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  • Electronic Resource  (320)
  • Loose Leaf
  • 2010-2014
  • 1980-1984  (320)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1982  (320)
  • Engineering General  (260)
  • Electron microscopy
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  • Electronic Resource  (320)
  • Loose Leaf
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  • 2010-2014
  • 1980-1984  (320)
  • 1975-1979
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat of fusion and lamellar structure of polyethylene single crystal mats (1982)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 260 (1982), S. 564-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: lin. Polyethylene ; Single crystals ; Heat of Fusion ; DSC ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Recently published results for solution crystallized PE single crystals have shown, that the experimental heat of fusionΔH * is higher, if the solvent is exchanged to silicon oil (oil suspension samples) as compared with dried mats. This has been interpreted by the collapse of the original hollow pyramids during drying, inducing lateral defects within the lamellae. The present investigation does not confirm this unexpected result.ΔH * of dried mats (T c 66 to 91 °C) and of the corresponding oil suspension samples agree within the rather small limits of experimental error. The crystallinities as derived fromΔH *, density or WAXS are in excellent agreement. SEM micrographs of cold fractured dried mats show their spongy macromorphology, but TEM micrographs of stained ultra-thin sections reveal the lamellar morphology of the walls, consisting of curved lamellae and stacked hollow pyramides. If a dried mat is sintered at room temperature, a dense transparent film is obtained with a rather regular stacked morphology of large flat lamellae.ΔH * of these films agrees with that of the original mat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01422587
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macromolecular transport in the spiral prominence (1982)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 236 (1982), S. 41-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Prominentia spiralis cochleae ; Meerrettichperoxidase ; Elektronenmikroskopie ; Inner ear spiral prominence ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Transport of macromolecules in the spiral prominence of the guinea pig was studied after perilymphatic and intravenous horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injection. HRP was taken up by the spiral prominence epithelium from the perilymphatic space and in a much higher degree from the endolymphatic space. A highly endocytic ativity was shown by the stroma cells surrounding the spiral prominence vessel. HRP particles were stored in the cytoplasm within vesicles and vacuoles of different sizes and different contrasts. The mode of tracer storage in the spiral prominence epithelium and in the stroma cells from the morphological point of view suggests lysosomal digestion. HRP was transported from the perilymphatic space into the spiral prominence vessel lumen by means of vesicular transport through the vessel wall, while transport of the tracer from the vessel lumen into the perilymphatic space after intravenous injection was not observed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nach perilymphatischer und intravenöser Applikation von Meerrettichperoxidase wurde der Transport des Makromoleküls in der Prominentia spiralis des Meerschweinchens verfolgt. Die Tracer-Partikelchen wurden aus dem perilymphatischen Raum und vornehmlich jedoch aus dem Ductus cochlearis in das Oberflächenepithel der Prominentia spiralis aufgenommen. Die das Vas prominens umgebenden Stromazellen nahmen relativ viel Meerrettichperoxidase auf, die im Zytoplasma in unterschiedlich großen und unterschiedlich kontrastreichen Vesikeln und Vakuolen abgelagert wurde. Die Art der zytoplasmatischen Ablagerung des Tracers in den Epithelzellen und den Stromazellen spricht vom morphologischen Aspekt her für einen lysosomalen Abbau. Meerrettichperoxidase wurde von der Perilymphe in das Lumen des Vas prominens transportiert. Dieser Transport erfolgte vesikulär durch das Gefäßendothel. Ein Transport des Tracers in umgekehrter Richtung wurde nach intravenöser Applikation nicht beobachtet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00464056
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elektronenmikroskopische Befunde am Bindegewebe von Nervus und Ganglion vestibuli bei Morbus Menière (1982)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 236 (1982), S. 67-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Menière's disease ; Vestibular nerve ; Vestibular ganglion ; Pathologic alterations ; Electron microscopy ; Morbus Menière ; Nervus vestibularis ; Ganglion vestibuli ; Pathologische Veränderungen ; Elektronenmikroskopie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Vestibularisganglien von 17 Patienten mit einem Morbus Menière wurden nach transtemporaler oder translabyrinthärer Neurektomie elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Als Vergleichsmaterial dienten drei Ganglien, die bei anderer Indikation entnommen wurden und vier postmortale Entnahmen von Ohrgesunden. Bei allen Menière-Präparaten zeigten sich am Bindegewebe gleichartige pathologische Veränderungen von unterschiedlich starkem Ausmaß. Sie bestanden in einer Zunahme des Kollagens, wobei sowohl unterschiedliche Kaliber des Faserquerschnittes als auch Veränderungen der Periodizität der Querstreifung beobachtet wurden. Aktive Fibroblasten und reaktive Schwannsche Zellen, die isoliert lagen, keinem Axon zugeordnet waren und deren z. T. hirschgeweihförmig verzweigte, dünne Zellausläufer Kollagenbündel umhüllten, wurden als Zeichen einer noch ablaufenden Kollagenbildung gedeutet. Die Blutgefäße wiesen häufig eine Vervielfachung der Basalmembran auf, die von einem mehrfach breiteren Saum einer homogenen Matrix umgeben war. Die Perizyten waren oft entweder nekrotisch oder teilweise nicht mehr zu beobachten. Die Endothelzellen wiesen in der Regel kein aktives Zytoplasma auf. Sie erschienen teilweise autolytisch. Die pinozytotische Aktivität erwies sich als auffallend verringert. Diese qualitativen Veränderungen im interstitiellen Gewebe könnten auf ein primär lokales pathologisches Geschehen im Bereich des Nerven und des Ganglions hinweisen.
    Notes: Summary Vestibular ganglia of 17 patients with Menière's disease, obtained by transtemporal or translabyrinthine neurectomy, were studied by electron microscopy. Three ganglia removed because of other disease and four ganglia of normal ears taken post mortem served as controls. The neuronal fibrous tissue of Menière cases showed without exception pathologic changes of various extent. The amount of collagen was increased, whereby different fiber diameters were observed as well as changes in the periodicity of cross banding. Signs of continuing collagen formation were found: active fibroblasts and an increased number of isolated Schwann cells without axons, showing deerhorn-like ramifications which enveloped collagen bundles. The blood vessels were frequently surrounded by multiple basal membranes and broad bands of homogenous matrix. The pericytes were either necrotic or nonexistent. The endothelial cell cytoplasma was usually not in an active state. Sometimes it seemed to be autolytic. The pinocytotic activity was strikingly diminished. These qualitative changes of the interstitial tissue might point to a local pathologic event in the region of the vestibular nerve and ganglion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00464059
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chordoid sarcoma (extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma) (1982)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 399 (1982), S. 61-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Chordoid sarcoma ; Chondrosarcoma ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Evaluation of a series of 12 chordoid sarcomas suggests that there is a wider range of histological features in this entity then previously appreciated. Six of the lesions had a typical tumor cell organization and a mixture of cellular and myxoid stromal components, while the remaining cases were atypical because of a more solid growth pattern. Four of the 12 cases, that included both typically myxoid and more cellular examples, had small foci with hyalinized stroma segragating individual or small groups of tumor cells with and without lacunar spaces. Two atypical cases revealed more extensive and obvious chondrocytic differentiation in recurrent or metastatic lesions and in one of these, the histological pattern was that of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Ultrastructural examination of three cases revealed fine structural features of both the tumor cell population and extracellular matrix compatible with chondrocytic differentiation. Results of light and electron microscopy of this series of chordoid sarcoma add further support for categorizing this tumor with other malignant chondrocytic neoplasms. It is probable that chordoid sarcoma and extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma represent the same entity and that this lesion has a close histogenetic relationship to mesenchymal chondrosarcoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00666219
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adenoma of the human pituitary producing growth hormone and thyrotropin (1982)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 395 (1982), S. 59-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Adenohypophysis ; Electron microscopy ; Growth hormone ; Immunocytology ; Pituitary adenoma ; Thyroid-stimulating hormone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A pituitary adenoma removed by surgery from a 22-year-old man was studied by histology, immunocytology, transmission electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy. Clinically, the patient had acromegaly and euthyroidism with elevated blood GH concentrations. Blood TSH and T4 levels were within the normal range. Histologically, the adenoma was chromophobic and exhibited no PAS, lead hematoxylin, aldehyde thionin or Grimelius silver positivity. By the immunoperoxidase technique GH, β-TSH and α-subunit but no PRL, ACTH, α-endorphin, β-FSH or β-LH were demonstrated in the adenoma cells. Electron microscopy revealed adenoma cells which were similar to TSH cells and showed no resemblance to GH cells of nontumorous pituitaries or GH-secreting tumors. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated GH and β-TSH in the secretory granules. It is concluded that pituitary adenomas composed of TSH-like cells may secrete GH, resulting in acromegaly. Production of GH by adenomatous TSH cells cannot be explained on the basis of the one cell- one hormone theory. The question is raised whether bihormonal or multihormonal clones, capable of synthesizing more than one hormone, exist in the human pituitary. These cells are apparently dormant under normal conditions, but in the course of neoplastic transformation may undergo functional dedifferentiation and acquire the ability to produce two or more different hormones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00443484
