konkurrenzsystem bei unterschiedlichen Temperaturen umgesetzt. Die Exner-Analyse dieser Selektivitätswerte (s. Tab. 1) zeigt, daß die Radikale vom sp2-Typ 3a - d und die Brückenkopf-Radikale 3e - i unterschiedlichen isoselektiven Beziehungen gehorchen (s. Abb. 1,2). Die Umkehrung der Selektivitätsreihe erfolgt bei 310 bzw. 210 K. Oberhalb dieser isoselektiven Temperaturen sind weniger abgeschirmte Radikale selektiver als sterisch gehindertere Radikale, weil die Entropieeffekte die Enthalpieeffekte überkompensieren (s. Tab. 2). Der Vergleich mit den π-Radikalen 6 zeigt, daß jeder Typ von Kohlenstoff-Radikalen einer eigenen isoselektiven Beziehung gehorcht.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 136
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 3334-3341 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions of Methylenecyclopropane, IV. Palladium(0)-catalyzed Codimerization of Methylenecyclopropane with AlkenesTriorganylphosphane-modified palladium(0) compounds catalyze the codimerization of methylenecyclopropane (1) with ethylene, norbornene, dicyclopentadiene or norbornadiene to give substituted methylenecyclopentane derivatives 3 - 7. In all of these reactions the three-membered ring of 1 is opened between C2 and C3. 1-Alkenes, alkenes with an internal double bond and unstrained cycloalkenes as well as alkynes and 1,3-butadiene do not react in this manner.
    Notes: Triorganylphosphan-modifizierte Palladium(0)-Verbindungen katalysieren die Codimerisierung von Methylencyclopropan (1) mit Ethylen, Norbornen, Dicyclopentadien oder Norbornadien unter Öffnung des Dreirings zwischen C2 und C3 zu den substituierten Methylencyclopentan-Derivaten 3 - 7. 1-Alkene, wie auch Alkene mit mittelständiger Doppelbindung oder Cycloalkene, die keine gespannte Doppelbindung enthalten, gehen diese Reaktion nicht ein. Ebensowenig erfolgreich waren Versuche einer Codimerisierung von 1 mit Alkinen oder 1,3-Butadien.
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  • 137
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Transition Metal Substituted Phosphanes, Arsanes, and Stibanes, XXIII. Stable Transition Metal Dimethylarsanes Bearing a Tricarbonyl(cyclopentadienyl)chromium, -molybdenum or -tungsten SubstituentBy the interaction of (CH3)2AsCl with [C5H5(CO)3M]Na or C5H5(CO)3M - Si(CH3)3 stable carbonyl(cyclopentadienyl)metal dimethylarsanes of the formula C5H5(CO)3M - As(CH3)2 (M = Cr, Mo, W) (1 - 3) are obtained for the first time. Their thermal treatment in the solid state yields [(CH3)2As]2 and [C5H5(CO)3M]2, in solution with loss of CO the cyclic species [C5H5(CO)2M - As(CH3)2]2 4a (Mo), 4b (W) are formed. Under photolytic conditions in addition to 4a, b the aggregation products trans-C5H5(CO)2[C5H5(CO)3M - As(CH3)2]M - As (CH3)2 (5a, b) and [trans-C5H5(CO)2M - As(CH3)2]x (6a, b) are isolated. Alkyl halides and (CH3)3SiI readily convert 1 - 3 into the cationic complexes [C5H5(CO)3M - As(CH3)2R]X (R = CH3, CH2C(O)C6H5, CH2Si(CH3)3, Si(CH3)3; X = Br, I) (7a - f). With chlorine or bromine the extremely labile dihalogen adducts C5H5(CO)3M - As(CH3)2Hal2 (8a - c) are formed, which rapidly decompose to (CH3)2AsHal and C5H5(CO)3MoHal or C5H5(CO)3WH. HCl, CF3CO2H, (CH3)3SnH, Na/Hg, CH3MgI, and (CH3)3PCH2 cleave the transition metal-arsenic bond under very mild conditions.
    Notes: Durch die Reaktion von (CH3)2AsCl mit [C5H5(CO)3M]Na oder C5H5(CO)3M - Si(CH3)3 werden erstmals stabile Carbonyl(cyclopentadienyl)metall-dimethylarsane der Form C5H5(CO)3M - As(CH3)2 (M = Cr, Mo, W) (1 - 3) erhalten. Ihre thermische Behandlung in Substanz liefert [(CH3)2As]2 und [C5H5(CO)3M]2, in Lösung unter CO-Eliminierung die cyclischen Verbindungen [C5H5(CO)2M - As(CH3)2]2 4a (Mo), 4b (W). Unter photolytischen Bedingungen werden zusätzlich zu 4a, b die Aggregationsprodukte trans-C5H5(CO)2[C5H5(CO)3M - As(CH3)2]M - As(CH3)2 (5a, b) und [trans-C5H5(CO)2M  -  As(CH3)2]x (6a, b) isoliert. Alkylhalogenide und (CH3)3SiI überführen 1 - 3 glatt in die kationischen Komplexe [C5H5(CO)3M - As(CH3)2R]X (R = CH3, CH2C(O)C6H5, CH2Si(CH3)3, Si(CH3)3; X = Br, I) (7a - f). Mit Chlor oder Brom werden die extrem labilen Dihalogenaddukte C5H5(CO)3M - As(CH3)2Hal2 (8a - c) gebildet, die rasch zu (CH3)2AsHal und C5H5(CO)3MoHal bzw. C5H5(CO)3WH zerfallen. HCl, CF3CO2H, (CH3)3SnH, Na/Hg, CH3MgI und (CH3)3PCH2 spalten die Übergangsmetall-Arsenbindung unter sehr milden Bedingungen.
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  • 138
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 3352-3356 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Properties of Diboron HeterocyclesStarting from the bifunctional molecules [(CH3)3Si]2X (X = S, NCH3 or NCH3 — NCH3; 2a - c) and the diboryl compounds Cl2B — CR = CR — BCl2 (R = H 1a and R = CH3 1b) and Cl2B — CH2-CH2 — BCl2, respectively, the ring compounds 3a - c and 4 were prepared. The properties of the five- and six-membered ring systems with 4 π- and 6 π-electrons are compared.
