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  • Electronic Resource  (7,459)
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  • Electronic Resource  (7,459)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the Anatomic Changes in the Thoracic Cage After a Lung Resection Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2000)
    Springer
    Surgery today 30 (2000), S. 879-885 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: Key words Lung lobectomy ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Left ventricular geometry ; Mediastinum ; Diaphragm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The thoracic cage after a lung resection is filled by the remaining lobes, the elevated diaphragm, the diminished thoracic cage, and by mediastinal shifting. The changes in the thorax after a lung resection were quantified using magnetic resonance imaging. The study group consisted of 39 patients who had undergone a lobectomy, four who had undergone a pneumonectomy, and 14 controls. The left ventricular angle, ascending aortic angle, mediastinal shift, longitudinal length of the thoracic cage, the distance between the thoracic apex and the level of the aortic valve, and diaphragmatic elevation were all measured. After a right lower lobectomy, the mediastinum shifted more rightward than after a right upper lobectomy. The diaphragm became more greatly elevated after a right upper lobectomy than after a right lower lobectomy. When a chest wall resection was added to a right upper lobectomy, the mediastinal anatomical changes decreased. After a left upper lobectomy, the degree of mediastinal shifting was greater than after a left lower lobectomy. A left upper lobectomy shifted the mediastinum at the level of the right atrium. This method is easily reproducible and was found to be effective for quantifying the changes in the thorax after a lung resection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005950070038
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and structure of tetrakis(2,6-dichlorophenoxide) bis(THF) uranium(IV) (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 7-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: crystal structure ; uranium (IV) ; dichlorophenoxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The reaction of UCl4 with KO-2,6-Cl2C6H3 in tetrahydrofuran results in the preparation of the title compound. The six-coordinate complex possesses pseudo-octahedral geometry about uranium, with U-O(phenoxide) bond lengths in the range 2.161(11) to 2.178(10) Å and U-O(THF) bond lengths of 2.467(10) and 2.475(11) Å. This complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n (a = 11.169(2), b = 11.588(2), c = 35.119(5) Å, β = 92.11(1)°, V = 4542.2(13) Å3, and Z = 4).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009594612946
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and crystal structure of hexakis(N-methylimidazole) iron(II) pyridine-2-sulfonate (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 23-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: iron ; crystal structure ; synthesis ; N-methylimidazole
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The compound [Fe(C4H6N2)6][C5H4NSO3]2 crystallized in the monoclinic space group, P21/n with unit cell parameters: a = 13.676(3), b = 8.345(2), c = 18.663(4) Å, β = 106.40(3)° and Z = 2. The title compound consists of a [Fe(C4H6N2)6]+2 hexacoordinated iron(II) cation and two C5H4NSO− 3 anions. In the cation the iron atom is coordinated to six N-methylimidazole imine nitrogen atoms in a distorted octahedral arrangement. The N1,N5,N1i,N5i atoms are coplanar and the iron lies in this plane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009537830693
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal structure of [Cu2(II)(dmpa)2(p-Cl-C6H5COO)2] (Hdmpa = N,N-dimethyl-3-amino-1-propanol) (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 35-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: copper(II) ; aminoalcoholato ; hydrogen bonding ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The copper complex, [Cu2(II)(dmpa)2(p-Cl-C6H5COO)2], has been prepared and its structure determined using X-ray crystallography. The dimer is a di-μ2-alkoxo complex which is a five-coordinate copper dimer with unsupported alkoxo bridges. The complex crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with a = 11.384(2), b = 14.636(5), c = 9.609(2) Å, α = 100.07(2), β = 104.33(3), γ = 72.79(2)°, V = 1471.8(7) Å3, and Z = 2. The structure is comprised of discrete binuclear clusters in which the metal atoms are bridged by two alkoxo oxygens of the dmpa− ligands. The Cu-O and Cu-N distances are in good agreement with those found for other copper(II) aminoalcoholato complexes. The Cu···Cu distance is 2.9765(6) Å. In the crystal, every two dimeric coordination molecules are combined together by the recognition through intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions between the apical water molecule and the non-coordinated O atom from the p-chlorobenzoato ligand, forminga tetramer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009542031602
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and crystal structure of manganese(III) hydroxyl-containing Schiff base complexes: [Mn(III)(Hvanpa)2]N3 (H2vanpa = 1−(3-hydroxysalicylaldeneamino)-3-hydroxypropane) (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 39-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: manganese(III) ; Schiff base ; hydrogen bonding ; crystal structure ; Jahn-Teller distortion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The manganese complex, [Mn(III)(Hvanpa)2]N3 has been prepared and the crystal structure determined using x-ray crystallography. The mononuclear complex has a six-coordinate octahedral geometry. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 9.867(1), b = 13.316(2), c = 9.0110(1) Å, β = 107.870(1)°, V = 1126.8(2) Å3, and Z = 2. The Mn-O and Mn-N distances in the equatorial plane are in good agreement with those found for other manganese(III) Schiff base complexes. In the axial direction, the Mn-O distances of 2.274(2) Å is about 0.3 Å longer than those in the equatorial plane due to a Jahn-Teller distortion at the d4 manganese(III) center. In the crystal, each azido ion is linked through hydrogen bonding with two hydrogen atoms from the coordinate hydroxyl groups at the apical site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009594015672
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation, characterization and crystal structure of an intermolecular compound based on H3PMo12O40·nH2O and diethylamine (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 43-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: molybodophosphoric acid ; crystal structure ; diethylamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An intermolecular compound, H3PMo12O40·5(CH3CH2)2NH·H2O, between the heteropolymolybdate α-H3PMo12O40 and the organic substrate diethylamine, has been synthesized and characterized. Light yellow crystals of the title compound were crystallized from a mixed solvent of water and acetonitrile with formula H3PMo12O40·5(CH3CH2)2NH·H2O. Spectroscopic data support the presence of a sizable electronic interaction between the organic substrate and the inorganic anion in the solid state. The single crystal x-ray structure analysis of the title compound revealed that it crystallized in the triclinic system, space group P $$\overline 1$$ with a = 12.0786(13), b = 12.102(5), c = 21.416(3) Å, α = 94.87(2), β = 94.755(9), γ = 113.81(2)°, V = 2830.3(13) Å3, and Z = 2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009546132511
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and crystal structure of K3Sb4BO13 (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 53-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: boroantimonate ; borate ; antimonate ; crystal structure ; 49
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract K3Sb4BO13, Mr = 823.11 g.mol−1, crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P $$\overline 1$$ , Z = 2. The lattice parameters are a = 7.133(1) Å, b = 7.232(1) Å, c = 13.259(2) Å, α = 82.00 (1)°, β = 99.77(1)° and γ = 117.08(1)°, V = 598.7(2) Å3, Dx = 4.566 Mg m−3. The final R index and weighted Rw index are 0.0251 and 0.0623, respectively. The three-dimensional network of the title compound is constituted by layers (Sb3O9)n, similar to that of hexagonal bronze of Magneli. These layers are linked together, in the c direction, alternatively by edge-sharing pairs of SbO6 octahedra and BO3 triangles. This framework has interconnected tunnels, running approximately along the a and b directions, in which the K+ ions are located.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009598116581
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal structure of a (25R)-2α,3α-epoxy-5α-spirostan-6, 23-dione hemi-ethyl acetate solvate (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 693-697 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: brassinosteroids ; steroids ; natural products ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The compound (25R)-2α,3α-epoxy-5α-spirostan-6,23-dione, crystallizes as a hemi-ethyl acetate solvate, having two host molecules of similar conformation per molecule of ethyl acetate, in the asymmetric unit. The O atom of the epoxy group is α-oriented. The presence of the epoxy group disturbs the chair conformation in the ring A of the steroidal nucleus. Ring A has a C5α,C10β half-chair conformation. The six-membered rings B, C, and F have chair conformation as expected. The D ring adopts a C14α-envelope conformation and the E ring is midway between a C22α,O3β half-chair and a C22α-envelope conformations. The A/B, B/C, and C/D ring junctions are trans. Crystal data: C27H38O5·1/2C4H8O2, Monoclinic, space group P21, a = 7.7363(18) b = 28.769(12) c = 12.038(6) Å, β = 90.88(5), V = 2679.0(10) Å3, Z = 4. The packing of the molecules is assumed to be dictated by van der Waals interactions and by intermolecular C—H ··· O hydrogen bonds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012277425969
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray crystal structure of trans-bis(monoethanolamine) bis(saccharinato)nickel(II) (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 767-771 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: saccharin ; monoethanolamine ; nickel(II) complex ; hydrogen bonding ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structure of trans-bis(monoethanolamine)bis(saccharinato)nickel(II), [Ni(C7H4NO3S)2(C2H7NO)2], has been determined from X-ray diffraction data. The metal complex is monoclinic, with a = 11.0555(5), b = 8.9103(4), c = 11.3890(5) Å, β = 105.0230(10)°, Z = 2, and space group P21/c . The structure consists of individual molecules. Two monoethanolamine molecules and two saccharinate anions coordinate the nickel atom forming a distorted octahedron. The monoethanolamine molecules act as a bidentate ligand and form five-membered trans chelate rings, which constitute the plane of the coordination octahedron, while two saccharinate ions behave as a monodentate ligand occupying the axial positions. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds link the molecules to form a three-dimensional infinite structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1013292406687
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel Cu–Te Clusters Synthesised from tBuTeSiMe3: [Cu18Te6(TetBu)6(PPh2Et)7], [Cu19Te6(TetBu)7(PEt3)8], [Cu27Te15(PiPr2Me)12] and [Cu58Te32(PtBu2nBu)14] (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of cluster science 11 (2000), S. 135-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: copper telluride clusters ; copper telluro-tellurolato clusters ; crystal structure ; influence of phosphine ligands ; Frank-Kasper polyhedron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The reactions of CuCl and tBuTeSiMe3 in the presence of phosphine ligands result in the formation of four new Cu/Te cluster complexes, [Cu18Te6(TetBu)6(PPh2Et)7], [Cu19Te6(TetBu)7(PEt3)8], [Cu27Te15(PiPr2Me)12] and [Cu58Te32(PtBu2 nBu)14], which have been structurally characterized by single crystal structural analysis. The former two clusters show a layer-type tellurium frameworks in which the copper atoms are asymmetrically spread. The latter two clusters possess a tellurium framework in a body-centered Te14-Frank-Kasper polyhedron or a Te28 polyhedron with four interstitial tellurium atoms and belong to mixed-valence Cu/Te compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009016832159
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cluster Build-up Reactions using Di-gold Cationic Fragments: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of [Os7(CO)19(Au2dppm)] (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of cluster science 11 (2000), S. 217-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: gold ; osmium ; cluster ; carbonyl ; phosphine ; heteronuclear ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The reaction of the di-gold cation [Au2(dppx)]2+ with the heptanuclear cluster dianion [Os7(CO)20]2− affords the mixed metal cluster [Os7(CO)20{Au2(dppx)}] (x=m (1), e (2), b (3)). On standing, in solution, this complex undergoes decarbonylation to give the cluster [Os7(CO)19{Au2(dppx)}] (x=m (4), e (5), b (6)). The complexes have been characterised spectroscopically, and an X-ray structure determination of the dppm derivative shows that it contains a metal core based on an Os7 edge-bridged bicapped tetrahedron with the two μ 3-Au atoms capping adjacent triangular Os3 faces of the central tetrahedron. In an analogous reaction, the carbido anion [Os7(H)C(CO)19]− affords the neutral cluster [Os7C(CO)19{Au2(dppm)}] (7) when treated with [Au2(dppm)]2+ in the presence of base.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009025101208
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal structure of 2,2,3-trimethyl-3-(2′,4′,5′-tricyanophenyl) cyclopentyl-1-acetic acid, methyl ester, C20H21N3O2 (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 589-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Phenylcyclopentaneacetate derivative ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The title compound crystallizes in space group P21/n, with a = 14.600(2), b = 7.091(2), c = 18.211(5) Å, and β = 103.67(2)°. Owing to the centric space group, both C(1) and C(3) chiral centers are either R or S. The acetate group is equatorial, the H(1) and the methyl group at C(3) are axial and reciprocally trans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011358327087
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The crystal and molecular structure of spiro[1-(S)-Br-3-(S)-H-4-(R)-l-(1′ R,2′ S,5′R)-menthyloxy-5-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,3′-(R)-(4′-(R)-diphenylmethoxy-5′-l-(1′ R,2′ S,5′ R)-menthyloxy-butyrolactone)] (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 737-741 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: crystal structure ; asymmetric synthesis ; spiro-cyclopropane derivatives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Crystal structure of C41H53O7Br has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystalline in the orthorhombic space group P212121, with a = 11.264(2), b = 12.058(2), c = 29.337(6) Å, Z = 4. The bond angles of cyclopropane moiety in the molecule are approximate to 60° and agree with theoretic values of the internal angles in a cyclopropane, and two chiral menthyloxy groups are located above and under the whole chiral molecule, respectively. The configuration of the pentacyclic lactone is shown as envelope form.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012254312765
