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  • 1980-1984  (16,828)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (15,115)
  • Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics  (1,301)
  • Gas chromatography  (412)
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Years
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 327 (1984), S. 260-265 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Amitriptyline ; Imipramine ; Clomipramine ; Demethylated metabolites ; Free fractions ; Serum ; Equilibrium dialysis ; Gas chromatography ; Binding parameters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The plasma protein binding of amitriptyline, imipramine, clomipramine, and their primary demethylated metabolites were studied by means of a method combining dialysis and gas chromatography. Equilibrium in dialysis of serum containing amitriptyline and its metabolite nortriptyline was attained in about 0.5 h with the drug dissolved in the serum compartment, and in about 2 h with the drug passing from the buffer to the serum compartment. The calculation of free fractions was influenced by variations with dialysis time in the volumes of serum and buffer. Increase of pH in serum increased the protein binding of the weakly basic drugs studied, and made the Donnan distribution effects more pronounced. At pH 7.4, the Donnan effect was negligible. Binding parameters for the 6 tricyclic antidepressant substances studied were estimated for the binding to α1-acid glycoprotein and for total binding in serum. For α1-acid glycoprotein, the k-values ranged from 1·105 to 8·105 M−1, and for pooled serum from 0.4·105 to 8·105 M−1. The determined number of binding sites on the α1-acid glycoprotein was, on average 0.87 for the 6 substances. In serum, the binding capacity was 2–14 times the concentration of α1-acid glycoprotein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 142 (1984), S. 165-169 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Adrenal gland neoplasms ; Urine steroids ; Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Steroid excretion in urine of 12 infants with virilising adrenal tumours has been determined using gas chromatography. In six children, (Group A, five female, one male) aged 2.8–5.3 years, very high urinary excretions of 17 oxosteroids (〉40 μmol/24 h) were largely accounted for by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA). In one of the girls, the pattern of steroids excreted in urine was similar to that of newborn infants, with high excretions of 16-oxygenated derivatives of DHA. The histology of this tumour suggested a neoplasia of fetal-type adrenocortical cells. Very large tumours were found in three of the infants, two of whom have died and one has multiple metastases. From the other three children, small, well-encapsulated adenomas were successfully removed. Six children (Group B), had moderately elevated 17-oxosteroid exrretions (8–17 μmol/ 24 h). In five of these cases (four female, one male) aged 0.8–5 years, 11β-hydroxyandrosterone was a consistently prominent urinary steroid. In one boy, aged 7.7 years, 17-oxosteroid excretion was 15 μmol/24 h and the major steroids in urine were metabolites of pregnenolone. These six children have survived with no clinical evidence of recurrent tumour. The in vivo functional activities of the tumours can be deduced from the different profiles of steroids in urine. These have revealed heterogeneous patterns of steroid biosynthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 55 (1984), S. 70-75 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Soman ; Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Cholinesterases ; Aliesterase ; Phosphorylphosphatase ; Toxicity ; Stereoselectivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The fate of the four stereoisomers of soman [0-(1,2,2-trimethylpropyl)-methyl-fluoro phosphonate] has been studied a) in vivo in mouse blood and liver after IP injection of 0.75 × LD50 Rc- and Sc-soman respectively, and b) in vitro upon incubation wih acetyl- und pseudocholinesterase, aliesterase and phosphorylphosphatase. The analytical method used is based on gas chromatography — mass spectrometry with deuterated internal standard. Most soman disappeared very rapidly from blood and liver. In liver, SCRP and RCRP, the two isomers that preferentially react with cholinesterase, could be detected. The level of SCRP, which was higher than that of RCRP, could be followed for 17–18 h. In blood only SCRP could be detected. The amounts found were fairly constant during the time period 2 min to 4h, and it could even be detected 17–18 h after soman administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 55 (1984), S. 272-275 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: 2-Ethoxyethanol ; Teratogen ; Adsorption ; Desorption ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A gas Chromatographic procedure for the determination of 2-ethoxyethanol (C2H5OCH2CH2OH) was developed by using the general principles of analysis of solvent vapors. 2-Ethoxyethanol was sampled by adsorbing on activated carbon. It was desorbed with carbon disulfide plus 2-propanol (0.5%). The analytical column was packed with 10% free fatty acid phase on Chromosorb-P AW. The analysis was conducted at 130° C isothermal using a flame ionization detector. Addition of 2-propanol (0.5%) to carbon disulfide improved (P≤0.01) desorption of 2-ethoxyethanol adsorbed on activated carbon. The mean desorption efficiency of carbon disulfide plus 2-propanol (0.5%) was 87.9±2.86% (n=15). Based on a 101 air sample and detector sensitivity of 2×10−10AFS, the calculated limit of detection of 2-ethoxyethanol was 0.1 ppm. The precision (coefficient of variation) for this analytical procedure was 3.34% (n=12). In conclusion, 2-ethoxyethanol adsorbed on activated carbon can be desorbed with carbon disulfide plus 2-propanol (0.5%). Subsequently the desorbed 2-ethoxyethanol can be analyzed by gas chromatographic identification on 10% FFAP using a flame ionization detector.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Cross-linked Stationary phase ; Immobilized Stationary phase ; Packed columns ; Trapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A coating of silicone SE-54 on Chromosorb W has been converted to an analytically stable, immobilized stationary phase layer by cross-linking with an organic peroxide. Up to 10% by weight has been applied in this manner. Excellent high temperature qualities are exhibited, such as low bleeding and good base line stability, during typical analyses. Poly (2,6-dimethyl-p-phenylene oxide) has also been crosslinked as a surface coating on Chromosorb W with an organic peroxide. From 3 to 4% by weight has been immobilized in this way. The resultant packing material, following high temperature conditioning, has been examined for use as an adsorbent of trace substances, similar to the applications to which such adsorbents as Tenax GC have commonly been applied, e.g. trace analysis of air. It appears to exhibit satisfactory properties for this analytical purpose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 21-22 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Isopropylidene-glucose ; Glucose ; GC of TMS-derivatives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary This paper describes the gas chromatographic separation of the mixture of di- and mono-O-isopropylidene-D-glucose and D-glucose as their trimethylsilyl derivatives. The use of OV-101 as liquid phase provides a complete separation for the all components in the mixture. Quantative analysis was performed using xylitol as the internal standard for di- and mono-O-isopropylidene-D-glucose, and sorbitol as the internal standard for α-and β-glucose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Terpenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A procedure is described for recording1H NMR spectra of flowing gaseous GC fractions boiling as high as 200°C. The line width of the signals in the NMR spectra is smaller than 2.2Hz.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 556-559 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Liquid chromatography ; Tetramethrin ; Residues
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A method is described for the analysis of tetramethrin aqueous formulation and residues of tetramethrin on woolen cloth. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile and partitioned with benzene. Interferences were removed by liquid column chromatography with acid alumina and eluted with 10% ethyl acetate-hexane. Analysis was by gas chromatography with a 10% UCW98 (methylsilicone) column. Detection was made with the flame ionization detector to avoid the repeated dilutions necessary with use of the electron capture detector.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Retention index ; Electric parameters ; Physico-chemical relationships ; Structure-retention study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A new equation is derived relating the retention index to the molecular polarizabilities, ionization potentials and permanent dipole moments of the stationary phase and the solute. Various implications of this equation to quantitative structure-retention relationships are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Aldehydes and ketones ; 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine-coated silica gel ; Gas chromatography ; Column liquid chromatography ; Pollution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary After a brief review of several methods described in the literature this paper discusses air-sampling on 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine-coated silica gel and identification requirements for aldehydes and ketones most commonly found in industrial pollution. Quantitative analysis of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde either by GC or by HPLC techniques is established using a dynamic system producing test atmospheres and compared with the usual colorimetric determinations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 11
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Esterification in aqueous solution ; n-Butyl esters of C2−C16 dicarboxylic acids ; Dicarboxylic acid analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary C2−C16 dicarboxylic acids were esterified in aqueous solution in the presence of sulfuric acid. Esterification in water/n-butanol mixtures with mole ratios between 0.02 and 2.53 can be utilized for the quantitative determination of the dicarboxylic acids by gas chromatography. The presence of water does not interfere at water/n-butanol mole ratios below 0.27. For mole ratios above 0.27 anhydrous sodium sulfate has been used for binding the water. The mole ratio range was 0.25–0.75 for anhydrous sodium sulfate/water, and 0.32–1.3 for sulfuric acid/anhydrous sodium sulfate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 202-204 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Polysiloxane stationary phases ; Heat of adsorption ; Heat of solution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The changes in the heat of solution of polar compounds and xylene isomers in methylsilicone fluid OV-101 deposited on Chromosorb W AW DMCS were studied. It was shown that the heat of solution increases with an increase of the percentage loading of the OV-101 up to 10%. Solution and adsorption thermodynamic characteristics of the studied system are briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 49-58 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Fundamentals of Material Selection in the Conditions of Erosive WearProblems of proper selection of materials for parts subjected to wear by a stream of abrasive particles are discussed. Considering the main laws governing such kind of wear, the author concludes that target material selection in the case of erosion, like in any other case of abrasive wear, will depend on the ratio of abrasive grain hardness to material hardness. Special attention should be given to hard components in the abrasive. It has been established that a 10-15% content of quartz particles in the abrasive is enough to cause an abrupt fall in the wear resistance of chilled steels, white iron and hard surfacing alloys, thus making their use questionable. Finegrained WC-Co-type sintered carbides have shown the highest wear resistance in such conditions.The conclusions drawn in this paper are borne cut by a considerable body of experimental data.
