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  • 1970-1974  (449)
  • 1890-1899
  • 1880-1889
  • 1970  (449)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (413)
  • Rat  (36)
  • 201
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    Electronic Resource
    American Association of Anatomists. Proceedings of the American Association of Anatomists, eighty-third meeting, northwestern university school of medicine, March 31, April 1,2,3, 1970, with list of officers and members (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 237-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091680210
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  • 202
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    Constitution (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 325-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091680211
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  • 203
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    Erratum (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 329-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091680212
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  • 204
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    Effects of sex hormones on diet-induced atrial thrombosisSupported by grants from the National Institutes of Health, U.S.P.H.S. (HE 04052 and RR 05423) and Institutional Research grant (GR 00287). (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 331-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Male and female Taconic Swiss mice were fed a high-fat (28%), low-protein (8%), hypolipotropic diet. Intact mice and gonadectomized mice, with and without injections of estrone or testosterone phenylacetate were studied.The sex of the animals did not alter the incidence or type of diet-induced cardiovascular lesions. During the 6-12 weeks of feeding thrombi developed in the atrial lumina of 75%-88% of intact and gonadectomized male and female mice. The only prominent decrease in the incidence of such thrombosis was in gonadectomized animals of both sexes receiving estrone where it was reduced to 6%-16%. In castrated males receiving injections of testosterone phenylacetate (Perandren) the incidence of thrombosis was 65%.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091680301
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  • 205
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aortic arches in the chick embryo: Origin of the cells as determined by radioautographic mapping (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 351-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The origin of the cells which form the aortic arches in the chick embryo was determined by tracing the movements of tritiated thymidine-labeled grafts excised from medium streak (MS) to head process (HP) stage embryos and transplanted to the epiblast, streak and endoderm-mesoderm layers of similarly staged recipient embryos.Between the MS and HP stages, the preaortic arch cells migrate in epiblast to the primitive streak, invaginate, and move anteriorly and laterally from the streak into mesoderm; at the HP stage they are lateral to the cells which will form the anterior parts of the dorsal aortae, and medial to the heart-forming regions. The most anterior prearch cells form the first arch and the more posterior cells form the more posterior arches. The prearch cells are closely associated during migration with the endoderm cells which will form the adjacent branchial arches and clefts.Cells which will form the posterior end of the aorta are still in the epiblast layer at the late medium streak (LMS) stage, but have moved to the primitive streak at the HP stage; they migrate from the streak into mesoderm posterior and medial to the mesoderm destined for the heart and aortic arches.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091680303
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  • 206
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    Structure and innervation of the ciliary processes of the albino rabbit eyeThis research was supported in part by United States Public Health Service Research grant AM 11407. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 339-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Various physiological and anatomical studies have suggested that the ciliary epithelium may be under the influence of adrenergic nerve fibers. This study was undertaken in an attempt to characterize the innervation of the ciliary epithelium. Both light and electron microscopy revealed that the ciliary epithelium is only sparsely innervated. In addition, the ciliary epithelium overlies a highly vascular stroma, and the distance between the large vascular channels and the ciliary epithelium is small. These features of the stroma indicate it is structurally suited for a transport function, a fact which supports earlier reports that the elaborate membrane infoldings of the ciliary epithelium are indicative of a transport function. The discrepancy between previous descriptions of the innervation of the ciliary epithelium, demonstrating complex subepithelial plexuses of adrenergic nerve fibers, and the results of the present study may be due to the fact that the fluorescence technique used in previous studies could have labelled some other tissue component in addition to adrenergic nerve fibers. Results with orcein and aldehyde fuchsin stains indicate that the disposition of elastic fibers in the ciliary processes is similar to previous descriptions of adrenergic nerve fibers as determined by fluorescent techniques.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091680302
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  • 207
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    The effects of infused materials upon the regeneration of newt limbs. III. Blastemal extracts and alkaline phosphatase in irradiated limb stumpsWork supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (J.D.D.) and by the Atomic Energy Commission (J.N.D.). (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 525-535 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Forelimbs of adult eastern spotted newts were irradiated with 2000 or 3000 r of x-rays, and were amputated through the elbow region. Limbs treated in this way or infused by means of a Singer microinfusion apparatus with amphibian Ringer's solution were observed as controls. Experimental limbs were infused at various times with (1) amphibian Ringer's solution containing material extracted from two-week-old blastemata from unirradiated limb stumps or (2) one of four concentrations of alkaline phosphatase dissolved in Ringer's solution.Small polyps or blastema-like conical structures were the only regenerative responses that followed the various infusion procedures. Blastemal extract and Ringer's solution alone seemed to be equally effective in inducting these regenerative growths, but no such growths followed mere irradiation and amputation. Alkaline phosphatase was more effective than either the blastemal extract or Ringer's solution in inducing the growth of conical structures. These initial growths in a number of cases persisted as very short cones composed mostly of amorphous cartilage and connective tissue or as pseudoblastematous aggregations of cells. However, extensive regression of tissues and shortening of the limb was seen rather frequently in limbs treated with alkaline phosphatase.Ringer's solution and blastemal extracts did little to reverse the regeneration-inhibiting effects of irradiation on amputated limbs. It appears that alkaline phosphatase caused a more frequent, if still limited, reversal of these effects, and it is suggested that a part of these inhibitory effects may result from damage done to the production of alkaline phosphatase.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091680405
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  • 208
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    Intracristal helices in salivary gland mitochondria (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 565-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Helical filaments have been found within dilated intracristal spaces of normal rat salivary gland mitochondria. Filament diameter measured 35-45 Å, and the helix diameter and pitch were 140-155 Å. They were found in as many as 25% of the mitochondria of acinar and intercalated duct cells. Helices were not found in mitochondria of the striated duct cells.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091680408
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  • 209
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    Tissue cholesterol preservation: Solubility of cholesterol digitonide in ethanolSupported in part by U.S.P.H.S. grant 5 R01 AM 90432-06 and 5 R01 CA 10239-04. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 569-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The solubility of purified cholesterol digitonide in absolute and aqueous ethanols was investigated. The results indicate that preservation of cholesterol (or other 3-B-hydroxysterols) in tissues prepared for electron and light microscopy by digitonin-containing fixatives may not be quantitative when ethanol and, in particular, absolute ethanol, is used for dehydration.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091680409
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  • 210
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    Radioautographic study of RNA synthesis in normal and actinomycin D treated rat embryosThe research reported in this paper was presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (R.L.J.), University of Cincinnati.Supported by NIH research grant HD-02792 to J.G.W. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 549-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Incorporation of tritiated uridine in embryonic and extraembryonic tissues of normal and actinomycin D treated rats was determined by radioautography on days 7 through 11 of gestation. Precursor incorporation was equated with RNA synthesis and correlated with developmental events and with previously determined teratogenic effects of actinomycin D.Uptake of uridine increased progressively in untreated animals from days 7 through 10 in decidua, trophoblastic giant cells, and visceral and parietal yolk sac endoderm, and remained relatively high in all except visceral yolk endoderm which dropped sharply on day 11. Actinomycin D did not significantly alter uptake in decidua and parietal yolk sac endoderm but caused appreciable reduction of uptake in trophoblast and visceral yolk sac epithelium on days 9 and 10.Uridine incorporation in embryonic ectoderm of untreated animals was relatively low but measurable at all times after day 7 and increased steadily through day 11. It was significantly depressed by actinomycin D on days 9 and 10. These observations correlated well with known developmental events and with teratogenic manifestations following actinomycin D treatment.Tritiated actinomycin D was shown by radioautography to be present in the embryo on day 9, 10 and 11 of gestation, and was shown to be bound to DNA, by virtue of its disappearance after application of deoxyribonuclease. It was concluded that the teratogenic action of actinomycin D in rats is probably dependent on direct intraembryonic inhibition of RNA synthesis.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091680407
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  • 211
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    Masthead (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660101
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  • 212
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    Alterations in fine structure of the opossum adrenal cortex following sodium deprivationThis investigation was supported, in part, by PHS Research Grant No. GM-06729. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 1-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of adrenal cortices of opossums maintained on a sodium deficient diet for 21 days has been examined. After this treatment, the thickness of the zona glomerulosa is increased due to hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the parenchymal cells. After 21 days on the low sodium diet, the glomerulosa cells are characterized by large accumulations of smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. This appearance is in marked contrast to the sparse representation of smooth surfaced reticulum in control animals. The rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum becomes organized into long flattened cisternal profiles in parallel array and appears to be increased in quantity. The Golgi complex is also hypertrophied but marked changes in other organelles were not observed. Cells of the zona fasciculata appear to be unaffected by sodium depletion. Large lipid droplets accumulate in the zona reticularis of experimental animals but this zone is otherwise comparable to control animals. The bearing of these results on hypotheses of physiological control of secretion of the zona glomerulosa are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660102
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  • 213
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    A record of “testis cords” in the ovary of a mature hippopotamus (hippopotamus amphibius, Linn.) (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 47-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A small patch of immature-testis-like tubules is described from the ovary of a sexually mature, fertile hippopotamus. It is compared with similar tubules described in the literature from other species and it is concluded that the tubules are derived either from cords formed in the foetal ovary or are an early granulosa-cell tumor.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660104
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  • 214
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    Evidence for a structural relationship between sarcoplasmic reticulum and Z lines in dog papillary muscle (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 51-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Electron micrographs of dog papillary muscle fibers show the sarco-plasmic reticulum (SR) as an extensive three-dimensional network of diverging and converging tubules that is continuous throughout each sarcomere and in successive sarcomeres. The network surrounds each myofibril and is continuous across the fiber. Tubules of the SR network are oriented transversely and longitudinally. Interconnections of transversely and longitudinally oriented SR tubules form circular pathways in the network. A structural relationship appears to exist between the Z line and longitudinally and transversely oriented tubules of the SR network at their points of apposition with the Z line. A rather constant space approximately 100 Å wide is seen between SR tubules apposed at the Z line in cross-sections and in favorable longitudinal sections of fibrils. This space is traversed by electron-opaque strands which appear to be connections between SR tubules and the Z line. Other lines of evidence support the view that Z lines and SR tubules are connected. One of these is the change of position of Z line SR tubules in relation to the change of position of Z lines in adjacent fibrils. Another line of evidence is the continuity of SR apposed at the Z line and SR connected to the sarcolemma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660105
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  • 215