    Notes: Von den bifunktionellen Molekülen [(CH3)3Si]2X (X = S, NCH3 bzw. NCH3 — NCH3; 2a - c) und den Diborylverbindungen Cl2B — CR = CR — BCl2 (R = H 1a und R = CH3 1b) bzw. Cl2B — CH2-CH2 — BCl2 ausgehend wurden die Ringverbindungen 3a - c und 4 hergestellt. Die Eigenschaften der fünf- und sechsgliedrigen Ringe mit 4 π- und 6 π-Elektronen werden verglichen.
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  • 139
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 3342-3351 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions of Poly(organylthio)butenynes and -butatrienes with Electrophilic ReagentsStarting from the poly(organylthio)substituted butenynes 1 and the butatrienes 2 or 5 the butadiene derivatives 3,4,6,7 and 8 are obtained by addition of halogens, hydrogen halides or 4-chlorophenylsulfenyl chloride. The chlorine addition products 3, not directly available from 2, are prepared by the reactions of 7 with sulfuryl chloride. The tert-butylthio substituted butatriene 2d reacts with iodine, bromine and hydrobromic acid to the thiophene derivatives 10a, b and c, respectively, under elimination of one mole of isobutene. In the analogous reaction of 5 with bromine 11 is formed. The mechanism of this cyclization is discussed.
    Notes: Durch Addition von Halogenen, Halogenwasserstoffsäuren und 4-Chlorphenylsulfenylchlorid an die poly(organylthio)-substituierten Butenine 1 und Butatriene 2 oder 5 sind die Butadienderivate 3,4,6,7 und 8 erhältlich. Die nicht direkt aus 2 zugänglichen Chloradditionsprodukte 3 werden durch Reaktion von 7 mit Sulfurylchlorid hergestellt. Das tert-butylthio-substituierte Butatrien 2d setzt sich mit Iod, Brom und Bromwasserstoffsäure unter Abspaltung von einem mol Isobuten zu den Thiophenderivaten 10a, b bzw. c um. In der analogen Reaktion von 5 mit Brom entsteht 11. Der Mechanismus dieses Ringschlusses wird diskutiert.
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  • 140
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 3366-3368 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of μ-(Dihalogenogermylene)-bis(pentacarbonyltungsten) ComplexesThe reaction of [bis(mesitylthio)germylene]pentacarbonyltungsten(0) (1) with boron trichloride and tribromide leads to the μ-(dihalogenogermylene)-bis(pentacarbonyltungsten) complexes 2 and 3. A reaction mechanism is discussed.
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  • 141
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Push-Pull Substituted Allenes, IV1). Synthesis and Properties of o-Quinoid Donor/Acceptor Substituted Allenes Crystal- and Molecule Structure of E-2,2,2′,2′-Tetraethoxy-Δ3,3′(2H,2′H)-bi[phenanthro[9,10-b]furan]Reaction of the (2,2-diethoxyvinylidene)triphenylphosphorane (7) with the o-quinones 6 yields the donor/acceptor allene intermediates 9 via the oxaphosphetanes 8. The allenes 9 give the carbenes 10 which then spontaneously dimerize forming the olefins 11. The temperature dependence of the 1H NMR spectra leads to insights into the diastereomerization of the torsionally distorted olefins 11b and the conformational mobility of the E-isomer. Acidic hydrolysis of the Z/E-isomeric orthoesters 11a leads to the monolactone 12 and the bislactone 13. The monomers 9/10 can be trapped by triphenylphosphane affording the orthoester-phosphoranes 14 which under elimination of ether give the phosphoranes 16. The structure of the E-dimer 11 b has been determined from X-ray data.
    Notes: Bei der Umsetzung des (2,2-Diethoxyvinyliden)triphenylphosphorans (7) mit den o-Chinonen 6 entstehen über die Oxaphosphetane 8 intermediär die Donor/Akzeptor-Allene 9. Diese gehen in die Carbene 10 über, die dann spontan zu den Olefinen 11 dimerisieren. Die Temperaturabhängigkeit der 1H-NMR-Spektren liefert Einblick in die Diastereomerisierung der verdrillten Olefine 11b und die konformative Beweglichkeit des E-Isomeren. Die saure Hydrolyse der Z/E-isomeren Orthoester 11a führt über das Monolacton 12 zu dem Bislacton 13. Die Monomeren 9/10 lassen sich mit Triphenylphosphan unter Bildung der Orthoester-phosphorane 14 abfangen, die sich durch Eliminierung von Ether zu den Phosphoranen 16 stabilisieren. Die Struktur des E-Dimeren 11b wurde röntgendiffraktometrisch bestimmt.
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  • 142
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 2976-2993 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthetic Anthracyclinones, XIV. Synthesis of New Derivatives of Daunomycinone and of β-Rhodomycinone2-Methoxydaunomycinone (8) and 3-methoxyisodaunomycinone (9) are obtained by diene reaction of the tricyclic compound 2 with 1,3-dimethoxy-1,3-cyclohexadiene followed by oxidation and retro diene reaction. 4-Demethoxy-2,3-dimethyldaunomycinone (10) is formed by a similar reaction of 2 with 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene and oxidation. Different side chains can be introduced by reaction of ketol 1 with Grignard reagents such as hexinylmagnesium bromide to give 13 and 14, which can be transformed into the tetracyclic anthracyclinones 19 and 20 or ethylmagnesium bromide to yield 17 and 18. 13-Deoxodaunomycinone (37a) and 13-deoxoisodaunomycinone (38a) are formed by Diels-Alder reaction of 17 with 1-methoxy-1,3-cyclohexadiene, oxidation and retro diene reaction. A hydroxy group at C-10 can be introduced by bromination of the monotrifluoroacetate 37c to yield β-rhodomycinone (42) and 10-epi-β-rhodomycinone (40) (2:1).
