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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (6,018)
  • 1970-1974  (4,149)
  • 1965-1969  (1,869)
  • 1920-1924
  • Industrial Chemistry  (3,384)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (2,446)
  • Electron Microscopy
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (6,018)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elektronenmikroskopische Befunde am Ganglion spirale und Cortischen Organ des Meerschweinchens nach Glutaraldehyd- und Osmiumfixation und Anwendung verschiedener Fixationstechniken (1974)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 208 (1974), S. 257-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Spiral ganglion and Organ of Corti ; Electron Microscopy ; Influence of Different Fixatives and Fixation Methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Ganglion spirale und Cortische Organ des Meerschweinchens wurden nach Osmium- und kombinierter Glutaraldehyd-Osmiumfixation sowie Anwendung verschiedener Fixationsmethoden elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Die Strukturen des Cortischen Organs wurden hierbei nicht wesentlich beeinflußt. Am Ganglion spirale ergaben sich Unterschiede im Aufbau der Myelinhüllen der Ganglienzellen. Es wird diskutiert, daß es sich beim semikompakten Myelin um ein Artefakt der Osmiumfixation handelt und daß Glutaraldehyd den Aufbau der Myelinhüllen im Bereich der Spiralganglienzellen naturgetreuer wiedergibt als Osmium.
    Notes: Summary We have been examining with the electron microscope the spiral ganglion and the organ of corti in guinea pigs, using osmium and a combined glutaraldehyde-osmiumfixation together with various fixation techniques. The structures of the organ of corti were not considerably effected. Differences in the structure of the myelin sheets of ganglion cells were found in the spiral ganglion. Presumably the semicompact myelin represents an artefakt after osmium-fixation, glutaraldehyde being able to demonstrate clearer the structure of the myelin sheets on spiral ganglion cells compared to osmium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02438984
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The short-term effects of high doses of ethylene-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate upon early dentin formation (1974)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 16 (1974), S. 109-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Dentinogenesis ; Diphosphonates ; Calcification ; Collagen ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effects of high doses of ethylene-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) were investigated at the light microscopic and subcellular level. The administration of EHDP at a concentration of 7.5–10 mg P/kg body weight/day over a short period of time resulted in complete inhibition of crystal formation in predentin and pre-enamel. An increased predentin width was observed and within newly-formed predentin areas the formation ofcollagen fibrils was grossly disturbed. In addition, fine precipitates appeared in the ground substance. The presence of unusual thread-like elements within specific bodies in the cytoplasm of the odontoblastic processes may be indicative of an interference by EHDP in e.g. the synthesis of precollagen. The possibility of an inhibition by EHDP of the extracellular aggregation of collagen molecules is also discussed. EHDP further inhibited crystal formation within dentinal globules. Functioning ameloblasts were grossly affected in EHDP-treated rats, and it is suggested that this is related to an inhibition of crystal formation in pre-enamel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02008217
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular breakdown within the arterial wall (1974)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 364 (1974), S. 111-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Electron Microscopy ; Coronary Arteries ; Atherosclerosis ; Aging ; Smooth Muscle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The coronary arteries were studied by electron microscopy in normal rats weighing 65 to 535 gm; fixation was accomplished by perfusion for 20 min at 110–130 mm Hg. In rats of all ages (but especially in the oldest) the arterial wall contained deposits of abnormal intercellular material, consisting of granules, vesicles, myelin figures and other debris. These deposits were present in the intima and media, but rare in the adventitia; there was suggestive evidence that medial cells phagocytized some of the material. The adventitia was characterized by 1–4 layers of cells with extremely thin protoplasmic expansions wrapped around the vessel (“veil cells”) and containing lysosome-like bodies as well as phagosomes. These findings, taken as a whole, suggest the following sequence of events. During normal life, the media produces cellular debris, by cell death as well as by fragmentation of cellular processes; part of these debris are phagocytized by smooth muscle cells, part diffuse outward to the adventitia where they are taken up by specialized cells (the “veil cells”). However, due to relative inadequacy of phagocytosis in the media, the debris continue to accumulate and form intercellular deposits that increase with age. It is possible that this natural phenomenon may by itself set a maximal limit to the life-span of the arterial wall.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01230861
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Pathomorphologie der sogenannten Epinephrin-Myokarditis nach Gabe von Hypertensin (1974)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 363 (1974), S. 249-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Hypertensin (Angiotensin) ; Catecholamins ; So-Called Epinephrine Myocarditis ; Rat Heart ; Optical Microscopy ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pathomorpliological comparative studies on structural damage to rat cardiac muscle following administration of hypertensin and arterenol, with and without pretreatment with reserpine to empty the catecholamine reserves were performed. The question is whether and to what degree angiotensin induced cardiac damage, which is viewed microscopically as the so-called epinephrine myocarditis, can be regarded as an indirect catecholamine effect. The following could be deduced: 1. Hypertensin causes a damage pattern similar to that of arterenol as seen under the light microscope and corresponds to the so-called epinephrine myocarditis. 2. The electron microscope demonstrates definite differences in the pattern of damage to the myocardium: hypertensin affects primarily the mitochondria, while arterenol affects the myofibrils. 3. Hypertensin and arterenol damage mainly the subendocardial tissue of the left heart: hypertensin affects more the region of the base of the left ventricle, arterenol more the region of the left ventricle apex. 4. Pretreatment with reserpine blocks the damaging effects of hypertensin in the rat heart for 12 hours. After 24 hours the full picture of the damage pattern has reappeared. Arterenol is lethal to animals pretreated with reserpine. 5. The pathogenesis of the damaging effects of hypertensin on rat cardiac muscle is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432805
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An analysis of the ultrastructural findings in infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (Seitelberger's disease) (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 27 (1974), S. 201-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy ; Spheroids ; Perikaryon ; Electron Microscopy ; Membranous Profiles ; Dense Bodies ; Protein Syntheses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopic findings of a cortical biopsy from a four-year-old child suffering from muscular weakness and psychomotor retardation are presented. Morphological evidence obtained in this study suggests a unique pathogenetic mechanism underlying INAD. The spheroids appear to be caused by an accumulation of a macromolecular substance synthesized in the neuron and transported to the nerve endings. The abnormal substance initially takes the form of an amorphous material, it eventually aggregates into highly characteristic angulated membranous profiles. The selective involvement of the nerve endings, synapses and motor end plates in this disease suggests a derangement of the metabolic pathway in the synthesis or packaging of the neurotransmitters or their receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687630
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Massive congenital intracranial teratoma (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 30 (1974), S. 271-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Intracranial Teratoma ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A massive congenital benign teratoma grossly replacing the cerebral hemispheres has been examined by light and electron microscopy. The tumor contained tissues derived from all three germ layers. The cerebellum showed morphological features suggesting a state of maturation equivalent to that of 20 to 25 weeks of gestation. The tumor is discussed in the light of present theories on the pathogenesis of teratomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688927
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oncocytes in the anterior lobe of the human pituitary gland (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 27 (1974), S. 43-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Oncocytes ; Adenohypophysis ; Pituitary Adenoma ; Secretory Granules ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A light and electron microscopic study was undertaken on 3 surgically removed non-tumorous adenohypophyses and 16 pituitary adenomas. Numerous oncocytes have been found in 2 non-tumorous adenohypophyses and in 6 pituitary adenomas including 1 chromophobe adenoma which was composed almost exclusively of oncocytes. Thus, it seems that the occurrence of oncocytes in the anterior pituitary cannot be considered a rare finding. The distinctive feature of oncocytes is the abundance of mitochondria in their cytoplasm. This alteration can be so extensive that the entire cytoplasm is filled with mitochondria leaving only a small area for the remaining cytoplasmic organelles. Oncocytes arise from adenohypophysial cells. This transformation is gradual and is not restricted to one particular cell type. In the early phases of development of oncocytes the secretory granules are well preserved. Thus, hormone secretion is presumably maintained. It seems conceivable, however, that in the more advanced phases of evolution of oncocytes, when the secretory granules decrease in number, hormone production is diminished or stopped. Further investigations are, however, required to elucidate in detail the functional activity of oncocytes. It remains to be established whether mitochondrial accumulation is principally due to increased formation or delayed breakdown. As some mitochondria show signs indicating division it appears that multiplication of mitochondria is the underlying mechanism resulting in their significant increase. However, the possibility cannot be excluded that the life span of mitochondria is prolonged and mitochondrial longevity plays an important role in causing transformation of adenohypophysiocytes into oncocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687239
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with paramyxovirus-like structures, Hirano bodies and neurofibrillary tangles (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 27 (1974), S. 277-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy ; Hirano Bodies ; Papova Virus ; Paramyxovirus-like ; Nuclear Bodies ; Electron Microscopy ; Neurofibrillary Tangles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have identified three structures that have not previously been reported in electron microscopic examinations of brain from patients with PML: 1. coiled nuclear bodies that may possibly represent tubular paramyxovirus nucleocapsids, 2. Hirano bodies and 3. Neurofibrillary tangles. The paramyxovirus-like material is interesting in view of reports of a transition between nuclear bodies and tubular paramyxovirus nucleocapsids and because of a possible interaction between syncytiogenic paramyxoviruses and Papova viruses in the pathogenesis of SSPE and PML. A study of the Hirano bodies in this case, taken in conjunction with the findings of others leads us to believe that these structures are formed from an overgrowth of neurofilaments. The presence of tangled masses of neurofilaments in the processes of neurons also seen in the present case is consistent with this hypothesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690693
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute hexachlorophene encephalopathy: Clinico-neuropathological correlation (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 28 (1974), S. 93-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Hexachlorophene Intoxication ; Toxic Encephalopathy ; Optic Nerve Necrosis ; Cerebral Edema ; Status Spongiosus ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This is the first report of neuropathologic findings following oral ingestion of hexachlorophene in the human. The patient was a 7 year old boy who accidentally ingested 45 ml (approx.) of pHisoHex (hexachlorophene).Toxic reactions included nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, decrease in visual acuity, blurred vision blindness, somnolence and disorientation. He developed cardiac arrhythmia, fever, isoelectric EEG and finally respiratory and cardiac arrest 61 h after admission. Autopsy findings showed interstitial myocarditis, pneumonitis and acute bronchiolitis. The brain was edematous. Light microscopy revealed mild diffuse vacuolization of white matter, occasional neuronal degeneration, most prominent on deepest layers of the visual cortex. Disintegration of myelin sheaths and necrosis of axon cylinders were present throughoutoptic pathways. Electron microscopy revealed large, empty extracellular and intramyelinic spaces formed by splitting and separation of the myelin lamellae. These changes are known to occur in experimental animals intoxicated with hexachlorophene, triethyltin, isonicotinic acid hydrazide and cuprizone. However, with respect to hexachlorophene, the localization of lesions to be optic pathways appears to be dependent upon an oral route of administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00710320
