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  • 2015-2019
  • 1985-1989  (203)
  • 1910-1914
  • 1985  (203)
  • Physical Chemistry  (118)
  • Life Sciences
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 17 (1985), S. 254-254 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 17 (1985), S. 255-255 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 17 (1985), S. 265-269 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reactivity of tert-butoxy radicals with methyl substituted aromatic compounds is almost exclusively determined by the aromatic moiety and almost independent of the methyl group position. The hydrogen abstraction from the carbon α to the aromatic ring is hardly sensitive to the produced radical stabilization. This lack of dependence can be explained in terms of the large exothermicity of the process.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 17 (1985), S. 303-313 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Rate coefficients for OH reactions with the 2-5 carbon aliphatic aldehydes have been measured under pseudo first-order conditions in OH. OH was generated by flash photolysis of H2O at wavelengths greater than 165 nm and its concentration monitored using time-resolved resonance fluorescence spectroscopy. Two reactions were studied only at 298 K while five reactions were studied over the temperature range 250-425 K; negative activation energies were observed for all five reactions. Aldehyde reactivity toward OH is nearly independent of the identity of the hydrocarbon side chain. Our results are compared with those obtained in previous studies of OH-aldehyde reaction kinetics and their mechanistic implications are discussed.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 17 (1985), S. 327-335 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New determinations of the disproportionation and combination ratios between CF2H and C2H5 radicals yield (the hydrogen acceptor radical is given first) Δ(CF2H, C2H5) = 0.068 ± 0.008, and Δ(C2H5, CF2H) = 0.37 ± 0.01. A reevaluation of the existing data on CFH2 and CF3 radicals leads to the following recommended values, Δ(CFH2, C2H5) = 0.038 ± 0.006, and Δ(CF3, C2H5) = 0.11 = ± 0.02.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 17 (1985), S. 337-343 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The gas-phase eliminations of several tert-butyl esters, in a static system and in vessels seasoned with allyl bromide, have been studied in the temperature range of 171.5-280.1°C and the pressure range of 23-98 torr. The rate coefficients for the homogeneous unimolecular elimination of these esters are given by the following Arrhenius equations: for tert-butyl pivalate, log k1(s-1) = (13.44 ± 0.30) - (169.1 ± 3.1) kJ · mol-1 (2.303RT)-1; for tert-butyl trichloroacetate, log k1(s-1) = (12.41 ± 0.08) - (141.1 ± 0.7) kJ · mol-1 (2.303RT)-1; and for tert-butyl cyanoacetate log k1(s-1) = (11.31 ± 0.44) - (137.8 ± 4.1) kJ · mol-1 (2.303RT)-1. The data of this work together with those reported in the literature yield a good linear relationship when plotting log k/k0 vs. σ* values (ρ* = 0.635, correlation coefficient r = 0.972, and intercept = 0.048 at 250°C). The positive ρ* value suggests that the movement of negative charge to the acyl carbon in the transition state is rate determining. The present results along with previous investigations ratify the generalization that electron-withdrawing substituents at the acyl side of ethyl, isopropyl, and tert-butyl esters enhance the elimination rates, while electron-releasing groups tend to reduce them. The negative nature of the acyl carbon and the polarity in the transition state increases slightly from primary to tertiary esters.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 17 (1985), S. 389-399 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cis- and trans-buten-2-yl free radicals are shown to react with butene-2 cis (Bc) and D2S in the following metathetical steps: giving rise to butenes-1 (B1). The initial formations of butene-1,3 d1 and total butene-1 in D2S—Bc mixtures have been studied in the initial pressure range 20-200 torr for Bc, 0-41 torr for D2S and at 717-817 K. The main initiation and termination steps are shown to be: Assuming a rapid equilibrium between cis- and trans-C4H7⋅, ki ≃ 1015.5 exp(-85.5/RT) s-1 (RT in kcal mol-1) and kt ≃ 1013 mol-1 cm3 s-1, we get: k2c′ = 1.1 k2t′ = 1012.0 exp[(-9.25 ± 2)/RT] mol-1 cm3 s-1 and k2 + 1.5 k2′ ≃ 1012.1 exp[(-15.2 ± 2)/RT] mol-1 cm3 s-1. Isotopic effects relating to processes (2c′) + (2t′) and to (i′) have been evaluated.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 17 (1985), S. 413-417 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this article, we present low-pressure steady-state results for carbon monoxide oxidation over Rh(100). The results are comparable to those found for other Group VIII transition metals. For a fixed oxygen pressure, the reaction rate is first order in CO pressure until a critical pressure is reached, above which the reaction rate sharply diminishes and the order becomes negative in CO pressure. Coverages of carbon monoxide under steady-state working conditions have been measured.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 17 (1985) 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 17 (1985), S. 477-501 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: n-C3H7ONO was photolyzed with 366 nm radiation at -26, -3, 23, 55, 88, and 120°C in a static system in the presence of NO, O2, and N2. The quantum yields of C2H5CHO, C2H5ONO, and CH3CHO were measured as a function of reaction conditions. The primary photochemical act is and it proceeds with a quantum yield φ1 = 0.38 ± 0.04 independent of temperature. The n-C3H7O radicals can react with NO by two routes The n-C3H7O radical can decompose via or react with O2 via Values of k4/k2 ≃ k4b/k2 were determined to be (2.0 ± 0.2) × 1014, (3.1 ± 0.6) × 1014, and (1.4 ± 0.1) × 1015 molec/cm3 at 55, 88, and 120°C, respectively, at 150-torr total pressure of N2. Values of k6/k2 were determined from -26 to 88°C. They fit the Arrhenius expression: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \log (k_6 /k_2) = - 2.17 \pm 0.20 - (879 \pm 117)/2.303{\rm T}{\rm .} $$\end{document} For k2 ≃ 4.4 × 10-11 cm3/s, k6 becomes (2.9 ± 1.7) × 10-13 exp{-(879 ± 117)/T} cm3/s. The reaction scheme also provides k4b/k6 = 1.58 × 1018 molec/cm3 at 120°C and k8a/k8 = 0.56 ± 0.24 independent of temperature, where