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endothelium and “silver lines” (1982)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 395 (1982), S. 133-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Endothelium ; Permeability ; Electron microscopy ; Electrolytes ; Silver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The significance of endothelial “silver lines” was studied by TEM in rat aortas after perfusion with glutaraldehyde followed by silver nitrate. Standard TEM technique proved unsatisfactory (coarse silver granules, imprecise localization, artefacts). Exposure of the silver-treated aortas to photographic fixer markedly improved the image of the deposits leaving fine, stable, uniform “residual granules” about 100 Å in diameter. Most of these granules were localized along the intercellular junctions; they also tended to pool in the basement membrane beneath each junction. This image suggests that the Ag+ ions pass through the junction, and react with its contents as well as with the basement membrane beyond it. A scheme is proposed to explain the reaction of Ag+ ions with anions and negatively charged radicals within the junction. It is concluded that the “silver lines” represent not only a histochemical effect, but also the visualization of a transendothelial electrolyte pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429607
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of human fibrosing alveolitis (1982)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 395 (1982), S. 181-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Lung disease ; Electron microscopy ; Interstitial pneumonia ; Fibrosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This report describes the ultrastructural findings in 37 patients who underwent open lung biopsy which yielded diagnoses of fibrosing alveolitis. A spectrum of lesions are categorized for the capillary endothelium and its basement membrane, the interstitial space and its fibrocellular components, and the alveolar epithelium and its basement membrane. The findings typify the different pulmonary cellular reactions to injury. Evidence for cellular regeneration and death in both epithelial and endothelial cell populations include atypical epithelial cell proliferation, capillary basement membrane multilamination, decrease in capillary lumen size and prominent pericytic ensheathment of pulmonary capillaries. Within the interstitium of the lung, proliferation of collagen and elastic fibers are documented, but in addition, abundant myofibroblasts and smooth muscle cells are present. No ultrastructural evidence of immune complex deposition was found in this study. The morphologic findings of fibrosing alveolitis further support the widespread concept that the lung responds to various injuries in a similar manner and undergoes a common reparative response regardless of etiology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429611
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary sarcoma of the gallbladder (1982)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 396 (1982), S. 91-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Primary gallblader sarcoma ; Electron microscopy ; Histopathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six Swedish cases of primary sarcoma of the gallbladder from the period 1958–1973 and 1 case from 1975 were studied by light and electron microscopy. The literature was reviewed for the period after 1970. Ultrastructural features of sarcoma were investigated in order to exclude poorly differentiated carcinoma. One case was considered to be an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, three cases leiomyosarcoma and two were diagnosed as fibrosarcoma. One case, diagnosed as sarcoma of the gallbladder by light microscopy, was omitted because electron microscopical examination revealed a squamous cell carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428502
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arrest and extravasation of neoplastic cells (1982)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 396 (1982), S. 73-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Human malignant cells ; K-562 cell line ; Vascular arrest ; Endothelial attrition ; Extravasation ; Nude and lasat mice ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphological aspects of the arrest and extravasation of malignant cells of human origin (K-562 cell line) in the lungs of athymic (nude) and asplenic-athymic (lasat) mice were studied by electron microscopy examination of serial sections. The specimens were obtained at sequential stages after the sc inoculation into newborn mice of 107 malignant cells. K-562 cells (105) were also injected iv into control groups of nude and lasat mice to assess the influence of the route of inoculation on the in vivo behavior of K-562 cells. Our results demonstrated that K-562 cells were arrested and proliferated within the pulmonary capillaries without the participation of platelets or fibrin. The neoplastic cells extravasated by attrition and penetration of the endothelium (rather than by diapedesis) and continued to proliferate in the interstitial tissue of the lung, developing into neoplastic nodules. Following iv injection, K-562 cells induced the formation of platelet-tumor cell aggregates within the pulmonary capillaries. However, under these conditions, the neoplastic cells did not adhere to the endothelium nor did they proliferate or extravasate. These aggregates were flushed out by the circulation, restoring the permeability of the capillaries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428501
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ultrastructural and morphometric study of bladder tumours (II) (1982)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 396 (1982), S. 291-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Bladder neoplasms ; Measurement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bladder tissues from 3 groups of patients were examined, using the light and electron microscopes (LM and TEM). One group of patients had a history of well-differentiated papillary transitional cell carcinomas and specimens were taken from cystoscopically normal areas. In a second group frank papillary carcinoma was biopsied. Finally, patients with no history of urothelial tumours and a normal cystoscopic appearance were biopsied during investigations for various benign conditions and these served as controls. In tissues from the first two groups certain differences were seen when these were compared to the controls and the frequency of these was significant. Light microscopic examination of 0.5 μ toluidine blue stained sections revealed an increased number of immature, small dark cells in the superficial layer of the epithelium (P〈0.001). Electron microscopic examination showed that in place of the characteristic asymmetric unit membrane of mature superficial cells, the surface was frequently covered with microvilli and the junctional complexes were often atypical. There was an increased number of abnormalities in the basal lamina (P〈0.001). These features were seen in the absence of cystoscopic and light microscopic changes in three out of eight patients with a history of tumours. It is, therefore, suggested that these are the earliest detectable morphological abnormalities in the pre-neoplastic urothelium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431388
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of a virilizing ovarian Leydig-cell-tumor (1982)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 397 (1982), S. 17-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Ovarian tumor ; Hilus cell tumor ; Leydig cell tumor ; Virilism ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of virilizing ovarian hilus cell tumor (Leydig-cell tumor) in a 37 year old female was studied by light and electron microscopy. The ultrastructural features of this rare and almost allways benign tumor are compared with those reported in the literature and with findings in normal and neoplastic interstitial cells of the testis. Tubulovesicular hyperplasia and formation of whorl structures of the endoplasmatic reticulum together with the presence of exocytosis vesicles on the cell surface may be the morphological manifestation of endocrine activity of the tumor. The identity of ultrastructural and optical diffraction characteristics of the crystal inclusions in both cells (hilar and testicular interstitial) favours the assumption of an homology of both cells and their neoplasms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430890
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synovial sarcoma arising in an anatomical bursa (1982)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 397 (1982), S. 93-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Biphasic synovial sarcoma ; Semitendinosus bursa ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In previous studies, the origin of synovial sarcoma directly from synovium has not been satisfactorily established. This case report describes the light and electron microscopic features of a biphasic synovial sarcoma occurring within the popliteal fossa. At surgery, a cystic mass was identified in relationship to the semitendinosus tendon at the anatomical site of the semitendinosus bursa. The tumour originated from the inner surface of the bursa as multiple papillary projections with no evidence of extension beyond the capsule of the bursa. Portions of the synovial surface were hyperplastic but otherwise normal. The findings indicate that biphasic synovial sarcoma can arise directly from synovium and support the hypothesis of a mesenchymal histogenesis for this tumour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430896
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tumor of mesonephric origin in a diverticulum of the urethra (1982)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 397 (1982), S. 335-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Bladder neoplasm ; Mesonephric origin ; Urethral diverticulum ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of a rare tumor arising in a diverticulum of the urethra was studied. Light microscopy revealed the typical structures of mesonephric tumor with obvious infiltration of the muscularis. Electron microscopic appearance indicated that the tumor cells were immature and not totally characteristic of any tissue of origin. Apart from appearances suggesting rapid growth, cellular inclusions of various appearance were found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00496574
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on the ultrastructure of human urothelium: The response of normal bladder of elderly subjects to hyperthermia (1982)
    Springer
    Urological research 10 (1982), S. 227-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Human ; Bladder urothelium ; Electron microscopy ; Hyperthermia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An electron microscopic study of normal bladder urothelium of elderly subjects treated by hyperthermic perfusions has shown that the tissue responds, sooner or later, in every instance by desquamation. There is no evidence of cell death prior to desquamation although various organelles undergo structural alterations. Mitochondria are especially prone to suffer varying degrees of damage. A short heat shock has revealed differences in the initial response of the thick and thin regions of bladder urothelium known to occur in elderly subjects. After a long, fractionated treatment, regeneration is evident within 3 daysof the end of treatment, and follow-up biopsies have revealed a hyperplastic urothelium within 10 to 12 weeks. The constituent cells show signs of cytodifferentiation at this time but it remains unknown when an ultrastructurally normal urothelium with characteristic cell layers will be restored. The various treatments in this study suggest that the stem cells in the epithelium are unaffected by the levels of hyperthermia employed and that their unimpaired proliferative capacity ensures regeneration of the urothelium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255928
