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  • Electronic Resource  (649)
  • 1980-1984  (649)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1980  (649)
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  • Electronic Resource  (649)
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  • 1980-1984  (649)
  • 1970-1974
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 229 (1980), S. 57-65 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Gonadotroph hormones ; Pathology ; Pituitary adenoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 57-year-old woman, with long-standing hypogonadism secondary to irradiation of the ovaries, was found to have a pituitary tumor which was removed and investigated by histology, immunocytology and electron microscopy. Histologically, the tumor corresponded to a chromophobe, slightly PAS positive adenoma and the immunoperoxidase stain revealed the presence of both FSH and LH in the cytoplasm of the adenoma cells. The structural features of the adenoma cells resembled those of FSH cells in the nontumorous adenohypophysis. We thus believe that pituitary adenomas consisting of gonadotrophin-producing cells occur and that these may produce both FSH and LH. The relation between the gonadotrophin-producing adenoma and the preceding hypogonadism is uncertain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 38 (1980), S. 1-10 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: TRH-like immunoreactivity ; PAP technique ; Electron microscopy ; Neuronal localization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary With the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method TRH-like immunoreactivity (TRH-LI) was observed in certain neurons of the central nervous system. Their distribution agreed well with findings previously obtained with the indirect immunofluorescence technique. At the ultrastructural level electron-dense precipitates representing TRH-LI were observed in so-called large dense core vesicles, which were localized both in the cytoplasm of some hypothalamic neuronal cell bodies, as well as in boutons in the hypothalamus and spinal cord. The boutons often seemed to form axo-somatic or axodendritic synapses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 38 (1980), S. 121-123 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cat ; Visual cortex ; Corpus callosum ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Horseradish peroxidase was injected in the right visual cortex and a large electrolytic lesion made in the left lateral geniculate nucleus of an adult cat. Neurons of origin of the callosal projection to the injected cortex were identified by retrograde labelling and selected for electron microscopic study. Degenerating thalamo-cortical axon terminals were found to contact a labelled stellate cell in layer IV and a labelled pyramidal cell in layer III at the border region of areas 17 and 18. We conclude that there is a monosynaptic pathway from lateral geniculate nucleus to the cells of origin of callosal axons to the contralateral visual cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 386 (1980), S. 279-291 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Myocardial infarction ; Autonomic nerves ; Electron microscopy ; Rat experiments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Alterations of cardiac nerves in myocardial infarction were investigated by electron microscopy after differing intervals in 28 rats. During the first 4 h there are, in non-myelinated nerves within the myocardium, a swelling of the axoplasm with the occurrence of ‘pale’ axons and swelling of axonal mitochondria and neurosecretory granules. After bursting of the axolemma, these are spilled into the adjacent interstitial space. After 4 h first myelin figures are observed, and in some axons an accumulation of neurofilaments takes place. During the second to seventh day an extensive vesicular disintegration of axonal structures develops. Because of regressive changes, axons cannot be identified with certainty within the necrosis. After two or three weeks nerves with lamellar enfoldings of cytoplasmic processes corresponding to Büngner bands can be seen at the infarction border. These nerves may contain only a few residual axons. Myelinated nerves show a mainly vesicular disintegration. The results are discussed with regard to their functional significance and the special conditions of the animal model, in which ligature of the coronary artery may not only produce ischemia, but may also, by simultaneous ligature of the adjacent cardiac nerves, induce Wallerian degeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 386 (1980), S. 357-361 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Oesophagus ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 61-year-old man was operated for a large tumor, 12×4 cm in size, in the lower third of the oesophagus. The tumor had the appearance of a pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma showing cross striations by light microscopy and typical sarcomeres by electron microscopy. This is the fifth undisputed oesophageal rhabdomyosarcoma described in the literature and the first examined using electron microscope.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Glomerulonephritis ; Dense deposit disease ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eleven cases of glomerulonephritis with dense deposits were selected on the basis of electron microscopic examination performed either on material treated according to conventional techniques (9 cases) or on previously paraffin-embedded material (2 cases). While uniform immuno-histochemical patterns were observed, different features were shown by light microscopy: in only 3 cases were membranoproliferative or lobular patterns present, while in the others a varying degree of mesangial cell proliferation (moderate, mild or even very scanty with focal and segmental distribution) was detected. The generally accepted statement that glomerulonephritis with dense deposits represents a subgroup of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis therefore seems questionable. In addition to several clinical and serological data, these morphological features give further support to the hypothesis that glomerulonephritis with dense deposits is in all respects a peculiar and distinct form of glomerulonephritis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 387 (1980), S. 165-174 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Adenoma ; Electron microscopy ; Immunocytology ; Pituitary ; Pituitary tumor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Among 343 surgically-removed pituitary adenomas, 56 tumors were unassociated clinically or biochemically with increased hormone secretion and contained no adenohypophysial hormones by the immunoperoxidase technique, except for 10 cases in which a few scattered cells showed positive immunostaining for β-TSH or β-FSH, β-EH, prolactin and/or α-subunit. These tumors were chromophobic adenomas with no PAS, lead hematoxylin or carmoisine positivity and electron microscopy failed to reveal their morphogenesis. The term null cell adenoma of the pituitary is proposed to designate this tumor type. This term recognizes the most obvious features of these tumors: the absence of markers which would permit the disclosure of their cellular origin. Null cells are also found in the nontumorous adeno-hypophysis, suggesting that null cell adenomas derive from preexisting nonneoplastic null cells. The question of whether pituitary null cells are hormonally inactive committed precursors, uncommitted stem cells or dedifferentiated cells remains to be elucidated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 387 (1980), S. 185-191 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Amniotic epithelium ; Diabetes mellitus ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The epithelium of human amnion was examined under the light and electron microscopes. Morphologically, the amniotic epithelium in diabetes mellitus differs from that of a normal term specimen by the following characteristics: 1. An increase in the number of β-shaped glycogen granules and lipid droplets; 2. The presence of epithelial areas with dead cells; 3. Thickening of the basal membrane. Areas with dead cells could be identified in the amniotic epithelium of diabetic patients. These were not found in normal term pregnancies nor in other types of high-risk pregnancies, such as non-diabetic hydramnios, rhesus incompatibility, or pretoxaemia/toxaemia. These findings may indicate that the areas are specific to diabetes mellitus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 387 (1980), S. 259-270 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Pancreatitis ; Human pancreatitis ; Acute necrotizing pancreatitis ; Acinar cells ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural alterations in pancreatic acini from six patients operated for acute necrotizing pancreatitis are described. One of the patients suffered from biliary tract disease, the rest had excessive alcohol intake as the presumed aetiology. Areas of the pancreatic parenchyma showing oedematous inflammation in light microscopy were studied in the electron microscope. Findings in acinar cells included changes in zymogen granules and an increased autophagocytosis in addition to unspecific organelle alterations. Zymogen granules showed increase in size and number, loss or variation of electron-density and peripheral dissolution. Increased autophagic activity was indicated by several autophagic vacuoles and residual bodies. Acinar lumina were dilated showing effacement of microvilli and invaginations in the luminal plasma membrane of the acinar cells. In acinar lumina and in the interstitium fibrillar material was observed, with an increasing frequency in those areas showing severe cellular disintegration. These findings suggest: 1) an increased activity of zymogen granules, 2) an increased autophagocytosis, and 3) penetration of acinar luminal contents into the interstitium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 388 (1980), S. 69-76 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Myocardial ischaemia ; Membrane permeability ; Horseradish peroxydase ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sarcolemmal membrane permeability to intravenously injected horseradish peroxidase HRP (MW=40,000) was examined in 8 Wistar rats which had temporary ischaemia produced by left coronary artery ligation. HRP reaction product was identified following 6 min of circulation time by light and electron microscopy. Controls included 4 uninjected animals with coronary ligation, 2 uninjected animals without myocardial ischaemia and 2 injected non operated rats. In normal myocardium, the tracer permeated endothelial plasmalemmal vesicles, intercellular spaces and intracellular vesicles of the T-tubule system, but never permeated the cytoplasm of myocardium cells. As early as 15 min after coronary artery ligation followed by 6 min of reperfusion with circulation of the tracer, HRP product could be seen in the cytoplasm of muscle cells randomly distributed in the subendocardial area. The quantity of permeated cells increased when the ischaemic myocardium is reperfused during 10 min before injecting the tracer. These data indicate that sarcolemmal membrane alteration is an early event in myocardial ischaemic injury and precede the irreversible cellular degenerative changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 388 (1980), S. 175-186 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Breast ; Medullary carcinoma ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three cases of medullary carcinoma complying with strictly defined criteria have been examined by electron microscopy. These carcinomas are characterised by the presence of light and dark tumour cells which exhibit prominent organelles and well-developed Golgi complexes but lack secretory activity. The essential stromal cellular infiltrate of macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells contains macrophage-lymphocyte clusters suggesting the existence of an immune response. Also present in the stroma are blood vessels lined by high-endothelial cells of the type said to facilitate lymphocyte migration. It is suggested that light and dark tumour cells with well-developed organelles but absent secretory activity, macrophage-lymphocyte clusters and stromal high-endothelial venules represent specific ultrastructure features of typical medullary carcinoma associated with good prognosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Morphometry ; Human left ventricle ; Mitral insufficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 15 biopsies of dilated and hypertrophied human left ventricles in mitral insufficient hearts were morphometrically investigated. On light and electron microscopical level the results were compared with those received from normally loaded human left ventricles and from hypertrophied human left ventricles found in hearts with aortic valve disease. The results demonstrate alterations when compared with the results from normally loaded left ventricles. The differences between normally loaded and volume loaded left ventricles are smaller than those in pressure loaded left ventricles from aortic valve diseased hearts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 67 (1980), S. 119-123 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Catecholamine distribution ; Regional catecholamine levels ; Microwave irradiation ; Brain tissue structure ; Histological examination ; Electron microscopy ; Light microscopy ; Tissue disruption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Recently we reported regional levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in rat brain following microwave irradiation. In our report, we also compared these levels with those of norepinephrine and dopamine following decapitation. Catecholamine levels following exposure to microwave irradiation significantly increased in several areas. However, whether these increases resulted from compound transfer associated with tissue disruption due to high intensity microwave irradiation was not determined. Sections of corpus striatum and locus coeruleus were examined with a light microscope and the interface of the striatum and the cortex showed no trace of tissue breakdown. Transformed cells, vacuolation, and indications of pyknotic degeneration in the nucleus were found in locus coeruleus after irradiation, but the shapes of these cells were well-defined. Electron microscopic photographs of synapses in the same are showed membrane damage after exposure for 5 s at 1.3 kW, but synaptic vesicles were clearly defined. It was concluded that the increased catecholamine levels were not the result of tissue disruption following rapid heating of the brain by irradiation.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Rod-shaped bodies ; Crystalloid inclusions ; Blood vessels ; Endothelium ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In addition to the usual organelles, endothelial cells of ocular blood vessels and Scheemm's canal in adult and fetal Macaca mulatta, contain two types of inclusions: rod-shaped bodies and crystalloids. The rod-shaped bodies are similar to those first described in arterial endothelia of the rat. They are between 0.2 to 0.35 μm in diameter, up to 2.5 μm in length, and are membrane bounded. The crystalloid inclusions are up to 1.2 μm in diameter and are associated with the granular endoplasmic reticulum. Their crystalline lattice consists of subunits, 28 nm in diameter, which are either arranged in rows separated by amorphous matrix or tightly packed in a honeycomb-like lattice. The rod-shaped bodies are much more numerous than the crystalloids; however, both kinds of inclusions are consistently found in both adult and fetal vessels. They represent normal components of ocular vascular endothelia which appear very early in the development of the eye.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Dementia ; Aging ; Cortical capillaries ; Basement membrane ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Data concerning width and surface of the basement membrane of cortical capillaries in three patients with Alzheimer's disease five age-matched controls, have been submitted to statistical analysis to ascertain the role of the aging process upon thickening of the basement membrane itself. The analysis showed that there was a significant difference between patients with Alzheimer's disease and controls (P〈0.01) as to both width and surface of the basement membrane, so suggesting that in these patients aging was not the only factor which thickening of the basement membrane of cortical capillaries was related to.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 50 (1980), S. 109-114 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Blastomyces dermatitides ; North American blastomycosis ; Electron microscopy ; Subplasmalemmal linear density ; Fungal infection of central nervous system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Biopsy tissue from a cerebellar blastomycoma in a 48-year-old man was studied by electron microscopy. The fine structure of the fungi recapitulated that of the yeast forms described in cultures and culture implants. Mycelial forms were not encountered. The yeasts displayed lamellated cell walls and occasional multinucleation. Persistent broad-based budding with complex membranous profiles related to the cell membrane was prominent. The organisms were found within multinucleated giant cells and macrophages which exhibited subplasmalemmal linear densities and occasional desmosomal junctions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 50 (1980), S. 163-166 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Uremia ; Hemodialysis ; Kidney transplantation ; Electron microscopy ; Myopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Gastrocnemius muscle biopsies from 19 patients with chronic renal failure were studied by electron microscopy. Thirteen of the biopsies contained pathological muscle fibers. Myopathic findings, such as autolysis and phagocytosis, were seen in eight. Neurogenic findings, such as small atrophic fibers, were observed in seven. Non-specific changes, such as myofibrillar degeneration, abnormal vacuoles, glycogen accumulation, and lipofuscin pigment were also frequent findings. The structural changes from normal were quantitatively more frequent and qualitatively more severe in the muscles of the hemodialysis patients in comparison with those seen in the other patient groups (diet, transplant).