    Notes: 2-Methoxydaunomycinon (8) und 3-Methoxydaunomycinon (9) werden durch Dienreaktion der tricyclischen Verbindung 2 mit 1,3-Dimethoxy-1,3-cyclohexadien gefolgt von Oxidation und Retrodienreaktion erhalten. 4-Desmethoxy-2,3-dimethyldaunomycinon (10) wird in einer ähnlichen Reaktion von 2 mit 2,3-Dimethyl-1,3-butadien und Oxidation gebildet. Andere Seitenketten können durch Reaktion des Ketols 1 mit Grignard-Reagentien wie Hexinylmagnesiumbromid zu 13 und 14 - die weiter zu den tetracyclischen Anthracyclinonen 19 und 20 umgeformt werden können - oder mit Ethylmagnesiumbromid zu 17 und 18 eingeführt werden. 13-Desoxoisodaunomycinon (37a) und 13-13 (38a) werden durch Diels-Alder-Reaktion von 17 mit 1-1-1,3-3, Oxidation und Retrodienreaktion gebildet. Eine Hydroxygruppe an C-10 kann über die Bromierung des Monotrifluoracetats 37c eingeführt werden und liefert β-Rhodomycinon (42) und 10-10-β-rhodomycinon (40) (2:1).
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  • 143
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 2959-2975 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Stereochemistry of Tetraaryl-3, 7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes and Tetraaryl-1,3-diazaadamantanesBy means of paraformaldehyde, the 2,4,6,8-tetraaryl-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanones 7 = 19 of known constitution have been converted to the 1,3-diazaadamantanes 9 = 17 and 10 = 18, respectively, either directly or after previous Wolff-Kishner reduction. The IR and NMR spectra prove the rel-(2S, 4R, 6R, 8S)-configuration of the diazabicyclononanes 19 and 20 and the rel-(4R, 8S, 9R, 10S)-configuration of the corresponding 1,3-diazaadamantanes 17 and 18. These served as models in an 1H NMR spectroscopic investigation of the diazabicyclononanes 19 and 20, which exist in the chair-chair conformation, one chair having a pair of axial the other a pair of equatorial aryl groups. The reaction of the cis-2,6-diphenylpiperidone 6a with [D5]benzaldehyde or 4-4 and the reaction of 6b with benzaldehyde inevitably yielded mixtures of type 19, R4 = Ar4-n1Arn2 (n = 0-4), since in part the aldehydes are incorporated into the piperidones 6. The (equatorial) aryl groups of the piperidones 6 prefer the axial positions in the diazabicyclononanes 19. The diastereoselective formation of the diazabicyclononanes 21 and 22 is compared to that of 8-oxosparteine (27) and traced back to the greater stability of the all-trans-substituted piperidone intermediate trans-28.
    Notes: Die 2,4,6,8-Tetraaryl-3, 7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanone 7 = 19 bekannter Konstitution wurden unmittelbar oder nach vorhergehender Wolff-Kishner-Reduktion mit Paraformaldehyd in die 1,3-Diazaadamantane 9 = 17 bzw. 10 = 18 übergeführt. IR- und NMR-Spektren beweisen die rel-(2S, 4R, 6R, 8S)-Konfiguration der Diazabicyclononane 19 und 20 und die rel-(4R, 8S, 9R, 10S)-Konfiguration der entsprechenden 1,3-Diazaadamantane 17 und 18. Diese dienten als Modelle bei der 1H-NMR-spektroskopischen Untersuchung der Diazabicyclononane 19 und 20, die danach in der Sessel-Sessel-Konformation mit je einem Paar axialer und äquatorialer Arylreste vorliegen. Die Umsetzung des cis-2,6-Diphenylpiperidons 6 a mit [D5]Benzaldehyd oder 4-Methyl-benzaldehyd bzw. von 6b mit Benzaldehyd lieferte stets Gemische vom Typ 19, R4 = Ar4-n1Arn2 (n = 0-4), da dabei ein Teil der Aldehyde in die Piperidone 6 eingebaut wird. Die (äquatorialen) Arylreste der Piperidone 6 bevorzugen im Diazabicyclononanon 19 die axiale Position. Die diastereoselektive Bildung der Diazabicyclononanone 21 und 22 läßt sich mit der des 8-Oxosparteins (27) vergleichen und auf die größere Stabilität der all-trans-substituierten Piperidon-Zwischenstufe trans-28 zurückführen.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 3456-3476 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Thermolabile Hydrocarbons, XIV. Thermal Stability, Strain Enthalpy, and Structure of sym. Hexaalkyl-substituted EthanesActivation parameters were determined for the thermolysis reaction ot thirteen sym. hexaalkyl-substituted ethanes (Cq—Cq-series). From product analyses it was concluded that the central Cq—Cq-bond is cleaved in the rate determining step by homolysis. A reasonable relationship between the free enthalpy of activation ΔG≠ (300°C) of the reactions and steric substituent constants Sf8) was observed. Much better correlations were found between ΔG≠ (300°C) and strain enthalpies HS of the hydrocarbons as obtained from molecular mechanics calculations. From the slope of these correlations it is deduced that 40% residual strain is still present at transition state of these C—C-cleavage reactions. The structural data calculated using Allinger's MM2 force field31) are distinguished by long central Cq—Cq-bonds (up to 164.1 pm), by large angle deformations on α-C-atoms of side chains and by deviations from the ideal torsional angle Θ = 180° along the central bond. The central Cq—Cq bond length increases in a linear manner with increasing strain enthalpy HS.
    Notes: Die Aktivierungsparameter der Thermolyse von dreizehn symmetrisch hexaalkylierten Ethanen (Cq—Cq-Reihe) wurden bestimmt. Durch Produktanalysen wurde belegt, daß im Primärschritt der Thermolysen die zentrale Cq—Cq-Bindung homolytisch gespalten wird. Die freien Aktivierungsenthalpien ΔG≠ (300°C) der Thermolysen korrelieren nur mäßig mit den sterischen Substituentenkonstanten Sf8), aber ausgezeichnet mit den nach der Kraftfeldmethode errechneten Spannungsenthalpien HS. Aus der Steigung dieser Korrelationen folgt, daß im Übergangszustand der Thermolysen jeweils noch 40% der Grundzustandsspannung der Ethane vorhanden ist. Die mit dem Kraftfeld MM231) errechneten Strukturdaten zeichnen sich durch lange Cq—Cq-Bindungen (bis zu 164.1 pm), starke Winkeldeformationen am α-C-Atom von Seitenketten und Abweichungen vom idealen Torsionswinkel Θ = 180° an der zentralen Bindung aus. Die Cq—Cq-Bindungslänge steigt linear mit der Spannungsenthalpie HS an.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 3511-3516 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Dichlorotris(dimethylamino)phosphorane as Dehydration Reagent for the Preparation of Activated (-ONp, -OPcp, -ONSu)Esters of N-Protected Multifunctional Amino AcidsDichlorotris(dimethylamino)phosphorane (5) is an excellent reagent for the preparation of the activated esters of N-protected amino acids 7-9. Besides 4-nitrophenyl-, pentachlorophenyl, and N-hydroxysuccinimide esters of various N-protected amino acids, in the presence of HOBt benzyloxycarbonyl-threonine N-hydroxysuccinimide ester was obtained for the first time.