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of tetraphenylporphinesulfonate (TPPS) on muscle end-plates in mice (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 56 (1982), S. 201-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Muscle end-plates ; Porphyric neuropathy ; Electron microscopy ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Motor end-plates were studied in mice at various intervals after a single injection of a synthetic porphyrin, tetraphenylporphinesulfonate (TPPS). Ultrastructurally, excess accumulation of neurofilaments constituted the earliest abnormality. These were followed by atrophy of many nerve terminals and their separation from the postsynaptic area by interposed separation from the postsynaptic area by interposed Schwann cells. Five to 8 months after the injection some postsynaptic areas showed denervation and atrophy. These progressive changes in the nerve terminals were accompanied by secondary changes in the subneural apparatus. Morphometric analysis revealed marked atrophy of the end-plates and significant swelling of preterminal axons. The present findings are suggestive of partial denervation of muscle, occurring after the injection of a synthetic porphyrin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690636
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intra-astrocytic glycogen granules and corpora amylacea stain positively for polyglucosans: A cytochemical contribution on the fine structural polymorphism of particulate polysaccharides (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 57 (1982), S. 99-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Polyglucosan bodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A cytochemical procedure for polysaccharides was carried out on a brain biopsy specimen, the thin-section study of which had shown excess glucogen granules and the corpora amylacea variety of polyglucosan bodies. Both granules and amyloid bodies were stained positively in contrast to the remaining structures of the brain tissue which remained unstained. This demonstrates that β-granules as well as filamentous and amorphous components of amyloid bodies are just different aspects of the polysaccharide molecule. Up to now the same kind of cytochemical evidence has been supplied for Lafora bodies of human material and Lafora-like bodies of rat material. The present study on corpora amylacea of human material shows that amyloid. Lafora, and Lafora-like bodies all behave the same way when stained for polysaccharides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685376
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spongiform-like changes in Alzheimer's disease (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 56 (1982), S. 146-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ; Spongiform changes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural study of the cortex of four patients with sporadic or familial AD, of two agematched controls without dementia, and of one normal pressure hydrocephalus, revealed in all the cases in the neuropil only occasional vacuoles which had a morphology similar to those observed in CJD. The degree of spongiform-like changes was, however, far less prominent than in CJD and considered mild in all the cases examined. Moreover, curled fragments of membranes within the vacuoles were not observed. It is suggested that the mild vacuolization of the neuropil occasionally observed in cortical biopsies of AD is a non-specific finding and cannot be considered a neuropathologic link between AD and CJD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690586
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Central neurocytoma (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 56 (1982), S. 151-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Central neuronal tumor ; Third ventricle tumor ; Synapses ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The authors report two cases of a rare tumor in adults which were inserted on the fornix and caused a frontal syndrome. By light microscopy, the tumors, highly calcified, were composed of small clear cells forming dense areas in a patchy fibrillary stroma. Electron microscopy revealed a striking neuronal differentiation with numerous synapses. These tumors, for which the term neurocytomas was proposed, were compared with the other CNS neuronal tumors described in the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690587
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oculopharyngeal dystrophy: Ultrastructure of muscles distant from the primary myopathy (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 57 (1982), S. 7-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy ; Electron microscopy ; Pectoral and psoas muscles ; Myofibrillar degeneration ; A band fragmentation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pectoral and psoas muscles from a 72-year-old man afflicted with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy were processed at autopsy for electron microscopy. The ultrastructural analyses of the pectoral muscle showed myofibrils which exhibited Z line streaming and a general breakdown in the organization of the sarcomere. In addition, some of the myofibrils displayed sites of degeneration at the center of the A band. The changes in the psoas muscles which are distant from the primary myopathic loci of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy were more extensive than that seen in the pectoral muscle. Control tissues showed intact myofibrils and little postmortem alteration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688872
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Feinstruktur der Nervenendigungen in den Muskelspindeln des M. lumbricalis der Ratte nach Durchschneidung des Nerven (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 57 (1982), S. 23-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Muscle spindle ; Electron microscopy ; Nerve endings ; Denervation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The nerve endings in muscle spindles from lumbricalis muscles of the hindpaw of the rat were studied by electron microscopy from 10 h to 7 days after section of the sciatic nerve. No sensory endings were found after 5 days and no motor endings after 3 days. Early changes in sensory endings included accumulation of lamellar bodies, mitochondrial swelling or shrinkage, an edematous appearance of the cytoplasm and disruption of membranes. The predominant way of removal was phagocytosis by activated mesenchymal cells; other endings were incorporated into the sarcoplasm as electrondense bodies. Early changes in motor endings included aggregation or swelling of synaptic vesicles, swelling or shrinkage of mitochondria, edematous change of the cytoplasm and disruption of membranes. The predominant way of removal was incorporation into the cytoplasm of adjacent Schwann cells and degradation to phagolysosomes. Sites of removed sensory endings could be identified by basement membrane reduplication, while the intact subsynaptic apparatus of removed motor endings was either loosely covered by Schwann cell processes, or by fibrillar material, or appeared empty. The differences in the removal of motor and sensory endings are explained by the differences in their anatomic structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688874
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electron-microscopic study of the brain of the fruit fly,Drosophila melanogaster, exposed to high-LET krypton (84Kr) particle radiation (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 57 (1982), S. 37-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Radiation effects ; Nervous system ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) were exposed to high-LET krypton (84Kr) ions at low (4.2 rad) and high (1,584 rad) doses and killed to assess acute (36 h post-exposure) and late (35 days post-exposure) effects in the brain by means of electron microscopy. The main findings were: (a) glycogen granules appeared in the neuroglial compartment 36 h after exposure to either dose and were no longer present in flies killed 35 days later, (b) neuronal alterations (swelling and membrane disruption) were observed 35 days after exposure to both doses, (c) changes in the neuroglia (electron-dense masses of concentrically arranged membranous structures) were seen 35 days after exposure. The data are discussed in relation to previous research in the fruit fly using argon (40Ar) charged particles and to other radiation studies performed in the mammalian brain with the view of using the insect brain as a model for detailed study of radiation effects on neurons, neuroglia, and the neuron-neuroglia unit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688875
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hirano bodies in myelinated fibers of hepatic encephalopathy (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 58 (1982), S. 307-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Hirano body ; Hepatic encephalopathy ; Oligodendroglia ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Inclusions, essentially identical to Hirano bodies, were observed in the substantia nigra, dentate nuclei, and frontal lobes in three autopsy cases of hepatic encephalopathy. Similar inclusions were not observed in these areas in nine controls. The inclusions were mainly seen in the inner loops of the myelinated fibers, between the myelin lamellae, and among degenerated myelin sheaths. The same inclusions were rarely observed in postsynaptic terminals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688615
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The permeability alteration of brain and spinal cord vasculature to horseradish peroxidase during experimental decompression sickness as compared to the alteration in permeability induced by hyperosmolar solution (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 57 (1982), S. 179-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Decompression sickness ; Hypertonic solutions ; Blood-brain barrier ; Blood-spinal cord barrier ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The permeability of microvasculature in the cerebral cortex, neostriatum, and spinal cord to i. v. injected horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been investigated in rats following experimental compression to 6.1 bars (abs.) air for 90 min, and subsequent decompression to the ambient pressure in 1 min. For comparison, 1 ml of 2.0 M urea was injected into the right common carotid artery of rats during 15 s. After exposure to compression-decompression, under the light microscope focal leaky areas were found in all the regions examined. The leakage was most prominent in the grey matter of the spinal cord, and the cerebral cortex. In decompressed rats, arterioles were most often the site of peroxidase extravasation, whereas extravasation of HRP was less frequently displayed by capillaries and venules. In urea-treated rats, capillaries and venules frequently displayed extravasation of HRP as well. Parenchymal cells accumulated the trace adjacent to the leaky areas. Under the electron microscope, the extravasation of HRP was associated with peroxidase-containing pleomorphic vesicular structures in the endothelium, both in decompressed and urea-injected rats. Moreover, in contrast to decompressed rats, the junctions between endothelial cells were penetrated by the trace in urea-treated rats. Accordingly, the results indicate that during decompression sickness the pathway for the extravasation of proteins is through vesicular transfer, whereas the injection of hyperosmolar urea induces extravasation, both through vesicular transfer and junctions between the endothelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685387