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 17 (1985) 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 17 (1985), S. 55-81 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An eigenvalue-eigenvector analysis is used to extract meaningful kinetic information from linear sensitivity coefficients computed for several species of a reacting system at several time points. The main advantage of this method lies in its ability to reveal those parts of the mechanism which consist of strongly interacting reactions, and to indicate their importance within the mechanism. Results can be used to solve three general kinetic problems. Firstly, an objective condition for constructing a minimal reaction set is presented. Secondly, the uncovered dependencies among the parameters are shown to confirm or deny validity of quasi-steady-state assumptions under the considered experimental conditions. Thirdly, taking into account only sensitivities of observed species, the analysis is used to yield error estimates on unknown parameters determined from the experimental observations, and to suggest the parameters that should be kept fixed in the estimation procedure. To illustrate we chose the well-known hydrogen-bromine reaction and the kinetics of formaldehyde oxidation in the presence of CO.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 17 (1985), S. 95-108 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of the homolytic substitution of several trialkyltin iodides by iodine atoms are presented. Rate constants have been determined at three different temperatures and the following activation parameters calculated: A, Ea, and ΔS°≠. The observation that the activation energy, ΔG≠, is related to the driving force of the ion-pair formation, leads to the conclusion that the charge-transfer model is a valid approach for substitution in the reaction between R3SnI compounds and iodine atoms.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 17 (1985), S. 109-116 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Di-tert-butyl nitroxide (DTBN) decomposes in aqueous solutions producing 2-methyl-2-nitroso propane (MNP) and tert-butanol. The process is acid catalyzed, it is of second order in DTBN, and takes place with a rate constant of (1.0 ± 0.1) M-2 s-1. The reaction is also catalyzed by the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate and by Fe(II) and Fe(III) ions. The catalysis by Fe(III) involves a very fast reduction of Fe(III) ions with concomitant formation of 2-methyl-2-nitroso propane. The reaction catalyzed by Fe(II) also produces 2-methyl-2-nitroso propane with a formation rate given by: d[MNP]/dt = (0.25 ± 0.10) [Fe(II)] [DTBN]. This reaction rate is nearly pH independent.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 17 (1985), S. 613-628 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Relative rate constants for the removal of vibrationally excited OH in the ninth vibrational level of its ground electronic state [designated hereafter by OH† (9)] by interaction with a series of simple hydrocarbons at room temperature are reported. The reaction of hydrogen atoms with ozone was used to generate OH†(9) in a fast flow discharge system at 1.1 ± 0.1 torr total pressure. The decrease in the (9 → 3 band) Meinel band chemiluminescent emission intensity at 626 nm was followed as a function of the concentration of added organic or of a reference deactivator (O2), respectively, at a fixed reaction time; these data gave relative rate constants, k2X/k2O2, for the removal of OH†(9) by the organic. The relative rate constants determined in this study are as follows: C2H6, 2.7 ± 0.2; C3H8, 4.4 ± 0.4; n-C4H10, 7.5 ± 0.6; iso-C4H10, 7.3 ± 0.8; n-C5H12, 10.4 ± 0.7; C2H4, 22.9 ± 1.8; C3H6, 43.4 ± 1.4; cis-2-C4H8, 47.7 ± 3.1; C6H6, 29 ± 7. (Errors are two standard deviations of the weighted mean of experiments in two flow tubes with different wall coatings and carrier gases.) The implications of the trends in these rate constants for the relative contributions of energy transfer and reaction to the net removal of OH† (9) are discussed.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 17 (1985), S. 709-711 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 17 (1985), S. 831-833 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 18