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 50 (1980), S. 153-157 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Toruloma ; Cryptococcus ; Electron microscopy ; Subplasmalemmal linear density ; Epithelioid cells ; Macrophages ; Granulomatous disease ; Fungal infection of central nervous system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Biopsy tissue from a human cerebral toruloma was studied ultrastructurally. Numerous yeasts were found within extracellular space and within macrophages or epithelioid cells and demonstrated a prominent mucopolysaccharide capsule. Extensive vacuolization of yeast-bearing macrophages was demonstrated. Coating material lined these vacuoles as well as the surface of these cells where numerous coatacts with lymphocytes were observed. The macjophages further displayed prominent subplasmalemmal linear densities, structures common to epithelioid cells in granulomatous diseases as well as a variety of cells of presumed mesodermal origin.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 49 (1980), S. 85-87 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy ; Muscle biopsy ; Nuclear inclusions ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural examination of skeletal muscle biopsies of three typical cases of autosomal dominant inherited oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy showed collections of tubular filaments (8.5 nm in diameter) within muscle fibre nuclei. These filaments appear to be a characteristic morphological feature of oculopharyngeal dystrophy.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 51 (1980), S. 229-235 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Rimmed vacuoles ; Lined vacuoles ; Autophagic vacuoles ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rimmed vacuoles (Dubowitz and Brooke 1973) have been found in 12 cases with various neuromuscular diseases and are considered to be autophagic in nature. They consisted of multilaminated membranous structures accompanied by glycogen granules, dense bodies, and amorphous, granular, and fibrillar material. The contents of the vacuoles were regarded as having partially dissolved out of the vacuoles in cryostat sections but some were plastered along the walls of the vacuoles and were depicted by the staining procedures for light microscopy. The “lined vacuoles” described by Carpenter et al. (1978) in inclusion body myositis closely agree with the rimmed vacuoles in respect of histochemical and ultrastructural features.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 159 (1980), S. 81-84 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Myelinated dendrites ; Frog ; Motoneuron ; Spinal cord
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Myelinated dendrites — probably of motoneurons — were found in the spinal cord of the frog. It is assumed that the myelin sheath, by increasing the membrane resistance, improves the function of the dendrite as a cable.
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 267 (1980), S. 115-121 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Hyalinosis of the skin ; Glycosaminoglycan metabolism ; Fibroblasts ; Electron microscopy ; Tissue culture ; Hyalinose der Haut ; Glykosaminoglykan-Stoffwechsel ; Fibroblasten ; Elektronenmikroskopie ; Gewebekultur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch biochemische Untersuchungen von hyalinisierten Hauttumoren der systematisierten Hyalinose (juvenile hyaline Fibromatose) zeigte sich eine gesteigerte Chondroitinsulfatsynthese von dermalen Fibroblasten, die sich in einem erweiterten rauhen endoplasmatischen Reticulum darstellt, sowie eine Steigerung des Chondroitinsulfat-Gehaltes im befallenen Hautbereich. Diese Ergebnisse weisen auf, daß es sich bei der systematisierten Hyalinose um eine Bindegewebserkrankung handelt, die durch eine abnorme Glykosaminoglykan-Synthese der Fibroblasten charakterisiert ist.
    Notes: Summary Biochemical examinations of a hyalinized skin tumor of systemic hyalinosis (juvenile hyaline fibromatosis) revealed an increase in chondroitin sulfate synthesis by skin fibroblasts with an enlarged, rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum as well as an increase in chondroitin sulfate content. These results indicate that systemic hyalinosis is a connective tissue disorder characterized by abnormal GAG synthesis of fibroblasts.
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 50 (1980), S. 43-52 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Hypoglycemia ; Nerve cell injury ; Electron microscopy ; Rat cerebral cortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Severe hypoglycemia was induced in rats by insulin. The brain was fixed in situ by perfusion after the spontaneous EEG had disappeared for 30 or 60 min or after recovery had been induced for 30 or 180 min by glucose injection. Samples from the cerebral cortex from the area corresponding to the previous metabolic studies were processed for electron microscopy. The light-microscopic finding of two different types of nerve cell injury, reported in a preceding communication (Agardh et al. 1980), was also verified at the ultrastructural level. The type I injury was characterized by cellular shrinkage, condensation of the cell sap and nuclei, and perineuronal astrocytic swelling. No swelling of mitochondria occurred. The slightly swollen type II injured neurons showed contraction of mitochondria, disintegration of ribosomes, loss of RER, and appearance of membrane whorls, while their nuclear chromatin remained evenly distributed. No transition from one type to the other was observed. Neither type of nerve cell injury in hypoglycemia was like that commonly seen in anoxic-ischemic insults indicating a different pathogenesis in these states despite the common final pathway of energy failure. The loss of endoplasmic membranes and disintegration of ribosomes suggests that these structures might be sacrificed for energy production in the absence of normal substrates. During recovery, though, the number of type I injured neurons decreased while some of the remaining ones appeared even more severely affected, suggesting irreversible damage. Type II injured neurons were no longer seen indicating reversibility of these changes.
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 50 (1980), S. 121-129 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebral infarction ; Cerebral ischemia ; Collateral sprouting ; Electron microscopy ; Mongolian gerbil ; Terminal degeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Distinct morphological changes were demonstrated in the contralateral hemisphere in the brains of Mongolian gerbils that were subjected to transient unilateral cerebral ischemia. The alterations were most obvious in a narrow region of the contralateral dentate gyrus (fascia dentata), where commissural inputs to the dentate gyrus are known to form synapses with the dentate granule cells. Electron microscopic examination revealed that these changes were caused by degenerative processes which took place in presynaptic terminals of the commissural inputs. An interesting fact was that the degenerated terminals were detected by light microscopy without the aid of special silver impregnation methods. After 1 week, these alterations almost disappeared, and after 3 months the dentate gyrus was undistinguishable from normal. These results strongly suggest that the changes were closely related to axonal degeneration and subsequent repair mechanisms of the brain. The present study indicates the importance of such anatomo-pathological study to delineate the effect of focal ischemia upon distant areas of the brain.
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 52 (1980), S. 41-50 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Kinky hair syndrome ; Brindled mouse ; Purkinje cell ; Mitochondria ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Chronological morphological alterations of the cerebellum, with particular attention to the Purkinje cells, were investigated in the brindled mottled MObr mouse, a neurological mutant mouse with close clinical similarity to Kinky hair syndrome (KHS) in humans. Seven days post-natally, slight irregularity in the morphology of mitochondria of the Purkinje cell perikarya was the only significant difference between hemizygous MObr mice and litter mate controls. With advancing age the mitochondrial change became more pronounced gradually in the former, not only in the perikarya but also in the dendrites. However, by day 31 or later the mitochondrial change subsided gradually and by day 91, the mitochondria in the majority of Purkinje cells became indistinguishable from those of littermate controls. Despite the extensive mitochondrial alteration, degeneration and necrosis of Purkinje cells were rather mild. Degeneration of white matter was quite conspicuous in the mutant mouse older than 31 days. These morphological changes of the cerebellum are compared with those of other neurological mutant mice, Nervous and Purkinje cell degeneration, and with KHS in humans.
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 52 (1980), S. 213-222 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Axonal alterations ; Spinal gray matter ; Normal cat ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In our recent ultrastructural studies on synapses of the nucleus dorsalis, central cervical nucleus, and anterior horn of the spinal cord of the normal cat we happened to find spheroids and several types of axonal alterations. These spheroids were up to 39 μm in diameter. They were found in myelinated and unmyelinated terminal axons and at the node of Ranvier and showed two different types of internal structure. One type was large and composed of spirally arranged neurofilaments and mitochondria in increased quantity, although the mean population density of mitochondria was not high being 1.4/μm2 as compared to the normal value 2.0/μm2. Another type was smaller and consisted of small mitochondria and dense bodies which were increased in number: their mean population densities were 4.5/μm2 and 1.9/μm2, respectively. At present, the rare occurrence of spheroids and atypical axonal alterations makes it difficult to determine the origin of affected axons, although some of them presumably arise from primary afferents.
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 269 (1980), S. 39-49 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Mouse skin ; UV-light ; Experimental elastosis ; Light microscopy ; Electron microscopy ; Mäusehaut ; ultraviolettes Licht ; experimentelle Elastose ; Lichtmikroskopie ; Elektronenmikroskopie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß chronischer UV-Lichteinwirkung auf das dermale Bindegewebe der Nacktmaus (Ng/-) wurde licht- und elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht (25 Tiere; Dauer der Bestrahlung 8,5 Monate; tägliche Strahlendosis 40±2 J/cm2). Die induzierten Bindegewebsveränderungen entsprechen weitgehend dem Bild, wie es bei der menschlichen aktinischen Elastose angetroffen wird.
    Notes: Summary The effect of long-term ultraviolet irradiation on the connective tissue of the skin was investigated in 25 naked (Ng/-) mice which received a total daily radiant dose of 40±2 J/cm2 for a period of 8.5 months. The produced alterations were very similar to those found in actinic elastosis of humans, as assessed by histologic and electron-microscopic criteria.