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy or Seitelberger's disease (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 28 (1974), S. 261-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neuroaxonal Dystrophy ; Infantile Autonomi Nervous System ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The autonomic nervous system is studied by electron microscopy for the first time in two siblings born of North African consanguineous parents and affected by infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy. The changes already reported in dystrophic axons of the central and peripheral nervous system, are seen in the myenteric plexus of rectum mucosa. The authors stress the diffuse involvement of the nervous tissue in this degenerative disorder of still unknown nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00719031
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elektronenoptische und enzymhistochemische Vergleichsuntersuchungen an Kraniopharyngiomen und ihren Gewebekulturen (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 28 (1974), S. 331-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Craniopharyngioma ; Tissue Culture ; Electron Microscopy ; Enzyme Histochemistry ; Keratine ; Enamel ; Rosenthal Fibers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron optical and enzyme histochemical investigations carried out on four craniopharyngiomas and their tissue cultures demonstrated that the tumour elements are keratinizing epithelial cells, plenty of tonofilaments, glycogen granules, mitochondria and desmosomes. Their ultrastructural and histochemical characteristics are the same in every part of the tumour (solid; cystic; “adamantinoma-like”). In the keratinizing cells, the reactions for non-specific esterases were high positive. The ultrastructural characteristics of the tumour cells grownin vitro are the same as thosein situ; the cells remain attached to one another by desmosomes and retain their capacity to produce keratine. This therefore seems to be a primary characteristic of the tumour cells and not a secondary dysmetabolic disturbance. Calcium was found onlyin situ. That the tumour cells may produce enamelin situ seems to be possible, but it could not be confirmed with certainty. The glial proliferation which is always presentin situ, is reactive and not neoplastic; thein vitro new built cell colonies consist only of epithelial elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685287
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structural localisation of acid phosphatase in neural tumours induced by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in rats (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 29 (1974), S. 45-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Experimental Neural Tumours ; Ethylnitrosourea ; Electron Microscopy ; Lysosomes ; Acid Phosphatase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A single intravenous injection of 30 mg of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea per kg of body weight was administered to pregnant BD-IX rats on the 15th day of gestation. The neural tumours which developed in 97.5% of the offspring were gliomas and schwannomas. The demonstration of acid phosphatase in the neoplastic and reacting cells of these tumours was carried out at fine structural level. The enzyme activity was localised in lysosomes and in the innermost cisternae of the Golgi complexes. High acid phosphatase activity was related not only to degeneration, necrosis and phagocytosis but also to cellular differentiation and anaplasia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00684390
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic study of neurofibrillary tangles in Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 29 (1974), S. 175-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Steele-Richardson-Olszewski Syndrome ; Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ; Neurofibrillary Tangles ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The neurofibrillary tangles found in the neurons of a case of Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome were studied by electron microscopy. Both the flame-shaped and globose type of tangles were present. The neurofibrillary tangles were composed of bundles of straight tubules measuring approximately 150 Å in diameter. This ultrastructural appearance of the tangles in Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome is different from the appearance of tangles found in other neurological disorders and is probably indicative of intraneuronal accumulation of a new type of fibrous protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00684775
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the sural nerve in chronic polyneuropathy associated with Adie's syndrome (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 29 (1974), S. 181-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Polyneuropathy Associated with Adie's Syndrome ; Sural Nerve ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The sural nerve of a woman of 35 with chronic polyneuropathy and Adie's syndrome was examined by electron microscopy. Myelinated nerve fibres were absent and there was marked reduction in the number of unmyelinated fibres. Onion bulb formation was not observed. Collagen fibres occupied the intercellular spaces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00684776
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fine structural localisation of thiamine pyrophosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase in neural tumours induced by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in rats (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 29 (1974), S. 199-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Experimental Neural Tumours ; Ethylnitrosourea ; Electron Microscopy ; Thiamine Pyrophosphatase ; Adenosine Triphosphatase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structural localisation of thiamine pyrophosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase was carried out in gliomas and schwannomas induced transplacentally by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea. The activity of thiamine pyrophosphatase was observed in the Golgi complexes and appeared to be directly related to cellular differentiation and reactive changes. The Mg2+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase was localised at the cell membrane, in the pinocytotic vesicles of various cells and in the basement membrane of some capillaries. This enzyme, showing high activity in differentiated cells, indicated the activity of membrane-bound cellular transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685255
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Virus-like particles in brain tumours induced by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in rats (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 29 (1974), S. 211-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Experimental Gliomas ; Ethylnitrosourea ; Electron Microscopy ; Virus-like Particles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two unusual, intracytoplasmic structures, resembling viruses, are described in experimental gliomas which were induced transplacentally on the 15th day of gestation in BD-IX rats by a single intravenous injection of 30 mg of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea per kg of body weight. These structures are tubules within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and large coated vesicles in the Golgi region. The tubules are of indeterminate length and have inner and outer walls of 9–11 nm and 20–22 nm respectively. The large coated vesicles are 80–90 nm in diameter and their outer surface is covered by regular, equidistant spikes of 12–15 nm in length. The vesicles are closely related to the Golgi complexes, from which they appear to originate. The intracisternal tubules and large coated vesicles share certain morphological features both with viruses and with normal cell organelles. The origin and significance of these structures are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685256
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular monstrosity in embryonic neuronal neoplasm produced by human adenovirus in rats (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 30 (1974), S. 315-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Human Adenovirus Type 12 ; Sprague-Dawley Rats ; Intracerebral Inoculation ; Medulloepitheliomatous Neoplasm ; Giant Tumor Cells ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Solid medullary brain and spinal cord neoplasms developed in all 10 offspring of an outbred Sprague-Dawley rat, between 37 and 99 days after a single postnatal (within 24 hrs) inoculation of 0.05 ml of human adenovirus type 12, 103.5–104.5 TCID50 HeLa cells/0.1 ml in the left frontal lobe. Seven rats developed multicentric neoplasms in both hemispheres and in peri-aqueductal areas of the brain stem, one of which was associated with an incipient spinal cord tumor in the sacral segment. One rat developed a solid tumor involving the right parieto-occipital region. The remaining two cases were solid spinal cord tumors arising from the dorsal half of the thoracolumbar segments. The remarkably uniform microscopic appearance was designated as a counterpart of human embryonic neuronal neoplasms. Characteristic neuronal and multinucleated giant cells emerged throughout the tumor tissue with argentaffine, neurofibril-like cytoplasmic expansions and a unique cilium (a 9+0 pattern of tubules) associated with a pair of centrioles. This cilium morphology was also a hallmark of the majority of tumor cells that formed characteristic pseudorosettes. The occasional emergence of two sets of cilia and centrioles in monstrous cells suggested probable modes of cytogenesis in relation to cessation of abnormal cell division.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697014
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Late changes in sciatic nerve of rats after a small dose of methyl methylmercury sulfide (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 30 (1974), S. 33-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Organic Mercury Compound ; Late Pathological Changes in Peripheral Nerves ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Wistar strain of male rats of 100–110 g were used, 5 for an experimental and 5 for control group. 1 mg of organic mercury (methyl methylmercuric sulfide: CH3HgSCH3) was given by mouth each day for 10 days (total dose 9–10 mg) to the experimental group. 600 days afterwards the experimental and control rats were killed. Only the peripheral nerves showed changes, small myelinated nerve fibres with thick myelin sheaths in groups. Around these fibres occurred extremely small myelinated nerve fibres and isolated large unmyelinated fibres, and appeared to be regenerated fibres. Destruction of myelin sheaths and cavity formation in the axons were observed in these fibres. The changes in the axons were remarkable at the nodes of Ranvier.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685320
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Familial ataxia of the rabbit Sawin-Anders type (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 30 (1974), S. 11-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Ataxia ; Rabbit ; Degeneration ; Cochlear Nuclei ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This hereditary animal ataxia is selective in its sites of involvement within the nervous system, which include principally the central cerebellar, vestibular and cochlear nuclei. Ultrastructural detail has been described for central cerebellar and vestibular nuclei. Herein the cochlear complex of 18 rabbits with this ataxic condition (ax/ax from the strain AX of the Jackson Laboratory) have been examined. The gene is a lethal one, but the animals were used before they became moribund and between 7 and 57 days after the onset of symptoms. By light microscopy nine cell types (Osen, 1969a, b; 1970) have been identified in the cochlear nuclei of the cat. That distribution can also be identified in electron micrographs of rabbit cochlear nuclei, providing there is a singular opportunity to compare cellular vulnerabilities within the ataxic condition, and establish the principal features of associated neuropil alterations. The cochlear nuclei, cerebellar cortex and central nuclei, and the vestibular nuclei, arise from the ependyma of the rhombic lip of the fourth ventricle, making them close allies in their genetic origins. Pathological alterations were evident in scattered neurons from all nuclear sources by 7–15 days following symptom onset. At 15 days the number of altered neurons evident in electronmicrographs had increased markedly, cells becoming involved at a more rapid pace than those already affected could be removed. Much glycogen is evident from 7 days onwards in both neuropil and neurons. It occurs in considerable amounts in astrocytic processes and less abundantly in endbulbs and somata. By 20 to 25 days spongioform changes in neuropil are prominent, and thereafter the extracellular spaces coalesce to produce a lacunar appearance showing little glycogen. It would appear, therefore, that all neuron types, the endbulbs, and the astrocytic processes are markedly involved simultaneously in the spongioform transformation which features this type of ataxia. Involvement of cochlear nuclei only differs in pathological detail from that found at the other involved sites, and the differences seen relate principally to the architectonics of the nuclei, including size and density of the packing of contained elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685318