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Kinetic studies of oxidation of L(-) arginine, L(+) ornithine, L(-) histidine, L(-) tryptophan, L(-) threonine have been carried out in alkaline medium. The reaction showed an inverse fractional order in OH- and first-order dependence on both amino acid and chloroamine-T concentration. The effect of varying ionic strength (KCl) on the rate of oxidation is negligible. A general mechanism for the oxidation has been suggested by considering interaction between anionic species of amino acid and p-toluene-sulphochloramide. The effect of solvent and temperature have been also discussed. The fractional order obtained in OH- is due to the fact that a fraction of overall reaction proceeds via an alternative OH- independent path. The combined rate law in accordance to observed kinetics is derived as \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ - \frac{{d[{\rm CAT}]}}{{dt}} = \frac{{2k_1 K_1 [{\rm AA}]_T [{\rm CAT}]_T }}{{[{\rm OH}^ - ]}} + 2k_3 K_1 K_3 [{\rm AA}]_T [{\rm CAT}]_T $$\end{document} The rate constants predicted by the derived rate law as the concentration of OH- ions change, are in excellent agreement with the observed rate constants, thus further justifying these rate laws and hence the proposed mechanistic schemes.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 17 (1985) 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 17 (1985), S. 991-1006 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Pulsed laser photolysis of N2O5 near 290 nm coupled with fluorescence detection (calibrated by NO2 photolysis) showed that the O(3P) quantum yield is ≤0.1. A pulsed laser optoacoustic technique in a flow tube (ca. 6 torr of N2) was tested by photolysis of NO2 and then applied to N2O5. Nitric oxide was added to react with NO3 free radical and the resulting increase in the optoacoustic signal confirmed the presence of NO3 free radicals. Based on the relative optoacoustic signals observed for NO2 and N2O5, the quantum yield for NO3 production is 0.8 ± 0.2.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 17 (1985), S. 957-966 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of NO3 radicals with a series of cycloalkenes have been determined at 298 ± 2 K, using a relative rate technique. Using an equilibrium constant for the NO2 + NO3 ⇄ N2O5 reactions of 3.4 × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1, the following rate constants (in units of 10-13 cm3 molecule-1 s-1) were obtained: cyclopentene, 4.52 ± 0.52; cycloheptene, 4.71 ± 0.56; bicyclo[2.2.1]-2-heptene, 2.41 ± 0.28; bicyclo[2.2.2]-2-octene, 1.41 ± 0.17; bicyclo[2.2.1]-2,5-heptadiene, 9.92 ± 1.13; and 1,3,5-cycloheptatriene, 12.6 ± 2.9. When combined with previous literature rate constants for cyclohexene and 1,4-cyclohexadiene, these data show that the rate constants for the nonconjugated cycloalkenes studied depend to a first approximation on the number of double bonds and the degree and configuration of substitution per double bond. No obvious effects of ring strain energy on these NO3 radical addition rate constants were observed. Our previous a priori predictive techniques for the alkenes and cycloalkenes can now be extended to strained cycloalkenes.
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 17 (1985), S. 1007-1015 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The rate of oxygen exchange between trans-[Re(py)4O2]+ and solvent water in pypyH+ buffer solution follows simple first-order kinetics and both oxygens are equivalent. The half-life for isotopic oxygen exchange is about 12 h at a pH of 5.0, 25°C, and [py] = 0.10 M. The observed rate constant for exchange increases with acidity, in the pH range 4 to 6, decreases with [py], and is nearly independent of ionic strength. A small but significant increase of kobs occurs with increasing complex concentration. The rate of exchange follows the rate equation kobs/2 = k0 + k1/[py] with k0 = 1.4 × 10-5(2) s-1 and k1 = 4.7 × 10-7(1) M, s-1 at 25°C. The activation parameters for the reaction at pH = 7.15 (predominately the k0 term) are: ΔH* = +137.(1) kJ/M and ΔS* = +126.(1) J/MK. The pH effect and complex concentration effect are discussed in mechanistic terms. These results are compared to those found for [Re(en)2O2]+ and [Re(CN)4O2]3-.
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 17 (1985), S. 1085-1090 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The condensed-phase thermal decomposition of aliphatic nitrate ester explosives is generally autocatalytic. The object of this article is to show that the agent of the autocatalysis is not the product NO2, as is generally believed, but to suggest that it may be the product formaldehyde.
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  • 24
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Part I: Kinetic data for the static system silane pyrolysis (from 640-703 K, 60-400 torr) are presented. For conversion from 3-30%, first-order kinetics are obtained, with silane loss rates equal to half the hydrogen formation rates. At conversions greater than 40%, rate inhibition attributable to the back reaction of hydrogen with silylene occurs. Overall reaction rates are not surface sensitive, but disilane and trisilane yield maxima under some conditions are. A nonchain mechanism capable of describing quantitatively all stages of the silane pyrolysis is proposed. Post 1.0% initiation is both homogeneous (gas phase) and heterogeneous (on the walls), and reaction intermediates are silylenes and disilenes. Free radicals are not involved at any stage of the reaction. Rate data at high conversions and with added hydrogen provide kinetics for the addition of silylene to hydrogen [reaction (-1)1] relative to its addition to silane [reaction (2)]: k-1,/k2 = 10-0.65 × e-3200 cal/RT. With E2 = 1300 cal, this gives a high pressure activation energy for silylene insertion into hydrogen of E-1 = 8200 cal.Part II: An analysis is made of each rate constant of the silane mechanism and the modeling results are compared with experimental results. Agreement is excellent. It is concluded that the dominant sink reaction for silylene intermediates is 1,2 - H2 elimination from disilane (followed by Si2H4 polymerization and wall deposition). The model is in accord with slow isomerization between disilene and silylsilylene and near exclusive 1,2 - H2 elimination from Si2H6. It is also concluded that disilene is about 10 kcal/mol more stable than silylsilylene and that the activation energy for isomerization of silylsilylene to disilene is greater than 26 kcal/mol.
