Library

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • 2000-2004
  • 1985-1989  (5,054)
  • 1940-1944
  • 1988  (5,054)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (3,199)
  • General Chemistry  (1,050)
  • Organic Chemistry  (765)
  • MRI
  • breast cancer
Material
Years
  • 2000-2004
  • 1985-1989  (5,054)
  • 1940-1944
Year
  • 1
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: breast cancer ; intra-arterial infusion ; chemotherapy ; local vein blocking
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Preoperative intra-arterial infusion neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, in combination with local vein blocking, was administered to thirtyone patients with locally advanced stage III breast cancer. The anti-cancer drugs and dosages used were 500 mg of 5-Fluorouracil (5FU), which was infused daily for 7–14 days, and 20 mg of Adriamycin (ADM), which was administered as a bolus dose twice into the subclavian and internal mammary arteries. The response rate of this method on the primary tumor was 48.4 per cent, and, histologically it was found to be as high as 90.3 per cent. The response rate of the clinical effects on the regional lymph nodes was 50.0 per cent, however, histologically, it was found to be lower than that of the primary tumor. In the long-term follow up study the 5-year survival rate was 72.2 per cent. Thus, this method seems to be effective as a combined modality in cases of locally advanced stage III breast cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: breast cancer ; immunocytochemical assay ; estrogen receptor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The variation in estrogen receptors (ER) between primary and regional nodal metastatic lesions was examined by an estrogen receptor immunocytochemical assay (ER-ICA) in 25 mammary carcinoma patients. The ER status was evaluated in terms of the percentage of ER positive stained cells, staining intensity and distribution of those stained cells. The overall ER status was consistent in both sites, however, the percentage of ER positive cells and the staining intensity were not always consistent. A decrease in the percentage of ER positive cells and staining intensity was demonstrated in the nodal metastatic lesions of 4 and 3 cases out of a total 14 ER positive cases, respectively. The mean percentage of ER positive cells in the nodal metastatic lesions was 57 per cent compared with 73 per cent in primary lesions. Thus, a tendency of both the percentage of ER positive cells and the staining intensity to decrease in nodal metastases as when compared with primary lesions in breast cancer was demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgery today 18 (1988), S. 687-693 
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Keywords: breast cancer ; chest wall reconstruction ; musculocutaneous flap
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ten patients, including 7 with local recurrent breast cancer, 2 with primary advanced cancer and 1 with radionecrosis, underwent chest wall resection and immediate reconstruction, using large pedicled skin flaps or musculocutaneous flaps. A rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap was used in 4 cases and a latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap was used in 1 case. The postoperative course of all the patients was uneventful and there was no incidence of flail chest or respiratory failure. The postoperative performance status and also the quality of life were improved in 9 of the 10 patients. Eight of the 10 patients are presently alive with or without disease, the longest survival time thus far being 8 years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 91 (1988), S. 37-41 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Cerebral arteriovenous malformation ; cerebral angiography ; intracerebral haemorrhage ; cryptic vascular lesions ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a personal series of 152 cerebral vascular malformations, 13 patients had small (less than 1 cm) parenchymal arteriovenous malformations (mAVMs) with small nidus or fistula and a single normalsized feeding artery and draining vein. All 13 patients presented with intracerebral haematomas (ICHs). The average age in this group was 31 years with no sex dominance; 8 patients had no antecedent symptoms. In 11 patients the small AMV could be demonstrated angiographically, with the remaining 2 malformations evident at surgery. In addition, all these mAVMs, being superficial (95% cortical), were surgically removable with no perioperative morbidity. They were not accessible by endovascular approach. This population group narrows the concept of occult vascular lesions if high quality angiographic studies are performed. mAVMs are by nature CT and MRI occult.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 92 (1988), S. 100-105 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Venous malformation ; cavernous malformation ; angioma ; angiographically occult AVM ; cryptic AVM ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Four cases of venous malformation associated with a cavernous malformation are reported. Because cavernous malformations are often angiographically occult and do not have a characteristic appearance on computed tomography (CT), they are seldom recognized preoperatively and may be missed if the surgical specimen is not carefully reviewed. This association, however, may not be rare and may explain the presence of symptomatic venous malformations. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is particularly sensitive in detecting cavernous malformations and is highly specific. It is recommended that every symptomatic venous malformation be worked-up with a high field strength MR Unit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 90 (1988), S. 136-138 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: TCD ; MRI ; anatomical measurements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This is the first investigation of distances, angles and locations of the vascular system in the posterior fossa. The distances from the skin surface of the neck, where a Doppler probe is positioned for transforaminal insonation, to the brainsystem have been measured in sagittal MRI pictures. The mean distance from the insonation point to the beginning of the basilar artery (BA) is 66.6 mm in males, 58.8 in femals. The distance to the end of the BA is 90.0 and 80.4, respectively. These distances are relevant for locating the vertebral and basilar arteries. The insonation angles to the VA and BA range from 20° to 30°. Correlations with Doppler findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 30 (1988), S. 155-159 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: MRI ; Rathke's cleft cysts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two of three patients who proved to have symptomatic Rathke's cleft cysts presented with visual field deficit and all with diabetes insipidus. CT showed intra- and suprasellar cystic low density lesions with ring enhancement. MR showed intra-and suprasellar masses. On the T1-weighted images two of the three had hyperintense portions similar to fat and the other a hyperintense portion similar to white matter within the cysts. These portions were isointense to brain on the T2-weighted images in all cases. This characteristic intensity on MR images provides differentiation from cystic pituitary adenomas and cystic craniopharyngiomas, and leads to correct diagnosis of Rathke's cleft cyst.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 30 (1988), S. 175-177 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Central pontine ; Myelinolysis ; Autopsy ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a fatal case of central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) a low field strength (0.08 Tesla) magnetic resonance image revealed reduction of image intensity in the pons with sparing of two central symmetrical areas in the ventral portion. The latter correlated with preservation of centrally located groups of longitudinal myelinated nerve fibres shown at autopsy. Although such sparing is well recognised in pathological studies of CPM it has never previously been demonstrated in life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 30 (1988), S. 224-231 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: CT ; MRI ; Germcell tumors ; Teratoma ; Pineocytoma ; Ependymoma ; Meningioma of the pineal region ; T2 calculation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ten patients with tumors of the pineal region underwent CT and MRI investigations. There were 3 germinomas, 3 teratomas and 1 of each of the following: pineocytoma, PNET, ependymoma and meningioma. Not only were tumor size and growth compared to CT, but an attempt was made to obtain knowledge of the histology of the tumor by special T2 calculations. The investigations did not lead to an improvement in type specific diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 30 (1988), S. 579-581 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Operculum syndrome ; Anterior opercular syndrome ; Foix-Chavany-Marie syndrome ; SPECT ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bilateral anterior opercular syndrome is clinically characterized by facio-pharyngo-glossomasticatory diplegia due to bilateral opercular lesions. Reported cases of the syndrome have been relatively rare probably because of difficulty in determining opercular damage on clinical symptoms alone. We report a case of this syndrome in whom bilateral opercular damage could be detected not by CT, but suggested by SPECT, and confirmed by MR imaging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 11