    Notes: In dem Artikel werden Probleme der zweckmäßigen Werkstoffauswahl bei der Strahlverschleißbekämpfung behandelt, die allgemeinen Gesetzmäßigkeiten deser Verschleißart dargelegt und gezeigt, daß analog zu anderen Abrasivverschleißarten auch in diesem Fall die Materialauswahl durch einen Vergleich von Werkstoff- und Schleifkornhärte erleichtert wird. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit gilt dem Einfluß von Zusätzen harter Körner in Strahlmittel. Schon ein etwa 10-15prozentiger Anteil von Quarzteilchen ruft eine jähe Senkung des relativen Verschleißwiderstandes bei gehärteten Stählen, Hartguß und Auftragsschweißwiderstandes bei gehärteten Stählen, Hartguß und Auftragsschweißungen hervor und macht deren Anwendung problematisch. Den größten Verschleißwiderstand unter solchen Bedingungen haben feinkörniger WC-Co-Sinterhartmetalle.Die Schlußfolgerungen werden durch umfangreiche Versuchsergebnisse belegt.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 95-96 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: A Study on Alloy Element Loss in MIG Welding of Stainless SteelsAAS-analysis of welding fume yields information about alloy element loss in MIG welding of stainless steels. Welding under shielding gases short of oxygen, the heavy metal loss can be correlated with the element's partial pressures in the welding wire alloy.
    Notes: Durch Analyse des Schweißrauches läßt sich Aufschluß über das Abbrandverhalten von Drahtelektroden gewinnen. Beim MAG-Schweißen unter sauerstoffarmen Schutzgasen wird der Schwermetall-Abbrand durch die Partialdrucke der Legierungskomponenten kontrolliert.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 102-107 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 109-117 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Influence of Specimen Size on the Fracture Mechanical Behaviour of Sintered SteelFracture mechanics testing was carried out with small and big specimens using high-temperature sintered Fe-2%Cu-2.5%Ni-alloys in the densities of ρ = 7.1 and 7.4 g/cm3. These steels are often used in the manufacturing of PM-parts. Due to the different dismensions the crack propagation is for the bigger sizes faster than for the smaller sizes. Also the conditional fracture toughness of the big specimens is superiour to the toughness of the small specimens. But under consideration of a plain strain state for the big specimens and of a plain stress state for the small specimens valid fracture toughness values being independent from the specimen size can be calculated applying linear-elastic fracture mechanics.These results were obtained for both densities investigated. The increase of the density delivers principally better fracture mechanical data. Hereby the relation of strength data with the microstructure is also discussed.
    Notes: Am Beispiel von in der Formteilherstellung häufig verwendeten hochtemperaturgesinterten Fe-2%Cu-2,5%Ni-Legierungen in den Dichten ρ = 7,1 und 7,4 g/cm3 wurden bruchmechanische Untersuchungen an Klein- und Großproben vorgenommen. Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Abmessungen ergibt sich bei Großproben eine größere Rißfortschrittsgeschwindigkeit und eine größere vorläufige Bruchzähigkeit als bei den Kleinproben. Durch Zuordnung des ebenen Dehnungszustandes zu den Großproben und des ebenen Spannungszustandes zu den Kleinproben läßt sich jedoch unter Berücksichtigung der jeweiligen plastischen Zonen ein von der Probenform unabhängiger gültiger Bruchzähigkeitswert auf der Basis der linear-elastischen Bruchmechanik berechnen.Diese Ergebnisse gelten für beide Dichtevarianten, wobei die Erhöhung der Dichte die bruchmechanischen Kennwerte grundsätzlich verbessert. Hierbei wird auch auf den Zusammenhang zwischen den Festigkeitskennwerten und dem Gefüge eingegangen.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. A35 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 140-148 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Remote Testing of Polymers with Photothermal Analysis of Thermal WavesAfter an introduction to thermal waves a comparison is made of photoacoustic detection methods (gas cell, piezoceramic) and photothermal detection arrangements (front surface and rear surface methods). Previously only photoacoustic methods have been applied to polymer related problems, while the advantages of photothermal measurements - remote and nondestructive evaluation - have been demonstrated on metals. The experimental part of this paper presents first steps to apply photothermal analysis of thermal waves to some problems of polymers: thickness measurement of thin layers; on-surface and subsurface defects; delamination of bonding and coating curing reactions; glass fibre content; orientation of fibres and molecules; aging processes.The present results indicate that the method can be used for nondestructive remote quality assurance of thin layers and foils. Further development is required to apply the method to nondestructive testing of thick walled components.
    Notes: Nach einer Einführung in die Grundlagen von Wärmewellen werden die photoakustischen Meßmethoden (Gaszelle, Piezokeramik) den photothermischen Meßmöglichkeiten (Frontseiten- und Rückseitenmethode) erläuternd gegenübergestellt. Kunststoffbezogene Problemstellungen wurden bisher nahezu ausschließlich mit photoakustischen Methoden bearbeitet. Die Vorteile der photothermischen Messungen - berührungslose und zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - konnten bisher an Metallen verdeutlicht werden. Der experimentelle Teil dieser Arbeit zeigt in ersten Schritten auf, daß auch bei Kunststoffen folgende Problemstellungen mit der Methode der photothermischen Wärmewellenanalyse bearbeitet werden können.Dickenmessung dünner Schichten; äußere und innere Fehlstellen; Haftungsfehler bei Verklebungen oder Beschichtungen; Vernetzungsreaktionen; Glasfaseranteil; Glasfaser- und Molekülorientierungen; Alterungsvorgänge.Die bisherigen Ergebnisse lassen sich in die zerstörungsfreie Qualitätssicherung dünner Schichten und Folien übertragen. Die zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von dickwandigen Bauteilen bedarf einer methodischen Weiterentwicklung.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. A101 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 21
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 411-415 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Steel of the type 13%Cr6%Ni modified with 0.56%Mo allows to achieve favourable mechanical metallurgy properties, including decrease of the susceptibility to temper embrittlement. Application of two-stage tempering (first at 625°C, second at 575-600 °C) leads to counterbalanced mechanical properties and to the improvement of corrosion resistance in dependence on the modification of structure.The physical metallurgy characteristics were completed by potentiodynamic measurements. It was found that this evaluation indicates very sensitively the formation of austenite in the structure after applying tempering at intercritical temperatures. A model of austenite stabilization using the single and two-stage tempering method is presented.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 22
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 436-436 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 23
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. A2 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 25
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Finsh and Solid Rolling of Automotive Running Gear and Drive ComponentsAutomotive parts, in particular running gear and drive components, are subject to high dynamic loads in regards to strength.When designing new parts, this is taken into account through dimensioning, material selection and constructional conception. Normally the mentioned measures will not be applied to old designs if, for example, they are subjected later to higher loads because of an increase in engine power output. Only the selection of different materials as well as strength increasing measures and methods remain for these parts.An important method is solid rolling. The examples of completed designs demonstrate the possible strength improvements, influence of rolling force on component strength as well as desired and undesired accompaniments.A comparison is made between solid rolling and other strength improving measures, such as inductive hardening.The results show the solid rolling method to be cost-favorable, very effective and safe in handling. The method has its limits in geometry (open rotation-symmetrical cross sections are required), size (component too large, cross section too filigreed) and application range (temperature) of components.
    Notes: Kraftfahrzeug-Bauteile, insbesondere Fahrwerkskomponenten und Antriebsbauelemente sind festigkeitsmäßig dynamisch hoch beansprucht.Bei der Neukonstruktion wird dem durch Dimension, Werkstoffauswahl und Konstruktionsprinzip Rechnung getragen. An bestehenden Konstruktionen, wenn diese beispielsweise durch spätere Leistungssteigerung höher belastet werden, scheiden in der Regel die genannten Maßnahmen aus. Hier bleiben dann neben anderer Werkstoffwahl nur festigkeitssteigernde Maßnahmen und Verfahren.Als ein bedeutendes Verfahren steht hier das Festwalzen. Die Beispiele ausgeführter Konstruktionen zeigen die möglichen Festigkeitssteigerungen, den Einfluß der Walzkräfte auf die Bauteilfestigkeit sowie erwünschte und unerwünschte Begleiterscheinungen.Es wird verglichen zwischen Festwalzen und anderen Maßnahmen zur Festigkeitssteigerung wie Induktivhärten.Das Ergebnis zeigt das Festwalzverfahren als kostengünstig, sehr wirksam und sicher in der Handhabung. Grenzen liegen verfahrensbedingt in der Geometrie (offene rotationssymmetrische Querschnitte notwendig), Dimension (Bauteil zu groß, Querschnitt zu filigran) und im Einsatzbereich (Temperatur) der Bauteile.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 26
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 65-72 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Activation Enthalpies and Mechanisms of Subcritical Crack Propagation in Aluminium Oxide CeramicsProgressive crack propagation has been investigated in the temperature range between 25 and 1000°C for two commercial varieties of Al2O3 ceramic, using double torsion specimens. 3 different temperature regions have been found, each of them with a different dependence of the effective activation enthalpie on the stress intensity factor. While at low temperatures the crack propagation rate is mainly controlled by the reaction of the grain boundary phase with the water vapor partial pressure of the environment, the softening of this phase is the predominent factor at high temperatures.
