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  • 2000-2004
  • 1985-1989  (135)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1985  (135)
  • Genetics
  • Life Sciences
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 277 (1985), S. 151-152 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Genetics ; Hair dysplasia ; Protein polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Uncombable hair syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 71 (1985), S. 39-43 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Peas ; Genetics ; Foliage ; Heterozygosity ; Heterosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Eight near-isogenic lines of pea representing all the homozygous combinations of three genes af, st and tl, which modify leaf shape and size, were crossed in all possible ways excepting reciprocals. An analysis of the resulting 36 families has shown that homozygous mutant alleles at the tl locus acting with homozygous mutant alleles at the af and st loci increase both seed weight and plant haulm weight. The mutant alleles at the af and st loci seem, when homozygous, to have little effect by themselves upon seed weight but they do increase or decrease haulm weight, respectively. There is clear evidence of heterotic effects resulting from heterozygosity at each one of the three loci which modify seed weight, haulm weight and basal branching. The implications of such heterotic effects in pea breeding programmes are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 71 (1985), S. 461-466 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; β-glucan ; Doubled haploids ; Genetics ; Correlated characters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Random inbred lines produced by doubled haploidy (DH) and single seed descent (SSD) have been used to investigate the genetics of β-glucan (gum) content in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Genetical analyses indicated that gum content is controlled by a simple additive genetic system. Significant negative genetic correlations were observed between β-glucan content, thousand grain weight and height in the DH samples. These correlations were much reduced in the SSD samples and would suggest linkage of the genes controlling these characters. The presence of repulsion linkages could be exploited in a barley breeding programme by producing F1 derived DH to generate recombinants with high thousand grain weight and low β-glucan content. Genetical parameters estimated from DH and F3 samples have successfully been used to predict the number of inbred lines transgressing the parental range for β-glucan content and bivariate combinations involving β-glucan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 89 (1985), S. 199-226 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Ecology ; Genetics ; Physiology ; Salt tolerance ; Tomato species
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary An interdisciplinary approach to breeding for stress tolerance in plants has gained considerable recognition in the past few years. Accordingly, this article presents a synthesis of the genetic, physiological, and ecological aspects of salt tolerance in plants. An understanding of these aspects and the interrelationships between them is essential for an efficient breeding program. A significant part of the presentation concentrates on the basic problems associated with the genetics of tolerance to stresses and of quantitative characters in general, since many of the unsolved problems relevant to the genetics of salt tolerance are still general. Significant progress in the breeding of quantitative as well as qualitative traits in multicellular organisms depends on an understanding of the genetic and epigenetic dimensions of gene action. The discussion therefore includes an overview of (1) the limited existing knowledge on the genetic control of salt tolerance and (2) the physiological mechanisms and molecular targets central to the control of salt resistance as expressed by the amount and stability of yield. An additional subject emphasized here concerns the main strategies of adaptation of wild species to their natural habitats. An understanding of them is essential to (1) enable distinction between traits that can increase agricultural yield and traits that are favorable only for survival under natural conditions (such a distinction is essential, especially when wild species are used as a gene source), and (2) predict the best combinations of characters for efficient agricultural production in stressful environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Dam ; Enzymes ; Electrophoresis ; Evolution ; Genetics ; Physiology ; Regulated streams ; Thermal maximum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis Critical thermal maxima (CTM) and genetic variation were compared for red shiners, Notropis lutrensis, from regulated and unregulated sites on the Brazos River in northcentral Texas. Tailwater fish acclimated to 25°C had significantly lower CTM's than those from a site upstream from the dam and unregulated downstream sites. Significantly different intrasite variances were observed, with two- and four-fold larger CTM variances in fish from within 1 km and 30 km of the dam. Genetic variation was determined from electrophoretic comparisons at 21 structural gene loci. Mean heterozygosity was greatest at regulated sites. Tests for locus heterogeneity at five variable loci indicated that regulated and unregulated populations are not homogeneous. Fish under regulation were genetically more similar to each other than they were to those not affected by regulation. The proportions of the gene variance attributable to habitat alteration were partitioned, and fully one-third of the gene variation was attributed to stream regulation. Patterns of variation in thermal tolerance and metabolic enzymes in the red shiner correlated closely with temperature regimes associated with hypolimnion release from the dam. These adaptive responses have occurred in less than 40 years.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 234 (1985), S. 325-334 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Calcification of basal ganglia, bilateral non-arteriosclerotic ; Fahr's syndrome ; Neuropsychiatric sequelae in Fahr's syndrome ; Parathormone dysfunctions ; Calcium-phosphorus metabolism ; Genetics ; Stammganglienverkalkung, bilateral symmetrische ; Fahrsches Syndrom ; neuropsychiatrische Veränderungen beim Fahr-Syndrom ; Parathormonhaushalt ; Calcium-Phosphor-Stoffwechsel ; Genetik