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: MRI ; Pituitary adenoma ; Gd-DTPA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this study was to assess the role of MR imaging and the paramagnetic contrast agent Gadolinium-DTPA(Gd-DTPA) in the diagnosis of pituitary macroadenomas. 44 macroadenomas were examined with MRI before and after intravenous application of Gd-DTPA. Gd-DTPA produced excellent enhancement of solid adenoma. The best contrast between adenoma and surrounding structures could be gained on post-Gd T1-weighted images. Post-Gd images were equivalent to pre-Gd images in the evaluation of supra-and infrasellar extensions of macroadenomas. Post-Gd images had advantages in the evaluation of cavernous sinus invasion by adenoma. The difference in degree of contrast enhancement between adenoma and cavernous sinus facilitated the exact evaluation of lateral extension by adenoma in 18 cases. Almost equal degree of enhancement of both structures impaired tumor-sinus contrast in 2 cases. In the other 24 cases the tumor filled the cavernous sinus completely. It is our opinion that Gd-DTPA can be used on a widespread basis because of its excellent capability to highlight and delineate pituitary adenomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 35 (1988), S. 685-685 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: morphine slow release tablets ; breast cancer ; respiratory depression ; case report
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Machine vision and applications 1 (1988), S. 169-174 
    ISSN: 1432-1769
    Keywords: measure theory ; computed tomography ; imaging ; NMR ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract We present a new medical imaging principle which allows reconstruction of images (from the output of a general digital imaging technology) whose contrast is based on a fundamentally different mathematical mechanism than that of standard images. These images have the useful property that they are capable of exhibiting high contrast between tissues which in currently produced images necessarily have low contrast. The meaning of these images, and their general place in the context of present image generation techniques, is most naturally expressed in the formalism of measure theory. The property actually imaged is derived from a probability measure associated with the mapping which expresses the output of the imaging technology. It also has a nonprobabilistic interpretation as a generalization of the Jacobian, specifically, the Radon-Nikodym derivative. In particular, unlike standard images, contrast is independent of the metric in the space of physical signals that the imaging technology associates with points of the region to be imaged. Images based on this approach using magnetic resonance input are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Investigational new drugs 6 (1988), S. 37-40 
    ISSN: 1573-0646
    Keywords: breast cancer ; breast carcinoma ; teniposide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The Southeastern Cancer Study Group performed a Phase II study of teniposide in previously treated patients with metastatic breast cancer. No responses were observed in 11 evaluable patients who received teniposide 60 mg/m2 by IV infusion for five consecutive days every three weeks. Toxicity was primarily gastrointestinal and hematologic and was frequently severe. This study demonstrated no therapeutic activity for teniposide when given in this dose and schedule to patients with heavily pretreated metastatic breast cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 15
    ISSN: 1573-0646
    Keywords: breast cancer ; Iproplatin ; CHIP ; phase II study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-five women with advanced breast cancer were treated in a phase II trial of iproplatin 275 mg/m2 administered intravenously every 4 weeks. All patients had measurable or evaluable indicator lesions, and had undergone treatment with no more than one previous chemotherapy regimen, including adjuvant chemotherapy. Two of the twenty-four evaluable patients (8%) experienced major therapeutic responses. One patient had a complete regression of pulmonary nodules lasting 18 + months; another had a partial regression of metastatic disease in the liver (4 months). The inevaluable patient was ineligible for the study because of previous radiation to the indicator lesions on her chest wall; nonetheless, she experienced a 10 month partial regression of those nodules. Myelosuppression was generally dose limiting; thrombocytopenia was more profound, but leukopenia was more prolonged. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and general malaise were prominent toxicities, and led to discontinuation of therapy in 4 patients. Iproplatin has limited activity in previously treated women with advanced breast cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 16
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: circulating immune complexes ; MMTV proteins ; breast cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 17
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: breast cancer ; brain metastasis ; patient characteristics ; survival after recurrence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The clinical course of 106 patients with brain metastases from breast cancer was retrospectively studied. Median time of survival after detection of intracranial metastases (SAR(ICM)) was 14 weeks (95% confidence limits: 10–19 weeks), and 25% of the patients survived for more than 37 weeks, while only 17% survived for one year. The occurrence of clinical, pathoanatomical and therapeutical variables in these patients were analyzed in a subgroup of 57 patients, who survived for less than 16 weeks, and compared with a subgroup of 49 patients, who survived for more than 16 weeks after detection of brain metastases. None of the variables studied were associated with either of the two prognostic groups. Patients with short SAR(ICM) had, however, a greater number of extra-cranial metastases at recurrence in the brain compared to patients with SAR(ICM) more than 16 weeks (p = 0.07). Patients with SAR(ICM) less than 16 weeks had a somewhat shorter recurrence-free interval (p = 0.22) and a significantly shorter time from primary diagnosis until detection of brain metastases (p = 0.04). Probably as a consequence of this, these patients had a shorter survival from primary diagnosis as well as from first recurrence. The findings may indicate that the differences in survival of patients with brain metastases are mainly due to differences in the rate of disease progression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 18
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; estrogen receptor ; progesterone receptor ; menopausal status ; immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Breast cancer tissue from 190 patients was studied for immunocytochemically reactive estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER, PR). Parallel cytosol ER and PR assays were performed on 159 of these patients using the dextran-coated charcoal (DCC) method. For the immunocytochemical determination, monoclonal antibodies to ER (ER-ICA kit) and PR were used in an immunoperoxidase procedure. Agreement between the two techniques in postmenopausal patients was better than in the premenopausal group (ER, kappa = 0.597 vs. 0.398; PR, kappa = 0.460 vs. 0.329). The median ER cytosol concentration in receptor-positive postmenopausal patients was significantly higher than in receptor-positive premenopausal patients (87 vs. 31 fmol/mg cytosol protein, p〈0.001). A similar trend was also found in the immunocytochemical ER assay (270 vs. 207 histoscore units, p〉0.05). Significantly higher cytosol ER contents were found in patients with low serum estradiol concentration. The proportion of ER-negative tumors was slightly higher in the premenopausal patients by both methods. In the PR assays (biochemical or immunocytochemical) there were no significant differences between the two patient groups in the proportion of PR-negative tumors or in the median PR content in PR-positive tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 19
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; cell kinetics ; estrogen receptor ; progesterone receptor ; prognosis ; proliferative index ; stage ; thymidine labeling index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We studied cellular proliferation by measuring the tritiated thymidine labeling index (TLI) in slices of primary invasive breast carcinomas. Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) were measured by ligand-binding assay. The TLI was a strong independent predictor of survival and relapse-free survival in women with or without axillary lymph nodal metastases and in American Joint Committee stage I. In operable node-negative women treated surgically, predicted survival at 5 years was 89 ± 4% (probability±standard error) for 81 patients with low TLI (⩽3%), 64 ± 7% for 101 with mid TLI (3.1 – 8%), and 66 ± 6% for 86 with high TLI (〉8%) (P = 0.001). Probabilities of survival for patients with positive axillary nodes were 79 ± 6% for 86 with low, 71 ± 7% for 71 with mid, and 52 ± 6% for 89 with high TLI (P = 0.0002). In stage I patients (tumor diameter not exceeding 2 cm), 5-year survival probabilities were 93 ± 4% in 70 with low, 72 ± 8% in 43 with mid, and 58 ± 10% in 35 with high TLI, (P = 0.0005). The TLI was predictive for survival and relapse-free survival within subgroups positive and negative for ER and positive for PgR (P〈0.05) in stage I patients, and a predictive trend was observed in the PgR-negative subgroup (P = 0.16). TLI also predicted within different categories of vascular invasion and nuclear grade. A stepwise Cox proportional hazards model selected TLI, number of positive axillary lymph nodes, and maximum diameter of the breast carcinoma as independent variables predictive of relapse, and added ER as a fourth variable for prediction of survival.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 20