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    Morphological studies of the embryonic rabbit thymus: The in situ epithelial versus the extrathymic derivation of the initial population of lymphocytes in the embryonic thymusSupported by Research Grant AM-HE 12084-11 from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 27-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The present morphological investigation of the developing thymus of the rabbit during early embryogenesis differs with our previous studies concerning thymus lymphopoiesis in the chick and hamster which suggested that embryologically the first lymphocytes appearing in the thymus arise in situ by the direct transformation of undifferentiated epithelial cells comprising the organ parenchyma. Significantly, in the rabbit and in contrast with the chick and hamster, a few cells morphologically resembling but not completely identical to medium-size and large lymphocytes were evident in the mesenchyme near the thymus at a time just prior to the appearance of lymphocytes or lymphocytic precursors within the thymus parenchyma (twelve and one-half days of gestation). Within a few hours after the appearance of these extrathymic lymphocytic cells both medium-size and large lymphocytic cells were observed both in the thymus parenchyma and in the mesenchyme (thirteen and one-half days of gestation); these cells remain more numerous in the mesenchyme than in the thymus during the next several days. In some instances, only a thin basement membrane separated the lymphocytic cells within the thymus from the surrounding mesenchyme. In contrast with our earlier studies, several examples have been encountered between the fifteenth and seventeenth days of gestation of lymphocytic cells extending through the basement membrane seperating the thymus parenchyma from the surrounding capsular connective tissue. Morphologically cellular modulations between thymus undifferentiated epithelial cells and lymphocytic precursors have not been as convincing in the developing rabbit thymus as in the chick and hamster. In contrast with thymus development in the chick few mature or developing granulocytes are found near the embryonic rabbit thymus indicating that the primitive extrathymic lymphocytic cells are not myeloblasts.The morphological evidence of this investigation is consistent with the thesis that the first lymphocytes present in the embryonic thymus probably are derived from the invasion of extrathymic lymphocytic cells into the organ parenchyma rather than forming in situ from modulating undifferentiated epithelial cells. The presence of rare lymphocytic cells observed in the small vascular channels near the time of appearance of the lymphocytic cell population in the mesenchyme and within the thymus primordium would be consistent with the view that these primitive lymphocytic cells immigrate to the region of the thymus via the blood vascular system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660103
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  • 216
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    Fine structure of the pancreatic islet cells of normal and alloxan treated bats (Eptesicus fuscus)This research was supported, in part, by U. S. Public Health Service Grant AI-06448 (to P.R.B.) and a U. S. Public Health Service Career Development Award 1-K3-GM-8620-01 from the Institute of General Medical Sciences (to P.R.B.). (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 67-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The pancreas of the bat Eptesicus fuscus was investigated with respect to the normal ultrastructure of the islet cells, and structural alterations induced by alloxan. The ultrastructure of normal active and hibernating bat islet cells was similar. Through serial sections, B granules were shown to be disc-shaped, and some B granules were observed to consist of up to three component plates. Vesicular configurations found in both A and B cells suggest that the Golgi complex is essential to granule formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660106
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  • 217
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    Enzyme histochemistry of embryonic nasal mucosaPresented at the 135th Meeting, AAAS, Dallas, December 27, 1968 in a Symposium on Mucous Membranes and Their Secretions. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 87-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The prenatal development of rodent nasal mucous membrane has been examined histochemically (lactate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, PAS and PAS with diastase digestion). Localization and intensity of the enzyme systems studied were distinctly different in respiratory and olfactory areas. These differences were demonstrable by at least the second half of gestation in the animals studied. Findings in Jacobson's organs were parallel to those in olfactory areas. Each of the pathways of carbohydrate metabolism examined was present in respiratory epithelium. However, intensity was less, appeared later and was more variable in intracellular localization than that found in olfactory areas. Based on enzyme staining olfactory epithelium seemed metabolically more active than respiratory mucosa. Apical portions of olfactory epithelium stained most intensely for oxidative enzyme systems, particularly the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase system. These areas of high activity were thought to represent apices of supporting cells rather than receptor cells. This localization of a pentose phosphate shunt enzyme system was related speculatively to ion transport in these cells. Alkaline phosphatase was relatively slight in respiratory areas during the ages studied. The basal portions of olfactory epithelium stained positively for alkaline phosphatase. Since hydrolytic enzymes have been thought to be important in the mechanism of olfaction, its demonstration in these tissues suggests that this portion of the olfactory mechanism is present by midgestation in the rodents studied.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660107
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  • 218
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    Masthead (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660201
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  • 219
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    Leucocytic infiltration into the hypoglossal nucleus following injury to the hypoglossal nerveThis investigation was supported by PHS Research Grant No. FR 05427 and by the McLaughlin Faculty Fund for Preliminary Research. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 99-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Tritiated thymidine was injected into adult female A/J mice at 24, 20, and 16 hours before transection of the left hypoglossal nerve. These animals and uninjured controls that received the same sequence of tritiated thymidine injections were sacrificed by perfusion fixation at either 4, 8, 16 or 35 days after the time of the injury. At all time intervals after injury there were several times more labeled cells in the nucleus of the injured nerve than were found in the right hypoglossal nucleus of the same animals. However, the right hypoglossal nucleus of the injured animals had significantly more labeled cells than were found in the hypoglossal nuclei of the uninjured control animals. Labeled mitotic figures were present in the nucleus of the injured nerve on the fourth day after injury. Since no tritiated thymidine should have been available at the time of injury or afterward to label cells that proliferated in response to the injury, the difference in the number of labeled cells between the injured animals and the controls is attributed to an infiltration of labeled mononuclear leucocytes.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660108
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  • 220
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    Extracellular space in frozen and ethanol substituted central nervous tissueThis investigation was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (GB 6698) and from the Barber Fund. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 117-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cerebellar and cerebral cortices were frozen under various conditions; within 30 seconds of circulatory arrest, after eight minutes of asphyxiation, after ten minutes of perfusion with glutaraldehyde and after perfusion with this fixative and osmium tetroxide postfixation. Ethanol was used as the solvent in freeze substitution of these tissues. The resulting EMs closely resembled those of similar material freeze substituted in acetone. There were no differences in extracellular space even though differences have been reported between the space in EMs of conventionally fixed material dehydrated with ethanol or acetone.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660109
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  • 221
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    The fate of fragments of liver implanted in ectopic sitesSupported with funds from the Atomic Energy Commission Contract No. AT(30-1) 3808. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 143-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Implanted fragments of liver in ectopic sites do not survive. The failure of survival is associated with lack of vascularization. This results in necrosis of coagulative type which later is replaced by connective tissue. An invasion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes can enhance the rate of this process. Regenerative stimuli such as partial hepatectomy do not change this sequence of events. The lack of vascularization of implants may be due to failure of eliciting an invasive vascular phenomenon which is seen in the implanted fragments of those tissues that survive in ectopic sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660203
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  • 222
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    Gross anatomy of the blood supply and biliary drainage of the canine liverSupported in part by NIH grant 1-R01-AMI2553-01. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 153-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Necropsy examinations were performed on 100 dogs to study the biliary system, blood supply, and topographic anatomy of the liver. The major ligamentous attachments of the relatively mobile organ are the left triangular and hepatoduodenal ligaments. Considerable fixation is provided by the hepatic veins and the intimate attachment of the liver to the inferior vena cava.The six lobes of the liver are arranged in three natural divisions. The portal vein, its branches, and their distribution are consistent as are major hepatic veins. The hepatic artery branches and major bile ducts have patterns which may be readily related to the divisional boundaries. The branches of the hepatic artery vary in number from one to five. Three branches were present in 64 of 100 specimens. A single gallbladder and cystic duct were found in each of 100 specimens. The common bile duct is formed from three (64%) or four (36%) major collecting or divisional ducts. When four divisional ducts are present, the right and left divisions of the liver are each drained by a single duct with two ducts draining the central division. The cystic duct may join either the right or left central divisional duct to form the common bile duct.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660204
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    Ultrastructure of cortical synapses after failure of presynaptic activity in ischemiaSupported in part by U.S.P.H.S. research grants NB-05429-03 and NB-08154-01 from the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke.,Presented at the American Association of Anatomists, 81st Annual Meeting, April 9-12, 1968, New Orleans. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 131-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of cerebral cortical synapses was investigated during failure of synaptic transmission produced by ischemia. Presynaptic and postsynaptic potentials evoked in the anterior sigmoid gyrus of the cat by stimulation of the nucleus ventralis lateralis and the DC potential between cortical layer IV and the white matter were recorded with micropipettes during cerebral ischemia produced by arterial hemorrhage in paralyzed, artificially ventilated animals. After failure of the spontaneous electrocorticogram and postsynaptic responses, the presynaptic volley failed with development of depolarization of intracortical fiber terminals and loss of axon terminal excitability. The gyrus was then biopsied and fixed in collidine-buffered OsO4. An altered pattern of distribution of synaptic vesicles was observed after presynaptic afferent fiber terminal activity was abolished by 3.5 to 4.0 minutes of cerebral ischemia. Clumping of vesicles in a region away from the cynaptic cleft was seen in about 10% of synaptic endings, and there was more than a two-fold increase in the number of presynaptic profiles devoid of vesicles in ischemic cortex.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660202
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    Observations on the histochemical and chemical distribution of glycogen in the chick heartSupported by USPHS grant GM-114. Approved for publication as Scientific Journal Series Paper no. 6972, Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, St. Paul. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 161-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The distribution of glycogen in chick hearts was studied during incubation and one week following hatching. Concurrent histochemical and chemical studies revealed a gradual increase in the deposition of glycogen during the first half of incubation. During the latter half of incubation the average content of chemically extractable glycogen remained relatively stable until day 19 when a significant decline (p 〈 0.001) was noted. This decrease was attributed chiefly to the decline in the acid-soluble fraction.Throughout the incubation period significantly greater (p = 0.05) amounts of chemically extractable glycogen were present in the left chambers and interventricular septum than in the right chambers. These differences were not evident in the post-hatched chick.Histochemically, glycogen was demonstrated in the chick hearts throughout the incubation period, but no appreciable amount was detected in the hearts one week after hatching. Chemical analysis of the latter revealed that the glycogen content was below the threshold thought to be necessary for its histochemical demonstration.Parallel decreases noted in both the depth of stain intensity and the acid-soluble fraction serve as further evidence that the acid-soluble fraction is primarily responsible for the histochemical reaction observed with glycogen stains.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660205
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    Observations on the ultrastructure of the ectodermal component during odontogenesis in Helostoma temmincki (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 167-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The role played by the ectodermal component during lower vertebrate tooth development has been a subject of much speculation. In order to provide new information on this matter the cytostructural changes occuring in the ectodermal part of the tooth buds of a small fresh water fish Helostoma temmincki were investigated.The cells of the two epithelial layers which form the ectodermal cap of the tooth bud showed little sign of specialization during the early phase of tooth formation. There was no evidence of the synthesis and secretion of enamel matrix. With the onset of the calcification of the dentin specializations indicating an absorptive activity were observed in the cells of the outer epithelial layer. These changes consisted of an elaborate system of canalicular spaces and coated vesicles. Concurrently the cells of the inner layer accumulated large amounts of iron in the form of ferritin particles. The iron was subsequently deposited over the outer layer of the dentin imparting a reddish-brown coloration to the teeth.The ultrastructural specialization of the ectodermal component during tooth development are suggestive of transport functions similar to those which are thought to occur in post-secretory enamel organs during the maturation of enamel.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660206
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    Histology of the para-anal sebaceous glandular organs of the bat Eonycteris spelaea (Chiroptera: Pteropidae) (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 189-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Para-anal organs of nine specimens of the rare, Southeast Asian bat Eonycteris spelaea were studied in serial sections by light microscopy. Parenchymal tissue of the organs consists of solid cords of cells budded from the naked epidermis without association with hair follicles. Cytological characteristics and cytomorphosis of para-anal gland cells differ markedly from those of typical sebaceous glands in adjacent haired skin, and the phases of growth, differentiation and secretion appear to be segregated in time. Nevertheless, holocrine secretory activity and a sebum-like secretion occur in this highly specialized sebaceous organ. Although found in both sexes, it is larger in adults, in males as compared with females, and in reproductively more active males as compared with males of the same size but with smaller testes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660207
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    Specialized intercellular junctions in tumor cells - An electron microscope study of mouse sarcoma cells (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 199-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Specialized intercellular junctions have been observed in 3-methylcholanthrene-induced mouse sarcomas. These junctions are of two morphologic types and appear to be focal in nature. The first type consists of an approximation of the plasma membranes of adjacent cells to within 200 Å of one another. In the junctional region the intercellular space and the adjacent cytoplasm are of increased density. The second type of junction is more complex, the intercellular space being of greater width and containing a dense central plaque. The intercellular space and the adjacent cytoplasm are of increased density. Such junctions may serve a role in structural support of the tumor mass.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660208