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wir berichten über eine Untersuchung zur bilateral symmetrischen Stammganglienverkalkung (Fahrsches Syndrom). Aus einer Sippe von insgesamt 45 Probanden konnten 31 untersucht werden, 7 davon boten einen CT-positiven Befund. Bei zumindest einem weiteren Probanden (verstorben) ergibt sich aus der Anamnese der dringende Verdacht auf ein Fahrsches Syndrom. Die breit gef ächerte, aus technischen Gründen jedoch ambulante Untersuchung, sollte verschiedene Differentialdiagnosen der bilateral symmetrischen Stammganglienverkalkung abklären bzw. ausschließen. Es wurde der Versuch unternommen, die Ätiologie unserer Fälle auf Nebenschilddrüsendysfunktion oder Parathormonresistenz einzuengen. Zusätzliche Untersuchungen, wie z. B. Kupfer-, Eisen- oder Magnesiumbestimmungen stehen in Zusammenhang mit Befunden über die Zusammensetzung der “Hirnsteine”. Weiters maßen wir in unserer Untersuchung psychiatrischen, testpsychologischen, neurologischen und elektroencephalographischen Untersuchungen große Bedeutung bei. Sie sollten, zum Teil mit Falldarstellungen, ausführliche neuropsychiatrische Befunde vermitteln, da in bisherigen Arbeiten zum Fahrschen Syndrom diesen Gesichtspunkten häufig untergeordnete Bedeutung beigemessen wurde. 19 der 31 Probanden zeigten gleichzeitig neurologische, psychopathologische, testpsychologische und im EEG nachweisbare Abweichungen vom Normbefund. Zusätzlich fiel die Häufung psychopathologischer Auffälligkeiten nach Art affektiver Erkrankungen im Rahmen eines bestehenden hirnorganischen Psychosyndroms auf. Als direkte Ursache der neuropsychiatrischen Veränderungen nehmen wir morphologische Veränderungen im Bereich der Stammganglien, möglicherweise hervorgerufen durch Calcium- und Phosphorstoffwechselstörungen, an. Trotz des CT als einer Untersuchungstechnik, die einer wesentlich früheren Erfassung des Fahrschen Syndroms entgegenkommt, nehmen wir an, daß morphologische Veränderungen sich klinisch zu einem Zeitpunkt manifestieren können, zu welchem sie noch unterhalb der CT-Nachweisgrenze liegen. Die von uns erhobenen Stoffwechselbefunde, die denkbaren genetischen Aspekte and neuro-psychiatrischen Ergebnisse werden mit den aus der Literatur bekannten Befunden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary We present a familial study (45 members), in which 31 members have been examined. Seven were afflicted with bilateral symmetrical calcification of the basal ganglia (Fahr's syndrome), as verified by CT scans. The case history and biochemical results for one additional proband, who had died, strongly indicate that this patient also had Fahr's syndrome. The wide range of examinations used in our study were aimed at excluding differential diagnoses of bilateral symmetrical calcification of the basal ganglia, other than when the origin was suspected to be in the parathyroid. The examinations had to be undertaken on an outpatient basis. Some of the variables, such as Fe, Cu, and Mg in the plasma, are connected with results that have been published on the composition of the apatite deposits. Psychiatric, psychological, neurological, and EEG examinations are emphasized. Together with the case reports they are meant to illustrate the neuropsychiatric aspects of this syndrome, the composite view of which has often been previously neglected. Nineteen of 31 probands showed neurological, psychopathological, psychological, and encephalographical deviations. We also noted a high incidence of organic brain syndromes that are phenomenologically similar to affective disorders. We believe these deviations to be directly related to morphological alterations of the basal ganglia, possibly due to errors in phosphorous and calcium metabolism. Although the CT scan has greatly facilitated the diagnosis of intracerebral calcifications, we assume that basal ganglia alterations under the CT-density threshold may also be of clinical importance. Our metabolic results, genetic issues, and neuropsychiatric findings are discussed.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985) 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 3-7 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Biotechnology can contribute to improved human health. Such improvement will also enhance significantly the economic development of the lesser developed nations. If one has in the biomedical sciences the skill and the will, one can utilize the powerful tools of biotechnology to better the well-being of makind throughout the world.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 8-8 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper presents the application of a new developed measuring device for continuous determination of ammonium concentration especially in the field of biotechnology. Kinetic measurements of changes of ammonium concentration during stationary and instationary growth of microorganisms allows to quantify such interesting parameters as nitrogen consumption rate rN, productivity rx, specific growth rate ß, adaption time, diauxic behavior and mass content MF of fermenter etc.The results received by the combination of appropriated methods with the ammonium measuring device are not limited to biotechnology, so other applications in the field of chemistry, agriculture, technology, waste water industry etc. are possible.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 75-80 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence of ethanol and acetic acid concentration on the ATP-pool and energy charge of Acetobacter rancens was investigated.The behaviour of growth and ATP-pool is contrary one to each other. An increasing concentration of acetic acid results in decreased growth rate, ATP-pool and energy charge.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 81-90 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An analytical method for a rapid determination of the protein dissolved from microorganisms after cell disintegration and protein extraction is presented, thereby distinguishing both the isoelectrical precipitable and the isoelectrical nonprecipitable protein fraction. The method is especially usefull for controlling disintegration and protein extraction steps in production of protein isolates from microbial biomasses.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 91-100 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The study of a heat-shock process for RNA reduction was carried out for different yeast strains. Different results were obtained from each of them. Candida utilis NRRL Y-660 shows its best performance after a 8-s. heat-shock in the presence of 3% NaCl. For commercial baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces fragilis L-1930, similar results were obtained with only 1% of NaCl. The latter needed longer heat-shock periods. e.g. 15s. to give such an RNA reduction. Biomass recovery ranged from 60 to 75%, being higher for C. utilis and K. fragilis while excessive losses were observed in S. cerevisiae cells.No significant protein deterioration was obtained in the best performance samples. The aminoacid profile appears to be improved in comparison to the starting material in these strains after RNA reduction.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ethanol synthesis was initiated in aerobically pre-cultivated synchronized yeast populations by interrupting aeration and adding carbon substrate. Synchronization of yeast-cell functions was carried out by aerobic phased cultivation.Ethanol synthesis was more effective if it was closely connected with aerobic cell-mass synthesis and cell proliferation. Thus, anaerobic continuous ethanol production with cell recycling could be intensified by replacement of aged cells in single-cell state by aerobically pre-cultivated budding cells.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 15