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; tumor-associated antigens ; monoclonal antibodies ; serum markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An enzyme-linked immuno-absorbent assay has been developed for the detection of a circulating tumorassociated antigen, 90K, recognized by murine monoclonal antibody SP-2 (Iacobelliet al., Cancer Res 46: 3005–3010, 1986). This assay was found to be simple and reproducible. Using this method, 6% of 165 apparently healthy individuals and 15% of 91 patients with benign breast disease showed 90K levels above 1.7 units/ml. Approximately 50% of 129 patients with advanced breast cancer demonstrated serum antigen levels above 1.7 units/ml. All histological types of breast cancer were positive, and no association between the incidence of elevated 90K levels and other prognostic variables could be detected. The titers of 90K were significantly higher in sera from advanced-stage (3 and 4) patients than in those from patients with limited-stage (1 and 2) disease. Elevated 90K levels were also observed in patients with carcinomas of other sites, including gastrointestinal, gynecological, and lung tumors. By means of the immune blotting technique, the antigenic components carrying the determinants in serum and extracts of breast cancer cells have been identified. The levels of 90K did not correlate with those of CA 15-3 or CEA. The measurement of 90K in sera appears to be a useful adjunct to other available assays for the detection and monitoring of breast cancer and other malignant tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 21
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; conservative treatment ; mammography ; recurrent lumps
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A new lump in the breast following conservation treatment for early breast cancer may represent a recurrence of the disease or may be a benign lesion. Clinical evaluation of these lumps is often extremely difficult and, potentially, mammography would seem to be of great importance in the assessment. Between November 1981 and March 1986, 214 patients with operable breast cancers of 4 cm or less in diameter underwent conservative treatment. The conservation technique comprised synchronous excision of the primary tumour without a wide margin, axillary clearance, interstitial irradiation with iridium 192 (2000cGy), and subsequent external beam radiotherapy to the breast (4600cGy). After an average followup of 26 months, 17 patients developed a new lump in the treated breast necessitating further biopsy. Seven of these were malignant and 10 benign. In the latter category the most frequent finding was fat necrosis. Clinically, the lesions were indistinguishable from each other. The mammographic signs, which best predicted malignancy, were either of a mass or of a malignant type of microcalcification. This study illustrates the problems associated with deciding the nature of a new lump in the breast following conservation treatment. Mammography is complementary to physical examination, and a base-line mammogram six months after completion of therapy is helpful. Despite the use of mammography, biopsy is the only definitive way of excluding recurrence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 22
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; autocrine growth regulation ; estrogen action ; growth factors ; nude mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Estrogen receptor (ER)-negative MDA-231 human breast cancer cells have been shown to secrete high concentrations of several growth factors including transforming growth factor-alpha and insulin-like growth factor I, which could have important autocrine or paracrine growth regulatory functions and, additionally, could explain the rapid autonomous growth of these cells. In contrast, the hormone-responsive, ER-positive MCF-7 cells secrete low levels of these factors constitutively. Since estrogen treatment increases secretion of these growth factors in MCF-7 cells, it has been postulated that these growth factors mediate estrogen's growth effects through an autocrine mechanism. To test this hypothesis we reasoned that growth factors supplied by MDA-231 cells should support growth of MCF-7 cells in an estrogen-depleted environment. Inoculation of castrated female athymic nude mice with MDA-231 cells resulted in rapid tumor growth. However, MDA-231 tumors did not support growth of MCF-7 cells inoculated on the opposite flank by an endocrine mechanism; MCF-7 tumors required estrogen supplementation for growth. To determine if MDA-231 cells could support MCF-7 growth by a paracrine mechanism, various mixtures of the two cell lines were coinoculated at the same site in castrated or in estrogen-supplemented mice. ER was not detectable in tumors derived from a mixed inoculum, indicating the absence of MCF-7 cell growth. Furthermore, DNA flow cytometry of these tumors revealed only a single G1 peak representative of MDA-231 cells in estrogen-deprived mice. On the other hand, two distinct G1 peaks representing both MDA-231 and MCF-7 cells were detected in tumors grown in estrogen-supplemented mice. These data demonstrate that growth factors from estrogen-independent MDA-231 cells are not capable of replacing estrogen for growth stimulation of MCF-7 cells. Either estrogen-stimulated growth of MCF-7 cells requires other secreted factors not supplied by MDA-231 cells, or it involves a different mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 23
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; human tumor explants ; imaging ; mammary epithelial antigen ; monoclonal antibody ; nude mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A mouse monoclonal antibody (BLMRL-HMFG-Mc5) prepared against a defined cell surface antigen of human mammary epithelial cells, non-penetrating glycoprotein (NPGP), was used in imaging and distribution studies in athymic nude mice grafted with human breast tumors. Forin vivo tissue distribution studies,125I-labeled monoclonal antibody was injected into nude mice carrying simulated metastases of human tumors (breast and colon carcinomas). After 22–24 hr the amount of radioactivity per gram of tissue was 3–4 times higher in the breast tumor than in liver, brain, lung, muscle, or spleen. In contrast, colon carcinoma tissue, grafted and treated likewise, did not show higher accumulation of radioactivity relative to other tissues. At 4 days, the incorporation in breast tumors remained almost as high, while the circulating radioactive tracer and the incorporation in tissues other than breast had fallen significantly. In tumor imaging studies, breast tumor masses as small as 4 mm in diameter were clearly localized on a whole body scan using131I-labeled BLMRL-HMFG-Mc5 antibodies with a High-Purity germanium gamma camera. Normalization of131I-distribution to that of99mTc-pertechnetate increased the specificity of this imaging methodology. The quantitative density of131I-label was 2–3 fold higher over the breast tumor than over comparable areas of the mouse. No positive localization images were obtained for similar implants of colon and lung carcinomas or melanomas after injections of131I-labeled BLMRL-HMFG-Mc5. Localization of human breast tumors in this model can be achieved with131I-labeled anti-breast epithelial monoclonal antibodies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 24
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; estradiol ; ovarian irradiation ; prednisolone ; sex hormone binding globulin ; tamoxifen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) was measured in 21 pre and 39 postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer before treatment and 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after ovarian irradiation or during continuous administration of tamoxifen at a dose of 10 mg twice daily, respectively; some patients received additional prednisolone at a dose of 5 mg twice a day. Ovarian irradiation was associated with a 25% reduction in serum SHBG levels 3 to 6 months after treatment whilst patients on tamoxifen experienced a rise of about 80% in serum SHBG levels after 1 to 3 months. In postmenopausal women prednisolone markedly dampened the effect of tamoxifen, reducing a 80% rise to about 20%. There was no relationship between SHBG levels and response to treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 25
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; chemotherapy ; cisplatin/5-fluorouracil synergism ; salvage therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 24 patients with a median of 3 prior chemotherapy regimens were treated in our department with cisplatin 20 mg/m2 (with pre- and posthydration) and 5-fluorouracil 200 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1–5, every three weeks. 23 patients are evaluable; one had early death. 4 patients (17%) achieved a partial response, 8 had stable disease, and 11 progressed. Toxicity observed was moderate and no renal toxicity was noted. This study therefore shows tolerable toxicity but limited usefulness of adding cisplatin to 5-fluorouracil according to this schedule in these highly pretreated patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 12 (1988), S. 45-49 
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; EGF binding ; growth rate ; mitoses ; nodal status