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural Redetermination of Rh4(CO)12 at 293 and 173 K and Analysis of the Thermal Motion in Relation to the Dynamical Behavior (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of cluster science 11 (2000), S. 39-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: thermal motion ; crystal structure ; rhodium carbonyl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The structure of Rh4(CO)12 (1) has been redetermined at room temperature and at 173 K. Crystallographic data for 1 at 293 K are as follows: C12O12Rh4, space group P21/c, a=9.209(3), b=11.790(7), c=17.721(8) Å, β=90.46(3)°, V=1924.0(16) Å3, Z=4, 5570 reflections to θ=30.0°, and R=0.030. For 1 at 173 K the data are as follows: space group P21/c, a=9.127(3), b=11.672(6), c=17.492(13) Å, β=90.64(5)°, V=1863.3(18) Å3, Z=4, 3782 reflections to θ=26.3°, and R=0.033. There was no detectable phase change on cooling to 173 K. Crystals of 1 are twinned by pseudo-merohedry, but a satisfactory refinement was obtained by assuming a (100) twinning mirror plane. TLS analysis of the anisotropic displacement parameters at both temperatures has been undertaken. Investigation of the mean square displacement difference between the observed and the rigid body displacement parameters reveals there is a signficant internal motion of the carbonyl ligands relative to the metal skeleton. This motion is consistent with a normal mode or modes of C 3 symmetry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009000428525
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Novel Cluster Consisting of Seven Fused MX6 Octahedra, Li14(THF)8[Ni7Cl17(μ-formamidinate)3(μ-Cl)]2 (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of cluster science 11 (2000), S. 87-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: nickel cluster ; fluorinated formamidine ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract When a THF solution made from equimolar amounts of methyllithium and N,N′-bispentafluorophenyl formamidine, C6F5NC(H)N(H)C6F5, was added to a suspension of NiCl2 in THF and the mixture refluxed for 12 h, a bright yellow-green solution was formed, from which a bright green crystalline compound was obtained in 〉60% yield upon partial evaporation of the solvent. This compound, Li14(THF)8[Ni7Cl17(μ-formamidinate)3(μ-Cl)]2·9.4THF, crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P4 2/mnm (No. 136) with Z=2. The core consists of two Ni7 units bridged by two Cl atoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009008630342
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organically Templated Vanadium Oxide Phases: Synthesis and Structures of [H3NCH2CH2NH3][V2O6] and [HN(CH2CH2)3NH][VV2VIV4O14]·H2O (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of cluster science 11 (2000), S. 433-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: crystal structure ; vanadium oxide ; organic template ; mixed valence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The synthesis and crystal structures of [H3NCH2CH2NH3][V2O6] (1) and [HN(CH2CH2)3NH][VV 2VIV 4O14]·H2O (2) are described. The structure of the oxidized compound 1 consists of parallel stacks of vanadium oxide chains of corner sharing {VO4} tetrahedra. The chains are stabilized by extensive hydrogen bonding involving oxide ligands of the chains and ethylenediammonium ions which fill the space between the stacks of chains. The structure of compound 2 consists of vanadium oxide layers separated by doubly protonated 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane and lattice water. The vanadium oxide layers, containing mixed-valence vanadium (VV and VIV) centers, are composed of zigzag ribbons of edge-sharing {VO5} square pyramids interconnected by {VO4} tetrahedra. Crystal data. C2H10N2O6V2 , 1: monoclinic, space group P21/c (No. 14), a=5.5359(5), b=12.9430(12), c=5.6856(5) Å, α=90, β=97.460(2), γ=90°, V=403.93(6) Å3, Z=2. A total of 2506 reflections (θ max=27.89°) was collected, of which 954 were used to resolve the structure. The structure was solved by direct methods and least-squares refinement converged at R=0.0592. C6H16N2O15V6, 2: monoclinic, space group C2 (No. 5), a=19.303(4), b=6.667(2), c=7.579(2) Å, α=90, β=111.31(2), γ=90°, V=908.4(4) Å3, Z=2. A total of 1779 reflections was collected, of which 1591 unique reflections were used for structural elucidation. The structure was solved by direct methods and least-squares refinement converged at R=0.0314.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009051500265
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal and molecular structure studies of tris(2-hydroxy-3-t-butyl-5-methylbenzene)-methane trihydrate and N-benzyl-N-phenyl benzamide (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 255-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: THBMBM ; BPB ; crystal structure ; helical packing ; columnar packing ; mesophase transition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The structures of the title compounds, tris(2-hydroxy-3-t-butyl-5-methylbenzene)-methane)C34H46O3.3H2O, 3) and N-benzyl-N-phenylbenzamide (C20H17NO, 6), have been investigated by X-ray crystallography. Compound 3 crystallizes in the trigonal space group $$P\bar 3 $$ with cell parameters a = 14.090(5) Å, b = 14.090(5)Å, c = 10.485(5)Å, Z = 2. Compound 6 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with cell parameters a = 24.533(4)Å, b = 9.176(4)Å, c = 16.711(5)Å, β = 125.88(2)°, Z = 8. Compound 3 has both intra-and intermolecular hydrogen bonds. It also exhibits a helical columnar arrangement of the molecules and goes into mesophase before melting into an isotropic liquid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009595123416
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and crystal structure of 4-(p-methoxyphenyl)-3, 5-bis(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 429-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Triazole ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The 4-(p-methoxyphenyl)-3,5-bis(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole has been synthesized and its crystal structure has been determined by X-ray diffraction methods. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n, with a = 12.5832(6) Å, b = 7.0512(5) Å, c = 18.4669(12) Å, β = 96.826(1)°, and Dcalc = 1.345 g cm−1 for Z = 4. In the structure, two pyridyl rings, phenyl ring, and triazole ring do not share a common plane. The most favored orientation of the pyridyl rings in the crystal is that their planes are inclined toward opposite directions with respect to the triazole ring.
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  • 19
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    Electronic Resource
    Crystal structure and spectroscopy of the low-spin iron(II) compound: tris(bipyrimidine)iron(II) bis(triflate), [Fe(bipym)33](CF3SO3)2 (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 441-444 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: 2,2′-Bipyrimidine ; low-spin ; iron ; crystal structure ; infrared
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The compound [Fe(bipym)33](CF3SO3)2 (in which bipym = 2,2′-bipyrimidine) crystallizes in the space group P21/c, with a = 13.7641(11), b = 18.7557(19), c = 12.3627(11) Å, β = 103.085(8)° and Z = 4. The low-spin Fe(II) atom is octahedrally surrounded by six nitrogen atoms of three bipyrimidine groups with Fe—N distances that vary from 1.968(4) to 1.975(4) å. In the far-infrared region the Fe—N vibrations are observed at 359 and 372 cm-1.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011339214337
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  • 20
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    Electronic Resource
    Crystal structure of a novel bis(guanidiniums) compound incorporated by sulfate anion (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 483-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Bis(guanidiniums) ; sulfate anion ; hydrogen bond ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Crystal structure of a novel bis(guanidiniums) compound 1 by sulfate anion and water, C11H20N6OċSO4ċH2O, was measured by X-ray crystallographic analysis with an “imaging plate” method. It possesses space group P21/c, with a = 7.6433(15), b = 19.447(4), c = 12.115(2) Å, β = 107.81(3)°, and φcalc = 1.420 mg/m3 for Z = 4. Crystal data indicate that the architecture network is formed through hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, and arene–arene stacking interaction among the bis(guanidiniums) compound, the sulfate anion and water molecule.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011359702042
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  • 21
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    Electronic Resource
    Redetermination of the structure of bis[chloro-2-(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethylphenylazo)-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-7-on] copper(II) complex (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 505-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Bis[chloro-2-(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethylphenylazo)-5,5-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-7-on]copper(II) ; thiazolylazo dye ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structure of C17H18ClCuN3O2S (M = 854.78, monoclinic, P21/c, a = 8.316(2), b = 18.461(4), c = 11.774(2) Å, β = 99.64(3)°, V = 1782.0(7) Å3, Z = 4) is formed by dimeric molecules [C17H18ClCuN3O2S]2 with two monomeric units linked together by two chlorine atoms. The Cu atom is coordinated by two chlorine atoms, an oxygen atom, the azo nitrogen atom attached to the benzene ring, and the nitrogen atom of the thiazole ring, in the form of a distorted tetragonal pyramid.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011377120727
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  • 22
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    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and crystal structure of the perchlorate salt of diprotonated N,N′-bis(1-methylimidazole-2-methyl)1,5-diazacyclooctane (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 531-534 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: 1,5-Diazacyclooctane (DACO) ; crystal structure ; boat/chair configuration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The diprotonated perchlorate salt of a new 1,5-diazacyclooctane (DACO) mesocycle functionalized by two imidazole pendants, N,N′-bis(1-methylimidazole-2-methyl)-1,5-diazacyclo-octane (C16H28N6Cl2O8), has been synthesized and the structure determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 11.964(2), b = 13.251(3), c = 14.741(3) Å, β = 106.00(3)°, Mr = 503.34, V = 2246(1) Å3, Z = 4. The crystal structure of the title compound reveals that the DACO ring is also folded up into the “chair/boat” configuration, which is consistent with the configuration in most of the transition metal complexes of DACO and its derivatives. The two imidazole pendants of the compound are in cis position with a dihedral angle of 16.0(4)°.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011337722544
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  • 23
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    Electronic Resource
    Structural and spectroscopic characterization of tris (o-phenanthroline)iron(II) disaccharinate monosaccharin hexahydrate (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 539-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Iron(II) ; o-phenanthroline ; saccharinate ; crystal structure ; spectroscopic properties ; thermal behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal and molecular structure of the title compound, for short [Fe(o-phen)3](sac)2·(Hsac)·6H2O, has been determined by X-ray diffraction methods. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 16.3190(1), b = 19.2890(1), c = 17.4490(2) Å, β = 92.586(1)°, V = 5486.95(8) Å3 and, Z = 4. The investigated compound constitutes the first example of a species in which uncoordinated saccharin and saccharinate anions are present in the structure. The crystallographic results reveal the subtle differences between the structure of the neutral molecule and its anion. The complex was also characterized by means of infrared, electronic, and 57Fe-Mössbauer spectroscopy. Its magnetic susceptibility was determined at room temperature and its thermal behavior investigated by means of thermogravimetric and differential thermal analytical techniques.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011341823452
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  • 24
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    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and X-ray structure of [(H3O)(C14H20O5)2][Me2NH2]2 [PMo12O40] · 2C14H20O5 (C14H20O5 = benzo-15-crown-5; Me2NH = dimethylamine) (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 577-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Oxonium ions ; crystal structure ; molybdophosphate ; crown ether
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract [(H3O)(C14H20O5)2][Me2NH2]2 [PMo12O40] · 2C14H20O5 1 was synthesized from benzo-15-crown-5 and H3PMo12O40·24H2O in N,N′-dimethylformamide for the first time. 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 18.583(4), b = 25.510(5), c = 19.904(4) Å, β = 94.66(3)° D c = 2.124 mg/m3 for Z = 4. Refinement based on 7358 observed reflections led to a R1(wR2) = 0.0378(0.0761). The complex cation, [(H3O)(C14H20O5)2]+, exhibits a sandwich structure by hydrogen-bonding in the mean distance of 2.955 Å. The anion, PMo12O40 3−, is a α-Keggin structure.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011354226178
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  • 25
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    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis, spectroscopy, and X-ray structure of the polymer catena-[bis(azido-N)-copper(II)-μ-bis(2-benzimidazolyl)butane] (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 69-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: azido ; crystal structure ; copper(II) ; infrared ; polymeric
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The title compound, catena-[bis(azido-N)-copper(II)-μ(bis(2-benzimidazolyl)butane), [Cu(C18H18N4)(N3)2]n, was obtained from the reaction of the ligand bis(2-benzimidazolyl)butane and Cu(N3)2. The x-ray crystal structure is reported. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 8.2524(10), b = 12.765(5), c = 9.1125(15) Å, β = 106.423(12)°, Z = 2. The Cu(II) ions are square-planar coordinated with trans-oriented end-on binding azido ligands. The structure is a polynuclear chain with the benzimidazole bridging at each end. In addition a N(ligand)-H···N(azido) H-bridge [N(ligand)···N(azido) = 2.994(7) Å] is present, resulting in a pseudo 2-dimensional lattice. The characteristic azido infrared vibrations are found at 2060 and 2077 cm−1 (νas(N3)) and 1284 and 1297 cm−1 (ν(N3)).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009506418398