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The strains E. coli C 600 and E. coli C 600 pL CR 665-58 were cultivated on a glucose containing nutrient medium. The cell states of the cell cycle were investigated by means of phased cultivation. The doubling time and the specific carbon-substrate consumption of cells were higher when E. coli C 600 pL CR 665-58 was used. During cell doubling cell states characterized by different specific carbon-substrate consumption coefficients were observed.By adaptation of carbon-substrates supply to the repetitive cell states during continuous cultivation of synchronized bacteria populations the efficiency of cell-mass production was increased by 15 percent.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 187-190 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: At the investigation of some properties of the α-amylase and proteinase in the culture filtrat from Bacillus licheniformis MB 80 strain it has been established that the α-amylase activity is the highest at pH 6.0 to 6.5 and at 90°C, that the proteolytic activity is the highest at pH 9.5 to 10.0 and at 70°C and that the proteinase is inactivated at temperatures over 70°C.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 181-186 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The cell pools of tryptophan and anthranilate, the excretion of indole-containing metabolites, and the levels of the enzymes of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis have been determined in regulatory mutants of Hansenula henricii. The strain Hg 48-2-M8 produces indoles with a maximum specific productivity of 0.37 mg/g · h at a maximum specific production value of 21 mg/g dry cell weight. This methyl-tryptophan resistant mutant possess an anthranilate synthase, whose inhibition by tryptophan is reduced. The best conditions for production of indoles are the following: 1% glucose as C-source; ammonium as N-source; pH value smaller than 4. We found that under various growth conditions 25-60% synthesized indole-containing metabolites consists of tryptophan.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 191-196 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An evaluation of different kinds of treatments to enhance the biological degradability of sugarcane bagasse-pith is presented. NaOH treatment, gamma ray irradiation and inoculation of the material with the white rotting mold Sporotrichum pulvurulentum and combinations of above mentioned alternatives were evaluated by measuring the increase in water solubility and the susceptibility to cellulose degradation as well as by the change in the chemical composition of the material.NaOH treatment at 6% concentration and the combined treatment with NaOH at 2% and further fermentation with the mold gave the best results. Gamma irradiation up to a dose of 60 Mrad didn't show an important effect.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 197-202 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The spectrophotometrical measurement of the diffuse reflectance in fermentation media has been proved useful for the analytical control of the microbial biosynthesis and transformation. A laboratory steril fermenter was fitted at an UV/VIS-spectrophotometer equipped with a diffuse reflectance attachment. The apparent absorbance ΔE8(328) of aromatic hydrocarbons and the reciprocal scattering E8(650) have been compared with parameters of the discontinuous fermentation of the yeast Lodderomyces elongisporus and the bacteria strain EB 10c on petroleum hydrocarbons as a substrat.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 203-206 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: After a short review over methods for continuous determination of alcohols (methanol or ethanol) in fermentation liquids the working principle of a measuring device is described. With this apparatus preferentially low concentrations in the ppm-range can be measured, but it is also suitable for higher concentrations without the necessity of sample dilution. Indication is linear over a wide range. Finally some experiences with the practical use of the instrument are given.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 21
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Positive and negative effects of dilution of raw effluents from swine breeding are discussed, as to the treatability of those waste waters. Its effects on oxygen consumption and on the variation of inhibitory actions possibly observed, are studied and quantified. Using BRADENDER and VANDEPUTTE techniques based on peptone degradation, and determining PHELPS'S equation parameters for different consumption curves observed, the advantages of dilution versus treatment of raw effluents is studied.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 22
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Some aspects of the kinetics of bioremoval of pollutants during biodegradation of swine-breeding waste waters are studied and a biphasic model is proposed. The concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds during the process is followed. Following a previous contribution on the same subject, the aspects of dilution of those effluents are discussed, and it is proposed to treat raw effluents, in spite of the reduction of possible biostatic actions. Dilution will be acceptable only if strong inhibitory effects are observed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 23
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstarct.
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  • 24
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    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 270-270 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstarct.
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  • 25
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 263-269 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method for isolation of optically pure l-isopulegol from a mixture of its optically active isomers using the microorganisms Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Bacillus sp. is described.Microorganisms hydrolyzed l-isopulegyl acetate (26-40%) and in a small degree d-isopulegol acetate whereas the d-neoisopulegol acetate remained non-hydrolyzed.The optical purity of the chromatographie pure l-isopulegol was 97.6%.
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  • 26
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 309-312 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 27
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 313-317 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Lipid extract isolated from biomasses of Lodderomyces elongisporus IMET H 128 grown on gas oil 7(B.p. 240-380°C) and fractions of the lipid extract (acetone soluble and fatty acid fractions) reduced the concentration of potato virus X in inoculated as well as in secondarily infected leaves markedly. The antiphytoviral inactive phosphatide fraction was converted into a fraction with high activity by partial hydrolysis with SO2 as acting agent.
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  • 28
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 18-18 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 29
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Differential values of the specific ethanol production rate \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ v_{(t)} = \frac{1}{{x_{(t)} }} \cdot \frac{{dP}}{{dt}} $$ \end{document} can be calculated exactly from experimental batch fermentation process data by use of a nonlinear regression programme. The method used is based on the fact, that the function P = f(t) can be approximated by an exponential equation. The specific ethanol production rate is calculated then from the first differential derivation of this equation using the appropriated values of actual biomass concentration. For two strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae a linear and nonlinear kinetic pattern, respectively, was found for product formation. This result can be explained by a simple mathematical relation according to ν=ν0 - a . Pb,in which the exponent becomes 1 in the case of linear kinetic pattern.