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Number of mitoses and EGF binding were determined in parallel in biopsies of 27 lymph-node positive and of 23 lymph-node negative breast cancer patients. For node-positive patients the parameters for cell growth and EGF binding were quantitatively correlated by the equation y = P3 + P1(1 − exp( − P2x)). For node-negative cases neither the non-linear model nor the linear approximation described the data unambiguously. The results strongly suggest that in node-positive patients, growth of breast cancer is related to an EGF-dependent acceleration of cell division.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 27
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: adjuvant chemotherapy ; breast cancer ; CMF ; randomized trial ; steroid receptors ; tamoxifen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of a randomized trial achieved in a single centre (Fondation Bergonié, Bordeaux, France) was to compare chemotherapy alone (intravenous CMF) versus chemotherapy and hormonotherapy (CMF plus tamoxifen — 30 mg per day during 2 years), for patients with stage II breast carcinoma and positive values of estrogen and/or progesterone receptor (EPR) (〉10 and 〉15 fmoles mg protein−1 respectively). Three hundred and thirty four women treated by surgery ± radiotherapy are included in this trial from 06.01.81 to 12.31.84. No patient is lost for follow-up. Eight are excluded. Three hundred and twenty six patients are evaluable with a 38 month median follow-up. For EPR assay, the dextran charcoal micromethod was used in the same centre. The two groups are identical as far as age, hormonal status, TNM, EPR values, and histological features are concerned. Analysis of results shows a significant improvement of relapse free survival (p = 0.018) and also overall survival (p = 0.04) for the CMF + tamoxifen group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 28
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: tamoxifen ; fluoxymesterone ; danazol ; breast cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A prospective randomized trial of tamoxifen and fluoxymesterone versus tamoxifen and danazol in metastatic breast cancer was conducted from December 1980 to September 1985. Patients were eligible regardless of site of disease, estrogen receptor status, or age. Sixty-two of sixty-three randomized patients were evaluable for response. Overall response for tamoxifen and fluoxymesterone was 11% with 61% stabilization of disease, versus 12% response rate for tamoxifen and danazol with 59% stabilization. Toxicities with tamoxifen and fluoxymesterone were greater with an increase in masculinization. We conclude that the response rates to the combinations of tamoxifen and fluoxymesterone or tamoxifen and danazol reported are equivalent in this study but that the increased toxicity with tamoxifen and fluoxymesterone would make tamoxifen and danazol the treatment of choice if a combination were to be used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 12 (1988), S. 205-211 
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; tumour age ; tumour growth rate ; tumour stage ; survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A new method of characterizing breast carcinomas is presented that may help further our understanding of this disease. A tumour age coefficient is described, derived from tumour diameter and the mean nuclear area of the tumour cells, the latter a measure of tumour growth rate. On this basis a series of 213 operative infiltrating breast carcinomas is divided into 3 tumour age groups (young, old, and very old). These are then related to axillary nodal status and the patient's age at operation. The likelihood of nodal spread is shown to increase with tumour age. This is interpreted as an expression of a build-up of tumours that have spread with time. There was no set tumour age by which metastatic spread could be expected, but some indication of a lower age limit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 30
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: aromatase inhibitor ; 4-hydroxyandrostenedione ; antiandrogen ; flutamide ; steroid metabolism ; DMBA-induced rat mammary tumors ; breast cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumors in the rat as model, comparison was made of the effect of treatment for 20 days with the aromatase inhibitor 4-hydroxyandrostenedione (4-OH-A) (7.5 mg, twice daily) or the antiandragen flutamide (5 mg, twice daily) on tumor growth as well as on plasma and tumor content of estrogens, androgens, and their precursors and metabolites. Tumor number and size were markedly decreased following treatment with either drug, the effect of treatment being more important on size than number, and on new tumors which developed during treatment than on tumors already present at start of treatment. Treatment with the aromatase inhibitor 4-OH-A caused a parallel decrease in plasma and tumor levels of pregnenolone (Preg), progesterone (P), and 17-OH P, while there was a marked increase in dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol (Δ5-diol), androstenedione (Δ4-dione), testosterone (T), androstane-3α, 17β-diol (3α-diol), and androstane-3β, 17β-diol (3β-diol), with no significant change in dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and 17β-estradiol levels. The marked increase in tissue T content coupled to a decrease in P levels could well contribute to the inhibition of tumor growth induced by 4-OH-A. Flutamide, on the other hand, caused a marked fall in plasma and tissue levels of Preg, 17-OH Preg, P, and 17-OH P, with no significant change in the concentration of the other steroids, thus suggesting a possible role of the fall in tissue P levels in the inhibition of tumor growth. Since both drugs are potent inhibitors of DMBA-induced tumor growth in intact animals, better knowledge of their mechanism of action should add to our understanding of the multiple endocrine factors controlling the growth of these tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 11 (1988), S. 31-36 
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; cell kinetics ; hormone receptors ; hormonetherapy ; prognostic factors ; thymidine labelling index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The relationship between cell kinetics and hormonal status and the relevance of the cell kinetic variable on success of hormonetherapy in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast tumors were analyzed in patients with advanced disease. Cell kinetics were evaluated as in vitro3H-thymidine labeling index (LI), and estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) with the dextran-coated charcoal technique. The analyses performed on primary tumor or soft tissue metastases from 52 patients showed a general association between the presence of hormone receptors and low proliferative activity, or the absence of receptors and high proliferative activity (ER and L.I.: p〉0.05; PgR and L.I.: p = 0.05). However, hormonal status and cell kinetic status were unrelated in about 40% of the cases. Clinical response to additive hormonotherapy was analyzed in relation to pretreatment LI in 29 patients with ER+ tumors. Time to reach maximum response was significantly longer in slow than in fast proliferating tumors, but complete remission was reached in 88% of slow proliferating tumors compared to only 46% of fast proliferating tumors. These preliminary results show that ER+ fast proliferating tumors largely escape hormonal control, and if confirmed on larger series, could identify cell kinetics as an important tool to select patients who will benefit from hormonal treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 11 (1988), S. 249-254 
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: biochemical markers ; recurrence ; breast cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In 141 postmenopausal node-positive patients with primary breast cancer, routine biochemical markers (alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, carcinoembryonic antigen), and chest x-ray, in combination with history and clinical examination, have been performed at 3 monthly intervals for at least 2 years. Sixty one patients relapsed at a median time of 14 months. The recurrence was detected at routine follow-up in 40 (66%) patients. Of these 40 patients, 26 (65%) presented with symptoms, 11 (28%) were asymptomatic but were found to have relapsed on clinical examination, and only 3 (8%) had their relapse diagnosed on the basis of an abnormal chest x-ray. The remaining 21 patients presented early with symptoms. Therefore symptoms and clinical examination accounted for the detection of relapse in 58 of the 61 (95%) patients. Of the patients who had relapsed, 49% (30 of 61) had one or more abnormal markers/chest x-rays prior to relapse, rising to 79% (48 of 61) at the time of relapse. Of 80 patients with no evidence of recurrence, 36% (29) had no marker abnormality recorded, whereas in 64% (51) one or more abnormalities were found. These results suggest that history and examination are the important procedures in follow-up, and that abnormal markers are not always due to metastatic disease and may be misleading.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 11 (1988), S. 273-276 
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; CA 15.3 ; CEA ; circulating antigens ; sensitivity ; serum markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 211 patients with various stages of breast cancer were studied by both the CA 15.3 and CEA markers to assess whether the latter may increase the screening sensitivity of the former. While both markers were equally specific, CA 15.3 was seen to be much more sensitive than CEA (p〈0.0001). Also, the addition of the CEA did not add appreciably (7%) to positive detection by CA 15.3. There appears to be no advantage to including CEA in a marker panel to follow the course of breast carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 12 (1988), S. 75-79 