    Notes: An zwei Qualitäten kommerzieller Al2O3-Keramik unterschiedlichen SiO2-Gehalts wurde an Doppeltorsionsproben die langsame Rißausbreitung im Temperatubereich von 25 bis 1000°C untersucht. Es wurden drei Bereiche gefunden, die eine unterschiedliche Abhängigkeit der effektiven Aktivierungsenthalpien vom Spannungsintensitätsfaktor aufweisen. Bei niedrigen Temperaturen steuert im wesentlichen die Reaktion des Wasserdampfes der umgebenden Luft mit der Korngrenzenphase die Rißausbreitung, bei hohen Temperaturen spielt die Erweichung dieser Korngrenzenphase die entscheidende Rolle.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 27
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ductility of Metallic Diffusion Type Coatings on Nickel-Based Alloys and its DeterminationA test method is being presented by which ductility properties of metallic diffusion coatings, which are used against hot corrosion e.g. on turbine blades, can be measured. The ductility measurements are based upon the acoustic emission during crack initiation within coated specimens under mechanical load. By plotting the acoustic emission and the stress vs. elongation simultaneously, the crack initiation stress vs. elongation simultaneously, the crack initiation stress of the coating and the 0,2%-proof stress of the substrate can be determined by the same experiment. Correlations between these two stress levels led to ductility characteristics and within the scope of these investigations to dependences on temperature, coating thickness, strain rate and thermal history of the coating/substrate system. The investigations were carried out on three different diffusion coatings combined with two nickel-base superalloys. Ductility measurements up to 850°C led to ductile-brittle-transition-temperatures as well as to temperature dependant stress and strain levels, below which the coatings on certain substrate behave in a ductile manner.
    Notes: Diffusionsschutzschichten gegen Heißgaskorrosion sind vielfach bei niedrigen Temperaturen spröde und werden erst bei höheren Temperaturen zäh. Für das Betriebsverhalten beschichteter Turbinenschaufeln z. B. ist die Kenntnis der Übergangstemperatur vom spröden zum zähen Verhalten von Bedeutung, wobei die Eigenschaften der Schutzschicht vom jeweiligen Trägerwerkstoff beeinflußt werden. - Es wird nun ein Prüfverfahren vorgestellt, mit dem an beschichteten Proben unter mechanischer Beanspruchung das Auftreten erster Anrisse in der Schutzschicht durch Schallemissionsmessungen nachgewiesen und gleichzeitig durch die Aufnahme eines Spannung-Dehnung-Schaubildes die relative Lage der Anrißspannung der Schutzschicht und der 0,2 Grenze des Trägerwerkstoffes erfaßt werden. Aus den durchgeführten Versuchen ließen sich Angaben über die Zähigkeit in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur und anderen Einflußgrößen wie Schichtdicke, Dehngeschwindigkeit und thermischer Vorgeschichte ableiten. Auf diese Weise konnten für drei verschiedene Schutzschichten, dei mit zwei hochwarmfesten Nickellegierungen kombiniert waren, Spröde Zäh-Übergangstemperaturen bestimmt werden. Weiterhin ergaben sich bis zur höchsten Prüftemperatur von 850°C Spannungs- und Dehnungsgrenzen, unterhalb derer die untersuchten Schutzschichten auf den Trägerwerkstoffen rißfrei bleiben.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 28
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 108-108 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 117-123 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ergebnisse von Untersuchungen mit einem instrumentierten Kerbschlaghammer an einer Molybdänbasislegierung, Nickelbasislegierungen und Incoloy 800Mit einem instrumentierten Pendelschlagwerk wurden Experimente an der Molybdänbasislegierung TZM, den Nickelbasislegierungen Nimocast 713 LC, Inconel 625, Nimonic 86, Hastelloy S und der Eisenbasislegierung Incoloy 800 durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse werden unter den Gesichtspunkten der verbrauchten Schlagenergien und der dynamischen Bruchzähigkeit diskutiert.In allen Fällen war die Übereinstimmung zwischen den Energien, die am Schleppzeiger des Hammers abgelesen wurden und den Energien, die durch die Integration des Kraft-Weg Diagrammes ermittelt wurden, ausgezeichnet.Ein Verfahren für die Bestimmung der dynamischen Bruchzähigkeit für eine Last vs. Lastpunktverschiebungskurve mit hohen Oszillationen unter Verwendung einer gemittelten Kurve wurde vorgeschlagen. Verwendet man dieses Verfahren, findet man keinen deutlichen Einfluß der Experimente mit Hammer und Stössel (5,0 m/s und 0,1 m/s) auf die dynamische Bruchzähigkeit. Halbiert man die Fallhöhe, d.h. halbiert man die totale Schlagenergie, so werden die dynamischen Bruchzähigkeitswerte für die Legierungstypen erniedrigt.Niedrige absorbierte Schlagenergien sind oft verknüpft mit hohen Bruchzähigkeitswerten. Hier fehlt die Reserve in der Verformung und/oder im stabilen Rißwachstum.
    Notes: Experiments were performed on the molybdenum base alloy TZM, the nickel base alloys Nimocast 713 LC, Inconel 625, Nimonic 86, Hastelloy S, and the iron base alloy Incoloy 800 with an instrumented impact machine. The results are discussed in terms of absorbed impact energies and dynamic fracture toughness.In all cases the agreement between the energy determined by the dial reading and the energy determined by the integration of the load vs. load point displacement diagram was excellent.A procedure for the determination of the dynamic fracture toughness for load vs. load point displacement diagrams exhibiting high oscillations using an averaged curve is proposed. Using this procedure a pronounced influence of the experiments with tup and chisel (5.0 m/s and 0.1 m/s respectively) on the dynamic fracture toughness is not detectable. Using half the drop height, i.e. halving the total energy, lowers the dynamic fracture toughness values for these types of alloys. Low absorbed impact energies are often combined with high fracture toughness values. In these cases there is no or only a small reserve in deformation and/or stable crack growth.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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  • 31
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 149-153 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Welding in Tank and Plant ConstructionSince a relatively limited number of plastics types are used, the welding tasks involved in chemical apparatus engineering can be accomplished with just a few welding techniques are well-known and welding can be carried out efficiently, reliably and economically by this means. In this respect, however, a number of important principles have to be observed. The DVS guidelines provide vital information on questions relating to calculation, design, personnel, equipment, material and testing. Extrusion welding enjoys prime importance as regards quality and economic aspects.
    Notes: Die Schweißaufgaben im chemischen Apparatebau werden an einer relative geringen Anzahl von Kunststofftypen mit wenigen Schweißverfahren bewältigt. Diese Verfahren sind in ihren Grenzen erfaßt und erlauben sichere und wirtschaftliche Schweißungen. Es sind hierbei allerdings eine Reihe wichtiger Grundsätze zu beachten. Die entsprechenden DVS-Richtlinien geben zu Berechnungs-, Gestaltungs, Personal-, Geräte-, Material- und Prüffragen wesentliche Hinweise. Vorrangige Bedeutung im Hinblick auf Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit im Behälter- und Apparatebau hat das Extrusionsschweißen.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 32
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 153-157 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Long Term Testing of Welded Joints from HDPE under Complex LoadingTest methods to determine the long term weld-factors for heated tool butt weldings, extrusion weldings and hot gas weldings are presented. Instead of tensile bars welded pipers are tested under internal pressure to abbreviate the test times. The results of long term creep tests with welded and unwelded PE-HD pipes under the influence of several fluids are also discussed.
    Notes: Für die im Apparate- und Behälterbau am meisten angewandten Schweißverfahren: Heizelementstumpf-, Extrusions- und Warmgas-schweißen werden Prüfmethoden zur Bestimmung der Langzeit-schweißfaktoren vorgestellt. Als Prüfkörper werden hierbei geschweißte Rohre verwendet, um einen mehrdimensionalen Span-nungszustand zu realisieren und die Prüfzeiten zu verkürzen. Desweiteren wird der Einfluß einiger Medien auf geschweißte Rohre im Vergleich mit ungeschweißten Rohren untersucht.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 33
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 183-185 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Experiences in Welding Highly Pure, Gas-Sensitive MaterialsHighly pure steels and non-ferrous react during processing, particularly welding, with atmospheric gases and change their service properties. Hence special measures are often necessary in forming and inert gas welding. Taking the specific example of a high pure chromium steel (superferritic), welding properties, processing data and selection of suitable inert gas torches are described. The possibility of applying this information to other materials such as titanium is discussed.
