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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-specific immunoglobulin E as a serologic marker for HCMV infection in immunocompromised patients (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 70 (1992), S. 497-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Primary human cytomegalovirus infection ; IgE antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; Renal transplant recipients ; Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An antibody capture assay using an enzyme-linked human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) antigen for the detection of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) was established. IgG, M, and E responses to HCMV were studied in 497 sera obtained from 44 renal transplant recipients and 51 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. The results were compared with those obtained from 58 HCMV-seropositive healthy individuals. HCMV-specific IgE was detected in 11 (91.7%) renal transplant recipients with primary HCMV infection. In contrast, antibodies of the IgG and IgM classes were detected in only 6 (50.0%) of these patients. Specific IgE was detected in 10 (90.9%) out of 11 renal allograft recipients suffering from secondary HCMV infection. Significant IgG titer rises and IgM were detected in 2 (18.2%) and 6 (54.6%) of these patients, respectively. IgG titer rises and IgM and IgE antibodies were seen in 5 (12.2%), 1 (2.4%) and 18 (43.9%) AIDS patients respectively. All healthy immunocompetent HCMV-seropositive individuals were tested IgE negative. The results obtained in our study indicate that IgE against HCMV is a more reliable serologic marker for primary and secondary HCMV infection than IgM in immunocompromised individuals, especially in organ transplant recipients, since it is not affected by the prophylactic application of HCMV hyperimmune globulin preparations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210231
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of shell viral culture and serology for the diagnosis of human cytomegalovirus infection in neonates and immunocompromised subjects (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 70 (1992), S. 503-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Human cytomegalovirus ; Neonates ; Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and AIDS related complex patients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present retrospective study compares the laboratory diagnosis of cytomegalic inclusion disease (CID) by the use of “shell vial culture” [i.e., immunoperoxidase staining of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) early antigen in human fibroblasts 24 h postinoculation] to the results of serology (i.e. immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, and IgA HCMV antibody testing) in 21 infants with congenital or postnatally acquired HCMV infection, 5 patients with lymphoproliferative disorders, 35 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive patients who met the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) criteria for stages IVA and IVB of HIV infection, and 115 patients suffering from the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS (stages IVC-IVE according to CDC criteria). HCMV infection was diagnosed by means of the shell vial culture inoculated with patient samples (e.g., urine, bronchoalveolar lavage, induced sputum, etc.) and serology in 163 (92.6%) and 65 (36.9%) patients, respectively. Viral shedding was detected by shell vial culture in 100% of the neonates, 80% of the patients suffering from lymphoproliferative disorders, 100% of the AIDS related complex (ARC) and 89.6% of the AIDS patients. In contrast, serologic testing for HCMV-specific antibodies was positive in only 28.6%, 42.9%, and 34.8% of the neonates, ARC, and AIDS patients, respectively. In lymphoma patients, serologic testing gave identical results (80%) to the shell vial culture technique. With the use of the shell vial procedure, active HCMV infection in immunocompromised subjects and neonates can be recognized more reliably than by serologic testing. Nevertheless, in a low percentage of patients (7.4%), virus isolation by the shell vial culture may fail to detect HCMV infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210232
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Humoral immune response to human cytomegalovirus infection: diagnostic potential of immunoglobulin class and IgG subclass antibody response to human cytomegalovirus early and late antigens (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 71 (1993), S. 270-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Human cytomegalovirus ; Early antigens ; Late antigens ; Recombinant antigens ; Immunglobulins G1-G3, A and M ; Western blot
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary For the development of effective prophylaxis (hyperimmune globulins) and improvement of serological testing for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in immunocompromised patients it is essential to characterize the viral encoded proteins and the humoral immune response in terms of neutralizing antibodies and immunglobulin class and IgG subclass reactivity to “early” and “late” HCMV proteins. The major neutralizing epitopes have been identified and screening of donor sera for neutralizing antibody by either conventional neutralization assays or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant antigens may help to improve the efficacy of hyperimmune globulin prophylaxis. The humoral response to individual HCMV proteins has been thoroughly investigated in immunocompromised patients. Antibodies against HCMV induced “early” antigens are not exclusively associated with active infection but may indicate an elevated risk for cytomegalic inclusion disease in immunocompromised patients. With a sensitive western blot technique. IgM and IgA antibodies against HCMV “late” proteins can be detected in sera from healthy seropositive individuals. Serum samples from subjects suffering from cytomegalic inclusion disease show significantly larger broader immune responses compared with healthy HCMV antibody carriers. Promising results using recombinant antigens corresponding to immunodominant epitopes for the detection of HCMV specific antibodies have been published.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00184725