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 17 (1985), S. 1119-1123 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In the case of catalytic dehydrogenation of cyclohexane, the linear relation between reaction rate and affinity holds at an appreciable distance away from equilibrium on both sides. In fact, in order to explain this observation, it is necessary to invoke a high value of three for the stoichiometric number of the rate determining step. This in turn can be explained by a reasonable mechanism for the reaction.
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  • 26
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    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 17 (1985), S. 1155-1167 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Singlet molecular oxygen, O2(1Σg+), is one of the important intermediate species in the atmospheres of Earth, Mars, and Venus. To elucidate the chemistry of this excited molecular oxygen, a series of kinetic measurements have been undertaken using the flow-discharge/optical-emission technique. By monitoring the characteristic emission (762 nm for 1Σg+), the quenching rates for several important molecules have been obtained at room temperature. The following table summarizes measurements. TextQuencherRate Constants (cm3/s)CH2(4.6 ± 0.5) × 10-13H2(7.0 ± 0.3) × 10-13N2(1.7 ± 0.1) × 10-15Cl2(4.5 ± 0.8) × 10-16CO(4.5 ± 0.5) × 10-15O3(2.2 ± 0.3) × 10-112,3 DBM-2(6.0 ± 0.1) × 10-13The error limits represent one standard deviation. The systematic error is estimated to be about 15%. For CO2 and O3 molecules, the quenching rate constants were also measured in the temperature range of 245-362 K. In both reactions, negligible temperature dependences (with the activation energy less than 0.6 kcal/mole) were observed.
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 17 (1985), S. 1187-1190 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Decomposition of (R1R2CXON=)2 (R1 = R2 = Ph; R1 = R2 = p—ClC6H4; R1 = Ph, R2 = CH3; X = H or D) in hydrocarbon solvents at 31-75°C afforded R1R2CO in 6-8% lower yield when X = D than when X = H. This result is ascribed to cage escape of secondary alkoxyl radicals in competition with dismutation. Deuterium isotope effects for alkoxyl cage dismutation of 1.35-2.4 are estimated from the data. It is suggested that this same competition may account for the experimentally slower termination rate constants in solution of primary and secondary alkylperoxyl radicals on α-deuteration.
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  • 28
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 17 (1985), S. 967-990 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The origin of autocatalysis in the pyrolysis of methane has been investigated by kinetic modeling. A mechanism is presented that provides good agreement with experimental data at 1038 K and 433 torr into the autocatalytic region. The main causes of autocatalysis are secondary initiation by hydrocarbon products larger than C2H6 and chain radical methylation sequences.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 29
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    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 17 (1985), S. 1067-1083 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Kinetic data and product studies are reported for the silane pyrolysis in the presence of olefins and acetylene. The kinetics of silane loss in the presence of acetylene was found to be identical to the initial gas phase silane decomposition step (SiH4 + M → SiH2 + H2 + M) when corrected for pressure fall-off effects. This result and the absence of methane or ethane from the pyrolysis of SiH4 in the presence of 1-butene or 1-pentene demonstrate that silyl radicals and H atoms are not involved in silane-olefin or silane-acetylene reactions. Qualitative aspects and kinetic data from the SiH4 pyrolysis in the presence of propylene are in accord with propylsilane formation via propylsilylene formed by silylene addition to propylene.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 17 (1985), S. 1103-1118 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An ArF excimer laser was used to perturb radical concentrations and a tunable dye laser was used to follow the rise and subsequent decay of OH and CH in rich (φ = 1.6-1.8) atmospheric pressure methane flames. The excimer beam is only slightly focussed to minimize temperature excursions and the influence of diffusion and convection on the decay rates. The observed OH decay is consistent with that predicted using a detailed kinetic mechanism. The observed CH decay is much faster than predicted. The effects of equivalence ratio and height above burner suggests that a major CH decay channel involving an intermediate with higher concentration in rich flames is not properly treated in the mechanism.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 17 (1985), S. 1153-1154 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 17 (1985), S. 1191-1199 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Low pressure (4.67 kPa) CH4/O2/Ar flames were seeded with approximately 5300 ppm NH3. The concentration profiles of stable and radical species in lean (φ = 0.92) and rich (φ = 1.13) flames were determined by molecular beam sampling mass spectrometry. Temperature profiles in these flames were measured with thermocouples whose readings were corrected for radiative losses by the Na-line reversal method. Regions of the flames were selected where the principal reaction leading to the destruction of NH3 was By correcting the measured concentrations for diffusion, the net rate of NH3 loss rate was determined in the temperature range 2080-2360 K. The rate constant k1 was determined from the net loss rate with correction for the reaction using measured values of (O) and k2 values given by Salimian, Hanson, and Kruger [1]. The best-fit Arrhenius expression for k1 in the temperature range 2080-2360 K is 1013.88 exp(-4539/T) cm3/mol-s. The results of this study combined with previous lower temperature data confirm the non-Arrhenius behavior of k1 suggested by Salimian, Hanson, and Kruger [1]. The best-fit modified three parameter expression for the range 300-2360 K is 106.33±0.2 T2 exp(-169/T) cm3/mol-s.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 17 (1985), S. 1169-1185 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A discharge-flow apparatus with resonance fluorescence and chemiluminescence detection has been used to monitor O2(b 1σg+) production from several reactions of the HO2 radical at 300 K and 1-torr total pressure. O2(b), HO2, and OH were observed when F atoms were added to H2O2 in the gas phase. Signal strengths of O2(b) were proportional to initial concentrations of H2O2 and HO2. These observations were analyzed by using a simple three step mechanism and a more complete computer simulation with 22 reaction steps. The results indicate that the F + HO2 reaction yields O2(b) with an efficiency of (3.6 ± 1.4) × 10-3. By monitoring [O2(b)] and [HO2] upon addition of an excess second reactant to HO2, O2(b) yields from the reactions of HO2 with O, Cl, D, H, and OH were found to be 〈1 × 10-2, 〈5 × 10-4, 〈2 × 10-3, 〈8 × 10-3, and 〈1 × 10-3, respectively. Yields of O2(b) from the HO2 ± HO2 reaction were found to be less than 3 × 10-2.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 34