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  • 30
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 19-25 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In parts 1-3 of the publication exceptionally stationary processes were used as information sources. In this fourth part the application of transition states for the adaption of the static model is investigated. A solution on the basis of a simple disturbance model is proposed and an evaluation of this procedure is given.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 31
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Individual culture supernatants of six cellulolytic fungi and their mixed enzyme systems were compared in hydrolysis of pure celluloses and cellulose-rich wastes. It has been observed that the hydrolysis rate of pure cellulosie substances in general increased by mixed enzymes as compared to the enzymes supernatant derived from only one microbial source. This effect was particularly high when Trichoderma and Penicillium enzyme systems were operated together.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
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  • 32
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 34-34 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 33
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 45-50 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: At a comparable sludge loading of the second activation stage of the AB-unit, in comparison with conventional one-stage units for waste-water cleaning, higher process stability and better quality outlet-results are obtainedThese results could be confirmed both in pilot units and in industrial plańnts.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 34
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 35-44 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The rate of photosynthetic activity of a single alga cell, their variability in the course of individual life, the time dependence of conditional influences, the dependence of the action of the condition on the registered parameter are shown by results of our measurements. The further underline the necessity of parallel short- or longtime measurements with several charges. Under these conditions, techniques on the basis of gasanalysers are profitable for the planning of measuring systems for photosynthesis with the ability to continuous, simulataneous in vivo measurements of photosynthetic rates of O2-output and CO2-fixation in open gas-stream with parallel charges. A measuring system, which meets these requirements, is demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 35
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 51-59 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A review of errors, which can influence the measured data of electrochemical oxygen sensors (OS) in fermentation technique is presented.The specifities of various sensor constructions are pointed out. References are given for selection of sensors to application in fermenters. Influences on the measured values can take place by fermentation conditions, arrangement of sensors in the fermenter and composition of the fermentation broth. The oxygen measurement in the multi-phase system of fermentation fluids can cause a remarkable deviation of the measured values to the real ones.Practical hints are given for use, calibration and sterilization of OS. Restricting conditions for measurements with this sensors are enumerated.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 36
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 104-104 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 37
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985) 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 38
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 109-113 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Xanthan overproduction only takes place if a sugar which may serve as precursor is present and transition to limited growth occured. This transient phase is characterized by a change in composition of macromolecular cell components (RNA, protein, carbohydrates). During the transient phase nearly no nitrogen is consumed, whereas glucose and oxygen consumption proceeds nearly undisturbed. The changes observed in the transient phase are discussed in context with physiological adaption.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 39
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 40
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 128-128 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 41
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 128-128 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 42
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 129-136 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The term “autolysis” was introduced into biological literature by SALKOVSKY [1]. Ever since it began to be used to designate self-digestion of cells under the action of their own intracellular enzymes. This definition is sufficiently satisfactory with regard to bacteria, and there are published lots of original and review papers dealing specifically with bacteria. Considerably less material has been accumulated on eukaryotes, apparently due to the absence of the fact of the cell self-digestion in most yeasts.
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  • 43
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 44
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 144-144 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 45
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 137-143 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The total amount of carbon dioxide (CD) produced by a microbial culture is evolved via an outlet gas stream, outflowing broth, and can lead to a rise of the CD content in broth. To analyze relations among the three amounts, the equilibrium is considered between different ionic forms of carbon dioxide at different pH values as well as between the gaseous and disolved CO2. Dependences of the equilibrium constants on temperature are found by a thermodynamic analysis. Numerical estimation of an error of the CD production rate measurement, originating from the neglect of dissolved CD, is developed. The gas analysis technique alone provides a sufficient accuracy at pH lower than 6. At higher pH the error can be estimated using equations presented below.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 46
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    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence of sucrose concentration on the specific ethanol production rate was studied during batch processes using the yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen Sc 5. From experimental data a model could be derived for the simulataneous effect of substrate and product inhibition. It was found that both the decreases of fermentation activity of the cells caused by sucrose and ethanol have an additional relation to each other. This model also takes into consideration the fact that the maximum ethanol concentration P′ can't be realized at high substrate concentrations in a batch process. Compared to it sucrose concentrations below 100 g/l did not inhibit the ethanol production by the strain used in this investigation.
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  • 47
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 162-162 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 48
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence of the osmotic pressure on the viability of yeast cells was studied in batch processes. It could be found, that the viability is a function of the total osmotic pressure obtained by adding the partial osmotic values of the principal ingredients saccharose, ethanol and salts dissolved in the medium. At optimum process conditions (pH, T, etc.) the cells can tolerate the osmotic pressure up to fixed value π1. Above π1 the viability decreases linearly and upward of a second threshold value π2 nonlinearly. In the case of the used strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen Sc 5 the values of the both points are π1 = 25 atm and π2 = 47 atm.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 49
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 50
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The stirred laboratory scale fermenter LF2 is a powerful device for fermentations with up to 3 liters culture broth [1]. It was designed in the Academy of Sciences of the C.S.S.R. and has found a rather wide application in a great number of organizations working in the fields of biotechnological education, research and industry in the G.D.R. and the C.S.S.R.The LF2-fermenter is well suitable for carrying out a broad manifold of aerated biotechnological works without contaminations in basic research and process development.The mechanic and electronic design gives a lot of room for the realization of special equipment variants like special-shaped reactor vessels or special electronic moduls for automatic control.