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anti-HBc IgM bei akuter und chronischer Hepatitis-B-Virus-Infektion (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 62 (1984), S. 837-842 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis markers ; Anti-hepatitis B core immunoglobulin M
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) synthesized in E. coli was used for determination of immunoglobulin M class-specific antibodies against HBcAg. It was found that 98% of cases with acute hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive hepatitis type B were anti-HBc immunoglobulin M (IgM) positive. Atypical hepatitis B was detected in 33% of anti-HBc-positive HBsAg-negative cases with acute hepatitis. Anti-HBc IgM was positive for 6 months in acute resolving hepatitis type B, whereas cases resulting in chronic hepatitis B remained anti-HBc IgM-positive for up to 900 days. Chronic HBsAg carriers with severe liver disease had anti-HBc IgM more often than individuals with minor liver damage; 83% of HBsAg-positive liver cirrhoses, 63% of chronic aggressive hepatitis, 50% of HBsAg-positive liver carcinoma, but only 17% of chronic persistent hepatitis or 7% of healthy blood donors were anti-HBc IgM-positive. Determination of anti-HBc IgM is useful in detecting atypical hepatitis B virus infections without HBsAg in serum and, with some restrictions, in discriminating acute and chronic hepatitis type B.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01711864
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human cytomegalovirus infection: Recent developments in diagnosis and epidemiology (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 241-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: HCMV isolation ; Antigen and nucleic acid detection ; Ig class-specific antibody determination ; Risk groups: pregnancy, blood transfusion, organ transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cytomegalic inclusion disease (CID) is caused by a horizontally or vertically transmitted human herpes virus infection and may persist for life without obvious clinical symptoms. A serious course of horizontal primary and recurrent infections, however, is often observed in immunocompromised persons such as recipients of organ transplants and patients receiving fresh blood transfusions. Vertical infection may cause fetopathies. The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is thought to inherit an oncogenic potential as lately discussed for AIDS and M. Kaposi. Laboratory diagnosis of HCMV infection is performed by light microscopy (inclusion bodies), electron microscopy, virus isolation in cell culture, demonstration of viral DNA and antigen in clinical specimens, by histochemical methods (e.g. immunoperoxidase technique) and by DNA and peptide analysis for identification of different isolates and viral finger prints. Evaluation of cell-mediated immunity in HCMV infection is performed quantitatively (assessment of Thelper/Tsuppressor ratios) or qualitatively (specific lymphocyte stimulation by the antigen). In most cases laboratory diagnosis is achieved by serological methods, i.e. demonstration and quantitation of HCMV-specific antibodies. In this context, a number of liquid- and solid-phase immunoassays have been developed, of which immunofluorescence and ELISA are most commonly used, besides complement fixation and passive haemaglutination. These procedures on the one hand allow the use of different antigen preparations as early and late viral proteins, and on the other hand permit a specific determination of different Ig classes and subclasses. A variety of assays has been established especially for determination of virus-specific IgM antibodies, which are predominantly found in active infection. These, however, at least in part may show non-specific results caused by interference of rheumatoid factor or IgG competition. Such problems have now been dealt with and are avoided by IgG precipitation or IgM immunosorption (“μ-capture” technique). These recent methods allow an exact epidemiological identification of risk groups for CMV infection. Results from our laboratory revealed 13% HCMV-IgM positive patients among pregnant women, 16% IgM positive patients among renal transplant recipients, 4% igM positive cases in patients after cardiosurgery and 1.7% IgM positives among prostitutes. The prevalence of HCMV infection as indicated by specific IgG antibodies was 56%, 90%, 83%, and 90%, respectively. No IgM antibodies were found in haemophiliacs and healthy blood donours, which showed a prevalence of HCMV infection in 69% and 47% of tested serum samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01731469
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Übertragbare spongiforme Encephalopathien: die Creutzfeldt-Jakob-Krankheit (1998)
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 69 (1998), S. 511-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) ; Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) ; New variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (nvCJD) ; Human TSE ; epidemiology ; pathogenesis ; etiology. ; Schlüsselwörter: TSE ; BSE ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob-Krankheit ; neue Variante ; menschliche TSE (Epidemiologie ; Pathogenese ; Ätiologie).