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  • 26
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    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and crystal structure of [Tb4(H2O)2](C2O4)2(C5H6O4)4 (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 633-639 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Lanthanide ; oxalate ; glutarate ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A terbium complex associating two ligands, oxalate and glutarate, was prepared under hydrothermal conditions at 200°C by treating an aqueous suspension of terbium oxalate decahydrate with glutaric acid and guanidinium carbonate. Its structure was solved by X-ray diffraction on a single crystal. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21 with lattice constants, a = 9.514(1) Å, b = 9.0681(8) Å, c = 19.702(2) Å, and β = 97.90(1)°. The terbium atoms and the oxalate ligands build dense chains which are connected by one side of the carboxylic group of some glutarate ligands, thus forming a sheet at the c level ≅ 0 and 1/2. These sheets are bridged by glutarate groups. The terbium atoms are ninefold coordinate with nine oxygen atoms of the ligands or with one water molecule and eight oxygen atoms of the ligands. Each polyhedron of the terbium atoms share one edge and one face of oxygen atoms with the two neighboring ones. The oxalate ligands are bischelating and bismonodentate. The coordination scheme of glutarate differs: either they are bismonodentate from one side and chelating and monodentate from the other side or they are chelating and monodentate from both sides.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011992031111
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  • 27
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    Electronic Resource
    Terbium and holmium trans-2,3-dimethylacrylic acid complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 777-782 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: terbium complex ; holmium complex ; crystal structure ; trans-2,3-dimethylacrylic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Novel dinuclear complexes, [REL3(phen)]2 (where RE = Tb, Ho; HL = trans-2,3-dimethylacrylic acid; phen = 1,10-phenantheoline), were synthesized and determined by elemental analysis, infrared absorption spectra (IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction. The Tb complex crystallizes in space group P21/n with the cell dimensions a = 12.939(2) Å, b = 13.018(2) Å, c = 15.400(3) Å and β = 94.72(1)°. The Ho complex crystallizes in P (9) with a = 12.406(3) Å, b = 13.280(3) Å, c = 9.823(2) Å, α = 110.80(2)°, β = 103.42(2)°, γ = 63.67(1)°. The Tb atom is nine coordinate and the separation of Tb...Tb* is 3.97 Å. The Ho atom is eight coordinate and the separation of Ho...Ho* is 4.01 Å.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1013220207596
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  • 28
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    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and crystal structure of 1-(1′,3′-dimethyl-5′-chloropyrazol-4′-carbonyl′-3-(2′-chlorophenyl)-5-amino-4-cyanopyrazole (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 789-792 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: crystal structure ; pyrazolide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The title compound 1-(1′,3′-dimethyl-5′-chloropyrazol-4′-carbonyl)-3-(2′-chlorophenyl)-5-amino-4-cyanopyrazole (C16H12Cl2N6O) has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction: Triclinic, space group P1, with a = 8.6712(8) Å, b = 9.5091(10) Å, c = 11.2170(11) Å α = 71.531(2)°, β = 84.683(2)°, γ = 74.099(2)° Z = 2; V = 843.7(14) Å3. C(10), O(1), C(11), and N(2) atoms are coplanar with the average deviation of 0.0071 Å, which form 11.03° and 43.93° dihedral angles with pyrazole planes (I) and (II), respectively.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1013224308504
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  • 29
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    Electronic Resource
    Structure, thermal behavior, and IR investigation of bis(3-amino-1,2,4-triazolium)monohydrogen monophosphate (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 805-809 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: organic phosphate ; crystal structure ; DTA/TG/DSC ; IR spectra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Chemical preparation, calorimetric studies, crystal structure, and IR spectrometric investigation of (C2H5N4)2HPO4, denoted ATZP, are described. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system with C2/c space group. Its unit cell dimensions are a = 13.589(2) Å b = 11.105(2) Å c = 15.734(3) Å β = 104.68(2)°, V = 2296.8(7) Å3, and Z = 8. The structure of the title compound consists of a three dimensional network of H-bonds connecting all its components. The IR spectrum of ATZP is reported and discussed on the basis of group theoretical analysis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1013280426251
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  • 30
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    Electronic Resource
    Crystal structure of [WI2(CO)2{P(OiPr)3}(η2-EtC2Et)] (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 181-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: tungsten(II) ; diiodo ; dicarbonyl ; triisopropylphosphite ; 3-hexyne ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract [WI2(CO)2{P(OiPr)3}(η2-EtC2Et)] crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n, with a = 11.101(12), b = 16.272(18), c = 14.892(17) Å, β = 93.27(1), Z = 4. The geometry can be considered to be pseudo-octahedral, with the 3-hexyne ligand occupying one site, with two iodo-groups, and the P(OiPr)3 ligand completing the equational plane of ligands, with two trans-carbonyl groups occupying the axial sites.
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  • 31
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    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis, crystal structure and molecular modeling (AM1) of two 5-arylidene derivatives of Meldrum's acid (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 189-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: crystal structure ; AM1 ; x-ray diffraction ; Meldrum's acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The synthesis and structural characterization of two 5-Arylidene derivatives of Meldrum's acid (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione) are described: 5-(4-Nitrobenciliden)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione (3a), and 5-(4-Methoxybenciliden)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione (3b). The structure of 3a was refined to R1 = 0.0421 for 2148 reflections (with I 〉 2σ (I)). Crystal data for 3a: C13H11NO6, orthorhombic, space group Pbca, a = 16.008(3), b = 6.137(1), c = 25.281(5) Å, V = 2483.6(8) Å3, Z = 8. The structure of 3b was refined to R1 = 0.0496 for 4681 reflections (with I 〉 2σ(I)). Crystal data for 3b: C14H14O5, triclinic, space group P1, a = 9.131(2), b = 9.922(2), c = 14.490(3)Å, α = 85.076(6), β = 84.80(3), γ = 89.37(2)°,V = 1302.4(5) Å3, Z = 4. The results of crystallographic and molecular modeling (AM1) were compared. The molecules in the crystal are held together, in both compounds, by van der Waals forces and C—H···O hydrogen bond interactions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009535215383
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  • 32
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    Separation of rosin acids by molecular recognition: crystal structure of the complex of neoabietic acid with 2-amino-6-methyl-pyridine (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 195-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: neoabietic acid ; amino(methyl)pyridine ; crystal structure ; molecular recognition ; H-bonding ; rosin acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Neoabietic acid has been separated from gum rosin mixture by the aid of molecular recognition using 2-amino-6-methyl-pyridine as recognition reagent. The complex of neoabietic acid with 2-amino-6-methy-pyridine crystallizes from ether solution in the monoclinic, space group P21 with cell parameters of a = 7.370(1), b = 8.692(1), c = 18.365(2) Å, β = 92.53(1)°,V = 1175.3(2) Å3 and Z = 2. X-ray structure analysis shows that an extensive H-bonding network exists between neoabietic acid and amino(methyl)pyridine, which is considered as one of the factors resulting in successfully separating the neoabietic acid from the gum rosin mixture.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009587232221
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  • 33
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    Crystal structure of a novel tertiary phosphine coordination complex: dichlorobis(tribenzylphosphine)nickel(II) (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 173-176 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: phosphine ; nickel(II) complexes ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The title compound dichlorobis(tribenzylphosphine)nickel(II), Ni[P(CH2C6H5)3]2Cl2, belongs to a type of tertiary phosphine coordination complex, M(PR3)2X2. There are two molecules in the unit cell which do not appear to interact chemically. Both molecules have a trans-square planar configuration with each nickel atom on a center of symmetry. Three benzyl groups are bonded to each phosphorus atom as rotors in a propeller, and the threefold axis is along the P—Ni bond, which has a mean length of 2.23(1) Å. Crystal data: C42H42Cl2NiP2, Triclinic, space group $$P\bar 1 $$ , a = 10.4892(15) b = 10.5249(12) c = 19.453(2) Å, α = 83.872(8), β = 76.839(9), γ = 62.241(8)°, V = 1850.5(4) Å3, Z = 2. There is an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the C3 and C11 atoms.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009543401270
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  • 34
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    A dinuclear cyanide-bridged complex, [(DMF)4(H2O)3LuCo(CN)6]·H2O (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 671-675 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Synthesis ; crystal structure ; lutetium(III) ; cobalt(III) hexacyanide ; cyanide bridging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structure of the bimetallic cyanide bridged complex [(DMF)4(H2O)3LuCo(CN)6]·H2O (1) was obtained by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The central lutetium(III) ion is eight coordinate arranged in a square antiprism while the cobalt(III) ion is six coordinate, oriented octahedrally. Molecules in the crystal lattice are held together by a network of hydrogen bonding. Crystallization of 1 occurs in the centrosymmetric monoclinic space group P21/c (No. 14) with a = 13.875(2), b = 8.8352(9), c = 24.633(2) Å β = 96.392(8)° and Z = 4.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011952316999
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  • 35
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    Identification of a new family of diphosphate compounds, AI2BII3(P2O7)2: Structures of Ag2Co3(P2O7)2, Ag2Mn3(P2O7)2, and Na2Cd3(P2O7)2 (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 705-716 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: mixed metal diphosphates ; AI 2BII 3(P2O7)2 ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Syntheses and single-crystal X-ray structural results are reported for three new mixed diphosphates of the family AI 2BII 3(P2O7)2; Ag2Co3(P2O7)2 (I), Ag2Mn3(P2O7)2 (II), and Na2Cd3(P2O7)2 (III). All crystallize in the triclinic system, space group P1 bar: (I) a = 5.351(4), b = 6.375(4), c = 16.532(4) Å, α = 80.83(6) β = 81.45(4), γ = 72.87(5)°, V = 528.9(6) Å3, Z = 2, D calc = 4.649 mg/m3, R/Rw = 0.0428/0.0548 for 3949 obs. reflns; (II) a = 5.432(7), b = 6.619(6), c = 16.51(3) Å, α = 80.78(8) β = 82.43(9), γ = 72.82(7)°, V = 557.7(13) Å3, Z = 2, D calc = 4.338 mg/m3, R/Rw = 0.0679/0.1303 for 2100 obs. reflns and (III) a = 5.67(3), b = 7.08(4), c = 7.90(4) Å, α = 77.0(2), β = 82.5(2), γ = 67.8(2)°, V = 286(3) Å3, Z = 2, D calc = 4.249 mg/m3, R/Rw = 0.0307/0.0342 for 1945 obs. reflns. (I) and (II) are isostructural but (III) is of a different type. All three structures are characterized by layers of P2O7 groups alternating with layers of mixed metal atoms. Differences are seen in the conglomerate bonding patterns of B atoms and in the irregular geometry of Ag in (I) and (II) compared to the octahedral bonding seen for Na in (III). The differences in structure may be understood in terms of the ratios of the ionic radii of A and B atoms.
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  • 36
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    Crystal structure of diethoxynitrobenzene-p-tert-butylcalix [4]arene⋅2(CH3)2C=O: Evidence of intra- and intermolecular CH/π interactions forced by crystal packing (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 717-720 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: calix[4]arene ; CH/π interaction ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Diethoxynitrobenzene-p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene⋅2(CH3)2C=O crystallized in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c, with cell dimensions a = 16.1437(2) Å, b = 21.0292(2) Å, c = 18.9685(3) Å and β = 110.308(1)°. The asymmetric unit consists of a diethoxynitrobenzene-p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene molecule and two solvated acetone molecules. Besides the usual CH/π interaction between p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene π cavity and a solvated acetone, this structure shows the intra- and intermolecular CH/π interactions among a nitrobenzene ring, ethylene bridge of the ethoxynitrobenzene side chain and a solvated acetone molecule.
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    Crystal structure of a 26-membered hexaaza macrocycle bearing hydroxyethyl pendants containing p-xylyl spacers (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 743-747 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: macrocycle ; hydroxyethyl pendant ; crystal structure ; hydrogen bonds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The new macrocyclic compound bearing hydroxyethyl pendant arms containing p-xylyl spacers, 3,6,9,16,19,22-hexaaza-6,19-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-tricyclo[22,2,2,211,14] triaconta-1,11,13,24,27,29-hexaene, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 8.700(2) Å, b = 18.301(4) Å, c = 11.766(2) Å, β = 108.57(2)°. The two hydroxyethyl pendants are at the opposite sides of the macrocyclic plane. Benzene rings in macrocycle are parallel and exist the π-π weak interaction with distance of 4.28 Å. The crystal packing of the macrocycle is stabilized by the hydrogen bonds.