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  • 28
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    Archives of dermatological research 268 (1980), S. 91-99 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Hypermelanosis ; Café au lait spot ; Ataxia-telangiectasia ; Electron microscopy ; Hypermelanose ; Café au lait-Flecken ; Ataxia teleangiectasia ; Elektronenmikroskopie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Café au lait-Flecken scheinen eine der Hautzeichen der Ataxia teleangiectasia zu sein. Sie sind durch eine epidermale Hypermelanosis mit einer normalen Melanocytenzahl charakterisiert. Vom subcellulären Gesichtspunkt wurden zwei wesentliche Abnormalitäten beobachtet. 1. Eine Erhöhung der Synthese von Melanosomen 2. eine Modifikation ihrer Verteilung innerhalb der epidermalen Keratinocyten. Zahlreiche Melanocyten sind in der oberen Epidermis aufzufinden. Auch veränderte Melanocyten sind zu beobachten. Diese zeigen Erweiterung der Mitochondrien, Entwicklung melanosomaler autophagischer Vacuolen, wie auch Fett-Tropfen. Diese Abnormalitäten wurden nicht in der umgebenden normalen Haut aufgefunden. Die Signifikanz dieser Beobachtungen wird diskutiert. Es wird auf die Schweirigkeiten hingewiesen, die aufgrund der histoenzymologischen und ultrastrukturellen Gegebenheiten eine Differentialdiagnose der Café au lait-Flecken ermöglichen könnte.
    Notes: Summary Café au lait spots appear to represent one of the cutaneous features of Ataxia-telangiectasia (A.T.). At the cellular level, they are characterized by an epidermal hypermelanosis with a normal number of melanocytes. At the subcellular level, two basic abnormalities are observed: (1) an increase in the synthesis of melanosome; (2) a modification of their distribution within the epidermal keratinocytes. Numerous pendulous melanocytes project into the upper dermis. Altered melanocytes are also observed. These show mitochondrial dilatation, melanosomal autophagic vacuoles, as well as lipid droplets. These abnormalities are not observed in the normal surrounding skin. The significance of these observations is discussed and stress is placed on the difficulty in establishing a differential diagnosis of café au lait spots, based on their histoenzymological and ultrastructural features.
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  • 29
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    Archives of dermatological research 267 (1980), S. 141-152 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Retinoids ; Keratinocytes ; Keratinization disorders ; Electron microscopy ; Retinoide ; Keratinocyten ; Verhornungsstörungen ; Elektronenmikroskopie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Auswirkung hoher peroraler Dosen des aromatischen Retinoids Ro 10-9359 (25 mg/kg/Tag) auf Meerschweinchenepidermis wurde licht- und elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Die morphologischen Alterationen ließen sich in zwei Stadien einteilen: (a) Daserste Stadium umfaßt entzündliche Gewebsveränderungen, die nach 1wöchiger Applikation einsetzten. Charakteristisch waren das Fehlen der Hornschicht und die vacuoläre cytoplasmatische Disintegration des Stratum Malpighii mit intracellulärem Ödem und stellenweise Ansammlung PAS-positiver Substanzen. Tonofilamente und Desmosomen waren zahlenmäßig vermindert, während Keratinosomen vermehrt auftraten. (b) Imzweiten Regenerationsstadium waren nach 3wöchiger Applikation Ödem und Vacuolisierung rückläufig, eine Hornschicht mit fokaler Parakeratose trat auf und eine mäßige Akanthose war nachweisbar. Elektronenmikroskopisch fand sich eine Hypergranulose, zum Teil mit ungewöhnlichen spongiformen Keratohyalingranula. Die Zahl der Tonofilamente, Desmosomen und Keratinosomen ließ eine deutliche Tendenz zur Normalisierung erkennen. Diese Befunde zeigen, daß die systemische Anwendung von hochdosiertem aromatischen Retinoid zu einem zytotoxischen, keratolytischen und mukoplastischen Effekt an der normalen Epidermis des Meerschweinchens führt; doch die betroffenen Zellen entwickeln offenbar Adaptationsmechanismen, so daß trotz weiterer Verabreichung des Medikamentes es zu einer Restaurierung dieser Veränderungen und zu einer Stimulierung der epidermalen Proliferation mit Akanthose kommt.
    Notes: Summary The effect of oral aromatic retinoid Ro 10-9359 in a high dosage (25 mg/kg/day) on guinea pig epidermis was investigated by light and electron microscopy. The induced morphological alterations showed two different stages: (a) In theinjury stage, seen after one week of retinoid administration, the epidermis was mainly characterized by lack of the horny layer and vacuolar cytoplasmic disintegration of the malpighian layer with intracellular edema and accumulation of some PAS-positive material. Tonofilaments and desmosomes were markedly reduced, keratinosomes were increased in number. (b) In therecovery stage, seen after 3 weeks of administration, the horny layer had reappeared, the edematous and vacuolar changes were diminished and the epidermis became slightly acanthotic. Hypergranulosis with numerous spongiform keratohyalin granules was a prominent feature. The number of tonofilaments, desmosomes, and keratinosomes showed a clear tendency to normalization. In conclusion, high systemic doses of aromatic retinoid initially exert a cytotoxic, keratolytic, and mucoplastic effect on the normal guinea pig epidermis. Nevertheless, the affected keratinocytes adapt themselves, despite the further administration of the drug, showing a gradual restoration of these changes and a stimulation of epidermal proliferation, leading to acanthosis.
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  • 30
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    Calcified tissue international 30 (1980), S. 43-50 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Osteogenesis ; In vitro ; Electron microscopy ; Mineralization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Chick limb mesenchymal cells differentiate into muscle, cartilage, fibrous, and bone tissue. Previous reports show that when stage 24 limb mesenchymal cells are cultured in vitro, chondrocytes, myocytes, fibrocytes, and osteoblasts can be identified on the basis of morphological and biochemical parameters. The study reported here demonstrates that phenotypic expression in culture seems to be dependent on the initial plating density, Scanning electron microscopic observations indicate that when stage 24 limb mesenchymal cells are initially seeded at high densities (5 × 106 cells per 35 mm culture dish), mounds of cells appear in culture. These mounds represent cartilage nodules composed of a fine fibrous matrix and chondrocytes, surrounded by a loose fibrous connective tissue matrix. Cultures initially plated at intermediate densities (2.0–2.5 × 106 cells/35 mm culture dish) produce a flattened layer of fibrocytes overlying a matrix of collagen fibers and calcium phosphate deposits as determined by electron-microprobe analysis; these observations are indicative of osteoblast expression. Cells seeded at this intermediate density appear larger and possess greater surface area than cells seeded at high density. It is suggested that conditions that permit such increased cell surface area coupled with a relative compaction due to cell crowding may provide conditions permissive for osteogenesis. Based on morphological criteria, it appears that chick limb mesenchymal cell osteogenesis in vitro is not associated with chondrogenesis but represents a separate route of phenotypic expression.
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  • 31
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Rat ; Calvarium ; Electron microscopy ; Preosteoclasts ; Osteoclasts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary This is a study of the fine structure of cells of the 20-day fetal rat calvarium. Special attention is given to identifying and characterizing preosteoclasts. These cells are relatively common and located largely, but not exclusively, at the endocranial bone surface. The preosteoclasts are characterized by abundant mitochondria, an incomplete perinuclear Golgi apparatus, and variable-shaped dense granules. The dense granules are unique in appearance in that they contain an internal dense matrix surrounded by a clear halo. Most granules are circular in shape but some are elongate or tubular in form. Granules with identical appearance are observed in osteoclasts. The preosteoclasts are mononucleate, or occasionally binucleate. It is suggested that because preosteoclasts are morphologically distinctive and relatively abundant, it should be feasible to separate these cells from a heterogeneous cell isolate.
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  • 32
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Decalcification ; Electron microscopy ; Bone matrix ; Bone glycoproteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary A solution of triethylammonium EDTA in 80% ethanol was evaluated as a demineralizing reagent for bone in comparison with aqueous solutions of EDTA. Biochemical analysis and acrylamide gel electrophoresis of extracts of finely powdered bovine bone showed that most of the macromolecular components of the organic matrix extractable in aqueous EDTA were retained when the triethylammonium EDTA reagent was used. Ultrastructural examination of chick tibias decalcified with the reagents showed a better preservation of cellular morphology, especially the membranous components, and more uniformly distributed ground substance, though slightly less in quantity, when the aqueous reagent was used. Use of the two reagents appears to be complementary, the alkylammonium reagent being more appropriate for use in studies of the organic matrix of bone, including immunohistochemical studies of bone glycoproteins. The aqueous reagent is more appropriate for use in studies of cellular ultrastructure.
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  • 33
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    Experimental brain research 40 (1980), S. 119-121 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Rana esculenta ; Spinal cord ; Granular vesicles ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two types of large granular vesicles have been demonstrated in the spinal cord of the frog Rana esculenta. Each type is contained in different fibres located in the neuropil of the ventral horn. The two types of vesicles differ in their diameter and quantity, in the smoothness of their limiting membrane and the electron density of their core. The possibility that they contain peptides is discussed.
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  • 34
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Mitochondrion ; Polybrominated biphenyl ; Liver ; Electron microscopy ; Toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Electron microscopic study of livers from mice fed 167 ppm polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) revealed mitochondrial abnormalities which consisted of both alterations in size and the formation of crystalline-like inclusions within the mitochondrial matrix. These inclusions appeared as parallel arrays of rods and were found in elongated mitochondria which contained few cristae. The findings are briefly described and the possible significance of such inclusions in relation to mitochondrial aberrations are discussed.