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    The presacral component of the visceral pelvic fascia and its relation to the pelvic splanchnic innervation of the bladder (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 207-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The relation of the autonomic nerve supply of the pelvis to the visceral pelvic fascia and in particular that of the parasympathetic supply to the bladder musculature is of particular consequence in pelvic operations. It is observed that the pelvic splanchnics, including those branches supplying the bladder, are embedded in the peripheral component of the visceral pelvic fascia or presacral fascia throughout a considerable part of their course. Early anatomists made no distinction between the presacral fascia and the fascial sheath of the rectum proper. Consequently their illustrations shown only a single fascial layer which they call the “rectal fascia” or “posterior fibrous sheath of the rectum” separating the middle sacral vessels from the superior rectal vessels which lie in the pararectal fat. While such a distinction has since been made in the surgical literature, most anatomical descriptions are still rather vague in this respect. It is essential to develop the plane of cleavage between the presacral fascia and the fascial sheath of the rectum if injury to the pelvic splanchnic nerves is to be avoided.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660209
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    A comparative study of sebaceous gland ultrastructure in subhuman primates.Publication No. 404 from the Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, supported in part by grant No. FR00163 of the National Institutes of Health and by funds from Grant AM 08445. Also supported in part by funds from the Revlon Research Center, Inc., New York. I. Galago crassicaudatus, G. senegalensis and G. demidovii (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 213-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The differentiating sebaceous cells in three species of galagos have different structural configurations of cytoplasmic membranes. The type unique to G. senegalensis consists of groups of six tubules, which intersect at common centers. The tubules of this configuration probably represent a specialized form of agranular endoplasmic reticulum. A second specialized form of agranular endoplasmic reticulum is found in all three species of galagos; this configuration consists of grids of intersecting tubules that are ∼400 Å in diameter. Individual tubules of agranular endoplasmic reticulum are also abundant in the cells.Another disposition of cytopalsmic membranes, found only in G. crassicaudatus, is significantly different from the others. In this structure, membranes intersect in three planes to form hexagrams. All of these configurations are closely associated with single, dispersed profiles of predominantly agranular endoplasmic reticulum and sebum vesicles.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660210
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    The histology and rate of tooth eruption with and without temporary impaction in the dogSupported by USPHS grant 1 SO 1 FR 5417-04-5. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 225-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Eruption was studied by experimentally impacting and releasing permanent premolars in puppies. Eruption rates of both normal and experimentally delayed teeth were calculated from weekly radiographs. The rate of normal eruption is triphasic and similar to a normal growth curve. It has an initial slow exponential rate which changes to a more rapid exponential rate followed in turn by a terminal plateau. All of the teeth released from impaction erupted and their rates exceeded or equaled the normal rate.The morphology of the bony trabeculae beneath the erupting teeth and the relative amount of soft tissue between the bone and teeth are expressions of the eruptive rate. The trabeculae around rapidly erupting teeth are thinner, more delicate and more widely separated from one another than those of slowly erupting teeth. Trabecular orientation aligns with the direction of eruption, showing not only its vertical component, but also whether the tooth moved mesially or distally during eruption.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660211
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    Effect of fibrillar structure of pericanalicular and intercanalicular bone on X-ray absorptionThis work supported in part by grant A-2641 from the National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public Health Service. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 239-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The apparent hypermineralization which is often seen adjacent to canaliculi (∼ 2000 Å) and dentinal tubules in microradiographs may be the result of a reversal in orientation of microcanaliculi (∼ 500 Å) and adjacent mineralized fibrils at these sites. Microcanaliculi and adjacent mineralized fibrils, as seen by electron microscopic surface replication, extended at right angles from canaliculi for a distance of about 1-2 μ. In contrast, beyond this zone microcanaliculi were also observed but were oriented at right angles to the microcanalculi that were closer to the canaliculi. Although the significance of the difference in orientation of microcanaliculi in pericanalicular as compared with intercanalicular regions is not known, we demonstrated that when a porous material is x-rayed parallel to and then at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the porous phase an apparent difference in density is observed. These findings suggest that the apparent hypermineralization of bone adjacent to canaliculi described in former investigations utilizing microradiography may be the result of a difference in orientation of microcanaliculi and adjacent mineralized fibrils rather than a true variation in mineral density.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660212
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    American Association of Anatomists. Eighty-third annual session. Northwestern University, Chicago, March 31, April 1, 2, 3, 1970. Officers, asbtracts, demonstrations (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 263-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660215
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    Tissue fluid movement in compact boneThis investigation was conducted at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado and was supported by USPHS grant DE 02308-03 and Research Career Award 1-K3 - DE 18-557-01 from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 247-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Thorotrast (colloidal thorium dioxide) was released into tibial marrow cavities of 12 adult cats and into the tibial nutrient arteries of ten adult cats. Following regular intervals the tibiae were removed, fixed, decalcified in formic acid, and prepared histologically.The label indicated the general tissue fluid drainage of the tibia is in the perivascular connective tissue of Volkmann's canals from the marrow cavity to the periosteal lymphatic vessels.The tissue fluid flow appears to pass from the Haversian vessel through the canalicular-lacunar complex to the peripheral lacunae of the osteone. Its path from this point has not been observed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660213
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    American Association of Anatomists. Constitution (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 415-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660216
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    Profile analysis of the oviductal wall in rabbits and cattleThis investigation was supported in part by United States Public Health Service Research grant HD 00585 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and Banta Research Fund. Scientific Paper 3299. College of Agriculture, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington. Projects 1695 and 1698. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 469-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Twelve nulliparous New Zealand White female rabbits, and eight nulliparous Hereford heifers were used for profile analysis of the oviductal layers after in vivo and in vitro fixation of the oviducts. The unstraightened oviducts were cut into eight segments of about 1 cm starting from the uterotubal junction. Using a projection microscope, the areas of the lumen, mucosa + submucosa, and musculature of cross sections from each segment were measured planimetrically. The lumen of segments 5 and 6 (from the fimbriae) had the smallest surface area at all reproductive stages in both species. At about 72 and 168 hours after ovulation, the surface area of the lumen at these two segments increased by two-fold compared to the estrous stage. The ampullary-isthmic junction (AIJ) is probably located at 6/10 to 7/10 of the oviductal length (segment 5 or 6) in both species. The widening of the lumen at the AIJ, 60-70 hours post ovulation, is sufficient to allow the trapped eggs to pass rapidly to the uterus. The whole isthmus and particularly the AIJ seems to function as a sphincter, the closure of which may be coordinated by neuro-endocrine mechanisms.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660305
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    The effect of aging on damage induced hair growth in C57BL/6J female mice (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970), S. 371-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Previously it has been shown that wounds made on the backs of female C57BL/6J mice result in the stimulation of growth of resting hair follicles surrounding the wound. Since aging is known to affect regenerative processes, the question arises if aging affects the stimulation of hair growth in wound healing.Surgical wounds 5mm in length were made on the backs of female C57BL/6J mice between 367-544 days of age. Mice were examined daily for the stimulation of hair growth around the wound, as well as the amount of hair growth stimulation.Damage results in the stimulation of growth of the resting hair follicles surrounding the wound. Hair growth stimulation is first grossly evident 20 days after wounding. This is not significantly different from the time hair growth stimulation appears in young female mice.Aging results, however, in a significant decrease in the amount of hair growth stimulation surrounding the wounds in female mice.
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    The carotid body of the weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddelli)This paper was supported by a grant 491 g of the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Téchnicas de la República Argentina; Mactur 1 B of the inisterio de Bienestar Social de la Provincia de Buenos Aires and Boehringer C. H. Sohn Laboratories. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970), S. 309-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Light and electron microscopy of the carotid body of the Weddell seal shows two types of cells, the main and the sustentacular cells.The main cells contain dense osmiophilic granules in variable amount. Their cytoplasma shows either a high or a low electron density. On this basis light and dark main cells were distinguished.The differences in cytoplasm electron density and the great variability in the number of granules were interpreted as expressions of different stages in a process of secretory nature.A very rich innervation with outstanding nerve endings was observed in the carotid body of the Weddell seal. This picture is similar to that observed in stimulated carotid bodies. The carotid body of the Weddell seal a marine mammal that stays underwater for a long stretch of time, may be considered as subjected to frequent stimulations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091670306
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    Extracellular specializations associated with hemidesmosomes in the fetal rat urogenital sinusThis study was supported by contract 69-2104 with the National Institutes of Health, Program Project HD-02282 of the National Institutes of Health, Health Sciences Advancement Award FR-02084 from the National Institutes of Health, and a Research Career Development Award (1-K3-GM-28, 214-01) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 195-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Specializations of extracellular structures opposite hemidesmosomes at the basal surface of epithelial cells of the fetal rat urogenital sinus are described. A moderately dense band or lamella ∼ 100 Å wide forms a cap about 50 Å from the plasma membrane. The normally electron-lucent inner zone between the plasma membrane and the basal lamina is increased in density and may be traversed by filaments or strands of material extending from the cell surface. The basal lamina is thickened and its density is increased locally opposite hemidesmosomes. The possible role of these specializations in adhesion between epithelial cells and the underlying extra-cellular structures is considered.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091680206
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    Phenobarbital-induced proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum after administration of triparanol (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 221-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effect of triparanol, an inhibitor of cholesterol synthesis, on the phenobarbital induced proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is reported. Hepatocytes of hamsters treated with phenobarbital alone display the expected proliferation of the SER. Those given triparanol alone do not show this phenomenon but appear similar to controls with the exception of increased numbers of dense bodies characteristic of this treatment. Hepatocytes of hamsters receiving triparanol followed by phenobarbital display a SER proliferation of approximately the same magnitude as that achieved with phenobarbital alone. The effectiveness of the triparanol blockade is documented by the administration of labeled mevalonic acid and the subsequent quantitation of the amount of labeled cholesterol and labeled desmosterol. Desmosterol is the primary end product after triparanol treatment. Greater than 95% of the labeled sterol appears as desmosterol indicating a high degree of blockade. It is concluded that newly-synthesized cholesterol is not a prerequisite for the phenobarbital induced proliferation of the SER. Several possible explanations for these results are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091680208
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    Changes in neurochemistry and neuronal morphology after exposure of the mouse brain to lethal levels of focal irradiationSupported by Public Health grants NB-03853 and NB-03021 from the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke. Part of this work was performed at the Brookhaven National Laboratory under the auspices of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 203-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The brains of normal and irradiated C57BL/J6 adult female mice were studied for morphologic and biochemical differences at four and six hours after focal brain irradiation when the animals first experienced seizures and, at the terminal phase just prior to death. Focal irradiation of the brain was performed under stereotaxic conditions with microbeams delivered through a 5.0 × 9.0 mm aperture to the dorsal surface of the brain at an adsorbed surface dose of 50,000 rad.An analysis of variance did not indicate any difference in brain weight or in DNA, RNA, or protein concentration due to irradiation. There was a significant increase in 5-HT and NE concentration, and in AChE activity in the brains of the irradiated groups. Histochemical observations failed to show differences in the localization of alkaline and acid phosphatase activity. However, localization of ATPase activity associated with the blood vessels was more diffuse in the irradiated regions of the brain. Biochemical comparisons of ATPase activity indicated that there was a change in the subcellular distribution of ATPase enzyme following irradiation. Light and electron microscopic comparisons revealed a selective damage to astrocytes and dendritic processes in irradiated regions of the cortex.