    Notes: Dichlortris(dimethylamino)phosphoran (5) eignet sich hervorragend zur Darstellung der N-geschützten Aminosäureaktivester 7-9. Neben 4-Nitrophenyl-, Pentachlorphenyl- und N-Hydroxysuccinimidestern verschiedener N-geschützter Aminosäuren konnte erstmals unter HOBt-Zusatz der Benzyloxycarbonyl-threonin-N-hydroxysuccinimidester erhalten werden.
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  • 146
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 3488-3496 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of an Isomeric Pentadeoxy Disaccharide of the C—B Type in Anthracycline GlycosidesThe preparation of the α-benzyl glycoside 8 of 4-O-acetyl-2,3,6-trideoxy-L-erythro-hex-2-enopyranose from diacetyl-L-rhamnal (7) is achieved. Following deacetylation and mesylation to 10 by inversion at C-4 the epimeric L-threo glycoside 12 is obtained. By epoxidation a 5:1 mixture of the 2,3-anhydro-L-talo 13 and the -L-gulo derivative 16 is prepared. The boron trifluoride-catalyzed condensation of 13 and 7 leads to the disaccharide 19, and by reaction with lithium iodide the 3-iodo hydrine derivative 20 is obtained exclusively. The final hydrogenation terminates the synthesis of 21 which is isomeric with the pentadeoxy disaccharide of the C—B type in the anthracycline antibiotics dihydrocinerubin A (3) and dihydroaclacinomycin A (4).
    Notes: Aus Diacetyl-L-rhamnal (7) wird das α-Benzylglycosid 8 der 4-O-Acetyl-2,3,6-tridesoxy-L-erythro-hex-2-enopyranose hergestellt. Nach Verseifung und Mesylierung zu 10 erfolgt über eine Inversion an C-4 die Darstellung des epimeren L-threo-Glycosids 12. Dessen Epoxidierung führt zu einem 5:1-Gemisch der 2,3-Anhydro-L-talo- 13 sowie der -L-gulo-Verbindung 16. Die Bortrifluorid-katalysierte Kondensation von 7 mit 13 gibt das Disaccharid 19, bei dessen Reaktion mit Lithiumiodid überraschend nur das 3-Iodhydrin-Derivat 20 anfällt. Die abschließende Hydrierung führt zur Bildung von 21, das mit dem Pentadesoxydisaccharid vom C  -  B-Typ in den Anthracyclin-Antibiotica Dihydrocinerubin A (3) und Dihydroaclacinomycin A (4) isomer ist.
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  • 147
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 3505-3510 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation of the Oligodeoxy Disaccharides Phenyl 4-O-β-D-Tyvelosyl-α-D-rhamnoside and Methyl 4-O-β-D-Tyvelosyl-α-D-olivoside by Modification of MannobioseModification reactions with mannobiose derivatives lead to the synthesis of certain tri- and tetradeoxy disaccharide units which occur in the metabolism of microorganisms. The reaction of the 6,6′-dideoxy compound 2 with 2-acetoxyisobutyryl bromide yields the 3′-bromide 5, by reduction of which the title compound 10 is obtained. Starting with the 2,6,6′-trideoxy derivative 8 by a corresponding approach the preparation of the bromide 11 is achieved, which is reductively transformed into the tetradeoxy disaccharide 13. The structures of the peracetylated β,1 → 4-linked oligodeoxy disaccharide derivatives are confirmed by NMR spectroscopy.
    Notes: Zur Darstellung bestimmter im Stoffwechsel von Mikroorganismen vorkommender Tri- und Tetradesoxy-disaccharidbausteine werden ausgehend von Mannobiose-Derivaten Modifizierungsreaktionen unternommen. Durch Reaktion der 6,6′-Didesoxyverbindung 2 mit 2-Acetoxyisobuttersäurebromid wird das 3′-Bromid 5 erhalten, dessen Reduktion die Titelverbindung 10 ergibt. Entsprechend kann aus dem 2,6,6′-Tridesoxy-Derivat 8 das Bromid 11 gewonnen und reduktiv zum Tetradesoxydisaccharid 13 umgesetzt werden. Die Strukturaufklärung wird NMR-spektroskopisch mit den Peracetaten der β, 1 → 4-verknüpften Oligodesoxydisaccharide vorgenommen.
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  • 148
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 3550-3556 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: New Helical Hydrocarbons, V. Double Clamped PentaphenylenicenesThe synthesis and properties of the pentaphenylenicenes 3 and 4 clamped singly in the 2,2‴′-and twice in the 2,4‴′ 4,2‴′-positions, are reported. Spectroscopic results lead to the assumption of helically wound hydrocarbon skeletons. In the course of the synthesis of the bis-sulfide 11 a symmetric isomer (11b) apart from a helical one (11a) seems to be formed.
    Notes: Synthese und Eigenschaften der in 2,2‴′-einfach und in 2,4‴′ 4,2‴′-Stellung zweifach verklammerten Pentaphenylenicene 3 und 4 werden beschrieben. Spektroskopische Befunde legen helikale Gerüststrukturen nahe. Bei der Synthese des Bis-sulfids 11 entstehen die helikale (11a) und die isomere symmetrische Molekülform (11b) nebeneinander.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 149
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 3497-3504 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation of the Terminal Pentadeoxy Disaccharide Unit C—B of Anthracycline AntibioticsDiacetyl-L-rhamnal (1) and 2,3-anhydro-α-D-allopyranoside 2 undergo an acid-catalyzed allylic rearrangement to yield the α,1 → 4-linked disaccharide 3. Opening of the epoxide with lithium iodide results in a 1:4 mixture of 4 with 3-iodo-gluco and 7 with 2-iodo-altro configuration. Their reactions with sodium iodide give the corresponding diiodides 5 and 8, respectively. By hydrogenation of the latter the pentadeoxy disaccharide 6 with C-iso-B structure is obtained. The selective hydrogenation of 7 leads to the 6-bromo-2,6-dideoxy derivative 9 which is transformed into the exocyclic glycal 12 by reaction with silver fluoride. Subsequent hydrogenation allows the synthesis of the terminal C - pentadeoxy disaccharide 13 of various anthracycline antibiotics.
