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  • 2015-2019
  • 1980-1984  (158)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1970-1974
  • 1920-1924
  • 1850-1859
  • 1982  (158)
  • Gas chromatography  (98)
  • Electron microscopy
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  • 2015-2019
  • 1980-1984  (158)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1970-1974
  • 1920-1924
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Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat of fusion and lamellar structure of polyethylene single crystal mats (1982)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 260 (1982), S. 564-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: lin. Polyethylene ; Single crystals ; Heat of Fusion ; DSC ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Recently published results for solution crystallized PE single crystals have shown, that the experimental heat of fusionΔH * is higher, if the solvent is exchanged to silicon oil (oil suspension samples) as compared with dried mats. This has been interpreted by the collapse of the original hollow pyramids during drying, inducing lateral defects within the lamellae. The present investigation does not confirm this unexpected result.ΔH * of dried mats (T c 66 to 91 °C) and of the corresponding oil suspension samples agree within the rather small limits of experimental error. The crystallinities as derived fromΔH *, density or WAXS are in excellent agreement. SEM micrographs of cold fractured dried mats show their spongy macromorphology, but TEM micrographs of stained ultra-thin sections reveal the lamellar morphology of the walls, consisting of curved lamellae and stacked hollow pyramides. If a dried mat is sintered at room temperature, a dense transparent film is obtained with a rather regular stacked morphology of large flat lamellae.ΔH * of these films agrees with that of the original mat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01422587
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macromolecular transport in the spiral prominence (1982)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 236 (1982), S. 41-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Prominentia spiralis cochleae ; Meerrettichperoxidase ; Elektronenmikroskopie ; Inner ear spiral prominence ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Transport of macromolecules in the spiral prominence of the guinea pig was studied after perilymphatic and intravenous horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injection. HRP was taken up by the spiral prominence epithelium from the perilymphatic space and in a much higher degree from the endolymphatic space. A highly endocytic ativity was shown by the stroma cells surrounding the spiral prominence vessel. HRP particles were stored in the cytoplasm within vesicles and vacuoles of different sizes and different contrasts. The mode of tracer storage in the spiral prominence epithelium and in the stroma cells from the morphological point of view suggests lysosomal digestion. HRP was transported from the perilymphatic space into the spiral prominence vessel lumen by means of vesicular transport through the vessel wall, while transport of the tracer from the vessel lumen into the perilymphatic space after intravenous injection was not observed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nach perilymphatischer und intravenöser Applikation von Meerrettichperoxidase wurde der Transport des Makromoleküls in der Prominentia spiralis des Meerschweinchens verfolgt. Die Tracer-Partikelchen wurden aus dem perilymphatischen Raum und vornehmlich jedoch aus dem Ductus cochlearis in das Oberflächenepithel der Prominentia spiralis aufgenommen. Die das Vas prominens umgebenden Stromazellen nahmen relativ viel Meerrettichperoxidase auf, die im Zytoplasma in unterschiedlich großen und unterschiedlich kontrastreichen Vesikeln und Vakuolen abgelagert wurde. Die Art der zytoplasmatischen Ablagerung des Tracers in den Epithelzellen und den Stromazellen spricht vom morphologischen Aspekt her für einen lysosomalen Abbau. Meerrettichperoxidase wurde von der Perilymphe in das Lumen des Vas prominens transportiert. Dieser Transport erfolgte vesikulär durch das Gefäßendothel. Ein Transport des Tracers in umgekehrter Richtung wurde nach intravenöser Applikation nicht beobachtet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00464056
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elektronenmikroskopische Befunde am Bindegewebe von Nervus und Ganglion vestibuli bei Morbus Menière (1982)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 236 (1982), S. 67-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Menière's disease ; Vestibular nerve ; Vestibular ganglion ; Pathologic alterations ; Electron microscopy ; Morbus Menière ; Nervus vestibularis ; Ganglion vestibuli ; Pathologische Veränderungen ; Elektronenmikroskopie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Vestibularisganglien von 17 Patienten mit einem Morbus Menière wurden nach transtemporaler oder translabyrinthärer Neurektomie elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Als Vergleichsmaterial dienten drei Ganglien, die bei anderer Indikation entnommen wurden und vier postmortale Entnahmen von Ohrgesunden. Bei allen Menière-Präparaten zeigten sich am Bindegewebe gleichartige pathologische Veränderungen von unterschiedlich starkem Ausmaß. Sie bestanden in einer Zunahme des Kollagens, wobei sowohl unterschiedliche Kaliber des Faserquerschnittes als auch Veränderungen der Periodizität der Querstreifung beobachtet wurden. Aktive Fibroblasten und reaktive Schwannsche Zellen, die isoliert lagen, keinem Axon zugeordnet waren und deren z. T. hirschgeweihförmig verzweigte, dünne Zellausläufer Kollagenbündel umhüllten, wurden als Zeichen einer noch ablaufenden Kollagenbildung gedeutet. Die Blutgefäße wiesen häufig eine Vervielfachung der Basalmembran auf, die von einem mehrfach breiteren Saum einer homogenen Matrix umgeben war. Die Perizyten waren oft entweder nekrotisch oder teilweise nicht mehr zu beobachten. Die Endothelzellen wiesen in der Regel kein aktives Zytoplasma auf. Sie erschienen teilweise autolytisch. Die pinozytotische Aktivität erwies sich als auffallend verringert. Diese qualitativen Veränderungen im interstitiellen Gewebe könnten auf ein primär lokales pathologisches Geschehen im Bereich des Nerven und des Ganglions hinweisen.
    Notes: Summary Vestibular ganglia of 17 patients with Menière's disease, obtained by transtemporal or translabyrinthine neurectomy, were studied by electron microscopy. Three ganglia removed because of other disease and four ganglia of normal ears taken post mortem served as controls. The neuronal fibrous tissue of Menière cases showed without exception pathologic changes of various extent. The amount of collagen was increased, whereby different fiber diameters were observed as well as changes in the periodicity of cross banding. Signs of continuing collagen formation were found: active fibroblasts and an increased number of isolated Schwann cells without axons, showing deerhorn-like ramifications which enveloped collagen bundles. The blood vessels were frequently surrounded by multiple basal membranes and broad bands of homogenous matrix. The pericytes were either necrotic or nonexistent. The endothelial cell cytoplasma was usually not in an active state. Sometimes it seemed to be autolytic. The pinocytotic activity was strikingly diminished. These qualitative changes of the interstitial tissue might point to a local pathologic event in the region of the vestibular nerve and ganglion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00464059
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chordoid sarcoma (extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma) (1982)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 399 (1982), S. 61-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Chordoid sarcoma ; Chondrosarcoma ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Evaluation of a series of 12 chordoid sarcomas suggests that there is a wider range of histological features in this entity then previously appreciated. Six of the lesions had a typical tumor cell organization and a mixture of cellular and myxoid stromal components, while the remaining cases were atypical because of a more solid growth pattern. Four of the 12 cases, that included both typically myxoid and more cellular examples, had small foci with hyalinized stroma segragating individual or small groups of tumor cells with and without lacunar spaces. Two atypical cases revealed more extensive and obvious chondrocytic differentiation in recurrent or metastatic lesions and in one of these, the histological pattern was that of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Ultrastructural examination of three cases revealed fine structural features of both the tumor cell population and extracellular matrix compatible with chondrocytic differentiation. Results of light and electron microscopy of this series of chordoid sarcoma add further support for categorizing this tumor with other malignant chondrocytic neoplasms. It is probable that chordoid sarcoma and extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma represent the same entity and that this lesion has a close histogenetic relationship to mesenchymal chondrosarcoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00666219
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adenoma of the human pituitary producing growth hormone and thyrotropin (1982)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 395 (1982), S. 59-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Adenohypophysis ; Electron microscopy ; Growth hormone ; Immunocytology ; Pituitary adenoma ; Thyroid-stimulating hormone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A pituitary adenoma removed by surgery from a 22-year-old man was studied by histology, immunocytology, transmission electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy. Clinically, the patient had acromegaly and euthyroidism with elevated blood GH concentrations. Blood TSH and T4 levels were within the normal range. Histologically, the adenoma was chromophobic and exhibited no PAS, lead hematoxylin, aldehyde thionin or Grimelius silver positivity. By the immunoperoxidase technique GH, β-TSH and α-subunit but no PRL, ACTH, α-endorphin, β-FSH or β-LH were demonstrated in the adenoma cells. Electron microscopy revealed adenoma cells which were similar to TSH cells and showed no resemblance to GH cells of nontumorous pituitaries or GH-secreting tumors. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated GH and β-TSH in the secretory granules. It is concluded that pituitary adenomas composed of TSH-like cells may secrete GH, resulting in acromegaly. Production of GH by adenomatous TSH cells cannot be explained on the basis of the one cell- one hormone theory. The question is raised whether bihormonal or multihormonal clones, capable of synthesizing more than one hormone, exist in the human pituitary. These cells are apparently dormant under normal conditions, but in the course of neoplastic transformation may undergo functional dedifferentiation and acquire the ability to produce two or more different hormones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00443484
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endothelium and “silver lines” (1982)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 395 (1982), S. 133-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Endothelium ; Permeability ; Electron microscopy ; Electrolytes ; Silver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The significance of endothelial “silver lines” was studied by TEM in rat aortas after perfusion with glutaraldehyde followed by silver nitrate. Standard TEM technique proved unsatisfactory (coarse silver granules, imprecise localization, artefacts). Exposure of the silver-treated aortas to photographic fixer markedly improved the image of the deposits leaving fine, stable, uniform “residual granules” about 100 Å in diameter. Most of these granules were localized along the intercellular junctions; they also tended to pool in the basement membrane beneath each junction. This image suggests that the Ag+ ions pass through the junction, and react with its contents as well as with the basement membrane beyond it. A scheme is proposed to explain the reaction of Ag+ ions with anions and negatively charged radicals within the junction. It is concluded that the “silver lines” represent not only a histochemical effect, but also the visualization of a transendothelial electrolyte pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429607