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  • 38
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    Crystal structure, thermal analysis, and IR spectrometric investigation of bis(tert-butylammonium) sulfate (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 799-804 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: organic sulfate ; crystal structure ; DTA/TG/DSC ; IR spectra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Chemical preparation, X-ray single crystal, thermal analysis, and IR spectrometric investigation of (C4H12N)2SO4, denoted tBAS, are described. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system with C2/c space group. Its unit cell dimensions are a = 11.1585(5) Å, b = 6.2148(4) Å, c = 20.070(1) Å, β = 102.004(4)°, V = 1361.4(1) Å3, and Z = 4. The crystal structure of tBAS can be described as a typical thick layered organization built by all the components of the structure and centered by planes z = 1/4 and 3/4. Connection in these layers are established by N—H···O hydrogen bonds. Thermal analysis shows a reversible weak phase transition.
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  • 39
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    Crystal structure and spectroscopy of bis-[bis(2-benzimidazolyl)propane]copper(II) bis(triflate)monohydrate, a copper complex with a geometry intermediate between tetrahedral and square planar (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 793-797 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: copper ; bis(benzimidazoles) ; crystal structure ; infrared
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The structure of a mononuclear copper(II) compound with the ligand bis(2-benzimidazolyl)propane (abbreviated as tbz) is reported. The compound [Cu(tbz)2](CF3SO3)2(H2O) crystallizes in the triclinic space group P $$\bar 1$$ , with a = 12.363(6), b = 13.218(9), c = 15.365(8) Å, α = 82.74(5), β = 68.04(4), γ = 65.30(5), and Z = 2. The Cu(II) atom has a geometry intermediate between tetrahedral and square planar, consisting of four nitrogen atoms of two tbz ligands. The Cu—N—Cu angles are about 135°, while the dihedral angle between them amounts to 62° (0° for square planar and 90° for a tetrahedron). Ligand field bands are observed at 10.2 × 103, 13.8 × 103, and 20.3 × 103 cm−1, while the most characteristic infrared vibrations of the triflate anion are observed at 1273, 1260, 1238, 1221, 1171, and 1157 cm−1.
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  • 40
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    Crystal structure and thermal analysis of 1,5-diammonium-2-methyl pentane sulfate monohydrate (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 95-98 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: organic sulfate ; crystal structure ; DTA/TG/DSC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Chemical preparation, x-ray single crystal, and thermal analysis of C6H18N2SO4·H2O (denoted DMPS) are described. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic system with P $$\overline 1$$ space group. Its unit cell dimensions are a = 5.826(1) Å, b = 10.014(1) Å, c = 11.221(1) Å, α = 66.716(1)°, β = 84.395(1)°, γ = 83.759(1)°, V = 596.7(1) Å3, and Z = 2. The DMPS structure is built up from inorganic chains parallel to the a axis and linked via O(W)-H···O hydrogen bonds. These chains are interconnected by organic groups. Thermal analysis reveals the presence of one water molecule in the structure and shows a reversible weak phase transition.
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  • 41
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    Molecular structure and 1H, 13C NMR assignments of 1,3,5-tris(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 115-118 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: 1,3,5-tris(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene (titmb); crystal structure; hydrogen bonding; 2D NMR ; crystal structure ; hydrogen bonding ; 2D NMR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The molecule 1,3,5-tris(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene (titmb) crystallizes as a monohydrate in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 20.888(4), b = 13.220(2), c = 14.385(2) Å, β = 90.36(1)°. Two of three imidazole groups are on one side of the central benzene ring, and the other one is on the opposite side. The crystal packing of titmb is stabilized by O-H--N hydrogen bonding between the water molecule and nitrogen atoms of the imidazole group. The complete 1H and 13C NMR assignments for titmb were carried out by 2D NMR spectral measurements.
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  • 42
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    Crystal structure of 2,6-dimethylpyridinium hydrogen phthalate (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 119-122 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: phthalic acid ; 2, 6-dimethylpyridine ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new crystal of 2,6-dimethylpyridinium hydrogen phthalate (DPMHP) has been prepared and characterized by x-ray crystallography. DPMHP crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 26.105(3), b = 8.2250(10), c = 13.8750(10) Å, β = 116.02(1)°, V = 2677.2(5) Å3, and Z = 8. The 2,6-dimethylpyridinium (DPM) is held with the hydrogen phthalate ion (HPI) by intermolecular hydrogen bond of N-H-O. A noncentered hydrogen atom is involved in the short intramolecular hydrogen of O-O [2.398(2) Å] between the neighboring carboxylic groups. The phenyl ring of the HPI appears to be deformed in comparison with the original. The entity of HPI in itself and DMPMHP as a whole are arranged in a rumple pattern. The geometrical arrangement in the crystal structure is characterized by the formation of laminar ribbons of DPMHP.
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  • 43
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    The crystal structures of two reaction products of α-halopyruvamide with nitrogen and sulfur nucleophiles (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 109-113 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: α-halopyruvamide derivatives ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Two compounds have been prepared during the investigation of the reactivity of α-halopyruvamides. The reaction products: 3-(4-chlorophenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxamide (1) and 7-carbamoyl-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro[1,3]thiazolo[4,3-b][1,3]thiazol-4-ium chloride (2) were structurally characterized by x-ray crystallography. Compound 1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pca21 with a = 28.813(2), b = 9.369(1), and c = 9.361(1) Å. The structure contains two crystallographically different molecules. Compound 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with the following cell parameters: a = 8.5895(8), b = 22.499(2), c = 7.4133(6) Å, and β = 110.204(1)°.
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  • 44
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    Synthesis and molecular structure of N-[3-(p-bromophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]methylphthalimide. III. (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 131-134 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: 1,2,4-Oxadiazole ; crystal structure ; phthalimide derivative ; AM1 method ; STO-3G basis set
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The synthesis, spectroscopic studies and crystal structure of the title compound is described. The crystallographic studies showed that the p-bromophenyl group is very nearly coplanar with the 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring. The nearly planar phthalimide group makes an angle of about 98° with the bromophenyloxadiazole plane. Semi-empirical (AM1) and ab initio (STO-3G, 6-31G) molecular orbital calculations have been carried out for this compound and a comparison of bond angles, bond lengths and torsion angles has been made with the experimental values, which are remarkably close to each other. This compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 13.6299(2),b = 13.9836(2), c = 8.4817(2) Å, β = 101.9070(10)°, V = 1581.79(5) Å3, and Z = 4.
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  • 45
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    Crystal and molecular structure of augustamine (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 135-138 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: alkaloid ; tazettine type ; amaryllidaceae ; crystal structure ; molecular mechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal and molecular structure of augustamine (1), C17H19NO4 an amaryllidaceae alkaloid of the tazettine group has been determined by direct methods from single crystal x-ray diffractometer data and refined by full-matrix least squares. The alkaloid (1) crystallizes in the space group P212121, with cell parameters: a = 7.833(8) b = 11.08(2) å, c = 16.69(6) Å, Z = 4, Dc = 1.381 g/cm−3, R = 7.6% for 1115 observed reflections. The molecule, having a hexacyclic ring system, is very rigid with the ring B in a chair conformation. Molecular mechanics calculations have been made using MM3(2000) force field.
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  • 46
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    Synthesis, crystal structure of a one-dimensional cobalt—azide complex through hydrogen bond (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 159-162 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: crystal structure ; cobalt (II) complex ; one-dimensional chain ; hydrogen bond
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A one-dimensional chain complex, {[Co(bpm)2(N3)2][Co(bpm)2(H2O)2]} (ClO4)2, (bpm being bis(pyrazol-l-yl)methane), has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction: triclinic, space group P - 1 with a = 8.805(2) Å, b = 8.902(2) Å, c = 13.621(3) Å, α = 84.27(3)°, β = 84.63(3)°, γ = 80.05(3)°, V = 1043.2(4) Å3, Z = 1. Two cobalt atoms have ideal octahedral environments with different coordination atoms. One cobalt atom is six-coordinated with nitrogen atoms from two bpm ligands and two azide ligands, while the other cobalt atom is coordinated by four nitrogen atoms from bpm and two oxygen atoms from water molecules. The complex forms one-dimensional chain through hydrogen bonds.
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  • 47
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    Syntheses, characterization, and structural analyses of several f-block isothiocyanatonitrato complexes (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 301-309 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Synthesis ; crystal structure ; dioxouranium(VI) ; lanthanide(III) ; thiocyanate ; nitrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Reactions of tetra-n-butylammonium thiocyanate with lanthanide and uranyl nitrates yield complexes of the general type [(Bu)4N]x[M(NCS)y(NO3)z]. Samples of [(Bu)4N]2 [UO2(NCS)3( NO3)] (1), [(Bu)4N]3[Yb(NCS)4(NO3)2] (2), and [(Bu)4N]3[Nd(NCS)4(NO3)2rsqb; (3) were prepared from alcohol solutions. Crystallization of 1 occurs in the centrosymmetric monoclinic space group C2/c (No. 15) with a = 17.949(4) Å, b = 16.587(3) Å, c = 16.763(3) Å; β = 99.77(3)°; and Z = 4. The seven-coordinate uranium(VI) ion exhibits a pentagonal bipyramid coordination environment. Crystallization of 2 occurs in the centrosymmetric orthorhombic space group Pnnn (No. 48) with a = 12.530(2) Å, b = 12.9440(10) Å, c = 21.203(2) Å; Z = 2. The eight-coordinate ytterbium(III) ion expresses a dodecahedral coordination environment. Crystallization of 3 occurs in the noncentrosymmetric monoclinic space group Cc (No. 9) with a = 16.556(2) Å, b = 18.130(2) Å, c = 23.984(4) Å; Z = 4. The 10-coordinate neodymium(III) ion exhibits a dodecahedral coordination environment. Characterization includes physical property determinations, conoscopic studies, IR spectroscopic identifications, and UV spectral data. Details of the syntheses along with selected bond distances and angles are presented and discussed.
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  • 48
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    A dimeric pervanadyl (VO2+) complex with a tridentate Schiff base ligand (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 329-333 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Pervanadyl complex ; Schiff base ; di(μ-oxo)-bridged dimer ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A di(μ-oxo)-bridged dinuclear complex, [VO2(pamh)]2 was isolated by reacting bis(acetylacetonato)vanadium(IV) and the Schiff base, N-(anisoyl)-N′-(picolinylidene)-hydrazine (Hpamh) in acetonitrile. The complex crystallizes in the space group $$P\bar 1 $$ ;1; (#2) on crystallographic inversion center. Crystal data: a = 8.2202(12) Å, b = 9.8389(19) Å, c = 10.1907(17) Å, α = 68.245(15)°, β = 74.47(2)°, γ = 66.710(19)°, V = 696.0(2) Å3, and Z = 1. The physical properties of the complex and the structural parameters are consistent with the +5 oxidation state of the metal ions. The monomeric VO2(pamh) unit is square-pyramidal. The planar mononegative ligand (pamh−) coordinates the metal ion via the pyridine-N, the imine-N, and the amide-O atoms. One of the oxo groups completes the NNOO basal plane and also participates in the Vndash;Ondash ;V bridge formation. The other oxo group satisfies the fifth apical coordination site. The molecular structure of the dimeric complex, [VO2(pamh)]2 can be described as two edge-shared distorted VO4N2 octahedra.
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  • 49
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    Crystal structure and spectroscopy of a hydrogen-bridged one-dimensional Cu(II) complex containing both octahedral and square pyramidal geometries in the same unit cell (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 351-357 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Helical hydrogen-bridged one-dimensional Cu(II) complex ; trans-4-styrylpyridine ; crystal structure ; IR and electronic spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Single crystals of the helical hydrogen-bridged one-dimensional Cu(II) complex, [Cu(stpy)2(CH3COO)2(H2O)2] (1) [Cu(stpy)2(CH3COO)2(H2O)] (2), are prepared and characterized by elemental and thermal analyses, IR, electronic and X-ray crystal structure determination. The crystals are monoclinic, of space group C2/c, with unit cell parameters a = 31.842(7) Å, b = 5.9829(10) Å, c = 30.970(14) Å, β = 111.78(3)°, Z = 4. The asymmetric unit contains two different types of Cu(II) polyhedra, namely, octahedron and square pyramid within the same unit cell. 1 has elongated octahedral geometry with two nitrogen atoms from stpy and two oxygen atoms from synmonodentate acetate ligands, transcoordinated to Cu(II) in the basal plane. The oxygen atoms of the two water molecules occupy the axial positions. 2 has Cu(II) coordination polyhedra similar to 1, except that only one of the apical positions is occupied by a water molecule. The structure consists of two independent linear chains, one involving octahedral (1) and the other involving square-pyramidal (2) polyhedra, held by hydrogen bridges. The Cu–Cu intra- and interchain separations in both 1 and 2 are 5.983 and 8.214 Å. The unit cell packing shows weak π-stacking between adjacent coordinated stpy ligands in the chain, resulting in ladder-type structure. Further, the extended packing reveals helical arrangement of Cu(II) polyhedra in the lattice.