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  • 35
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    Journal of molecular medicine 58 (1980), S. 667-680 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Amyloidose ; Glomerulus ; Proteinurie ; Elektronenmikroskopie ; Amyloidogenese ; Amyloidosis ; Glomerulus ; Proteinuria ; Electron microscopy ; Amyloidogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Light and electron microscopic investigations were carried out on kidney biopsies in renal amyloidosis cases. Particular attention was paid to the relationships between glomerular amyloidosis and proteinuria. On the basis of a grading of the amyloidotic glomeruli (grade G 1: only mesangium affected; G 2: mesangium affected with involvement of less than 50% of the loops; G 3: mesangium affected with involvement of more than 50% of the loops; G 4: amyloidotic obliteration), the individual cases were graded according to the predominance of the G grade into four grades (CI to CIV). It was shown that the majority of the cases investigated belong to grade CII and III. However, four cases of grade C I (predominant involvement of the mesangium only, i.e. the capillary loops were free of amyloid) with proteinuria up to 12 g/24 h were also observed. All four groups (C I to C IV) showed comparable mean values for proteinuria despite extreme differences in the degree of amyloidosis. In the pooled evaluation of the electron micrographs of capillary loops including the mesangium of all cases investigated (C I to C III), there was the following result: 1. 94% of the sectioned mesangia contained fibrillar amyloid. 2. Amyloid-containing mesangia can be associated either with amyloid-containing loops (type a=34%), with borderline loops (type b=35%) or with loops of normal structure (type n=31%). Under the simplifying assumption that the section picture is representative for the entire loop, this means that in biopsies of renal amyloidosis grades C I to C III (proteinuria between 2.5 and 20 g/24 h) on average more than half of the glomerular capillary loops were found to be free of amyloid. 3. In relation to the individual case groups, the percentage of amyloid-containing loops is shown to differ. Indeed, in the group with the lowest degree of amyloidosis (C I) an average of 92% of the capillary loops proved to be free of amyloid despite proteinuria of up to 12 g/24 h (type b and n). It is inferred from these and other data that the elevation in permeability of the glomerular filter must in principle be independent of the presence of morphologically demonstrable fibrillar amyloid in the capillary loop. On the other hand, the essential importance for the filter defect is accorded to the process of “amyloidogenesis”, which interferes with the physicochemical characteristics of the gel filter and which is followed by “manifestation of amyloid”. The morphological findings and a few apparently contradictory clinical observations can be explained on this basis.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung An Nierenbiopsien bei Nierenamyloidose wurden licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen ausgeführt, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Zusammenhänge zwischen Amyloidose des Glomerulus und Proteinurie. Auf der Grundlage einer Graduierung der amyloidotischen Glomeruli (Grad G1: rein mesangialer Befall; G 2: mesangialer Befall mit Beteiligung der Schlingen weniger als 50%; CIII mesangialer Befall mit Beteiligung der Schlingen mehr als 50%; G 4: amyloidotische Verödung) wurden die einzelnen Fälle je nach Vorherrschen des G-Grades graduiert (CI bis C IV). Es zeigte sich, daß die Mehrzahl der untersuchten Fälle den Graden C II und C III angehören. Es wurden aber auch 4 Fälle des Grades C I (ganz überwiegend rein mesangialer Befall, d.h. amyloidfreie Kapillarschlingen) mit Proteinurie bis 12 g/24 h beobachtet. Alle vier Gruppen (CI bis CIV) zeigten trotz extremer Unterschiede im Amyloidbefall vergleichbare Mittelwerte für die Proteinurie. Bei der gemeinsamen (gepoolten) Auswertung der elektronenmikroskopischen Aufnahmen von Kapillarschlingen inclusive Mesangium aller untersuchten Fälle (C I bis C III) ergab sich folgendes: 1. 90% der getroffenen Mesangien enthielten fibrilläres Amyloid. 2. Amyloidhaltige Mesangien können in Verbindung stehen entweder mit amyloidhaltigen Schlingen (Typ a=34%) oder mit Borderline-Schlingen (Typ b=35%) oder mit normal strukturierten Schlingen (Typ n=31%). Unter der vereinfachenden Voraussetzung, daß das Schnittbild für die gesamte Schlinge repräsentativ ist, bedeutet das, daß bei Nierenamyloidosen mit erheblicher Proteinurie im Mittel weit mehr als die Hälfte der glomerulären Kapillarschlingen amyloidfrei gefunden wird. In der Gruppe mit dem geringsten Amyloidbefall (C I) erweisen sich trotz Proteinurie bis 12 g/24 h im Mittel sogar 92% der Kapillarschlingen als amyloidfrei (Typ b und n). Aus diesen und anderen Daten wird abgeleitet, daß die Permeabilitätserhöhung des glomerulären Filters unabhängig sein muß von der Anwesenheit morphologisch nachweisbaren fibrillären Anyloids an der Schlinge. Die wesentliche Bedeutung für den Filterdefekt wird vielmehr dem Vorgang der „Amyloidogenese“ zugesprochen, der als solcher in die physikochemische Beschaffenheit des Gelfilters eingreift und der von der „Amyloidmanifestation“ gefolgt ist. Auf dieser Grundlage lassen sich die erhobenen morphologischen Befunde und einige scheinbar widersprüchliche klinische Beobachtungen erklären.
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  • 36
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Allomyces ; Zoospores ; Cell wall ; Chitin ; Gamma particle ; Encystment ; Electron microscopy ; Calcofluor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Structural changes during cell wall formation by populations of semisynchronously germinating zoospores were studied in the water mold Allomyces macrogynus. Fluorescence microscopy using Calcofluor white ST (which binds to β-1,4-linked glycans) demonstrated that Calcofluor-specific material was deposited around most cells between 2–10 min after the induction of encystment (beginning when a wall-less zoospore retracts its flagellum and rounds up). During the first 15 min of encystment there was a progressive increase in fluorescence intensity. Ultrastructural analysis of encysting cells showed that within 2–10 min after the induction of encystment small vesicles 35–70 nm diameter were present near the spore surface, and some were in the process of fusing with the plasma membrane. The fusion of vesicles with the zoospore membrane was concomitant with the appearance of electron-opaque fibrillar material outside the plasma membrane. Vesicles similar to those near the spore surface were found within the gamma (γ) particles of encysting cells. These particles had a crystalline inclusion within the electron-opaque matrix. During the period of initial cyst cell wall formation numerous vesicles appeared to arise at the crystal-matrix interface. Approximately 15–20 min was required for the cell wall to be formed. We suggest that the initial response of the zoospore to induction of encystment is the formation of a cell wall mediated by the fusion of cytoplasmic vesicles with the plasma membrane.
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  • 37
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    Archives of microbiology 126 (1980), S. 277-283 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Bacteriophage ; Myxococcus ; λ ; Superooiled DNA ; Cross-linking ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract DNA was partially released from the heads of myxococcus phages and also coliphage λ and examined by electron microscopy by a modification of the Kleinschmidt technique, in which water was used as hypophase. DNA emerged from the heads in patterns suggestive of newly relaxed supercoils. The unreleased DNA appeared to occupy discrete regions in the head. Some closed circles were released from λ heads. When NaCl solution was used as hypophase, the DNA was observed either released from the tail or from the head, in the latter case, supercoiled regions were observed. When NH4OAc solution was used as hypophase, tightly wound structures were released from λ heads; these fields also contained supercoiled circles. The presence of constrained supercoiled domains in newly released phage DNA was confirmed by observing the effects of ethidium bromide on its conformation. Treatment of phage with nitrogen mustard, a bifunctional alkylating agent, preserved supercoiled domains, even when the phage were lysed over water as hypophase. Further experiments suggested that phage inactivation by nitrogen mustard is largely due to restraint of the supercoiled, native, tertiary structure and that DNA-protein cross-linking may be involved in this reaction. The implications of these findings for the conformation of phage DNA in vivo are discussed and a new model for the winding of DNA in phage heads is proposed.
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  • 38
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Immunoferritin labeling ; Electron microscopy ; Membrane vesicles ; Nitrate reductase ; Bacillus licheniformis ; Klebsiella aerogenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The indirect immunoferritin labeling method was used to localize the membrane-bound respiratory nitrate reductase in membrane vesicles and protoplasts or spheroplasts of Bacillus licheniformis and Klebsiella aerogenes, respectively. For a comparison of the labeling of the various vesicle preparations, which differed not only in size but also in the percentage of inside-out orientation, a quantification of the results was needed to circumvent the problem of non-specifically bound ferritin. From the results the sidedness of the nitrate reductase in the cytoplasmic membrane of the abovementioned bacteria was determined as being cytoplasmic in B. licheniformis and as transmembranous in K. aerogenes.
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  • 39
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    Archives of microbiology 128 (1980), S. 12-18 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Moraxella glucidolytica ; Electron microscopy ; Lipopolysaccharide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A cellular (LPS I) and extracellular (LPS II) lipopolysaccharide were isolated from Moraxella glucidolytica cells grown on ethanol and from the culture fluid, respectively. Both LPS were toxic when injected to mice and chick embryos. These LPS contained glucose, galactose, glucosamine, galactosamine, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate and lipids. By permethylation studies, glucose was found to be linked (1→6) and (1→3) in LPS I and only (1→6) in LPS II. Galactose was the terminal non-reducing sugar. Branching occurred at positions 3 and 4 of galactose residues. LPS I was rich in α- and β-hydroxylauric and α-hydroxymyristic acids and LPS II contained mainly stearic and α-hydroxymyristic acids. LPS I was detoxified by mild acid and alkaline treatments. It was also dissociated by sodium deoxycholate and chromatographed on Sephadex G-75. The main fraction was reassociated by removing the surfactant by dialysis. The morphology of LPS I and LPS II was examined by electron microscopy. LPS I (original and reassociated fractions) consisted exclusively of ribbons while LPS II contained ribbons and vesicles.
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  • 40
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    Archives of microbiology 126 (1980), S. 87-95 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Ascodichaena ; Beech bark ; Electron microscopy ; Host-fungus relationship
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ascodichaena rugosa Butin is a corkinhabiting fungus, found frequently on the bark of Fagus sylvatica L. The hyphae of the fungus are distributed solely in the phellem cells, stopping their growth in the last-formed cork cell layer. The cell to cell invasion is effected by penetration hyphae, causing no extensive dissolution of the cork wall. Electron microscopical observations revealed fine structural details of the fruit bodies and of the intracellular hyphae. Of special interest were the finger-like hyaline hyphae in the last-formed layer of cork cells, which are interpreted as haustoria on the basis of the fine structure both of hyphae and host cells. This situation is considered as reflecting a parasitic relationship of Ascodichaena to beech bark. The activity of the fungus led also to the increased production of cork cells, perhaps related to the nutrient supply of the fungus.
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  • 41
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Boron ; Foliar nutrition ; Nuclear reactions ; Transport (boron) ; Trifolium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The growth of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) is severely inhibited by boron starvation, but a foliar treatment with boric acid can transitorily alleviate the deficiency symptoms. The 10B(n ,α)7 Li nuclear reaction has been used to study boron transport in the plant after foliar application. More than 98% of the boron supplied remained at the point where it was applied to the leaves, and less than 2% was useful to the growth of the treated plant. This small “efficient” portion of boron was quite mobile. It was distributed to the different parts of the plant, then was transferred from the oldest parts to the newly formed leaves. Physiological and agronomical implications of these data are discussed.
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  • 42
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    Virchows Archiv 385 (1980), S. 215-231 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Sphingomyelinase deficit ; Niemann-Pick disease ; Liver ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The results of a complex analysis of liver tissue are presented (four biopsy and two autopsy samples) obtained from six patients with Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) with a gross deficiency of sphingomyelinase (SMase) accompanied by a typical increase in sphingomyelin (SM). There were five cases of NPD type A (four of them with an atypical, prolonged course) and one case of type B. By means of lipid histochemistry it was possible to demonstrate SM storage both in hepatocytes and in the reticuloendothelial system (RES) of the liver (Kupffer cells and portal macrophages) and to show in two siblings with NPD type A a so-far undescribed centrilobular storage pattern. Enzyme histochemistry revealed a secondary deficit of nonspecific esterase activity and acid β-galactosidase in liver storage macrophages and varying degrees of suppression of hepatocytic enzyme activities as a reaction to lipid storage of sudden onset. Ultrastructurally, it was possible to demonstrate cholesterol in lysosomes by using digitonin fixation, the involvement of Ito cells in lipid storage, the aggregation of storage lysosomes with certain other organelles and their occasional connections with the endoplasmic reticulum. The problems of possible lipid extraction during processing were considered as a cause of pronounced lysosomal electron-lucidity and of the ultrastructural identification of the participating lipopigment. The significance of the findings is discussed in relation to the existing classification and, particularly, to the stored lipid dilemma of cases of NPD type C.
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  • 43
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    Cell & tissue research 206 (1980), S. 55-63 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Phagocytosis ; Spermatozoa ; Ovum ; Fertilization ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Spermatozoa with intact acrosomes, as well as those coming into contact with the ovum at a smaller angle, and morphologically abnormal spermatozoa reach the plasma membrane of the ovum via an extensively dissolved zone of the inner layer of the vitelline membrane. This zone is assumed to be formed by overlapping of two or more tunnels formed by spermatozoa that had previously come into contact with the ovum. When a spermatozoon comes into contact with the plasma membrane of the ovum, many cytoplasmic processes extend outwards and cover it. Thereafter, the plasma membranes of the processes fuse, thereby phagocytizing the spermatozoon. It is assumed that the phagocytized spermatozoa cannot undergo transformation into male pronuclei and that they degenerate soon after phagocytosis.