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of human fibrosing alveolitis (1982)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 395 (1982), S. 181-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Lung disease ; Electron microscopy ; Interstitial pneumonia ; Fibrosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This report describes the ultrastructural findings in 37 patients who underwent open lung biopsy which yielded diagnoses of fibrosing alveolitis. A spectrum of lesions are categorized for the capillary endothelium and its basement membrane, the interstitial space and its fibrocellular components, and the alveolar epithelium and its basement membrane. The findings typify the different pulmonary cellular reactions to injury. Evidence for cellular regeneration and death in both epithelial and endothelial cell populations include atypical epithelial cell proliferation, capillary basement membrane multilamination, decrease in capillary lumen size and prominent pericytic ensheathment of pulmonary capillaries. Within the interstitium of the lung, proliferation of collagen and elastic fibers are documented, but in addition, abundant myofibroblasts and smooth muscle cells are present. No ultrastructural evidence of immune complex deposition was found in this study. The morphologic findings of fibrosing alveolitis further support the widespread concept that the lung responds to various injuries in a similar manner and undergoes a common reparative response regardless of etiology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429611
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary sarcoma of the gallbladder (1982)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 396 (1982), S. 91-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Primary gallblader sarcoma ; Electron microscopy ; Histopathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six Swedish cases of primary sarcoma of the gallbladder from the period 1958–1973 and 1 case from 1975 were studied by light and electron microscopy. The literature was reviewed for the period after 1970. Ultrastructural features of sarcoma were investigated in order to exclude poorly differentiated carcinoma. One case was considered to be an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, three cases leiomyosarcoma and two were diagnosed as fibrosarcoma. One case, diagnosed as sarcoma of the gallbladder by light microscopy, was omitted because electron microscopical examination revealed a squamous cell carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428502
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arrest and extravasation of neoplastic cells (1982)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 396 (1982), S. 73-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Human malignant cells ; K-562 cell line ; Vascular arrest ; Endothelial attrition ; Extravasation ; Nude and lasat mice ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphological aspects of the arrest and extravasation of malignant cells of human origin (K-562 cell line) in the lungs of athymic (nude) and asplenic-athymic (lasat) mice were studied by electron microscopy examination of serial sections. The specimens were obtained at sequential stages after the sc inoculation into newborn mice of 107 malignant cells. K-562 cells (105) were also injected iv into control groups of nude and lasat mice to assess the influence of the route of inoculation on the in vivo behavior of K-562 cells. Our results demonstrated that K-562 cells were arrested and proliferated within the pulmonary capillaries without the participation of platelets or fibrin. The neoplastic cells extravasated by attrition and penetration of the endothelium (rather than by diapedesis) and continued to proliferate in the interstitial tissue of the lung, developing into neoplastic nodules. Following iv injection, K-562 cells induced the formation of platelet-tumor cell aggregates within the pulmonary capillaries. However, under these conditions, the neoplastic cells did not adhere to the endothelium nor did they proliferate or extravasate. These aggregates were flushed out by the circulation, restoring the permeability of the capillaries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428501
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ultrastructural and morphometric study of bladder tumours (II) (1982)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 396 (1982), S. 291-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Bladder neoplasms ; Measurement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bladder tissues from 3 groups of patients were examined, using the light and electron microscopes (LM and TEM). One group of patients had a history of well-differentiated papillary transitional cell carcinomas and specimens were taken from cystoscopically normal areas. In a second group frank papillary carcinoma was biopsied. Finally, patients with no history of urothelial tumours and a normal cystoscopic appearance were biopsied during investigations for various benign conditions and these served as controls. In tissues from the first two groups certain differences were seen when these were compared to the controls and the frequency of these was significant. Light microscopic examination of 0.5 μ toluidine blue stained sections revealed an increased number of immature, small dark cells in the superficial layer of the epithelium (P〈0.001). Electron microscopic examination showed that in place of the characteristic asymmetric unit membrane of mature superficial cells, the surface was frequently covered with microvilli and the junctional complexes were often atypical. There was an increased number of abnormalities in the basal lamina (P〈0.001). These features were seen in the absence of cystoscopic and light microscopic changes in three out of eight patients with a history of tumours. It is, therefore, suggested that these are the earliest detectable morphological abnormalities in the pre-neoplastic urothelium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431388
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of a virilizing ovarian Leydig-cell-tumor (1982)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 397 (1982), S. 17-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Ovarian tumor ; Hilus cell tumor ; Leydig cell tumor ; Virilism ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of virilizing ovarian hilus cell tumor (Leydig-cell tumor) in a 37 year old female was studied by light and electron microscopy. The ultrastructural features of this rare and almost allways benign tumor are compared with those reported in the literature and with findings in normal and neoplastic interstitial cells of the testis. Tubulovesicular hyperplasia and formation of whorl structures of the endoplasmatic reticulum together with the presence of exocytosis vesicles on the cell surface may be the morphological manifestation of endocrine activity of the tumor. The identity of ultrastructural and optical diffraction characteristics of the crystal inclusions in both cells (hilar and testicular interstitial) favours the assumption of an homology of both cells and their neoplasms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430890
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synovial sarcoma arising in an anatomical bursa (1982)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 397 (1982), S. 93-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Biphasic synovial sarcoma ; Semitendinosus bursa ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In previous studies, the origin of synovial sarcoma directly from synovium has not been satisfactorily established. This case report describes the light and electron microscopic features of a biphasic synovial sarcoma occurring within the popliteal fossa. At surgery, a cystic mass was identified in relationship to the semitendinosus tendon at the anatomical site of the semitendinosus bursa. The tumour originated from the inner surface of the bursa as multiple papillary projections with no evidence of extension beyond the capsule of the bursa. Portions of the synovial surface were hyperplastic but otherwise normal. The findings indicate that biphasic synovial sarcoma can arise directly from synovium and support the hypothesis of a mesenchymal histogenesis for this tumour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430896
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tumor of mesonephric origin in a diverticulum of the urethra (1982)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 397 (1982), S. 335-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Bladder neoplasm ; Mesonephric origin ; Urethral diverticulum ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of a rare tumor arising in a diverticulum of the urethra was studied. Light microscopy revealed the typical structures of mesonephric tumor with obvious infiltration of the muscularis. Electron microscopic appearance indicated that the tumor cells were immature and not totally characteristic of any tissue of origin. Apart from appearances suggesting rapid growth, cellular inclusions of various appearance were found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00496574
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time course effects of soman on acetylcholine and choline levels in six discrete areas of the rat brain (1982)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 78 (1982), S. 170-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Acetylcholine ; Choline ; Soman ; Organophosphate ; Anticholinesterase ; Toxicity ; Lethality ; CNS ; Brain areas ; Rats ; Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Time course ; Cholinergic function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The time course of changes in rat brain levels of acetylcholine (ACh) and choline (Ch) was investigated following a single SC injection of soman (0.9 LD50, 120 μg/kg) to understand the relationship between central neurotransmitter alteration and soman toxicity. Of the animals exposed to the dose of soman, 46% died within 24 h, with maximum mortality occurring during the first 40 min following soman administration. In a second group, surviving rats were killed at various times after treatment by a beam of focused microwave radiation to the head, and ACh and Ch levels were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Soman produced a maximal ACh elevation in the brain stem at 20 min (34.4%), in cerebellum at 40 min (51.9%), in cortex and striatum at 2 h (320.3% and 35.2%, respectively), and in hippocampus and midbrain at 3 h (94.5% and 56.8%, respectively). ACh levels remained above normal approximately 30 min in the brain stem; 2 h in the midbrain, cerebellum, and striatum; 8 h in the cortex; and 16 h in the hippocampus. Ch levels were elevated in all areas except the striatum. Ch maxima occurred at 10–40 min and returned to control levels approximately 3 h after injection. Results suggest that perturbation of ACh levels due to soman was not uniform throughout the brain and that soman toxicity may reflect ACh changes in multiple areas, rather than changes in any given area. These data further suggest a possible relationship between elevated Ch levels and soman toxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432257
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on the ultrastructure of human urothelium: The response of normal bladder of elderly subjects to hyperthermia (1982)
    Springer
    Urological research 10 (1982), S. 227-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Human ; Bladder urothelium ; Electron microscopy ; Hyperthermia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An electron microscopic study of normal bladder urothelium of elderly subjects treated by hyperthermic perfusions has shown that the tissue responds, sooner or later, in every instance by desquamation. There is no evidence of cell death prior to desquamation although various organelles undergo structural alterations. Mitochondria are especially prone to suffer varying degrees of damage. A short heat shock has revealed differences in the initial response of the thick and thin regions of bladder urothelium known to occur in elderly subjects. After a long, fractionated treatment, regeneration is evident within 3 daysof the end of treatment, and follow-up biopsies have revealed a hyperplastic urothelium within 10 to 12 weeks. The constituent cells show signs of cytodifferentiation at this time but it remains unknown when an ultrastructurally normal urothelium with characteristic cell layers will be restored. The various treatments in this study suggest that the stem cells in the epithelium are unaffected by the levels of hyperthermia employed and that their unimpaired proliferative capacity ensures regeneration of the urothelium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255928
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ein gaschromatographischer Nachweis von 6-Mercaptopurin im Serum von immunsupprimierten Transplantationspatienten (1982)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 181 (1982), S. 19-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Serum level ; Azathioprine ; 6-Mercaptopurine ; Immunosuppression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The knowledge of serum levels of azathioprine or its metabolite 6-mercaptopurine is important for the monitoring of the immunosuppressive therapy after kidney transplantation, especially when kidney function is low. For this reason, the work of Bailey et al. was modified. 6-Mercaptopurine was extracted from the serum with a mixture of isopropanol-ethylacetate (1:1 v:v), derivatized with trimethylaniliniumhydroxyde and measured gaschromatographically. Sulfhydryl-protecting reagents were added to prevent loss of substance. Oxyethyltheophylline was used as the internal standard. The extraction and clean-up method recovered 80% of the 6-mercaptopurine present, the lower limit of sensitivity was 20 ng/ml, i.e., ten times lower than that of Bailey et al. The method could be realized on eight patients treated with azathioprine, the half life of the drug was about 20–40 min within the first hour after i.v. application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01850986