    Notes: Hochreine Stähle und Nichteisenmetalle reagieren bei der Verarbeitung, insbesondere beim Schweißen mit den Gasen der Luft und verändern ihre Gebrauchseigenschaften. Daher sind vielfach Sondermaßnahmen beim Formieren und Schutzgasschweißen notwendig. Speziell am Beispiel eines Chromstahles hoher Reinheit (Superferrit) werden die Schweißeigenschaften, Daten der Verarbeitung sowie die Auswahl geeigneter Schutzgasbrenner beschrieben. Vergleichende Hinweise und Anwendungsbeispiele für andere Werkstoffe wie z. B. Titan sind möglich.
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  • 34
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 190-190 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 35
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 199-206 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Untersuchungen zum Einfluß der Hammergeschwindigkeit und der Auslagerung auf die dynamische Bruchzähigkeit für Inconel 625Mit einem instrumentierten Pendelschlagwerk wurden Experimente an der Nickelbasislegierung Inconel 625 im Anlieferungszustand und nach Auslagerung über 3,6 Ms (1000 h) bei 923 K (650°C) unter Anwendung unterschiedlicher Fallhöhen durchgeführt. Die verbrauchte Schlagenergie kann sowohl über den Schleppzeiger, über die Integration des Kraft-Lastpunktverschiebungs-Diagrammes als auch aus der Integration des Kraft-Zeit-Diagrammes bei gleichzeitiger Kenntnis der Schlaggeschwindigkeit v0 unmittelbar vor Auftreffen des Hammers auf die Probe ermittelt werden. In allen Fällen ist die Übereinstimmung gut.Es wird gezeigt. -daß die dynamische Bruchzähigkeit abhängig ist von der Hammergeschwindigkeit v0 und damit von der totalen Energie des Hammers bei unterschiedlichen Fallhöhen.-daß die Versprödung infolge Wärmebehandlung nicht mit einer Absenkung der Bruchzähigkeit verbunden ist, obwohl eine starke Abnahme der verbrauchten Schlagenergie beobachtet wird. Definiert man eine dynamische Spannung σ aus der Geschwindigkeitsabhängigkeit der Bruchzähigkeit, so ist σ größer für das versprödete Material im Vergleich zum Anlieferungszustand. Diese Tendenz ist von Zugversuchen her bekannt.-daß die dynamische Bruchzähigkeit mit der absorbierten Schlagenergie bis zum Lastmaximum für das wärmebehandelte Material korreliert werden kann, während für den Anlieferungszustand keine Abhängigkeit gefunden wird.Die Änderung der Hammergeschwindigkeit im Verlauf des Stoßprozesses ist nur klein für diesen Werkstofftyp.
    Notes: Experiments were performed with an instrumented impact machine using different drop heights, on the nickel base alloy Inconel 625 in the as-received state and after heat treatment for about 3.6 Ms (1000 h) at 923 K (650°C).The absorbed impact energy can be obtained either by the direct dial reading, by the integration of the load versus load point displacement diagram or by the integration of the load versus time diagram, knowing the initial impact velocity v0 of the tup. In all cases the agreement was excellent.It is shown that. -the dynamic fracture toughness is dependent on the tup velocity v0 and, as a consequence, on the total energy of the hammer at the different drop heights.-defining a dynamic stress σ from the velocity dependence of the fracture toughness, the stress σ is higher for the embrittled material - a tendency verified by tensile tests.-the dynamic fracture toughness can be correlated with the absorbed impact energy up to the load maximum for the heat treated material while the as-received material exhibits no such dependence.The change in the tup velocity during the impact process is only small for this type of material.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 36
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 37
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 38
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 246-250 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Schallemissionsprüfung von Wärmetauschern des Reaktors SaphirDie Schallemissionsanalyse ist eine zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethode, die zur Untersuchung und Überwachung von Strukturen und druckführenden Komponenten verwendet wird. Das Ziel der Messung am 5 MW Forschungsreaktor Saphir war die Untersuchung und Auswertung der hohen Betriebsgeräusche in den Wärmetauschern des Kühl-systems.Die Ergebnisse zeigten, daß von den 9 Wärmetauschern, die in 3 Gruppen angeordnet sind, 5 Wärmetauscher ein hohes Betriebsgeräusch aufweisen. Die Ursache ist auf die Schwingung der Rohrbündel in Wärmetauschern beim Durchfluß des Pool-Wassers zurückzuführen. Die axiale Ortung bestätigte, daß die Geräusche von mehreren Quellen verursacht werden.
    Notes: The acoustic emission technique is a non-destructive testing method used for inspection and surveillance of structures and pressurized components. In particular, the purpose of the measurement on the 5 MW research reactor SAPHIR was to investigate and evaluate the abnormally high noise levels during operation of the heat exchangers of the cooling system.The results showed that 5 heat exchangers out of the total of 9 (assembled in 3 groups) were responsible for the higher noise level. This is probably due to some abnormal vibration of the tube bundles therein, caused by the through-flow of the pool water. Indeed, attempts of localizing the source showed that there must be several, distributed sources.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 39
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 250-256 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ultrasonic Testing of Metal DepositsThe adhesive strength of Ni-deposits has been determined with the well known ring shear test and by a test procedure which usually is used to analyze the resistance of a material against cavitation. In this case the specimen is fastened at the top of an ultrasonic vibrator and oscillates in an aqueous fluid. The deposit/substrate interface is strengthened by high accelerative forces and by mechanical attack of imploding bubbles in the fluid. It was shown that this method is able to distinguish the effect of different pretreatment of the substrate surface. The test result is given as the duration of attack without any exfoliation of the deposit.
    Notes: Die Prüfung der Haftfestigkeit metallischer Überzüge auf z. B. metallischen Grundwerkstoffen spielt eine wichtige Rolle im Hinblick auf die Funktionalität der beschichteten Bauteile im Betrieb. Ihre Bestimmung ist nicht in einfacher Weise möglich, wenn es gilt, Zahlenwerte zu erhalten. Nachfolgend werden zwei Verfahren vorgestellt, von denen das eine, nämlich der ring-shear-test, schon seit längerer Zeit bekannt ist, das andere jedoch, die Untersuchung mit dem Ultraschallkoppelschwinger, neu entwickelt wurde. Die Heranziehung des ring-shear-testes dient in der vorliegenden Arbeit dem Vergleich, wobei hier bekanntlich Zahlenwerte mit der Dimension einer Spannung erhalten werden, während der Versuch mit dem Ultraschallkoppelschwinger Beständigkeitszeiten als Entscheidungskriterium liefert.Gleichzeitig ließ sich mit beiden Methoden der Einfluß der Vorbehandlung auf die Haftfestigkeit eindeutig nachweisen.
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  • 40
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 257-264 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Statistical Size Effect at Random LoadingResults of random tests are used to show the applicability of the theory of statistical size effect. The specimens of all the tests of this report were made from the aluminium alloy 7075 T 7351. The specimens were machined from plates (2000 × 1000 × 40 mm). The main dimension of the specimens corresponds with the rolling direction. A standard random load sequence of Gaussian type which is recommended for general application in fatigue testing was used as loading program [19].In a first test series notched round bar specimens (Fig. 2) were used to investigate the sequence effect. 30 specimens were tested with the standard load sequence, 30 specimens with the variable load sequence. All the other test conditions were kept constant. Fig. 4 shows that the scatter of lifetime (cycles to fracture) is not influenced by the load sequence.In a second test series flat specimens with central holes were tested (Fig. 5) in order to show the existence of a pure statistical size effect at random loading. If the specimen has 1, 3 or 7 holes and all the other test conditions are kept constant, only the size of the area where cracks can initiate is enlarged. The results which are plotted in Fig. 6 show a very clear size effect. The results of the 1-hole specimen (A = A0) were used to determine the constants of Eq. (5). By inserting A = 3 A0 resp. A = 7 A0 the other test results can be predicted. In a third test series round bar specimens with a circumferential notch with different notch root radius (ρ = 1 mm resp. ρ = 6 mm) were tested (Fig. 2, Table 1). The specimens were loaded in such a way that the maximum stress in the notch root and its time-dependence was equal. In this very common case, the stress integral must be determined by applying Eq. (3). Additional tests to determine k and numerical calculations were necessary to evaluate Eq. (3). The final results are plotted in Fig. 8. By inserting A = A0 resp. A = 5 A0 into Eq. (7) the results can be described.The basis of the applicability of the theory of statistical size effect is the weakest link concept. The examination of the fracture surface and X-ray analyses showed that there was a higher content of iron (Fig. 11) in those regions where the fatigue cracks initiated. It is supposed that inclusions of intermetallic Al-Fe particles are those weakest links in the structure, where fatigue cracks nucleate.