    Notes: Durch sauer-katalysierte Addition des 2,3-Anhydro-α-D-allopyranosids 2 an Diacetyl-L-rhamnal (1) wird unter Allylumlagerung das α,1 → 4-verknüpfte Disaccharid 3 gewonnen. Die Epoxidöffnung mit Lithiumiodid führt zu einem 1:4-Gemisch aus 4 mit 3-iod-gluco- und 7 mit 2-iod-altro-Konfiguration. Bei deren Reaktionen mit Natriumiodid erhält man die entsprechenden Diiodide 5 bzw. 8. Letzteres gibt nach der Hydrierung das Pentadesoxydisaccharid 6 mit C-Iso-B-Struktur. In einer selektiven Hydrierung wird aus 7 das 6-Brom-2,6-didesoxy-Derivat 9 gewonnen, aus dem sich durch Umsetzung mit Silberfluorid das exocyclische Glycal 12 darstellen läßt. Die nachfolgende Hydrierung erlaubt die Synthese des terminalen C - B-Pentadesoxydisaccharids 13 verschiedener Anthracyclin-Antibiotica.
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  • 150
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 3539-3549 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Organometallic Lewis Bases, XLII. Cleavage of Fe—Co- and Fe—Mn Bonds by Carbonylmetal DimethylarsenidesWith the new carbonylmetal dimethylarsenides of the Mn—As, Re—As, Fe—As, and Co—As type the metal-metal bonds of the arsenic bridged dinuclear complexes FeMn(CO)8(μ-AsMe2) and FeCo(CO)7(μ-AsMe2) could be cleaved. Thus 26 chain-like trinuclear complexes with M—As—M—As—M frameworks were obtained. If these contained As—Mn—P or As—Mn—As units, they occurred with cis and/or trans configuration at manganese. From the Fe—Co compound and (CO)5Mn—AsMe2 in a side reaction the tetranuclear complex (CO)4Fe—AsMe2—Co(CO)3—AsMe2—Mn(CO)4—AsMe2—Mn(CO)5 (13) was formed.
    Notes: Mit den neuen Carbonylmetall-dimethylarseniden vom Mn—As-, Re—As-, Fe—As- und Co—As-Typ ließen sich die Metall-Metall-Bindungen der arsenverbrückten Zweikernkomplexe FeMn(CO)8(μ-AsMe2) und FeCo(CO)7(μ-AsMe2) spalten. Es wurden so 26 kettenförmige Dreikernkomplexe mit M—As—M—As—M-Gerüst gewonnen. Wenn diese As—Mn—P- oder As—Mn—As-Einheiten enthielten, traten sie mit cis- und/oder trans-Konfiguration am Mangan auf. Aus der Fe—Co-Verbindung und (CO)5Mn—AsMe2 entstand in einer Nebenreaktion der Vierkernkomplex (CO)4Fe—AsMe2—Co(CO)3—AsMe2—Mn(CO)47—AsMe2—Mn(CO)5 (13).
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
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  • 151
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 3517-3538 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Organometallic Lewis Bases, XLI. New Carbonylmetal Dimethylarsenides: Preparation and Formation of Dinuclear ComplexesThe carbonylmetal dimethylarsenides M—AsMe2 (M = (CO)5Mn 1, (CO)5Re 2, (CO)3NOFe 3, and (CO)4Co 4), which decompose at low temperatures, were prepared from the corresponding carbonyl metalates and Me2AsCl and except for 3 characterized by subsequent reactions. Thermally more stable derivatives thereof in which one or two CO groups are replaced by PR3 ligands could be obtained by using the phosphane-substituted carbonyl metalates or starting from 1-4 by substitution. With the exception of 3 and 4, all these organometallic Lewis bases could be fixed to carbonylmetal fragments. Thus numerous dinuclear complexes of the type M - ;AsMe2—M′ with M′ = Cr(CO)5, W(CO)5, Fe(CO)4, Fe(CO)(NO)2, and Co(CO)2NO, some of which were known, were accessible.
    Notes: Die bei tiefer Temperatur zersetzlichen Carbonylmetall-dimethylarsenide M—AsMe2 (M = (CO)5Mn 1, (CO)5Re 2, (CO)3NOFe 3 und (CO)4Co 4) wurden aus dem betreffenden Carbonyl-metallat und Me2AsCl dargestellt und bis auf 3 durch Folgereaktionen charakterisiert. Thermisch stabilere Derivate davon, in denen eine oder zwei CO-Gruppen durch PR3-Liganden ersetzt sind, ließen sich durch Einsatz der phosphansubstituierten Carbonylmetallate oder ausgehend von 1-4 durch Substitution gewinnen. Mit Ausnahme von 3 und 4 ließen sich alle diese metallorganischen Lewis-Basen an Carbonylmetall-Fragmente fixieren. Dadurch wurden zahlreiche z. T. bekannte Zweikernkomplexe des Typs M—AsMe2—M′ mit M′ = Cr(CO)5, W(CO)5, Fe(CO)4, Fe(CO)(NO)2 und Co(CO)2NO zugänglich.
    Additional Material: 13 Tab.
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  • 152
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 3597-3604 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions of Complex Ligands, XX. Addition of Aminocarbene Ligands to YnaminesThe reaction of pentacarbonyl[amino(alkyl resp. aryl)carbene] complexes of chromium, molybdenum and tungsten 1-5 as well as the amino(phenyl)carbene complexes of manganese 15 and 16 with dialkylaminopropynes 6 and 7 results in addition of the aminocarbene substituent to the C≡C triple bond to yield the (1-dialkylaminopropylidene)aminocarbene complexes 8-14, 17, and 18.