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of tetraphenylporphinesulfonate (TPPS) on muscle end-plates in mice (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 56 (1982), S. 201-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Muscle end-plates ; Porphyric neuropathy ; Electron microscopy ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Motor end-plates were studied in mice at various intervals after a single injection of a synthetic porphyrin, tetraphenylporphinesulfonate (TPPS). Ultrastructurally, excess accumulation of neurofilaments constituted the earliest abnormality. These were followed by atrophy of many nerve terminals and their separation from the postsynaptic area by interposed separation from the postsynaptic area by interposed Schwann cells. Five to 8 months after the injection some postsynaptic areas showed denervation and atrophy. These progressive changes in the nerve terminals were accompanied by secondary changes in the subneural apparatus. Morphometric analysis revealed marked atrophy of the end-plates and significant swelling of preterminal axons. The present findings are suggestive of partial denervation of muscle, occurring after the injection of a synthetic porphyrin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690636
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intra-astrocytic glycogen granules and corpora amylacea stain positively for polyglucosans: A cytochemical contribution on the fine structural polymorphism of particulate polysaccharides (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 57 (1982), S. 99-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Polyglucosan bodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A cytochemical procedure for polysaccharides was carried out on a brain biopsy specimen, the thin-section study of which had shown excess glucogen granules and the corpora amylacea variety of polyglucosan bodies. Both granules and amyloid bodies were stained positively in contrast to the remaining structures of the brain tissue which remained unstained. This demonstrates that β-granules as well as filamentous and amorphous components of amyloid bodies are just different aspects of the polysaccharide molecule. Up to now the same kind of cytochemical evidence has been supplied for Lafora bodies of human material and Lafora-like bodies of rat material. The present study on corpora amylacea of human material shows that amyloid. Lafora, and Lafora-like bodies all behave the same way when stained for polysaccharides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685376
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spongiform-like changes in Alzheimer's disease (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 56 (1982), S. 146-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ; Spongiform changes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural study of the cortex of four patients with sporadic or familial AD, of two agematched controls without dementia, and of one normal pressure hydrocephalus, revealed in all the cases in the neuropil only occasional vacuoles which had a morphology similar to those observed in CJD. The degree of spongiform-like changes was, however, far less prominent than in CJD and considered mild in all the cases examined. Moreover, curled fragments of membranes within the vacuoles were not observed. It is suggested that the mild vacuolization of the neuropil occasionally observed in cortical biopsies of AD is a non-specific finding and cannot be considered a neuropathologic link between AD and CJD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690586
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Central neurocytoma (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 56 (1982), S. 151-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Central neuronal tumor ; Third ventricle tumor ; Synapses ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The authors report two cases of a rare tumor in adults which were inserted on the fornix and caused a frontal syndrome. By light microscopy, the tumors, highly calcified, were composed of small clear cells forming dense areas in a patchy fibrillary stroma. Electron microscopy revealed a striking neuronal differentiation with numerous synapses. These tumors, for which the term neurocytomas was proposed, were compared with the other CNS neuronal tumors described in the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690587
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oculopharyngeal dystrophy: Ultrastructure of muscles distant from the primary myopathy (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 57 (1982), S. 7-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy ; Electron microscopy ; Pectoral and psoas muscles ; Myofibrillar degeneration ; A band fragmentation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pectoral and psoas muscles from a 72-year-old man afflicted with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy were processed at autopsy for electron microscopy. The ultrastructural analyses of the pectoral muscle showed myofibrils which exhibited Z line streaming and a general breakdown in the organization of the sarcomere. In addition, some of the myofibrils displayed sites of degeneration at the center of the A band. The changes in the psoas muscles which are distant from the primary myopathic loci of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy were more extensive than that seen in the pectoral muscle. Control tissues showed intact myofibrils and little postmortem alteration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688872
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Feinstruktur der Nervenendigungen in den Muskelspindeln des M. lumbricalis der Ratte nach Durchschneidung des Nerven (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 57 (1982), S. 23-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Muscle spindle ; Electron microscopy ; Nerve endings ; Denervation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The nerve endings in muscle spindles from lumbricalis muscles of the hindpaw of the rat were studied by electron microscopy from 10 h to 7 days after section of the sciatic nerve. No sensory endings were found after 5 days and no motor endings after 3 days. Early changes in sensory endings included accumulation of lamellar bodies, mitochondrial swelling or shrinkage, an edematous appearance of the cytoplasm and disruption of membranes. The predominant way of removal was phagocytosis by activated mesenchymal cells; other endings were incorporated into the sarcoplasm as electrondense bodies. Early changes in motor endings included aggregation or swelling of synaptic vesicles, swelling or shrinkage of mitochondria, edematous change of the cytoplasm and disruption of membranes. The predominant way of removal was incorporation into the cytoplasm of adjacent Schwann cells and degradation to phagolysosomes. Sites of removed sensory endings could be identified by basement membrane reduplication, while the intact subsynaptic apparatus of removed motor endings was either loosely covered by Schwann cell processes, or by fibrillar material, or appeared empty. The differences in the removal of motor and sensory endings are explained by the differences in their anatomic structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688874
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electron-microscopic study of the brain of the fruit fly,Drosophila melanogaster, exposed to high-LET krypton (84Kr) particle radiation (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 57 (1982), S. 37-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Radiation effects ; Nervous system ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) were exposed to high-LET krypton (84Kr) ions at low (4.2 rad) and high (1,584 rad) doses and killed to assess acute (36 h post-exposure) and late (35 days post-exposure) effects in the brain by means of electron microscopy. The main findings were: (a) glycogen granules appeared in the neuroglial compartment 36 h after exposure to either dose and were no longer present in flies killed 35 days later, (b) neuronal alterations (swelling and membrane disruption) were observed 35 days after exposure to both doses, (c) changes in the neuroglia (electron-dense masses of concentrically arranged membranous structures) were seen 35 days after exposure. The data are discussed in relation to previous research in the fruit fly using argon (40Ar) charged particles and to other radiation studies performed in the mammalian brain with the view of using the insect brain as a model for detailed study of radiation effects on neurons, neuroglia, and the neuron-neuroglia unit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688875
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hirano bodies in myelinated fibers of hepatic encephalopathy (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 58 (1982), S. 307-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Hirano body ; Hepatic encephalopathy ; Oligodendroglia ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Inclusions, essentially identical to Hirano bodies, were observed in the substantia nigra, dentate nuclei, and frontal lobes in three autopsy cases of hepatic encephalopathy. Similar inclusions were not observed in these areas in nine controls. The inclusions were mainly seen in the inner loops of the myelinated fibers, between the myelin lamellae, and among degenerated myelin sheaths. The same inclusions were rarely observed in postsynaptic terminals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688615
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The permeability alteration of brain and spinal cord vasculature to horseradish peroxidase during experimental decompression sickness as compared to the alteration in permeability induced by hyperosmolar solution (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 57 (1982), S. 179-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Decompression sickness ; Hypertonic solutions ; Blood-brain barrier ; Blood-spinal cord barrier ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The permeability of microvasculature in the cerebral cortex, neostriatum, and spinal cord to i. v. injected horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been investigated in rats following experimental compression to 6.1 bars (abs.) air for 90 min, and subsequent decompression to the ambient pressure in 1 min. For comparison, 1 ml of 2.0 M urea was injected into the right common carotid artery of rats during 15 s. After exposure to compression-decompression, under the light microscope focal leaky areas were found in all the regions examined. The leakage was most prominent in the grey matter of the spinal cord, and the cerebral cortex. In decompressed rats, arterioles were most often the site of peroxidase extravasation, whereas extravasation of HRP was less frequently displayed by capillaries and venules. In urea-treated rats, capillaries and venules frequently displayed extravasation of HRP as well. Parenchymal cells accumulated the trace adjacent to the leaky areas. Under the electron microscope, the extravasation of HRP was associated with peroxidase-containing pleomorphic vesicular structures in the endothelium, both in decompressed and urea-injected rats. Moreover, in contrast to decompressed rats, the junctions between endothelial cells were penetrated by the trace in urea-treated rats. Accordingly, the results indicate that during decompression sickness the pathway for the extravasation of proteins is through vesicular transfer, whereas the injection of hyperosmolar urea induces extravasation, both through vesicular transfer and junctions between the endothelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685387
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Muscle fiber type morphology and distribution in paraplegic patients with traumatic cord lesion (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 57 (1982), S. 243-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Skeletal muscle ; Paraplegia ; Complete spinal cord lesion ; Histopatology ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Biopsies of the rectus femoris muscle of 22 paraplegic patients with complete acute spinal cord transection due to trauma were taken for enzyme-histochemical and electron-microscopic studies in successive stages starting from the occurrence of the accident (1–17 months). Ingravescent muscular atrophy was demonstrated with a progressive decrease in the fiber diameter and changes in the fiber type distribution with predominant type II atrophy in the first stage and type I atrophy in the later stage of the cord transection. Muscular “neurogenic” changes, such as angular dark atrophic fibers, targetoid fibers, and type predominance are frequently observed. Myopathic alterations are observed in a low percentage in the later stages of the lesion. The ultrastructural findings are characterized by myofibrillar alterations and by dilatation and proliferative phenomena of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and T-system. There are ingravescent accumulation of lipid, interstitial fibrosis and microcirculatory alterations. The possible mechanism of “central” muscle atrophy is reviewed and discussed with reference to the morphological findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692178