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 17 (1985), S. 1231-1245 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of the chlorination of various tertiary alcoholamines by hypochlorite have been studied in alkaline media. A reaction mechanism consistent with the experimental results is put forward, and a relationship is established between the rate constants and the polar parameter (Σσ*) of the substituents.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 35
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985) 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 36
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 3-7 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Biotechnology can contribute to improved human health. Such improvement will also enhance significantly the economic development of the lesser developed nations. If one has in the biomedical sciences the skill and the will, one can utilize the powerful tools of biotechnology to better the well-being of makind throughout the world.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 37
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 8-8 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 38
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper presents the application of a new developed measuring device for continuous determination of ammonium concentration especially in the field of biotechnology. Kinetic measurements of changes of ammonium concentration during stationary and instationary growth of microorganisms allows to quantify such interesting parameters as nitrogen consumption rate rN, productivity rx, specific growth rate ß, adaption time, diauxic behavior and mass content MF of fermenter etc.The results received by the combination of appropriated methods with the ammonium measuring device are not limited to biotechnology, so other applications in the field of chemistry, agriculture, technology, waste water industry etc. are possible.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 39
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 75-80 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence of ethanol and acetic acid concentration on the ATP-pool and energy charge of Acetobacter rancens was investigated.The behaviour of growth and ATP-pool is contrary one to each other. An increasing concentration of acetic acid results in decreased growth rate, ATP-pool and energy charge.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 40
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 81-90 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An analytical method for a rapid determination of the protein dissolved from microorganisms after cell disintegration and protein extraction is presented, thereby distinguishing both the isoelectrical precipitable and the isoelectrical nonprecipitable protein fraction. The method is especially usefull for controlling disintegration and protein extraction steps in production of protein isolates from microbial biomasses.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 41
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 91-100 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The study of a heat-shock process for RNA reduction was carried out for different yeast strains. Different results were obtained from each of them. Candida utilis NRRL Y-660 shows its best performance after a 8-s. heat-shock in the presence of 3% NaCl. For commercial baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces fragilis L-1930, similar results were obtained with only 1% of NaCl. The latter needed longer heat-shock periods. e.g. 15s. to give such an RNA reduction. Biomass recovery ranged from 60 to 75%, being higher for C. utilis and K. fragilis while excessive losses were observed in S. cerevisiae cells.No significant protein deterioration was obtained in the best performance samples. The aminoacid profile appears to be improved in comparison to the starting material in these strains after RNA reduction.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 42
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ethanol synthesis was initiated in aerobically pre-cultivated synchronized yeast populations by interrupting aeration and adding carbon substrate. Synchronization of yeast-cell functions was carried out by aerobic phased cultivation.Ethanol synthesis was more effective if it was closely connected with aerobic cell-mass synthesis and cell proliferation. Thus, anaerobic continuous ethanol production with cell recycling could be intensified by replacement of aged cells in single-cell state by aerobically pre-cultivated budding cells.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 43
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The strains E. coli C 600 and E. coli C 600 pL CR 665-58 were cultivated on a glucose containing nutrient medium. The cell states of the cell cycle were investigated by means of phased cultivation. The doubling time and the specific carbon-substrate consumption of cells were higher when E. coli C 600 pL CR 665-58 was used. During cell doubling cell states characterized by different specific carbon-substrate consumption coefficients were observed.By adaptation of carbon-substrates supply to the repetitive cell states during continuous cultivation of synchronized bacteria populations the efficiency of cell-mass production was increased by 15 percent.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 44
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 187-190 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: At the investigation of some properties of the α-amylase and proteinase in the culture filtrat from Bacillus licheniformis MB 80 strain it has been established that the α-amylase activity is the highest at pH 6.0 to 6.5 and at 90°C, that the proteolytic activity is the highest at pH 9.5 to 10.0 and at 70°C and that the proteinase is inactivated at temperatures over 70°C.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 45
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 181-186 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The cell pools of tryptophan and anthranilate, the excretion of indole-containing metabolites, and the levels of the enzymes of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis have been determined in regulatory mutants of Hansenula henricii. The strain Hg 48-2-M8 produces indoles with a maximum specific productivity of 0.37 mg/g · h at a maximum specific production value of 21 mg/g dry cell weight. This methyl-tryptophan resistant mutant possess an anthranilate synthase, whose inhibition by tryptophan is reduced. The best conditions for production of indoles are the following: 1% glucose as C-source; ammonium as N-source; pH value smaller than 4. We found that under various growth conditions 25-60% synthesized indole-containing metabolites consists of tryptophan.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 46
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 191-196 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An evaluation of different kinds of treatments to enhance the biological degradability of sugarcane bagasse-pith is presented. NaOH treatment, gamma ray irradiation and inoculation of the material with the white rotting mold Sporotrichum pulvurulentum and combinations of above mentioned alternatives were evaluated by measuring the increase in water solubility and the susceptibility to cellulose degradation as well as by the change in the chemical composition of the material.NaOH treatment at 6% concentration and the combined treatment with NaOH at 2% and further fermentation with the mold gave the best results. Gamma irradiation up to a dose of 60 Mrad didn't show an important effect.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 47