    Notes: Pentacarbonyl[amino(alkyl bzw. aryl)carben]-Komplexe des Chroms, Molybdäns und Wolframs 1-5 sowie die Amino(phenyl)carben-Komplexe des Mangans 15 und 16 reagieren mit den Dialkylaminopropinen 6 und 7 unter Addition des Aminocarben-Substituenten an die Alkin-Funktion zu den (1-Dialkylaminopropyliden)aminocarben-Komplexen 8-14, 17 und 18.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 153
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Deamination of N-(6-endo-Methylbicyclo[3.1.0]hex-6-exo-yl)- and N-(6-endo-Methylbicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-en-6-exo-yl)-N-nitrosourea. Attempted Non-photochemical Generation of trans-Cyclohexene DerivativesDecomposition of the stereochemically fixed diazonium ions 12 in alkaline methanol affords only 3-substituted 2-methylcyclohexenes 32-36. The corresponding unsaturated diazonium ions 18 gave the products 37-39. Reactions that have been found when generating trans-cycloheptene derivatives desaminatively or trans-cyclohexenes photochemically under similar conditions could not be detected for the decomposition of 12, thus making trans-cyclohexene derivatives improbable as intermediates for the formation of 32-36. Mechanistical alternatives are discussed.
    Notes: Der Zerfall der stereochemisch fixierten Diazonium-Ionen 12 in basischem Methanol ergibt nur 3-substituierte 2-Methylcyclohexene 32-36. Aus den entsprechenden ungesättigten Diazonium-Ionen 18 entstehen die Produkte 37-39. Reaktionen, die bei der desaminativen Erzeugung von trans-Cyclohepten-Derivaten oder bei der photochemischen Erzeugung von trans-Cyclohexenen unter gleichen Bedingungen ablaufen, wurden beim Zerfall von 12 nicht beobachtet. Eine Bildung von 32-36 über intermediäre trans-Cyclohexen-Derivate ist darum unwahrscheinlich. Mechanistische Alternativen werden diskutiert.
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  • 154
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 3610-3620 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Anisotropy Effects of Conjugated Cyclic Systems, IV. 1H NMR Spectra of Mesityl-Substituted 2,6-Dimethylbenzene DerivativesThe effect of very different substituents X on the chemical shift differences Δδ of the o- and p-methyl group 1H NMR signals of 4′-X-substituted 2,2′,4,6,6′-pentamethylbiphenyl derivatives is ±0.045 ppm only. In comparison with X = H (0.47 ppm) electron attracting substituents like X = N2⊕ increase Δδ values up to 0.53, X = CN and NO2 up to 0.52 ppm; electron releasing groups X = OH, NH2 reduce Δδ down to 0.45 and OCH3 to 0.44 ppm. Even in the 2-mesityl-substituted 1,3,5-trimethyltropylium ion (2) Δδ rises only up to 0.54 ppm.
    Notes: Die Differenz der chemischen Verschiebungen Δδ zwischen den 1H-NMR-Signalen der o- und p-Methylgruppen in den Mesitylresten 4′-X-substituierter 2,2′,4,6,6′-Pentamethylbiphenyl-Derivate 1 wird mit ±0.045 ppm relativ wenig durch sehr verschiedene Substituenten verändert. Gegenüber X = H (0.47 ppm) erhöhen stark elektronenziehende Substituenten X = N2⊕ auf 0.53 und X = CN, NO2 auf 0.52; elektronenspendende Gruppen wie X = OH, NH2 verkleinern Δδ auf 0.45 und OCH3 bis 0.44 ppm. Selbst im 2-mesitylsubstituierten 1,3,5-Trimethyltropylium-Ion (2) beträgt Δδ nur 0.54 ppm.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 155
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 3621-3628 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Hydrogenolysis of Small Cycloalkanes, VII. Selective Hydrogenation of 1,1-Disubstituted Cyclopropane DerivativesOn hydrogenation of 1,1-disubstituted cyclopropane derivatives 1 hydrogenolysis of the C-2—C-3 bond to yield 2 is promoted by electron releasing groups (R = alkyl, CH2OH, OR). On the other hand the presence of electron attracting substituents (R = CO2R, COR, CN) causes opening of the C-1—c-2 bond and formation of products 3. 1,1-Bis(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropane could not be hydrogenated.
    Notes: Bei der Hydrierung 1,1-disubstituierter Cyclopropanderivate 1 bewirken elektronenabgebende Reste (R = Alkyl, CH2OH, OR) die Hydrogenolyse der C-2—C-3-Bindung zu 2, elektronenanziehende Substituenten (R = CO2R, COR, CN) dagegen die Öffnung der C-1—C-2-Bindung unter Bildung der Produkte 3. 1,1-Bis(trifluormethyl)cyclopropan ließ sich nicht hydrieren.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 156
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 3629-3646 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The He(I) Photoelectron Spectra of Tetracarbonyliron(l0) Complexes with CarbenesThe He(I) photoelectron(PE) spectra of the tetracarbonyl(carbene)iron(0) complexes 1-3 have been recorded. The first six bands were assigned by calculating the different ionic states separately (ΔSCF procedure) or by using the „Transition Operator Model“. It is found that the Koopmans′ defects for the orbitals localized at the iron are larger than for orbitals localized at the ligands.
    Notes: Die He(I)-Photoelektronen(PE)-Spektren der Tetracarbonyl(carben)eisen(0)-Komplexe 1-3 wurden gemessen. Die Zuordnung der ersten sechs Banden basiert auf der Berechnung der verschiedenen Kationenzustände mittels der ΔSCF-Methode und mit Hilfe des „Transition Operator“-Modells. Für die Orbitale, die hauptsächlich am Metall lokalisiert sind, werden größere Koopmans-Defekte gefunden als für die an den Liganden lokalisierten Orbitale.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 157
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 3647-3655 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The He(I) Photoelectron Spectra of Bis(1,3-diene)monocarbonyliron ComplexesThe He(I) photoelectron (PE) spectra of the bis(1,3-diene)monocarbonyliron complexes 1 to 3 have been recorded. The assignment of the first seven bands is based on INDO calculations using the ΔSCF procedure and the „transition operator“ model. The bonding properties for the ground state of 1 are discussed.