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructural development of distal nephron segments in the human fetal kidney (1982)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 164 (1982), S. 19-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Human kidney ; Nephron development ; Distal segments ; Electron microscopy ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural development of the human distal nephron was studied in fetuses 14–18 weeks of gestational age. The three-dimensional course of the nephrons was traced in serial semi-thin sections. Single semi-thin sections containing defined distal nephron segments were then reembedded, thin-sectioned and analyzed by electron microscopy. In stage I (renal vesicle) and stage II (S-shaped body) epithelial cells were essentially similar in ultrastructure. In stage III there were only minor variations in cell ultrastructure between distal nephron segments, but distinct differences were observed between proximal and distal tubule cells, the former being the most differentiated. The segments which are present in nephrons of adult kidneys could be identified in stage IV and some ultrastructural differences recognized between the cells. However, the amplification of the baso-lateral membrane, which is prominent in iontransporting mature distal segments, was almost absent and the baso-lateral membrane area per unit tubule length was similar in all distal segments. Intercalated cells were present towards the end of the distal convoluted and in the connecting tubule in stage IV but the ampulla of the collecting tubule was composed of cells with a uniform ultrastructure. Cell ultrastructure varied again to some extent in the collecting tubule. The present observations demonstrate that distal nephron segments in the human kidney are structurally undifferentiated in the early fetal development and suggest that they only to a limited extent are capable of modifying the composition of the tubular fluid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301876
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoglobulin production and secretion in bence jones protein myeloma and “nonsecretory” myeloma (1982)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 45 (1982), S. 121-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Multiple myeloma ; Immunoglobulin ; Electron microscopy ; Fluorescent antibody technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using our electron microscopic method for polysome analysis and an immunofluorescent technique we studied Ig production and secretion by tumor cells in seven BJP myeloma patients and seven “nonsecretory” myeloma patients. In BJP myeloma Ig production and secretion is of three types: Type 1, only L-chains are synthesized and secreted; Type 2, the myeloma cells show fluorescence for H-chains, but upon polysome analysis there is no peak at polysomes corresponding to H-chain production; Type 3, the myeloma cells show fluorescence for H-chains, and polysome analysis shows two peaks corresponding to L- and H-chain production. Polysome analysis of “nonsecretory” myelomas show the presence of only very few membrane-bound polysomes and their distribution curves are entirely different from those of “ordinary” myeloma. Furthermore, the distribution patterns vary among seven cases. Results obtained by polysome analysis and immunofluorescent technique suggest that the “nonsecretory” myeloma could be divided into several subtypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319940
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tubular aggregates in skeletal muscle of chronic alcoholic patients (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 56 (1982), S. 250-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Skeletal muscle ; Chronic alcoholism ; Tubular aggregates ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The presence of tubular aggregates (TA) in type II muscle fibers in two of 20 alcoholic patients with chronic liver disease, and with no apparent neuromuscular disorder, is reported. The localization, histochemical reactions, and ultrastructural features of the TA are similar to those previously described in other conditions. In one of the two cases TA were demonstrated by E/M observations only and not by histochemistry. No correlations were found between the biochemical changes and the presence of tubular aggregates. We believe that TA are long-standing structures since the muscle biopsies were performed 12 and 13 days after the ingestion of alcohol had been discontinued. They may represent a non-specific response of the sarcoplasmic reticulum to compensate for the deficient calcium uptake reported in alcoholic patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691255
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebrovascular pathogenesis in the telencephalon of the loop-tail mouse: A transmission electron-microscopic study (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 58 (1982), S. 177-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebral vessels ; Telencephalon ; Looptail mutant mouse ; Pathogenesis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cerebral capillaries in the telencephalon of normal (+/+;Lp/+)_and abnormal (Lp/Lp) loop-tail mutant mice were studied chronologically by means of electron microscopy at stages ranging from 15 through 18 days of gestation. In the abnormal tissue, neural rosettes were common, and cellular material and red blood cells were often contained within the lumen of the rosettes. The endothelial cells of telencephalic blood vessels in the abnormal brains showed a persistence of cellular projections, subluminal vacuoles, and swollen mitochondria beyond the stage when these features ordinarily disappear in normal embryonic cerebral vessels. The endothelial cells in the abnormal brains also failed to become fully invested with pericytes, and red blood cells gradually infiltrated the neural tissue, particularly in subependymal regions, at 16–18 days of gestation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690798
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of merkel cells after PUVA treatment (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 274 (1982), S. 373-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Merkel cell ; PUVA ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403744
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural evidence for inhibition of chitin synthesis by nikkomycin (1982)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 205-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Chitin inhibition ; Nikkomycin ; Cuticle ; Electron microscopy ; Epilachna varivestis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The nucleoside antibiotic nikkomycin has proved to be an effective inhibitor of chitin synthesis in the Mexican bean beetleEpilachna varivestis. Ultrastructural investigations show defects in the procuticular area after nikkomycin application which suggest the complete absence of chitin. A cuticle like this is inflexible and too brittle to satisfy its normal function as an exoskeleton. The individuals are not able to free themselves from the exuvia and finally die. Therefore nikkomycin seems to be a potential insecticide with high specifity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00848337
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term study of liver damage following subcutaneous injection of airborne particle extracts and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fractions (1982)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 49 (1982), S. 305-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ; Liver ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Female NMRI mice aged 9–12 weeks were each given a single subcutaneous injection of 0.5 ml of a suspension containing either the total extracts or the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fraction of airborne particles. Both the total extracts and PAH fractions contain 3 Vg benzopyrene. After about 15 months the livers were removed from the animals, which had by that time developed tumors at the injection site, and were subjected to ectronmicroscopical study. The essential alterations were observed in the nucleoli and the cell nuclei, which had greatly proliferated and exhibited irregular nuclear membranes. Advanced fibrosis was observed in central liver specimens of all groups. Marked alterations were also observed in the mitochondria and the mitochondria) cristae as well as in the bile canaliculi. Intracytoplasmic glycogen usually occurred densely clustered along the periphery of the cell. It may be concluded from the observations that both the total extract of atmospheric suspended particulate matter and the PAH fraction cause hematogenic damage to the liver following subcutaneous injection, a finding which cannot be interpreted as metastatic carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377939
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biologic characterization of human bone tumors I. Ewing's sarcoma (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 104 (1982), S. 171-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Ewing's sarcoma ; Type IV collagen ; Factor-VIII-associated protein ; Endothelial differentiation ; Electron microscopy ; Immunofluorescence microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six cases of Ewing's sarcoma were investigated by electron and immunofluorescence microscopy. A layer of basement membrane-like deposits was found between typical principal and secondary tumor cells. To clarify the nature of these ultrastructural deposits, antibodies against collagen type IV were applied to frozen sections of corresponding tumor tissue. This reaction revealed type IV collagen as a regular component of basement membranes in nonneoplastic tumor capillaries, but it was equally able to localize collagen type IV between single tumor cells in capillary-free areas. With the same method, factor-VIII-associated protein, predominantly found in endothelial cells, could be demonstrated in some tumor cells. These results demonstrate that, in addition to anaplastic cells, some tumor cells are found in Ewing's sarcoma that share certain differentiating features with the endothelial cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402065
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    5-Hydroxytryptophol in the cerebrospinal fluid and urine of alcoholics and healthy subjects (1982)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 321 (1982), S. 293-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Alcoholism ; Cerebrospinal fluid ; Ethanol ingestion ; Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; 5-Hydroxytryptophol ; Urine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxytryptophol was determined in cerebrospinal fluid and urine of alcoholics and healthy subjects, by a glass capillary gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method. The urinary excretion rate (14.6±2.9 pmoles/μmoles creatinine) and urine (109±20 pmoles/ml) and cerebrospinal fluid (4.12±0.21 pmoles/ml) concentrations in healthy subjects were established. Only 1% of the 5-hydroxytryptophol in urine occurred in free form. Ethanol ingestion (80, 120 g) by healthy subjects lead to a 20–100-fold increase in the urinary excretion rate of 5-hydroxytryptophol. In cerebrospinal fluid the increase was about 60%. Alcoholics had increased urinary excretion rates and cerebrospinal fluid levels during intoxication, which were in the same range as in intoxicated healthy subjects. During recovery from intoxication, the 5-hydroxytryptophol level in alcoholics decreased, but the CSF levels were still higher than in healthy subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00498516
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural pathology of human lymphocytes in lysosomal disorders: a contribution to their morphological diagnosis (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 138 (1982), S. 179-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Lymphocytes ; Metabolic disorders ; Inclusions ; Lysosomes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ultrastructural examination of peripheral lymphocytes was performed in 28 cases of various lysosomal diseases, including infantile, late infantile and juvenile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses (NCL), mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS), juvenile and adult metachromatic leukodystrophies (MLD), GM1-gangliosidosis, one patient with presumed mucolipidosis type IV, mucolipidosis type III, and glycogenosis type II. Based on our own observations on the ultrastructure of lymphocytes in lysosomal disorders, our results may be divided into the following 3 groups: 1. pathological findings with specific inclusions: each type of NCL, presumed mucolipidosis type IV, glycogenosis type II; 2. pathological findings with vacuoles: types I-H, II, III-A and III-B, IV, VI-A and VI-B of MPS, GM1-gangliosidosis; 3. apparently no pathological findings: juvenile and adult MLD, mucolipidosis type III, GM2-gangliosidosis, Gaucher disease. These results led us to conclude that morphological investigations utilizing lymphocytes do not always offer sufficient diagnostic information although easy accessibility favors diagnostic ultrastructural studies of lymphocytes. Such morphological studies should be supplemented by diagnostic biochemical methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00441150