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    The relationship of cartilage canals to the initial osteogenesis of secondary centers of ossification (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 381-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Initial osteogenesis of secondary centers of ossification in the humeral head of the dog was studied with serial sections, histochemistry, radiography and vascular injections. At birth this chondroepiphysis was found to be well vascularized by a network of cartilage canals. On the second day after birth the first morphological evidence of the secondary center of ossification was seen. This was in the form of multiple foci of calcification. Each focus of calcification occurred immediately adjacent to the glomerular end of a cartilage canal and not in an avascular matrix. The capillaries of the glomerulus were modified in the process and persisted as the blood supply to the secondary center of ossification. By four days of age the individual foci had coalesced into a single larger focus of calcification. This process of ossification was found to possess morphological similarities to that occurring at the metaphyseal side of the epiphyseal plate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Two unique features of the anterior cerebellum in the higher primates, including manThis investigation was supported by U. S. PHS Research Grant NB06525 from the Institute of Neurological Disease and Stroke. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 415-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Two morphological traits of the anterior cerebellar lobe unique to the higher anthropoid primates are described, and a search for their possible origins is made among representatives of the major subdivisions of the Anthropoidea. One trait involves the gradual reduction and migration of lobule II until it ultimately becomes located upon and fused with lobule I. Hence, in the higher anthropoids, the lingula actually consists of lobules I and II combined. This reduction and migration of lobule II from its normal position places lobule III adjacent to the lingula in the location occupied by lobule II among other mammals. The second distinctive feature concerns the inclusion of the anterior cerebellar peduncle on each side into the anterior medullary velum, so that they form a continuous morphological unit, separate and distinct from the remaining components on the ventral surface. This modification is found only in the members of the Hominoidea. In addition, several observations upon certain ontogenetic changes in lobular structure are reported.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091680307
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    Histochemistry of the aldosterone-stimulated urinary bladder of the toad, Bufo marinusThis work was supported by grants TICA-5055 from the National Cancer Institute and AM-03688 from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, United States Public Health Service.The authors are indebted to Dr. Arthur L. Finn for physiological assay of aldosterone and Dr. Russell J. Barrnett for helpful suggestions in the preparation of the manuscript. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 433-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Histochemical changes were observed in the epithelium of the toad urinary bladder following in vitro and in vivo stimulation by aldosterone to determine the cell types affected by this hormone. A marked pyrinophilia was observed in comparison to control tissue affecting all cell types, as well as slight increases in cytoplasmic PAS staining within the granular cells, under both sets of conditions. An increased number of mitochondria was demonstrated with the PTAH stain within the granular cells under in vivo conditions but not in vitro. Under in vivo conditions, marked increases in the enzymes of the oxidative pathway (DPND, TPND, SDH, and cytochrome oxidase) were observed in granular cells. Enzymes of the oxidative pathway were unchanged under in vitro conditions was more intensely localized to the cell membrane and cytoplasm of all cells. Granular cells from in vitro studied tissue were slightly more reactive for G6PD and 6PGD than control tissue; granular cells were even more heavily reactive for these enzymes under in vivo conditions. Thus, under prolonged aldosterone stimulation, the granular cell approached the histochemical profile of the mitochondria-rich cell. The hormone may therefore act upon the granular cell, which comprises the largest number of cells within the epithelium, as well as the mitochondria-rich cell.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    The non-fibrous nature of the von Korff fibres in developing dentine. A light and electron microscope studyThis investigation was supported by the Medical Research Council of Canada, grant MA 3693. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 491-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: First molar tooth germs were dissected from one- and seven-day-old mice, fixed in gluteraldehyde and impregnated in bulk using silver nitrate for the demonstration of reticulin. After impregnation the tooth germs were embdded in Epon, and thin sections cut for examination with both the light and electron microscope. Control tooth germs were prepared similarly, but were not impregnated with silver. Light microscopic examination showed the classical picture of von Korff fibres. These were associated with the formation of mantle dentine. von Korff fibres were not found associated with forming circumpulpal dentine. Examination of successive sections with the electron microscope showed silver particles between the widely separated, newly differentiated, odontoblasts. In forming circumpulpal dentine, the odontoblasts were closely aligned and no silver particles were found in the now narrowed extracellular spaces. Examination of control sections revealed that the extracellular compartment between the newly differentiated odontoblasts consisted of ground substance and a few sparse collagen fibrils which were too small to be resolved with the light microscope. It is considered that the “von Korff fibres” seen with the light microscope represent silver impregnation of the extracellular material, which is mainly ground substance, in the continuum between the widely separated odontoblasts.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091680404
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    Morphogenetic studies of the rabbit. XL. Growth gradient interaction and function in morphology (1970)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 130 (1970), S. 397-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In continuing study of gene and genome interaction as a possible etiological mechanism in normal and abnormal growth and malformation, the ventral spinous processes (VSPs, crural insertions of the diaphragm) were used as additional epigenetic variants to portray differences in the basic gradient growth pattern. Over 700 comparisons of mean differences in number (range or magnitude) and peak (position) of the VSP gradient, in the same populations of strains III, DA, and IIIDa (into which the Da gene had been introduced from strain DA), provided populations of +/+, Da/+ and Da/Da on two different genome backgrounds. They reveal the individual effects on the VSPs of underlying growth processes associated with the Da gene dosage, vertebral border shifts and stillbirths. Both Da and stillbirths demonstrate growth influences which interact additively to reduce the range and shift the peak anteriorly in opposition to those of the border shifts. The growth effects induced by border shifts are in some cases significantly so much greater as to seemingly inhibit or even reverse either the specific gene Da or stillbirth effects. The way that interaction of such growth influences can enhance, suppress or cancel each other and the relation to specific growth gradients and functions is of particular importance to understanding the etiology and growth mechanisms of spontaneous and unexpected exogenously or endogenously induced malformations in non-isogenic stocks.
    Additional Material: 11 Tab.
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    The fine structure of the larval firefly light organ (1970)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 131 (1970), S. 103-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Light organs of larval photurid fireflies, which emit their light in a steady glow, differ from those of adults, which have a precisely controlled flash pattern, in having no specialized tracheal end organs and no morphologically distinct cortical region of the photocytes. However, like the adult organs, larval lanterns are abundantly supplied with both tracheoles and nerve fibers. Each of the two abdominal light organs of the larva consists of a dorsal (“reflector”) layer and a conical ventral photogenic layer. The dorsal layer is a single layer of columnar cells containing “urate” granules, mitochondria and a rich supply of glycogen. The photogenic layer is a compact mass of photocytes, containing photocyte granules similar to those of the adult organ, many elongated mitochondria, and a vesiculated reticulum. Numerous tracheoles run between the interlocking membranes of the photocytes. A large nerve traverses the dorsal layer and enters the photogenic layer, where its fibers diverge between the photocytes. Many structures having the appearance of neurosecretory nerve endings are found among the folds of the photocyte membranes. However, no tight junctions (synapses?) were found.
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    Observations on the pineal system in the hamster. II. Fine structure of the deep pinealSupported by USPHS grants, AM-12939, HD-02937, and NSF, GB-8439. (1970)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 131 (1970), S. 163-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of the deep pineal, a mass of pineal parenchyma positioned in the roof of and caudal to the pineal recess is described. The fine structure of deep pineal is similar to earlier descriptions of superficial pineal.The parenchymal cell displays abundant mitochondria, many of which contain a tubular internal structure, a prominent Golgi apparatus, and smooth and granular endoplasmic reticulum.The parenchymal cells are extensively branched and terminate in club-like endings. Pineal cell process terminations contain a profusion of vesicles of varying size, many of which contain an electron-dense granule. The granules are presumed to be associated with the secretory product of the parenchymal cell.The deep, unlike the superficial, pineal contains a relatively high concentration of glial cells and processes, some of which contain mitochondria with a unique internal structure.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051310204
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    Fine structure of developing hagfish erythrocytes with particular reference to the cytoplasmic organellesSupported in part by USPHS grant NB 06594.The technical assistance of Mrs. Mamie Severen is gratefully acknowledged.Dr. William Hildemann provided the animal and taxonomic advice. (1970)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 131 (1970), S. 211-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Cytological changes accompanying the maturation of erythrocytes in the “Pacific hagfish” (Eptatretus stoutii) were studied. Great numbers of immature and mitotically dividing red blood cells in the peripheral circulation of the hagfish appear to indicate that extensive differentiation and proliferation occurs in the blood stream of this animal. The immature erythrocytes contained mitochondria, Golgi membranes, centrioles, microtubules and a high density of ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Intermediate stages revealed lysosomes in the cytoplasm. With progressive differentiation the hagfish erythrocytes accumulate hemoglobin and lose most of their cytoplasmic organelles. The various cytoplasmic organelles are apparently lost through a degradation process brought about by lysosomal autolysis. The undigested products of degradation such as mitochondrial and other intercellular membranes are apparently extruded by way of the plasma membrane. The plasma membrane of young as well as mature erythrocytes display evidence of intense pinocytotic activity. The nucleolus undergoes a reduction in size with progressive maturation. The cytoplasm of mature erythrocytes consists predominantly of hemoglobin. An equatorial microtubular marginal band is identifiable in differentiating erythrocytes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051310207
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    Effects of juvenile hormone and molting hormone on rectal pad development in Hyalophora cecropia (L.)Supported by grant AM-02818 from the National Institutes of Health. (1970)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 131 (1970), S. 301-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The histology of the rectal pads was examined in H. cecropia that had been injected as pupae with juvenile hormone or molting hormone. The appearance of the rectal tissues was related to the degree of imaginal differentiation which in turn depended on the dose of juvenile hormone applied. Juvenile hormone inhibits the division of the small hindgut cells that normally form the general rectal wall of the adult. High doses totally suppress the differentiation of the cortical cells. The medullary cells are very sensitive to juvenile hormone even in animals in which the external morphology is only slightly affected. Relatively high doses of molting hormone result in the formation of large, elongate complexes of cortex cells. These are more typical of primitive insects than of Lepidoptera.
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    Genesis of the reproductive system of mosquitoes II. Male of Aedes stimulans (walker)Supported by a grant (GM-12612) from the National Institutes of Health followed by another (CC-00335) awarded by the Communicable Disease Center of the U.S. Public Health Service. (1970)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 131 (1970), S. 329-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The imaginal male of mosquitoes bears a combination of organs and appendages that make it morphologically distinctive. Its reproductive organs produce sperm cells, convey and extrude them, provide accessory fluids, and insure copulation and insemination. In Aedes stimulans (Walker) these organs are derived from one of the two sets of primordia provided by the embryo. The second set of primordia is capable of producing the feminine reproductive system under unusual circumstances.Testes are derived from two compact ovoid masses of cells suspended in the hemocoel of abdominal segment 6. Each enlarges slowly throughout larval instars 1-3 and elongates very rapidly late in instar 4. Specialization of the cellular mass into sperm cells proceeds forward from the caudal end early in pupal life. From the beginning, a sheath of nutritive cells or fatbody encases each gonad, and no tracheation of the mass is evident although one small trachea sends branches to the encasing fatbody late in larval life.The efferent canal from each testis is derived from a tenuous filament extending caudally from each gonad to the venter of segment 9 and a small cluster of cells in the wall of the hemocoel on the ental surface of imaginal disc 9. Early in pupal life the filaments become the tubular vasa efferentia. The caudal clusters are primordial terminal parts of the lateral tract that become vasa deferentia, seminal vesicles and associated accessory glands. The ejaculatory canal comes from a short pouch derived from the median genital plate of disc 9.All external parts except the paraprocts are products of disc 9. The bilateral buds begin to proliferate in larval instar 4 and become the basistyles, dististyles and claspettes of the gonapophyses during pupal life. The phallosome is derived from the median genital plate.Primordia of a possible feminine reproductive system and cerci remain undifferentiated and disappear early in pupal life in the normal course of events. Primordia that were recognizable include those of ovaries, parts of lateral oviducts, median genital tract and cerci.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    Fine structure of spermatogonia and intercellular bridges in Macaca nemestrina (1970)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 131 (1970), S. 431-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Spermatogonia of the monkey, Macaca nemestrina, were studied with the electron microscope. The spermatogonial nucleus is characterized by dense homogeneous chromatin and an eccentric nucleolus with a prominent surrounding clear zone. Cytoplasm consists chiefly of free ribosomes and vesicular endoplasmic reticulum. Scattered mitochondria with closely spaced transverse cristae are arranged singly and in pairs separated by thin electron-dense bands. Binucleated spermatogonia resemble other spermatogonia in their ultrastructural characteristics, but contain an increased number of lysosome-like structures and degenerating mitochondria.Spermatogonial interconnections are of two types: broad cytoplasmic connections and narrow intercellular bridges. Connected cells are always identical in appearance and stage of maturation. Multiple connections occur. Interconnection of spermatogonia provides a syncytial type of arrangement which allows synchronization of differentiation and results in similar apperance of adjoining cells. Similarity of regressive changes in adjacent degenerating cells is explained by the presence of intercellular bridges.
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    The biology of cartilage. II. Invertebrate cartilages: Squid head cartilage (1970)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 131 (1970), S. 417-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In both light and electron microscopes, head cartilage from the squid Loligo pealii strongly resembles vertebrate hyaline cartilage. The tissue is characterized by the presence of irregularly-shaped cells suspended in an abundant matrix. Cell and matrix contents stain metachromatically with cationic dyes such as toluidin blue. Each cell gives off extensions which ramify via a network of channels throughout the matrix. Thereby, a system of inter-connecting canaliculi is established, with many similarities to the intercanalicular systems seen in vertebrate bone and cartilage tissues. In the electron microscope, the squid cartilage cells are seen to have very abundant endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex material. Mitochondrial transformations involving loss of cristae, the appearance of filaments in the mitochondrial matrix, and figures suggesting budding, also occur. Nuclear pores are numerous and easily detected. The matrix is characterized by the presence of a system of decussating fibrils which form polygonal figures, with granules usually evident at the points of intersection of fibrils. By chemical analysis the tissue contains 3- and 4-hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine. Preliminary wide single x-ray diffractions show a pattern characteristic for unoriented collagens, with 12 Å (intermolecular) and 2.86 Å (helix) reflections.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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    Oögenesis of the freshwater turbellarian Hydrolimax grisea (Platyhelminthes; Plagiostomidae) with special reference to the history of the supernumerary asters and central bodiesResearch accomplished in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy from the Department of Zoology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill under the direction of Dr. Donald P. Costello and Dr. Catherine Henley. (1970)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 132 (1970), S. 27-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The oöcyte of H. grisea is surrounded early in its growth by the accessory cell. A yolk halo, secreted by accessory parenchymal cells, subsequently envelops the oöcyte and its accessory cell. Of particular interest are the supernumerary asters, and their central bodies, which surround the oöcyte nucleus. The asters are exceptional because they appear in unfertilized oöcytes with (apparently) intact germinal vesicle membranes. Coincident with sperm penetration the supernumerary asters grow. Their rays elongate and thicken. The nuclear membrane disappears. The supernumerary asters aggregate and disappear prior to the maturation (meiotic) divisions. The maturation asters from with distinct centrioles and centropheres while the egg is still within the parenchyma of the worm. Their formation is independent of sperm penetration. The polar bodies are given off within the cocoon.