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Muscle fiber type morphology and distribution in paraplegic patients with traumatic cord lesion (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 57 (1982), S. 243-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Skeletal muscle ; Paraplegia ; Complete spinal cord lesion ; Histopatology ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Biopsies of the rectus femoris muscle of 22 paraplegic patients with complete acute spinal cord transection due to trauma were taken for enzyme-histochemical and electron-microscopic studies in successive stages starting from the occurrence of the accident (1–17 months). Ingravescent muscular atrophy was demonstrated with a progressive decrease in the fiber diameter and changes in the fiber type distribution with predominant type II atrophy in the first stage and type I atrophy in the later stage of the cord transection. Muscular “neurogenic” changes, such as angular dark atrophic fibers, targetoid fibers, and type predominance are frequently observed. Myopathic alterations are observed in a low percentage in the later stages of the lesion. The ultrastructural findings are characterized by myofibrillar alterations and by dilatation and proliferative phenomena of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and T-system. There are ingravescent accumulation of lipid, interstitial fibrosis and microcirculatory alterations. The possible mechanism of “central” muscle atrophy is reviewed and discussed with reference to the morphological findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692178
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructural development of distal nephron segments in the human fetal kidney (1982)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 164 (1982), S. 19-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Human kidney ; Nephron development ; Distal segments ; Electron microscopy ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural development of the human distal nephron was studied in fetuses 14–18 weeks of gestational age. The three-dimensional course of the nephrons was traced in serial semi-thin sections. Single semi-thin sections containing defined distal nephron segments were then reembedded, thin-sectioned and analyzed by electron microscopy. In stage I (renal vesicle) and stage II (S-shaped body) epithelial cells were essentially similar in ultrastructure. In stage III there were only minor variations in cell ultrastructure between distal nephron segments, but distinct differences were observed between proximal and distal tubule cells, the former being the most differentiated. The segments which are present in nephrons of adult kidneys could be identified in stage IV and some ultrastructural differences recognized between the cells. However, the amplification of the baso-lateral membrane, which is prominent in iontransporting mature distal segments, was almost absent and the baso-lateral membrane area per unit tubule length was similar in all distal segments. Intercalated cells were present towards the end of the distal convoluted and in the connecting tubule in stage IV but the ampulla of the collecting tubule was composed of cells with a uniform ultrastructure. Cell ultrastructure varied again to some extent in the collecting tubule. The present observations demonstrate that distal nephron segments in the human kidney are structurally undifferentiated in the early fetal development and suggest that they only to a limited extent are capable of modifying the composition of the tubular fluid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301876
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoglobulin production and secretion in bence jones protein myeloma and “nonsecretory” myeloma (1982)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 45 (1982), S. 121-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Multiple myeloma ; Immunoglobulin ; Electron microscopy ; Fluorescent antibody technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using our electron microscopic method for polysome analysis and an immunofluorescent technique we studied Ig production and secretion by tumor cells in seven BJP myeloma patients and seven “nonsecretory” myeloma patients. In BJP myeloma Ig production and secretion is of three types: Type 1, only L-chains are synthesized and secreted; Type 2, the myeloma cells show fluorescence for H-chains, but upon polysome analysis there is no peak at polysomes corresponding to H-chain production; Type 3, the myeloma cells show fluorescence for H-chains, and polysome analysis shows two peaks corresponding to L- and H-chain production. Polysome analysis of “nonsecretory” myelomas show the presence of only very few membrane-bound polysomes and their distribution curves are entirely different from those of “ordinary” myeloma. Furthermore, the distribution patterns vary among seven cases. Results obtained by polysome analysis and immunofluorescent technique suggest that the “nonsecretory” myeloma could be divided into several subtypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319940
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tubular aggregates in skeletal muscle of chronic alcoholic patients (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 56 (1982), S. 250-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Skeletal muscle ; Chronic alcoholism ; Tubular aggregates ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The presence of tubular aggregates (TA) in type II muscle fibers in two of 20 alcoholic patients with chronic liver disease, and with no apparent neuromuscular disorder, is reported. The localization, histochemical reactions, and ultrastructural features of the TA are similar to those previously described in other conditions. In one of the two cases TA were demonstrated by E/M observations only and not by histochemistry. No correlations were found between the biochemical changes and the presence of tubular aggregates. We believe that TA are long-standing structures since the muscle biopsies were performed 12 and 13 days after the ingestion of alcohol had been discontinued. They may represent a non-specific response of the sarcoplasmic reticulum to compensate for the deficient calcium uptake reported in alcoholic patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691255
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebrovascular pathogenesis in the telencephalon of the loop-tail mouse: A transmission electron-microscopic study (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 58 (1982), S. 177-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebral vessels ; Telencephalon ; Looptail mutant mouse ; Pathogenesis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cerebral capillaries in the telencephalon of normal (+/+;Lp/+)_and abnormal (Lp/Lp) loop-tail mutant mice were studied chronologically by means of electron microscopy at stages ranging from 15 through 18 days of gestation. In the abnormal tissue, neural rosettes were common, and cellular material and red blood cells were often contained within the lumen of the rosettes. The endothelial cells of telencephalic blood vessels in the abnormal brains showed a persistence of cellular projections, subluminal vacuoles, and swollen mitochondria beyond the stage when these features ordinarily disappear in normal embryonic cerebral vessels. The endothelial cells in the abnormal brains also failed to become fully invested with pericytes, and red blood cells gradually infiltrated the neural tissue, particularly in subependymal regions, at 16–18 days of gestation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690798
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of merkel cells after PUVA treatment (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 274 (1982), S. 373-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Merkel cell ; PUVA ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403744
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural evidence for inhibition of chitin synthesis by nikkomycin (1982)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 205-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Chitin inhibition ; Nikkomycin ; Cuticle ; Electron microscopy ; Epilachna varivestis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The nucleoside antibiotic nikkomycin has proved to be an effective inhibitor of chitin synthesis in the Mexican bean beetleEpilachna varivestis. Ultrastructural investigations show defects in the procuticular area after nikkomycin application which suggest the complete absence of chitin. A cuticle like this is inflexible and too brittle to satisfy its normal function as an exoskeleton. The individuals are not able to free themselves from the exuvia and finally die. Therefore nikkomycin seems to be a potential insecticide with high specifity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00848337
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term study of liver damage following subcutaneous injection of airborne particle extracts and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fractions (1982)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 49 (1982), S. 305-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ; Liver ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Female NMRI mice aged 9–12 weeks were each given a single subcutaneous injection of 0.5 ml of a suspension containing either the total extracts or the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fraction of airborne particles. Both the total extracts and PAH fractions contain 3 Vg benzopyrene. After about 15 months the livers were removed from the animals, which had by that time developed tumors at the injection site, and were subjected to ectronmicroscopical study. The essential alterations were observed in the nucleoli and the cell nuclei, which had greatly proliferated and exhibited irregular nuclear membranes. Advanced fibrosis was observed in central liver specimens of all groups. Marked alterations were also observed in the mitochondria and the mitochondria) cristae as well as in the bile canaliculi. Intracytoplasmic glycogen usually occurred densely clustered along the periphery of the cell. It may be concluded from the observations that both the total extract of atmospheric suspended particulate matter and the PAH fraction cause hematogenic damage to the liver following subcutaneous injection, a finding which cannot be interpreted as metastatic carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377939
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  • 32
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    Electronic Resource
    Biologic characterization of human bone tumors I. Ewing's sarcoma (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 104 (1982), S. 171-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Ewing's sarcoma ; Type IV collagen ; Factor-VIII-associated protein ; Endothelial differentiation ; Electron microscopy ; Immunofluorescence microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six cases of Ewing's sarcoma were investigated by electron and immunofluorescence microscopy. A layer of basement membrane-like deposits was found between typical principal and secondary tumor cells. To clarify the nature of these ultrastructural deposits, antibodies against collagen type IV were applied to frozen sections of corresponding tumor tissue. This reaction revealed type IV collagen as a regular component of basement membranes in nonneoplastic tumor capillaries, but it was equally able to localize collagen type IV between single tumor cells in capillary-free areas. With the same method, factor-VIII-associated protein, predominantly found in endothelial cells, could be demonstrated in some tumor cells. These results demonstrate that, in addition to anaplastic cells, some tumor cells are found in Ewing's sarcoma that share certain differentiating features with the endothelial cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402065