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  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative studies onChlorella cell walls: Induction of protoplast formation (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 132 (1982), S. 10-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Calcofluor White ; Cell wall structure ; Chlorella ; Electron microscopy ; Protoplast ; Ruthenium Red
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Among 12 strains ofChlorella ellipsoidea, C. vulgaris, andC. saccharophila tested, 4 strains (1,C. ellpsoidea; 2,C. vulgaris; 1,C. saccharophila) formed osmotically labile protoplasts after treatment with mixtures of polysaccharide degrading enzymes. The relationship between enzymatical digestibility and structure or composition ofChlorella cell walls were studied by electron microscopy and staining techniques with some specific dyes. The cell wall structures of the 12Chlorella strains were grouped into three types: (1) with a trilaminar outer layer, (2) with a thin outer monolayer, and (3) without an outer layer. Protoplasts were formed only from the strains with a cell wall of Type 2. In the strains with a cell wall of Type 1, the outer layer protected the inner major microfibrillar layer against enzymatic digestion. The cell wall of Type 3 was totally resistant to the enzymes; the chemical composition of the cell wall would be somewhat different from that of other types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690809
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thylakoid centers: Structures associated with the cyanobacterial photosynthetic membrane system (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 133 (1982), S. 97-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cyanobacteria ; Thylakoid centers ; Photosynthetic membranes/thylakoids ; Membranes ; Membrane biogenesis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An ultrastructural study of four cyanobacteria (Anabaena cylindrica, Dermocarpa violaceae, Gleocapsa alpicola, Pleurocapsa minor) indicates the presence of previously undescribed thylakoid centers from which photosynthetic membranes (thylakoids) radiate. These peripherally located thylakoid centers are cylinders 30 nm wide by 320 nm long, consisting of globular subunits oriented in nonparallel stacked arrays. Thylakoids are attached to the outer surface of the cylinder along its longitudinal axis. Thylakoid centers appear to be functionally significant due to their structure, location and thylakoid association.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00413518
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell wall degradation ofStaphylococcus aureus by lysozyme (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 131 (1982), S. 116-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cell wall ; Wall degradation ; Lysozyme ; Autolysines ; Electron microscopy ; Staphylococcus aureus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In contrast to former findings lysozyme was able to attack the cell walls ofStaphylococcus aureus under acid conditions. However, experiments with14C-labelled cell walls and ribonuclease indicated that, under these conditions, lysozyme acted less as an muralytic enzyme but more as an activator of pre-existing autolytic wall enzymes. Electron microscopic studies showed that under these acid conditions the cell walls were degraded by a new mechanism (i.e. “attack from the inside”). This attack on the cell wall started asymmetrically within the region of the cross wall and induced the formation of periodically arranged lytic sites between the cytoplasmic membrane and the cell wall proper. Subsequently, a gap between the cell wall and the cytoplasmic membrane resulted and large cell wall segments became detached and suspended in the medium. The sequence of lytic events corresponded to processes known to take place during wall regeneration and wall formation. In the final stage of lysozyme action at pH 5 no cell debris but “stabilized protoplasts” were to be seen without detectable alterations of the primary shape of the cells. At the same time long extended ribbon-like structures appeared outside the bacteria. The origin as well as the chemical nature of this material is discussed. Furthermore, immunological implications are considered.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01053992
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    Electronic Resource
    Human osteogenic sarcoma (1982)
    Springer
    International orthopaedics 6 (1982), S. 171-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5195
    Keywords: Osteosarcoma ; Electron microscopy ; Acid phosphate ; Alkaline phosphate ; Bone tumour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La morphologie de 26 sarcomes ostéogéniques a été étudiée par microscopie électronique et la localisation des phosphatases acide et alcaline a pu être précisée au niveau ultrastructural. Quatre différents types de cellules ont été mis en évidence dans les tumeurs: cellules d'aspect ostéoblastique, fibroblastique et chondroblastique, ainsi que des cellules géantes multinuclées. Les cellules d'aspect ostéoblastique étaient présentes dans presque toutes les tumeurs étudiées. Une activité phosphatasique acide a été trouvée dans les lysosomes de toutes les cellules étudiées. Une activité phosphatasique alcaline a été observée dans — ou sur — la membrane plasmatique et dans les vésicules associées des cellules d'aspect ostéoblastique et fibroblastique ainsi que des cellules géantes. L'abondance des produits de réaction de la phosphatase alcaline contrastant avec une faible activité phosphatasique acide est en accord avec la nature de cette tumeur ostéogénique. Les résultats de l'étude histochimique ont aidé à comprendre la pathobiologie des différentes cellules qui constituent les sarcomes ostéogéniques.
    Notes: Summary The morphology of 26 cases of osteogenic sarcoma was studied using electron microscopic techniques, and the localization of acid and alkaline phosphatase activity at the ultrastructural level elucidated. Four different cells were present in the tumours: osteoblast-like, fibroblast-like, chondroblast-like, and multinucleated giant cells. The osteoblast-like cell was present in most of the tumours studied. Acid phosphatase activity was present in lysosome-like structures of almost all the cell-types studied. Alkaline phosphatase activity was noted in or on the plasma membranes and associated vesicles of osteoblast-like, fibroblast-like, and multinucleated giant cells. The abundant reaction product deposition of alkaline phosphatase as compared with the lower acid phosphatase activity is in agreement with the nature of this bone-forming tumour. The results of the histochemical studies have added to the understanding of the pathobiology of the different cells composing osteogenic sarcomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00267727
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  • 41
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    Electronic Resource
    Chemically modified teflon capillary columns for gas chromatography II. Solid surface effects in direct coated columns (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 641-644 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Teflon capillary columns ; Chemically modified teflon ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The preparation of teflon capillary columns employing direct coating of the stationary phase to the chemically modified teflon surface and the role of the chemically modified teflon in the separation mechanism are described. Two types of contributions from the modified teflon have been observed: nonspecific adsorption of the carbon surface and specific interactions of polar groups in the carbon skeleton. The use of polar liquid phases can eliminate adsorption due to the presence of polar groups in the modified teflon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02279491
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  • 42
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    Electronic Resource
    Derivatization of amines with chloroformate esters for gas chromatographic analysis (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 60-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Amines ; Derivatization ; Chloroformate esters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The gas chromatographic analysis of amines after conversion to electron capture sensitive carbamates in two-phase systems has been studied. Hydrophilic compounds, for instance methylamine, are reacted with 2,2,2-trichloro-tert. butyl chloroformate. Quantitation below 10−7 M can be made by thermionic or electron capture detection. A hydrophobic amine, namely N,N-dimethyl-n-octylamine, was derivatized with 2,4,6-tribromophenyl chloroformate with addition of iodide ion to the aqueous phase. The favorable effect of iodide ion as well as the choice of pH and chloroformate ester is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258870
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  • 43
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    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatography in open rectangular channels with large aspect ratios (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 98-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Rectangular channel ; Efficiency ; Capacity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Gas chromatographic experiments have been performed in a truly rectangular channel with a 60∶1 cross-sectional aspect ratio, constructed according to the field-flow fractionation technology. It is shown that the peak broadening is controlled by the thickness of the channel while the maximum load is determined by the largest cross-sectional dimension. However, even with its elongated configuration, the side walls contribute significantly to the band broadening of solutes with a high diffusivity. Good agreement is found between the experimental plate height data and the recent theoretical calculations of Golay [13] taking into account the side-wall effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258877
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  • 44
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    Electronic Resource
    Sensory organs inIps typographus (Insecta: Coleoptera) — Fine structure of antennal sensilla (1982)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 111 (1982), S. 206-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Bark beetle ; Sensilla ; Chemoreceptors ; Mechanoreceptors ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The antennal sensilla inI. typographus are almost exclusively confined to the flattened terminal flagellar segment. The sensillar types have distinct distribution patterns in the three areas where they are found. Judging from the ultrastructural characteristics the following functions can be assigned to the sensillar types: chemoreception, single-walled and double-walled sensilla; chemoreception/mechanoreception, terminal-pore sensillum. Moreover there are two types of mechanoreceptors, one of which is connected to a bristle, whereas the other terminates within the cuticle of the flagellar segment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01281968
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  • 45
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    Electronic Resource
    Morphologische Untersuchungen zur Toxizität der Ethacrynsäure an der Prominentia spiralis (1982)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 236 (1982), S. 217-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Ethacrynic acid ; Spiral prominence ; Electron microscopy ; Ethacrynsäure ; Prominentia spiralis cochleae ; Elek tronenmikroskopie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nach einmaliger intravenöser Ethacrynsäure-Applikation (40 mg/kg Körpergewicht) wurden die ultastrukturellen Veränderungen in der Prominentia spiralis der Meerschweinchenschnecke nach Einwirkungszeiten zwischen 5 und 90 min untersucht. Nach einer initialen Schwellung der den Endolymphraum begrenzenden Epithelzellen entwickelte sich ein interzelluläres Ödem und eine ausgeprägte Schrumpfung der das Vas prominens umgebenden Stromazellen mit nachfolgender Erweiterung des Perivascularraumes. Während die Veränderungen in der Stria vascularis und der Prominentia spiralis im zeitlichen Verlauf sich weitgehend identisch entwickelten, setzte die Rückbildung zur normalen Ultrastruktur in der Prominentia spiralis früher ein.