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  • 44
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    Cell & tissue research 206 (1980), S. 225-232 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Compound eye ; Photoreceptor membrane ; Electron microscopy ; Calcium-induced changes ; Artefacts ; Diptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary When the compound eyes of the fly Lucilia are fixed for electron microscopy with glutaraldehyde in common buffer solutions, artefactual whorls are liable to be formed from the photoreceptor microvilli. The whorls result from two factors: (i) a prolonged time interval prior to osmication, such as the “overnight” primary fixation or wash at 4° C commonly used in studies of compound eyes; (ii) as little as 1–2 mM Ca++ in the primary fixative and wash solutions. Osmication after short (1 h) glutaraldehyde fixation at 4° C, or omission of Ca++ and addition of 2 mM EGTA, prevent whorl-formation. In the tipulid fly Ptilogyna, similar artefacts are produced, but are confined to the distal zone of the microvilli that sheds during turnover.
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  • 45
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    Cell & tissue research 211 (1980), S. 83-93 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Epithelium ; Cloaca ; Electron microscopy ; Hen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The epithela of the three divisions (coprodaeum, urodaeum, proctodaeum) of the cloaca of the hen, and of the excretory ducts (colon, ureter, vagina) which join the divisions, are described using light microscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Each region of the cloaca has its typical epithelium. Special attention is focussed in this study on the boundaries between the different epithelia. The coprodaeal epithelium does not differ considerably from that of the colon; a transitional zone is not visible. Distinct border zones, however, are observed between the other regions (ureter — urodaeum; vagina — urodaeum and proctodaeum; urodaeum-proctodaeum; proctodaeum — cutis). Although the vaginal opening is generally thought to lie in the urodaeum, our investigations show that at the vaginal opening into the cloaca the ciliated epithelium changes, on one border to a secretory epithelium characteristic of the urodaeum and on the other border to that characteristic of the proctodaeum. These observations are discussed in relation to functional aspects.
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  • 46
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    Cell & tissue research 211 (1980), S. 171-174 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pancreatic D cell ; Neural control ; Vagotomy ; Electron microscopy ; Fowl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In an attempt to determine the neural control of pancreatic D cells, the pancreatic islets of the domestic fowl were examined electron microscopically from 1 to 28 days after abdominal vagotomy. Exocytotic release of many secretory granules from D cells occurred one day after vagotomy. Rough endoplasmic reticulum developed and formed an arrangement of concentric whorls in the cytoplasm of D cells after axotomy. The altered D cells were also characterized by the occurrence of many peculiar dense bodies in the apical cytoplasm at all time periods studied. These bodies varied in shape and size, containing several round vesicles. The D cells were extensively depleted of granules after the longer time periods following vagotomy. The present results provide new morphological evidence for the vagus-nerve control of D cells, which may regulate the activity of islet cells.
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  • 47
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    Cell & tissue research 211 (1980), S. 191-206 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Transplants ; Vasopressin ; Median eminence ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Blocks of anterior hypothalamus were transplanted from 19 day-old fetuses of Wistar/Lewis rats into the third ventricle of adult male Brattleboro rats. Physiological changes in graft recipients and in sham-operated animals were monitored daily. Twenty days after surgery, the graft recipients and shamoperated animals were killed and their brains examined by correlative scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Host animals that exhibited both decreased polydipsia and increased urine concentration were found to have viable grafts within the third ventricle. The observed physiological changes suggested that synthesis and release of vasopressin occurred in the transplanted neurons. Grafts were well vascularized by vessels arising from the host hypothalamus. Neurons, with perikarya ranging from 8 to 30 μm in diameter, glial cells, and neurites were located throughout the transplants. A neurohemal contact zone, similar to that normally seen in the median eminence, could not be demonstrated in the grafts. The absence of complete glial and ependymal barriers indicates a relatively close association between cells in the transplants and the cerebrospinal fluid. A large increase in supraependymal neurons and their processes, including an eruption of neurons through the floor of the third ventricle in one animal, was observed in graft recipients but not in shamoperated animals.
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  • 48
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    Cell & tissue research 206 (1980), S. 303-318 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Area postrema, rat ; Ependyma ; Cyst ; Circumventricular organs ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Peculiar cells forming cysts were observed in the area postrema and sometimes also in the choroid plexus and the tela chorioidea near the area postrema, and were studied in detail by electron microscopy. The cytological features of the cyst cell and its junctional relationship to neighboring cells imply that cyst cells are derived from ependymal and choroid epithelial cells. The cyst cells usually contact directly the perivascular spaces of postremal, choroidal or pial capillaries, where the cytoplasm is often considerably attenuated. The cystic lumen is commonly filled with a flocculent material. The limiting membrane of the cystic lumen, which frequently bears cilia and microvilli, has the same thickness as the surface cell membrane. In many cases, the cyst is surrounded by the cytoplasm of a single cell. In some cases, however, two cells participate in the formation of the cyst, although one is only a slender process and joined by a zonula occludens with the main cyst cell. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injected into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space failed to enter the cystic lumen. A possible significance of the cyst in relation to the CSF and blood circulation was considered.
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  • 49
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    Cell & tissue research 210 (1980), S. 447-459 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lipid ; Kidney tubules, proximal ; Autoradiography ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lipid metabolism in the cells of the renal proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) was investigated in healthy fowls and in fowls with the Fatty Liver and Kidney Syndrome (FLKS). The tissue was fixed at 10–25 min intervals after intravenous injection of 3H-oleic acid. The distribution of autoradiographic grains was analysed by the “circle method”. In normal cells most of the silver grains were associated with the cytoplasmic organelles. Lipid droplets and Golgi elements had the highest specific activity relative to the nuclear activity, which was little above background level. Lysosome-like bodies and mitochondria had lower values. In the cells of the FLKS-affected birds a large proportion of the grains was located over the lipid droplets, which are abundant in this condition. The specific activity of the cytoplasmic organelles was barely 2-fold higher than the nuclear activity. The results suggest that there is a diminished incorporation of esterified fatty acids by the organelles of these cells and that the excess is transferred to the lipid droplets. The identity of low electron density particles observed in the PCT cells of severely affected birds is discussed.
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  • 50
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    Cell & tissue research 211 (1980), S. 331-343 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gut hormones ; Endocrine cells ; Electron microscopy ; Immunocytochemistry ; Peptidergic innervation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Histological, cytochemical and immunocytochemical methods were used in light and electron microscopical studies to demonstrate the presence of a neuroendocrine system in the gut of the urodele, Salamandra salamandra. Cytochemical stains capable of detecting peptide-producing endocrine cells demonstrate cells reacting with Masson's silver (argentaffin) method, Grimelius' argyrophil silver method, masked metachromasia method and the lead haematoxylin stain. Using antisera raised to a variety of mammalian gut peptides, cells containing bombesin-, gastrin-, somatostatin-, substance P- and glucagon-like immunoreactivity were identified; vasoactive intestinal polypeptide- and substance P-like immunoreactivities were found in nerve fibres in the submucous and myenteric plexus. No immunoreactivity was detected for motilin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, cholecystokinin or secretin. The ultrastructure of the immunoreactive cells and nerves was revealed by the semithin/thin method. All the cells identified contained numerous electrondense secretory granules, which varied in their chracteristic morphological structure from one cell type to another. The evidence collected in this study indicates that a complex neuroendocrine system regulating gut function is present in this amphibian and may have developed prior to the emergence of the phylum.
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  • 51
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    Cell & tissue research 210 (1980), S. 269-282 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Monoaminergic neurons ; Retina ; Amacrine cells ; Neurotoxins ; Mudpuppy, Necturus maculosus ; Neurotransmitters ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The mudpuppy retina was investigated with the histofluorescence method of Falck and Hillarp in normal animals and in animals injected intraocularly with α-methylnoradrenaline, 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine, or a combination of the two drugs. Catecholaminergic amacrine cells were found to form a thin layer of terminals at the border between the inner nuclear and the inner plexiform layers. Catecholaminergic interplexiform cells were not found. Indoleamine-accumulating amacrine cells were also observed. They are fifteen to twenty times more numerous than the catecholaminergic cells, and their terminals occur diffusely throughout the inner plexiform layer. In a number of eyes the majority of the indoleamine-accumulating terminals were eliminated with intraocular injections of the neurotoxin, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine, but the reproducibility of this effect was not consistent. Intravitreal injections of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine were used to label both types of neurons for electron microscopy. They were found to make conventional type synapses on amacrine cells and, less frequently, on bipolar cells.
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  • 52
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    Cell & tissue research 210 (1980), S. 353-357 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Merkel cells (reptiles) ; Epidermis ; Lizard ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Examination of the labial epidermis of the lizard Lacerta sicula revealed cells displaying all features of Merkel cells. These cells are located in the stratum basale of epidermal pegs and are arranged in clusters.
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  • 53
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    Cell & tissue research 211 (1980), S. 293-301 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Paneth cell ; Hibernation ; Intestine ; Hypothermia ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of Paneth cells from jejuno-ileal segments of the small intestine of the ground squirrel, S. lateralis, was examined under normal euthermic conditions and during the profoundly depressed metabolic conditions of natural hibernation. Paneth cells obtained from hibernating animals gave evidence of markedly reduced activity when compared to Paneth cells from euthermic animals. In hibernating animals, the nuclei were smaller, with less prominent nucleoli and with an increased proportion of heterochromatin. In hibernating animals, the rough endoplasmic reticulum was fragmentary and poorly organized, in contrast to the typical arrangement of concentric lamellae seen in euthermic animals. Although the total number of ribosomes was decreased in hibernating animals, there were proportionally more free ribosomes than in euthermic animals. Paneth cells from hibernating animals also contained a greater number of apical secretory granules which were smaller and more variable in electron density than granules from control animals. These ultrastructural features indicate that during hibernation the Paneth cell is relatively quiescent.
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  • 54
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    Cell & tissue research 207 (1980), S. 511-517 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Female hamster ; Harderian gland ; Testosterone ; Tubular clusters ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Distinct differences occur in the pigmentation and ultrastructural features of the Harderian glands in male and female hamsters. The results of a study on the effect of testosterone on the fine structure of the female Harderian glands are presented here. Glands from three groups of hamsters were examined at intervals up to 49 days: (1) testosterone injected, receiving 2mg testosterone propionate in 0.1 ml sesame oil per day; (2) sham-injected, receiving 0.1 ml sesame oil per day; (3) untreated controls. Testosterone injections caused a reduction in the number of dark-brown pigment granules in the acinar cells starting on the 6th day, whereas clusters of tubules, typical of adult male glands, appeared on the 4th day and increased in number thereafter. Lamellar structures, normally present in the female gland, decreased in testosterone treated specimens. These changes reversed after cessation of testosterone treatment. It is concluded that exogenous testosterone administered to female hamsters modifies the pigmentation and ultrastructure of their Harderian glands towards the male type and that this is a reversable phenomenon. There also appears to be an inverse relationship between the presence of tubular clusters in the acinar cells, and the degree of pigmentation.