    Notes: Es wurde der Einfluß der Bauteilgröße auf das Anrißlebensdauerverhalten bei zufallsartiger Schwingbeanspruchung an gekerbten Prüfkörpern aus der Al-Legierung AlZnMgCu 1,5 (7075T7351) untersucht. Durch geeignete Prüfkörperwahl gelang eine Trennung des statistischen (Fehlstellenmodell) und des spannungsmechanischen (Stützwirkungsmodell) Effekts und damit der Nachweis des rein statistischen Einflusses der Baugröße. Darüber hinaus wurde gezeigt, daß das auf dem Fehlstellenmodell beruhende Rechenverfahren auch bei Änderung der Stützwirkung im Bauteil seine Gültigkeit bewahrt. Der Begriff der Fehlstelle konnte durch eine konkrete mikrostrukturelle Werkstoffinhomogenität ersetzt werden. Diese zufällig im Material verteilten Fehler werden als Ursache für die Lebensdauerstreuung angesehen. In diesem Zusammenhang konnte für eine auf einem stationären Gaußprozeß beruhende Lastfolge geklärt werden, daß die Lebensdauerstreuung nicht von der Lastspielreihenfolge abhängt, wenn das Beanspruchungskollektiv und der zeitliche Charakter des Lastablaufs erhalten bleiben.
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  • 41
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. A65 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 42
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 309-314 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Oszillationen des Korrosionspotentials bei rostfreien StählenDie Korrosionspotentiale von rostfreien Stählen in chloridhaltigen Lösungen sind in Umgebungen, in denen weder Lochfraß noch Spaltkorrosion auftreten, konstant. In diesen Fall sind die Korrosionspotentiale weitgehend unabhängig von der Temperatur und der Chloridionkonzentration. Bei Stählen mit abnehmendem Korrosions widerstand oder mit zunehmender Temperatur und zunehmender Chloridionkonzentration tritt eine Situation ein, bei der das Korrosionspotential zu oszillieren beginnt - und zwar zwischen zwei Werten, die ungefähr dem Lochfraßpotential Ep und dem Repassivierungspotential Epp entsprechen. Diese Potentialoszillationen sind häufig von Lochfraß und Spaltkorrosion begleitet; andererseits gibt es Fälle, bei denen sogar nach langer Zeit kein Korrosionsanriß sichtbar ist. Die Oszillationen werden einem instabilen Passivitätsverhalten zugeschrieben.
    Notes: The corrosion potentials of stainless steels in chloride solutions for conditions significantly removed from those leading to pitting and crevice corrosion are constant and to a first approximation largely independent of temperature and chloride ion concentration. With increasing temperature and/or chloride ion concentration or with decreasing corrosion resistance there comes a situation when the corrosion potential begins to oscillate, between two and values roughly corresponding to Ep and Epp. These potential oscillations are often associated with pitting and crevice corrosion, although there are clear cases when no corrosion attack was visible even after prolonged exposure. The oscillations are attributed to unstable passivity.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 323-330 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Interaction between Work-Material and Forming-Process and its Investigation by ExperimentsExperiments are described and discussed for determining material properties before metal forming as well as process parameters during the metal forming operation and workpiece properties after metal forming.Before metal forming “pure” properties of matter have to be determined which in many cases is achieved by standardized testing methods. During and after the forming operation, however, the testing methods of interest are not yet standardized to the same extent. In particular it is necessary after metal forming, to take into account the effect of geometry on the workpiece properties which results into modified conditions for testing material and workpiece properties.
    Notes: Es werden Versuche beschrieben und diskutiert, in denen Werkstoffeigenschaften vor dem Umformvorgang, Verfahrensparameter während der Umformung sowie Werkstoff- und Werkstückeigenschaften nach der Umformung erfaßt werden können.Zur Bestimmung von Werkstoffeigenschaften vor der Umformung stehen zahlreiche genormte oder sonstwie vereinheitlichte Prüfverfahren zur Verfügung. Dies ist bei Versuchen während und nach der Umformung nicht in gleichem Maße der Fall. Insbesondere muß nach der Umformung der Einfluß der Geometrie auf die Werkstückeigenschaften berücksichtigt werden, wodurch sich veränderte Bedingun-gen für Versuche zur Erfassung von Werkstoff- und Werkstückeigenschaften ergeben.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 44
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 359-362 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 45
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. A83 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 46
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 371-377 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Bruchenergiemessungen an keramischen WärmedämmschichtenDie Bruchenergie von plasmagespritzten Wärmedämmschichten aus ZrO2 · MgO, ZrO2 · Y2O3, ZrO3 · CaO · Al2O3 und Al2O3 · TiO2 auf Metallsubstraten wurde sowohl für einen Adhäsionsbruch als auch für einen Kohäsionsbruch der Deckschichten mit Hilfe gekerbter Schichtverbundbiegeproben ermittelt. Die verallgemeinerte Energiefreisetzungsrate wurde als Maß für die Bruchenergie benutzt. Sie berücksichtigt die in der Kraft-Durchbiegungskurve der Proben auftretende Nichtlinearität. Das Versagen der Proben innerhalb der Deckschicht oder in der Grenzfläche wird von der Bildung und Vereinigung von sekundären Rissen in der Deckschicht begleitet. Diese Vorgänge verursachen das nichtlineare Verformungsverhalten und eine von der Rißgeschwindigkeit abhängige Bruchmorphologie.
    Notes: The fracture energy of plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings of ZrO2 · MgO, ZrO2 · Y2O3, ZrO2 · CaO · Al2O3, and Al2O3 · TiO2 on metal substrates is obtained for both adhesive and cohesive failure modes of the coatings using notched layer-bonded bend test specimens. The generalized energy release rate was employed as a measure of the fracture energy. It takes account of the nonlinearity found in the load-deflection curves of the specimens. The failure of the specimens within the coating or at the interface is accompanied by the formation and linking of secondary cracks in the coating. This causes the non-linearity in the deformation behaviour and a rate-dependent failure morphology.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 47
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 402-402 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 48
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. A93 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 49
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 416-420 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Improvement of Fatigue Properties by Roll PeeningWith sophisticated calculations a better understanding of the roll peening process is possible. Calculations together with experimental determination of the fatigue properties allow for a reduced test program to determine the fatigue limit of specimens with similar geometrical shape.
    Notes: Mit Hilfe verbesserter Berechungsverfahren lassen sich vertiefte Erkenntnisse über die Vorgänge beim Festwalzen gewinnen. Darüber hinaus bietet die rechnerische Analyse der Vorgänge zusammen mit der experimentellen Ermittlung der Schwingfestigkeit die Möglichkeit einer Übertragbarkeit auf andere Werkstoffzustände und Proben - bzw. Kerbformen. Hierdurch lassen sich Einsparungen durch verminderten Versuchsaufwand erreichen.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 50
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 436-436 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 51
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 329-332 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Deactivation ; Polymethylhydrosiloxanes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 52
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 338-339 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Pesticides ; Multidetection ; ECD-NPSD-SSD ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 53
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 332-333 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Polarity mixtures ; Reaction products ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 54
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 370-374 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Trace analysis ; On-column injection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Large sample volume on-column injection (up to 250 μL) of n-pentane solutions of halogenated hydrocarbons has been employed for the direct measurement of both low-boiling and high-boiling compounds in what is essentially a single run. Two-bonded phase, fused-silica capillary columns are joined in series, through which the low-boiling compounds are first chromatographed and detected with an electron capture detector. High-boiling compounds are then trapped in a section joining the two columns, and subsequently chromatographed in the second column, using the same detector. This procedure permits analysis at the ppt level.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 55
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 404-410 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Multidimensional capillary columns ; Enantiomeric separations ; Intermediate trapping ; Mixed polarities ; Terpene alcohols ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 56
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Low and high resolution liquid chromatography ; Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Alkali flame detection ; Chemical ionization mass spectrometry ; Nitro-PAHs ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An analytical procedure is described for the fractionation of organic compounds present in environmental samples and the determination of nitro polyaromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs). Both low and high resolution liquid chromatography are employed for the prefractionation of the soluble organic fraction (SOF) extracted from particulate matter or gaseous pollutants collected on adsorption traps. High resolution gas chromatography is used to analyze four fractions containing alkanes, PAHs, nitro-PAHs, and other polar PAHs. Nitrogen-containing species are separated by GC and detected specifically using an alkali flame (NPD) detector. Flame ionization (FID) detection, GC-MS of positive ions, and negative ion chemical ionization MS of the whole fraction is used for the identification and quantitation of the various components. The composition of SOF extracted from particulate matter emitted from diesel exhausts is elucidated and a large number of nitro-PAHs identified by the combination of the various techniques.
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  • 57
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 536-537 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; On-Column injection ; Vaporizing injection ; Decomposition ; α-Ferrocenyl carbinols ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 58
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 700-701 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Glass capillary columns ; Immobilization ; 60Co gamma radiation ; Medium-polarity phase ; OV-1701-Vi ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 59
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 60
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. A10 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 61
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Tests with MoS2-Coating to Improve the Emergency Operating Characteristics between Cam-Ring and Vanes of the Vane Pumps when Operating with Water Glycol FluidsThe relatively poor wear- and corrosion-protection properties of water glycol fluids. Lead to premature wearing of some hydraulic components. In this report we will show, how in the case of vane pumps with a special surface coating improved emergency operating characteristics can be achieved between the moving parts and thereby an increase in the service life of these pump.