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural changes in the guinea pig spiral prominence were studied at various times after a single intravenous injection of ethacrynic acid (40 mg/kg body-weight). Initial swelling of endolymph-facing epithelial cells was followed by dilatation of the intercellular spaces and marked shrinkage of the stroma cells surrounding the spiral prominence vessel. While the changes in the stria vascularis and the spiral prominence progressed at about the same pace, the regression to normal ultrastructure set in earlier in the spiral prominence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454213
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  • 46
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    Electronic Resource
    Cells and intercellular contacts in glomeruli and tubules of the frog kidney (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 226 (1982), S. 589-608 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Kidney (frog) ; Glomerulus ; Nephron ; Tight junctions ; Freeze-fracturing ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary By the use of thin sections and freeze-fracture replicas the glomerular and tubular structures of the kidney of the frog (Rana esculenta) were studied with special reference to intercellular junctions. In the glomerulus the filtration barrier is of very variable thickness, and frequent tight and gap junctional contacts occur between podocyte processes. Although structurally less elaborate, the proximal tubule resembles its mammalian counterpart. In the initial part the tight junctions are relatively shallow but become very broad in the mid and distal portions of the proximal tubule. The proximal tubular cells are extensively linked by gap junctions. In some animals the shapes of the cells in the proximal and distal portions of the proximal tubule were markedly different. The distal tubule consists of two segments which differ mainly in the pattern of interdigitations and the structure of the zonulae occludentes. Similarities with the tight junctional morphology of the mammalian distal tubule are striking. In the first part of the distal tubule (diluting segment) a narrow band of parallel tight junctions is found closely resembling that found in the mammalian straight distal tubule; in the more distal part of the distal tubule, however, a broad band of anastomosing tight junctional strands exists, like the zonula occludens of the mammalian convoluted distal tubule. The connecting tubule displays cellular dimorphism: its wall contains a mixture of light and dark (flask) cells. The luminal and basolateral membranes of the flask cells are covered with numerous rod-shaped particles. The tight junctions of the connecting tubule are broad and increase in depth and number of strands along its length; they are typical of a very tight epithelium. In spite of several dissimilarities with phylogenetically younger kidneys our findings suggest that many structural principles of the mammalian kidney are also represented in the kidneys of amphibians. The structural-functional relationships are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214787
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  • 47
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    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of trimethylsilyl-isopropylidene derivatives of sorbose by combined gas chromatography- and mass-spectrometry (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 704-706 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Isopropyliden-sorboses ; TMS-derivatives ; GC-MS combined technique ; Mass spectra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A method has been developed using gas chromatography — electron impact mass spectrometry for the determination of the di-0-isopropylidene-sorbofuranose and mono-0-isopropylidene-sorbofuranose. The compounds are separated as their trimethylsilyl derivatives on a capillary column coated with the stationary phase SE-52. The mass spectra show that the silylation reaction is quantitiative and that the isopropylidene groups does not change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261889
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  • 48
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    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatographic analysis of ethylbenzene hydroperoxide (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 183-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Analysis of ethylbenzene hydroperoxide ; Time normalization method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A gas chromatographic method, based on the time normalization technique, is described for the analysis of ethylbenzene hydroperoxide in mixtures containing ethylbenzene, acetophenone, 1-phenylethanol, benzaldehyde and phenol. Different liquid phases were tested and the best results were obtained with tricresyl phosphate and neopentyl glycol sebacate. The influence of the support, the liquid loading and the gas velocity are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261537
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  • 49
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    Electronic Resource
    Retention index values of hydrocarbons on open-tubular columns coated with methylsilicone liquid phases (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 625-630 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Open-tubular (capillary) columns ; Comparison of liquid phases ; Influence of temperature ; Retention index data
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The influence of temperature and liquid phase film thickness of open-tubular (capillary) columns on the retention index values of hydrocarbons on methylsilicone liquid phases is discussed. Data obtained on methylsilicones and squalane are compared. Retention index values of 43 hydrocarbons between 40 and 70 °C on OV-101 liquid phase are listed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02279488
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic study of the drying step of supported catalysts by reversed-flow gas chromatography (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 351-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Supported catalysts ; Reserved-flow GC ; Drying step ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Application of reversed-flow gas chromatography to study the drying step in the preparation of supported catalysts is proposed. It is demonstrated that this technique can be applied to investigate the kinetic law followed, as well as to obtain kinetic parameters of drying (rate constants, activation energies and frequency factors). Amaterial illustrating this application is γ-Al2O3 impregnated with usual organic solvents (n-C5H12,n-C6H14,n-C7H16, CH3COCH3 and CH3CH2OH). It was found that in all cases above a simple first-order law based onone kind of active site is followed. Moreover, it was observed that the activation energyE a of the drying process increases almost linearly with the relative molecular mass of the solvent, whereas for the same solventE a increases with the amount used. The operation of a kinetic compensation effect suggests “similar” activated complexes of the various solvents used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259216
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  • 51
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    Electronic Resource
    Characterization, evaluation and in-situ cross-linking of new polar phases in capillary gas chromatography (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 63-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillaries ; New polar phases: OV-1701 and RSL-310 ; Immobilization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The possibilities of OV-1701 and RSL-310, two new stationary phases, have been evaluated for capillary gas chromatography in fused silica columns. OV-1701 is a cyanopropylphenyldimethyl polysiloxane of moderate polarity possessing excellent chromatographic characteristics. The phase exhibits high coating and chromatographic efficiencies, high temperature stability and is suitable for cross-linking. RSL-310 is a polar liquid stationary phase yet to be permanently bonded in a capillary column. The selectivity of both phases extends the applicability of fused silica columns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258871
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  • 52
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    Electronic Resource
    Gas-liquid chromatography of isopropylidene monosaccharides and their trimethylsilyl derivatives (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 241-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Monosaccharides ; Polyols ; GC of TMS derivatives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary This paper describes the gas chromatographic separation of the mixture of isopropylidene monosaccharides, and their trimethylsilyl derivatives. Based on the total analysis time and resolution the best stationary phase was SF-96 using Chromosorb G as the solid support and temperature programming.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265655
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  • 53
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    Electronic Resource
    A new device for contamination-free injection for gas chromatographic trace estimation of oxygen and nitrogen (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 312-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Injection-port modification ; Oxygen and nitrogen traces
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The paper presents a new device modifying normal injection port of a gas chromatograph for eliminating air contamination thus enabling determination of traces of oxygen or nitrogen. Further modification is also proposed which enables the analysis to be carried out with a limited quantity of sample gas. Potential application of this device in the analysis of reactive gases like florine has been indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265684
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  • 54
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    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence and prevention of isomerization of ligustilide during gas-liquid chromatography on packed columns (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 358-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Phthalides ; Gas chromatography ; Chromosorb W ; Isomerization ; Ligustilide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary During GLC of naturally occurring mixtures of phthalides on packed columns an artefact was sometimes detected that originated from Z-ligustilide. Active sites of Chromosorb W were responsible for the formation of the artefact, that was assumed to be E-ligustilide as GC-MS revealed that its mass spectrum was identical with that of Z-ligustilide. No isomerization was observed when freshly coated Chromosorb W was used or the support was deactivated by benzoyl chloride or melamine. The identity of the artefact was confirmed by UV irradiation experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259218
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  • 55
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    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatographic determination of arsenic in low concentrations in inorganic materials (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 30-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Arsenic ; Inorganic materials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A method is described for the quantitative chlorination and extraction of arsenic as arsenic trichloride from a number of alloys. The conditions for the quantitative gas chromatographic measurement of the volatile chloride have been studied. The proposed method for inorganic materials is very fast giving results within 10 min; sensitive, 1.5·10−13 g As can be detected, simple and accurate. At the ng level of As the error is about 20% with a standard deviation less than 20%, and at the 10pg level the error is about 36% with a standard deviation of 44%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02269036
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  • 56
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    Electronic Resource
    Multiple preparative chromatography (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 765-768 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Preparative scale chromatography ; Capacity ; Dual-stage separation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The capacity of different versions of single- and dual-stage separation of mixtures on a preparative scale is considered. It has been shown that dual-stage separation with intermediate condensation considerably enhances the capacity of the installation as compared with a single-stage process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261373
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  • 57
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    Electronic Resource
    High efficiency microbore GC columns using porous bead supports (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 117-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Various packed GC column ; Gas chromatography ; Porous layer beads ; GC/MS analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Theoretical comparisons of various packed GC column types are presented with respect to analysis time, efficiency, sample dilution, and sample capacity for a given maximum inlet pressure. In particular, totally porous particles, porous layer beads, and glass beads are compared with one another. It is shown that 30 μm porous layer beads offer a useful compromise between analysis time and plate count with relatively good sample capacity. Moreover, when using 1 mm i.d. columns (microbore), outlet flow rates that are reasonable for direct coupling to magnetic sector mass spectrometers are achieved making these columns suitable for GC/MS. Using 30 μm Zipax porous layer beads, columns yielding 8,000 to 10,000 plates/meter have been produced with inlet pressures of 13 to 26 atm. A simple modification of the injection port converts the maximum inlet pressure of a commercial gas chromatograph to 26 atm. With such pressures, columns in excess of 20,000 plates can be achieved. Chromatograms are presented illustrating the promise of these microbore columns for GC and GC/MS analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02290444
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  • 58
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    Electronic Resource
    A chromatoscopic study of fluorene, indenes and styrene (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 245-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Chromatoscopy ; Gas chromatography ; Graphitized carbon black ; Molecular structure and retention ; Aromatic hydrocarbons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A molecular-statistical calculation of the retention volumes at zero sample size on graphitized thermal carbon black is carried out for quasi-rigid molecules of fluorene, indene, 1-methylindene, 2-methylindene and three dimethylindenes. A reasonable agreement is observed between the calculated and the available experimental gas chromatographic data. The potential barrier to internal rotation and the torsional angle in styrene molecules are estimated by comparing theoretically calculated and measured retention volumes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265656
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  • 59
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    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatography in qualitative analyses. An investigation of the oxidation of some silicones used as gas chromatographic stationary phases (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 355-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Silicone liquid phases ; Oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The on-column oxidation of apolar and polar silicones used as gas chromatographic stationary phases is investigated. Even at 225° the effects of oxidation are found to be slight. Of the materials investigated the methylphenylsilicones are the most stable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259217
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  • 60
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    Electronic Resource