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    Chick lens differentiation in vitroSupported by AEC contract AT (30-1)-3825. (1970)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 132 (1970), S. 109-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: If that portion of a chick embryo destined to form the eye, the lens, part of the brain and the surrounding head region be removed from the chick before the lens has begun to develop, and placed in a liquid culture medium for four days, a structure resembling the lens will form in appropriate proximity to the presumptive retina, and the cells of the lens will synthesize proteins unique to and characteristic of the lens. The time course of morphological development of such explants is here described.In vitro the lens placode dose not invaginate to form a lens vesicle, as it does in ovo. Instead placode cells elongate directly to form fibre cells. The shape of the lens formed in this aberrant manner is remarkably similar to that of normal lens.At least one, and probably all three, of the characteristic crystallins of the lens form in these aberrant lenses, the cytological and biochemical differentiation of which proceeds normally, despite failure of the normal morphogenetic activities of the organ.
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    Studies on the fine structure of spermatids and spermatozoa of the crab, Pinnixia sp.Supported by U.S.P.H.S. grant NB-06285.The author wishes to express his grateful appreciation for the excellent technical assistance given by Mrs. Lou Boykins during the course of this investigation. (1970)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 132 (1970), S. 89-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Early spermatids of the carb, Pinnixia sp., are characterized by a large nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. During early spermiogenesis an organelle, composed of pentalaminar membranes derived from the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear membranes, is formed. Portions of this organelle become incorporated within a cylinder-shaped invagination of the acrosome. Portions of the nuclear membrane disappear beneath the acrosome resulting in intermingling of nucleoplasm, centrioles and mitochondria. The nuclear membrane elsewhere is found as a pentalaminar membrane underlying the plasma membrane. Centrioles are found in mature spermatozoa at the base of the cylinder-shaped acrosomal invagination, and mitochondria are found intermingled with nuclear remanants surrounding the acrosome. This datum is compared to previously described events in spermiogenesis of other decapod crustacea and arthropods exhibiting similar modes of spermiogenesis. It is concluded that the differences and/or similarities exhibited by centrioles and mitochondria in these forms could be significant in terms of subsequent zygote differentiation.
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    An ultrastructural study of the submandibular glands of the squirrel monkey, Saimiri sciureus (1970)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 132 (1970), S. 117-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) the position of submandibular glands in the neck, on either side of the trachea, more closely resembles that of rodents than that of other primates. The glands exhibit seromucous acini and mucous tubules with seromucous demilunes. Electron microscopy shows basal cytoplasmic folds and well-developed intercellular tissue spaces and canaliculi only in relation to seromucous cells. Greatly dilated cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum and prominent Golgi membranes are characteristic of the mucous cells. The secretory granules of seromucous and mucous cells are morphologically distinct and indicate chemically different products for the two cell types. Histochemically, the seromucous cell shows the presence of acid mucosubstance as indicated by the PAS and Alcian blue techniques. Preliminary studies showed no appreciable quantity of amylase in submandibular glands. The intercalated duct cell is juxtaposed with the acinar cell or mucous tubule cell. Short luminal microvilli, prominent Golgi complexes and scant apical granules are notable features of intercalated duct cells. Four cell types compose the striated ducts, viz., granular light cells, agranular dark cells, vesiculated dark cells, and basal cells. Peripheral nerves are found in five different locations: in the connective tissue (interstitial), between adjacent myoepithelial and mucous-secreting cells, in the intercellular space between adjacent secretory cells, and between basal plications of striated ducts and between adjacent myoepithelial and intercalated duct cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051320202
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    The finestructure of nerve branches and neuromuscular junctions in the coxal adductor of the cockroach, Gromphadorhina portentosa (1970)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 132 (1970), S. 225-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The neuromuscular junctions of a fast coxal adductor of Gromphadorhina portentosa show great variability in both axon terminal diameter and extent of post-junctional sarcoplasmic specializaton. Finestructural equivalents of both cone and brush type nerve endings are present. The large motor axons innervating this muscle are surrounded by a pervasive lemnoblast sheath, leaving the axon surface exposed only in the area of synaptic contact. Connective tissue covers the nerve and fills the spaces between sheath cell processes in the nerve trunk, but is lost after it enters the muscle. The role of sheath cells in nerve function is discussed in the light of these findings.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051320208
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    The effects of essential fatty acid deficiency on the fine structure of mouse skinThis investigation was supported by U.S.P.H.S. grant AM11908 from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases. (1970)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 132 (1970), S. 181-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Mice raised from weaning on a diet free of essential fatty acids (EFA) develop a greatly thickened epidermis and stratum corneum with a concomitant increase in transepidermal water loss. The hyperplastic epidermis of EFA deficient mice is characterized by widely separated columnar cells in the stratum basale, an abundance of keratinosomes at the periphery of the cells in the stratum spinosum, and an unusually well-developed stratum granulosum in which many keratinosomes are fused with the plasma membranes. Many vacuoles, lacking a membrane, are observed in the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum; these presumably correspond to histochemically demonstrable droplets of phospholipid. The horny cells in the stratum corneum of deficient mice also contain many membrane bound vesicles many of which can be identified as mitochondria. The most striking change in the horny cells, however, is the wide separation of epidermal filaments which may allow free diffusion of bulk water through the stratum corneum. The low rate of transepidermal water loss in normal skin may result in part from the ability of the stratum corneum to bind water in the small intersticies between the keratin filaments. The EFA, i.e., arachidonic acid, may serve to bind phospholipids to the structural protein of filaments and membranes thus binding water at these protein-lipid interfaces.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051320206
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    Seasonal ovarian histology of the ovoviviparous iguanid lizard Sceloporus jarrovi copePart of a dissertation submitted to the University of Arizona Graduate School in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree in Zoology. (1970)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 132 (1970), S. 265-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Histological analyses of monthly collections of Sceloporus jarrovi ovaries are presented. The ovaries undergo a cycle in which yolk deposition occurs in September-October and is followed by ovulation in late November. One corpus luteum forms from each ruptured follicle and undergoes progressive cytoplasmic depletion until mid-June parturition, after which time rapid degeneration commences. Follicular atresia is common during the spring and absent during the summer and early fall. Granulosa cells play an active role in follicular atresia luteal cell formation, and may also be involved in yolk deposition.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051320303
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    The fine structure of coelomocytes in the annelid Enchytraeus fragmentosusSupported by NIH grant AM 08632, U.S.P.H.S. The author gratefully acknowledges the advice of Dr. M. A. Williams, Dr. E. L. R. Stokstad and Dr. J. Vena. (1970)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 132 (1970), S. 335-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Two types of coelomocytes, the mucocyte and the phagocyte, occur in Enchytraeus fragmentosus. Other free cells observed within the coelomic cavity include chloragogen cells, peritoneal cells and some anucleate granular cells. Three forms of mucocytes occur and are believed to represent developmental stages. The first stage is one in which the mucous droplets are forming in the Golgi region. The second stage is a mature form, and the third stage is one in which the mucous droplets are being released. The phagocytes generally are quite large, and inclusions vary from recognizable portions of chloragogen cells to extremely small, electron-dense cytosomes. The origin of the coelomocytes could not be determined. Probable functions of coelomocytes are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051320307
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    Tooth development in Latimeria chalumnae (Smith) (1970)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 132 (1970), S. 377-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Tooth development in Latimeria was studied with the use of light microscopy, polarized light microscopy and microradiography.Teeth develop from cells derived directly from the basal layer of the oral epithelium in areas where teeth have been shed or are being resorbed. The teeth are composed of true enamel, orthodentine and pulp tissues. Attachment is accom-plished by bony attachment ankylosing the teeth to the basal bone of dental plates. The histologic picture of Latimeria teeth resembles more closely the teeth of tetrapods than those of most bony fish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051320402
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    Cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro in visceral organs of the adult newt, Triturus cristatus carnifex (1970)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 132 (1970), S. 453-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The mitotic and labelling incidence of intestine, liver, spleen and pancreas cells of Triturus cristatus carnifex adults kept at 15°C, 20°C, 25°C and 30°C were examined. Intestine mitotic and labelling incidences were highest at 25°C and lowest at 30°C. There was no significant difference between 15°C and 20°C. No such relationship could be shown for liver, spleen or pancreas, which had very much lower mitotic and labelling incidences. In culture, intestine mitotic and labelling incidences fell significantly within the first four hours, and maintained these low levels for the next five days. In contrast, liver mitotic and labelling incidences rose for 9-11 days, and then began to fall, while pancreas mitotic and labelling incidences reached peak values at day 5, and were kept in good condition for up to 14 days.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051320406
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    Ultrastructure of human labial salivary glands. III. Myoepithelium and ducts (1970)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 130 (1970), S. 227-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Myoepithelial cells were present between the basal lamina and the acinar secretory cells of human labial salivary glands. In form and disposition, they resembled myoepithelial cells in the major salivary glands. Many of these cells possessed single cilia on their upper surfaces. Such cilia occasionally extended into invaginations of the overlying secretory cell.The intercalated ducts were variable in occurrence. Their epithelium ranged from columnar to squamous, and showed few signs of secretory activity.Few intralobular ducts possessed basal striations. While mitochondria were abundant in non-striated cells, they were randomly disposed in both basal and apical cytoplasm, and the basal plasmalemma showed only occasional infoldings. The paucity of true striated ducts in labial salivary glands may be responsible for the high concentration of sodium and chloride in unstimulated labial gland salivary secretions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051300208
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    Histomorphic changes following chronic adrenocortical activation and inhibition in the pigeon (1970)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 130 (1970), S. 257-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Gravimetric and histologic modifications in the pigeon were studied following chronic therapy with ACTH and metopirone (SU 4885) for a period of 15 days. The organs studied were proventriculus, duodenum, heart, kidney, salivary gland, pancreas, liver, uropygial gland, thymus, spleen, bursa fabricii, testis, ovary, islets of Langerhans, adenohypophysis, thyroid and interrenal and chromaffin tissue of the adrenal gland. Induced states of hyper- and hypoadrenocorticalism elicited pathomorphic changes in endocrine and reproductive systems and some other organs of the pigeon. There were many differences and similarities in the nature of response of some organs following the two experimental conditions. Many of these cellular interactions might have resulted from alteration of interrenal function in the pigeon.
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    Effects of unilateral ovariectomy on ovulation and cycle length in 4- and 5-day cycling rats (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 127 (1970), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cyclic rats were unilaterally ovariectomized on each day of the estrous cycle and the ovulation rate of the remaining ovary was determined at the next expected ovulation by counting tubal ova.Holtzman rats, followed for three successive estrous cycles, were classified as 4- or 5-day cyclic animals. Control (i.e., intact) 4-day animals ovulated (2 ovaries) an average of 9.6 ± 0.6 eggs and 5-day rats ovulated 10.2 ± 0.2 ova. Estrus was designated as day 1 of the cycle. Unilateral ovariectomy on the morning of days 1 to 3 resulted in doubling the number of ovulations (complete compensatory ovulation) by the next estrus in all rats: an average of 10.5 eggs (N = 78 animals). Four-day animals did not compensate when semi-spayed after 8 PM of day 3, whereas, 5-day aniamls continued to double the number of ovulations until 2 AM of day 4.Unilateral ovariectomy of rats with previous 5-day cycles between 8 and 12 AM on day 1 shortened the expected cycle length by one day (60/73 rats). In contrast, only 19.4% of intact 5-day rats, spontaneously shortened their fourth cycle to four days. This effect of unilateral ovariectomy was only apparent in the cycle in which the operation was performed and was preventable by administration of 0.5 to 2.0 mg of progesterone on day 2. This suggests that unilateral ovariectomy on day 1 may have reduced the level of circulating progesterone enough to facilitate the release of LH one day earlier in the estrous cycle.