    Notes: Die He(I)-Photoelektronen(PE)-Spektren der Bis(1,3-dien)monocarbonyleisenkomplexe 1 bis 3 wurden gemessen. Die Zuordnung der ersten sieben Banden resultiert aus der Berechnung der verschiedenen Kationenzustände mittels der ΔSCF-Methode und des „Transition Operator„-Modells, basierend auf einem INDO-Verfahren. Die Bindungsverhältnisse im Grundzustand von 1 werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 158
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 3656-3661 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Condensed Furans, XLVII. Synthesis of 1H-Pyrano[3,4-b]benzofuran-1-one and their DerivativesThe synthesis of 1H-pyrano[3,4-b]benzofuran-1-one derivatives (6-14) and their 2-aza-analogues (15-16) is described.
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  • 159
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 1038-1041 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 1044-1046 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 161
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 1048-1049 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 162
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 9-15 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Tracer gas dispersion was measured for laminar flow through three different tube constrictions, at orifice Reynolds numbers between 10 and 5000 and Schmidt numbers of 0.213 and 0.769. Each constriction generates a confined jet which significantly enhances axial dispersion at intermediate Reynolds numbers ranging from 100 to 1000.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 163
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 16-23 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model is developed to describe non-isothermal sorption kinetics and used to interpret experimental uptake curves for CO2 in 4A zeolite and for CO2 and in C5H12 in 5A zeolite. The model assumes that the dominant mass transfer resistance is intracrystalline diffusion while the major resistance to heat transfer is the external heat transfer between the adsorbent sample and the surroundings. It gives a good representation of the kinetic behavior over a wide range of conditions. Both the extreme cases of isothermal diffusion and complete heat transfer control are demonstrated experimentally. Intermediate situations, in which the uptake rate is controlled by the combined effects of diffusion and heat transfer, are demonstrated as well. The parameters derived from the model are consistent, reproducible, and agree well with a priori estimates. The model provides a useful theoretical basis for the analysis of rapid sorption processes for which the non-isothermal approximation is invalid.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 164
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 162-165 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 165
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 165-168 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 166
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 168-170 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 167
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 170-172 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 168
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 174-174 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 169
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 174-174 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 170
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 175-176 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 171
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 176-176 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 172
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980) 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 173
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 177-201 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This article reviews the major developments in the engineering and design of three-phase slurry catalytic reactors. A general theoretical analysis for predicting the overall rate of reaction in a slurry reactor for various kinetics is presented, incorporating all the transport effects. Modeling of semi-batch reactors is discussed and design procedures are indicated. Some major correlations and methods for determining gas-liquid and liquid-solid mass transfer coefficients and effective diffusivity in liquid filled pores are reviewed. Slurry reactors are compared with other three-phase reactors, such as trickle bed or packed bed reactors, and relative merits are pointed out.
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  • 174
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 201-212 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Intraparticle mass transfer in coal pyrolysis is described by ternary diffusion and viscous flow, in conjunction with a simple pore model to predict concentration profiles for gases and tar. At low pressures, product yields depend on particle size only, while at high pressures they depend on pressure and particle size. Limited experimental data from a subbituminous coal confirm these trends. Data from a bituminous coal show different trends, as expected from the drastic changes the pore structure undergoes during pyrolysis.
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  • 175
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 212-220 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A theory of dilute microemulsions is presented which includes for the first time both the entropy of dispersion of the drops and energy effects associated with bending the surfactant films at the drop interfaces. It yields expressions for drop size for (a) a dilute microemulsion in equilibrium with an excess bulk phase, e.g., an oil-in-water microemulsion in equilibrium with excess oil and (b) dilute oil-continuous and water-continuous microemulsions in equilibrium and containing equal amounts of surfactant. In the latter case, our theory indicates that existence of the two microemulsion phases sometimes is favored over a layered or lamellar phase, even though the “natural curvature” of the surfactant films is zero, corresponding to a perfectly flat film.
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  • 176
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 289-292 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 177
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 294-295 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 178
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 295-297 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 179
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 297-299 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 180
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 299-301 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 181
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 317-319 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 182
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 325-327 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 183
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 332-332 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 184
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 419-429 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The problem of immiscible displacement of oil ganglia arises in connection with oil bank formation and attrition during enhanced oil recovery with flooding. A stochastic simulation method is developed here, which enables prediction of the fate of solitary ganglia during immiscible displacement in water-wet unconsolidated granular porous media. This method takes into account the local topology of the porous medium; the initial size, shape and orientation of the oil ganglion and the capillary number. For each ganglion size, hundreds of realizations are performed with random ganglion shapes for a 100 × 200 sandpack. These results are averaged to obtain probabilities of mobilization, breakup and stranding as functions of capillary number and ganglion size. Axial and lateral dispersion coefficients are obtained as functions of the average ganglion velocity. The results from the solitary ganglion analysis can be used with the ganglion population balance equations developed in a companion publication (Payatakes, Ng and Flumerfelt, 1980) to study the dynamics of oil bank formation.
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  • 185
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 675-678 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 186
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 678-680 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 187
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 683-686 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 188
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 680-683 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 189
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 711-717 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental breakthrough curves were determined for a liquid full and a trickle bed reactor in which benzene was adsorbed from water on small activated carbon particles at 298°K and 1 atm. The step function of benzene was introduced into the water feed and the response measured in the liquid effluent. Benzene transfer also occurred from the liquid feed to the gaseous feed of pure helium.Moment analysis of data for liquid full conditions indicated that the first moment of the response curve could be used to obtain the adsorption equilibrium constant K for benzene on activated carbon. Comparison of results obtained by this new method with the K value determined from static equilibrium runs demonstrated the validity of the moment theory.Analysis of the response curves for trickle bed operation showed that the liquid-to-gas mass transfer coefficient (ka)L could be evaluated from either the zero or first moment. Results were obtained in both the trickling flow and pulse flow regimes. Values of (ka)L in the pulse flow regime, which were not heretofore available were sharply higher than those for trickle flow.