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: adjuvant therapy ; breast cancer ; endocrine therapy ; lymphocytes ; tamoxifen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The blood lymphocyte population was studied in 23 breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant tamoxifen for 1.5–2 years, and in an equal number of control patients. The size and cellular composition of the blood lymphocyte population, as assessed by monoclonal antibodies directed against various subsets, did not differ between the two patient groups. However, lymphocytes from the tamoxifen-treated patients exhibited a significantly lower NK activity against K562 cells. In contrast, the proliferative response of lymphocytes to ConA was significantly higher. These results indicate that tamoxifen may modulate the immune system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 35
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; steroid receptors ; prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The importance of steroid receptors for the prognosis of mammary carcinoma has been evaluated by investigating the course of disease in 163 patients for a median follow up time of 66 months after mastectomy. Multivariate analysis including estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), the presence of 8S and 4S ER together or 4S ER only, and the lymph node status revealed only the latter to have significant (p〈0.001) predictive potency. Lymph node positive (N-pos) patients had a 3.3 (1.7–6.2) fold risk of death and 2.8 (1.7–4.7) fold risk of recurrence relative to node negative (N-neg) patients. When we compared overall survival (OAS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in the various receptorpositive groups with the groups that displayed neither ER nor PgR, significant differences in prognosis were only seen in N-neg patients. PgR did not turn out to be a better prognostic factor than ER, nor was the 8S ER a sing of increased OAS and DFS compared to total ER. However, the number of patients in this group was too small to allow a definite statement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 12 (1988), S. 213-225 
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: androgens ; antiestrogen ; antiandrogen ; androgen receptor ; estrogen receptor ; breast cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study describes the inhibitory effect of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT) and its precursors testosterone (T) and androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (Δ4-DIONE) on the growth of the estrogen-sensitive human breast cancer cell line ZR-75-1. In the absence of estrogens, cell proliferation measured after a 12-day incubation period was 50–60% inhibited by maximal concentrations of 5α-DHT, T, or Δ4-DIONE with half-maximal effects (IC50 values) observed at 0.10, 0.15 and 15 nM, respectively. This growth inhibition by androgens was due to an increase in generation time and a lowering of the saturation density of cell cultures. The antiestrogen LY156758 (300 nM) induced 25–30% inhibition of basal cell growth, its effect being additive to that of 5α-DHT. The mitogenic effect of 1 nM estradiol (E2) was completely inhibited by increasing concentrations of 5α-DHT with a potency (IC50 = 0.10 nM) similar to that measured when the androgen was used alone. E2 had a more repid effect on cell proliferation than 5α-DHT, the latter requiring at least 5 to 6 days to exert significant growth inhibition. As found in the absence of estrogens, maximal inhibition of cell proliferation in the presence of E2 was achieved by the combination of the antiestrogen and 5α-DHT. Supraphysiological concentrations of E2 (up to 1µM) were needed to completely reverse the growth inhibitory effect of a submaximal concentration of 5α-DHT (1 nM). The antiproliferative effect of androgens was competitively reversed by the antiandrogen hydroxyflutamide, thus indicating an androgen receptor-mediated mechanism. The present data suggest the potential benefits of an androgen-antiestrogen combination therapy in the endocrine management of breast cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 37
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The effects of the nature of the polyols used in polyurethane (PUR) synthesis on the structural transformations after ageing by UV irradiation has been studied. The investigations were performed on PUR prepared from polyester and polyether diol oligomers.The characterization of the samples before and after ageing in view of the structural changes, which influence the course of the photooxidative degradation and photocrosslinking as well as in view of changes of mechanical properties has been done. Comparative investigations were performed by spectroscopic and viscometric measurements.The results show pronounced heterogeneity of the degradative reactions, including the existence of crosslinking processes and producing thus very inhomogeneous polymeric material. The course and the intensity of photooxidative degradation of PUR differ together with changes of mechanical properties depending whether polyester or polyether polyol have been used. The processes of photooxidative degradation is less expressed in polyesterurethane then in polyurethane based on polyether, under the same conditions of experiments. Different structures of polyester diols caused the various ageing behaviour of PUR too.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 38
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: QUALIFICATION OF HALS COMPOUNDSA complex method of examination has been developed suitable for the qualification of light stabilizers; by this method, according to experience, the efficacy of HALS compounds can be extensively and expediently characterized.Several light stabilizers of the HALS-type were examined and qualified, used alone or together with a UV-absorber.It has been found that, when selecting the appropriate structure for a given polymer, the weatherability of polyolefine foils is effectively increase to six-eightfold; the increase is even tenfold when the stabilizer is combined with a benzophenone-type compound.As a utilization of these experiences, a contract with the industry, led to the production of an LDPE based agricultural foil with a life-time of several years.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 39
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Natural hail impact tests are scarcely available because hailstorms are limited to a small area and cannot be predicted regarding time, place and intensity. Therefore we relied on laboratory tests simulating natural hailstones by polyamide balls (5-50 mm dia.) whose final velocity could be varied according to meteorological data. So the influence of diameter (weight) and velocity of the artificial hailstones could be taken into consideration independently.The energy of damage or equivalent natural hailstone diameter were determined for 16 mm double skin sheet from PMMA as 0.2 J (14 mm dia.) for star shaped cracks and 2 J (26 mm dia.) for holes. These values do not significantly decrease after 10 years weathering. 10 mm double skin sheets from PC show an extremly high energy of damage of abt. 10 J (38 mm dia.) which decreases to a medium level of 2 J (26 mm dia.) after several years weathering. This decrease is remarkably reduced by weather resistant protective coating.As hailstorms consist to more than 80% of hailstones below 10 mm dia. (0.04 J) the mentioned sheet materials are quite hail resistant also after long weathering periods, but they cannot withstand an extreme hail catastrophe as in Munich July 12, 1984.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 40
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The influence of the specimen temperature on many ageing processes is well known. Two aspects is dealt with: -Measurements of the specimen temperature on several positions of a specimen in commercial weathering devices at different exposure conditions. Technical measures to achieve to uniform ageing at all positions of a planar and homogeneous specimen. Examples from practical use.-Changing specimen temperatures (+60°C to -20°C) during the course of accelerated weathering, i.e. a combination of conventional accelerated weathering with a temperature cycle test.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 41
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: An Folien (Dicke 100 pm) aus isotaktischem Polypropylen mit verschiedenen Antioxidansgehalten (0,0% bis 0,1%) wird die thermooxidative Alterunq mit der isothermen Langzeit-Differential-Thermo-Analyse (ILDTA) bis zu Temperaturen weit unter dem Kristallitschmelzbereich verfolqt und die Messwerte mit Ergebnissen aus dem Zeitstand-Zugversuch korreliert. Dabei zeigt sich, daß aus Messunqen mit der ILDTA bereits vor Einsetzen der autokatalytischen Zersetzunq sreaktion Ruckschlüsse auf die thermische Vorqeschichte der Proben und Aussagen auf das rnit einem Abfall der mechanischen Eigenschaften verbundene Ende der thermo-oxidativen Stabilität des Polymeren getroffen werden können.Weiters bietet die ILDTA die Moglichkeit, durch den direkten Zusamenhang zwischen Oxidationszeit und Antioxidansögehalt die örtliche Stabilisatorverteilung in Platten und in Folien zu bestimmen und damit Diffusionsvorqange zu verfolgen.