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  • 50
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    Crystal structure of [Yb(L(NO3)2(H2O)2](NO3), L = bromo-N,N,N′,N′-tetraethylmalonamide (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 455-458 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Ytterbium ; malonamide ; crystal structure ; extraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract [Yb(L(NO3)2(H2O)2](NO3), L = bromo-N,N,N′,N′-tetraethylmalonamide crystallizes in the triclinic spacegroup P-1 with cell dimensions a = 9.030(9), b = 12.036(12), c = 12.392(13) Å, α = 84.52(1), β = 77.58(1), γ = 67.21(1)° , dcalc = 1.935 g cm-3 for Z = 2. The ytterbium atom in the complex cation is nine-coordinate being bonded to two oxygen atoms from the malonamide ligand, two nitrate anions, and three water molecules.
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  • 51
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    N-Arylmaleimide derivatives (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 30 (2000), S. 563-571 
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    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Maleimide ; crystal structure ; photopolymerization ; monomer ; conformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Nine phenyl substituted N-phenylmaleimide monomers for photopolymerization studies have been characterized by x-ray crystallography. Structures for N-(2′-t-butylphenyl)maleimide (1), P21/n, a = 10.197(3) Å, b = 11.904(4) Å, c = 10.496(5) Å, β = 100.61(3)° N-(2′-trifluoromethylphenyl)maleimide (2), P21/c, a = 11.763(8) Å, b = 10.699(9) Å, c = 8.284(5) Å, β = 90.02(5)° N-(2′,6′-diisopropylphenyl)maleimide hemibenzene solvate (3), Pc, a = 16.747(6) Å, b = 8.552(3) Å, c = 12.899(4) Å, β = 105.08(3)° N-(2′,6′-diisopropylphenyl) maleimide (unsolvated) (4), C2/c, a = 28.146(10) Å, b = 8.434(4) Å, c = 12.881(4) Å, β = 92.20(4)° N-(2′-bromo-3′,5′-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) maleimide (5), P21/n, a = 8.7115(16) Å, b = 16.125(3) Å, c = 9.6707(19) Å, β = 99.757(15)° N-(2′-phenylphenyl)maleimide (6), P21/n, a = 8.519(4) Å, b = 13.742(5) Å, c = 11.147(4) Å, β = 92.25(3)° N-(4′-methoxyphenyl)maleimide (7), P21/n, a = 9.320(3) Å, b = 6.621(2) Å, c = 16.059(6) Å, β = 99.58(3)° N-(2′-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2-methylmaleimide (8), Fdd2, a = 43.362(12) Å, b = 8.202(2) Å, c = 12.720(4) Å and N-(2′-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2-methanosuccinimide (9), Cc, a = 7.708(2) Å, b = 22.191(9) Å, c = 7.137(2) Å, β = 115.76(2)° are described. Molecules with bulky 2′-substituents show larger rotations between the mean phenyl and maleimide ring planes, and varying degrees of distortion to the imide group.
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  • 52
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    Röntgendiagnostik in der Mund-, Kiefer-, Gesichtschirurgie (2000)
    Springer
    Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie 4 (2000), S. S270 
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    ISSN: 1434-3940
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Röntgendiagnostik ; Panoramaschichtaufnahme ; Strahlenexposition ; Computertomographie ; Kernspintomographie ; Key words ; X-ray diagnostics ; Panoramic X-ray ; Radiation exposure ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A vital X-ray imaging technique in oral and craniomaxillofacial surgery is the panoramic X-ray. Due to its variety of special projections, including imaging of the transversal level and low exposure to radiation, it is suitable for answering many clinical questions and for diagnostics of various findings. It has become possible to minimize the necessary doses by further development of technology and devices, as well as of X-ray films and by new detection systems, such as sensors or screens. In some clinical cases, the diagnostic deficiencies of conventional imaging techniques make computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging indispensable. Although MR is particularly suitable for soft tissue imaging, it has also become helpful in finding cortical changes by shorter measuring times. In certain cases, e. g., changes to bone metabolism, differentiated methods of nuclear medicine make image-aided analysis of function possible.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zentrale Aufnahmeart in der Röntgendiagnostik der Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie ist die Panoramaschichtaufnahme. Mit ihren zahlreichen Spezialprojektionen einschließlich der Abbildung der Transversalebene ist sie für die Abklärung zahlreicher Fragestellungen mit geringer Strahlenexposition geeignet. Die Verringerung des Dosisbedarfs ist weiterhin durch Fortentwicklungen der Gerätetechnik, der Röntgenfilme und durch neue Detektionssysteme wie z. B. Sensoren oder Speicherfolien möglich geworden. Diagnostische Unzulänglichkeiten der konventionellen Aufnahmearten machen bei zahlreichen klinischen Fragestellungen der Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie eine Bildgebung mittels Computertomographie und Kernspintomographie unumgänglich. Obgleich die Kernspintomographie v. a. für die Weichteildiagnostik vorrangig geeignet ist, erlaubt sie mittlerweile, aufgrund der Verkürzung der Messzeiten, auch Veränderungen der Kortikalis abzubilden. Bei bestimmten Fragestellungen, wie z. B. Veränderungen des Knochenmetabolismus, ermöglichen differenzierte nuklearmedizinische Verfahren eine abbildungsunterstützte Funktionsanalyse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00014549
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    Radiologic anatomy of the spinal dorsal horn at the cervical level (anatomic-MRI correlations) (2000)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 22 (2000), S. 81-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Spinal cord ; Dorsal horn ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Radiologic anatomy ; Dorsal root entry zone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The spinal dorsal horn is known for its important functional role in the field of transmission and modulation of sensory afferents. Because of this, the dorsal horn represents a target for numerous analgesic and antispastic procedures. Thus, it would be interesting to develop imaging dedicated to this spinal structure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the radiologic anatomy of the cervical dorsal horn by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (1.5T). The first step consisted in the validation of the anatomic information provided by MRI on 5 human cadavers. A spin-echo sequence (T2, 2000/45) enabled the demonstration of good correlations between histologic sections and axial MRI slices performed at the corresponding cervical levels. The second step was the 〈〈in vivo〈〈 exploration of 20 subjects, aiming at the development of a gradient echo sequence (T2*) with a conventional MRI unit, compatible with a routine clinical examination. The dorsal horn was clearly identified in 77% of the axial slices performed (n = 300). The angle between the dorsal horn axis and the sagittal plane was measured as from 25.5˚ at C2 to 40˚ at C8 segments. The results of this anatomico-radiologic study of the cervical dorsal horn suggest that preoperative MRI could be useful to design the surgical approach to this structure, as performed during cervical microsurgical drezotomy (DREZ = dorsal root entry zone) for the treatment of selected cases of chronic pain or disabling spasticity in the upper limbs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-000-0081-8
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    Pneumocolography and virtual colonoscopy: its clinical place and development (2000)
    Springer
    Techniques in coloproctology 4 (2000), S. 129-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1128-045X
    Keywords: Key words Colonscopy ; CT scanning ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Virtual colonoscopy ; Pneumocolography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Colonoscopy is an invasive technique, frequently incomplete and often poorly tolerated in elderly patients. New, less invasive modalities are being developed to diagnose moderate-sized adenomatous polyps and colorectal caners which involve pneumo- or hydrocolography with high-resolution surface imaging, either by CT or MR scanning. This approach has recently been supplemented by complex image post-processing to provide a form of virtual colonoscopy which takes account of projected colonic direction and which can map for mucosal anomalies. It remains to be seen how sensitive these newer techniques are and whether defined algorithms for colonic representation can be agreed upon which will prove both accurate and cost-effective both in symptomatic and screening populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101510070002
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    Electronic Resource
    Is there a brainstem generator of chronic daily headache? (2000)
    Springer
    The journal of headache and pain 1 (2000), S. 67-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1129-2377
    Keywords: Key words Chronic daily headache ; Migraine ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Red nucleus ; Substantia nigra ; Image processing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using BOLD-fMRI we have previously documented activation of the red nucleus (RN) and substantia nigra (SN) during spontaneously and visually activated migraine headache. These observations prompted us to study brainstem function in chronic daily headache patients using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. Seventeen chronic daily headache (CDH) patients, ten episodic migraine (EM) patients and fifteen controls (N) were imaged with a 3 tesla MRI system. For each subject, the relaxation rates R2, R2* and R2' were obtained for RN and SN. There was a significant decrease in R2' and R2* values for RN and SN in CDH compared to N and EM groups (p 〈 0.05), but no significant difference between the N and EM groups. A decrease in R2' and R2* indicates reduced deoxyhemoglobin and hence persistent activation of the RN and SN in CDH patients most likely secondary to ongoing headache at the time of study. The imaging data provide objective evidence of disturbed central nervous system function in CDH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101940070045
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    Electronic Resource
    Subependymoma of the lateral ventricles (2000)
    Springer
    Neurosurgical review 23 (2000), S. 98-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Keywords: Key words Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Lateral ventricle ; Subependymoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Four subependymomas of the lateral ventricle were reviewed with regard to clinical presentation, neuroimaging features, treatment, histopathological features, and long-term follow-up. There were two male and two female patients ranging in age from 27 to 60 years (mean 48.3 years). While two patients presented with symptoms and signs of raised intracranial pressure, two others were found incidentally during neuroimaging investigations to have intraventricular tumors. Neuroimaging characteristics of these tumors included no paraventricular extension, iso- or hypodensity with minimal enhancement on computerized tomography (CT), or iso- or hypointensity on T1-weighted and hyperintensity on T2-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI). The usual finding on MRI was of no or scarce contrast enhancement, but one case showed heterogeneous enhancement. Three patients underwent total resection of the tumor and one underwent partial resection. No patients received postoperative radiation therapy. All patients have been doing well 4.8 to 15.4 years (mean 8.8 years), after surgery. Although there are no absolutely specific features to distinguish these tumors from other intraventricular tumors preoperatively, subependymoma should be kept in mind for differential diagnosis, as this tumor may safely be removed without sacrificing contiguous normal tissue and with good long-term results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101430050008
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    Preoperative staging of rectal cancer (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of colorectal disease 15 (2000), S. 9-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Keywords: Keywords Rectal cancer staging ; Computed tomography ; Endorectal sonography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Systematic review
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  With the widespread introduction of preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer and the development of transanal endoscopic microsurgery for selected early lesions, preoperative radiological staging of these tumours has taken on increasing importance. This study is a systematic review to evaluate computed tomography (CT), endorectal sonography (ES) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as preoperative staging modalities in rectal cancer. A Medline-based search identifying studies using CT, ES, or MRI in preoperative staging of rectal cancer between 1980 and 1998 was undertaken. The list of papers was supplemented by extensive cross-checking of citation lists. Studies were included if they met predetermined criteria. Data from the accepted studies were entered into pooled tables comparing radiological and pathological staging results for each modality both in determining bowel wall penetration and involvement of lymph nodes. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio were determined for the pooled results. Eighty-three studies from 78 papers including 4897 patients met the inclusion criteria. In determining the wall penetration of the tumour the values for sensitivity for CT, ES, MRI and MRI with endorectal coil were 78%, 93%, 86% and 89%; for specificity 63%, 78%, 77% and 79%; and for accuracy 73%, 87%, 82% and 84%, respectively. In determining the nodal involvement by tumour the sensitivity values for CT, ES, MRI and MRI with endorectal coil 52%, 71%, 65% and 82%; for specificity 78%, 76%, 80% and 83%; and for accuracy 66%, 74%, 74% and 82%, respectively. MRI with an endorectal coil is the single investigation that most accurately predicts pathological stage in rectal cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003840050002
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    Macrodystrophia lipomatosa with associated fibrolipomatous hamartoma of the median nerve (2000)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 16 (2000), S. 216-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Key words Macrodystrophia lipomatosa ; Fibrolipomatous hamartoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Median nerve
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Macrodystrophia lipomatosa (MDL) is a rare disease typically causing localized gigantism and is often associated with a fibrolipomatous hamartoma (FH) of the median or plantar nerve. A previously unreported case of MDL with associated FH of the median nerve is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003830050728
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    Electronic Resource
    Imaging of plant-thorn synovitis (2000)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 29 (2000), S. 605-608 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Keywords Plant-thorn synovitis ; Monoarticular arthritis ; Elbow ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Ultrasound ; Power Doppler
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We describe a case of plant-thorn synovitis of the elbow resulting from a thorn injury. This caused recurrent pain and swelling of the elbow over a 3-month period. A magnetic resonance imaging examination was initially requested to exclude septic arthritis, and demonstrated a joint effusion, synovitis, and a 2-cm linear opacity embedded in the synovium. Ultrasound was performed prior to surgery to confirm these findings and provide accurate localization of the thorn fragment, later removed at surgery. To our knowledge this is the first example of this condition that has been confirmed by radiological imaging prior to surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560000244
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    Effect of low back posture on the morphology of the spinal canal (2000)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 29 (2000), S. 217-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Spinal canal ; Low back posture ; Morphologic change ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. To define the possible mechanism of posture-dependent symptoms of spinal stenosis by measuring the effect of low back posture on morphologic changes of the intervertebral discs and spinal canal in healthy young people. Design.Twenty healthy young volunteers underwent magnetic resonance imaging while supine with their spine in neutral, flexed, extended, and right and left rotational positions. The axial MR images at the middle of the intervertebral discs of L3–4 and L4–5 were analyzed to measure the difference in the size and shape of the intervertebral discs and spinal canal in each posture. Results.  Extension or rotation decreased the sagittal diameters and cross-sectional areas of the dural sac and spinal canal and increased the thickness of the ligamentum flavum, whereas flexion had the opposite effects. The gap between the convex posterior disc margin and the anterior margin of the facet joint on each side, represented as the subarticular sagittal diameter, increased with flexion and decreased with extension or rotation. The direction of rotation did not result in asymmetry of the subarticular sagittal diameter, but right rotation caused thickening of the right ligamentum flavum, and vice versa. The shape and dimensions of the disc did not change significantly according to the positions of the low back. Conclusions.With extension or rotation, the thickness of the ligamentum flavum increased and the posterior margin of the intervertebral disc was approximated to the facet joint without any change in shape and size of the disc. These phenomena result in a decrease in the size of the spinal canal and dural sac in extension or rotation postures in young healthy people without disc degeneration, and may explain the posture-dependent symptom of spinal stenosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050596