    Notes: Das relativ schlechte Verschleißschutzvermögen sowie verminderter Korrosionsschutz von HFC-Flüssigkeiten führen bei einigen Bauelementen zu vorzeitigen Ausfällen. In diesem Bericht wird gezeigt wie man bei Flügelzellenpumpen durch eine entsprechende Oberflächen-Beschichtung eine Verbesserung der Notlaufeigenschaft zwischen den Gleit- bzw. Reibpartnern erreichen kann, und dadurch die Lebensdauer der Pumpen erhöht.
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  • 62
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 34-40 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
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  • 63
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Simple Constitutive Equations for Multiaxial Creep of Non-linear Viscoelastic MaterialsIsochronous creep data in uniaxial tension, compression and shear were used to formulate and test constitutive equations for nonlinear viscoelastic materials with different creep response in simple tension and compression.
    Notes: Isochrone Kriechergebnisse aus einachsigen Zug-, Druck- und Schubversuchen werden zur Formulierung und Untersuchung von Stoffgleichungen für nichtlinearviskoelastische Werkstoffe mit unterschiedlichem Kriechverhalten bei Zug- und Druckbeanspruchung verwendet.
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  • 64
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. A96 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 65
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 427-435 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion Resistant Materials for Fluorine and Hydrogen FluorideAluminum and Duralumin are restistant against fluorine and hydrogen fluoride up to 600 and 700 K, respectively. The resistance of nickel and its alloys, particularly monel, against fluorine and hydrogen fluoride is fairly good up to 900 and 800 K. During the attack of nickel-chromium alloys by fluorine between 1000 and 1300 K, it appears an inner fluorination similarly to the inner oxidation.The resistance of titanium in water-free liquid fluorine at lower temperatures with 〈 0,3 mm · a-1 is comparable to that of nickel and monel. However, the corrosion of titanium in gaseous fluorine amounts at 377 K only 0,0082 mm · a-1. In spite of their limited resistance against fluorine and hydrogen fluoride, very pure molybdenum and tungsten are employed as construction materials in the rocket technology because of their large strength at high temperatures if fluorine-hydrogen and fluorine-hydrazine flames are used.Lanthanum and calcium borides are only little attacked by fluorine hydrazine flames between 1400 and 1800K; they are superior to all special grade alloys. The same is true in a lower temperature region (290-400 K) with fluorcarbon resins. Organic materials substitute in increasing extent metal alloys and non-renetal inorganic materials.
    Notes: Unter den Metallen sind Aluminium und Duralumin gegen Fluor und trockenen Fluorwasserstoff bis 600 bzw. 700 K beständig. Die Beständigkeit von Nickel und seiner Legierungen, insbesondere Monel, gegen Fluor und Fluorwasserstoff reicht sogar bis etwa 900 bzw. 800 K. Beim Angriff von Fluor auf Nickel-Chromlegierungen zwischen 1000 und 1300 K tritt auch eine innere Fluorierung ähnlich der inneren Oxidschichtbildung auf.Die Beständigkeit von Titan in wasserfreiem flüssigem Fluor ist bei niedrigen Temperaturen mit 〈 0,3 mm · a-1 vergleichbar mit der von Nickel und Monel. In gasförmigem Fluor aber beträgt die Korrosion von Titan bei 377 K nur 0,0082 mm · a-1. Trotz ihrer bedingten Beständigkeit gegen Fluor und Fluorwasserstoff werden reinstes Molybdän und Wolfram wegen ihrer Festigkeit bei hohen Temperaturen in der Raketentechnik beim Antrieb mit Fluor-Wasserstoff bzw. Fluor-Hydrazin eingesetzt.Lanthan- und Calciumboride widerstehen Fluor-Hydrazinflammen zwischen 1400 und 1800 K und sind allen Speziallegierungen weit überlegen. Dieses gilt auch im niedrigeren Temperaturbereich (290-400 K) für die Fluorcarbonharze. Organische Werkstoffe verdrängen immer mehr metallische und nichtmetallische anorganische Werkstoffe.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 66
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einfluß der Kerb- und Proben-Größe auf die Dauerfestigkeit von Stahlproben - Überprüfung einiger BerechnungsverfahrenNeue, genauere Dauerversuche wurden für die Überprüfung von verschiedenen Berechnungsverfahren und für die Feststellung eines mehr sicheren Verhältnisses zwischen der Kerbwirkungszahl und dem Kerbradius angewendet. Es wurden Streubänder für die Abhängigkeit der Kerbempfindlichkeit βk/αk von dem Kerbradius für Stahlproben mit Formzahl αk ≤ 3,6 erhalten. Dabei wurden Versuchsergebnisse für große bauteilähnliche Proben mit großen Kerbradien auch eingezogen. Die Streubänder der Versuchspunkte wurden für vergütete und normalisierte Stähle separat dargestellt, aber die Ergebnisse von Umlaufbiege- und Zug-Druck-Versuchen wurden gemeinsam betrachtet.Die oberen und unteren Streubandgrenzen wurden analytisch mit Hilfe einer Zweiparameter-Formal vorgestellt. Diese berücksichtigt den Einfluß der Probengröße besser als die Formeln von Neuber, Peterson oder Stieler.
    Notes: New, more accurate fatigue test results were used for verification of different calculation methods and for establishing a more reliable relationship between the notch factor and the notch radius. Scatter bands for the dependence of the notch sensitivity KF/KT on the notch radius were obtained for steel specimens with stress concentration factors KT ≤ 3.6, with particular consideration of test results for large component similar specimens with large notch radii. The scatter bands of test points were ploted separately for tempered and normalized steels but the rotating-bending and tension-compression test results were considered together. Their upper and lower boundaries were expressed analytically with a two-parameter-formula. This formula takes better into account the notch-size effect than the formulas of Neuber, Peterson or Stieler.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 67
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 68
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 210-214 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Methods for Quality Control of Solid Rolled Automotive PartsAn economically satisfactory solution has not yet been found for the quality control of solid rolled automotive components. In order to be able to reduce the time (and therefore costs) between rolling and machining, a method is needed, which controls quality direct on the rolling machine.The following up-to-date methods are presently applied in BMW plants. Control of rolling machine, grading test, internal stress test, inspection card, ground surface finish and hardness tests. Other tests are made on the steering knuckles, such as destructive chemical tests, gloss test, Barkhausen effect, dimension check, fine structure analysis and magnaflux testing.The two methods, which up to no permit a qualitative statement, namely internal stress test and Woehler fatigue test, are very involved. According to our present state of research the dimension check and fine structure analysis are good alternatives, to be able to considerably reduce the testing time between rolling and machining. The Barkhausen effect is a very elegant, non-destructive testing method to determine the grade of solid rolled components by way of comparison with sample parts.
    Notes: Die Qualitätskontrolle von festgewalzten Pkw-Bauteilen ist zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt noch nicht wirtschaftlich zufriedenstellend gelöst. Um die Zeit zwischen dem Walzvorgang und der Montagefertigung, und um die Kosten zu reduzieren, ist eine Methode erwünscht, die eine Überwachung der Qualität unmittelbar an der Walzmaschine erlaubt.Es werden zuerst die folgenden aktuellen bei BMW angewandten Methoden vorgestellt: Kontrolle der Walzmaschine, Einstufenversuch, Eigenspannungsmessung, Kontrollkarte, Schliff und Härteverlauf. Die weiteren Prüfverfahren werden an Achsschenkeln erprobt: zerstörendes chemisches Verfahren, Glanzgradmessung, Barkhausen-Effekt, Maßkontrolle, Feinstrukturanalyse und Magnatest.Die zwei Methoden, die bis jetzt eine qualitative Aussage erlauben, Eigenspannungsmessung und Wöhlerversuch, sind sehr aufwendig. Nach unserem gegenwärtigen Untersuchungsstand sind Maßkontrolle und Feinstrukturanalyse gute Alternativen, um die Prüfzeit zwischen dem Walzvorgang und der Montagefertigung deutlich reduzieren zu können. Der Barkhausen-Effekt stellt eine sehr elegante zerstörungsfreie Prüfmöglichkeit dar, die Güte eines festgewalzten Bauteils nach Vergleich mit Musterteilen ermitteln zu können.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. A44 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 70
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 223-229 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Surface Protection for Tanks and Constructions in Waste Water Purification PlantsThe composition of waste water from chemical plants often requires a suitable surface protection for the steel or concrete substrates of constructions in water purification plants. The use of a suitable protection system will be instrumental in economizing and will enhance the availability of the plant.To study the resistance against chemical waste water, extensive tests with different corrosion protection systems were carried out under servicelike conditions. The most suitable system was a solventless epoxy-polyamin coating. Some examples and experiences in service with this protective coating are discussed.