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  • 33
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural pathology of human lymphocytes in lysosomal disorders: a contribution to their morphological diagnosis (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 138 (1982), S. 179-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Lymphocytes ; Metabolic disorders ; Inclusions ; Lysosomes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ultrastructural examination of peripheral lymphocytes was performed in 28 cases of various lysosomal diseases, including infantile, late infantile and juvenile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses (NCL), mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS), juvenile and adult metachromatic leukodystrophies (MLD), GM1-gangliosidosis, one patient with presumed mucolipidosis type IV, mucolipidosis type III, and glycogenosis type II. Based on our own observations on the ultrastructure of lymphocytes in lysosomal disorders, our results may be divided into the following 3 groups: 1. pathological findings with specific inclusions: each type of NCL, presumed mucolipidosis type IV, glycogenosis type II; 2. pathological findings with vacuoles: types I-H, II, III-A and III-B, IV, VI-A and VI-B of MPS, GM1-gangliosidosis; 3. apparently no pathological findings: juvenile and adult MLD, mucolipidosis type III, GM2-gangliosidosis, Gaucher disease. These results led us to conclude that morphological investigations utilizing lymphocytes do not always offer sufficient diagnostic information although easy accessibility favors diagnostic ultrastructural studies of lymphocytes. Such morphological studies should be supplemented by diagnostic biochemical methods.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00441150
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  • 34
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    Electronic Resource
    Comparative studies onChlorella cell walls: Induction of protoplast formation (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 132 (1982), S. 10-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Calcofluor White ; Cell wall structure ; Chlorella ; Electron microscopy ; Protoplast ; Ruthenium Red
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Among 12 strains ofChlorella ellipsoidea, C. vulgaris, andC. saccharophila tested, 4 strains (1,C. ellpsoidea; 2,C. vulgaris; 1,C. saccharophila) formed osmotically labile protoplasts after treatment with mixtures of polysaccharide degrading enzymes. The relationship between enzymatical digestibility and structure or composition ofChlorella cell walls were studied by electron microscopy and staining techniques with some specific dyes. The cell wall structures of the 12Chlorella strains were grouped into three types: (1) with a trilaminar outer layer, (2) with a thin outer monolayer, and (3) without an outer layer. Protoplasts were formed only from the strains with a cell wall of Type 2. In the strains with a cell wall of Type 1, the outer layer protected the inner major microfibrillar layer against enzymatic digestion. The cell wall of Type 3 was totally resistant to the enzymes; the chemical composition of the cell wall would be somewhat different from that of other types.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690809
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  • 35
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    Electronic Resource
    Thylakoid centers: Structures associated with the cyanobacterial photosynthetic membrane system (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 133 (1982), S. 97-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cyanobacteria ; Thylakoid centers ; Photosynthetic membranes/thylakoids ; Membranes ; Membrane biogenesis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An ultrastructural study of four cyanobacteria (Anabaena cylindrica, Dermocarpa violaceae, Gleocapsa alpicola, Pleurocapsa minor) indicates the presence of previously undescribed thylakoid centers from which photosynthetic membranes (thylakoids) radiate. These peripherally located thylakoid centers are cylinders 30 nm wide by 320 nm long, consisting of globular subunits oriented in nonparallel stacked arrays. Thylakoids are attached to the outer surface of the cylinder along its longitudinal axis. Thylakoid centers appear to be functionally significant due to their structure, location and thylakoid association.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00413518
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  • 36
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    Electronic Resource
    Cell wall degradation ofStaphylococcus aureus by lysozyme (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 131 (1982), S. 116-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cell wall ; Wall degradation ; Lysozyme ; Autolysines ; Electron microscopy ; Staphylococcus aureus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In contrast to former findings lysozyme was able to attack the cell walls ofStaphylococcus aureus under acid conditions. However, experiments with14C-labelled cell walls and ribonuclease indicated that, under these conditions, lysozyme acted less as an muralytic enzyme but more as an activator of pre-existing autolytic wall enzymes. Electron microscopic studies showed that under these acid conditions the cell walls were degraded by a new mechanism (i.e. “attack from the inside”). This attack on the cell wall started asymmetrically within the region of the cross wall and induced the formation of periodically arranged lytic sites between the cytoplasmic membrane and the cell wall proper. Subsequently, a gap between the cell wall and the cytoplasmic membrane resulted and large cell wall segments became detached and suspended in the medium. The sequence of lytic events corresponded to processes known to take place during wall regeneration and wall formation. In the final stage of lysozyme action at pH 5 no cell debris but “stabilized protoplasts” were to be seen without detectable alterations of the primary shape of the cells. At the same time long extended ribbon-like structures appeared outside the bacteria. The origin as well as the chemical nature of this material is discussed. Furthermore, immunological implications are considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01053992
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  • 37
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    Electronic Resource
    Human osteogenic sarcoma (1982)
    Springer
    International orthopaedics 6 (1982), S. 171-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5195
    Keywords: Osteosarcoma ; Electron microscopy ; Acid phosphate ; Alkaline phosphate ; Bone tumour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La morphologie de 26 sarcomes ostéogéniques a été étudiée par microscopie électronique et la localisation des phosphatases acide et alcaline a pu être précisée au niveau ultrastructural. Quatre différents types de cellules ont été mis en évidence dans les tumeurs: cellules d'aspect ostéoblastique, fibroblastique et chondroblastique, ainsi que des cellules géantes multinuclées. Les cellules d'aspect ostéoblastique étaient présentes dans presque toutes les tumeurs étudiées. Une activité phosphatasique acide a été trouvée dans les lysosomes de toutes les cellules étudiées. Une activité phosphatasique alcaline a été observée dans — ou sur — la membrane plasmatique et dans les vésicules associées des cellules d'aspect ostéoblastique et fibroblastique ainsi que des cellules géantes. L'abondance des produits de réaction de la phosphatase alcaline contrastant avec une faible activité phosphatasique acide est en accord avec la nature de cette tumeur ostéogénique. Les résultats de l'étude histochimique ont aidé à comprendre la pathobiologie des différentes cellules qui constituent les sarcomes ostéogéniques.
    Notes: Summary The morphology of 26 cases of osteogenic sarcoma was studied using electron microscopic techniques, and the localization of acid and alkaline phosphatase activity at the ultrastructural level elucidated. Four different cells were present in the tumours: osteoblast-like, fibroblast-like, chondroblast-like, and multinucleated giant cells. The osteoblast-like cell was present in most of the tumours studied. Acid phosphatase activity was present in lysosome-like structures of almost all the cell-types studied. Alkaline phosphatase activity was noted in or on the plasma membranes and associated vesicles of osteoblast-like, fibroblast-like, and multinucleated giant cells. The abundant reaction product deposition of alkaline phosphatase as compared with the lower acid phosphatase activity is in agreement with the nature of this bone-forming tumour. The results of the histochemical studies have added to the understanding of the pathobiology of the different cells composing osteogenic sarcomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00267727
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  • 38
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    Electronic Resource
    Sensory organs inIps typographus (Insecta: Coleoptera) — Fine structure of antennal sensilla (1982)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 111 (1982), S. 206-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Bark beetle ; Sensilla ; Chemoreceptors ; Mechanoreceptors ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The antennal sensilla inI. typographus are almost exclusively confined to the flattened terminal flagellar segment. The sensillar types have distinct distribution patterns in the three areas where they are found. Judging from the ultrastructural characteristics the following functions can be assigned to the sensillar types: chemoreception, single-walled and double-walled sensilla; chemoreception/mechanoreception, terminal-pore sensillum. Moreover there are two types of mechanoreceptors, one of which is connected to a bristle, whereas the other terminates within the cuticle of the flagellar segment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01281968
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  • 39
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    Electronic Resource
    Morphologische Untersuchungen zur Toxizität der Ethacrynsäure an der Prominentia spiralis (1982)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 236 (1982), S. 217-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Ethacrynic acid ; Spiral prominence ; Electron microscopy ; Ethacrynsäure ; Prominentia spiralis cochleae ; Elek tronenmikroskopie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nach einmaliger intravenöser Ethacrynsäure-Applikation (40 mg/kg Körpergewicht) wurden die ultastrukturellen Veränderungen in der Prominentia spiralis der Meerschweinchenschnecke nach Einwirkungszeiten zwischen 5 und 90 min untersucht. Nach einer initialen Schwellung der den Endolymphraum begrenzenden Epithelzellen entwickelte sich ein interzelluläres Ödem und eine ausgeprägte Schrumpfung der das Vas prominens umgebenden Stromazellen mit nachfolgender Erweiterung des Perivascularraumes. Während die Veränderungen in der Stria vascularis und der Prominentia spiralis im zeitlichen Verlauf sich weitgehend identisch entwickelten, setzte die Rückbildung zur normalen Ultrastruktur in der Prominentia spiralis früher ein.