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    Complete rupture of the distal semimembranosus tendon with secondary hamstring muscles atrophy: MR findings in two cases (2000)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 29 (2000), S. 362-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Hamstring muscles ; Semimenbranosus ; Tear ; mass ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Complete rupture of the hamstring muscles is a rare injury. The proximal musculo-tendinous junction is the most frequent site of rupture. We present two cases of complete rupture of the distal semimenbranosus tendon, which clinically presented as soft-tissue masses. MR imaging permitted the correct diagnosis. There has been only one other such case reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560000216
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    Solid aneurysmal bone cyst in the humerus (2000)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 29 (2000), S. 470-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Aneurysmal bone cyst ; Humerus ; Giant cell reparative granuloma ; Pathological fracture ; Radiography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We report on a 69-year-old woman with a solid variant of aneurysmal bone cyst (solid ABC) in the left humerus with a pathological fracture. Radiographically, the lesion exhibited a relatively well-defined osteolytic lesion in the diaphysis of the left humerus. On magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, the medullary lesion exhibited a homogeneous signal intensity isointense with surrounding normal muscles on the T1-weighted images and a mixture of low and high signal intensity on the T2-weighted images. Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images revealed diffuse enhancement of the entire lesion. The pathological study showed a proliferation of fibroblasts, histiocytes, chronic inflammatory cells and numerous multinucleated giant cells in a collagenous matrix. Abundant osteoid formation in the matrix was observed, but the cells were devoid of nuclear atypia. Aneurysmal cystic cavities were absent. A review of the English literature found 22 cases of solid ABC of the long bones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560000236
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    Juxta-articular hemangioma of long bone (2000)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 29 (2000), S. 535-537 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Computed tomography ; Intraosseous hemangioma ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Epiphysis equivalent ; Tibia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We report on a rare case of an intraosseous hemangioma involving the proximal tibia in a 70-year-old man. Radiographically, the lesion was a well-defined osteolytic lesion with marginal sclerosis. The CT images demonstrated a well-defined osteolytic lesion with partial cortical breakthrough. T1-weighted MR images showed a hypointense lesion, while T2-weighted images revealed hyperintense areas, with internal, hypointense septa. Gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images showed lattice-like enhancement of the lesion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560000256
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    Subcutaneous and musculoskeletal sparganosis: imaging characteristics and pathologic correlation (2000)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 29 (2000), S. 402-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Soft tissue ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Sparganosis ; Sparganosis ; magnetic resonance imaging ; Sparganosis ; ultrasonography ; Parasitic infection ; Sparganum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. To document the imaging characteristics of subcutaneous and musculoskeletal sparganosis. Design and patients. Ten patients with musculoskeletal sparganosis were examined, with a variety of imaging modalities including MRI (n=6), ultrasonography (n=8), plain radiography (n=7) and CT (n=1). Pathologic correlation was carried out in all cases. Results. Nine lesions involved soft tissues, of which seven were in the thigh, two in the trunk and one involved a vertebral body. The majority of the lesions in soft tissue were confined to the subcutaneous layer but two extended deep into underlying muscles. Sonography revealed low-echoic serpiginous tubular tracts (8/8), and an intraluminal echogenic structure (4/8). MRI revealed multiple serpiginous tubular tracts and peripheral rim enhancement. Two patients showed perilesional soft tissue edema. Pathologically, the lesion consisted of a larva surrounded by three layers of inflammation: an inner epithelioid granulomatous cell layer, middle chronic inflammatory cell layers, and an outer fibrous layer. Conclusion. The study suggests that if serpiginous tubular tracts are seen at imaging studies, musculoskeletal sparganosis should be included in the differential diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560000206
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    Pectoralis major muscle and tendon tears: diagnosis and grading using magnetic resonance imaging (2000)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 29 (2000), S. 305-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Pectoralis major muscle ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Tendons ; injuries ; Tendons ; magnetic resonance imaging ; Muscles ; injuries ; Muscles ; magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. To assess the accuracy and utility of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the detection and grading of pectoralis major muscle and tendon tears. Design and patients. A retrospective review was carried out of 10 patients referred for MR imaging for suspected pectoralis muscle injury and possible operative therapy. The pectoralis muscle and tendon were imaged using thin (3–4 mm) axial sections with a variety of sequences combined for anatomical delineation (T1-weighted SE or PD SE) and fluid detection (T2-weighted SE, T2-weighted FSE with fat suppression, or STIR). Surgical correlation was available in six patients. Clinical follow-up was available in four patients treated by nonoperative therapy. Results. MR imaging identified five complete tears, four partial tears and one normal tendon. One complete and one partial tear were at the myotendinous junction. The remaining seven injuries were at the enthesis. Surgical correlation consisted of five complete tears and one partial tear. One complete and one partial tear were at the myotendinous junction with the remaining four complete tears at the enthesis. The MR interpretation and surgical findings were in agreement in all six cases. All four patients treated with nonoperative therapy demonstrated improvement at a clinical follow-up examination, with restoration of function and strength consistent with a healed prior partial injury. Conclusion. MR imaging is accurate and useful in detecting and grading tears involving the pectoralis major muscle and tendon, facilitating the identification of patients with complete tears who are candidates for operative therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560000199
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    Imaging in isolated sacral tuberculosis: a review of 15 cases (2000)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 29 (2000), S. 392-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Sacral ; Tuberculosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. To review imaging studies of isolated involvement of the sacrum due to tuberculosis and determine the role of imaging in the diagnosis and management of these patients. Design and patients. A retrospective analysis of 15 cases of isolated sacral tuberculosis imaged with MR imaging was performed. The CT images were also reviewed where available, and the various lesion characteristics were identified. We also reviewed the medical records in an attempt to determine the impact of the imaging studies on the management of these patients. Results. Fifteen patients (5 male, 10 female) presented with symptoms of 3–15 months’ duration. Chronic localized backache with muscle spasm was the commonest presenting symptom; discharging sinuses with abscess formation was found in six patients, five of whom were children. MR imaging of the sacrum revealed a hypointense marrow signal on T1-weighted images and hyperintense signal on T2-weighted images in 14 of 15 patients, the S2 vertebra being always involved. CT revealed osteolytic changes in the sacrum in all the five patients in whom CT was performed. All patients showed marked clinical improvement within 1 year of anti-tuberculous chemotherapy. Conclusion. Isolated tuberculosis of the sacrum is uncommon but should be suspected in patients presenting with chronic low backache or children with discharging sinuses/abscesses and showing sacral destruction on CT or MR imaging. MR imaging can identify cases and enables early institution of anti- tuberculous chemotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560000229
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    Juxtacortical chondromyxoid fibroma arising in an apophysis (2000)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 29 (2000), S. 466-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Bone neoplasm ; Chondromyxoid fibroma ; Femur ; Apophysis ; Radiography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We present a rare case of juxtacortical chondromyxoid fibroma arising in the lesser trochanter of the right femur which corresponds to an apophysis. Radiography showed a well-defined expansive lesion with a sclerotic margin measuring 5×3.5 cm in diameter in the lesser trochanter. On spin echo T1-weighted images, the lesion revealed low signal intensity similar to muscle. On spin echo T2-weighted images, the lesion revealed high heterogeneous signal intensity, which after gadolinium injection showed heterogeneous enhancement. The inner margin of the cortex was intact and adjacent bone marrow was of normal signal intensity. The outer margin of the lesion was also clearly defined and extension into adjacent soft tissue beyond the exophytic cortical outgrowth was not evident.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560000245
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    Familial occurrence of glenoid dysplasia: report of two cases in two consecutive generations (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 120 (2000), S. 349-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Keywords: Key words Glenoid dysplasia ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Multidirectional shoulder dislocation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Glenoid dysplasia is a rare abnormality of the shoulder. We report glenoid dysplasia in two consecutive generations: a boy and his father. Both suffered recurrent shoulder dislocations, and radiological examination revealed bilateral glenoid dysplasia. Our cases confirm dominant inheritance of this osseous malformation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004020050481
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    Diagnostic and therapeutic management of lumbar and thoracic spondylodiscitis – an evaluation of 59 cases (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 120 (2000), S. 245-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Keywords: Key words Spondylodiscitis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography ; Diagnostic algorithm ; Therapeutic algorithm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fifty-nine patients with spondylodiscitis (SD) of the thoracic and/or lumbar spine were followed-up clinically and radiologically [X-ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)] over a mean time of 2.2 years (1–6.5 years). All patients without abscess formation (n = 35) were treated conservatively. Out of the group with abscess formation (n = 24) 6 patients were also treated conservatively, 11 were drained under CT control and 7 were operated. At time of diagnosis, “signs of florid inflammation” were seen in 60% of the roentgenograms, in 93% of the CTs and in all of the MRIs. The sensitivity to differentiate between SD with and without abscess formation was 85% by MRI and 69% by CT. “Signs of regressive inflammation” and “signs of increasing osseous consolidation”, essential facts for starting remobilization, could first be seen using CT 6 weeks after onset of therapy. Using MRI these signs were seen with a considerable delay at 12 weeks. Clinically, only 3 of the 59 analyzed patients developed recurrent SD. In conclusion, MRI is the radiological method of choice for establishing the diagnosis of SD, in particular with regard to differentiating between cases with and without abscess formations. In contrast, CT is superior for performing success control after treatment. Therapeutically, conservative, minimal-invasive and operative procedures are not rival but rather complementary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004020050457
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  • 70
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    Oxygen Configuration in the Superconductor (Hg0.7Mo0.3)Sr2(Ca1−xRx)Cu2Oz (R = Nd and Pr) (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of superconductivity 13 (2000), S. 111-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9605
    Keywords: superconductivity ; Hg-based cuprate ; Hg-1212 (Hg,Mo)Sr2(Ca,R)Cu2O z ; neutron diffraction ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Two series of Hg-based oxides (Hg0.7Mo0.3)Sr2(Ca1−x R x )Cu2O z (R = Nd and Pr, 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.7) have been synthesized. Electrical-resistivity measurements show that these compounds are superconductors with maximum onset T c of 107 and 102 K for Nd- and Pr-containing samples, respectively. The neutron powder diffraction experiments on both as-prepared and O2-annealed samples of R = Nd revealed that the O(3) site at the HgOδ sheets are fully occupied and shifted towards the Hg/Mo site to form Mo–O bonds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007738528912
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    Gliomas of the optic nerve: histological, immunohistochemical (MIB-1 and p53), and MRI analysis (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 99 (2000), S. 563-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Ki-67 labeling index ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Optic nerve glioma ; p53 ; Pilocytic ¶astrocytoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Gliomas of the optic nerve, although typically of pilocytic (WHO grade I) histology, can present within the spectrum of astrocytic neoplasia including glioblastoma (WHO grade IV). In certain cases, histologic features alone make the distinction between pilocytic and diffuse astrocytomas difficult. We reviewed 22 cases of optic nerve gliomas, 19 of which were pilocytic astrocytomas (PA), and 3 of which were diffuse, non-pilocytic astrocytomas. The cases were evaluated for their clinical course, radiographic appearance, histologic grade, and proliferation indices as detected by MIB-1 (Ki-67) and p53 antibodies. Of the 19 PA, 14 showed no tumor growth by magnetic resonance imaging, and had Ki-67 and p53 labeling indices (LI) of 〈 1%. The other 5 PA exhibited aggressive behavior manifest by marked diffuse infiltrative tumor growth causing death in 2 patients, 1 of whom was diagnosed with neurofibromatosis type 1 (immunoperoxidase and radiographs not available), and marked local growth with an average time to growth of 39.3 months, a Ki-67 LI of 2–3%, and a p53 LI of 〈 1% in three others. Three of the five aggressive PA histologically demonstrated a finely reticulated pattern, a pattern that appears as an exaggeration or expansion of the normal neuroglia of the optic nerve, and may simulate a diffuse low-grade astrocytoma. Two demonstrated the coarsely reticulated pattern, with the biphasic and microcystic pattern typical of PA. Three diffuse astrocytomas (2 anaplastic astrocytomas and 1 glioblastoma) originated clinically and radiographically from the optic nerve, and revealed a Ki-67 LI of 2–12%, a p53 LI of 2–8%, and an average time to growth of 8 months. We conclude that the majority of PA of the optic nerve are non-aggressive, stabilize radiographically, and have Ki-67 and p53 LI 〈 1%. However, a subpopulation of PA has a propensity for aggressive behavior, and are identified by a Ki-67 LI of 2–3% and a p53 LI of 〈 1%. Diffuse astrocytomas have both Ki-67 and p53 LI 〉 2%. Thus, in cases of aggressive optic nerve tumors in which the histologic review of biopsy material cannot confidently confirm the diagnosis of pilocytic or diffuse fibrillary glioma, a p53 LI of 〉 1% appears to favor the diagnosis of diffuse astrocytoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051161