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on GM1-gangliosidosis, type II (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 30 (1974), S. 155-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: GM1-Gangliosidosis ; Glycoproteins ; β-Galactosidase ; Lysosomal Disease ; Electron Microscopy ; Genetics of GM1-Gangliosidosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Post-mortem studies on a 6-year old boy with GM1-gangliosidosis, Type II revealed no evidence of accumulation of residual bodies nor of gangliosides or glycoproteins in liver and spleen. In brain tissue the ganglioside GM1 accounted for 70% of the ganglioside fraction and ganglioside-NANA was increased 3.6 fold over controls. In addition, the brain tissue contained large amounts of glycoprotein, glycoprotein derived galactose being increased 2.5 times. The neuronal accumulation of tertiary lysosomes exhibited a characteristic distributional pattern: in general the large neuronal perikarya were more consistently involved with the exception of the motor cells of the cranial nerve nuclei, III, IV, and VI. In addition to characteristic MCB's, the nerve cells contained residual bodies with a granulo-floccular matrix, presumed to represent glycoproteins. The distribution of the mutant gene was studied among 30 blood relatives of the proband at risk and 6 carriers could be ascertained on the basis of a reduced leukocytic β-galactosidase activity. The partly purified enzyme from the patient's liver revealed 20% activity as compared to that of normal controls. All three fractions obtained by DEAE cellulose column chromatography exhibited markedly reduced activity at pH 3.6, but nearly normal activity at pH 6.6. The reduced activity corresponded to the B component of the enzyme as shown by electrophoretic separation. It is pointed out that this case cannot be diagnosed as “generalized gangliosidosis” for the process of ganglioside accumulation was restricted to nervous tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685440
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lafora's disease (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 30 (1974), S. 189-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Lafore Bodies ; Polysaccharidosis ; Electron Microscopy ; Epilepsia ; Histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cerebral biopsies of three patients aged 22, 18 and 16 years with myoclonic epilepsy contained Lafory bodies. Two were a brother and sister of consanguineous parents. The Lafora bodies occurred in most neurons but not in glial cells. The ultrastructure of these bodies showed a fibrillar and granular material in the perikaryon and neuropile. In some neurons small Lafora bodies were delimited by a double membrane, suggesting that in early phases they have a membrene which disappears when they become more developed. Other non-specific neuron alterations are described. One of the cases presented in the liver PAS positive bodies of a structure different from the Lafora bodies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688920
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intra-axonal bacilli in lepromatous leprosy (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 27 (1974), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Leprosy ; Lepromatous ; Axonal Bacillation ; Schwann Cells ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary M. leprae bacilli in nerves of 3 patients with lepromatous leprosy were found in the axoplasm of myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers. Axonal bacillation occurred in as much as 2% of myelinated axons. Bacilli within Schwann cells were a more common finding in lepromatous leprosy that intra-axonal bacilli. Intra-axonal bacillation probably represents a late stage phenomenon in lepromatous leprosy. Intra-axonal bacilli may contribute to the dissemination of leprosy by migration of bacilli within the axon, and may contribute directly to nerve fiber destruction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687235
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electron microscope study of chronic median nerve compression in the guinea-pig (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 27 (1974), S. 69-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Chronic Nerve Compression ; Median Nerve ; Guinea-Pig ; Electron Microscopy ; Degeneration ; Regeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In guinea-pigs with chronic median nerve compression at the wrist the electron microscopic changes at level of the lesion and both proximal and distal to it have been studied. At the level of the lesion in animals with prolonged motor latency there was a loss of large myelinated fibres. Remaining large fibres had disproportionately thin myelin sheaths or were demyelinated. Regenerating clusters containing myelinated fibres were present. Evidence of degeneration and regeneration of unmyelinated fibres was present in the more severely affected nerves of this group. Distal to the wrist myelinated fibre density recovered, with regenerating clusters and many axons having disproportionately thin myelin sheaths. Midforearm and upper arm levels were normal. In nerves in which no muscle response to electrical stimulation could be recorded in the palm, a few fibres devoid of myelin remained at the wrist. Immediately proximal to it myelinated fibres were rare, the main feature being Schwann cells containing axons devoid of myelin some of which were degenerating. Degeneration of myelinating fibres within regenerating clusters was seen. At the mid-forearm level large myelinated fibres were reduced and increased numbers of regenerating clusters were seen. Evidence of regeneration of unmyelinated fibres was found. The upper arm was normal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687242
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro characteristics of a myxopapillary ependymoma of the filum terminale maintained in tissue and organ culture systems (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 27 (1974), S. 185-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Myxopapillary Ependymoma ; Tissue and Organ Culture ; Electron Microscopy ; Basement Membrane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Explants of a myxopapillary ependymoma were grown on collagen-coated coverslips and in organ culture systems using gelfoam sponge matrices and Millipore filter platforms. The tumor cultured on collagen-coated coverslips initially exhibited the cytologic features of simple uni- and bipolar glial cells and later developed an epithelial-like pattern. Delicate branching of argyrophilic cell processes was demonstrated in Bodian preparations. In organ cultures, the tumor architecture was well preserved for approximately 4 weeks, and mitotic figures were present. Invasion of the sponge foam matrix was seen. Later cultures demonstrated progressive perivascular sclerosis and hyalinization. By electron microscopy, the tumor cells in organ culture systems retained the major fine structural characteristics of the original neoplasm up to 27 daysin vitro. The most striking feature in the late stages was the extensive increase and reduplication of basement membrane material, which appeared related to the increase of collagen fibrils in the extracellular space.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687629
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural changes in muscle in spinal muscular atrophy —Werdnig-Hoffmann's disease (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 27 (1974), S. 247-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Werdnig-Hoffmann's Disease ; Electron Microscopy ; Muscle Biopsy ; Myotube-like Cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An ultrastructural study was carried out on muscle biopsies of 7 children with Werdnig-Hoffmann's disease. The muscle fibres were classified into 3 categories: 1. Muscle cells of normal diameter without any distinct or only slight changes. 2. Small muscle cells with a large central nucleus with the appearance of myoblast at a later stage of development. 3. Cells resembling myotubes containing in a common basement membrane two to four cells at different stages of maturation. Myoblast and myotube-like cells seemed to resemble foetal muscle fibres. Such fibres appear to represent an arrest in maturation rather than muscle atrophy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687634
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Etude quantitative de la myélinisation et de la croissance axonale dans le corps calleux et le cordon postérieur de la moëlle chez la souris Jimpy (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 29 (1974), S. 293-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Jimpy Mouse ; Electron Microscopy ; Mouse Mutant ; Myelination ; Axonal Growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A quantitative study of the myelination and axonal growth in the corpus callosum and posterior columns of the spinal cord in the Jimpy mouse gave the following results: The reduction in the number of myelinated fibers is much more important in regions with late myelination, e.g. corpus callosum and pyramidal tracts than in the previously myelinated fascicles of Goll and Burdach. There is an important delay in the increase in volume of axons particularly within the structures of late myelination. The importance of the lacking axonal growth in relation to myelination is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685483
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzyme histochemical and ultrastructural alterations in the brains of Friesian calves with GM1 gangliosidosis (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 30 (1974), S. 73-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: GM1 Gangliosidosis ; Friesian Calves ; Inborn Metabolic Error ; Histochemistry ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Histoenzymic and ultrastructural alterations in the brains of seven calves with GM1 gangliosidosis are described. A decreased oxidative enzyme activity in neurons was accompanied by an increase in acid phosphatase activity. Membranous cytoplasmic bodies were present in neurons and glia. The periodicity of the membranes was about 5.5 to 6.0 nm. Electron-dense, membrane-bound inclusions were present in perithelial cells. The lesions were compared with those of gangliosidoses in other species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685324
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aseptic meningitis due to atheromatous material in the subarachnoid space (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 30 (1974), S. 145-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Aseptic Meningitis ; Atheromatous Material ; Hypersensitivity ; Electron Microscopy ; Macrophages ; Pia-Arachnoid ; Granuloma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 500 mg of sterile pooled human atheromatous material was injected into the cisterna magna of 6 mongrel dogs. Repeated cisternal punctures were done at various intervals until sacrifice from 1 day to 28 days following injection. CSF was obtained for cell count, sugar, protein and analysis in the Technicon 6/60 which measured 14 additional chemical and enzymatic variables. All 6 animals showed a prompt cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis which largely subsided during the first 2 weeks after injection. Increased CSF protein content developed more slowly, but was more prolonged than the pleocytosis. There was a variable decrease in CSF sugar and increase in CSF lactate dehydrogenase, calcium and inorganic phosphorous. Light and electron microscopic studies showed an intense acute inflammatory reaction with marked phagocytosis of the foregin material, probably by arachnoidal cells and moderate edematous changes in the astrocytic processes at the site of injection. During the first 2 weeks after the injection the inflammatory reaction became chronic and the edematous changes in the medulla subsided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685439
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electron microscope study of reacting astrocytes in gliomas induced by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in rats (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 30 (1974), S. 175-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Reacting Astrocytes ; Phagocytosis ; Experimental Gliomas ; Ethylnitrosourea ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of reacting astrocytes in experimental gliomas has been described. These tumours were induced transplacentally by 30 mg of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea per kg of body weight injected into the tail vein of pregnant BD-IX rats on the 15th day of gestation. In tumour-bearing animals astrocytes undergo striking morphological changes and show increased mitotic activity. Reacting astrocytes around gliomas display large, eccentric, irregular nuclei and the abundant cytoplasm contains an increased number of cell organelles. The most dramatic increase is in glial filaments: these form thick bundles at the periphery of the cells and in the processes which are frequently seen around demyelinated axons. Reacting astrocytes engulf and break down myelin sheaths: their remnants, lamellar inclusion bodies and lipid droplets, are present in the cytoplasm. Extravasated erythrocytes are also surrounded by and digested in reacting astrocytes. Numerous lysosomes could provide the necessary enzymes for the phagocytic activity of these cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685441