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 197-202 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The spectrophotometrical measurement of the diffuse reflectance in fermentation media has been proved useful for the analytical control of the microbial biosynthesis and transformation. A laboratory steril fermenter was fitted at an UV/VIS-spectrophotometer equipped with a diffuse reflectance attachment. The apparent absorbance ΔE8(328) of aromatic hydrocarbons and the reciprocal scattering E8(650) have been compared with parameters of the discontinuous fermentation of the yeast Lodderomyces elongisporus and the bacteria strain EB 10c on petroleum hydrocarbons as a substrat.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 48
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 203-206 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: After a short review over methods for continuous determination of alcohols (methanol or ethanol) in fermentation liquids the working principle of a measuring device is described. With this apparatus preferentially low concentrations in the ppm-range can be measured, but it is also suitable for higher concentrations without the necessity of sample dilution. Indication is linear over a wide range. Finally some experiences with the practical use of the instrument are given.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 49
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Positive and negative effects of dilution of raw effluents from swine breeding are discussed, as to the treatability of those waste waters. Its effects on oxygen consumption and on the variation of inhibitory actions possibly observed, are studied and quantified. Using BRADENDER and VANDEPUTTE techniques based on peptone degradation, and determining PHELPS'S equation parameters for different consumption curves observed, the advantages of dilution versus treatment of raw effluents is studied.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 50
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Some aspects of the kinetics of bioremoval of pollutants during biodegradation of swine-breeding waste waters are studied and a biphasic model is proposed. The concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds during the process is followed. Following a previous contribution on the same subject, the aspects of dilution of those effluents are discussed, and it is proposed to treat raw effluents, in spite of the reduction of possible biostatic actions. Dilution will be acceptable only if strong inhibitory effects are observed.
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  • 51
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstarct.
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  • 52
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 270-270 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstarct.
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  • 53
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 263-269 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method for isolation of optically pure l-isopulegol from a mixture of its optically active isomers using the microorganisms Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Bacillus sp. is described.Microorganisms hydrolyzed l-isopulegyl acetate (26-40%) and in a small degree d-isopulegol acetate whereas the d-neoisopulegol acetate remained non-hydrolyzed.The optical purity of the chromatographie pure l-isopulegol was 97.6%.
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  • 54
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 309-312 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 55
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 313-317 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Lipid extract isolated from biomasses of Lodderomyces elongisporus IMET H 128 grown on gas oil 7(B.p. 240-380°C) and fractions of the lipid extract (acetone soluble and fatty acid fractions) reduced the concentration of potato virus X in inoculated as well as in secondarily infected leaves markedly. The antiphytoviral inactive phosphatide fraction was converted into a fraction with high activity by partial hydrolysis with SO2 as acting agent.
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  • 56
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 18-18 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 57
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Differential values of the specific ethanol production rate \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ v_{(t)} = \frac{1}{{x_{(t)} }} \cdot \frac{{dP}}{{dt}} $$ \end{document} can be calculated exactly from experimental batch fermentation process data by use of a nonlinear regression programme. The method used is based on the fact, that the function P = f(t) can be approximated by an exponential equation. The specific ethanol production rate is calculated then from the first differential derivation of this equation using the appropriated values of actual biomass concentration. For two strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae a linear and nonlinear kinetic pattern, respectively, was found for product formation. This result can be explained by a simple mathematical relation according to ν=ν0 - a . Pb,in which the exponent becomes 1 in the case of linear kinetic pattern.
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  • 58
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 19-25 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In parts 1-3 of the publication exceptionally stationary processes were used as information sources. In this fourth part the application of transition states for the adaption of the static model is investigated. A solution on the basis of a simple disturbance model is proposed and an evaluation of this procedure is given.
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  • 59
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Individual culture supernatants of six cellulolytic fungi and their mixed enzyme systems were compared in hydrolysis of pure celluloses and cellulose-rich wastes. It has been observed that the hydrolysis rate of pure cellulosie substances in general increased by mixed enzymes as compared to the enzymes supernatant derived from only one microbial source. This effect was particularly high when Trichoderma and Penicillium enzyme systems were operated together.
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  • 60
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 34-34 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 61
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 45-50 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: At a comparable sludge loading of the second activation stage of the AB-unit, in comparison with conventional one-stage units for waste-water cleaning, higher process stability and better quality outlet-results are obtainedThese results could be confirmed both in pilot units and in industrial plańnts.