    Glass capillary gas chromatography of chlorinated methyl acetates, propanoates and butanoates on Carbowax 20M and SE-30 columns (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 505-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Glass capillary ; Gas chromatography ; Methyl chloroacetates ; Methyl chloropropanoates ; Methyl chlorobutanoates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The gas chromatography of all chlorinated methyl acetates, methyl propanoates and methyl mono- and dichlorobutanoates has been studied on Carbowax 20M and SE-30 glass capillary columns under various running conditions. The order of elution on a non-polar column was largely determined by the boiling point of esters, whereas on a polar column it was much influenced by the structure of compounds. Complete separation of the combined mixture of all 27 compounds could not be achieved, however, methyl 3,3-dichlorobutanoate was the only ester overlapped on both columns in spite of the various column temperatures used. The best separation of the mixture was on Carbowax 20M with a temperature program from 50°C at 8°C/min, isothermal running conditions leading either to poor separation of volatile components or long analysis time and broad peaks of higher chlorinated esters. The relative retention times for compounds at the various column temperatures are given and the retention order on a polar and on a non-polar column discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02260284
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  • 61
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    The structure and properties of n-octadecanol film present on the surface of a carbon-silica adsorbent (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 517-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Carbon-silica adsorbents ; n-Octadecanol film ; Phase transitions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The properties of the n-octadecanol film on carbon-silica adsorbent (Carbosil) were investigated. It was found that n-octadecanol forms an oriented film on the Carbosil's surface. If the surface of the basic silica gel is not completely covered with carbon, then the phase transition takes place in this film at a temperature higher than the melting temperature of n-octadecanol. One may distinguish two forms of this film, characterised by the different structures and the temperatures of the phase transitions. The first exists on the surface of silica gel unblocked by carbon. This part of the film is a monolayer, in which the alcohol molecules are vertically oriented. The solid compact-liquid expanded type phase transition at the well-defined temperature occurs in this film. In the second part of the film formed on the carbon surface, there is a multilayer of n-octadecanol. Its molecules are probably parallely oriented in relationship to the adsorbent surface. This film desintegrates progressively when the temperature increase. Maximum temperature of this phase transition is lower than the temperature of its analogue on pure silica gel surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02260287
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  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative capillary gas chromatographic analysis (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 546-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Quantitative analysis ; Sample inlet systems ; High-speed analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The attainment of precise quatitative analytical data using open-tubular (capillary) columns in standard, commercially available gas chromatographic instrumentation is demonstrated. Key elements in the design and proper utilization of the instrumentation are discussed. The function of the various sample introduction systems is elaborated and their quantitative performance demonstrated. The extra-column contribution to band-spreading is determined and the resultant data is used assessing the suitability of commercial instrumentation for highspeed capillary gas chromatography. The quantitative analysis of a sample containing some eleven components in less than thirty seconds is shown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02280373
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  • 63
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    Crystal hydrates: an investigation of the use of crystal hydrates as stationary phases in gas chromatography (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 126-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Crystal hydrates as stationary phases ; Mobile Phases containing water ; Selective retentions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The use of crystallohydrates, crystallohydrate solutions and melts as stationary phases in gas chromatography has been proposed. Crystallohydrates have been shown to display high selectivity in the separation of polar organic compounds when use is made of water vapours as the mobile phase. Some aspects of gas-liquid chromatography in water vapours and with the stationary phase comprising crystallohydrates have been studied, and the preliminary results obtained point to the desirability of further progress in this field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258882
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  • 64
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    Phenols in whisky (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 201-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Phenols ; Whisky ; Gas chromatography ; Aroma compounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Twelve volatile phenols were identified in whisky by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Of these phenols 2,4-dimethylphenol was found for the first time in the aroma of whisky. The content of phenol, o-, m-, and p-cresol, guaiacol, p-ethylphenol, p-ethylguaiacol and eugenol in whiskies originating from different countries was determined by gas chromatography as their 2,4-dinitrophenyl ethers using electron capture detection. The results show that Scotch whiskies differ from others in the content of o-, m-, and p-cresol. The odour threshold values of phenols studied were determined in a 10% (v/v) ethanol-water mixture and in some cases also in the whiskies. Cresols have been found to make contribution to the aroma of Scotch whisky.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258900
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  • 65
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    From gas chromatography to gaia (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 26-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Ionization detectors ; Gaia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary This paper is an account of the development of the gaia hypothesis as seen through the eyes of a gas chromatographer. Gaia is a radical notion about the Earth which postulates the climate and chemical composition to be regulated at an optimum by and for life. Gas chromatography played an important role in the gathering of evidence for the hypothesis but most significantly the art of inventing detectors lead to the developement of a planetary life detector through which gaia was revealed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258864
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  • 66
    Electronic Resource
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    Hydrocarbon type analysis by gas chromatograph using a single capillary column and a multi-column valve system (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 282-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Naphtha analysis ; Gasoline analysis ; Hydrocarbon type analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Two different gas chromatographic methods are used for the determination of hydrocarbon type distribution in naphtha and gasoline samples with final boiling points up to 275 °C. The methods are based either on a single capillary column or on a valve-switched packed column system. Both methods give extensive information on paraffins, olefins, naphthenes and aromatics in total as well as by carbon-number. In each case the analysis is fully automated with a computer controlling the entire analysis from injection to results presentation. The advantages and limitations of both methods are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258920
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  • 67
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    Trace analysis of free hydroxyacids by gas chromatography (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 322-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Graphitized carbon black supports ; Determination of hydroxyacids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Acid-washed graphitized carbon black (Carbopakc B) modified with trimesic adic and PEG 20M has proved to be effective for quantitative analysis of underivatized low molecular weight hydroxyacids. Calibration data revealed good linear relationships between relative peak area and concentration for lactic and 3-hydroxybutyric acids down to 0.05 mmol/l. The packing material was suitable for the analysis of aqueous solutions of hydroxyacids as it is tolerant to injections of water over a prolonged period of use. The GC system developed has been applied to the analysis of some hydroxyacids of biomedical interest in blood plasma and lactic acid contained in wine and beer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258930
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  • 68
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    Trace determination of amines and other nitrogen containing compounds with a modiefied thermal energy analyzer (TEATM) (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 354-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Modified thermal energy analyzer ; Selective detection of nitrogen compounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A modification to the TEATM Analyzer is described, which allows it to be used as a highly selective GC detector for nitrogen compounds as well as for N-nitrosamines and nitro compounds. The modified Analyzer is as sensitive as the AFID, but has a much higher selectivity towards nitrogen compounds than the AFID. Its response appears to be molar, with an output that is dependent only on the number of nitrogen atoms present. The performance of the modified Analyzer for the analysis of ammonia, amines,N-nitrosamines, nitriles and organonitro compounds is reported and discussed, as is its application to the detection of these compounds in bacon and beer samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258937
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  • 69
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    Evaluation of the working conditions of light adsorbents and their use as sampling material for the GC analysis of organic air pollutants in work areas (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 712-716 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Graphizized carbon black traps ; Organic air pollutants ; Work areas ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The use of traps containing graphitized carbon black for the collection and pre-analysis of atmospheric pollutants in industrial areas is presented. The working conditions, in terms of trapping capability and effectiveness of release by thermal desorption are discussed. Some practical applications are also given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261891
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  • 70
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    Influence of Van der Waals' volume of ethers, esters, carbonyls and alcohols on retention in gas chromatography stationary phases of different polyrity (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 771-775 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Van der Waals' volume ; Polarity of stationary phase ; Retention index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Equations for Retention Index (I) versus Van der Waals, volume (Vw) on squalane are studied for alcohols, carbonyls, esters and ethers. Each equation includes linear and branching substances with different positions of the functional group in the carbon chain. The study is extended to stationary phases with polarities from 4.29 to 91.54 on the Tarjan et al. scale. Variations of the slope and origin ordinate values with the polarity of the stationary phase are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261375
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  • 71
    Electronic Resource
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    Fast analysis by gas chromatography (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 125-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Capillary columns ; Fast analysis ; Gas chromatography ; Instrumental effects ; Optimization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The efficiency of fast GC columns depends largely on the quality of the chromatograph. A theoretical and experimental study shows the relative importance of the various phenomena involved and permits the optimization of a GC System. Extremely good performances, exceeding 2,500 plates per second have been routinely obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02290445
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  • 72
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    A rapid gas chromatographic method for the analysis of acidic fermentation products (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 180-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Acidic fermentation products ; Characterisation ; Gas chromatography ; Methyl esters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A rapid and simple method for the identification of acidic fermentation products is described. Methyl esters of volatile and non-volatile acids are separated on a single chromatographic column. Retention time data for a number of acids are tabulated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261536
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  • 73
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    Retention index, connectivity index and Van der Waals' volume of alkanes (GLC) (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 521-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Retention index ; Connectivity index ; Van der Waals' volume ; Alkanes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The relationships between retention index and Van der Waals' volume and between retention index and connectivity index have been studied for 58 different alkanes (C1−C9) on squalane. The correlation coefficient for the former is higher than for the latter. From these equations a linear relationship between Van der Waals' volume and connectivity index is obtained which indicates that the two parameters are equivalent. A simple method for calculating the Van der Waals' volume of alkanes is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02260288
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  • 74
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    An apparatus for manufacturing flexible fused silica columns for gas liquid chromatography. Part I. The drawing process (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 569-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Fused silica capillaries ; Capillary drawing ; Glass capillaries
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A compact description is given of a simple and reliable method of drawing flexible fused silica capillary for gas chromatography. Some emphasis is given to the fact that the practices of drawing optical fibres should not be followed too slavishly so this leads to unnecessarily complicated and expensive equipment. Satisfactory capillary column silica tubing can be made with straightfoward extension of the method developed earlier for drawing thick walled capillary. A simple glass/silica hydrogen oxygen diffusion flame bumer is described for fusing the preform tubing at the draw point which is enclosed by a water cooled glass enclosure to trap evaporated silica and maintain the operation under dust free conditions. The uniformity of the capillary diameter is better than 5% which is adequate for most gas chromatographic purposes. The second part of the paper yet to be published will cover the methods developed for coating the capillary both internally and externally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02280376
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  • 75