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracellular organization of bacteriocin particles in Proteus vulgaris (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 98 (1974), S. 271-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Proteus vulgaris ; Bacteriocin ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The intracellular development of a bacteriocin in a strain of Proteus vulgaris was investigated. Particles which resemble the bacteriocin make their appearance in the cell after 60 min induction with mitomycin C. At this stage they appear as broad bands of tightly-packed phage tail-like structures. With longer periods of induction the bands are disrupted to liberate individual phage tail-like particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425288
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inorganic polyphosphates and enzymes of polyphosphate metabolism in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 98 (1974), S. 311-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Dictyostelium discoideum ; Inorganic Polyphosphate ; Electron Microscopy ; Enzymes ; Polyphosphate Metabolism ; Cellular Slime Mold ; Polyphosphatase ; Polyphosphate-ADP-Phosphotransferase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The concentration of inorganic polyphosphates in Dictyostelium discoideum was low in the amoebae. A ca 5-fold increase took place during the early stages of multicellular development and was followed by a decrease during the intermediate stages. Electron micrographs showed the presence of electron dense material in all parts of the differentiating cells. The substance was most frequently observed in various types of vacuoles. Two enzymes of polyphosphate metabolism were identified and studied in cell-free extracts: a polyphosphatase and a polyphosphate-ADP-phosphotransferase. No polyphosphate-glucose-phosphotransferase or polyphosphate-AMP-phosphotransferase activities were observed in the extracts. The specific activity of the polyphosphatase, pH optimum 7.6, was ca 30 nmol Pi·min-1·mg protein-1 at all stages of development. The enzyme activity was not inhibited by 0.01 M orthophosphate. The polyphosphate-ADP-phosphotransferase, pH optimum ca 7.7, was studied in the direction of ATP. The enzyme specific activities were very low, about 0.2 nmol P·min-1·mg protein-1, and rather constant during differentiation. The enzyme activity was inhibited by orthophosphate and by excess ADP. It was concluded that the polyphosphate-ADP-phosphotransferase did not contribute significantly to the formation of ATP during multicellular development, and that polyphosphate did not act as a phosphagen in the differentiating cellular slime mold. It was suggested that polyphosphate served as a phosphate store and as a means of regulating the intracellular orthophosphate concentration during development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425292
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mating reaction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 97 (1974), S. 27-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Mass Mating ; Electron Microscopy ; Cell Fusion ; Membrane Structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The process of mating reaction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied by electron microscopy. Prior to the dissolution of the part of the cell walls separating the conjugating pair of cells, the thinning of the electron transparent layer of the cell wall occurs at the part toward which the nuclei are migrating. After the dissolution of the cell walls of the conjugating cells, the cell membranes become associated with each other, then to be broken and rejoined. The first diploid bud emerges from about the middle of the zygote. The morphological changes during the mating reaction are discussed in relation to the biochemical changes so far known.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403042
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of a spirochete found in tissues of the brine shrimp,Artemia salina (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 99 (1974), S. 281-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Spirochete ; Artemia ; Brine Shrimp ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 1. A spirochete which occurs in tissues of the brine shrimp,Artemia salina, was studied by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. A total of seven infected shrimps were encountered. 2. Under darkfield illumination, most spirochete cells inArtemia blood were 6–13 μ long and 0.3–0.4 μ wide. Coiling was variable and often irregular. 3. When tissues of the maxillary gland (kidney) and nearby organs were examined by electron microscopy, spirochete cells were found in both extracellular and intracellular locations. These microbes possessed the ultrastructural features typical of members of the Order Spirochaetales: a) a slender protoplasmic cylinder (0.18 μ average diameter), b) axial fibrils (150 A average diameter), and c) an outer envelope or sheath (approximately 75 A thick). 4. Counts made of the number of axial fibrils evident in transverse sections of spirochete cells were consistent with the hypothesis that this spirochete has a 1-2-1 arrangement of axial fibrils. 5. Non-spiral forms were observed in the haemocoel and in the lumen of the maxillary gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00696243
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastrukturelle und lichtmikroskopische Befunde bei drei protrahiert tödlich verlaufenen Paraquatvergiftungen (1974)
    Springer
    Lung 150 (1974), S. 185-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Keywords: Paraquat Poisoning ; Morphology ; Electron Microscopy ; Light Microscopy ; Letal Course ; Human Lung ; Lung Fibrosis ; Proliferative Alterations ; Degenerative Alterations ; Pathogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Morphological alterations in the lungs of 3 cases of paraquat intoxication with prolonged lethal course (10, 11, and 25 days) are reported. Combined light-and electronmicroscopic studies reveal that 10 and 11 days after the ingestion of paraquat the endothelium of the occassionally congested capillaries is intact. The basal membranes have only scarce alterations. They are sometimes naked because of shadding of both types of pneumocytes with severe alterations, e.g. lipid accumulation in the cytoplasm. In the vast alveolar edema, red blood cells, some round cells, strands of fibrin, and lamellar cell debris are seen. There are also varying amounts of polymorphnuclear leucocytes and alveolar macrophages with many phagolysosomes and cytosegresomes. Fibroblasts with lipid droplets between the extensive RER form varying amounts of collagen fibrils in the alveolar and sometimes in the very edematous interstitial space. Sometimes surrounded by collagenous material, they thus devoured by macrophages. 25 days after paraquat intoxication a severe alveolar fibrosis, focal interstitial fibrosis, and areas with atelectasis are found. Due to artificial respiration and changed ventilation mechanics, there were large areas with hemorrhage and a honeycomb-like structure of the remaining lung parenchyma. The pathogenesis of the degenerative and proliferative lung alterations is briefly discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02179318
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feinstrukturanalyse der komplexen Geißeln von Rhizobium lupini H 13-3 (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 100 (1974), S. 145-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Complex Flagella ; Fine Structure ; Electron Microscopy ; Optical Diffraction ; Flagellin ; Flagellar Motion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zellen von Rhizobium lupini H 13-3 besitzen 5–10 peritrich inserierte komplexe Geißeln, deren Feinstruktur durch Hochauflösungs-Elektronenmikroskopie und lichtoptische Diffraktion analysiert wurde. Das Geißelfilament hat einen Durchmesser von 160 Å und besteht aus einem zylindrischen Kern (Durchmesser ca. 110 Å), der fest von drei Bändern einer helikalen Scheide umgeben ist. Die Scheidenbänder sind 49 Å breit, durch 49 Å-Intervalle voneinander getrennt und haben eine Steigung von 31°. Die komplexen Geißelfilamente bestehen aus einem 43 000-Dalton-Protein, das den Kern und die helikale Scheide aufbaut. Beide gehen übergangslos aus dem proximalen Geißelhaken hervor, der einen Durchmesser von 150 Å und eine Länge von 600 bis 800 Å hat. Die Diffraktionsanalyse des Geißelhakens zeigte eine helikale Grundanordnung von globulären Untereinheiten, die ein Oberflächengitter von 5 parallelen Schrauben (Steigung 29° bzw. 33°) bilden, von denen jede fast 11 Untereinheiten pro Helixungang trägt. Die komplexen Geißeln von R. lupini H 13-3 und Pseudomonas rhodos [Schmitt et al.: J. Bact. 117, 844–857 (1974)] sind ein neuer Typ von Bakteriengeißeln. Sie zeigen deutliche Übereinstimmung in der Feinstruktur, der festen Verbindung von helikaler Scheide und Geißelhaken sowie in der Fragilität ihrer Filamente; sie unterscheiden sich deutlich im Molekulargewicht der Flagellinmonomeren (43 000 bzw. 55 000). Zellen von R. lupini H 13-3 führen schnelle, vibrierende Translationsbewegungen aus. Mögliche Mechanismen der Bewegung komplexer Geißeln werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract Cells of Rhizobium lupini H 13-3 possess 5 to 10 peritrichously inserted complex flagella, which were analyzed by high resolution electron microscopy and by optical diffraction. The flagellar filament has a diameter of 160 Å; it consists of a cylindrical core (diameter approximately 110 Å) surrounded by three close-fitting bands of a helical sheath. The helical bands are 49 Å wide, separated by axial intervals, 49 Å wide, and run at an angle of 31°. Complex filaments consist of a 43 000-dalton protein representing the core and the helical sheath. These originate from the proximal hook, which has a diameter of 150 Å and a length of 600 to 800 Å. The diffraction analysis of the hook showed a helical arrangement of globular subunits forming a surface of 5 parallel “small-scale” helices (pitch-angles 29° and 33°, respectively), each carrying almost 11 subunits per period. The complex flagella of R. lupini H 13-3 and Pseudomonas rhodos [Schmitt, et al.: J. Bact. 117, 844–857 (1974)] represent a novel type of bacterial flagella. There is agreement in their fine structures, in the intimate connection of the helical sheath and the core, and in the fragility of their filaments. Thery are clearly distinguished by the molecular weights of their flagellin monomers (43 000 and 55 000, respectively). Cells of R. lupini H 13-3 show fast, vibrating, translational motions. Possible mechanisms of complex flagellar motion are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446314
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Citrate lyase from Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa: Purification, electron microscopy and subunit structure (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 100 (1974), S. 307-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Citrate Lyase ; Subunit Structure ; Electron Microscopy ; Reaction Inactivation ; Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa ; Phototrophic Bacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 1. Citrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.6) from Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa has been purified to homogeneity by protamine sulfate fractionation, chromatography on DEAE-Cellulose and gel filtration. The final enzyme preparation had a specific activity of 138 units per mg of protein and was purified 43-fold over the crude extract. Analysis of citrate lyase by sedimentation equilibrium experiments and gel filtration gave molecular weights of 530000 and 560000, respectively. 2. Electron microscopic investigations of negatively stained enzyme molecules and image analysis showed that citrate lyase is composed of six large and six small subunits; they are arranged in two hexagonal rings lying face to face, each containing, in alternating sequence, three large and three small subunits. The enzyme molecule is 160 Å in diameter and about 100 Å thick. 3. Treatment with sodium dodecylsulfate and mercaptoethanol dissociated citrate lyase into three proteins. Protein III (small subunit) had a molecular weight of 30000 and contained the pantothenate; protein II (large subunit) had a molecular weight of 61000; protein I (M r =97000) was probably an aggregate of II and III. 4. Based on the results obtained a model of citrate lyase was constructed. 5. Purified citrate lyase was obtained from R. gelatinosa in a deacetylated and largely oxidized form. The enzyme was activated by reduction with dithiothreitol (3 mM) and subsequent acetylation with acetic anhydride (1.75 mM). 6. The enzyme was subject to reaction inactivation, the extent of which depended on the concentration of Mg2+.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446325