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  • 62
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 35-44 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The rate of photosynthetic activity of a single alga cell, their variability in the course of individual life, the time dependence of conditional influences, the dependence of the action of the condition on the registered parameter are shown by results of our measurements. The further underline the necessity of parallel short- or longtime measurements with several charges. Under these conditions, techniques on the basis of gasanalysers are profitable for the planning of measuring systems for photosynthesis with the ability to continuous, simulataneous in vivo measurements of photosynthetic rates of O2-output and CO2-fixation in open gas-stream with parallel charges. A measuring system, which meets these requirements, is demonstrated.
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  • 63
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 51-59 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A review of errors, which can influence the measured data of electrochemical oxygen sensors (OS) in fermentation technique is presented.The specifities of various sensor constructions are pointed out. References are given for selection of sensors to application in fermenters. Influences on the measured values can take place by fermentation conditions, arrangement of sensors in the fermenter and composition of the fermentation broth. The oxygen measurement in the multi-phase system of fermentation fluids can cause a remarkable deviation of the measured values to the real ones.Practical hints are given for use, calibration and sterilization of OS. Restricting conditions for measurements with this sensors are enumerated.
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  • 64
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 104-104 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 65
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985) 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 66
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 109-113 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Xanthan overproduction only takes place if a sugar which may serve as precursor is present and transition to limited growth occured. This transient phase is characterized by a change in composition of macromolecular cell components (RNA, protein, carbohydrates). During the transient phase nearly no nitrogen is consumed, whereas glucose and oxygen consumption proceeds nearly undisturbed. The changes observed in the transient phase are discussed in context with physiological adaption.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 67
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    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 68
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 128-128 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 69
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 128-128 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 70
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 129-136 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The term “autolysis” was introduced into biological literature by SALKOVSKY [1]. Ever since it began to be used to designate self-digestion of cells under the action of their own intracellular enzymes. This definition is sufficiently satisfactory with regard to bacteria, and there are published lots of original and review papers dealing specifically with bacteria. Considerably less material has been accumulated on eukaryotes, apparently due to the absence of the fact of the cell self-digestion in most yeasts.
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  • 71
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 72
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 144-144 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 73
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    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 137-143 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The total amount of carbon dioxide (CD) produced by a microbial culture is evolved via an outlet gas stream, outflowing broth, and can lead to a rise of the CD content in broth. To analyze relations among the three amounts, the equilibrium is considered between different ionic forms of carbon dioxide at different pH values as well as between the gaseous and disolved CO2. Dependences of the equilibrium constants on temperature are found by a thermodynamic analysis. Numerical estimation of an error of the CD production rate measurement, originating from the neglect of dissolved CD, is developed. The gas analysis technique alone provides a sufficient accuracy at pH lower than 6. At higher pH the error can be estimated using equations presented below.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 74
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence of sucrose concentration on the specific ethanol production rate was studied during batch processes using the yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen Sc 5. From experimental data a model could be derived for the simulataneous effect of substrate and product inhibition. It was found that both the decreases of fermentation activity of the cells caused by sucrose and ethanol have an additional relation to each other. This model also takes into consideration the fact that the maximum ethanol concentration P′ can't be realized at high substrate concentrations in a batch process. Compared to it sucrose concentrations below 100 g/l did not inhibit the ethanol production by the strain used in this investigation.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 75
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 162-162 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 76
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence of the osmotic pressure on the viability of yeast cells was studied in batch processes. It could be found, that the viability is a function of the total osmotic pressure obtained by adding the partial osmotic values of the principal ingredients saccharose, ethanol and salts dissolved in the medium. At optimum process conditions (pH, T, etc.) the cells can tolerate the osmotic pressure up to fixed value π1. Above π1 the viability decreases linearly and upward of a second threshold value π2 nonlinearly. In the case of the used strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen Sc 5 the values of the both points are π1 = 25 atm and π2 = 47 atm.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 77
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 78
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The stirred laboratory scale fermenter LF2 is a powerful device for fermentations with up to 3 liters culture broth [1]. It was designed in the Academy of Sciences of the C.S.S.R. and has found a rather wide application in a great number of organizations working in the fields of biotechnological education, research and industry in the G.D.R. and the C.S.S.R.The LF2-fermenter is well suitable for carrying out a broad manifold of aerated biotechnological works without contaminations in basic research and process development.The mechanic and electronic design gives a lot of room for the realization of special equipment variants like special-shaped reactor vessels or special electronic moduls for automatic control.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 79
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    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 173-180 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: By use of a laboratory fermenter with a gastight circle aeration system all interesting values connected with the respiration of microorganisms can be determined.The advantage of the respiration fermenter is the simple control of the oxygen partial pressure with high accuracy. The aeration is carried out by inert gas-oxygen-mixtures. This system was used to avoid errors in oxygen-concentration measurement and regulation by oxygen sensitive sensors in fermentation fluids.For each selected oxygen partial pressure in the course of fermentation the following date in connection with all desired analytical values can be determined by manual or automatical means.Total oxygen consumption, momentary oxygen consumption rate, kinetics of oxygen consumption rate, kinetics of respiratory quotient.Several opportunities of measurement are presented and examples for application in various microbial systems are given.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 80
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    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 225-234 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The microbially mediated biochemical reactions that occur during anaerobic digestion processes for methane production from soluble carbon energy substrates are well known, but in spite of this, the interactions within the multi-species cultures responsible for the overall process require more detailed elucidation. When the process feed comprises mixed, solid, carbon energy substrates, as in the case of waste sewage sludge stabilization, many aspects of both the process biochemistry and microbiology are unresolved. This mini-review seeks to identify some of these unresolved questions, particularly with respect to operation at thermophilic temperatures.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 81
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    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model of the process of aerobic fermentation in a tower fermenter devided in sections was established and examined by experiments.In this part data for the concentration of biomass, substrate and oxygen in the sections of the bioreactor at countercurrent moving of the phases were characterized.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 82
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 250-250 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 83
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    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 262-262 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstarct.