    Notes: Thermo-oxidative ageing processes were investigated in films (100 μm thick) made from isotactic polypropylene with different antioxidant concentrations between 0% and 0.1% using isothermal long-term differential thermal analysis (ILDTA). The end of the oven life of polypropylene coincided with the loss of mechanical properties which was confirmed by tensile tests at temperatures far below the crystallite melting range. Already prior to the beginning of autocatalytic decomposition, ILDTA experiments permits conclusions to be drawn on the thermal history of the specimens and statements made regarding the end of thermo-oxidative stability of the polymer, which is accompanied by a deterioration in the mechanical properties.In consequence of the correlation between oxidation time and antioxidant concentration the local antioxidant concentration in sheets or films can be measured by ILDTA. Thus, investigating the diffusion of an antioxidant in polypropylene using ILDTA is possible.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 42
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Größenverteilungsfunktion von Dispersionen mit extrem breiter Verteilung (Durchmesserbereich 20 〈 D 〈 2000 nm) kann in der analytischen Ultrazentrifuge (AUC) nicht durch eine Standardmethode, z. B. durch Messung der Trübung τ bei einer einzigen Konzentration, bestimmt werden, weil sich die spezifische Trübung τ/c von sehr kleinen und sehr großen Teilchen zu stark unterscheidet. Um dieses Problem zu lösen, haben wir eine neue AUC-Technik, die sogenannte Coupling-PSD-Technik entwickelt. Dabei werden zwei unterschiedliche Konzentrationen derselben Dispersion gleichzeitig in einem einzigen AUC-Lauf vermessen und zwei korrespondierende Lichtintensitiit-Zeit-Kurven aufgezeichnet. Bei einer niedrigen Standardkonzentration cs werden hauptsachlich die größeren Teilchen erfaßt während bei einer 5 bis 30 mal heheren Konzentration ch vor allem die kleineren Teilchen registriert werden. Die beiden I(t)-Kurven werden mathematisch verkniipft und unter Verwendung des Stokeschen Gesetzes und der Streutheorie von Mie für homogene isotrope Kugeln in die gesuchte breite Verteilungsfunktion umgerechnet. Wir benutzen eine mit einem 8-Zellen-Rotor und einem Multiplexer ausgestattete AUC. Da sehr groBe und sehr kleine Teilchen gleichzeitig in einem einzigen Zentrifugenlauf bestimmt werden, kennen wir nicht mehr wie zuvor eine konstante Rotorgeschwindigkeit N anwenden, sondern miissen diese mit Hilfe eines Geschwindigkeitsprogramms N(t) innerhalb einer Stunde von 0 auf 40000 U/min erhehen.
    Notes: The particle size distribution (PSD) of extremely broad distributed dispersions (diameter range 20 〈 D 〈 2000 nm) is not possible to be measured by analytical ultracentrifuge (AUC) using the standard technique, i.e. measuring turbidity τ at a single concentration c, because the specific turbidity τ/c varies too much between very small and very large particles. To solve this problem we have developed a new AUC technique, the so-called Coupling-PSD-Technique. Here two different concentrations of the same dispersion are measured simultaneously by one single AUC run with two corresponding curves of light intensity I vs. time t being registered. At a low standard concentration cs, mainly the larger particles are detected, while at a concentration ch 5 to 30 times higher mainly the smaller particles are registered. Both I(t)-curves are coupled mathematically and transformed into the requested broad distribution curve employing Stokes' law and Mie's light scattering theory for homogeneous isotropic spheres.We use an AUC together with an 8-cells-rotor and a multiplexer. Because very large and very small particles are to be measured simultaneously in one single run, we can no more apply a constant rotor speed N as before, but by means of a time program N(t) we always have to increase the rotor speed from 0 to 40000 rpm within one hour.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 162 (1988), S. 135-148 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die chemische Modifizierung von Polyvinylchlorid (PVC) durch ein Amin verleiht dem Polymeren höhere Reaktivität gegenüber der Pfropfcopolymerisation mit einem Vinylmonomeren. Die Pfropfcopolymerisation von Methylmethacrylat auf mit n-Butylamin modifiziertes PVC wurde thermisch mit Benzoylperoxid (Bz2O2) als Initiator oder photoaktiviert mit Benzophenon (BP) als Photosensibilisator gestartet. Das aus bestimmten Experimenten erhaltene rohe Polymerprodukt wurde durch fraktionierte Fällung in die verschiedenen Bestandteile wie Polymethylmethacrylat (PMMA, Homopolymeres), PVC-g-PMMA (Pfropfcopolymeres) und unverändertes (aminiertes) PVC aufgespalten. Die getrennten Fraktionen wurden mit Hilfe der IR-Spektroskopie und der Thermogravimetrie charakterisiert. Der Mechanismus der Pfropfcopolymerisation von den beiden verschiedenen Systemen wurde erörtert. In beiden Fällen wurden Pfropfausbeuten um 30 - 70%* und Pfropfcopolymerzusammensetzungen, PMMA/PVC (w/w) zwischen 2 und 3 erhalten.
    Notes: Chemical modification of poly(vinyl chloride), PVC, by an amine renders the polymer more reactive towards graft copolymerization with a vinyl monomer. The graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) on PVC modified by treatment with n-butylamine (n-BA) was started thermally at 30° using benzoyl peroxide (Bz2O2) as initiator and under photoactivation at 40° using benzophenone (BP) as photo sensitizer. The gross polymer products from selected experiments were fractionally separated into the constituent polymeric entities viz., poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA (homopolymer), PVC-g-PMMA (graft copolymer), and unreacted (aminated) PVC following a method of fractional precipitation. The separated fractions were characterized by IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. The mechanisms of graft copolymerization for the two different systems have been discussed. In each case, grafting efficiencies of the order of 30-70% and graft copolymers having compositions given as PMMA/PVC (w/w) equal to 2-3 were readily obtained.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 162 (1988), S. 193-201 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Eine Reihe oberflächensulfonierter, makroporöser Styrol-Divinylbenzol-Copolymerer mit unterschiedlichen Gehalten an SO3H-Gruppen wurden hergestellt. Sowohl von diesen Copolymeren als auch vom nichtsulfonierten Copolymeren wurden Porenstruktur, Oberflächenhydrophilie und -polarität sowie das Sorptionsverhalten gegenüber einigen in Blut vorkommenden Substanzen bestimmt. Der Sorptionsgrad wird umso kleiner, je größer die Oberflächenpolarität ist. Die teilsulfonierten Polymeren könnten eine Anwendung in der Hämoperfusion finden.