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  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural aspects of localized membrane damage in Spirillum serpens VHL early in its association with Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109D (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 100 (1974), S. 179-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus ; Spirillum serpens ; Freeze Fracture ; Electron Microscopy ; Ultrastructure ; Membrane Damage ; Organismic Associations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The freeze-fracture technique and electron microscopy have been used to demonstrate that localized damage is inflicted upon the cytoplasmic membrane of Spirillum serpens VHL within 20 to 30 min after the start of its association with Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109D. This damage is not observed in uninfected Spirillum cells, nor in infected cells within the first 10 min. This damage takes the form of a “blister” which, when viewed stereoscopically in electron micrographs, is seen to project toward the interior of the Spirillum cell. Shortly after its formation, the blister becomes elaborated into a series of ridges which may assume forms ranging from an elaborate spiral to a series of loops or knots. The formation of a blister is shown to involve both the inner and outer leaves of the membrane bilayer, and evidence is presented to indicate that the blister site corresponds to the site of attachment of the Bdellovibrio cell. The hypothesis is proposed that this ultrastructural damage is the cytological basis for the controlled and localized leakage through the cytoplasmic membrane into the periplasmic space of the Spirillum cell at locations adjacent to the Bdellovibrio cell. It is suggested that this localized membrane damage may be the ultrastructural basis for the high efficiency with which bdellowvibrios are known to incorporate cytoplasmic materials from the other bacteria in whose periplasmic spaces they develop.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446316
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural study of pigment cells of human red hair (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 150 (1974), S. 167-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pigment cell ; Red hair ; Sunburn ; Man ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pigment cells of human red hair (pheomelanocytes) are never connected to keratinocytes by desmosomes or other defined cell junctions. In the dendritic processes of pheomelanocytes, thin filaments, about 50–80 Å in diameter, and microtubuli can be observed. Early prepheomelanosomes contain loosely arranged filaments. With the onset of pheomelanogenesis dense material is deposited on the filaments. Distinction between late prepheomelanosomes and pheomelanosomes is not clearly possible, because of the disorganized appearance of the content. Furthermore, the content of pheomelanosomes sometimes seems to be disintegrated. By means of the DOPA reaction, tyrosinase activity is shown to be present in: a) prepheomelanosomes, b) large cisternae apposed at one side of dictyosomes, c) small cisternae of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and d) coated and uncoated vesicles. The results suggest that red pigment granules are formed in a manner similar to that of melanin granules. It is further assumed that an inadequate stability of pheomelanoprotein accounts for the inability of red-haired people to develop effective protection against ultraviolet light.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222168
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    Identification of 2-hydroxy fatty acids in complex mixtures of fatty acid methyl esters by mass chromatographyAbbreviations: Hydroxy fatty acids are identified by h preceding chain length. (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 10-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Repetitive mass spectrometric scanning of gas-liquid chromatographic effuents at short (6 to 15 s) intervals, with a digital computer for data acquisition, reduction and display, allows plots (mass chromatograms) to be made of the intensities of specific ion fragments. Plotting of m/e values characteristic for certain classes of compounds and/or individual components reveals the location of constituents in the gas chromatogram. This technique was applied to the identification of trimethylsilyl derivatives of unsubstituted and 2-hydroxy fatty acid methyl esters in mixtures obtained from acid catalyzed methanolysis of cat brain galactocerebrosides. The plot of total ionization intensity vs scan number generated the gas-liquid chromatogram. Mass chromatograms of m/e 73 and [M - 59]+ gave the locations in the gas-liquid chromatogram of the hydroxy fatty acid derivatives, and mass chromatograms of m/e 74 and [M]+ located the unsubstituted fatty acid derivatives. Integrated ion intensities were used to determine the composition of the mixture of fatty acids.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010105
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  • 40
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    The structural elucidation of polyene macrolide antibiotics by mass spectrometry. Nystatin, amphotericin B and pimaricin (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 20-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Complete mass spectra of the pertimethylsilylated derivatives of three high molecular weight polyene macrolide antibiotics are reported for the first time. The fragmentation pathways which are proposed have been corroborated by the stable isotope derivatives d9-TMS and d3-acetyl. Accurate mass measurements and metastable transitions confirm the proposed fragmentation mechanisms in the low mass range. Nystatin - the macrolide of highest molecular weight in this study - expels several TMSOH molecules and a TMS radical. Amphotericin B underwent extensive rearrangements preliminary to eliminating a series of TMSOH molecules. An apparent equilibrium between the keto and ketal forms of amphotericin B facilitated the rearrangements. Pimaricin fragmented in a manner parallel to that of the other two macrolides. The sugar portion of the molecules dominated the fragmentation in the low mass region in the spectra of all compounds. The transfer of a TMS group from the sugar amine to the glycosidic oxygen was observed when the amino sugar was eliminated from the intact molecule. The resulting sugar ion then expelled ammonia.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010107
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    Sex-linked specificity of the hepatic metabolism of steroids in rats. Mass fragmentography as a method for the assay of hydrogenated metabolites of corticosterone in the liver (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 29-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is described for the separation, identification and quantitation of endogenous hydrogenated metabolities of corticosterone in rat liver Corticosterone, 5α- and 5β-dihydrocorticosterone, 3α,11β,21-trihydroxy-5α-pregnane-3,20-dione, 3β,11β,21-trihydroxy-5α-pregnane-3,20-dione, 3α,11β,21-trihydroxy-5β-pregnane-3,20-dione, 3β,11β,21-trihydroxy-5α-pregnane-3,20-dione, 5α-pregnane-3α,11β,20α,21-tetrol, 5α-pregnane-3α,11β,20β,21-tetrol and 5α-pregnane-3β,11β,20β,21-tetrol are specifically quantitated in one analysis by mass fragmentography all as their O-methyloxime pertrimethylsilyl derivatives. A pronounced difference in the amounts of these nine metabolites between male and female adult rats was found, while in newborn rats only the two tetrahydro-compounds bearing a 5α-hydrogen were detected in both sexes. On the other hand 3α,11β,1 5α,21-tetrahydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one was detected only in the adult female as its second prominent metabolite of corticosterone. Corticosterone metabolites being biochemical markers of the sex-linked differentiation of the hepatocytes, their mass fragmentographic assay is proposed as a tool for the quantitative analysis of this type of gene expression.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010108
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  • 42
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    Determination of the structure of partially methylated sugars as O-trimethylsilyl ethers by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 62-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The separation and structural determination of ten partially methylated methyl glucosides by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry are described. These glucosides were four possible structures for methyl tri-O-methylglucosides and six for methyl di-O-methylglucosides. The positions of free hydroxyl groups in four isomers of methyl tri-O-methylglucosides could be fairly distinguished from each other by their mass spectra. Mass spectra of methyl di-O-methylglucosides were similar to each other, though their spectra were different from those of fully methylated or methyl tri-O-methylglucosides. After introduction of a trimethylsilyl group to the free hydroxyl group, mass spectra of methyl di-O-methylglucosides showed a characteristic pattern for the position of the trimethylsilylated hydroxyl group, and O-trimethylsilyl ethers of methyl tri-O-methylglucosides also showed distinguishable mass spectra. The structures of fragment ions of partially methylated methyl glucosides were confirmed by high resolution mass spectrometry.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010113
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  • 43
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    Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. II - continuous monitoring (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 80-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Monitoring of solutes eluted from a liquid chromatograph is possible by continuous introduction of the effluent solution into the ion source of a chemical ionization mass spectrometer. Detection sensitivities in the nanogram range are possible for a wide variety of solutes and solvents. Auxiliary techniques which have proved valuable for g.c.-m.s. also appear to be applicable to l.c.m.s.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010117
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    Study on drug metabolites by mass spectrometry. IVFor Part III, see Ref. 1. - metabolites of 2-(diethylamino) ethyltetrahydro-α-(1-naphthylmethyl)-2-furanpropionate oxalate in rats (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 66-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The determination of drug metabolites is very important in the biochemical field. However, the procedure for doing this has been very complicated in many cases. The major reason is because of the need for fairly large amounts of the samples. We have been studying procedures for the determination and identification by use of mass spectrometry, which usually gives a lot of information rapidly from very small amounts of the samples (below μg). In this paper, the metabolites excreted in urine and bile following oral administration of 2-(diethyamino)ethyl tetrahydro-α-(1-naphthylmethyl)-2-furanpropionate oxalate (1) in rats, were investigated by means of mass spectrometry and other techniques. The drug was not excreted unchanged in urine. Of the eight metabolites suspected to be present in urine and bile, the structures of three metabolites were elucidated to be tetrahydro-α-(1-naphthylmethyl)-2-furanpropionic acid (3) and α-(1-naphthylmethyl)-2-perhydro-5-oxofuranpropionic acid (4) in urine, and diethylaminoethanol (2) in bile. These metabolites might also be present as their structural isomers or conjugates.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010114
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    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010201
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  • 46
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    Interpretation of mass spectra, 2nd Edition, by F. W. McLafferty. W. A. Benjamin Inc., Reading, Massachusetts, 1973. $15.00 (cloth) $7.50 (paper) (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. xiv 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010118
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  • 47
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    Qualitative and quantitative mass spectrometry of some noncatecholic biogenic amines and related compounds as their dansyl derivatives (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 83-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The use of the integrated ion current technique for the analysis of biogenic amines and phenols as their 1-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulphonyl (dansyl) derivatives is described, particularly as regards to the linearity and sensitivity of detection. The mono derivatized amines gave a linear response over the range 10-9 to 10-14 mol, with a few being detected in quantities as small as 5 × 10-15 mol. The bisdansyl derivatives have a lower sensitivity and the response is linear over a more restricted range, terminating at 10-13 mol. Deuterated analogues of some of the amines were prepared and the feasibility of their use as internal standards was investigated. In this way, the problems associated with quantitative biochemical analyses caused by losses during extractions, chromatographic separations and thermal decomposition in the mass spectrometer lon source are overcome. The differentiation of isomers of biogenic amines as their dansyl derivatives has been accomplished by fractional sublimation and by examination of differences in their fragmentation patterns.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010202
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  • 48