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  • 51
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    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 173-180 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: By use of a laboratory fermenter with a gastight circle aeration system all interesting values connected with the respiration of microorganisms can be determined.The advantage of the respiration fermenter is the simple control of the oxygen partial pressure with high accuracy. The aeration is carried out by inert gas-oxygen-mixtures. This system was used to avoid errors in oxygen-concentration measurement and regulation by oxygen sensitive sensors in fermentation fluids.For each selected oxygen partial pressure in the course of fermentation the following date in connection with all desired analytical values can be determined by manual or automatical means.Total oxygen consumption, momentary oxygen consumption rate, kinetics of oxygen consumption rate, kinetics of respiratory quotient.Several opportunities of measurement are presented and examples for application in various microbial systems are given.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 52
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 225-234 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The microbially mediated biochemical reactions that occur during anaerobic digestion processes for methane production from soluble carbon energy substrates are well known, but in spite of this, the interactions within the multi-species cultures responsible for the overall process require more detailed elucidation. When the process feed comprises mixed, solid, carbon energy substrates, as in the case of waste sewage sludge stabilization, many aspects of both the process biochemistry and microbiology are unresolved. This mini-review seeks to identify some of these unresolved questions, particularly with respect to operation at thermophilic temperatures.
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  • 53
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model of the process of aerobic fermentation in a tower fermenter devided in sections was established and examined by experiments.In this part data for the concentration of biomass, substrate and oxygen in the sections of the bioreactor at countercurrent moving of the phases were characterized.
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  • 54
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 250-250 
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    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 55
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 262-262 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstarct.
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  • 56
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 271-278 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental kinetic data (initial rate and high conversion) on the hydrolysis of cellobiose by 1,4-β-glucosidace (Gliocladium sp.) have been analysed and a competitive inhibition by glucose has been proposed. The determination of kinetic parameters from integral data is based upon algorithms for non-linear optimization and numerical integration. The values of kinetic constants \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$(v_{\max } = 1.02\frac{{\mu {\rm M}_{{\rm glucose}} }}{{{\rm mg}_{{\rm protein}} \cdot \min }},K_M = 2.6{\rm mM/l, and }K_P = 1.2{\rm mM/l)}$\end{document} agree well with the initialrate results. An important distinction is the confidence limit of parameters. Linear regression analysis shows a virtual accuracy and can lead to wrong conclusions.
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  • 57
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    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 279-284 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The accumulation of nucleic and protein (amino nitrogen) components as decomposition products of the process of autolysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells was studied at 50°C under the effect of various membranotropic additives. The influence of the added n-alcohols, n-fatty acids and several peptides was investigated in the range of concentration of 0.1-0.5 M. The maximal acceleration of the autolysis has been demonstrated under the effect of additives with a hydrophobicity of 7.5-8.5 ccal/M. In all the investigated concentrations stearic acid and octadecyl alcohol have an inhibitory influence. The role of the hydrophobic influences and the mechanism of autolysis are discussed.
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  • 58
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    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 362-362 
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    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 59
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 60
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 117-127 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The primary objectives in biological wastewater and sludge treatment processes are to procedure a minimum quantity of solid, stable residues and a maximum quantity of carbon dioxide from the organisms present in the process feeds. As far as minimizing solids production in activated sludge type processes is concerned, endogenous activity in the recycled biomass is usually considered to be the most important mechanism. However, increased understanding of the growth characteristics of mixed microbial cultures suggests that lysis and “cryptic” growth are probably dominant mechanisms. For pathogen destruction in treatment processes, death and subsequent lysis of pathogens are clearly events that must be promoted.Here, the kinetics for death, lysis and “cryptic” growth in aerobic wastewater treatment and aerobic sludge stabilization processes are examined.
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  • 61
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    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 207-211 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: During the submerged cultivation of Trichoderma sp. 414 on a medium with 2% cellulose containing plant substrats an enzyme system - exocellobiohydrolase (C1-enzyme), endogluconase (Cx-enzyme), β-glucosidase and xylase - catalizing the cellulose hydrolysis was synthesized. The process of enzyme biosynthesis by the microbial strain under the conditions of two-step cultivation in flasks was optimized.The influence of different sources of carbohydrate - avicel, micricel, maize stalk and straw - on the activity of the synthesized enzymes was studied. This activity depends on induction properties and the concentration of the used substrats. During the cultivation of Trichoderma sp. 414 on a medium containing avicel and wheat bran the activity of cellobiohydrolase reaches 40 U/ml and this of endogluconase - 520 U/ml. When the cultivation was performed on a medium containing wheat bran and straw the activity of xylanase reaches 240 U/ml.
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  • 62
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    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 215-218 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A hydrocarbon utilizing strain of Arthrobacter globiformis Lb isolated from local soil has been found to yield lysine 3.4 g l-1, keeping the medium optimal for pH, C- and N-sources. Addition of antibiotics and micronutrients to that optimal media stimulated cell growth and enhanced lysine yield.
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  • 63
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    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 219-219 
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    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 64
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 213-214 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Two methods were employed in order to concentrate a large volume of an extracellular enzyme mixture for lysis of yeast cell walls: ultra-short-time evaporation and ultrafiltration. In the case of ultra-short-time evaporation there was a loss of activity by temperature while by ultrafiltration a good concentration could be received.
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  • 65
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  • 66
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985) 
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    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 67
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  • 68
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    Notes: No Abstarct.
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  • 69
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    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 244-244 
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    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstarct.