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    The fine structure of the human corpus luteum of early pregnancy and during the progestational phase of the menstrual cycleThis work was supported by general research funds to the Department of Anatomy, Georgetown University and, in part, by a contract (NIH-69-2218) with the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Department of Health, Education and Welfare. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 127 (1970), S. 37-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of granulosa lutein cells and theca lutein cells of human corpora lutea of early pregnancy and during the progestational phase of the menstrual cycle (i.e., 1 day, 7 days and 9 days after estimated ovulation) is described. Granulosa lutein cells of early pregnancy are distinguished from theca lutein cells in having: (1) a more homogeneous, electron-lucent nuclear matrix, (2) enlarged pleomorphic mitochondria with irregularly-shaped, osmiophilic inclusions, (3) numerous isolated regions of the Golgi complex, (4) abundant whorls of granular and agranular endoplasmic reticulum, (5) a folded-membrane complex, (6) numerous bundles of 50 Å filaments and (7) patches of elongated microvilli bordering intercellular and intracellular canaliculi.Furthermore, granulosa lutein cells of early pregnancy are distinguished from granulosa lutein cells of corpora taken during the progestational stage of the menstrual cycle by the greater abundance of granular and agranular endoplasmic reticulum, the presence of concentric membranous whorls and large spherical mitochondria, increases in membrane-bound granules and a more extensive development of intracellular canaliculi. These differences are related to the high titers of serum gonadotrophin (s) during early gestation.The morphology of human corpora lutea is compared with steroidogenic tissues of other species and is correlated with the capacity of human corpora lutea to synthesize estrogens in addition to progestogens. Based upon morphological evidence, it is suggested that in addition to elaborating steriod hormones, corpora lutea may also secrete a proteinaceous product, perhaps relaxin.This work was presented as a demonstration to the eighty-second annual session of the American Association of Anatomists in April, 1969. An abstract has been published (Anat. Rec., 163: 336, '69).
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    Masthead (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 127 (1970) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001270201
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    Cytology of the pars anterior of the bovine adenohypophysisApproved for publication as Scientific Journals Series Paper 7018. Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station. St. Paul. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 127 (1970), S. 131-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Selected samples from the pars anterior of 2 lactating cows, 2 normal calves, 3 thyroidectomized calves, and 12 heifers at different stages of the estrous cycle or in early pregnancy were examined by electron microscopy. Adjacent thick sections were differentially stained and routinely examined by light microscopy.Two acidophilic cell types were distinguished. One had granules with maximum diameters between 350 and 500 mμ. The other, containing granules with maximum diameters between 550 and 750 mμ, was frequently seen in lactating cows and midcycle or pregnant heifers.Basophilic cell types were not so clearly distinguishable. PAS-positive, Alcian bluenegative basophils were most frequently seen in proestrous heifers, but basophils with Alcian blue, PAS-positive granules were also present, and in some of these the granules were morphologically similar to those of the PAS-positive cell type. Globular bodies, morphologically similar to those reported in amphibia but negative for acid phosphatase, were routinely observed in some of the Alcian blue, PAS-positive basophils.The most significant change in estrous heifers and thyroidectomized calves was the development of large chromophobes with an extensive dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum. It was not possible clearly to relate these chromophobes individual basophilic cell types.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001270203
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    Selective inhibition by chloramphenicol of ACTH-induced reorganization of inner mitochondrial membranes in fetal adrenal cortical cells in tissue culturesSupported in part by research grant GM-06729 from the Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 127 (1970), S. 103-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Tissue cultures of fetal rat adrenals were used to study effects of chloramphenicol on the ACTH-induced synthesis of mitochondrial inner membranes in the cortical cells. Chloramphenicol alone added to the culture medium in concentrations of 0.003, 0.03, 0.3, and 0.6 μ mole/ml/6 days induced no changes in the ultrastructure of cortical cells. Chloramphenicol in concentrations of 0.3 and 0.6 μ mole/ml/6 days given together with 100 mu/ml/6 days of ACTH inhibited completely the ACTH induced changes of mitochondrial inner membranes (formation of 600 Å vesicles). Chloramphenicol in concentrations of 0.003 μ mole/ml/6 days caused no inhibition of the ACTH effects. In concentration of 0.03 μ mole/ml/6 days chloramphenicol resulted in incomplete inhibition of ACTH-induced formation of mitochondrial vesicular cristae. None of these doses of chloramphenicol affected other ACTH-induced changes in the fine structure of the cells such as increase of smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, hypertrophy of Golgi apparatus, and development of microvillous processes of plasma membranes. Chloramphenicol also caused no inhibition of the ACTH-induced accumulation of lipid in the cytoplasm. In cultivated cortical cells of Charles River strain albino rats small groups of annulated lamellae are commonly observed.The present observations suggest that: (1) the development of mitochondrial inner membranes is dependent, at least in part, on mitochondrial protein synthesis; (2) ACTH stimulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis in cortical cells is independent of ACTH-induced stimulation of nuclear-DNA-dependent protein synthesis; (3) doses of chloramphenicol which inhibit specialization of mitochondrial inner membranes of fetal adrenal cortical cells are comparable to those which inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria.
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    Electron microscopic observations on the morphogenesis of the albino rat lung, with special reference to pulmonary epithelial cellsSupported by research Fellowship grants 1-F1-GM-33, 009, 5-F1-GM-33, 009, and grant-in-aid GRSG-FR-05403 from the National Institutes of Health. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 127 (1970), S. 181-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Electron microscopic observations of developing albino rat lung provide further evidence for the endodermal origin of the type I and II pulmonary epithelial cells, and for the mesodermal origin of the interstitial pulmonary cells.Cytoplasmic glycogen increased in the fetal endodermal cells from day 16 to the twentieth day of gestation. Further development revealed a decrease of this substance in the differentiating pulmonary epithelial cells, and a concurrent increase in the mesodermal interstitial pulmonary cells, these being cells formerly characterized by their high lipid content. A continuous basement membrane delineated the mesodermal and endodermal components of the developing rat lung from day 16 to the third postnatal day. Tight junctions between adjacent endodermal epithelial cells were present throughout this same gestational period. Lamellar bodies, which are characteristic of the type II pulmonary epithelial cell, may be found simultaneously with large quantities of cytoplasmic glycogen. This feature is considered characteristic of fetal endodermal components.A definite continuum of ultrastructural changes may be traced from the endodermal, columnar epithelial cells to the definitive type I and II pulmonary epithelial cells. Comparable observations for the mesodermal components reveal a progression leading to mature interstitial pulmonary cells.
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    The opisthonephric kidney of the sea lamprey of the great lakes, Petromyzon marinus L. II. Neck and proximal segments of the tubular nephron (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 127 (1970), S. 233-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The spatial arrangement of the five basic segments of the tubular nephron of the sea lamprey is reversed between ammocoetes and adults due to differences in the position of the glomus. The initial segment, the ciliated neck segment, resembles the pronephric nephrostome. The proximal segment is divided into two distinct regions, the pars convoluta followed by the pars recta, and has a brush border which reacts positively with the periodic acid-Schiff stain.Ultrastructurally the cells of the proximal segment resemble the corresponding cells of other vertebrates except that they lack the usual infoldings of the basal plasma membrane and they often show intercellular spaces. The mitochondria of these cells often contain filamentous and crystalline material and are usually associated with “flocculent bodies” resembling “non-nucleoid” renal microbodies.The structure of the cells of the proximal segment suggest that they are involved in endocytosis.
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    The trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus. II. Electron microscopy (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 127 (1970), S. 303-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of cells in the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus was examined in adult mouse and cat. Cell surfaces were studed with small spinous processes which were free of synaptic contacts. Some cells in soma-soma and axosomatic contact were joined by maculae and membrane fusions resembling in cross section the zonula adherens and macula occludens of epithelial cells. Synapses containing three distinct morphological types of vesicles contacted the cell soma. The possible functions of synapses and membrane fusions were discussed.
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    Ultrastructure of the amnion and amniotic plaques of the white-tailed deerThe research was supported by USPHS grant Am-11376. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 127 (1970), S. 369-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ultrastructure of the aminon and aminotic plaques of the white-tailed deer was studied throughout pregnancy. The single layered amniotic epithelium had short, blunt, club-shaped microvilli, tortuously folded lateral plasma membranes enclosing an intercellular space, and basal foot-procsses. Wherever lateral plasma membrane processes abutted, desmosomes occurred. Hemidesmosomes were observed only in association with the foot-processes. The epithelium contained granular endoplasmic reticulum, rod-shaped mitochondria, free ribosomes, Golgi complexes, tonofibrils, tonofilaments and glycogen granules. The epithelium was supporte by a basal lamina. The subjacent connective tissue layer contained mesenchymal cells, fibroblasts and collagenous fibers.The amniotic plaques varied in size from microscopic to 4 mm in diameter. The small plaques were formed by mitotic activity of the aminion cells. their sites of formation appeared randomly distributed. Each microscopic plaque had one to three layers of basal columnar to cuboidal cells, and a single layer of covering cells next to the amniotic cavity. Further mitotic activity of basal columnar cells led to the formation and differentiation of large plaques which contained over 15 cell layers. The main mass of a large plaque showed four zones: stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum and stratum corneum. Cytoplasmic organelles were plentiful in the basal and spinous cells, but were sparse in the granular and cornified layers. Keratohyalin granules and dense tonofibrils were usually found in the granular cells, but only occasionally in cornified cells. Each plaque contained varying amounts of PAS-positive glyucogen granules. The tortuously folded lateral plasma membranes enclosed intercellular spaces which extended from basal to cornified layers. Small portions of amniotic cells and layers of cornified cells sloughed throughout pregnancy and thus contributed to the composition of amniotic fluid. The homology of the plaques with mammalian skin and their distribution in the eutherian mammals is discussed.
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    Local action of intrahypophyseal implants of estrogen as revealed by staining with peroxidase-labeled antibodySupported in part by research grants from the USPHS (HD 03159-02) and from the University of Michigan Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 128 (1970), S. 1-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The direct action of 17 β-estradiol and cholesterol on cells of the pituitary pars distalis, as revealed by staining with peroxidase-labeled antibody, was studied in female rats. Pellets of pure cholesterol and of estradiol mixed with cholesterol were implanted into the left lobe of the pars distalis 14-32 days after ovariectomy and left in place for 7-16 days. Rabbit antisera to rat prolactin, human growth hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin (for gonadotropes  -  presumably luteinizing hormone cells), and porcine corticotropin were used. In no case were cells altered in the contralateral lobe of the pars distalis; cholesterol likewise had no significant effect on the ipsilateral lobe. However, in the ipsilateral lobe containing an estrogen pellet, prolactin cells were hypertrophied and hyperplastic; cells assumed to be responsible for luteinizing hormone secretion were reduced in size and stained more intensely; and growth hormone cells were reduced in size. Corticotropin cells remained unaffected. For the most part estrogenic effects were distributed ventrally, caudally and laterally from the pellet and not far medially, never reaching the midline. It was concluded that estrogen acts directly on the hypophysis, the spread of the effects reflecting the direction of blood flow within the gland. These observations support the hypothesis that the pituitary gland serves as a site for feedback action by estrogen.
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    Ultrastructural study of thoracic duct lymphocytes of mice (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 128 (1970), S. 57-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of cells in mouse thoracic duct lymph was described, and the changes in cell population during a prolonged drainage of five days were characterized. From 93.9-97.0% of the cells were lymphocytes and 99.9% of them had the greatest axis ranging from 5.0-6.3 μ. Those cells which ranged in greatest dimension from 6.3-9.0 μ constituted 3-6% of the total population and were lymphocytes, developing and mature plasma cells, monocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and unclassified cells. The developing and mature plasma cells increased from 1.4-5.5% when day 1 of cannulation was compared with day 2. These cells constituted 3.5% of the population of day 3 and 3.9% on days 4 and 5. The numbers of these cells appeared to account for most of the increase in large lymphocytes seen by light microscopy. Approximately 5% of the lymphocytes contained inclusions which had the appearance of lipid. The findings were compared with previous observations in other mammalian systems.