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    Amino acid mixture analysis by mass spectrometry in the form of their dimethylaminomethylene methyl esters (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 115-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The amino acids, arginine, citrulline, cysteine, cystine, histidine, hydroxyproline, methionine, ornithine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan and tyrosine, have been analysed in the form of their N-(N′, N′-dimethylaminomethylene) methyl esters. formed in a single step by reaction of the free amino acid or its hydrochloride with N,N-dimethylformamide dimethylacetal in acetonitrile/methanol (2:1). A reaction time of 15 minutes at 100 °C ensures complete derivatization, the derivatives being volatile at source temperatures below 150 °C, and giving electron impact spectra characterized by abundant (or moderately abundant) peaks at or near the mass of the molecular ion.The analysis of amino acid mixtures by mass fragmentography on characteristic high mass peaks of their N-(N′,N′-dimethylaminoethylene) methyl ester derivatives, introduced on a direct insertion probe and volatilized during temperature programming of the source, is qescribed. The method is applied to the analysis of a mixture containing arginine, citrulline, cystine, histidine and tryptophan, traditionally difficult to analyse by other methods.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010206
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  • 49
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    Observations on the mechanism of hydroxylation of cyclophosphamide by rat liver microsomes: The metabolism of cyclophosphamide-4-d2 (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 130-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The metabolism of cyclophosphamide-4-d2 (2-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]-tetrahydro-4,4-dideuterio-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorine 2-oxide), was studied. The first detectable metabolite was a hydroxy derivative which was trapped with ethanol. Mass spectrometry of the resulting two ethoxy derivatives and of the deuterated acrolein 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones formed therefrom via reaction with acidic 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, afforded evidence that the ethoxy substituents were at C-4, which was therefore the position of the original hydroxy substituent. The mass spectrum of the deuterated acrolein 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone obtained from the total reactive metabolites was used to estimate the ratio of 4- to 6-hydroxylation. The rate of metabolism and the antitumour activity of cyclophosphamide and its 4-d2 analogue were compared.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010209
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  • 50
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    Mass spectral studies of airborne particulates and possible pollution sourcesWork supported in part by EPA under Agreement No. EPA-IAG-0217(D) entitled ‘Correlation of Hazardous Compound Composition of Coal, Ash, Fly-Ash, and Other Emissions from Combustion’. (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 137-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The organic material in airborne particulate matter is being studied by high resolution mass spectrometry to determine if hydrocarbons typical of major sources of pollution can be detected. Carbon number distributions and hydrogen-to-carbon ratios of components found in airborne particulate samples and the corresponding data for compounds detected in fuel combustion products show great similarity. Samples collected near large power stations and major airports were compared with typical urban particulate samples. Particulates collected from jet engine exhaust and a condensate from the stack effluent from a coal-fired combustion system were studied. Mass spectral data were obtained for an auto exhaust tar, a coal tar pitch and several fuels. The mass spectra of two total particulate samples, compared to the spectrum of an ether extract of the organic matter, indicate that direct vaporization can be used and extraction is not essential for qualitative mass spectral studies.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010210
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    Analysis of intact phospholipids by field desorption mass spectrometry (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 154-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The first application of field desorption mass spectrometry to the analysis of intact diacyl glycerophosphorylcholines (lecithins) has led to the detection of prominent molecular ions. This technique enables positive identification of the components of a mixture of phosphatidylcholines, which will provide valuable information on the phospholipid composition of biological fluids.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010213
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    Mass spectrometry of pesticides and pollutants, by S. Safe and O. Hutzinger. CRC Press Inc., Cleveland, Ohio, 1973. pp. 220, $32.00 (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 157-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010215
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    News and events (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. xi 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010216
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  • 54
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    Detection and quantitative analysis of amphetamine (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 159-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The high resolution mass spectrometric integrated ion current procedure has been used to identify and quantitate amphetamine, isolated as its dansyl derivative, as it is found after addition to urine and in tissues of the rat following intraperitoneal injection. A linear relationship between amphetamine and ion current response has been established at least in the range 5 × 10-12 to 5 × 10-7 g, and as little as 8 × 10-13 mol of amphetamine in urine may be detected.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010302
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    Thin-layer chromatography-mass spectrometry for the identification of sapogenins from Digitalis species (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 166-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is described for the identification of the sapogenins of several Digitalis species. The steroids are separated by repeated development thin-layer chromatography and identified by means of high resolution mass spectrometry. The spectra of tigogenin, gitogenin, digalogenin and digitogenin are recorded. These spectra are of particular use in establishing the position of extra hydroxy moieties in the steroid nuclei. Several species of Digitalis were screened for their sapogenin content. D. purpurea, D. mertonensis and D. lutea were found to contain tigogenin and digitogenin in small amounts, the principal steroid being gitogenin, whilst D. ambigua and D. lanata contained all four steroids.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010304
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  • 56
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    Intramolecular isotopic order in biologically produced acetic acid (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 172-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Acetic acid isolated from cider vinegar and inorganically synthesized glacial acetic acid have markedly different intramolecular isotopic distributions of the stable carbon isotopes. Carbon-12 is concentrated in the methyl group relative to the carboxyl group in the biologically produced acid. The reverse distribution is observed in the particular sample of glacial acetic acid examined here.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010306
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  • 57
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    Identification of some organic smog components based on rain water analysis (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 192-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An analysis has been made of a sample of rain water collected in Washington, D.C. following a sustained photo-oxidant smog alert which was accompanied by haze and low visibility. The analysis was effected by purging the organic content from the water with helium gas and identifying the constituents by means of gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. The predominant compound was found to be 3-methylfuran, a possible intermediate or end product of the atmospheric decomposition of terpenoid hydrocarbons. The analysis suggests that the smog resulted from the air oxidation of hydrocarbons evolved from Appalachian forestation rather than from manassociated activities.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010309
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    Source of the carboxamide nitrogen atom in 2-carboxamido-5-isopropoxycarbonylaminobenzimidazole, a metabolite of cambendazole (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 190-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and isotope labeling techniques have been employed to demonstrate that the carboxamide nitrogen atom in 2-carboxamido-5-isopropoxycarbonylaminobenzimidazole, a metabolite of 2-thiazolyl-5-isopropoxycarbonylaminobenzimidazole (cambendazole), is derived wholly from the parent drug. [15N] Thiazole-labeled cambendazole was administered to a rat and the metabolite isolated from urine. Trideutero-2-carboxamido-5-isopropoxycarbonylaminobenzimidazole was employed as a carrier to isolate the metabolite in sufficient purity for isotope ratio measurements using multiple ion detection. The metabolite was converted to its tetramethyl derivative by on-column reaction with trimethylanilium hydroxide to permit satisfactory gas chromatography.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Workshop reports (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 206-207 
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    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010312
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    News and events (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. xiii 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010314
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    Masthead (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010401
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    Evaluation of bilirubin derivatives for mass spectral analysis (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 219-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Twelve derivatives of bilirubin were evaluated from the point of view of providing intense molecular ion peaks on electron impact and unambiguous molecular weights. The tetrakis-(trimethylsilyl) derivative of bilirubin was judged to be the most suitable because its molecular ion carries 22% of the total ion current and is the base peak in the spectrum. Molecular ions were found to carry 10% of the total ion current in the spectrum of the trimethylsilylated methyl ester of the phenylazo derivative of bilirubin. Fragmentation patterns of these two compounds were studied using deuterium labeling.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    The use of Edman degradation in peptide mixture analysis by mass spectrometryA preliminary report including some of the data presented in this paper has been given at the 6th International Mass Spectrometry Conference, Edinburgh, Scotland, September 1973. (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 231-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mass spectrometric analysis of peptide mixtures may lead to ambiguous results when it is possible to change from one peptide chain to another during the interpretation of the spectra. This kind of ambiguity can be eliminated by submission of part of the sample to one cycle of Edman degradation, followed by comparison of the results obtained for this preparation with those obtained for the nondegraded sample. Combination of this procedure with the use of deuterated derivatives has allowed an unambiguous interpretation for two mixtures of synthetic peptides.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010406
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  • 64
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    Field desorption mass spectrometry of ten medicinal carbamates (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 256-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The field desorption mass spectra of ten medicinal carbamates - meprobamate, mebutamate, carisoprodol, emylcamate, bethanechol chloride, styramate, hydroxyphenamate, mephenesin carbamate, methocarbamol and chlorphenesin carbamate - were run and compared with their published electron impact spectra. Of the ten compounds run only emylcamate did not give a field desorption mass spectrum. All others gave abundant molecular ions, with the exception of bethanechol chloride which has a quarternary ammonium group and gave a field desorption spectrum characteristic of compounds possessing such a functional group. No general characteristic fragmentation was attributed to the carbamate function in the field desorption mode. However, the ease of obtaining abundant molecular ions or quasimolecular ions makes the field desorption method a valuable complementary technique to electron impact studies of carbamates.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 65
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    The determination of sequence information in homologously related proteins by mass spectrometry (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 269-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An azurin, a small respiratory copper protein from the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens biotype G, has been studied by mass spectrometry to determine sequence information. The study of homologously related proteins by mass spectiometry is particularly attractive, since the correct nature of major parts of the deduced sequences can be confirmed by comparison with the sequences of the protein from related organisms. An oxidized tryptohan residue has been identified amongst the products from a cyanogen bromide digest of this wild type azurin. In the same digest, a product is also found to arise from cleavage of the peptide chain at the C-terminal side of the same tryptophan residue. These results are rationalized.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010411