    Notes: Die Abwasserbeschaffenheit in chemischen Anlagen erfordert häufig den Einsatz eines geeigneten Oberflächenschutzes auf dem Stahl- oder Betonuntergrund von Bauwerken in Abwasserreinigungsanlagen. Die Wahl eines geeigneten Schutzsystems trägt längerfristig zu Kosteneinsparungen bei und erhöht die Verfügbarkeit der Anlage.In umfangreichen Versuchsreihen wurden unterschiedliche Materialien unter praxisorientierten Bedingungen bezüglich ihrer Eignung in Chemieabwässern getestet. Als am besten geeignet erwies sich ein lösemittelfreies Epoxidharz. Anwendungsbeispiele mit diesem System werden aufgeführt.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. A52 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 72
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 264-268 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Eine phänomenologische Theorie der Schädigungs- und Adaptionsprozesse in festen KörpernIn der vorliegenden Arbeit wird versucht, ein phänomenologisches Konzept zu entwickeln, um den Tragfähigkeitsverlust belasteter Werkstoffe infolge struktureller und geometrischer Veränderungen mit Hilfe von Schädigungs- und Adaptionsparametern zu formulieren. Dabei wird die Einbuße an Tragfähigkeit, die etwa durch Wachstum struktureller und geometrischer Imperfektionen sowie durch andere Entfestigungsvorgänge, entsteht, als Schädigung schlechthin bezeichnet. Die Reaktion des Werkstoffs, bei Einwirkung äußerer Felder der auftretenden Schädigung das Gleichgewicht zu halten, erfolgt durch Adaptionsvorgänge, z. B. Verfestigung. Beide Prozesse werden durch kinetische Gleichungen beschrieben und in einfachen Beispielen besprochen.
    Notes: In the present paper the attempt is made to develop a phenomenological concept based on the assumption that the mechanical resistance of the material decreases as result of the structural and geometrical changes which take place in the solids during loading. This model is described in terms of damaging and adaptation parameters. The growth of structural and geometrical imperfections, as well as other softening processes leading to the loss of the mechanical strength of the solid regarded here as damaging processes. These damaging processes can occur simultaneously with the processes of material resistance (for example, strain-hardening) to the aggressive action of the external load. Development of the damaging and adaptation processes is described by properly kinetic equations. Several simple typical examples are discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 73
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 298-298 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 74
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations to Determine and Evaluate Damage Processes of Adhesive Bonds by Means of Acoustic EmissionThe damage process in metal adhesive bonds under quasistatic loads was monitored by means of acoustic emission analysis (AEA). Metallographic investigations allow the correlation between acoustic emission data and microscopic failure processes in the bondline of single lap adhesive joints. The influence of specimen geometry on the initiation of damages is discussed for several types of adhesives. Furthermore the relation between the preparation of the adherent surface and the onset of acoustic emission is as well described as the influence of manufacturing defects on the mechanical behaviour and the acoustic emission activity.
    Notes: Der Schädigungsablauf an einschnittig überlappten Klebverbindungen wurde mit Hilfe der Schallemissionsanalyse bei quasistatischer Belastung untersucht. An verschiedenen Klebstoffsystemen wird der Einfluß der Fügeteilgeometrie auf die Festigkeit und die Initiierung von Schäden in der Klebschicht dargestellt. Licht- und rasterelektronen-mikroskopische Gefügeuntersuchungen ermöglichen die Zuordnung der Schallemissionssignale zu den mikroskopischen Schädigungsvorgängen in der Klebschicht. Weiterhin wird der Zusammenhang zwischen der Fügeteilvorbehandlung und dem Beginn der Schädigungsausbildung sowie der Einfluß von Fertigungsfehlern auf die mechanisch-technologischen Eigenschaften von Metallklebungen diskutiert und Belastungsgrenzen aufgezeigt.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
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  • 75
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 299-308 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Effect of Moisture on the Mechanical Properties of Phenolic Moulded MaterialsIn order to use thermosetting moulding material it is necessary to know how the mechanical properties are changed by absorption of water. Therefore, multiphase systems based on phenolic resin, with varying quantities of wood flour and/or powdered minerals as fillers, were examined. The relationship between moisture absorption and the change in Young's modulus, flexural strength and the strain of the outer fibre at fracture was determined. It could be shown that the increase in flexural strength as water absorption began is a result only of the swelling stress.
    Notes: Voraussetzung für den Einsatz duroplastischer Formstoffe in erhöhter Umgebungsfeuchte ist die Kenntnis der durch die Feuchteaufnahme bewirkten Änderung der mechanischen Werkstoffeigenschaften. Ausgehend von in ihrer Zusammensetzung variierten Mehrstoffsystemen auf der Basis Phenolharz/Holzmehl/Gesteinsmehl wird die formstoff- und feuchtespezifische Wechselwirkung zwischen Feuchteaufnahme, Biege-E-Modul, Biegefestigkeit und Randfaserdehnung beim Bruch aufgezeigt, und nachgewiesen, daß der zu Lagerungsbeginn zu beobachtende Anstieg der Biegefestigkeit ausschließlich auf durch Sorption hervorgerufene Druck-Eigenspannungen zurückzuführen ist.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 76
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 77
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 349-359 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Swelling Behaviour of Thermosetting MaterialsThe moisture absorption of moulded materials can endanger a construction because of the change in volume of various parts. Therefore it is necessary to know the maximum possible swelling of the moulded materials employed at different relative humidities. The swelling of modified phenolic resin systems are described. Wood flour (which absorbs moisture) and powdered minerals (which in this case can be considered as inert) were used as fillers.Different methods have been developed to calculate the maximum possible swelling after a relatively short testing time (ca. 1000 h).
    Notes: Die Feuchteaufnahme eines Formstoffes kann durch die damit verbundene Volumenänderung des Formteils die Funktion einer Baugruppe gefährden. Daher muß die maximal mögliche formstoff- und umgebungsfeuchtespezifische Quelldehnung der eingesetzten Formstoffe bekannt sein. Am Beispiel von Ein-, Zwei- und Dreistoffsystemen mit Phenolharz als Matrixwekstoff wird der Einfluß der Harzträger Holzmehl (im Hinblick auf die Feuchteaufnahme „aktiv“) und Gesteinsmehl („inaktiv“) auf die Quellung untersucht. In diesem Zusammenhang werden Methoden aufgezeigt, die eine Abschätzung der maximal möglichen Quelldehnung nach relativ kurzer Versuchsdauer (etwa 1000 h) ermöglichen.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 78
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 142-143 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Solute focussing ; Solvent effect ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 79
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 215-217 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; Coupled columns ; Halogenated organic pollutants ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 80
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 222-224 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Interface ; Partition ; Adsorption ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 81
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 282-283 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Gas analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 82
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 306-311 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Thermodesorption ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A commercial thermodesorption and cold trap unit can be used as a large sample volume injection device in high resolution gas chromatography. Volumes of more than 100 μl can be injected. More than 97% of solvents, such as hexane, can be removed by a Tenax TA precolumn without any loss of compounds with volatilities comparable to naphthalene. Experimental conditions, recovery rates of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and the reproducibility of the method are described in detail. The method was successfully applied for the determination of PAH in air particulate matter extracts.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 83
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 334-335 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused-Silica columns ; Thermal stability ; Dibenzothiophene oxides ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 84
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 477-479 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Glass capillary column ; Adsorbent ; Cold trapping ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 85
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 414-422 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Steroid analysis ; Sample pretreatment ; Sample introduction ; Separation speed ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quantitative analysis of steroids and their metabolites in urine samples calls for increased speed of sample clean-up, of the derivatization procedure, and of separation. A fast procedure for sample pretreatment, which can be performed within 8 hours, is introduced and evaluated. It is shown that use of fast pretreatment in combination with narrow bore columns, which are compatible with existing instrumentation, can considerably increase, laboratory throughput. The effect of different sample introduction techniques (e.g. splitless, on-column, and moving needle) on column efficiency and resolution is demonstrated and discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 86
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 492-494 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Closed loop stripping analysis ; Filter extraction ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 87
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 24-34 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Evaluation of Recent Models for Short Fatigue CracksIn the present study some new procedures for the evaluation of the propagation behavior of small cracks at notches which were originally proposed by T. H. Topper et al. and by K. J. Miller et al. are considered. They are presented in a manner that they can immediately be used for practical applications. The basis of the procedures and their ranges in application are considered and they are compared to conventional fracture mechanics analyses.In a second part of the study still existing limitations in the physical basis of the procedures are outlined and some aspects regarding the extension of the range in application of the procedures to variable amplitude loading histories are given.
    Notes: In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden neuere im Schrifttum mitgeteilte Methoden (Verfahren nach T. H. Topper u. Mitarbeiter und nach K. J. Miller und Mitarbeiter) zur Beschreibung des Ausbreitungsverhaltens kleiner Risse an Kerben betrachtet und in der Weise aufbereitet, daß sie unmittelbar in der Praxis anwendbar sind. Es erfolgt eine ausführliche Darstellung der Grundlagen und des Anwendungsbereichs der Methoden, ferner ein Vergleich mit konventionellen Lösungsansätzen auf der Grundlage der linear-elastischen Bruchmechanik (LEFM).Anschließend werden die derzeit noch bestehenden Beschränkungen in den physikalischen Grundlagen der betrachteten Methoden angegeben. Es werden Weiterentwicklungsschwerpunkte im Hinblick auf die allgemeine Anwendung der Methoden auf Betriebsfestigkeitsprobleme aufgezeigt.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 88
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 124-132 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 34 Ill.