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    Acute myelofibrosis: multifocal bone marrow infiltration detected by scintigraphy and magnetic resonance imaging (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 79 (2000), S. 275-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words Acute myelofibrosis ; Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia ; Scintigraphy ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Interferon gamma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Acute myelofibrosis is a rare, malignant hematological disorder of unknown etiology with an inevitably fatal outcome. Here we present the study of a 63-year-old Caucasian man with acute onset of pancytopenia. Repeated bone marrow biopsies showed dense fibrosis and hypoplastic hematopoiesis raising various differential diagnoses of malignant and nonmalignant conditions. Bone marrow scintigraphy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed areas suggesting neoplastic infiltration, mainly in both femurs and tibias. Histological examination of a surgical biopsy of the left tibia revealed acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. As the patient refused polychemotherapy, therapy with interferon gamma was initiated but discontinued prematurely because of intolerable side effects. The presented case therefore suggests that the combination of bone marrow scintigraphy and MRI is a valuable diagnostic tool in patients presenting with myelofibrosis of unknown origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002770050593
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  • 73
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    Functional organization of the human masseter muscle (2000)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 22 (2000), S. 181-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Masseter muscle ; Architecture ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The authors carried out an anatomic and magnetic resonance imaging study of the architecture of the elevator muscles of the mandible in 169 cadavers. The aim of this study was to define the architectural organization of the human masseter muscle, temporalis and pterygoid muscles. Layered dissections and anatomic sections in different spatial planes showed that the masseter muscle exhibited a typical pennate structure consisting of a succession of alternating musculoaponeurotic layers. The muscle had three well-differentiated parts the superficial, intermediate and deep masseter muscles. The same pattern was constantly found 1) for the superficial masseter, two alternate musculoaponeurotic layers oriented at 60∘ in relation to the plane of occlusion, 2) for the intermediate masseter, a single musculo-aponeurotic layer oriented at 90∘ in relation to the occlusal plane, 3) for the deep masseter, three musculoaponeurotic layers whose general orientation was at 90∘ for the bounding layers and 110∘ for the intermediate layer. The MRI study confirmed the reality of this architectural arrangement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-000-0181-5
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  • 74
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    Cortical malformations: a frequent cause of epilepsy in children (2000)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 159 (2000), S. 555-562 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Epilepsy ; Cortical malformations ; Migration disorders ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Brain development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this review, a simplified scheme for classification of cortical malformations is introduced and illustrated based on the work of Barkovich et al. [8]. Detailed MRI studies identify cortical malformations as a major cause of epilepsy in children. Two aspects that are becoming increasingly important for the paediatrician are emphasised. First, knowledge of the genetic background of cortical malformations is necessary for appropriate genetic counselling. Although the majority of cortical malformations occur sporadically, recent studies have shown a familial pattern in specific epilepsy syndromes associated with cortical malformations. Second, the epilepsy becomes refractory to the common anti-epileptic drugs in many patients with cortical malformations so that epilepsy surgery should be considered. In this respect, the paediatrician can play a pivotal role in referring candidate patients for further specialised assessment. Conclusion The input of the paediatrician will become crucial to link clinical, genetic and neuro-imaging data in children with the great variety of possible cortical malformations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310000452
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  • 75
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    Adult care in phenylketonuria and hyperphenylalaninaemia: the relevance of neurological abnormalities (2000)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 159 (2000), S. S114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Dietary therapy ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Neurology ; Pathology ; Phenylketonuria ; AbbreviationsHPA hyperphenylalaninaemia ; 1H-MRS proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; Phe phenylalanine ; PKU phenylketonuria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Neurological abnormalities in phenylketonuria were described before dietary treatment became possible. These included tremor, clumsiness, epilepsy, spastic paraparesis and occasionally extrapyramidal features. Neurological deterioration after childhood was recognised. Patients with neurological deterioration described recently have been late diagnosed or intellectually impaired or both. No early diagnosed patient who was well treated and of good intellectual outcome has yet shown neurological deterioration after stopping diet but it may happen. Conclusion The fascinating links between pathology, magnetic resonance imaging appearances, magnetic resonance spectroscopy results and clinical features are not yet clearly understood. Patients must understand the possible risks of stopping diet and make their choice. All patients need help, support and follow-up regardless of the choices they make over continuing diet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00014373
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  • 76
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    Recurrence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma isolated to the right masticator and left psoas muscles (2000)
    Springer
    European radiology 10 (2000), S. 841-843 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Lymphoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Skeletal muscle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We present the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings of a patient who, following treatment for pancreatic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), relapsed with apparently isolated involvement of the right masticator space and left psoas muscles. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma arising from the masticator space muscles is very rare. In addition, simultaneous lymphomatous involvement of multiple discrete skeletal muscle sites, in the absence of disease elsewhere, has previously only been reported in the limb or limb girdle muscles. Lymphoma should be considered as a cause of isolated enlarged skeletal muscles, even when involving such distant sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300051015
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  • 77
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    MRI demonstration of intracerebral cryptococcal granuloma (2000)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 30-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Granuloma cryptococcal ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Pulse sequences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report an intracerebral cryptococcal granuloma in a patient who presented with recent memory disturbance and deteriorating mental status followed by temporary loss of consciousness. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an intracerebral cryptococcal granuloma examined by a combination of conventional MRI, fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery and diffusion-weighted imaging and in which the surgical specimen was analysed histochemically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050006
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  • 78
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    MRI of intracranial toxoplasmosis after bone marrow transplantation (2000)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 14-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Bone marrow, transplantation ; Toxoplasmosis, cerebral ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Toxoplasma encephalitis was confirmed by biopsy in three patients with bone marrow (BMT) or peripheral blood stem-cell transplantation (PBSCT). All had MRI before antimicrobial therapy. The intensity of contrast enhancement was very variable. One patient had one large, moderately enhancing cerebral lesion and several smaller almost nonenhancing lesions. The second had small nodular and haemorrhagic lesions without any enhancement. The third had late cerebral toxoplasmosis and showed multiple lesions with marked contrast enhancement. The moderate or absent contrast enhancement in the two patients in the early phase of cerebral toxoplasmosis may be related to a poor immunological response, with a low white blood cell count in at least one patient. Both received higher doses of prednisone than the patient with late infection, leading to a reduced inflammatory response. In patients with a low leukocyte count and/or high doses of immunosuppressive therapy, typical contrast enhancement may be absent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050003
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  • 79
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    Cranial MRI in the Nijmegen breakage syndrome (2000)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 43-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Nijmegen breakage syndrome ; Anomalies of brain ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present the results ¶of MRI examinations in ten patients with documented Nijmegen ¶breakage syndrome (NBS), aged 1.75–19 years. T1-, Proton-Density- and T2-weighted spin-echo sequences were performed in three planes. All patients showed microcephaly with decreased size of the frontal lobes and narrow frontal horns. In four patients agenesis of the posterior part of the corpus callosum was found, with colpocephaly and temporal horns dilatation. In one patient callosal hypoplasia was accompanied by abnormal cerebrospinal fluid spaces and wide cerebral cortex, suspicious of pachygyria. Sinusitis was present in all ten patients, as a result of primary immunodeficiency. As in ataxia teleangiectasia and other breakage syndromes, patients with NBS show an inherited susceptibility to malignancy and hypersensitivity to X- and γ-radiation. CT is therefore contraindicated in these patients and MRI should be the method of choice for diagnostic imaging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050011
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  • 80
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    Dermal sinus with dermoid cyst in the upper cervical spine: case note (2000)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 51-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Sinus dermal ; Cyst dermoid ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe a 5 year-old girl who had a skin dimple of the back of her upper neck. MRI showed a dermal sinus tract in the upper cervical spine, associated with an intramedullary dermoid cyst at C 2–3, and spina bifida. A laminectomy was performed, the dermoid cyst and the sinus tract were completely removed. This congenital complex is very rare.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050013
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  • 81
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    MRI T-staging of laryngeal tumours: role of contrast medium (2000)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 66-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Larynx, tumours ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Contrast medium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Our aim was to evaluate the relative diagnostic accuracy of MRI without contrast medium and MRI before and after contrast medium in the assessment of T-staging of laryngeal tumours. We studied 25 men (mean age 51.8, range 41–61) with laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas, using Spin-echo (SE) T1-weighted and fast SE T2-weighted sequences. The T1-weighted sequences were then repeated after gadolinium-diethylene-triaminepenta-acetic acid (Gd DTPA) 0.1 ml/kg. All patients then underwent biopsy and surgery. Two radiologists independently assessed the anonymised images by filling-out two multiple-choice forms, one for each technique, at a 2 week interval. The forms included a judgement concerning tumour identification and infiltration of the anterior commissure, supraglottic region, arytenoid cartilage, Morgagni's ventricle, paraglottic space, thyroid and cricoid cartilages, thyro-hyo-epiglottic space, vocal cords, subglottic region, and epiglottis. Similar forms were filled out by the surgeon and the pathologist after surgery. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of MRI were unaffected by the use of contrast medium. Since it did not provide additional staging information, its continued routine use in these cases is not justified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050017
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  • 82
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    Bilateral thalamic glioma: case report (2000)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 732-734 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Glioma, thalamic, bilateral ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a 63-year-old man who had a rare bilateral thalamic glioma. He complained of difficulty with calculations and had mental deterioration. T1-weighted images revealed bilateral thalamic swelling with homogeneous low signal and no contrast enhancement. The tumour, showing decrease of N-acetylaspartate and the presence of lactate on magnetic resonance spectroscopy, was diagnosed as an astrocytoma by stereotactic biopsy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340000380
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  • 83
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    Primary central nervous system immunocytoma: MRI and spectroscopy (2000)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 738-741 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Lymphoma ; Central nervous system ; Immunocytoma, cerebral ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report on a young woman with a primary cerebral immunocytoma. Most primary cerebral nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) are highly malignant undifferentiated B-cell tumours, there are few data on the clinical course, MRI and spectroscopy findings of this rare PCNSL subtype. MRI revealed a radially enhancing tumour with mild perifocal oedema. MR spectroscopy indicated low cell turnover. Slow clinical progression, no significant changes with treatment, and imaging findings were consistent with a low-grade malignant tumour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340000392
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  • 84
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    MRI in tick-borne encephalitis (2000)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 753-755 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Encephalitis, tick-borne ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Basal ganglia ; Thalamus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus gives rise to epidemic encephalitis. Mild forms usually manifest as influenza-like episodes or are clinically silent. MRI is usually normal in TBE. We describe severe TBE in a patient who presented with fever and altered mental status after a tick bite and a specific antibody response to TBE. MRI revealed pronounced signal abnormalities in the basal ganglia and thalamus, without contrast enhancement. These findings coincide well with neuropathological studies of severe nerve cell degeneration with inflammatory cell infiltrates, neuronophagia and reactive astrocytosis in the deep grey matter. We review the literature and discuss the relevant differential diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340000396
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  • 85