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    The mass spectral fragmentation of partially ethylated alditol acetates, a derivative used in determining the glycosly linkage composition of polysaccharidesSupported in part by AEC Contract No. AT(11-1)-1426.Abbreviations: PEGS = poly-(ethylene glycol succinate); PEGA = poly-(ethylene glycol adipate). (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 263-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectral data for the primary fragmentation of partially ethylated alditol acetates have been tabulated in order to allow easy reference for the identification of these polysaccharide derivatives. Sodium borodeuteride is used in all the aldose to alditol reductions, since the presence of a single deuterium label on C-1 greatly increases the information available in the mass spectrum and allows some identifications to be made which would not otherwise be possible. The primary fragmentations of these derivatives are analogous to those of the partially methylated alditol acetates, with each fragment shifted to a higher m/e value by fourteen mass units for each ether linkage contained in the fragment. The secondary fragmentation is also very similar, being characterized by the loss of acetic acid or ketene, or, less frequently, by the loss of ethanol or acetaldehyde. Coupled with the chromatographic retention time data for the partially ethylated alditol acetates tabulated elsewhere, the unambiguous mass spectral identification makes this derivative an excellent choice as a complementary derivative to the partially methylated alditol acetates for polysaccharide analysis. The utility of the partially ethylated alditol as a routine analytical derivative is further enhanced by the almost identical procedures required for synthesis of the ethyl and methyl derivatives. Through the combined use of these derivatives, most of the possible linkage isomers of the seven common aldoses of plant cell wall polysaccharides can be resolved, identified and quantitated.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 67
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    Characterization of cytosine nucleosides by mass spectrometry (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 281-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of most nucleosides of cytosine exhibit molecular ions of low abundance, rearranged ions base + 2H in greater abundance than the companion species base + H, and a characteristic and abundant ion which corresponds to base + C2HO from the sugar. Deuterium, oxygen-18 and substituent labeling showed the presence of C-1′, 2′, H-2′ and O-4′ in the latter ion, which led to a proposed mechanism of formation involving opening of the sugar ring and recyclization between O2 and C-2′ with expulsion of water. Primary driving force for the reaction is due to resonance stabilization promoted by unshared electrons from N4, which results in diminished abundance in the case of imino isomers and derivatives which contain electron-withdrawing groups at N4, and enhanced abundance resulting from methylation at N4. Data for 24 nucleosides are presented and discussed in terms of the determination of nucleoside structure.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010413
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  • 68
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    News and events (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. ix 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010417
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  • 69
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    Metabolism of branched medium chain length fatty acid: I - ω-oxidation of sodium dipropylacetate in ratsAbbreviations: DPA = dipropylacetate; BSA = N,O-bis-(trimethylsil)acetamide; TMCS = trimethylchlorosilane. (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 291-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The metabolism of sodium dipropylacetate (a newly developed anticonvulsant) was investigated in rats, and two metabolites were found in urine of rats which received dipropylacetate. The metabolites were identified as 2-n-propyl-5-hydroxypentanoic acid and 2-n-propylglutaric acid, respectively, by low and high resolution mass spectrometry. Synthetic 2-n-propylglutaric acid, when administered to rats, was not oxidized further and was excreted intact in urine. These data clearly show that ω-oxidation is involved in the metabolism of sodium dipropylacetate and that 2-n-propylglutaric acid, the end product of ω-oxidation, does not serve as a substrate for β-oxidation.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 70
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    Limits of detection of carbon-13 labelled drugs and their metabolites in human urineAbbreviation used: PDB = Belemnitella americana (‘Peedee Belemnite’). (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 345-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The precise isotopic analysis of carbon by means of differential comparison of CO2 samples is applied to neutral, acid c and basic extract fractions of human urine. It is shown that the standard deviation of the analytical procedure, including sample preparation steps, is about 1% or 0.001 atom % excess carbon-13, but depends some what on the fraction considered. Day to day variations (expressed as standard deviations) in the isotopic composition of the urine fractions are generally less than 2.8%, 1.4% and 3.9% for the neutral, acidica and basic fractions, respectively, although the effect of unusual dietary inputs can be recognized. The ingestion of 23 μg excess carbon-13 in the form of isotopically labelled aspirin is shown to perturb significantly the isotopic composition of the acidic urine fraction which, for a 24 hour collection period, had a mass of 570 mg C. Because only 0.01% of the fraction was consumed by isotopic analysis, further extensive analysis would be possible. It is concluded that carbon-13 tracer experiments generally should be arranged to provide at least 5 × 10-5 g excess 13C/g carbon in any fraction which is to be used for lable detection.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010510
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    A method of analysis of dansylamides in mixtures by mass spectrometryAbbreviation: Dansyl = dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulphonyl. (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 363-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of a mixture twenty dansyl derivatives of biogenic amines were run using low energy electron impact. This method appears to be useful for the analysis of amines present in biological materials.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010514
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  • 72
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    Masthead (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010601
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  • 73
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    Mass spectrometric studies of thyroxine and related compounds. Trimethylsilyl derivatives (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 374-380 
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    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of the trimethylsilyl derivatives of thyroxine and sixteen related compounds are reported. In addition to deiodinated analogues and iodinated tyrosines, the latter include a series of thyroacetic and thyropropionic acids and one thyroformic acid compound. Their spectra are discussed in terms of their fragmentation and utility for qualitative and quantitative estimation by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010603
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  • 74
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    Mass spectrometry of the methyl ethers of isomeric hydroxychlorobiphenyls - potential metabolites of chlorobiphenyls (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 386-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of synthetic methoxychlorobiphenyls have been investigated. These substances are of interest as reference compounds in studies of the metabolism of chlorobiphenyls. Some characteristic fragmentation patterns have been found, useful for differentiation between the 2-, 3- and 4-methoxychlorobiphenyl isomers. Thus, mass spectra of 2-methoxychlorobiphenyls show large fragments at [M - CH3Cl]+., while those of 4-methoxy compounds differ from 3-methoxy isomers by the presence of significant [M - CH3]+ fragments in the former.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010605
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  • 75
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    Identification of explosives by chemical ionization mass spectrometry using water as reagentAbbreviations: HMX (Octogen) = 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazacyclooctane; RDX (Hexogen, Cyclonite) = 1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane; PETN = Pentaerythrytoltetranitrate. (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 393-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chemical ionization mass spectra of four explosive compounds have been obtained by using water as reagent gas. The compounds are 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazacyclooctane, 1,3,5-trinitor-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane, pentaerythritol tetranitrate, and an explosive which has been used in letter bombs, containing the two latter compounds and a plasticizer. The chemical ionization H2O mass spectra were recorded at an ion source temperature range of 170 to 225°C, a probe temperature range of 160 to 265°C and a reagent gas (H2O) pressure range of 0.07 to 0.10 Torr. Unlike in chemical ionization using methane or isobutane, chemical ionization H2O spectrum of these compounds provides a method for obtaining quasimolecular peaks. Adduct ion peaks like [M + H3O]+, [M + H5O2]+, [M + NO]+ and [M + NO2]+ are also observed in the chemical ionization H2O mass spectra of these compounds. Chemical ionization H2O mass spectra provide thus a better means of explosive identification.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010606
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  • 76
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    Carbon isotopic fractionations associated with acetic acid production by Acetobacter suboxydans (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 412-414 
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    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Acetobacter suboxydans, strain 8.3, was grown using ethanol, made by the hydration of ethylene, as the sole energy source. After the microorganism had oxidized some of the ethanol to acetic acid, the unassimilated alcohol and produced acetic acid were isolated from the supernatant. Carbon isotopic analyses of these compounds and the starting ethanol show: (1) the methyl carbon of the starting alcohol is enriched in carbon-13 by 4.6% relative to the hydroxyl carbon, (2) the starting alcohol contains 2% less carbon-13 than the unassimilated ethanol and (3) the carboxyl carbon of the acetic acid excreted by the A. suboxydans is enriched by 3.8% in carbon-13 relative to the methyl carbon. These results support earlier findings which indicate that organisms preferentially utilize compounds enriched in carbon-12 and tend to concentrate carbon-12 in the reduced carbons relative to the oxidized carbons of metabolic products.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Comparison of the field desorption, chemical ionization and electron impact mass spectra of some steroids (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 423-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electron impact, chemical ionization and field desorption mass spectra of seven steroids showing varying stability to electron impact have been compared.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010611
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    Letter to the editors (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 427-428 
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    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010613
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  • 79
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    News (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. ix 
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    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010615
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    Mass spectra of compounds of biological interest, Volume 1 to 3, edited and compiled by S. P. Markey, W. G. Urban and S. P. Levine. USAEC TID-26553-P1, 2, 3. National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, Virginia, 22161. 1974. pp. 1226. $28.80 (paper), $6.75 (microfiche) (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 428-428 
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    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010614
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  • 81
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    Masthead (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010101
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  • 82
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    Editorial (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. xi 
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    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010102