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural changes in the guinea pig spiral prominence were studied at various times after a single intravenous injection of ethacrynic acid (40 mg/kg body-weight). Initial swelling of endolymph-facing epithelial cells was followed by dilatation of the intercellular spaces and marked shrinkage of the stroma cells surrounding the spiral prominence vessel. While the changes in the stria vascularis and the spiral prominence progressed at about the same pace, the regression to normal ultrastructure set in earlier in the spiral prominence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454213
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    Masthead (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180101
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    Discrete transfinite mappings for the description and meshing of three-dimensional surfaces using interactive computer graphics (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 41-66 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A system for describing three-dimensional surfaces in a form suitable for finite element analysis is described. The system makes extensive use of real-time interactive computer graphics techniques for both input and display. Discrete transfinite mappings are used as the mathematical basis for the surface representation. The mathematical basis and the reasons for choosing this form of representation are discussed. Explicit forms of the mappings based on Lagrange polynomial interpolation functions are presented. Finally, the interactive graphics procedures for defining finite element meshes are described.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180105
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    Investigation of highly accurate integration formulae for transient heat conduction analysis using the conjugate gradient method (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 99-109 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Two highly accurate implicit Padé approximations to the transient heat conduction equation are investigated using the conjugate gradient method to solve, for the temperatures. The accuracy and stability of the approximations are discussed and numerical examples are presented showing the relative performance. Comparisons with the Crank-Nicolson method are also presented.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180109
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    Obituary (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. i 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180202
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    Reduced integration and the shear-flexible beam element (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 195-210 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A clearer insight into the ‘shear locking’ phenomenon, which appears in the development of C0 continuous element using shear-flexible or penalty type formulations, is obtained by a careful study of the Timoshenko beam element. When a penalty type argument is used to degenerate thick elements to thin elements, the various approximations of the shear related energy terms act as different types of constraints and, depending on the formulation, two types of constraints which are classified as true or spurious may emerge. The spurious constraints, where they exist, are responsible for the ‘shear locking’ phenomenon, and its manifestation and elimination is demonstrated in a very simple example. The source of difficulty is shown to be the mathematical operations involved in the various shape function definitions and subsequent integration of functionals. It is seen that formulations that ensure only true constraints in the extreme penalty limit cases display far superior performance in the thick element situation as well, and thus guidelines for the development of efficient elements are drawn. A similar type of behaviour is observed in a shallow curved beam element and here ‘inplane locking’ can be eliminated by selective integration to obtain an improved curved beam element. However, ‘inplane locking’ does not cause a spurious constraint as the error quickly vanishes with the reduction of element size for a reasonable radius of curvature conforming with shallow shell theory.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180205
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    Announcements (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 321-322 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180214
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    On the rates of convergence of the finite element method (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 323-341 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The rate of convergence of the finite element method is a function of the strategy by which the number of degrees-of-freedom are increased. Alternative stragegies are examined in the light of recent theoretical results and computational experience.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180302
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    An ‘upwind’ finite element method via numerical intergration (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 381-396 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Upwind finite element schemes remove spurious oscillations that occur in the solution of diffusion convection equations. Up to now these schemes lose part of their accuracy when the Peclet is large. As an improvement, it is proposed to move the integration nodes along the ‘streamlines’ before evaluating the elementary convection matrices. The displacements of the nodes along the streamlines, which are one-dimensional manifolds, are calculated analogously to well-known one-dimensional formulae. The last section of this paper illustrates this new method with the help of four examples which show its validity.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180306
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    A warning against misuse of quarter-point elements (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 314-320 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Quarter-point elements are used very frequently for fracture mechanics computations, because the quarter-point technique yields the required singular interpolation without any modification to existing software. This advantage is particularly significant for three-dimensional stress intensity factor computations because of the difficulty of implementing other techniques. However, in practical 3-D applications, the crack front is usually curved, and this note proves that a crack front distortion leads to a negative Jacobian in the region surrounding the crack front. The numerical difficulties to be expected depend on the aspect ratio of the elements.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180212
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    A smoothing technique for reduced integration penalty methods in contact problems (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 343-350 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper presents a smoothing technique to the oscillated contact pressure obtained by penalty methods for a class of unilateral contact problems in linear elasticity. The main result is to show that the smoothed contact pressure satisfies the so-called Babuska-Brezzi condition which dominates the convergence of the penalty method. One numerical example is described.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180303
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    Use of screw translational symmetry for the vibration analysis of structures (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 435-444 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A method for the exploitation of screw translation symmetry for the vibration analysis of structures is presented. The method is capable of providing significant computational economies over the use of the lower axial translational symmetry of such structures.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180309
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    Discussion on a paper by Y-T. Leung (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 629-630 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180412
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    Announcement (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 632-634 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180415
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    Three-dimensional shape optimization (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 661-673 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Optimal structural desingn generally deals with frame or shell structures where the optimization is limited to resizing of structural members to obtain optimum cross-sections or thicknesses. Shape optimization solves another class of problems involving continuous structural components where the optimum shape (the shape of the boundaries and the surfaces of the components) is determined. This report describes shape optimization of three-dimensional structural components. The finite element method of analysis is used employing the 20-noded isoparametric element. The objective function, mass, is minimized by the direct use of nonlinear mathematical programming, specifically the feasible direction method. Numerical shape representation and the selection of design variables are the most important aspects of the problem. The problem is addressed from a practical standpoint and techniques are presented to minimize the number of desingn variables. Isoparametric representation of the surfaces and the numerical superposition of shapes are discussed. These techniques are compared and demonstrated on simple cantilever beams and their minimum mass designs are obtained. In one example, the optimum shape of a non-uniform cross-sectinal beam is obtained under stress constraint. The final design has a crosssectional shape varying over the length of the beam which could not be predicted using the bending theory of beams. One major difficulty encountered in some problems was that the shape changes during the optimization process may require a change in the finite element mesh because the initial configuration of the finite element mesh may result in very distorted elements for the new shape. The analyis with a mesh containing distorted elements may not be possible at all or the results of the analysis may be inaccurate.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180504
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    Some vector expansion functions for quadrilateral and triangular domains (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 727-735 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Vector functions having a constant or zero divergence over a quadrilateral domain are derived using a parametric co-ordinate formulation. Expansion functions with a constant curl, defined over parallelograms and triangles, which can be used in moments-based investigations of electromagnetic wave interactions with surfaces and apertures, are then obtained. Finally, two basis functions, which have appeared in the literature and have been used to solve field problems associated with rectangular apertures and arbitrary surfaces, are identified as special cases of these expansion functions.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180508
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    Plastic analysis of torsion of a prismatic beam (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 927-944 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Finite element formulation for stress analysis of a twisting beam is developed. The formulation is effective for a prismatic beam with solid section as well as a thin-walled beam, and can be applied both to a pure-torsion problem and a warping-torsion problem. The formulation is of a great advantage to an elastic-plastic torsion problem. The formulation does not stand on the assumption of a thin-walled structure, and therefore torsional rigidity of the section can be evaluated exactly without using the so-called Saint-Venant's torsional constant. Torsional rigidity is, in this paper, evaluated directly by a warping function of the section. Warping function is evaluated numerically due to shape of the section, due to progress of plastic region and due to effect of finite displacement (finite rotation, small strain). Pure-torsion and warping-torsion of a rectangular beam and an H-beam, which have an elastic-plastic material property, are analysed, and the extension to the finite displacement problem is discussed. Many numerical examples are provided in order to check the accuracy of the formulation.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180609
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    Announcements (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 955-957 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180614
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    Static analysis of shallow shells of arbitrary shape - a new approach (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 967-979 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A simple, efficient and economical numerical technique for the analysis of shallow shells-of arbitrary shape is presented. The technique is based upon the method of constant-deflection contours combined with the well-known finite element method. In the proposed method the elemental stiffness matrix is derived from a system of two consistent partial differential equations for two scalar functions using Galerkin's method. Several representative examples are included to indicate the effectiveness of the method.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180703
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    A block equation solver for large unsymmetric matrices arising in the boundary integral equation method (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 997-1017 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An equation solver for the large unsymmetric systems of linear equations arising in the application of the boundary integral equation method to problems of linear elasticity in homogeneous or piecewise homogeneous solids is presented. The solver uses Gaussian elimination. The advantages of the solver over many existing eliminational or iterational methods are that it ignores many of the large groups of zeros that occur in piecewise homogeneous work, and also restrains growth of the number of non-zero matrix entries. Memory requirements and computation times therefore are reduced for many piecewise homogeneous problems.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180705
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    Universal finite element matrices for tetrahedra (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1055-1061 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Methods are described for forming element matrices for a wide variety of operators on tetrahedral finite elements, in a manner similar to that previously employed for line segments and triangles. This technique models the differentiation and product-embedding operators as rectangular matrices, and produces finite element matrices by replacing all required analytic operations by their finite matrix analogues. The method is illustrated by deriving the conventional matrix representation for Laplace's equation. Computer programs are available, which generate universal finite element matrices for use in various applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180709
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    The optimum size of quarter-point crack tip elements (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1101-1103 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Ingraffea and Manu1 and Lynn and Ingraffea2 have shown that the size of the quarter-point elements can affect the computed elastic stress intensity factor. The nature of the effect is such that, all other details remaining constant, there is a particular crack tip element size which minimizes the error in the computed stress intensity factor. Here, size of element means the radial edge length. The reasons for this size dependence are discussed below. It will be seen that the discussion is in terms of the need to simultaneously represent the singular and finite stress terms in a given problem. The discussion has relevance to other formulations of crack tip elements.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180713
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    Another kind of numerical instabilities of the integral approach to the interior boundary-value problem for the two-dimensional Helmholtz equation (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1115-1130 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In a previous paper it has been proved by the author that the integral equations arising from the application of Green's formula to the Helmholtz equation in a limited domain can show a certain type of numerical instability, if a real Green's function is used. It has been also proved that such instabilities cannot arise if a complex Green's function is employed.However, it has been found in this latter case also that numerical instabilities can occur. This has been proved and thoroughly analysed for a circular domain, and a technique of avoiding these instabilities has been devised.Furthermore, when this technique is followed, very accurate results can be obtained, regardless of wavenumber used. Thus, only three or four segments are sufficient to describe a wavelength, contrary to what until now has been obtained, i.e. that at least six segments are always necessary. This last result has been shown to be valid also for geometries other than the circular one.