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  • 70
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of different quantities and kinds of vegetable and animal oils and the importance of the time of the oil addition on growth and protease synthesis by T. vulgaris was investigated. The used oils stimulate the protease production if they are added in a suitable concentration. However, the stimulation effect of each oil is different. Culture inoculation with spores gives the best results, when oil was added to the medium 1 up to 2 hours after beginning of the fermentation. The enzyme activity is equal to or lower than the control, when the oil addition was carried out before or 3 hours after starting the fermentation.
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  • 71
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    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 297-308 
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    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: By combined application of chemical pretreatments, capillary gas-chromatography and mass spectrometry it was possible to enlighten the structure of atypical fatty acids with hydroxy groups and cyclopropane rings under the use of only a few of reference substances.The direct alkaline saponification of the sample with liberation of fatty acids and following methylation with boron trifluoride/methanol or diazomethane was proved to be the best method regarding to precision and speed of the sample cleanup.
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  • 72
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    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985) 
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    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 73
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  • 74
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: It has been demonstrated that strains of Bordetella pertussis used for vaccine production contain temperate phages. It can be conducted from many experiments performed in our laboratory. that 10-100 phages per 1010 bacteria are released. However, the production of bacterial mass is not markedly influenced by lysogeny.Strains of Bordetella bronchiseptica used for production of vaccine against Rhinitis atrophicans of pigs have temperate phages too. These phages may cause a complete lysis during a submerse cultivation.The phages of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica can be propagted on Bordetella parapertussis.
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  • 75
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The effects of pyrccarbonic acid diethyl ester (PADE) on Lactobacillus casei Sl and its phage Jl was investigated in relation to the control of phages in the dairy industry and other technica fermentation processes.PADE exhibited a bacteriostatic effect at 0.5 to 8 mM and a bactericidal effect at 10 mM or higher. It inhibited the growth of the phage at its bacteriostatic and bactericidal concentrations. The growth inhibition of the phage was reversible at the bacteriostatic concentrations but complete and irreversible at the bactericidal concentrations. PADE inactivated the free phage within several minutes; 10 and 30 mM of PADE inactivated 90 and 100%, respectively, of the phage. It completely decomposed into ineffective components in several minutes. The bacteria grew almost normally when they were inoculated after the complete decomposition of PADE.These four characteristics of PADE - its bactericidal effect, its inhibitory effect on phage growth, its phage-inactivating effect and its decomposition - suggest a novel strategy for phage control in technical fermentation processes, including the dairy industry.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 76
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    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 339-345 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Alcaligenes latus strain DSM 1123 has been tested for the production of Poly-D(-3)-3-hydroxybutyric acid using sucrose as the only carton source. The strain is capable of accumulating the polymer associated to the growth very fast and lup to high concentrations in the biomass. Alcaligenes lotus seems to be very interesting for the production of Poly-D(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate in a cheaper and easier way as with other organisms discussed for the biotechnological process in the past.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 77
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Although the carbon/energy ratios of heterotrophic substrates for microbial growth are different this is not reflected in biomass. Nevertheless the macromolecular composition of cells may vary in dependence on growth conditions this does hardly influence the elementary composition and the growth yield. The energy requirement for synthesis of biomass starting from a central precursor, e.g. phosphoglycerate, can be assumed to be constant, hence any differences in carbon conversion efficiency must be attributed to carbon catabolism up to this precursor. This sequence determines if and to what extent an auxiliary substrate effect is possible. However, one has also to consider changes of the P/O ratio due to simultaneous utilization of substratesd which may account for the increase in growth yield with Hansenula polymorpha growing on a methanol/glucose mixture.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 78
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 374-374 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 79
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Some properties of the pure aminoacids - the products of the microbiological synthesis as an object of drying are established by the experiments. It is shown that the vacuum-oscillating drying method is the effective solution of the technological problem of drying the Leucine, Isoleucine, Triptophan and Threonin. The mathematical model of this process is elaborated, whose adequacy is verified by experiments. This model may be used for technological calculations and for technology optimization.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 80
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    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 375-378 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Coimmobilized horseradish peroxidase and D-isocitrate dehydrogenase were fixed to an oxygen electrode to assemble a bienzyme electrode for isocitrate determination. The linear measuring range for isocitrate of the sensor is between 0.1 and 2.0 mmol. I-1, the coefficient of variation (20 measurements) is 3.6%. 8 samples per hour can be assayed. With one sensor preparation 140 measurements can be carried out.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 81
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    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 378-378 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 5 (1985), S. 379-381 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 83
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 6 (1985), S. 93-100 
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: heat shock ; phenocopy ; forked ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Heat shock uncovers the recessive forked phenotype when heterozygotes between f36a and wild-type are heated during sensitive periods in pupal development. We call the phenocopy of a mutant in such a heterozygote a heterocopy. The heterocopy in f36a/+ is virtually identical to the mutant phenotype; however, bristles on different parts of the body are affected during different sensitive periods. We discuss the hypothesis that the heat shock acts by affecting expression of the wild-type gene product corresponding to the mutant gene. The sensitive period for heterocopy induction in a specific tissue is proposed to correspond to the normal time of gene expression for the forked gene product in a particular tissue.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 85