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    Separation and characterization of isomeric substituted nucleosides by gas chromatography and mass spectrometryAbbreviations used: TMS (trimethylsilyl); TFA (trifluoroacetyl); TBDMS (t-butyldimethylsilyl). (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 78-79 
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    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 3′- and 5′-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives of thymidine and deoxyadenosine have characteristically different mass spectra and can be separated by gas chromatography.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010116
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    The collection and analysis of volatile hydrocarbon air pollutants using a timed elution chromatographic technique linked to a computer controlled mass spectrometer (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 73-77 
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    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The difficulty of collecting volatile hydrocarbons, such as benzene, from street air in a form suitable for subsequent analysis is overcome by the use of a time-based elution procedure. By linking this technique to a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer-data system, a rapid analysis is possible for low concentrations of collected material. Among advantages of this novel sample introduction procedure are the facility for collecting organic materials without interference from water vapour and their subsequent introduction into the g.c.-m.s. system without the use of any auxiliary solvents. Consequently the mass spectrometer can be used continuously on-line enabling the more volatile materials, normally masked by solvents, to be examined. This procedure is illustrated by the measurement of benzene and other hydrocarbon levels in street air (London). Following gas chromatographic separation the hydrocarbons can be identified by library search facilities attached to the mass spectrometer.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010115
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  • 85
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    Forthcoming events (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. xiv 
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    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010119
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    News and events (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. xv 
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    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010120
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  • 87
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    Reagent gases for G.C.-M.S. analyses (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 96-102 
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    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Several reagent gases and mixed reagent gases for high pressure ion-molecule reaction ionization of samples have been investigated for use in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. The common g.c. carrier gases and their mixtures with other gases such as isobutane, ammonia, tetramethylsilane, hexafluoroacetone and nitric oxide, were studied. These reagents were used to enhance the molecular ion intensity and to simplify the spectra of steroidal alcohols and the trimethylsilyl ethers of biologically important compounds.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010203
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    Studies in organic mass spectrometry: XVSande, C. Van de; Vandewalle, M. Bull. Soc. Chim. Belges 1973, 82, 775. - mass fragmentographic identification of epinine in adrenal medulla and as a product of an in vitro enzymic methylation (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 103-108 
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    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The presence of epinine in adrenal medulla and in reaction mixtures of enzymic in vitro experiments is proven by mass fragmentography. Derivatization of catecholamines, suitable for gas chromatographic analysis is discussed. The perfluoropropionates were selected for mass fragmentography.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010204
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    Mass spectrometry of 16,16′-O-permethylated 17-ketosteroidsAbbreviations used: A (androsterone); EA (epiandrosterone); E (etiocholanolone); DHA (dehydroandrosterone); DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone); 11 OH-A (11 β-hydroxyandrosterone); 11 OH-E (11 β-hydroxyetiocholanolone). (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 109-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using methylsulphinyl carbanion as base. methylation of 17-ketosteroids with methyl iodide not only converts hydroxy into methoxy groups, but also replaces both C-16 hydrogen atoms by methyl groups. These permethyl derivatives are very stable, have excellent properties for gas chromatographic separation and fragment characteristically upor electron impact. The mass spectra of a number of these derivatives are discussed.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010205
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  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High resolution field desorption mass spectrometry: II - glycosides (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 120-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The high resolution field desorption mass spectra of a number of glycosides are described. In all cases the spectra enabled molecular weights and elemental formulae to be established, and the presence of fragment ions due to cleavage of the sugar groups provides considerable assistance in the identification of sugar and aglycone moieties. The [M + 23Na]+ ion was the base peak in the spectrum of the sodium salt of testosterone glucuronide, and the presence [M + 39K]+, [M + 41K]+ and [M + 23Na]+ ions in the spectra of other glycosides are attributed to the presence of their sodium or potassium salts as impurities.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010207
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  • 91
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    Direct (non-chromatographic) quantification of drugs and their metabolites from human plasma utilizing chemical lonization mass spectrometry and stable isotope labeling: Quinidine and lidocaineAbbreviations: MEGX = monoethylglycinexylidide; GX = glycinexylidide. (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 124-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Preliminary results are reported for the quantitative determination of the antiarrhythmic agents quinidine and lidocaine in human plasma by combined isobutane chemical ionization mass spectrometry and stable isotope labeling. The concentration of monoethylglycinexylidide, a known metabolite of lidocaine, was also determined using this method. In the procedure used, stable isotope analogs of the materials to be determined were added to serial plasma samples. The plasma was then made basic and extracted with benzene. The residue after evaporation of the solvent was placed directly into the mass spectrometer via the direct insertion probe and the spectrum determined. In this manner the above named compounds could readily be quantitated without recourse to either derivitization or further purification.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010208
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass spectrometric determination of butobarbitone and its metabolites in man (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 142-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The urinary excretion of butobarbitone and its metabolites has been studied quantitatively using combined gas chromatography-mass fragmentography, tuned to ions at m/e 169 and 184. After a single oral dose (200 mg) to healthy male volunteers, unchanged drug (7 to 9%), 3′-hydroxybutobarbitone (22 to 27%), 3′-oxobutobarbitone (14 to 18%) and the 3′-carboxylic acid (4 to 8%), were found. In all cases, the maximum rate of excretion was in or near the third 12 hour urine.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010211
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  • 93
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    Letter to the editors (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 156-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010214
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  • 94
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    Chemical ionization and high resolution electron impact mass spectra of 1,6-anhydro-3,4-O-isopropylidene-β-D-talopyranosePart of a series Specific Isotropic Labeling of Sugars: Applications in Mass-Spectral Analysis. For the previous report in this series. see Ref. 1. (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 145-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The high resolution, electron impact mass spectrum of 1,6-anhydro-3,4-O-isopropylidene-β-D-talopyranose, together with those of its derivatives having specific deuterium substitution at C-2, at C-3, at C-2 and C-3, and in the isopropylidene group, is considered in detail and compared with the ammonia and isobutane mediated chemical ionization spectra of these five compounds. From the elemental compositions of the fragment ions and mass number shifts upon deuterium incorporation, the origin of the hydrogen atoms in each of the fragments is traced, and a detailed scheme of the main fragmentation. pathways is presented.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010212
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  • 95
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    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010301
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  • 96
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    High resolution mass spectroscopic analysis of methylated tolbutomide derivatives (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 163-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The methyl derivative of tolbutamide, obtained by the action of dimethyl sulfate, has been subjected to g.c.-m.s. at high resolution. From the mass spectrum it is deduced that methylation of the sulfonamide nitrogen atom has occurred. During the loss of SO2 from the molecular ion, aryl rearrangement to both oxygen and nitrogen occurs in the ratio of 1:2.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010303
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  • 97
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    Electronic Resource
    Field desorption mass spectrometry of the B vitamins: Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, their phosphates, and thiamine (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 169-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Characterization of the B vitamins. pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, their phosphates and thiamine salts by electron impact mass spectrometry is difficult. A new technique, field desorption, is applied in ionizing these molecules for mass spectrometric analysis Characterization of these compounds by field desorption has the advantage that in each case the most intense peak in the spectrum is formed without fragmentation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010305
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  • 98
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    Mass spectrometry of synthetic oligopeptides N, O-permethylated, N-acetylated derivativesAbbreviation: DMF = dimethylformamide. (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 175-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mass spectra of a series of stable isotope derivatives aided a structure elucidation study of an amino acid amide (Tyr-NH2) and the following family of synthetic oligopeptides: Gly-Tyr-NH2, Gly-Gly-Tyr-NH2, Gln-Gly-Gly-Tyr-NH2, Gln-Gln-Gly-Gly-Tyr-NH2, Ala-Gln-Gln-Gly-Gly-Tyr-NH2, Ser-Ala-Gln-Gln-Gly-Gly-Tyr-NH2 and Lys-Ser-Ala-Gln-Gln-Gly-Gly-Tyr-NH2. This series of peptides was synthesized by classical methods. N,O-permethylated, N-acetylated derivatives were synthesized to provide sufficient volatility for mass spectrometry. Various combinations of stable isotope derivatives (CH3CO + CH3, CD3CO + CH3, CH3CO + CD3, CD3CO + CD3) confirmed proposed fragmentation pathways and corroborated hypothetical ion structures. This family of oligopeptides corresponds to the C-terminus of scotophobin.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010307
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  • 99
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    Phospholipids in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 195-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has been used to identify the phosphate diester backbones of two classes of phospholipids previously unrecognized in washings from human lungs. Washings were analyzed from two patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and also from two pairs of normal lungs washed postmortem. α-Glycerophosphorylglycerol and α-glycerophosphorylinositol were identified in all four cases following hydrolysis of the fatty acid esters and treatment with trimethylsilylating reagent.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010310
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  • 100
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    Electronic Resource
    Letter to the editors (1974)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1974), S. 207-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200010313
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