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    Yale sparse matrix package I: The symmetric codes (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1145-1151 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180804
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    Second-order design sensitivity analysis of mechanical system dynamics (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1699-1717 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Dependence of dynamic response of nonlinear mechanical systems on design variables is analysed. An adjoint variable method is used to derive first- and second-order derivatives of measures of dynamic response with respect to design variables. A computational algorithm is presented for numerical calculation of first and second design derivatives. A simple oscillator example is solved analytically and by the adjoint variable method, with identical results. A burst fire automatic weapon mechanism with linear and nonlinear damping is treated numerically. It is shown that quadratic appriximations of dynamic response, using results of second-order design sensitivity analysis, can be substantially better than conventional linear approximations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620181109
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    Engineering applications of computational hydraulics, Volume 1, ‘Homage to Alexandre preissmann’, edited by M. B. Abbott and J. A. Cunge, Pitman. No. of pages: 262. Price: £27.50. ISBN 0 273 08512 3 (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1739-1739 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620181113
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    Masthead (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982) 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620181201
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    Considerations of core storage arising from the finite element analysis of radiation diffusion-transport benchmark problems (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1745-1764 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Problems involving the diffusion and transport (angular dependence considered) of neutron radiation are frequently encountered in radiation physics and nuclear engineering. Neutron diffusion problems require substantial computer storage arising from the energy and spatial dependence, while in the case of transport problems the angular dependence of the neutron flux and of the neutron scattering process gives rise to a further considerable increase in storage. In the present work, a method has been developed which greatly eases the bandwidth problem in the solution of large systems of linear equations and algorithms have been developed to assemble and solve such systems of equations in one and two dimensions. The formalism used is the variational method and, for simplicity, linear interpolating functions have been used to derive a symmetric banded system of equations. Finite element algorithms have been implemented in the codes FEED1 and FEED2, which treat one and two space dimensions, respectively. Three benchmark problems are analysed in this paper and results are compared with finite difference discrete ordinate method solutions. It is shown that the finite element method provides fast and accurate solutions to neutron diffusion and transport problems.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620181202
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    Numerical operational methods for time-dependent linear problems (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1829-1854 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A general and systematic discussion on the use of the operational method of Laplace transform for numerically solving complex time-dependent linear problems is presented. Application of Laplace transform with respect to time on the governing differential equations as well as the boundary and initial conditions of the problem reduces it to one independent of time, which is solved in the transform domain by any convenient numerical technique, such as the finite element method, the finite difference method or the boundary integral equation method. Finally, the time domain solution is obtained by a numerical inversion of the transformed solution. Eight existing methods of numerical inversion of the Laplace transform are systematically discussed with respect to their use, range of applicability, accuracy and computational efficiency on the basis of some framework vibration problems. Other applications of the Laplace transform method in conjunction with the finite element method or the boundary integral equation method in the areas of earthquake dynamic response of frameworks, thermaliy induced beam vibrations, forced vibrations of cylindrical shells, dynamic stress concentrations around holes in plates and viscoelastic stress analysis are also briefly described to demonstrate the generality and advantages of the method against other known methods.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620181207
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    Dispersion analysis of finite element semidiscretizations of the two-dimensional wave equation (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 11-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The dispersive properties of finite element semidiscretizations of the two-dimensional wave equation are examined. Both bilinear quadrilateral elements and linear triangular elements are considered with diagonal and nondiagonal mass matrices in uniform meshes. It is shown that mass diagonalization and underintegration of the stiffness matrix of the quadrilateral element markedly increases dispersive errors. The dispersive properties of triangular meshes depends on the mesh layout; certain layouts introduce optical modes which amplify numerically induced oscillations and dispersive errors. Compared to the five-point Laplacian finite difference operator, rectangular finite element semidiscretizations with consistent mass matrices provide superior fidelity regardless of the wave direction.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180103
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    Analytical selection of masters for the reduced eigenvalue problem (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 89-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Masters are defined as the degrees-of-freedom that are retained in the reduced eigenvalue problem. Various qualitative guidelines to select masters are published in the literature, but it is difficult to apply them to complex structures. In this paper a computational algorithm to select masters for complex structures is presented. This algorithm is based on a guideline14 which assures that the associated Guyan reduction process is valid. This algorithm eliminates one degree-of-freedom at a time satisfying the guideline, and preserves lower frequencies in the reduced eigenvalue problem. The algorithm presented in this paper is used to select masters for four different structural models. The natural frequencies of the associated reduced eigenvalue problems are calculated and compared with those calculated from the full eigenvalue problems.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180108
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    A finite element model for nonlinear shells of revolution (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 135-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite element model for symmetrically loaded shells of revolution is described. The nonlinear geometric effects are accounted for by incrementing loads and iterating for equilibrium. The iteration process also allows for nonlinear materials. The shell model accounts for large strains, large rotations and shear deformation. Three example problems demonstrate the ability of this model to solve linear problems. Also, three example problems demonstrate the versatility and accuracy of this model for nonlinear problems. These nonlinear example problems are an axially loaded cylinder and an internally pressurized spherical shell that have large membrane strains, and a cylinder that deforms into a spherical shape, having large rotations.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180112
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    Announcement (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 166-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180117
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  • 72
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    Boundary layer refinements in convective diffusion problems (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 167-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper outlines a numerical procedure for the finite element solution of convective diffusion problems with significant convective terms using conventional (not upwinded) Galerkin methods in connection with ‘boundary-layer type’ elements. The underlying argument in the sequel is that the poor stability properties of conventional Galerkin methods are caused by the insufficient approximation of eigensolutions. These are located at some sections of the boundary and are only present within a generally very thin layer. Consequently, the identification of these layers and the satisfactory approximation of the eigensolutions are necessary and totally sufficient for a satisfactory solution. In the following we intend to present this procedure, its theoretical background and selected numerical results.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180203
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  • 73
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    A direct automated procedure for frictionless contact problems (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 245-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The solution of elastostatic bodies in frictionless contact is obtained by an automated direct method which exploits the theory of linear elasticity and circumvents the need for the inclusion of artificial interface elements, mathematical programming techniques or computation of contact pressure. The method is simple and economical to use and can be easily appended to existing numerical schemes such as the finite element method. The formulation and numerical algorithm are presented for body combinations which are independent of relative tangential displacements along the contact surface. The method is illustrated through an elementary example amenable to hand calculation. Numerical results for more realistic problems are given and compared to known solutions. It is concluded that the method provides a powerful means for both the analysis and design of contacting bodies when used in conjunction with a finite element computer program.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180207
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    A finite element model for plane elasticity problems using the complementary energy theorem (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 291-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite element stress analysis capability for plane elasticity problems, employing the principle of stationary complementary energy, is developed. Two models are investigated. The first is a 24 d.o.f. rectangular finite element. The second model consists of an 18 d.o.f. triangular element. In order to allow for self-equilibrating stresses which are continuous within the element, the well-known Airy stress function ø is used. The function ø is represented by means of quintic Hermitian polynomials within the finite element. The values of the ø function and its derivatives up to order two are used as nodal parameters. For matching the stress function with the prescribed boundary tractions, additional equations are developed considering the force and moment equilibrium equations on the boundary consistent with the assumed stress function. These additional boundary equations are incorporated into the system equations using the Lagrangian multiplier technique. Excellent results are obtained for linear elastic problems even with coarse finite element discretization. Some examples of plane elasticity problems are solved and results compared.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180210
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    Proceedings of the international symposium on optimum structural design (the 11th Naval Structural Mechanics Symposium). No. of pages: 587. Price: $40, postage paid (U.S. only); $47 prepaid, surface mail (Foreign). Office of Special Professional Education, Harvill Building, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, U.S.A. (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 321-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180213
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    A family of conforming finite elements for deep shell analysis (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 363-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The problem related to the derivation of conforming deep shell finite elements is examined in the light of the thin shell theory and using the classical Loves strain energy formulation. A family of quadrangular finite elements allowing for variable curvature is developed. It is shown how an exact conformity of the displacements can be ensured in a large number of cases.Various static and dynamic applications are used to illustrate the advantages of these elements.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180305
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    A geodesic beam finite element for use in the-static analysis of reinforced circular cylindrical shells (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 397-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The development of a geodesic beam finite element for use with a specific circular cylindrical shell finite element in the analysis of reinforced circular cylinders is described.The basic strain and curvature change equations are given and, from these, three versions of the geodesic beam element are developed. Two of the beams have nodal degress-of-freedom identical with the shell element. They differ in the treatment of the terms relating to rotation about the principal normal. The first version ignores this parameter but, under certain circumstances, the stiffness matrix contains terms which can contribute to the strain energy under arbitrary rigid body movement of the beam. This deficiency is removed by applying an aspect of Koiter's theory which is used to transform the curvature change equations.The introduction of additional rotational degress-of-freedom, at the end nodes of the beam element, produces a variation which is capable of accurately representing and transmitting in-surface bending effects to an adjoining beam element.Numerical evaluation successfully compares finite element solutions to basic problems for straight, circular and helical beams with theoretical strain energy solutions. Finally the beam is used in conjunction with a shell element to analyse an infinitely long circular cylinder, reinforced with equispaced rings, subjected to internal pressure.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180307
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    Masthead (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180401
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    Constraint relationships in linear and nonlinear finite element analyses (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 521-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Finite element analysis of engineering structures commonly requires the use of inter-nodal displacement constraints. Current algorithms for this facility - elimination, Lagrange multipliers and penalty function methods - are briefly reviewed. An alternative approach is proposed which avoids some of the problems of these methods. This technique uses solution of the unconstrained stiffness equation with an extended number of right-hand sides. The resulting solutions are then combined to satisfy the constraints. This method has application in the synthesis of sub-structures with incompatible boundary variables. It is particularly efficient when the constraint affects many variables but the kinematics of the constraint can be expressed in terms of few independent variables, e.g. rigid body motion of part of the structure. In common with the Lagrange method, it produces data for use in a nonlinear analysis with constraints. The formulation of ‘rigid body’ constraints in geometric nonlinearity is detailed and demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180404