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    A comparison of shortening and Z line degradation in post-mortem bovine, porcine, and rabbit muscleJournal Paper J-6254 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa, Project 1549. Supported in part by Public Health Servie Research grant GM 12488. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 128 (1970), S. 117-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Ultrastructural changes in bovine, porcine, and rabbit muscle have been studied during the first 24 hours post-mortem. Samples were taken for phase and electron microscopy immediately after death, after 4, 8, and 24 hours of post-mortem storage at 2° and 37°C, and after 24 hours post-mortem at 16° and 25°C. The results show that two kinds of structural changes occur in muscle during the first 24 hours post-mortem: (a) a variable amount of shortening, this shortening occurring via a sliding of filaments in all species and at all post-mortem storage temperatures examined, and (b) degradation of the Z line, and at higher storage temperatures, of the M line also. Shortening of unrestrained muscle occurs soonest post-mortem at 37°C in all three species and is completed within four hours post-mortem in porcine and rabbit muscle and within eight hours post-mortem in bovine muscle. Post-mortem short-ening of unrestrained rabbit and porcine muscle is greatest at 37°C (sarcomere lengths of 1.5 μ); shortening of rabbit muscle is minimal at 2°C (sarcomere lenght of 1.7 μ), but shortening of porcine muscle is minimal at 25°C (sarcomere length of 1.8 μ) and is slightly greater at 2°C (sarcomere length of 1.6 μ) than at 16°C. Post-mortem shortening of bovine muscle is greatest at 2°C (sarcomere length of 1.3 μ), is minimal at 16-25°C (sarcomere length of 1.8 μ), and increases between 25-37°C (sarcomere length of 1.5 μ at 37°C). Sarcomere length measurements show that some variation occurs in the extent of post-mortem shortening within the same muscle.Z line degradation occurs sooner post-mortem and to a greater extent at storage temperatures of 25°C or above than at temperatures of 16°C or below. Also, bovine muscle Z lines are clearly more resistant to post-mortem degradation than porcine or rabbit muscle Z lines. Loss of fibrillar structure in porcine or rabbit muscle Z lines occurs during the first four hours post-mortem at 37°C, but eight hours of post-mortem storage at 37°C are required to cause loss of fibrillar structure of bovine muscle Z lines. After 24 hours at 25 or 37°C, Z lines of rabbit and porcine muscle are usually completely absent; M lines are also frequently absent in this muscle.
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    Masthead (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 128 (1970) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001280301
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    An ultrastructural study of human eosinophil granules: Maturational stages and pyroantimonate reactive cationSupported by grants AM-10956 and AM-11028 from National Institutes of Health and the National Cystic Fibrosis Research Foundation. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 128 (1970), S. 283-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: For ultrastructural study of the formation and maturation of human eosinophil granules, bone marrow and buffy coat specimens were fixed with an aqueous solution of potassium pyroantimonate and osmium tetroxide and by conventional methods. The antimonate-osmium tetroxide method of fixation, which is thought to permit ultrastructural localization of sodium or other cations, offered an advantage over routine methods in that it permitted recognition of four rather than two varieties of cytoplasmic granules in human eosinophils at various stages of cell development. These four granule varieties, designated A, B, C, and D, differed primarily in distribution and content of crystalloids and antimonate deposits: A granules lacked antimonate deposits and cystalloids; B granules contained a rim of deposits but lacked crystalloids; C granules possessed deposits that were present in the peripheral matrices but not in the central crystalloids; and D granules lacked deposits but contained crystalloids. Evidence is provided that these four varieties of granules represent progressive stages in the maturation of a single granule type and that granules without crystalloids are transformed into granules with crystalloids. The results also provide evidence for the presence of an as yet unidentified pyroantimonate precipitable cation in human eosinophil granules.
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    Lipofuscin pigment in neurons of young mice with a hereditary central nervous system defectPublication 941 from the Basic Health Science Division of Emory University. Supported by grants HD-04102 and HD-04188 from the U.S. Public Health Service. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 128 (1970), S. 359-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Mutant mice are described which have an early developing locomotor difficulty accompanied by definite neuronal changes in the central nervous system. They develop head tremors during the second postnatal week and later action tremors while walking. Seizures occur spontaneously and can be induced by stimulation. By the third or fourth week, they lose the righting reflex. The most apparent neuropathologic sign is the progressive development of nuclear hyperchromasia, especially in the largest neurons of the spinal cord and brain stem. Purkinje cells of the cerebellum are similarly affected. Hyperchromasia occurs in single, isolated neurons scattered throughout the central nervous system, as well as in groups of cells which comprise a brain stem nucelus. Lipofuscin pigment in quantities comparable to that in neurons of 12 months old mice was found in neurons with hyperchromatic nuclei as early as five weeks of age, an observation which suggests that premature aging might be occurring in the mutant's central nervous system.
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    Interstitial bodies in the early chick embryoAided by grants from the United States Public Health Service (HE 09041) and the North Dakota Heart Association. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 128 (1970), S. 45-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Chick embryos of graded ages, ranging from freshly laid eggs to one week incubation, were prepared for electron microscopy.Interstitial bodies are expressions of “ground substance” that resemble structureless masses of cytoplasm without enclosing plasmalemma. They measure from 0.1 to ca. 1 μ in diameter. Toward the end of the first day of incubation they are found in the tissue space near to or in contact with the ectodermal boundary (basement) membrane. They seem to contribute to its increasing amorphous component. Microfibrils first appear close to or in contact with the ectodermal boundary membrane and are similarly related to interstitial bodies. At 44 hours interstitial bodies are especially numerous where the neural tube is separating from the ectoderm. Here boundary membranes have become intermittent and interstitial bodies appear to contribute to their repair. By the fourth day interstitial bodies are less numerous. Many appear to break up. Their edges tend to become dispersed into clouds of finely granular material, especially in areas of the tissue space occupied by wisps of microfibrils. The close association of amorphous ground substance and extracellular fibrils persists indefinitely.
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    Morphogenetic studies of the rabbit XLI. Gradients of correlation in the architecture of morphology (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 128 (1970), S. 137-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Significant sex and strain differences in correlation of bone, body and skeletal weights show significant localized effects of sex and strain and a combination of both. Individually they seem to lack biological meaning. However, when considered in relation to the ponderal correlations, of which they are a part, they fall into place at the distal ends of a graded linear correlation series, both within and between limbs; and similarly between mandible and sacrum, respectively, with each bone of both limbs. The pattern of these gradients reveals a linear decline in correlation of bones with distance (rule of neighborhood, Karl Pearson) in most cases, but the exceptions are such as can be related to the functions in which they cooperate. In this way they demonstrate at least two major unifying genetic influences. One associates sex and strain with locomotion and the other with the incipient upright investigative posture of the Lagomorphs (including the rabbit). The expected effect of sex on the pelvis is apparently not expressed by these ponderal measurements. The manner in which this correlation approach, based on well established genetic growth differences, converges with the phylogenetic and ontogenetic concepts of normal and abnormal growth of bone in limbs and cranio-facial development suggests that a combination of correlation and epigenetic analysis would be helpful in establishing a sound genetic background for the newer biomechanic, functional matrix and architectonic approaches.
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    Studies on the tadpole tail I. Structure and organization of the notochord and its covering layers in Rana catesbeiana (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 128 (1970), S. 193-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This paper presents a detailed description of the notochord and its covering layers in the tail of the premetamorphic bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpole.In general, the notochord is a tapered, rod-like structure composed of large vacuolated cells. It is covered by a thin basement membrane and by several thicker layers of connective tissue whose organization around the notochord differs along the length of the tail. In the proximal half of the tail the notochord and its basement membrane are followed consecutively by the notochord sheath, the elastica externa and the outer connective tissue sheath. In the distal part, however, the basement membrane is followed by the elastica interna, the notochord sheath and the outer connective tissue sheath. Toward the tip of the tail the connective tissue layers gradually become thinner and finally disappear leaving the tip of the notochord with its basement membrane lying in loose mesenchymal tissue.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001280206
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    Atrioventricular node innervation in ultrastructural three dimensionsThis investigation was supported by Research grants HE-07605 and NB-07299 from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 128 (1970), S. 239-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Atrioventricular nodal tissue was obtained from a two-week-old mouse heart which was fixed with phosphate-buffered osmium tetroxide, embedded in Epon 812, serially sectioned for both light and electron microscopy and stained with uranyl acetate. From study of electron micrographic montages of the first 115 serial sections of the most inferior portion of the atrioventricular node it was determined that the intercellular spaces of this portion of the node contain fibrocytes, bundles of collagen fibrils, capillaries and a plexus of unmyelinated nerve bundles which are insheathed by Schwann cells. Relatively large nerve bundles divide to form smaller ones, the vesiculated nerve processes of which make intimate contact with the sarcolemmae of nodal cells. These neuromuscular contiguities, on the basis of the physical interrelationships of their respective vesiculated nerve processes and nodal cells, exist in various forms. They may be categorized as follows: (1) individual vesiculated nerve processes which dwell in sarcolemma-lined tunnels or in culs-de-sac inside the nodal cells; (2) individual vesiculated nerve processes which lie within shallow or deep grooves on the surfaces of nodal cells; (3) vesiculated nerve processes which remain part of a small bundle while dwelling in a groove on the surface of an individual nodal cell or in grooves on the surfaces of two or more nodal cells; and (4) small individual bundles of vesiculated nerve processes and their Schwann cell investments which reside within sarcolemma-lined tunnels inside nodal cells. These neuromuscular contiguities are fully described and their significance is discussed in relation to the present status of the nature and organization of the postganglionic ramifications of the autonomic nervous system within the conduction system of the heart.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001280209
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    Ultrastructural studies of cleavage stage t12/t12 mouse embryosSupported by a U. S. Public Health Research grant HD-00827. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 128 (1970), S. 311-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A statistical study of embryos obtained from both spontaneously ovulated and superovulated +/t12 females, mated inter se, shows that the range of the lethal phenocritical period of the t12 allele in a homozygous condition is from the 8-12 cell stage to the early blastocyst stage. The majority of t12 homozygotes are developmentally arrested as late morula and the nuclei of these embryos contain lipid droplets and fibrillo-granular bodies. These same inclusions are found in other t12 embryos which are developmentally arrested either earlier or later than the late morula stage and distinguish 30-40% of the embryos (presumably t12 homozygotes) from their litter-mates at the 2- and 4-cell stages. Ultrastructural-cytochemical studies of the fibrillo-granular bodies show that the fibrillar areas are sensitive to pepsin and the granules to ribonuclease and are thus structurally and chemically similar to definitive nucleoli. Binucleate cells are also present in a high frequency of t12 homozygous embryos. This condition is considered an additional phenotypic expression of the genotype.Prior to developmental arrest, the nuclear and cytoplasmic organelles of t12 embryos do not differ from those of similarly staged litter-mates or control +/+ embryos. Homozygous mutant embryos examined shortly following developmental arrest contain cells ranging from structurally normal to degenerative. Asynchronous cell death is common to all t12 homozygous embryos. A chronological description of degenerative cellular changes is presented.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001280304
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    Morphologic alterations in somatotrophs of the rat adenohypophysis following administration of hypothalamic extractsResearch was supported in part by USPHS predoctoral fellowship GM-34,772 and USPHS grant AM 10073.Portions of these results have been presented before the AAAS 13th Annual Meeting, New York City, Dec, 26-31, 1967; and the 26th Annual EMSA Meeting, New Orleans, September 16-19, 1968. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 128 (1970), S. 389-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Hypothalamic extracts injected intravenously into rats produced morphologic alterations in somatotrophs of the pars distalis as observed with light and electron microscopy. Histological changes were correlated with pituitary growth hormone content as determined by bioassay by the tibia test in the same tissue samples. Statistical analysis of data derived from fine structure (number of secretory granules/somatotroph profile) was useful as an index of granule storage and release. Increased numbers of secretory granules, hypertrophy of the Golgi complex, and increased granule extrusion which were observed within five minutes after injection of hypothalamic extract supported the concept that growth hormone-relasing factor in the hypothalamic extract was effective not only in releasing growth hormone but also in stimulating its biosynthesis. Significant increases in both growth hormone content and granule counts agreed with this concept. Extremes of granulation and variable organelle morphology were apparent 15 minutes after injection with hypothalamic extract, although overall granule counts and bioassable growth hormone were within normal limits. By 30 minutes somatotrophs depleted of granules were common, suggesting granule release of major proportion which was consistent with significant decreases in number of granules and growth hormone content. Granules remaining in somatotrophs were aligned peripherally. Vesicular Golgi complexes were prominent. Increased numbers of presumed lysosomes may be related to membrane and/or secretory product accumulation which may result from granule synthesis and release. Somatotrophs from control rats appeared normal.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001280402
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    Prenatal growth in the albino rat: Effects of number, intrauterine position and resorptionsSupported by N.I.H. grants HDT-141 and HD-630. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 128 (1970), S. 413-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Data from 103 litters of albino rats were analyzed for the effects of the number of fetuses in the litter and in each uterine horn, resorptions, and intra-uterine position on variations in fetal weight. The right uterine horn tended to contain more fetuses than the left. There appeared to be systemic control over both the number of fetuses in the litter and their distribution between the horns. The number of fetuses per litter and the number per horn had separate and different effects on fetal weight. The number of fetuses in the horn was a more important determinant of fetal weight than was the number in the litter. Fetal weight was higher and the effect of the number of fetuses in the horn was stronger in horns with early resorptions than in horns without resorptions. Resorptions had no effect on the weight of adjacent fetuses or on fetal weight variation in the horn which suggests that resorptions influence fetal growth systemically rather than locally. Fetal mortality was highest in the lower one-third of the uterine horn and lowest in the upper one-third. Fetal weight variation increased as the number of fetuses per horn increased and as mean fetal weight decreased. Intrauterine position was a significant determinant of fetal weight. The heaviest fetuses occupied the middle of the uterine horn while the lightest fetuses were at either end. The importance of these findings in prenatal growth and teratologic studies is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001280403
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    Electron microscope studies of sperm incorporation into the golden hamster egg (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 128 (1970), S. 429-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Hamster eggs freed from the cumulus oophorus and zona pellucida were inseminated in vitro with capacitated spermatozoa. As soon as the spermatozoon reaches the surface of the egg cytoplasm, numerous microvilli of the egg surround the spermatozoon. Those microvilli attached to the acrosomal collar region of the spermatozoon quickly spread over the inner acrosomal membrane of this region, dislodging the outer acrosomal membrane and the overlying sperm plasma membrane. At the same time, microvilli fuse with the plasma membrane of the postnuclear cap region of the spermatozoon, and the egg cytoplasm quickly flows around the nucleus of that region of the spermatozoon. The inner acrosomal membrane persisting on the sperm head never fuses with the egg (microvillar) plasma membrane. This membrane is destined to disintegrate and be absorbed into the egg cytoplasm. Incorporation of the sperm flagellum into the egg cytoplasm takes place by fusion between plasma membranes of the spermatozoon and egg.