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 6 (1985), S. 151-151 
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
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  • 86
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Dictyostelium discoideum ; revertants of stmF mutants ; cGMP metabolism ; cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase ; suppressor mutations ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: stmF mutants of Dictyostelium discoideum produce long, banded aggregation streams on growth plates and exhibit altered cGMP metabolism. To learn more about the role of cGMP in chemotaxis and the nature of the defect in these mutants, 15 nonstreaming (Stm+) revertants of two stmF mutants were isolated and characterized. Fourteen of the revertants continued to show the elevated cAMP-induced cGMP response and very low cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase (cGPD) activity characteristic of their stmF parents. Parasexual genetic analysis revealed that many of these Stm+ revertants carried phenotypic suppressors unlinked to stmF. One Stm+ revertant, strain HC344, exhibited a low, prolonged cGMP response and relatively high cGPD activity throughout development. To determine whether the elevated cGPD activity in this revertant resulted from increased enzyme production or enhanced enzyme activity, cGPDs were partially purified from the wild-type strain, the stmF parent and revertant HC344, and properties of the enzymes were compared. cGPDs from the stmF mutant and the revertant showed similar differences from the wild-type enzyme in kinetic properties, thermal stability, and sensitivity to certain inhibitors. These results suggest that stmF is the structural gene of the cGPD. In addition, the unusual cGMP response in revertant HC344 appeared to be due to increased production of an altered cGPD.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 87
    Electronic Resource
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 6 (1985), S. 293-293 
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
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  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 6 (1985), S. 239-246 
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; germ line ; somatic line ; pole cell transplantation ; mosaics ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The Drosophila melanogaster mutant fs(1)1304 is an ovary autonomous female sterile mutant that causes abnormal morphology of the egg. Vitellogenesis proceeds at an abnormally slow rate in homozygous females. We have used pole cell transplantation to construct germ line mosaics in order to determine whether the 1304 defect depends upon the genotype of the germ line cells (oocyte or nurse cells) or the somatic line (follicle cells). We have found that the germ line is the primary target tissue where the mutant gene is expressed.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 6 (1985), S. 269-280 
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: UV ; DNA repair ; photoreactivation ; algae ; dark repair ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The response of Volvox to ultraviolet irradiation was analyzed. Young individuals isolated from a synchronous culture were exposed to UV light (120 J/m2) and subjected to variable lenght periods of dark following irradiation. The major effect of the UV treatment was the inability of the gonidia present in the colonies at the time of irradiation to continue and complete the developmental program. Individuals show a heightened sensitivity to UV for a limited period immediately following inversion and are insensitive at other stages of development. The cytotoxic effect of UV during this interval is completely reversed by the immediate exposure to white light and is increased with longer periods of dark treatment prior to exposure to white light. The temporal profile of the sensitivity defines a smooth curve in which the maximal sensitivity occurs three hours after inversion. The response to higher doses of UV (up to 500 J/m2) is a nonlinear increase in cytotoxicity and is disproportionanately greater in those individuals just prior to the period of maximal sensitivity than those later in development. The results suggest that Volvox has at least two pathways for the repair of UV damage and that one of these, the principal dark repair pathway, is temporarily deficient in the gonidia of young individuals.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 90
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: ecdysteroid ; prothoracic gland ; temperature sensitive ; Drosophila ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The dominant temperature-sensitive mutation L(3)3DTS (DTS-3) in Drosophila melanogaster causes lethality of heterozygotes during the third larval instar at the restrictive temperature (29°C). Temperature-shift experiments revealed two distinct temperature-sensitive periods, with lethal phases during the third larval instar (which may persist for 4 weeks) and during the late pupal stage. At 29°C mutant imaginal discs are unable to evert in situ, but did evert normally if cultured in the presence of exogenous ecdysterone or when implanted into wild-type larval hosts. The only morphologically abnormal tissue present in the lethal larvae is the ring gland, the prothoracic gland being greatly hypertrophied in third instar DTS-3 larvae. Injection of a single wild-type ring gland rescued these mutant larvae, indicating that the mutant gland is functionally, as well as morphologically, abnormal. Finally, the mutant larvae were shown to have less than 10% of the wild-type ecdysteroid levels. These results are all consistent with a proposed lesion in ecdysteroid hormone production in DTS-3 larvae. A comparison with the phenotypes of other “ecdysone-less” mutants is presented.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 91
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 6 (1985), S. 179-197 
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: embryonic development ; phenocopies ; heat shock ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Heat shock of pre-adult Drosophila disrupts development and causes phenotypic abnormalities. Type of abnormality depends on developmental stage at time of shock. Defects probably result from disruption of stage specific processes by the heat shock response (which includes reduction of normal mRNA and protein production). This study uses heat shock to study stage specific processes in early development. Short, intense shocks (2-3 min, 42-43°C) are administered to carefully staged embryos within the first 5 h of development. Stage specific defects occur following shock at syncitial blastoderm or later. Abnormal segmentation follows shock at syncitial or cellular blastoderm. Segmentation is also disrupted by shocks 1 h after the onset of gastrulation, but not by shocks at the onset of gastrulation. Segmentation defects include phenocopies of pair rule mutants, which lack parts of alternate segments. Defective shortening of the germ band is common following shock at the onset of gastrulation. Germ band shortening normally occurs several hours after the time of shock; thus heat shock specifically affects control of a later developmental process. Development does not simply cease at the time of the distrupted process; rather a specific step in the developmental sequence is omitted or altered. Stage specific defects do not occur following pre-blastoderm shock. Pre-blastoderm eggs have few or no normal processes controlled by transcription, and poor ability to induce the heat shock response. This suggests that stage specific defects require disruption of transcription controlled processes. Pre-blastoderm eggs survive a 3-min shock less well than older eggs. The ability of older eggs to induce the heat shock response probably enhances survival. The mutant hairy was also investigated. Extreme alleles show a striking pair rule phenotype, while a weak allele does not. Heat shock of animals heterozygous or homozygous for the weak allele at blastoderm specifically increases the frequency of the extreme hairy phenotype. Thus heat shock may disrupt the same developmental process as is altered by the mutation.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 6 (1985), S. 257-268 