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  • 80
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    Internally discontinuous finite elements for moving interface problems (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 569-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: All physical process change with time and although physicists and engineers often freeze them to simplify their model studies, this is not always possible. Add to this the existence of several subregions within the modelling domain with different physical properties, the size and number of which change with time, and one has produced what might appear to be an intractable problem. Previous studies have shown that adaptive grids are an inconvenient way of modelling such moving interface problems and suggested that the use of a fixed grid with special discontinuous elements affords an efficient solution technique.This work presents and develops the characteristic matrices for two such elements, namely a quadratic triangle with an internal interface modelled by two straight lines and a quadratic isoparametric element. Both these elements are tested against an analytical solution to a simple Poisson equation. Such tests reveal the performance of the proposed elements to be satisfactory except for the definition of gradients near the interface.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180407
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    Elasto-viscoplastic and elasto-plastic large deformation analysis of thin plates and shells (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 591-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: To account for plastic deformation in plate and shell structures an elasto-viscoplastic solution algorithm is considered based on Perzyna's model for material behaviour. This algorithm can be employed to solve for time-dependent elasto-viscoplastic situations and by allowing steady-state conditions to be reached, elasto-plastic problems can also be considered.For the large displacement elasto-viscoplastic analysis of thin shells, an incremental stiffness procedure is employed together with a Lagrangian description of the stress and strain vectors. The Semiloof plate and shell elements are used for finite element space discretization.The procedures developed are applied to the solution of several numerical examples and the solutions compared with results from other sources where available.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180409
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    Masthead (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180501
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    Optimal arrangement of holes in a two-dimensional heat conductor by a special boundary integral method (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 675-685 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The position, size and surface temperature of circular holes inside a two-dimensional heat conductor are optimized to produce a minimum variation in surface temperature over a portion of the outer boundary. This problem, whic arises in thermal desing of moulds and dies, resembles those encountered in structural shape optimization because the internal geometry of the heat conductor depends on the design variables. In this paper, some of the traditional difficulties associated with shape optimization are overcome by analysing steady heat conduction with a special boundary integral method developed for two-dimensional regions with circular hole. This approach eliminates the need to regenerate a finite element mesh over the interior of the region each time the geometry is changed during the design process. It also increases the efficiency of the analysis by reducing the number of unknowns in the numerical discretization of the region. Since the objective function depends only on the boundary temperatures, there is no need to determine temperatures in the interior.The analysis method is applied to two problems arising in optimal thermal design of compression moulds. These examples show that the number of holes choson for the design strongly affects their resulting optimal arrangement as well as the ultimate uniformity of the cavity surface temperature.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180505
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    Some problems of a plate bending hybrid model with shear effect (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 755-764 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A triangular plate bending hybrid element is constructed according to Reissner's principle. It has 9 degrees-of-freedom and the shear effect is included. The C0 formulation of thick plate is directly developed to solve the thin plate by imposing the discrete Kirchhoff constraints. The matching problem for bending and shear in the hybrid model of thick plate is effectively treated by use of the principle of the energy regulation such that the unified analysis of thick and thin plates is realized. Finally, numerical examples are presented.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180510
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    Ordinary differential equations, H. Rama Mohana Rao, Edward Arnold, 1981 (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 798-798 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180515
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    Optimality in parametric systems, T. L. Vincent and W.J. Grantham, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1981. No. of pages: 243. Price: $29.00 (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 798-798 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180517
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    A new penalty function element for thin shell analysisPart of this work has been presented at the 17th Annual Meeting of the Society of Engineering Science, held at Georgia Institute of Technology at Atlanta, Georgia, 15-17 December, 1980. (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 845-861 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper a triangular thin shell element is presented where C1 continuity is introduced by means of the penalty function technique. The displacement field has complete cubic polynomials for each component. The introduced constraint condition is the continuity of normal slopes of the transverse displacements along interelement boundaries. Classical thin shell theory for small deformations is applied. Several analyses of thin plates and shells are performed, including a large problem of practical interest, to study the effect of an increasing penalty factor. The accuracy of the results is estimated and compared to the actually occurred error. In the conclusions a recommended value for the penalty factor is given.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180604
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    Interactive computer graphic preprocessing for three-dimensional finite element analysis (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 909-926 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An interactive computer graphic system has been developed for generating and editing three-dimensional finite element meshes. The various difficulties inherent to the generation of solid three-dimensional geometries through an effective use of computer graphic techniques are examined to explain the advantages of this system. The method is a combination of discrete transfinite mapping and cubic spline blending algorithms, used, respectively, to create plane cross-sectional meshes, and to generate the three-dimensional geometry by interpolaring between the cross-sections. The communication between analyst and machine is based on a digitizing tablet and a refresh vector scope. The dynamic viewing capabilities and depth cueing of the vector display greatly enhance the perception of the mesh three-dimensionality. Multi-view dynamic display is also employed to facilitate node or element selection. The flexibility and usefulness of the system are illustrated with the help of three examples of practical interest.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180608
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    Finite elements: An introduction. Volume 1, E. B. Becker, G. F. Carey and J. T. Oden, Prentice-Hall (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 954-955 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180613
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  • 90
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    Some ‘special’ interpolation formulae for triangular and quadrilateral elements (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 959-966 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Presented herein are methods to generate special interpolation formulae of the following type: (i) C0 continuous interpolation over triangular elements which induces a given type of singularity for the first derivatives at one of the vertices, and yet preserves ‘rigid and constant strain’ motions, (ii) C1 continuous interpolation over triangular elements which induces a given type of singularity for second derivatives at one of the vertices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180702
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    Higher order accuracy finite-difference schemes for hyperbolic conservation laws (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1019-1029 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An explicit algorithm which gives stable finite-difference schemes, of order of accuracy greater than two, for solving a quasi-linear hyperbolic system of partial differential equations in several space dimensions is presented. Third and fourth order accuracy schemes are derived using this algorithm. The fourth order scheme needs fewer flux evaluations than the scheme given by Abarbanel and Gottlieb.1 Numerical results obtained show that these schemes have the expected accuracy and stability.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180706
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    Estimating stress intensity factors with singular components of the total finite element solution (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1063-1076 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Displacement formulated singular elements are compared to isoparametric quarter-node elements. The total stress and displacement solution for each element is decomposed into singular and regular components for evaluating stress intensity factors. Specific relationships between nodal displacements and the singular component of stress are presented for the isoparametric element at selected locations within the element. Numerical results for KI and KII in the slant crack problem are presented. The singular components are shown to produce superior results when considering crack opening displacements.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180710
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    Masthead (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180801
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  • 94
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    Band algorithm for unsymmetric matrices in finite element and semi-discrete methods (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1197-1211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A compact FORTRAN subroutine for reducing unsymmetric band matrices (in-core solution) is presented. As usual, the zeros inside the band are skipped during the Gauss elimination. However, the theme of the paper is centred on a new approach in applying the above-mentioned band solver to transient problems. The approach results in considerable saving of computational time while also achieving reduction in memory space. This double advantage makes it particularly useful in handling dynamic real world problems. Extension of the use of the algorithm to moving boundary problems is indicated.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180807
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  • 95
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    Electronic Resource
    Permutation rules for simplex finite elements (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1245-1248 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Simplicial finite elements have many symmetries, which are commonly exploited in programs to save computing time and storage. All possible permutations of the interpolation functions of an N-simplex can be expressed in terms of N basic permutation operations. The relevant permutation matrices are given for triangles up to order 20 and tetrahedra up to order 10.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180810
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  • 96
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    Announcements (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1265-1270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180815
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  • 97
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    Electronic Resource
    Mixed formulation finite elements for mindlin theory plate bending (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1297-1311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Two new finite elements are developed for the Mindlin theory plate bending problem. The formulation is based on the modified Hellinger-Reissner principle with independent transverse shear strains. Numerical examples indicate that, with properly assumed transverse shear strains, these new elements designated as PLAT8 and PLAT8H do not exhibit locking effect even for very thin plates.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180903
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  • 98
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    Singular cubature over triangles (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1375-1384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Integration over triangles where the integrand contains a singularity at one of the vertices is considered in this paper. The applications for such problems arise in using the boundary element method. Low order formulae are presented and compared to previous methods where the singularity was not considered.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180909
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  • 99
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    Electronic Resource
    The potential due to a uniform source distribution over a triangular domain (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1401-1411 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An exact expression is derived for the potential due to a uniform source distribution over a triangular domain. This expression, which is valid for arbitrary field points, is important for the numerical solution of electromagnetic field problems. Numerical values of the potential are calculated by using the expression obtained, and are compared with the results derived by numerical integration.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180911
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  • 100
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    Experimental modelling in engineering, F. W. David and H. Nolle, Butterworths, 1982. Price: £10.00 (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1423-1423 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180915
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