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  • 55
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    Cell & tissue research 208 (1980), S. 171-181 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Microtubules ; Dendritic spine apparatus ; Synapse ; Development ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using techniques for enhanced microtubular preservation, including albumin pretreatment (Gray, 1975), occipital cortex of rats was studied electron microscopically at various ages of development. A close structural relationship was seen between microtubules, sacs of SER and the postsynaptic “thickening” in primordial spines and with the dense “plate” material of spine apparatuses. Stereoscopic preparations in addition show a more complicated substructure than previously described for the “plate”. Microtubules may contribute to the formation of the “plate” of the spine apparatus which in turn is associated with the postsynaptic “thickening” of the mature spine. Possible functional correlates are discussed.
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  • 56
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    Cell & tissue research 209 (1980), S. 131-135 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Skeletal muscle ; Bupivacaine ; Degeneration ; Satellite cells ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rat lumbrical muscles were incubated in a concentration of 10-2 M bupivacaine for 5 or 15 min and examined after further incubation in the absence of the drug for periods totalling 1, 2, and 3h. Electron microscopy showed that muscle fibers and their component organelles and myonuclei underwent a series of irreversible degenerative changes. However, satellite cells retained their normal morphology under similar conditions. It is concluded that satellite cells are responsible for the rapid regeneration of muscles that follows degeneration induced by bupivacaine. The role of satellite cells in muscle regeneration is discussed.
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  • 57
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    Cell & tissue research 207 (1980), S. 135-142 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Caudal neurosecretory system ; Poeciliidae ; Electron microscopy ; Salinity changes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The urophysis or neurohemal contact site of the caudal neurosecretory system of Mollienesia sphenops, the black molly, was studied in animals adapted to an artificial seawater environment. This species of fish was chosen for these studies because of its known ability to osmoregulate and its adaptability to the laboratory aquarium. The urophysis of freshwater acclimated mollys contained an abundance of neurosecretory granules. However, in fish subjected to a seawater environment for one week the number of neurosecretory granules was significantly decreased. In addition, there was an increase in blood cell infiltration of the urophysis.
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  • 58
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Juxtaglomerular apparatus ; Sympathetic innervation ; Renin-angiotensin system ; Electron microscopy ; Fluorescence microscopy ; Tupaia belangeri ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary It has previously been reported that the primitive primate Tupaia belangeri develops a renal failure when exposed to psychosocial stress. In order to learn if this high susceptibility to stress of the Tupaia kidney can be correlated with morphological and functional parameters of the Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) and the renin-angiotensin system, comparative experiments were performed on Tupaia and rat. Our results reveal an outstandingly high potency of the JGA and the renin-angiotensin system in Tupaia as evident from the following findings: The Tupaia JGA contains a great number of epithelioid cells abounding in renin granules (electron microscopy). The renin content of the Tupaia kidney is considerably higher than in the rat (radio-immunoassay). The sympathetic innervation of the kidney and especially of the JGA is abundant in Tupaia (fluorescence and electron microscopy). Catecholamine contents of the kidney and other organs are significantly higher in Tupaia than in rats (spectrophotofluorometry). Our results support the previously developed concept of a potent intrarenal neuroendocrine interaction at the JGA level favouring, under certain conditions of social stress, the development of acute renal failure in Tupaia belangeri.
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  • 59
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    Cell & tissue research 212 (1980), S. 465-474 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Postcapillary venules ; Calf ; Lymph nodes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structure of the postcapillary “high endothelial venules” (HEV) of lymph nodes in calves was studied light and electron microscopically. These venules were detected light microscopically in the paracortical zone by their high cuboidal endothelium, a distinct basal lamina, the migration of lymphocytes through the vessel wall, and the dominance of lymphoid cells in the lumen, often completely obliterating the latter. Ultrastructurally, the endothelial cells (HEC) of the HEV were characterized by a prominent Golgi complex including many small vesicles, a few lysosome-like bodies, and a specific association between mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum (MER). The HEC are connected by desmosomes, whereas the intimate contact points between migrating lymphocytes and endothelial cells could not be classified according to the well-defined junctional types. Lymphocyte migration occurred predominantly intercellularly, i.e., between endothelial cells. Although the overall appearance of the described vessel type in bovines bears resemblance to HEV in other investigated species, several differences occur that most probably are related to species variation.
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  • 60
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    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 226 (1980), S. 85-92 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Cholesteatom ; Knochenzerstörung ; Elektronenmikroskopie ; Cholesteatoma ; Bone destruction ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Biopsy specimens were obtained at ear surgery of patients with cholesteatoma otitis and were studied by electron microscopy. The osseous tissue decalcified in EDTA demonstrated degradation of collagen matrix as well as extensive degeneration of bone cells. The surface of the eroded bone was found to be in direct contact with the subepithelial connective tissue or the granulation, but not with the keratinizing squamous epithelium of matrix. These results indicate that the bone destruction by cholesteatoma is of non-osteoclastic type and lend support to the view that the keratinizing squamous epithelium do not participate in bone destruction. On the ultrastructural basis, the inflammatory process in the soft tissue adjacent to bone and extensive degeneration of bone cells are considered as cardinal factors for bone destruction in this disease.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung von Knochenbiopsien bei Cholesteatomoperationen zeigt Veränderungen der kollagenen Knochenmatrix sowie eine ausgedehnte Degeneration von Knochenzellen. Dabei findet sich die Oberfläche des veränderten Knochens in direktem Kontakt mit dem subepithelialen Bindegewebe oder mit Granulationen, nicht aber mit dem Plattenepithel selbst. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, daß entzündliche Prozesse in den dem Knochen benachbarten Bindegewebslagen vorwiegend für die Knochenzerstörung bei Cholesteatom verantwortlich sind.
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    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 229 (1980), S. 55-68 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Erbliche Taubheit ; Katze ; Elektronenmikroskop ; Membrana tectoria ; Hereditary deafness ; Cat ; Electron microscopy ; Tectorial membrane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The tectorial membrane is affected at an early stage of the cochlear degeneration in the hereditarily deaf white cat. The membrane first descends towards the organ of Corti with obliteration of the intervening sub-tectorial space in the basal coil during the second post-natal week. Both the microvilli of supporting and Hensen's cells, and the hair cell stereocilia make deep indentations on the under-surface of the membrane. Cells are found insinuated between the tectorial membrane and Corti's organ, and numerous cellular processes occur within the former. A phagocytic function would appear probable for these cells, which seem to originate from the internal sulcus region. The membrane is retracted into the latter around the 2-month stage. At all ages, small spherical structures, which may represent altered interdental cell secretions, are found within the membrane, these becoming calcified in older animals.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Veränderungen in der Membrana tectoria treten in einer frühen Phase der cochlearen Degeneration bei der weißen Katze mit erblicher Taubheit auf. Die Membran bewegt sich erst gegen das Cortische Organ mit Obliteration des dazwischenliegenden subtectorialen Raumes in der zweiten postnatalen Woche. Sowohl die Mikrovilli der Hensenschen Zellen und die der Stützzellen als die Stereozilien der Haarzellen machen tiefe Eindrücke auf der Unterseite der Membran. Zellen sind zwischen Membrana tectoria und dem Cortischen Organ gefunden, und viele zellulare Prozesse entstehen innerhalb Membrana tectoria. Eine phagocytotische Funktion würde für diese Zellen möglich sein, die aus der Region des Sulcus internus zu stammen scheinen. Bei älteren Tieren ist die Membran gegen den Sulcus internus retraktiert. Für alle Altersstufen findet man kleine spherischen Strukturen, die veränderte interdentale Zellensekrete vertreten können. Diese Strukturen werden innerhalb der Membran gefunden, und sind bei älteren Tieren verkalkt.
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  • 62
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The results of calculations of the transition energies and polarization in nucleotide bases performed by the CNDO/S CI method are compared with experimental data for long-wavelength and vacuumabsorption bands. The calculations and the analysis of experimental data testify to the existence of n - π* transitions in the first absorption bands of the bases. The study of double-stranded polynucleotides and DNA hypochromism based on the theoretical electronic characteristics of the bases and perturbation theory is performed. The role of stacking and complementary interactions within the hypochromic effect is cleared up. Two mechanisms for the shift of the fluorescence band maximum are investigated: two-proton transfer along H bonds and excimer formation. The study of H-bond potential curves shows the disadvantage of two-proton phototautomerism in the nucleotide base pairs in contrast to model systems. The possibility of excimer state formation in stacked homo- and heterodimers of nucleotide bases is shown within the extended-Hückel treatment. The nature of excimer minimum for the excited-state potential curve is analyzed.
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  • 63
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 531-547 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) equations are derived up to the second order when the system is perturbed by a monochromatic plane wave. The solutions of the equations are subjected to the orthonormalization conditions satisfied by the orbitals. In the equations, these conditions are expressed by the appearing of coefficients λjkn,ε playing the part of Lagrangian multipliers. Relations between the coefficients λjkn,ε are established. These relations are equivalent to the above-mentioned orthonormalization conditions. This equivalence enables us to substitute for the solution of an integrodifferential equation system subject to constraint conditions, that of a free system. The TDHF equations obtained determine the first- and second-order orbital perturbations, which no doubt verify the orthonormalization conditions. These orbitals can be used in the calculation, up to second order, of different nonlinear optical effects.
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  • 64
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 596-596 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 65
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 619-629 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Pair correlation in the ground state of the Li isoelectronic sequence is studied through four approximate wave functions which incorporate inter- and intrashell pair correlation. Of these functions, two possess symmetry appropriate to a three-electron system, while two do not. The functions are not variational functions in the usual sense. They are instead fixed linear combinations of products of orbitals and pair functions for the appropriate states of two-electron atoms. They are considered here as zero-order approximations to the exact wave functions, and the corresponding zero-order Hamiltonians are obtained. The simplest of these functions is improved by the introduction of a screening parameter for the “outer” electron. This latter function is found to be a satisfactory compromise between accuracy and simplicity and is proposed for study via higher-order perturbation theory.
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  • 66
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 599-608 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio calculations of various expectation energies have been made for the reactant and product species in six reactions that involve only small linear molecules. The reactions include fission by hydrogen, addition of hydrogen, exchange of triply bonded atoms, fluorination, and oxygen atom transfer. The change in total electronic energy is not invariably the result of changes in inner shell energy and outer shell σ- and π-electron energies simply augmenting each other, but in several cases there is a complex interplay of opposing effects. This approach gives a different insight into the energetic aspects of changes in bonding from that derived from the concept of shared electron pairs in σ and π bonds together with lone pairs in valence shells. Changes in π-electron energy are shown to be important in a reaction in which neither reactant nor product molecules contain π bonds in the usual chemical sense. While in a reaction in which there is a complete change in the nature of the triple bonds, and hence the π bonding, the change in π-electron energy makes a smaller contribution than either the change in inner shell or the outer shell σ-electron energies.
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  • 67
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We use a previously proposed variation-perturbation method to calculate the electric polarizabilities and the electric dipole moment at equilibrium nuclear distance of the BH molecule. We obtain 3.56 × 10-24 cm3 for the perpendicular polarizability αxx and 3.22 × 10-24 cm3 for the parallel polarizability αzz. Our result for the electric dipole moment μ0 is 1.734 debye units; there is no reliable experimental result to compare it with.