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Verschiedene Krankheiten aus dem Kreis der sog. übertragbaren („transmissible“) spongiformen Encephalopathien (TSE) sind beim Menschen und im Tierreich bekannt. Doch erst in jüngster Zeit sind die TSE durch die BSE-Epidemie (BSE = bovine spongiforme Encephalopathie) und die Beschreibung der wahrscheinlich damit zusammenhängenden neuen Variante der Creutzfeldt-Jakob-Krankheit (nvCJK) ins Bewußtsein der (Fach-)Öffentlichkeit gerückt. Über die Natur der zugrundeliegenden Erreger wird nach wie vor gestritten; keines der vorgeschlagenen Konzepte (Prionen, Viren) vermag alle Aspekte befriedigend zu erklären. Fest steht jedoch eine genetische Komponente bei Infektionsempfänglichkeit und Krankheitsentwicklung sowie die Übertragbarkeit auch über Artschranken hinweg. Diese Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über erste Ergebnisse der in letzter Zeit intensiver betriebenen Grundlagenforschung sowie über jüngste Entwicklungen, sowohl was den Stand der (Früh-)Diagnostik in vivo anbelangt als auch den Ausschluß von möglichen (auch iatrogenen) Übertragungswegen.
    Notes: Summary. Different diseases of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) group are known to affect humans and various animals. Owing to the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) epidemic and the description of the new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (nvCJD), which is probably linked to BSE, TSE received much attention. The nature of the causative agent is still disputed; none of the proposed concepts (prions, viruses) can explain all features. It is clear, however, that there is a genetic component in susceptibility to infection and in development of disease and that transmission may cross the species barrier. This paper gives an overview of the first results and latest developments of basic TSE research that has focused on in vivo early diagnosis and the prevention of possible (also iatrogenic) transmission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001040050448
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring of antiretroviral chemotherapy with the NASBA™; an isothermal method for enzymatic amplification of HIV-1 RNA (1996)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 52 (1996), S. 300-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01919516
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymaktivitäten im Fettgewebe bei Hyperlipidämie (1970)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 48 (1970), S. 503-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The activities of 8 key-enzymes (glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate-dehydrogenase, hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, glycerol-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase) have been estimated in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of 27 patients with hyperlipemia of different origin. We found that the activities of glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase and hexokinase were diminished significantly, what means a lowered utilisation of glucose. From these results in connection with a diminished activity of glycerol-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase it can be concluded that lipogenesis in human adipose tissue is diminished at the same time.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Im subcutanen Fettgewebe von 27 Patienten mit Hyperlipidämien verschiedener Genese wurden die Aktivitäten von 8 Schlüsselenzymen bestimmt (Glucose-6-Phosphat-Dehydrogenase, 6-Phosphogluconat-Dehydrogenase, Hexokinase, Phosphofructokinase, Pyruvatkinase, Glycerin-3-Phosphat-Dehydrogenase, Malatdehydrogenase, Glucophosphomutase). Dabei fand sich eine hochsignifikante Herabsetzung der Glucose-6-Phosphat-Dehydrogenase- und der Hexokinase-Aktivität, woraus auf eine verminderte Glucoseverwertung geschlossen werden kann. In Verbindung damit spricht die deutlich erniedrigte Aktivität der Glycerin-3-Phosphat-Dehydrogenase für eine gleichzeitig herabgesetzte Lipogenese im menschlichen Fettgewebe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01485108