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  • 190
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 734-743 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The chlorination kinetics of zirconia were studied in a single stationary particle reactor system. A plasma of pure chlorine generated by an induction torch provided both the high enthalpy field and the reacting gas. The influence on the rate of conversion of such parameters as temperature, chlorine concentration (in the presence of argon) and particle diameter and porosity were investigated. Based on experimental and theoretical studies, rate equations were developed under different rate controlling mechanisms.The chlorination of zirconia in the particle temperature range of 1 540° to 2 480°K obeyed a shrinking core reaction model. The reaction was chemically controlled below 1 950°K, and above this temperature both chemical and mass transfer resistances were important. The experimental results confirmed the theoretical analysis.
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  • 191
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 751-762 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The onset of significant departure from isothermality caused by viscous energy dissipation in flow through a slit is determined for isothermal and adiabatic walls. A series solution of the energy equation enables calculation of dimensionless profiles for any power law fluid. Such solutions provide useful standards for judging performances of numerical schemes for solving complex nonisothermal flows.
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  • 192
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An experimental investigation of an impinging water jet freezing on a melting solid surface has been carried out. Attention was focused on the stagnation region of an axisymmetric jet. In the experiment, a water jet was directed upward against the lower end of a meltable rod, having a diameter about twice that of the jet orifice. Solid octane (m.p. - 56.5°C) and solid mercury (m.p. - 38.9°C) served as the meltable materials. A laminar-axisymmetric flow model was developed to describe melting heat transfer in the presence of jet solidification within the impingement region. Measurements of the melting rate and conditions for the onset of jet solidification were found to agree quite well with the values predicted with this model.
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  • 193
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 762-769 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence of drop trajectories on boundary layer structure and heat transfer coefficient is determined for a binary spray flow over the upstream surface of an isothermal cylinder. Governing equations are solved for drop trajectories upstream of the cylinder, the laminar liquid boundary layer adjacent to the cylinder surface, and the outer laminar vapor boundary layer. Velocity, temperature, and mass concentration profiles throughout the double boundary layers are shown to depend on flow parameters involving drop size and velocity. The critical conditions for which the liquid film dries out are identified for a range of drop size and velocity, defining the transition from the liquid film to the dry wall flow regime. Theoretical results for heat transfer are shown to correlate existing experimental data.
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  • 194
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 779-787 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An analytical solution is obtained to the extended Graetz problem with prescribed wall flux, based on a selfadjoint formalism resulting from a decomposition of the convective diffusion equation into a pair of first-order partial differential equations. The solution obtained is simple, computationally efficient and in striking contrast with incomplete numerical efforts in the past.
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  • 195
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 769-779 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Gibb's classical theory of critical points leads to two simultaneous, nonlinear equations in the intensive variables of the critical phase. In this paper is presented a new procedure for evaluating the functions which appear in these nonlinear equations. The new procedure simplifies and permits the speeding up of the computation of critical points in multicomponent mixtures.Computations have been performed for critical points in binary and multicomponent mixtures described by the SRK equation. The methods developed will be equally applicable to other two-constant equations of state. The equations to be solved are organized as two equations in the unknown critical temperature and specific volume for a mixture of known composition. One of the two equations, the determinant which establishes the stability limit for the mixture, is shown to be satisfied by more than one volume at a given temperature and by several temperatures at a given volume. A technique is proposed to assure that the correct temperature, volume solution can be found for this equation. For critical points in ordinary gas-liquid systems, an overall computational procedure is suggested in which it proves to be unnecessary to provide initial guesses for either the temperature or the volume.Application has also been made to several systems with high density (liquid-liquid) critical points.
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  • 196
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 787-794 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Existing analyses for transport phenomena in bidisperse porous media assume that the microparticles act as uniformly distributed point sinks. This article provides an analysis which determines under what conditions the point sink approximation is valid. For random packing, the concentration field inside a pellet is described by its ensemble average, i.e., the average over all possible ways in which the microparticles can be packed into the pellet. For these averaged quantities, we formulate the transport equations for a solid with bidisperse pores which provide the criteria of validity of the point sink approximation.
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  • 197
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A thorough search for electrocatalysts for anodic oxygen evolution from caustic potash solution together with an investigation for the main reasons of ohmic potential drops in the interelectrode gap has lead to a new concept for an advanced medium temperature (150° to 200°C), medium pressure (30 to 100 bars) alkaline water electrolysis. The new concept will allow electrolytic water decomposition at temperatures between 160° and 200°C with current densities of 1 to 1.5 A/cm2 and cell voltages between 1.55 and 1.65 V.
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  • 198
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 802-816 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Structural relationships between the numbers of the various types of steady states exhibited by a mixed culture of microorganisms growing in a chemostat have been obtained. The analysis is based on the degree theory and utilizes Hopf's index theorem. Useful information concerning the culture growth and general conclusions pertaining to the nature of the possible steady states are obtained from these relationships. An alternate method of stability analysis, based on the above results, has also been developed and applications to several cases of growth of indirectly interacting populations which demonstrate the efficiency of the method are presented.
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  • 199
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 816-827 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the settling velocity of a dispersion of spherical particles (that is, drops of arbitrary viscosity) depends on concentration. The procedure used entirely avoids the divergent integrals which previous workers in this field have been forced to deal with and yields explicit formulas for the sedimentation velocity. These formulas, accurate to first order in the particle volume fraction, depend on both the physical characteristics of the particles (size, buoyant density, viscosity ratio) as well as on any long range forces (for example, electrical double layer repulsions or van der Waals attraction) which may exist between particles. Sample calculations are given for globular proteins subject to double layer repulsions and for micron size colloids which experience van der Waals attractions in addition to the electrostatics. In the latter case, it is shown how the Hamaker constant can be extracted from sedimentation data. The analysis is extended to more concentrated suspensions by assuming that the hydrodynamic interactions among particles are pairwise additive; comparison with published data shows this analysis to be reasonably accurate, even for dense suspensions, without any adjustable parameters.
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  • 200
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    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 832-839 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: For gas absorption accompanied by two consecutive second-order reactions, the reaction factors of the film and penetration theories were solved by the orthogonal collocation method. For equivalent definition of the other physico-chemical parameters, the reaction factors from the two theories differ only slightly. In film theory, it is shown that the film-bulk boundary condition is of importance only for small values of M. It is also shown that the difference between the point yields of the film and penetration theories is generally small, although it is larger than the difference in reaction factors for the two theories.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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