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  • 68
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 549-586 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The resonance energy of conjugated benzenoid systems is expressed as contributions arising from independent conjugated circuits. The scheme has been applied to numerous very large conjugated systems. In many cases, it was possible to find regularities in the increments for the resonance energy within a family of benzenoid systems as the number of benzene rings is increased.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 595-595 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 609-618 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A previously given iterative procedure to improve wave functions is analyzed. Its relationship with other well-known approximation methods is investigated. Hypervirial operators depending on a real parameter are proposed and their connection with the employment of an infinite number of hypervirial relations is analyzed. A way to use formulas that are valid for exact eigenfunctions in the case of approximate functions is presented. Formal results are applied to the harmonic oscillator and hydrogen atom models in order to show their practical utilization.
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  • 71
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 651-671 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio MO calculations, using both minimal (STO-3G) and extended (Roos-Siegbahn) basis sets are reported for the systems methanethiol-imidazole, methanethiol-imidazole-formaldehyde, and methanethiol-imidazole-formamide, which, together with a point-change representation of a long α-helix, form models for the active site of papain. It is shown that the large electric field exerted by the helix in the active-site region is responsible for the presence of the essential residues Cys 25 and His 159 in the form of an ion pair RS- ··· ImH+, which is crucial for a recently proposed mechanism for the catalytic action of the enzyme. Also, an explanation is given for the anomalies in measured pK values for these residues. Detailed studies on the (sub)systems show that minimal basis sets lack the flexibility necessary for describing the type of proton transfer involved. We conclude that α-helices are essential parts of enzymes and that they play a significant role in the catalytic process.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 72
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 679-687 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A generalization of optimized diatomics-in-molecules method that provides an accurate treatment of overlap integrals is presented. The possibilities of the method to reproduce potential surfaces of the 4B2, 2B2, and 2A1 states of the H3 molecule are investigated. It is shown that satisfactory results can be achieved only for a single state under consideration, but not for the three states simultaneously.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 73
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 719-724 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio SCF calculations carried out on the planar cluster CuCl42- suggest that the strong satellites at the high-binding energy side of inner-shell ESCA lines of Cu are due to charge relaxations in the σ-bonding orbitals which mix with Cu 3d. The satellite state with the largest intensity may be described as a one-electron excitation Cu 3d → Cl 3p.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 74
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 975-982 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A modification of the overlap approximation for triplet pair correlation energies is presented. The modification allows the use of either the canonical absolute overlap or the minimum absolute overlap. When applied to the b 3∑u+ state of H2, this approximation reproduces the observed correlation energy to within 0.0002 hartree (or ±3%) for all internuclear distances from 1.3 bohr to infinity.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 75
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 1039-1041 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 76
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 1042-1042 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 77
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 1069-1074 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Le rǒle de la nonadditivité pour l'énergie d'interaction entre trois molécules de LiH a été examiné dans le cadre de la méthode ab-initio-SCF. La partie nonadditive de l'énergie d'interaction est plus importante pour une structure cyclique que pour un trimère linéaire; elle est stabilisante dans les deux cas. La valeur du rapport entre les termes à deux et à trois corps pour des points différents sur l'hypersurface de l'énergie est discutée.
    Abstract: Die Bedeutung der Nichtadditivität in der Wechselwirkungsenergie zwischen drei LiH-Molekülen ist im Rahmen des ab-initio-SCF-Verfahrens untersucht worden. Der nichtadditive Teil der Wechselwirkungsenergie ist wichtiger für eine zyklische Struktur als in einem linearen Trimer; er ist in beiden Fallen stabilisierend. Das Verhältnis zwischen Zwei- und Dreikörperglieder für verschiedene Punkte auf der Energiehyperfläche wird diskutiert.
    Notes: The role of nonadditivity of the interaction energy between three LiH molecules was investigated within the SCF ab initio framework. The nonadditive part of the interaction energy is more important in the case of a cyclic structure than in a linear trimer, and is stabilizing in both cases. The value of the ratio of three-body and two-body terms for different points on the energy hypersurface is discussed.
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  • 78
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 1099-1109 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Des développments gaussiens complètement optimisés des fonctions hydrogénoïdes de type 1s, 2pz, 3dxy, et 4fxyz ont été pratiquement reproduits par une construction spéciale des paramètres variationnels. L'utilité des fonctions génératrices utilisées est discutée brièvement.
    Abstract: Vollständig optimisierte Gaussentwicklungen wasserstoffähnlicher Funktionen von Typ 1s, 2pz, 3dxy, und 4fxyz sind mittels eines speziellen Verfahrens für die bestimmung der Variationsparameter praktisch reproduziert worden. Der Nutzen der angewandten erzeugenden Funktionen wird kurz diskutiert.
    Notes: Fully optimized lengthy Gaussian expansions of hydrogenic 1s and 2pz functions have been practically reproduced by generating the variational parameters by means of suitably chosen functions involving only few parameters. Hydrogenic 3dxy and 4fxyz functions have been approximated in a similar way. The usefulness of such generating functions is briefly discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 79
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 1125-1141 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: L'approximation HF présentée dans la partie I a été testée par rapport à plusieurs propriétés moléculaires. Trois niveaux d'aproximation différents a, b, et c sont considérés. Des résultats satisfaisants - en comparaison avec des calculs HF “exacts” - sont obtenus avec la base STO-3G et le niveau a. A ce niveau-ci l'erreur dans l'énergie de liaison est de 0.001-0.025 a.u. pour toutes les molécules considérées, qui contiennent jusqu'à six atomes de la première ligne comme par exemple le cyclopentanone (C5OH8). L'erreur dans les énergies de réaction traitées ici est d'environ 4 kcal/mol (l'erreur maximale est de 9 kcal/mol). Les énergies orbitalaires, les moments dipolaires, les charges brutes, les géométries d'équilibres et les barrières de rotation interne sont bien reproduits par notre méthode à tous les trois niveaux.
    Abstract: Die HF-Näherungsmethode, welche im Teil I vorgestellt wurde, wird an einigen Moleküleigenschaften getestet. Drei Näherungsstufen a, b, und c werden untersucht. Zufriedenstellende Ergebnisse - verglichen mit entsprechenden “exakten” HF-Rechnungen - erhält man mit der STO-3G Basis und der Näherungsstufe a. Bei dieser Näherung ist der Fehler in der Bindungsenergie 0.001-0.025 a.u. für alle untersuchten Moleküle, welche bis zu 6 Atome der 1. Reihe enthalten, wie z.B. Cyclopentanon (C5OH8). Der Fehler in den hier behandelten Reaktionsenergien beträgt etwa 4 kcal/mol (der maximale Fehler beträgt 9 kcal/mol). Orbitalenergien, Diplolmomente, Bruttoladungen, Gleichgewichtsgeometrien und Rotationsbarrieren werden durch die Näherungsmethode bei allen Näherungsstufen gut wiedergegeben.
    Notes: The HF approximation method that was outlined in Paper I is tested with respect to several molecular properties. Three different levels of approximation a, b, and c are considered. Satisfactory results - compared to corresponding “exact” HF calculations - are obtained with the STO-3G basis and the approximation level a. At this level the error in the binding energy is 0.001-0.025 a.u. for all considered molecules which contain up to six first-row atoms as, e.g., cyclopentanone (C5OH8). The error in the reaction energies considered here is about 4 kcal/mol (the maximal error is 9 kcal/mol). Orbital energies, dipole moments, gross charges, equilibrium geometries, and barriers to internal rotation are well reproduced by the approximation method at all three levels.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 80
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 995-1006 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The influence of side-chain disorder on the electronic structure of proteins has been investigated in the case of polypeptides containing two or three different amino acid residues. It has been found that due to the different potentials of different side-chain groups, the original valence and conduction bands of the homopolypeptides are split into narrow bands. The comparison of the densities of electronic states in simple homopolypeptides and in composite polymers shows that new forbidden regions in the energy spectrum of proteins may develop. The consequences of these effects for the semiconductive properties of proteins are discussed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 81
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 1031-1037 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In a previous paper, a scheme of integral approximation was proposed, in which a large number of two-electron integrals containing a certain kind of orbital pairs, i.e., weakly related pairs, can be neglected. A new criterion for partitioning orbital pairs into two groups, i.e., strongly and weakly related pairs, is introduced in order to allow for neglect of more integrals without sacrificing the accuracy of a computation. Test calculations on the BH3—C2H4 complex show that by the use of the new version, results of roughly the same accuracy as was obtained by the old version is obtained by retaining 80% of the integrals used in the old version. This kind of saving is more significant for larger molecules. For example, in a calculation on Cu-porphine with 203 CGTO'S, the revised version will require about 2.0 × 106 integrals, while the original version will require about 4.5 × 106. And these two approximate calculations are expected to give the results of roughly the same accuracy.
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  • 82
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cooperative phenomena may be involved in the biological effects of magnetic fields (H), since its effects on isolated atoms or ions, at room temperature, are very weak. It is suggested that interactions at the social level can considerably increase the efficiency of H in orienting the displacements of animals. This effect is discussed with a simple mathematical model inspired on superparamagnetism. In case of very weak interactions of H with isolated animals, it suggests that orientation could only be made visible through cooperativity at the social level. These results are generalized to other physical stimuli and effects, leading to the concept of cooperative sensory response, i.e., a group response to an external physical agent even when its effect on isolated members of the group is undetectable.
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  • 83
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: En déterminant les paramètres des jeux de base dans des environnements moléculaires par d'autres critères que l'énergie totale, il est démontré qu'une généralisation de la base pour des fragments moléculaires peut ětre obtenue, dans laquelle les propriétés géométriques et celles de la structure électronique sont prédites considérablement mieux qu'avec des bases de taille semblable. Comme premier pas dans le développement d'une série de bases avec une flexibilité et une précision de plus en plus prononcée, on a construit plusieurs jeux de base de type simple zéta avec une contraction gaussienne pour chaque orbitale de base. Les meilleures de ces bases donnent des propriétés géométriques et électroniques pour une série de molécules organiques avec'une précision meilleure que celle obtenue par la base correspondante de type STO-2G et semblable dans la plupart des cas à STO-3G. En outre cette base peut ětre utilisée soit avec des gaussiennes cartésiennes, soit avec des gaussiennes sphériques flottantes.
    Abstract: Durch eine Bestimmung von Basissatzparametern in Molekülumgebungen mit anderen Kriterien als der Gesamtenergie wird gezeigt, dass eine Verallgemeinerung des Molekülfragmentsbasissatzes erhalten werden kann, mit welchem geometrischen und Elektronstruktureigenschaften beträchtlich besser als mit anderen Basissätzen ähnlicher Grösse vorhergesagt werden können. Als erster Schritt in der Entwicklung einer Reihe von Basissätzen mit sukzessiv grösserer Flexibilität und Genauigkeit werden mehrere Basissätze von Einzelzetatyp durch eine Gauss'sche Kontraktion für jedes Basisorbital konstruiert. Mit den besten dieser Basissätze werden geometrische und elektronische Eigen-schaften für eine Reihe von organischen Molekülen mit besserer Genauigkeit als dem entsprechenden STO-2G Basissatz und in vielen Fallen ähnlich dem STO-2G Satz erhalten. Weiter wird gezeiget, dass dieser Basissatz mit sowohl Cartesischen als fliesseden sphärischen Gaussfunktionen vereinbar ist.
    Notes: By determining basis set parameters in molecular environments using other criteria than total energy, it is shown that a generalization of the molecular fragment basis can be obtained in which calculated geometric and electronic structural properties are predicted substantially better than with other basis sets of similar size. As a first step in the development of a series of basis sets having successively greater flexibility and accuracy, several single-zeta basis sets are created, using a two-Gaussian contraction for each basis orbital. The best of these basis sets produced calculated geometric and electronic properties for a series of molecules that model a wide variety of organic molecules that are of better accuracy than the corresponding STO-2G basis, and similar in most cases to STO-3G. In addition, the basis set is shown to be applicable in either a Cartesian Gaussian basis or a floating spherical Gaussian basis.