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    New uses of thermionic ionization detectors in gas chromatography (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 107-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Thermionic ionization ; Catalytic flame ionization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A newly designed thermionic detector was operated in two modes of thermionic ionization detection (TID), and a third mode of catalytic flame ionization detection (CFID). Operating modes were varied by changing the composition of the electrically-heated thermionic/catalytic source, and the composition of gases supplied to the detector. A TID-2 source activated by a low concentration of Cs/ceramic was operated in a dilute H2/air environment and provided specific responses to nitrogen and phosphorus compounds. A TID-1 source activated by a high concentration of Cs/ceramic was operated in a N2 environment and provided very high specificities and picogram detectivities to compounds containing electronegative functional groups such as the NO2 group. A CFID source formed from Ni/ceramic was operated in a H2/air flame environment and provided universal responses to all organics with enhanced responses to some heteroatom compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258879
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  • 76
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    A novel technique for thermal desorption from active charcoal (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 382-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Trapping by active charcoal ; Thermal desorption system ; Microwave oven ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050713
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  • 77
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    A simple method for connecting fused silica and glass capillaries (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 50-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass, fused silica ; Connection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050110
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  • 78
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    Application of the Hall™ electrolytic conductivity detector for the analysis of chloroanilines and chloronitroanilines in POTW sludgesThis paper was presented at the Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Atlantic City, New Jersey, March 1981 (Paper No. 224). (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 67-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; Effluent splitter ; Selective detectors: NPD, Hall™ electrolytic conductivity detector ; Chloro- and chloronitroanilines ; POTW sludge extracts ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Simultaneous detection with a 700-A Hall™ and an NPD detector is an effective technique for characterizing chloro-and chloronitroanilines in highly complex Publicly Owned Water Treatment Works (POTW) sludges. The utilization of a modified Varian effluent splitter and a SE-54 fused silica capillary column permitted the detection of mid-picogram quantities of the polar chloroanilines without sacrificing peak shape. The response of the Hall™ detector in the halogen mode was roughly proportional to the number of chlorine atoms present, while the response of the Hall™ in the nitrogen mode and the NPD was less predictably influenced by the presence of one or more nitro groups. When combined with retention time data, the ratio of the NPD response to the Hall™ response has been found to substantiate the presence of chloro- and chloronitroanilines in sludge extracts.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050202
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  • 79
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    Profile and of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in aircraft turbine particulate emissions (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 98-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Polyaromatic hydrocarbons ; Airborn Particulates ; Aircraft turbines ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050208
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  • 80
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    Preparation and use of high temperature silylated capillary columns coated with a mixture of OV-1 and FFAP for the analysis of volatile carboxylic acidsPresented at the 4th EUROANALYSIS Conference at Helsinki, Finland, August 23-28, 1981 (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 124-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; High temperature silylation ; C2-C6 fatty acids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050303
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  • 81
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    Fatty acid methyl esters - why polar open-tubular columns? (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 206-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; cis, trans, positional isomers of C22 esters separated on OV-73 ; Numerous arguments favor nonpolar columns ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050407
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  • 82
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    Evaluation of a rotary valve/cold trap/reinjection system for capillary columns (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 236-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Rotary valve ; Cold trap ; Reinjection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This paper describes a cold trap/reinjection system for capillary columns which utilizes a flow switching rotary valve. Sample enrichment is performed in a liquid nitrogen-cooled glass trap attached to the valve. Evaporation of enriched compounds is carried out with the aid of an electric heating coil. Parameters such as cryogenic trapping efficiency, reinjection rates, transference of sample, and adsorption, as well as overall performance, are examined. In addition, a comparison is made between the cold trap/reinjection technique and injection with a gas-tight syringe.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050503
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  • 83
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    Direct analysis of some aroma compounds by gas chromatography with helium ionization detection (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 265-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Helium ionization detector ; Aroma ; Coffee ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050508
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    Rapid screening for drugs of abuse with short glass capillaries and a nitrogen selective detector (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 45-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Fast screening of drugs and adulterants ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050108
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  • 85
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    Distribution of the stationary phase in the GLC column (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 55-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Non-uniformity of distribution of stationary phase confirmed ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050113
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  • 86
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    Inertness of fused silica capillary columns - activity towards aliphatic alcohols and deactivation (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 53-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; Thermal aging regeneration of fused silica capillaries ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050112
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  • 87
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    A new method for the quantitative analysis of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenylsPaper presented at the Second European Symposium on Analysis of Organic Micropollutants in Water Killarney (Ireland), November 1981. (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 75-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary ; SD-E enrichment ; Pesticide residues ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple method is described for the quantitative determination of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) in water at the sub-ppb level. A micro gas-phase extractor advantageously replaces other preconcentration and purification techniques. The extract is analyzed by capillary gas chromatography without further enrichment. The recovery at the ppb level was nearly 100% for organochlorine pesticides and more than 80% for PCB's. The complete procedure including sample preparation, steam distillation-extraction, and capillary gas chromatographic analysis is carried out in less than four hours.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050203
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  • 88
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    Analysis of C1-C3 alcohols in blood by high resolution headspace gas chromatography (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 377-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Glass capillary columns ; Headspace analysis ; Alcohols in blood ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050709
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  • 89
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    A two-detector pulse flow system for reaction studies by gas chromatography (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 165-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Pulse flow reaction chromatography ; Two-detector system ; Reactions in a two-detector system ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050315
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  • 90
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    Simple device for on-column cryofocusing in capillary column gas chromatography (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 321-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; Pyrolysis studies ; Cryofocusing device ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050607
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  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure elucidation of triglycerides by chromatographic techniques. Part 1: Capillary GC of ozonized triglycerides (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 80-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Triglycerides in cocoa butter, hazelnut oil ; Separation according to the number of unsaturated fatty acids (N.U.F.A.) ; Ozonolysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Structure determination of triglycerides according to their number of unsaturated fatty acids (N.U.F.A.) is more easily achieved after ozonolysis of their mixtures (fats and oils) than by capillary gas chromatographic analysis of the mixture as such. Analyses performed before and after ozonolysis of cocoa buttel, hazelnut oil, and a mixture of both fats illustrate the potential of this approach to the structure elucidation of triglycerides by chromatographic techniques.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050204
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of a sophisticated cold trap on the shape of capillary chromatography peaks (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 156-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Cold trapping ; Use of ABT concept in evaluating effect of trapping on peak ; shape ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050311
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Underivatized steroids on persilanized capillary columns with non-vaporizing on-column injection (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 175-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Discrimination factor non-vaporizing on-column/vaporizing splitless injection for underivatized steroids ; Quantitation feasible for most underivatized steroid hormones except corticosteroids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Recent developments in the preparation of capillary columns by persilanization of the glass surfaces have resulted in highly inactive, heat-stable columns. With this type of column certain steroid hormone classes can be analyzed without derivatization; these include the 17-keto steroids, 11-oxo compounds, estrogens, and progesterone metabolites. It has been found that good quantitative analysis calls for non-vaporizing, on-column injection, as normal vaporizing injection results in breakdown of thermolabile compounds such as estriol and 17-OH progesterone metabolites. The gas chromatographic method described was used to obtain urinary steroid profiles.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050402
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromatographic capillary columns with inside splitting (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 208-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Liquid chromatography ; Capillary glass ; Capillary columns with inside splitting of eluent ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050408
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Natural cooling column system for elimination of discrimination of sample compounds in on-column injection (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 211-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; On-column injection ; Elimination of discrimination ; Sliding sample inlet ; Cooling column system ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050410
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Closing of a glass capillary column with paraffin (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 107-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Static coating ; Closing glass capillaries ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050213
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Static coating: An attempt to optimize a straightforward technique involving mechanical closure of the column (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 119-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Static coating ; Filling with mechanical closure ; Description of an easy and safe technique ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The static technique is commonly accepted as the most universal and scientific method of coating. At the same time, however, it is said to be experimentally demanding. Great efforts have therefore been made to render the method easier and safer, resulting in a wealth of recommendations confusing non-experts. Over a period of two years we have practically applied most of the reported procedures with the aim of studying their practical convenience. We do not doubt that most procedures are comparably suitable in the hands of expert users, i. e. once the initiation efforts have been forgotten, or are otherwise of little interest. We have attempted to describe a method which is specifically suited for easy and quick introduction to beginners. The method is based on mechanical column closure. The principles of the method are discussed, and a comprehensive description of its practical application is given.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050302
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer comparisons of variables in capillary gas chromatography (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 227-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Van Deemter curve ; GC column selection ; GC carrier gas ; Capillary column length ; Capillary column diameter ; Film thickness in capillary columns ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of computer-constructed van Deemter curves that permits evaluation of a number of variables in capillary gas chromatography is presented. The graphs permit the comparison of inter-related parameters, including the choice of carrier gas (hydrogen vs helium vs nitrogen), column length (10-100 m), column diameter (0.20, 0.25, 0.32, 0.4 mm), solute partition ratios (0-10), and liquid phase film thickness (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 μm). The curves are evaluated, both in terms of the relative magnitude of the optimum average linear carrier gas velocity, and in terms of the significance of the sharpness of the curve.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050502
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of aerospace adhesives and prepreg composite fabrics (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 322-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; GC/MS ; Dynamic headspace analysis ; Pyrolysis ; Workplace safety studies ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050608
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simple method for sealing the ends of fused silica capillary columns (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 324-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Static coating ; End-sealing ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050609
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