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Drosophila hydei ; cell death ; imaginal discs ; wing reduction ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cell death and its effect on wing size have been described in some wing mutants of Drosophila hydei. Dead cells in the imaginal discs were localized by Nile-bule and acridine-orange staining. Various Notch (N) alleles, the mutation Costal-nick (Cnk) and the compound N/Cnk show characteristic patterns of cell death in the imaginal wing disc. Some but not all of the structural features of the adult wing can be related to the site of cell death during larval stages. In NAx types, extensive cell death is followed by regenerative growth, invalidating a simple relation between size of the disk and size of the wing. In Nts/Cnk cell death and wing morphology depend on the breeding temperature. From temperature experiments we conclude that cell death starts between day 4 and 5 after egg laying and can be induced by a shift to the restrictive temperature during the critical phase. Patterns of wing incisions and cell death in Nts/Cnk genotypes seem not to be delimited by any of the known compartment boundaries.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 6 (1985), S. 295-296 
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 1 (1985), S. 25-38 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Cyclic AMP ; phosphoprotein phosphatase ; protein kinase ; suppressor ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The ppd1 mutant of yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was isolated as a suppressor of the cyr2 mutation which caused alteration of the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Three peaks of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity (peak I, II and III) were identified by DEAE-Sephacel chromatography of crude extracts of the wild-type strain. The ppd1 mutant was deficient in peak III phosphoprotein phosphatase activity. The peak III enzyme efficiently utilized the phosphorylated forms of NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase and trehalase as substrate. The ppd1 mutation did not suppress the cyr1, CYR3 or ras1 ras2 mutations. The ppd1 locus was located on chromosome II and had identical characteristcs with glc1. The ppd1 mutation suppressed the G1 arrest caused by nutritional limitation, but maintained sensitivity to mating pheromone. In diploids homozygous for the ppd1 mutation, no premeiotic DNA replication and commitment to intragenic recombination occurred and no spores were formed, suggesting that the accumulation of phosphorylated proteins in the absence of one of the phosphoprotein phosphatases is required for mitosis but not for the initiation of meiosis.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 95
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Heat shock ; translational control ; heterologous gene expression ; Saccharomyces ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Plasmid pPW229, containing the 2·25 kilobase transcribed sequence for the 70 000 Dalton heat shock protein of Drosophila,1 was integrated into plasmid CV13 and used to transform Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Upon a heat shock, at 41°C for 20 min, a new 70 000 Dalton protein appeared in the transformants. This protein was not detected in transformants grown at 23°C, nor in transfromants carrying the hybrid plasmid from which the structural gene for the 70 000 Dalton protein had been deleted. RNA was isolated from transromants grown at 23°C and from transformants heat shocked at 41°C. RNA complementary to the Drosophila heat shock gene was present in the transformants, grown either at 23°C or heat shocked. No complementary RNA was detected in yeast cells transformed with the hybrid plasmid from which the structural gene had been deleted. The Drosophila heat shock gene in yeast appears to be transcribed constitutively but translated only under heat shock conditions.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 96
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Apomictic sporulation ; meiosis restoration ; nucleo-mitochondrion interaction ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In an apomitic strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC 4117-H2) which undergoes a single nuclear division during sporulation and consequently forms asci containing two uninucleate diploid spores, a study was undertaken to investigate the effects of cultivation in three presporulation media (YPA; YNB; SMM) on nuclear division and ascoporogenesis in sporulation medium. Comparison of effects of presporulation culture in these media on the number of spores formed per ascus showed that a marked induction (30 ± 4·3 per cent) of three- and four-spored asci could occur in sporulation medium following cultivation in a defined YNB medium supplemented with a 1 per cent solution of vitamins and containing decreased ammonium sulphate and increased glucose levels. Experiments in which the concentrations of glucose and of ammonium sulphate were varied simultaneously indicated that the initial presporulation carbon to nitrogen source ratio is an important factor in determining tetrad formation in sporulation medium. Nuclear staining demonstrated two classes of asci: binucleate (one- and two-spored) and tetranucleate (three- and four-spored). Genetic evidence and data concerning effects of inclusion in sporulation medium of a meiotic inhibitor (glucose) indicated spores in tetrads were haploid rather than diploid. This ability to condition a significant number of cells for meiotic rather than apomictic differentiation made possible investigation of effects of mitochondrial inhibitors on both developmental processes simultaneously. It was found possible to selectively inhibit meiotic development by inclusion in sporulation medium of appropriate concentrations of specific inhibitors. Moreover, the data suggest meiotic sporulation is more strictly dependent than apomictic sporulation on mitochondrial function.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 97
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Killer ; virus-like particles ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: L-A-E double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), when introduced into cells carrying L-A-H and M2 dsRNAs, does not eliminate the L-A-H dsRNA, but (i) L-A-E does lower the copy number of L-A-H dramatically and (ii) L-A-E eliminates M2 dsRNA from the cell. That these two effects of L-A-E are related is shown by the fact that mutants of a strain carrying L-A-H and M2 selected for their resistance to exclusion of M2 by L-A-E [effect (ii)] have an altered L-A-H whose copy number is not lowered by L-A-E [effect (i)]. Although the L-A in K1 strains (L-A-HN in all cases examined) differs significantly both genetically and physically from the L-A in the K2 strain studied (L-A-H), the L-A-HN from the K1 strains can maintain M2 dsRNA, and the L-A-H from the K2 strains can maintain M1 dsRNA.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 98
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 1 (1985), S. 82-82 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 1 (1985) 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 100
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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