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  • 84
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 1111-1123 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Une méthode est proposée, qui réduit considérablement le travail numérique dans un calcul HF en réduisant le nombre d'intégrales à deux électrons qui doivent ětre calculées. Les procédés suivants sont utilisés: (i) la densité électronique est approximée par un petit nombre de fonctions pour la partie de Coulomb de la matrice HF; (ii) cette densité approchée est modifiée pour améliorer son potentiel; (iii) dans la partie d'échange une fonction de base χ est remplacée par une fonction \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \tilde \chi $\end{document} avec un nombre moindre de lobes gaussines; (iv) l'érreur causée par ce remplacement-ci est réduite par une modification des densités \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \tilde \chi _i \tilde \chi _j $\end{document} dans les intégrales d'échange. Le temps de calcul pour les intégrales est réduit par un facteur 6 pour des molécules contenant cinq atomes de la première ligne comme par exemple CF4, si l'on utilise une base 7S/3P contractée à (5, 1, 1/3). Le temps augmente approximativement avec n3, si n est le nombre de lobes gaussiens.
    Abstract: Eine Methode wird vorgeschlagen, welche den numerischen Aufwand von Hartree-Foch Rechnungen dadurch verringert, indem die Zahl der zu berechnenden Zweielektronenintegrale reduziert wird. Dabei werden folgende Konzepte verwendet: (i) Zur Berechnung des Coulombanteils der HF Matrix wird die Elektronendichte durch wenig Funktionen approximiert. (ii) Die approximierte Dichte wird so modifiziert, daß ihr Potential verbessert wird. (iii) Zur Berechnung des Austauschanteils wird eine Basisfunktion χ durch eine Funktion \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \tilde \chi $\end{document} ersetzt, welche weniger Gauss-lobes enthält. (iv) Der dadurch hervorgerufene Fehler wird durch eine Änderung der in den Austauschintegralen vorkommenden Dichten \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \tilde \chi _i \tilde \chi _j $\end{document} reduziert. Für Moleküle, welche 5 Atome der 1. Reihe enthalten, wie z.B. CF4, wird die Rechenzeit für den Integralteil um den Faktor 6 reduziert, wenn eine 7S/3P Basis kontrahiert zu (5, 1, 1/3) verwendet wird. Die Integralzeit nimmt etwa mit der 3. Potenz der Zahl der Gauss-lobes zu.
    Notes: A method is proposed that reduces the computational effort of HF calculations considerably by reducing the number of two-electron integrals that have to be calculated. The following concepts are used: (i) approximation of the electron density by only few functions for the Coulomb part of the HF matrix; (ii) modification of this approximate density, to improve its Coulomb field; (iii) in the exchange part, a basis function χ is replaced by a function \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \tilde \chi $\end{document} consisting of fewer Gaussian lobes; (iv) the error caused by this replacement is reduced by a modification of the densities \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \tilde \chi _i \tilde \chi _j $\end{document} in the exchange integrals. The computation time of the integral part is reduced by a factor 6 for molecules containing five first-row atoms as, e.g., CF4, if one uses a 7S/3P basis set contracted to (5, 1, 1/3). The integral time increases roughly with n3, if n is the number of Gaussian lobes.
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  • 85
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980) 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 86
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 3-9 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A hierarchy of necessary conditions that an exact density matrix of a pure state or an ensemble has to satisfy is derived, namely the hermiticity of certain operators F(k). For k = 1 this reduces to the well-known Hartree-Fock condition. It is then shown that the kth set of conditions is equivalent to stationarity of the energy with respect to unitary k-particle transformations. k-Particle generalizations of Hartree-Fock theory are then discussed both in the spirit of k-particle pseudoeigenvalue equations and in the framework of a Newton-Raphson-type constructive scheme.
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  • 87
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 275-280 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The binding energy spectra for the valence orbitals of hydrogen chloride have been obtained using the binary (e,2e) method at 1200 eV. The strength of the innermost valence orbital (4σ) is severely split among several ion states in the energy range 25 to 41 eV. The measured cross sections are compared with results of calculations using contracted Gaussian basis sets of double-zeta quality, and with a one-particle Green's function calculation.
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  • 88
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 307-310 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The charge exchange process in the intervalence (mixed-valence) system is interpreted in terms of the nonstationary state mechanism which is a well-known approach for rationalizing the molecular tautomerism process. The two kinds of processes are viewed in a close analogy in the sense that both involve a pair of near-degenerate levels in a double-well potential. However, a comparison is made between the two cases to demonstrate that an electron moves not only faster but also farther in distance than a nucleus does.
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  • 89
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Traditionally, the calculation of the vibrational spectra of molecules involves at one point or another a numerical differentiation procedure. Such a method has some serious drawbacks both in efficiency and in accuracy. In this paper, an alternative method based on linear response theory is presented. The second derivative of the ground-state energy is expressed in terms of the electron density response matrix by means of perturbation theory. The unperturbed wave functions are obtained from the Hartree-Fock equation. First-order perturbation theory applied to this equation leads to the Hartree-Fock linear response. As an illustration of this method the vibrational frequency of a H2 molecule is calculated. The result is 1.348 × 1014 Hz as compared to the experimental value of 1.319 × 1014 Hz. This method is also applicable in the calculation of the phonon dispersion curves of solids.
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  • 90
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 393-396 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A brief account of a quantum chemistry literature data base (QCLDB) is described, which contains the key information of about 2000 papers of ab initio calculations of atoms and molecules published in 1977-1979. The QCLDB is stored in a computer and can be sorted and rearranged into author and substance indices. Selection of the items for each paper in a computer-readable data base is discussed.
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  • 91
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Metal chelates [(C2H2X2)2M]n with ligating atoms X = NH, O, S and central atoms M = Be2+, Mg2+, Ni2+, Zn2+ (n = 0, ± 2), and M = Li+, Cu+ (n = ± 1, -3), have been studied in our Laboratory for some years by ab initio calculations. In this article it is shown that certain features of the complexes are the same for all the different metals in our series. These features include a drastic reduction of the energy gap between unoccupied and occupied orbitals, when electrons are added to the positively charged complexes. This change of the energy gap is shown to be an effect of the ligand dimer [(C2H2X2)2]n. But this dimer can only exist when a positive ion, e.g., a metal ion, forms a bridge between the two monomers. The reduced energy gap implies a strong bathochromic shift of the electronic spectrum and low electrical resistivity.
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  • 92
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 457-462 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photoisomerization of imine compounds is studied in terms of an ab initio MO CI calculation. The potential curves of the syn-anti isomerization via the rotation and the inversion are examined for benzaldimine. It is suggested that the photoisomerization is initiated through the rotation around the C—N bond in both singlet and triplet states. The ease of the photoisomerization is found to be determined by both the conformation of phenyl ring in the ground state and the energy difference of vertically excited states between two isomers.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 493-500 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: To aid in designing new therapeutic iron chelating agents, the mechanism of iron binding to prototypic heterocyclic carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazones has been studied. Based on molecular orbital and spectroscopic studies, iron (II) is found to bind in a covalent manner, while iron(III) seems to interact ionically. However, with both iron(II) and iron(III), chelate formation is dependent on charge interaction between the metal and the coordinating atoms of the ligand.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 515-519 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The potential-energy curves for the movement of proton along the hydrogen-bond direction were calculated for the parent and cations produced from the β- decay of pyridine-pyrrole labeled by tritium (3H) or carbon-14(14C). For all cations the double minimum potential is predicted to be formed, and the activation energy for the proton transfer from one well to the other is about 10.0 kcal/mol, which is much lower than that in the (NH2—H—NH2)+ ion. A positional effect of nuclear transformation is scarcely expected in 3H β- decay, whereas a slight positional effect may be expected in 14C β- decay.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 533-537 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A theoretical study has been made on the translational or “rattling” motion of homonuclear diatomic molecules encaged in β-quinol clathrates. By the use of an adjustable parameter for the van der Waals radius, experimental results have been explained fairly well.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 501-508 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The problem of the existence of a prostaglandin (PG) receptor is still controversial, but it seems to be clear that the main action of the PGs concerns the interface of the cellular membrane (which has a predominantly lipid character) and the extracellular liquid (which mainly consists of water). Also especially in the case of the exogenous PGs, the transport of these substances in the organism in influenced by the hydrophilic-hydrophobic properties of the reactive molecules. These properties can be estimated by MO studies using a solvation model and a semiempirical method of calculation. This paper is concerned with the molecules of PGA1 and PGE1. MO studies were performed for these molecules with the CNDO/SW method in order to calculate ionization potentials, dipole moments, and molecular polarizabilities. With these computed molecular properties, the electrostatic and van der Waals interactions with water and octanol molecules are evaluated and compared within the framework of the original model. This study allows the differentiation of the hydrophilic-hydrophobic character of the PGs investigated and the comparison of the results with experimental data.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 189-191 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 607-613 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The range in ordinary space of a defect in a solid, polymer, or a large molecule is an important parameter in many physical and chemical situations like, e.g., substitutional and interstitial impurities in ionic crystals, deep and shallow energy levels in semiconductors, core holes in systems studied by photoelectron spectroscopy, and hydrogen in metals. Both the electronic structure and the lattice of the host molecule or solid are normally influenced by the defect, and it is desirable to treat, as far as possible, these two aspects together. An explicit procedure for investigating the degree of localization is proposed that is based on the direct calculation of Wannier functions and partitioning technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 619-623 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Exciton transfers in the two-dimensional and spin-canted antiferromagnet (C2H5NH3)2MnCl4 were studied by investigating the absorption spectra 6A1g → 4T2g(4D) of Mn2+. A magnon side band (exciton-magnon simultaneous excitation) which has an anomalous shape with the cutoffs at the low-energy as well as the high-energy sides was observed. This anomalous shape could be reproduced in calculation as magnon side band, considering both the intersublattice and intrasublattice exciton transfers. From the analysis of this band shape, the magnitudes of the intersublattice and intrasublattice exciton transfers are estimated to be 10.2 and 6.8 cm-1, respectively. In the case of simple antiferromagnets without spin canting, the intersublattice exciton transfer process is forbidden because of the spin angular momentum. However, in the case of (C2H5NH3)2MnCl4, the prohibition of the intersublattice exciton transfer is removed by the canted-spin arrangement.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 695-708 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new method has been proposed for calculating the Gaussian matrix elements of the interaction operator represented by an arbitrary degree of interelectron distance X12ρ. The method is based on the expansion of two-electron integrals as the sum of one-electron integrals which in turn admit compact operator representation in terms of confluent hypergeometric functions. The generating differential operator has been shown to be related to the modified Hermitian polynomials. The standard structure of the special functions encountered in this approach is useful in studying the analytical behavior of the integrals and makes it possible to obtain for these integrals recurrence relations, direct algebraic expressions in the forms of finite sum of confluent hypergeometric functions, integral representations, and asymptotic properties. Unlike the usual methods based on integral transformation of the interaction operator, the proposed approach has a wider field of application, and in addition, leads to compact and convenient analytical expressions. The idea of using differential properties of integrals to simplify the integrand structure gives the proposed approach a certain resemblance to that suggested by Boys but not developed in detail in his pioneer work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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