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymaktivitäten im Fettgewebe (1971)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 49 (1971), S. 358-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im subcutanen Fettgewebe von Mensch und Schwein sowie im epididymalen Fettgewebe der Ratte wurden Enzymmuster bestimmt: Glucose-6-Phosphatdehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49), 6-Phosphogluconatdehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.44), Hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1), Phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11), Pyruvatkinase (EC 2.7.1.40), Glucophosphomutase (EC 2.7.5.1), Glycerin-3-Phosphatdehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.8), Malatdehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37), Glutamatpyruvattransaminase (EC 2.6.1.2), Glutamatoxalacetattransaminase (EC 2.6.1.1), Glutamatdehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.3), Citrate Cleavage Enzyme (EC 4.1.3.8), Malic Enzyme (EC 1.1.1.38), Glycerokinase (EC 2.7.1.30), Glucose-6-Phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.9) und Fructose-1,6-Diphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11). Trotz der unterschiedlichen Lokalisation der Gewebe und des verschiedenen Gehaltes an löslichem Extraktprotein (Ratte:Mensch:Schwein=21,7±1,6:21,0±1,9:5,4±0,5mg/g Frischgewicht) finden sich annähernd übereinstimmende Enzymaktivitätsmuster. Bei allen drei Species ist die Phosphofructokinase das limitierende Glykolyse-Enzym und erfolgt der Glucoseabbau offensichtlich überwiegend über den Pentose-Phosphat-Shunt; eine weitere Gemeinsamkeit ist das Fehlen von Glycerokinase-Aktivität. Bezogen auf Extraktprotein liegen jedoch fast alle Enzymaktivitäten im menschlichen Fettgewebe um annähernd eine Zehnerpotenz niedriger als bei Ratte und Schwein. Im Gegensatz zu diesen beiden Species ist im Humanfettgewebe kein Citrate-Cleavage-Enzyme nachweisbar.
    Notes: Summary Enzyme patterns (Glucose-6-Phosphatdehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49), 6-Phosphogluconatdehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.44), Hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1), Phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11), Pyruvatkinase (EC 2.7.1.40), Glucophosphomutase (EC 2.7.5.1), Glycerin-3-Phosphatdehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.8), Malatdehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37), Glutamatpyruvattransaminase (EC 2.6.1.2), Glutamatoxalacetattransaminase (EC 2.6.1.1), Glutamatdehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.3), Citrate Cleavage Enzyme (EC 4.1.3.8), Malic Enzyme (EC 1.1.1.38), Glycerokinase (EC 2.7.1.30), Glucose-6-Phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.9) and Fructose-1,6-Diphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11)) have been measured in subcutaneous adipose tissue of man and pig and in the epididymal fat pads of rats. The conduct of soluble extract-protein was equal in rat (21.7±1.6 mg/g) and man (21.0±1.9 mg/g) but different in pig (5.4±0.5 mg/g). In all three species the pattern was nearly the same; phosphofructokinase was the rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis; most of the glucose degradation in white adipose tissue seems to be done via the pentose-phosphate-shunt; there was no measurable activity of glycerokinase. In human adipose tissue—where nearly all enzyme activities were about ten times lower—there was no citrate cleavage enzyme either.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01496458
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aktivitätsbestimmung von Schlüsselenzymen im menschlichen Fettgewebe (1970)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 48 (1970), S. 224-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 13 key enzymes have been investigated in subcutaneous adipose tissue from patients without metabolic or malignant diseases. The enzymes were selected in regard to possible changes in different metabolic diseases. The results are compared to the literature and the differences are discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Im subcutanen Fettgewebe von 21 laparotomierten Stoffwechselgesunden und Nichtcarcinomkranken wurden 13 Schlüsselenzyme untersucht. Die Auswahl der Enzyme wurde im Hinblick auf mögliche Aktivitätsänderungen bei verschiedenen Krankheitsbildern getroffen. Die Ergebnisse werden mit den Angaben in der Literatur verglichen und die vorhandenen Unterschiede diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01485063
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