    Notes: A series of surface sulphonated macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene (S-DVB) copolymers containing various amounts of  - SO3H groups was obtained. Porous structure, surface hydrophilicity and polarity, and sorption properties of these copolymers as well as those of starting S-DVB resin towards some substances which are present in blood were determined. The sorption degree becomes the smaller the higher is the surface polarity. The partially sulphonated copolymers may find an application in hemoperfusion.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 45
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der Einfluß einer chemischen Behandlung von dünnen Filmen einer Composit-Membran aus sulfoniertem Polyphenylenoxid wurde untersucht. Über den Einfluß der Konzentration von wáßrigen Lösungen von Formaldehyd, Schwefelsäure, Salzsäure, Phosporsäure, Natriumhydroxid sowie der Behandlungsdauer auf die Trenncharakteristik der inversen Osmose der Composit-Membranen mit einer Ionenaus-tauschkapazität von 2,14 und 2,50 meq/g in verschiedenen Kombinationen wird ausführlich berichtet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß unter den besten chemischen Behandlungsbedingungen eine Erhöhung der Trenncharakteristik der inversen Osmose der sulfonierten Polyphenylenoxid/Polysulfon-Composit-Membran erreicht wird.
    Notes: The effect of chemical treatment on the reverse osmosis (RO) separation characteristics of sulfonated poly(phenylene oxide) (SPPO) thin film composite membranes was investigated. The effects of the concentrations of aqueous solutions of formaldehyde, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide, and treatment time on the RO separation characteristics of the composite membranes with ion exchange capacity (IEC) of 2.14 and 2.50 meq/g in various combinations are reported in detail. The results indicate some enhancement in RO separation characteristics of the SPPO/polysulfone (PS) composite membrane under the best conditions of the chemical treatment.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 46
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Bei der Herstellung dünner Filme von sulfonierten Polyphenylenoxid/Polysulfon (SPPO/PS)-Composit-Membranen wurde untersucht, daß ein Zusatz von Nitromethan zu einer Lösung von sulfoniertem Polyphenylenoxidnatrium erhöhte Wirkung auf die Trenncharakteristik der inversen Osmose besitzt. Der Einfluß von gamma-Strahlung auf dünne Filme der Composit-Membran unter nassen und trockenen Bedingungen wurde ebenfalls untersucht. Um die maximal mögliche Verbesserung zu erreichen, wurden die Composit-Membranen einer kombinierten chemischen und Gammastrahlen-Behandlung unter nassen und trockenen Bedingungen unterworfen.Die experimentellen Ergebnisse dieser kombinierten Behandlung zeigen, dalß die SPPO/PS Composit-Membran dabei abgebaut wird.
    Notes: The enhancement effect of the addition of nitromethane into the coating solution of sulfonated sodium poly(phenylene oxide) (SPPONa) polymer for the synthesis of sulfonated poly(phenylene oxide)/polysulfone (SPPO/PS) thin film composite membranes on reverse osmosis (RO) separation characteristic was studied. The effect of gamma-ray irradiation on the SPPO/PS thin film composite membranes was also evaluated when the membrane samples were in the wet and dry conditions. The composite membranes were also subjected to a chemical treatment combined with gamma-ray irradiation in both wet and dry conditions in the hope of obtaining the maximum possible enhancement under each treatment. However, the experimental data of this combined treatment indicated the possibility of some degradation of the SPPO/PS composite membranes.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 163 (1988), S. 37-45 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Mischungen aus Poly(styrol-co-butadien)/Polybutadien, Naturkautschuk/Poly-(ethylen-co-propylen-co-dien und Naturkautschuk/Poly(butadien-co-acrylnitril)) wurden nach drei unterschiedlichen Verfahren compoundiert und Härtungsverhalten sowie Zugfestigkeit und Bruchdehnung der Vulkanisate wurden verglichen.
    Notes: Compounding of styrene-butadiene copolymer/polybutadiene, natural rubber/ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer and natural rubber/butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer blends was done in three different ways and their curing behaviour and the tensile properties of the vulcanizates are compared.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 48
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Methylmethacrylat (MMA) wurde mit Hilfe von Cerammoniumnitrat als Initiator auf Stärke gepfropft. Die Pfropfcopolymeren wurden durch selektive Lösungsextraktion in einem Soxhlet-Extraktor isoliert. Der Einfluß von Reaktionszeit, Initiatorkonzentration, Temperatur sowie der Monomer- und Särekonzentration auf die Pfropfausbeute wurde untersucht. Eine erste Studie der Kinetik dieser Pfropfcopolymerisationsreaktion zeigt, daß sie dem üblichen kinetischen Verhalten einer Radikalpolymerisation folgt.
    Notes: Methyl methacrylate (MMA) was grafted onto starch using ceric ammonium nitrate as initiator. The graft copolymers were isolated by selective solvent extraction in a Soxhlet apparatus. The effects of reaction time, initiator concentration, temperature, monomer, and acid concentrations on the graft yields were investigated. A preliminary kinetic study of the graft copolymerisation reactions shows that they follow the conventional kinetic behaviour of free radical polymerisation.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 163 (1988), S. 47-61 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Durch Verwendung von Phenol-Formaldehyd-Harz mit gepreßten Olivenkenen im Gewichtsverháltnis 20/80 wurden kleine zylindrische Formkörper durch Härtung hergestellt. Diese wurden pyrolysiert und einige Proben mit Wasserdampf aktiviert. Für diese Formkörper und für zwei kommerzielle Aktivkohlen für Laboratoriumsbzw. Industrie-Anwendungen wurden folgende Eigenschaften bestimmt: die spezifische Oberfláche, die Struktur, die Adsorptionseigenschaften sowie die Adsorptionskapazität. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die hergestellten kohlenstoffhaltigen Materialien durch Aktivierung höhere Werte für die untersuchten Eigenschaften ergeben als die nur pyrolysierten Proben und die zwei kommerziellen Aktivkohlen. Es wurde festgestellt, daß die Adsorption des 4-Nitrophenols für alle untersuchten kohlenstoffhaltigen Materialien gemäß der Freundlich-Gleichung stattfindet. Die Raster-Elektronenmikroskopie zeigt, daß die hergestellten kohlenstoffhaltigen Materialien andere Porenarten aufweisen als die kommerziellen Aktivkohlen. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse werden durch die molekularen Dimensionen der zur Adsorption verwendeten Substanzen und den Polarisationseffekt der Substituenten am Benzolring erklärt.