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  • 84
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    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 271-278 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental kinetic data (initial rate and high conversion) on the hydrolysis of cellobiose by 1,4-β-glucosidace (Gliocladium sp.) have been analysed and a competitive inhibition by glucose has been proposed. The determination of kinetic parameters from integral data is based upon algorithms for non-linear optimization and numerical integration. The values of kinetic constants \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$(v_{\max } = 1.02\frac{{\mu {\rm M}_{{\rm glucose}} }}{{{\rm mg}_{{\rm protein}} \cdot \min }},K_M = 2.6{\rm mM/l, and }K_P = 1.2{\rm mM/l)}$\end{document} agree well with the initialrate results. An important distinction is the confidence limit of parameters. Linear regression analysis shows a virtual accuracy and can lead to wrong conclusions.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 85
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    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 279-284 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The accumulation of nucleic and protein (amino nitrogen) components as decomposition products of the process of autolysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells was studied at 50°C under the effect of various membranotropic additives. The influence of the added n-alcohols, n-fatty acids and several peptides was investigated in the range of concentration of 0.1-0.5 M. The maximal acceleration of the autolysis has been demonstrated under the effect of additives with a hydrophobicity of 7.5-8.5 ccal/M. In all the investigated concentrations stearic acid and octadecyl alcohol have an inhibitory influence. The role of the hydrophobic influences and the mechanism of autolysis are discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 86
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    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 362-362 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 87
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 88
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 117-127 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The primary objectives in biological wastewater and sludge treatment processes are to procedure a minimum quantity of solid, stable residues and a maximum quantity of carbon dioxide from the organisms present in the process feeds. As far as minimizing solids production in activated sludge type processes is concerned, endogenous activity in the recycled biomass is usually considered to be the most important mechanism. However, increased understanding of the growth characteristics of mixed microbial cultures suggests that lysis and “cryptic” growth are probably dominant mechanisms. For pathogen destruction in treatment processes, death and subsequent lysis of pathogens are clearly events that must be promoted.Here, the kinetics for death, lysis and “cryptic” growth in aerobic wastewater treatment and aerobic sludge stabilization processes are examined.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 89
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    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 207-211 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: During the submerged cultivation of Trichoderma sp. 414 on a medium with 2% cellulose containing plant substrats an enzyme system - exocellobiohydrolase (C1-enzyme), endogluconase (Cx-enzyme), β-glucosidase and xylase - catalizing the cellulose hydrolysis was synthesized. The process of enzyme biosynthesis by the microbial strain under the conditions of two-step cultivation in flasks was optimized.The influence of different sources of carbohydrate - avicel, micricel, maize stalk and straw - on the activity of the synthesized enzymes was studied. This activity depends on induction properties and the concentration of the used substrats. During the cultivation of Trichoderma sp. 414 on a medium containing avicel and wheat bran the activity of cellobiohydrolase reaches 40 U/ml and this of endogluconase - 520 U/ml. When the cultivation was performed on a medium containing wheat bran and straw the activity of xylanase reaches 240 U/ml.
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  • 90
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    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 215-218 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A hydrocarbon utilizing strain of Arthrobacter globiformis Lb isolated from local soil has been found to yield lysine 3.4 g l-1, keeping the medium optimal for pH, C- and N-sources. Addition of antibiotics and micronutrients to that optimal media stimulated cell growth and enhanced lysine yield.
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  • 91
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    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 219-219 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 92
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 213-214 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Two methods were employed in order to concentrate a large volume of an extracellular enzyme mixture for lysis of yeast cell walls: ultra-short-time evaporation and ultrafiltration. In the case of ultra-short-time evaporation there was a loss of activity by temperature while by ultrafiltration a good concentration could be received.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 93
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    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 94
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985) 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 95
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 96
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstarct.
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  • 97
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 244-244 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstarct.
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  • 98
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of different quantities and kinds of vegetable and animal oils and the importance of the time of the oil addition on growth and protease synthesis by T. vulgaris was investigated. The used oils stimulate the protease production if they are added in a suitable concentration. However, the stimulation effect of each oil is different. Culture inoculation with spores gives the best results, when oil was added to the medium 1 up to 2 hours after beginning of the fermentation. The enzyme activity is equal to or lower than the control, when the oil addition was carried out before or 3 hours after starting the fermentation.
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  • 99
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    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 297-308 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: By combined application of chemical pretreatments, capillary gas-chromatography and mass spectrometry it was possible to enlighten the structure of atypical fatty acids with hydroxy groups and cyclopropane rings under the use of only a few of reference substances.The direct alkaline saponification of the sample with liberation of fatty acids and following methylation with boron trifluoride/methanol or diazomethane was proved to be the best method regarding to precision and speed of the sample cleanup.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 100
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985) 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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