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    Histology of the subauricular and rump glands of the pronghorn (Antilocapra americana ord) (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 129 (1970), S. 65-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Subauricular and rump glands of pronghorns (Antilocapra americana) collected during every month of the year, were examined histologically. In early spring the apocrine and sebaceous zones of the paired subauricular glands, which are found only in males, proliferate abruptly. These zones continue to enlarge and become highly secretory during the summer; they regress during the fall and are quiescent in December. During the peak of activity large sebaceous storage vesicles are present and copious amounts of secretory material occupy the apocrine lumina. Irregular clumps of cells that are associated with the apocrine tubules are numerous in summer and appear to be associated with apocrine secretory activity. The subauricular glands of castrated bucks are small and inactive compared to normal glands. Annual proliferation and regression of the subauricular glands follows similar activities of the testes. Thus, the cycle of activity in these glands is apparently controlled by gonadal hormones. Odors from the subauricular glands may serve for sex recognition, stimulation, and marking of territories. The paired rump glands consist of lobulated sebaceous units and coiled apocrine tubules that maintain limited secretory activity throughout the year. Contraction of large arrector pili muscles associated with hairs in the glands may cause accelerated secretion. The rump glands of normal males, females, and castrated males, are similar in all respects. Apparently these glands are not sexually influenced. The rump glands may serve for olfactory warnings in conjunction with the visual warnings of the white rump patch.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001290106
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    An evaluation of the basic pattern of connections between the limbic system and the hypothalamus (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 129 (1970), S. 197-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001290207
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    Structure and function of the median eminenceThis research was supported by USPHS grant NB 08171 and AM 10002. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 129 (1970), S. 223-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001290211
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    The fine structure of the stannius body of the guppy and its response to deionized waterSupported by research grant CA-3458 from the National Cancer Institute and USPHS training grants 1 TI GM 1451 and 5 TI GM 407. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 129 (1970), S. 307-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The Stannius corpuscle of the guppy, Lebistes reticulatus, was studied with light and electron microscopy. The relation of the cells to the rich vascular supply is described. The fine structure of the parenchymal cells is consistent with protein synthesis. When animals were subjected to an environment depleted in mineral content, the cells of the Stannius corpuscle showed striking alterations: a prominent swelling of the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum and perinuclear cisternae, a reduction in the electron-opaque material within the Golgi saccules, the appearance of intramitochondrial granules, and vacuolization of the secretory granules. The role of the Stannius body in osmoregulation is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001290305
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    Protein absorption and transport by the guinea pig visceral yolk sac placentaThis investigation was supported by funds from Public Health Service Predoctoral Fellowship F01-GM42217-01 and by grant 5 R01 HD02613 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.A portion of this work was presented at the 83rd annual meeting of the American Association of Anatomists (King and Enders, '70a). (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 129 (1970), S. 261-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The cytological basis for protein transport across the guinea pig visceral yolk sac at 36-44 days of gestation was studied by means of electron microscopy following injection of horseradish peroxidase and ferritin. These results were compared with those obtained after administration of colloidal thorium dioxide. Distribution of the tracer molecules was studied at 2, 10, 20, 40, and 160 minutes after injection into the uterine lumen. All three tracer molecules were rapidly absorbed by endoderm cells. Although most of the protein appeared to be retained in droplets in endoderm cells, some protein was transmitted. Peroxidase was found to be rapidly transmitted across the yolk sac, ferritin somewhat more slowly, and colloidal thorium was not transmitted at all. Protein which had exited from the endoderm cells followed any of three pathways: (1) it crossed the visceral basement membrane and entered the vitelline capillaries; (2) it crossed the mesodermal compartment, crossed the mesothelial cells and entered the exocoelomic cavity; or (3) some of the protein was sequestered by macrophages in the splanchnic mesoderm. The pathways observed are consistent with those suggested by previous authors for the passage of maternal antibodies and serum proteins to the guinea pig fetus.
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    Masthead (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 129 (1970) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001290401
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    Myoid elements in the mammalian nephron and their relationship to other specializations in the basal part of kidney tubule cellsSupported in part by USPHS grants DE-2274-05, CA-11252, and 5398 (General Research grant). (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 129 (1970), S. 399-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The basal region of proximal convoluted tubule cells from mouse kidney was studied with the electron microscope. Particular attention was given to grazing sections, i.e., sections whose plane was approximately parallel to that of the basement lamina. The findings indicate that many of the “basal compartments” of the proximal convoluted cells are elongate parallel structures which contain aggregations of filaments resembling those of smooth muscle. These elongate structures, referred to as myoid bands, react positively with dyes which are selective for muscle tissue. Close membrane appositions are also seen in grazing sections, apparently related to the myoid bands, at least by virtue of location.In addition, the basal region of the proximal convoluted tubule cells possesses branching microvillous processes. Because of their arrangement, the basal extracellular space associated with the microvillous processes appears as a maze-like network of channels. The microvillous processes and the associated extracellular space are at a level just slightly higher than the level of the myoid bands. This space appears to be distinct from the basal labyrinth inasmuch as the latter extends well into the mitochondrial region of the cell, whereas the basal extracellular space does not. In places, the microvillous processes extend to the basement lamina between the myoid bands.It is postulated that the microvillous processes and the related extracellular space are associated with fluid transport and that the myoid bands may constitute a regulatory device related to the control of fluid movement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001290403
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    Masthead (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 128 (1970) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001280101
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    Electron-dense material within sarcoplasmic reticulum apposed to transverse tubules and to the sarcolemma in dog papillary muscle fibers (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 128 (1970), S. 33-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The space between the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) apposed to the transverse (T) tubules and the sarcolemma in dog papillary muscle fibers is traversed by structures of varying densities. The distance between apposed membranes is about 70 Å at the level of densities and about 100 Å at the level of less dense areas that alternate with the densities. The apposed SR shows a marked increase in electrondense material when comparison is made with the SR not apposed. The electron-dense material is located in a dense layer parallel to and about midway between the membranes of the apposed SR and in numerous projections from the inside surface of the membranes. With appropriate staining procedures the central dense layer and the projections are as thick as membranes and they frequently show paired densities separated by a distance about equal to the distance between the outer dense layers of trilaminar membranes. The paired densities in the central dense layer and in the projections indicate that the electron-dense material within apposed SR has structure. The projections are frequently in register with scallops or serrations in the SR membranes and they also appear to contribute to a waviness in the central dense layer. The serrations and waviness are interpreted as evidence that the projections exert a holding force because they project from the SR membranes and connect with the central dense layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001280104
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    The developing bronchial arteries in a fetus of the twelfth weekSupported by Research grant HD-00656, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public Health Service. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 129 (1970), S. 357-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the human fetus bronchial arteries appear, as such, between the ninth and twelfth week as highly variable arteriolar outgrowths from the aorta itself or from proximal portions of right (or left) posterior intercostal rami of the aorta. Thus, they constitute a secondary system implanted relatively late upon the peripheral coats of the bronchial tree and large pulmonary vessels. The process is thought to be an inductive one depending partly upon the approximation of parts during the descent of heart and lungs into the thorax and partly upon the advancing degree of maturity of the bronchial tree.In the fetus of the twelfth week, to be described below, there are three bronchial arteries to the left lung and at least one to the right. The lowest of these (the left aorticobronchial artery) can be traced along the superficial coasts of the left lower lobe bronchus to the level just preceding that in which cartilages are differentiating: for example, to the third of what will comprise, eventually, some 25 generations of branches of the posterior basal segmental bronchus. Beyond this shifting level of differentiation the segmental pulmonary arteries constitute the sole arterial supply to the bronchi and parenchyma of the lung. It is assumed from recent reports in the literature that the bronchial arterioles will have established continuity with pulmonary arteries and with the pulmouary parenchyma not later than the twenty-sixth week of gestation.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001290307
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    Ultrastructural aspects of calf submandibular glandsSupported by USPHS grants DE-02670 and DE-02110. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 127 (1970), S. 259-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Submandibular gland biopsies from four calves were examined by electron microscopy. Most of the parenchyma consists of mucous acini capped by seromucous demilunes. Secretory product of the demilunes reaches the acinar lumen via intercellular canaliculi located between adjacent demilunar cells or by narrow apical extensions of demilunar cells bordering the lumen in common with acinar cells. Intercellular canaliculi are absent between mucous acinar cells, but intercellular space is present at junctions of demilunar cells, acinar cells, and intercalated duct cells. Intercalated ducts are short and connect mucous acini with striated ducts. Striated ducts show more basal infoldings and mitochondria than those of bovine parotid glands. Nuclear bodies are present in most epithelial cell types of the gland but are larger and more easily recognized in nuclei of striated duct cells. Attempts are made to correlate the structure of bovine submandibular glands with its secretion of small amounts of hypotonic saliva relative to the larger volume of isotonic saliva secreted by parotid glands of the same animal.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001270304
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    The opisthonephric kidney of the sea lamprey of the great lakes, Petromyzon marinus L. I. The renal corpuscle (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 127 (1970), S. 207-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The renal corpuscle of the opisthonephric kidney of the Great Lakes lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L., is described. In the larvae (ammocoetes) several renal corpuscles, each consisting of lobed glomeruli and Bowman's capsules, are placed behind one another and there is a progressive lengthening of the posterior corpuscles as the animal ages, apparently by the addition of new glomeruli posteriorly. Bowman's capsule surrounds a single loop and consists of parietal and visceral layers which are similar to those seen in higher vertebrates.The kidney of the adult has a single complex renal corpuscle which extends almost its entire length. Present evidence indicates that the adult kidney is formed during transformation and that the larval renal corpuscles do not contribute to the single elongate corpuscle of the adult. A large number of lobed glomeruli, lying one behind the other, form the elongate glomus. Interposed between each pair of lobes is the dilated end of a nephron. There are no typical Bowman's capsules in the adult although where these nephric capsules invest the blood vessels of a lobe they develop podocytes similar to those of the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule and elsewhere they consist of a simple squamous epithelium similar to that of the parietal layer.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001270302
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  • 300
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    Masthead (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 127 (1970) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001270401
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