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    Classification of acquired lesions of the corpus callosum with MRI (2000)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 795-802 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Corpus callosum ; Ischaemia ; Demyelination ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract MRI has facilitated diagnostic assessment of the corpus callosum. Diagnostic classification of solitary or multiple lesions of the corpus callosum has not attracted much attention, although signal abnormalities are not uncommon. Our aim was to identify characteristic imaging features of lesions frequently encountered in practice. We reviewed the case histories of 59 patients with lesions shown on MRI. The nature of the lesions was based on clinical features and/or long term follow-up (ischaemic 20, Virchow-Robin spaces 3, diffuse axonal injury 7, multiple sclerosis 11, hydrocephalus 5, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis 5, Marchiafava-Bignami disease 4, lymphoma 2, glioblastoma hamartoma each 1). The location in the sagittal plane, the relationship to the borders of the corpus callosum and midline and the size were documented. The 20 ischaemic lesions were asymmetrical but adjacent to the midline; the latter was involved in new or large lesions. Diffuse axonal injury commonly resulted in large lesions, which tended to be asymmetrical; the midline and borders of the corpus callosum were always involved. Lesions in MS were small, at the lower border of the corpus callosum next to the septum pellucidum, and crossed the midline asymmetrically. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and the other perivenous inflammatory diseases caused relatively large, asymmetrical lesions. Hydrocephalus resulted in lesions of the upper part of the corpus callosum, and mostly in its posterior two thirds; they were found in the midline. Lesions in Marchiafava-Bignami disease were large, often symmetrically in the midline in the splenium and did not reach the edge of the corpus callosum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340000430
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  • 86
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    Neuroradiological history: Sir Joseph Larmor and the basis of MRI physics (2000)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 852-855 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Larmor ; Joseph ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Neurology history
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The origin of many of the eponymous terms in modern medicine is unknown to many people who utter them daily. As a contribution to understanding the historical background of MRI, we provide a brief account of the life and work of Joseph Larmor, the Irish scientist, whose name is frequently used by chemists, physicists and radiologists alike.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340000400
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  • 87
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    Gadolinium-myelocisternography for cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea (2000)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 874-880 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Gadolinium-containing contrast medium ; Myelocisternography ; Cerebrospinal fluid leakage ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Knowledge of the exact site of leakage of cerebrospinal fluid CSF leakage is important for planning surgery. We report our experience with myelocisternography with Gd-DTPA. We decided that intrathecal use of this contrast medium was justified in selected cases when other techniques have failed. After we had given detailed information to four patients with CSF leakage, they underwent five examinations. The images were interpreted by comparing those before and after injection. In all cases the contrast medium arrived at the basal cisterns, giving high contrast against adjacent structures. All patients tolerated the examination without complications or any indication of side effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340000485
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  • 88
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    Idiopathic granulomatous hypophysitis: are there reliable, constant radiological and clinical diagnostic criterias? (2000)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 890-894 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Pituitary ; Hypophysitis, granulomatous ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Idiopathic granulomatous hypophysitis is a rare inflammatory disease of unknown aetiology; few cases are reported. We review the clinical presentation and radiological characteristics of these cases and our own experience with three new surgical cases, to determine diagnostic criteria. MRI of three cases revealed sellar lesions extending into the chiasmatic cistern. Their shape varied, from dumbbell to spherical and elliptical. All were isointense with the brain on T1-weighted images and gave heterogeneously high signal on T2-weighted images. Contrast enhancement was homogeneous in one case and heterogeneous in another. The pituitary stalk could not be identified. There was no dural enhancement. The sphenoid sinus mucosa was thickened in two cases and normal in one.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340000481
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    A case of ochronosis: MRI of the lumbar spine (2000)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 905-907 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Alkaptonuria ; Ochronosis ; Spine ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present the MRI features of the lumbar spine in a patient with ochronosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340000428
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  • 90
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    Primary malignant lymphoma of the maxillary sinus: CT and MRI (2000)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 285-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Lymphoma ; malignant ; Sinus ; maxillary ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We reviewed the CT and MRI of seven patients with primary malignant lymphoma of the maxillary sinus to find if there are characteristic imaging findings suggestive of the disease. The images were analysed for appearance, size, signal, internal characteristics, extent of tumour, bone change and lymph node enlargement. In two patients, the tumour first presented with mucosal thickening. In the remaining five, the tumours were an expansile mass 4–6 cm in diameter at the time of detection. Although it was difficult to distinguish tumour from mucosa or obstructed fluid on CT, T2-weighted MRI enabled us to separate tumour from normal mucosa or fluid. In two patients, the tumours were heterogeneous. Calcification and haemorrhage were observed in one patient. Periantral soft-tissue infiltration was always present, even when tumour appeared as slight mucosal thickening. Posterior extension was seen in all patients. Permeative and lytic bone destruction accompanied most cases of periantral soft-tissue infiltration; mixed destruction and sclerosis was also observed. Mucosal thickening with periantral soft-tissue infiltration may suggest malignant lymphoma of the maxillary sinus in its early form. Various types of bone change may accompany the periantral soft-tissue infiltration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050887
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    Hippocampal malrotation with normal corpus callosum: a new entity? (2000)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 339-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Brain, development ; Hippocampus ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Epilepsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Among 527 MRI examinations of patients with a suspicion of epilepsy in 5 years, we found 32 cases of hippocampal malrotation (HIMAL). The characteristic features are: incomplete inversion of the hippocampus with and abnormally round shape; unilateral involvement of the whole hippocampus; normal signal intensity and size; blurred internal structure; an abnormal angle of collateral sulcus; abnormal position and size of the fornix; normal size of the temporal lobe; enlargement and particular configuration of the temporal horn, typical of corpus callosum agenesis; and a normal corpus callosum. In 7 cases (22 %) HIMAL occurred together with developmental disorders. It was predominantly seen in men. The clinical features were varied. Based on some MRI features, the presence of developmental disorders, the male predominance, the frequently positive family history, and a review of the literature, we think HIMAL may be the consequence of a mild hemisphere developmental disorder. It is probably not the basic cause of epilepsy in such varied clinical setting, but may be a sign of a developmental disorder and can help in selecting patients for more meticulous investigation. It also may give some new understanding of brain development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050895
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    MRI of orbital schwannomas (2000)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 466-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Orbit ; Schwannoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The literature on MRI of orbital schwannomas is limited. The appearances in three patients with an orbital schwannoma were reviewed. A superior orbitotomy through a subfrontal craniotomy revealed a schwannoma in all cases. MRI characteristics of very low signal on T 1-weighted images and homogeneous postcontrast enhancement may be helpful for differentiating schwannomas from other intraconal masses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340000296
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    Dural enhancement in pituitary macroadenomas (2000)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 505-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Meninges ; Adenoma ; pituitary ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe the normal dural enhancement patterns of the sellar region and determine whether the duramater is affected by pituitary macroadenomas. Dural enhancement appeared to be usually abnormal in 20 patients with pituitary macroadenoma compared with 20 control patients, mainly at the planum sphenoidale and carotid sulcus. However dural changes are subtle and their recognition requires knowledge of the normal enhancement patterns. Dural changes, reported in a variety of inflammatory and infectious dural diseases and after surgery, are not specific and may be also seen in pituitary macroadenomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340000346
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Virtual endoscopy of the inner ear and the auditory canal (2000)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 543-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Inner ear ; Virtual endoscopy ; Volume rendering ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To assess the role of virtual endoscopy (VE) in the examination of intracisternal structures and of the inner ear, we studied the anatomy of the labyrinth and internal auditory canal using the original CT slices and VE on the unaffected side in three female and three male patients, age range 3–46 years, with contralateral retrocochlear hearing loss. We also examined seven patients with different pathological findings. VE was performed using an advanced postprocessing program with high- resolution 3D data sets of CT (1–1.5 mm thickness, pitch 1.25) and MRI-CISS-3D (constructive interference in steady state) images of the basal cisterns (1.5 T, slice thickness 0.7–1 mm). VE provides an endoscopic-like view from a given point within the basal cisterns of vessels and nerves (on MRI) or of the structures of the inner ear (on CT). The complex anatomy and pathological changes in the inner ear can be faithfully shown. The main advantage is not basic diagnostic information but demonstration of topographically complex situations, such as the canalicular system of the inner ear, for discussion, preoperative planning and teaching.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340000329
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rupture of spinal dermoid tumors with spread of fatty droplets in the cerebrospinal fluid pathways (2000)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 572-579 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Dermoid tumor ; spinal ; Syringomyelia ; Fat ; free ; Meningitis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cranial and spinal MRI was carried out at 0.5 or 1.5 T in five patients with spinal dermoid tumours. Free fatty material was appreciated within the normally communicating cerebrospinal fluid pathways in all five cases and in one case fat droplets were also observed within a dilated central canal of the spinal cord. While dissemination of lipid within the subarachnoid space and ventricles is easily understandable, the presence of lipid droplets within the central canal is more difficult to explain, since the central canal is only potential in the adult. When a dermoid tumor is suspected, we recommend MRI of the entire central nervous system, to detect possible leakage of fat from rupture of a cystic portion of the tumour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340000345
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagnosis of acute ischaemic stroke with fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and diffusion-weighted sequences (2000)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 602-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Stroke ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Pulse sequences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We evaluated the feasibility and use of diffusion-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery pulse sequences performed as an emergency for patients with acute ischaemic stroke. A 5-min MRI session was designed as an emergency diagnostic procedure for patients admitted with suspected acute ischaemic stroke. We reviewed routine clinical implementation of the procedure, and its sensitivity and specificity for acute ischaemic stroke over the first 8 months. We imaged 91 patients (80 min to 48 h following the onset of stroke). Clinical deficit had resolved in less than 3 h in 15 patients, and the remaining 76 were classified as stroke (59) or stroke-like (17) after hospital discharge. Sensitivity of MRI for acute ischaemic stroke was 98 %, specificity 100 %. MRI provided an immediate and accurate picture of the number, site, size and age of ischaemic lesions in stroke and simplified diagnosis in stroke-like episodes. The feasibility and high diagnostic accuracy of emergency MRI in acute stroke strongly support its routine use in a stroke centre.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340000356
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Delayed transient neurologic toxicity due to tacrolimus: CT and MRI (2000)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 666-668 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words White matter ; White matter ; Immunosuppressive therapy, complications ; Bone-marrow transplant ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a case of transient neurologic toxicity secondary to tacrolimus. The clinical and imaging findings are reported and their subsequent regression after interruption of therapy in the patient following a bone-marrow transplant is also described. The etiology of the neurotoxicity and its analogy with other immunosuppressant agents are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340000298
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A residual cystic lesion in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (2000)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 682-684 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Cyst ; Japanese encephalitis vaccine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) with a residual cystic lesion on MRI. This seemed to be induced by Japanese encephalitis vaccination. Despite complete clinical improvement with high-dose steroid therapy, the cystic lesion has persisted for 3 years on MRI. There have been no previous reports of residual cystic lesions in ADEM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002349900240
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unilateral congenital cerebral venous dysgenesis (2000)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 40-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Veins, cerebral, anomalies ; Angiography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract I report a 30-year-old woman with congenital cerebral venous dysgenesis with absence of the internal cerebral and basal veins and most of the cortical veins. Unlike the more common bilateral picture, she had involvement only on the left side, which delayed presentation and gave relatively mild symptoms. The embryological mechanism and differential diagnosis of unilateral absence of the internal cerebral, basal and cortical veins are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050010
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    De novo development of presumed cavernomas following resolution of E. Coli subdural empyemas (2000)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 778-780 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Cavernous angioma ; Empyema, subdural ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cavernomas fall within the group of angiographically occult lesions and may be found in up to 4 % of the population [1]. They may occur at any age, and with the advent of MRI incidental cavernomas are increasingly identified. The pathogenesis is uncertain. Familial cases are well recognised with a reported prevalence of 10–15 % [2–3]. The incidence of new lesions has been reported at 0.4 lesions per patient per year in cases with familial cavernomas [4]. Presumed cavernomas have been documented following radiation for malignancy [5–6], and sterotactic cerebral biopsy [7]. There have been no previously documented cases of de novo genesis of cavernomas following bacterial meningitis and subdural empyemas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340000397
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