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  • 89
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. A30 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 90
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 91
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 172-176 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Long Term Creep Tests of Polypropylene at 120 °CThe mechanism of damage in the pipe wall during the internal pressure creep test of polypropylene-pipes at a test temperature of 120° is described. The resulting consequences from the investigations relating to the test method are shown and a test station with automatic recording of the time of damage is presented.Further on solutions are explained to eliminate the security risks during the tests of big pipes. A practical performance is described. On the basis of the time-temperature-correlation of the long term behavior of polypropylene the mathematical basis to interpolate minimum requirements for quality control are presented.
    Notes: Die Schädigungsmechanismen in der Rohrwand bei der Zeitstand-Innendruckprüfung von Rohren aus Polypropylen und einer Prüftem-peratur von 120 °C werden beschrieben. Die sich daraus ergebenden Konsequenzen hinsichtlich der Prüftechnik werden aufgezeigt und ein Prüfstand mit selbsttätiger Erfassung des Versagenszeitpunkts für die Serienprüfung vorgestellt. Desweiteren werden Lösungsmöglichkeiten zur Beseitigung des Sicherheitsrisikos bei der Prüfung von Großrohren erläutert und eine praktische Ausführung beschrieben.Auf der Basis der Zeit-Temperatur-Korrelation des Festigkeitsverhaltens von Polypropylen werden die mathematischen Grundlagen zur Interpolation von Mindestanforderungen für die Qualitätskontrolle angegeben.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 92
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. A38 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 93
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Resistance of Various Steel Types and Nickel-Base Alloys Under the Influence of Nitriding Gases in Ammonia Syntheses PlantsThe paper describes test results obtained during 5 years of practical trials with heat-resisting steels, steels for hydrogen service, austenitic steels and nickel-base alloys under the nitriding operation conditions found in an ammonia plant at temperatures of more than about 400°C. During the test, nitriding rates and depths at high temperatures and under stresses were established, as well as changes in the mechanical properties as a result of nitriding.Based on the test results and the knowledge of the subject matter, recommendations and service condition limits for material selection are given.The superior behaviour of austenitic materials, especially with increasing nickel contents, could be confirmed.An attempt is made to find an explanation for the reduced resistance to hydrogen attack under the influence of nitridation.
    Notes: Beschrieben werden Versuchsergebnisse einer 5jährigen praktischen Erprobung an warmfesten, druckwasserstoffbeständigen und austenitischen Stählen sowie Nickelbasiswerkstoffen unter den aufnitrierend wirkenden Betriebsbedingungen einer Ammoniak-Synthese oberhalb etwa 400°C.Ermittelt wurden Nitriergeschwindigkeiten und -tiefen unter Temperatur- und Spannungseinflüssen sowie die Veränderungen der mechanischen Eigenschaften durch Nitrierung.Aufgrund der Versuchsergebnisse und gleichartiger Kenntnisse werden Empfehlungen und Grenzbedingungen zur Werkstoffauswahl gegeben.Das bessere Verhalten austenitischer Werkstoffe, insbesondere mit steigenden Nickelgehalten, konnte bestätigt werden.Es wird versucht, eine Deutung der Verschlechterung der Druckwasserstoffbeständigkeit unter dem Einfluß der Aufnitrierung zu geben.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 214-221 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Die geschilderten Oberflachenschutzverfahren wurden entwickelt, um im Maschinen- und Apparatebau mit billigeren Grundwerkstoffen weiterzuarbeiten, aber bei hohem Verschleiß und Korrosionsbeanspruchungen noch eine technische und wirtschaftliche Nutzungsdauer zu erreichen. Durch die laufende Verknappung und damit Verteuerung der Rohstoffe werden die einzelnen Verfahren in Zukunft noch eine wesentliche Steigerung erfahren.
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  • 95
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 222-222 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 96
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 230-237 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Pickling of Steel Tanks for Use in Biological Water Purification Plants as a Pretreatment to the Application of an Organic CoatingHigh-level tanks made from structural steel, so called BIOHOCH®-Reaktoren for biological purification of chemical waste water, had to be protected against corrosion by an organic coating. After the usual pretreatment, which means cleaning of the steel surface by sand or furnaceslag blasting, pittinglike corrosion was observed in two cases. Therefore, the required grade of surface preparation was not available. Nevertheless, to get good preconditions for a sufficient service life, both tanks with a volume of about 20 000 m3 were pickled in such a manner, that the final furnace blasting operation furnished the presumed white metal state.The problematic nature of organic coatings, which has recommended the pickling of the steel surface, is discussed. The selection, realization and controlling of this treatment are specified.
    Notes: Stählerne Hochbehälter zur biologischen Reinigung von Chemieabwässern sollten mit einer Beschichtung gegen Korrosion geschützt werden. Bei der dazu notwendigen Vorbehandlung mittels Strahlen zeigte der Stahl in zwei Fällen eine lochförmige Vorkorrosion, die es verhinderte, daß sich auf diesem Wege die gewünschte Oberflächengüte erreichen ließ. Um dennoch gute Voraussetzungen für eine hinreichende Lebensdauer der Beschichtung zu schaffen, wurden die beiden Reaktoren mit jeweils etwa 20 000 m3 Inhalt so gebeizt, daß eine anschließende Strahlbehandlung den geforderten metallisch blanken Zustand erbrachte.Es wird auf die Problematik von Beschichtungen eingegangen, die es im vorliegenden Fall nahelegte, eine Beizung vorzunehmen. Die Auswahl, Ausführung und Überwachung dieser Behandlung werden beschrieben.
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  • 97
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 59-64 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Comparison of the Material Damage Progression by Intercristalline Stress Corrosion Cracking in the Laboratory and during Service ConditionsSimulation of the stress corrosion attack on structural steel in nitrate containing elektrolytes under practical service conditions. Description of the material damage process and definition of the different corrosion rates which can be deduced therefrom. The laboratory results permit the statement of a minimum and a maximum destruction rate by stress corrosion cracks.The results of measurements during service confirm the findings in the laboratory while the comparable damage pictures during laboratory testings and during service attribute to the understanding of not clarified phenomena of the damage process during service.
    Notes: Simulation des Spannungsrißkorrosionsangriffs von Baustählen in nitrathaltigen Elektrolyten unter praxisgerechten Prüfbedingungen. Beschreibung des Verlaufs der Werkstoffschädigung und Definition der unterschiedlichen Zerstörungsgeschwindigkeiten, die sich daraus ableiten lassen. Die Laborergebnisse erlauben die Angabe einer minimalen und maximalen Zerstörungsgeschwindigkeit durch Spannungsrißkorrosion.Die Ergebnisse von Betriebsmessungen bestätigen die im Labor ermittelten Befunde, wobei die vergleichbaren Schadensbilder bei der Laborprüfung und im Betriebseinsatz zum Verständnis von nicht geklärten Phänomenen des Schadensablaufs im Betrieb beitragen.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 88-94 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Hardfacing-Methods and their Application in the Materials-Technology and TribologyDuring the last few years more and more efforts have been made to reduce or even avoid material losses, caused either by mechanical or corrosive attack, by the means of protecting metal surface protection. In fact, the expenses needed in the Plastic-Technology for the disposition of wear-spares in West Germany amount to half a billion DM a year [1]. If all the damages by wear and corrosion are included, the losses world-wide rise to more than 80 billion DM/year. Thus not only technical but most of all economical reasons promote the rapid development of different hardfacing methods. The various methods are presented with ascending temperature of the working materials (s. Fig. 1).
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 96-102 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Influence of Oxygen Traces on the Properties of Tungsten Heavy MetalsInvestigation carried out with differently sintered W heavy metals showed that careful pre-reduction before liquid phase sintering is essential for obtaining satisfactory mechanical properties; otherwise oxide layers at the phase boundaries deteriorate the interface strength and thus cause premature fracture. Understandably, the water vapour content of the furnace atmosphere is of considerable importance. Appropriate sintering anticipated, even severely oxidized green compacts result in highly ductile heavy metals. Addition of scavengers, e.g. Cr or V, instead of the pre-reduction improves the interface strength, the mechanical properties however remain unsatisfactory.
    Notes: Untersuchungen an nach verschiedenen Zyklen gesinterten Schwermetallen zeigten, daß sorgfältige Reduktion vor dem Flüssigphasensintern notwendig ist, um die beträchtlichen Ausgangsmengen an Sauerstoff zu entfernen; andernfalls werden aufgrund der durch Oxidbelegung verschlechterten Haftfestigkeit zwischen W-Körnern und Binderphase nur sehr schlechte mechanische Eigenschaften erhalten. Der Wassergehalt der Ofenatmosphäre spielt naturgemäß eine bedeutende Rolle; bei richtiger Führung der Sinterung werden auch von stark oxidierten Grünlingen ausgezeichnete Schwermetalle erhalten. Zusatz von Scavengern, wie Cr oder V, anstatt der Vorreduktion verbessert zwar die Haftung der Phasen, die Eigenschaften bleiben aber unbefriedigend.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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