    Notes: Mixtures of phenol-formaldehyde-resin and pressed olive stones in a weight ratio of 20/80 were cured as small cylinders and then pyrolyzed. Some samples were also activated by steam. For these specimens and for two commercial activated carbons of laboratory or industrial uses the specific surface area, the structure, the adsorption properties, and the adsorption capacity were determined. The results indicate that the carbonaceous material produced by activation has greater values for the examined properties in comparison to the only pyrolyzed and the two commercial activated carbons, respectively. It was found that the Freundlich-equation is valid for the adsorption of 4-nitrophenol on all carbonaceous materials examined. The produced carbonaceous materials have different kinds of pores than the commercial activated carbons. The experimental results are explained with regard to the molecular dimensions of the adsorptive substances and the polarization effect of the substituents of the benzene ring.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 163 (1988), S. 101-114 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Durch Anwendung der nichtlinearen Programmiermethode basierend auf der mittleren harmonischen Näherung wurden aus den Kontaktwinkeldaten die freie Dispersions- und polare, freie Oberflächenenergie, γSVd und γSVp, sowie die kritische, freie Oberflächenenergie, γc, von Polymeren bestimmt. Die Komponenten der freien Oberflächenergie der zu untersuchenden Flüssigkeiten, γLVd und γLVp, die die Bedingungen für den maximalen Wechselwirkungsparameter, Φ, wiedergeben, wurden ebenfalls mit Hilfe dieser Methode bestimmt.
    Notes: The dispersion and polar surface free energy components, γSVd and γSVp, and the critical surface free energy, γc, of polymers were determined from contact angle data by the application of a nonlinear programming method using harmonic mean approximation.The surface free energy components of the probe liquids, γLVd and γLVp, which reflect the conditions of the maximized interaction parameter, Φ, were also simultaneously determined by this method.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 163 (1988), S. 169-193 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The condensation reaction of bisphenol A, melamine, and formaldehyde was investigated by gel permeation chromatography, 13C-NMR-spectroscopy, IR-spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Because of the high reaction rates the condensation could be investigated only in the range of pH 6-10. At pH 6 and 7 the reaction of melamine with formaldehyde is dominating.With increasing pH-value the condensation of bisphenol A with formaldehyde is observed preferably. At pH 10 the condensation results in high molecular products. Cocondensation of melamine and bisphenol A through methylene bridges does not take place. But as a separation of the bisphenol A-formaldehyde condensates from the other condensation products was not possible, the three components may be connected through methylene-ether groups and/or intermolecular hydrogen bridges.
    Notes: Die gemeinsame Kondensation von Bisphenol A, Melamin und Formaldehyd wurde mit Hilfe der Gelpermeationschromatographie, der 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie, IR-Spektroskopie und Elementaranalyse untersucht. Wegen der hohen Kondensationsgeschwindigkeit verläuft die Reaktion in Gegenwart der drei Komponenten nur im Bereich von pH 6-10 kontrollierbar. Bei pH 6 und 7 überwigt die Kondensation zwischen Melamin und Formaldehyd. Mit steigendem pH-Wert tritt die Reaktion von Bisphenol A mit Formaldehyd in den Vordergrund und führt bei pH 10 zu hochmolekularen Kondensationsprodukten.Auf direkte Cokondensation hinweisende Methylenverknüpfungen zwischen der phenolischen Komponente und Melamin konnten nicht nachgewiesen werden. Die Kondensationsprodukte des Melamins bzw. des Bisphenol A mit Formaldehyd lassen sich aber nicht mehr vollständig aus den Reaktionsgemischen der Vorkondensation abtrennen, was dafür spricht, daß die Komponenten über Methylenetherbrücken und/oder intermolekularen Wasserstoffbrücken miteinander verknüpft sind.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 163 (1988), S. 205-207 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Cyclodextrin membrane-modified electrodes as sensor materials have been prepared by dipping platinum electrodes in the water suspensions of an oriented cyclodextrin polymer, followed by drying the polymer layers on the electrodes. The polymer is obtained by the solid-liquid reaction between the crystal of cyclodextrin inclusion complex and hexamethylene diisocyanate in anisole. The thickness (2 - 80 μm) of the cyclodextrin membrane is satisfactorily controlled by changing the concentration of the water suspension of the polymer. The cyclodextrin membranemodified electrodes show a significant response to p-nitrophenolate in water which is highly in contrast with no measurable response to o- and m-nitrophenolates.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 53
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Im Zusammenhang mit dem Studium des Wirkungsmechanismus von industriell hergestellten Antidegradantien vom Typus der N-Phenyl-N′-sek-alkyl-1,Cphenylendiamine wurde die Reaktion von N-Phenyl-1,4-benzochinonimin (I) und 4-Hydroxydiphenylamin (II) mit dem Kohlenstoff-Radikal 1-Cyano-l-methylethyl (R·) studiert. Das Gemisch von I und II reagiert mit R· sehr leicht unter Bildung der Verbindungen III, VI und VIII. I allein reagiert wesentlich langsamer, und das Reaktionsgemisch enthält mehrere Produkte. Neben der Verbindung III wurden auch die Verbindungen IV und VII identifiziert. II allein reagiert bei denselben Bedingungen nicht. Die Verbindung IV bildet die zwei isomeren Strukturen syn und anti. Die Verbindung VIII ist ziemlich unbeständig; aus ihren Umwandlungsprodukten wurde XI isoliert. Bei der Reduktion von IV entsteht die Verbindung V, die ähnlich wie VIII unbeständig ist.
    Notes: The reaction of N-phenyl-1,4-benzoquinoneimine (I)Decoding of abbreviations see p. 103/104. and 4-hydroxydiphenylamine (II) with the carbon centred 1-cyano-1-methylethyl radical (R·) was studied in connection with an investigation of the action mechanism of industrial antidegradants, such as N-phenyl-N′-sec-alkyl-1,4-phenylenediamines. The mixture of I and II reacts very readily with R·, giving rise to III, VI, and VIII. I alone reacts much slowlier, and the reaction mixture contains more products. IV and VII were identified along with III. Under the conditions used, II alone does not react at all. IV exists in two isomeric forms, syn and anti. VIII is very labile; XI was isolated from its transformation products. Reduction of IV gives V, which is labile, similarly to VIII.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 156 (1988), S. 123-137 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Samples of polyoxymethylene (unstabilized and stabilized with the antiozonants N-isopropyl-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamin (IPPD) and bis-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydrobenzaldehyd)pentaerithritylacetal (Vulkazon AFS)) were ozonized under mechanical load in a special climate chamber. Surface damages were determined by IR-spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. During the ozonolysis a damaged layer is formed, the thickness of which increases with increasing time of ozonization. During this damaging reaction acetal groups are attacked and oligomers are formed.
    Notes: Proben von unstabilisiertem und mit den Antiozonantien N-Isopropyl-N′-phenyl-p-phenylendiamin (IPPD) und Bis-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydrobenzaldehyd)-pentaerithrityl-acetal (Vulkazon AFS) stabilisiertem Polyoxymethylen wurden unter mechanischer Belastung in einer Klimakammer ozonisiert. Die Schädigungen auf der Oberfläche wurden IR-spektroskopisch und rasterelektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Während der Ozonisierung von POM bildet sich eine geschädigte Schicht, deren Dicke mit zunehmender Ozonisierungszeit wächst. Hierbei wird das Polymere an den Acetalbindungen angegriffen, wodurch Ketten gespalten werden und Oligomere entstehen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 55
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 156 (1988), S. 105-121 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Mit Hilfe verschiedener Methoden wurde der Einfluß der Entfernung unterschiedlicher porenbildender Verdünner aus porösen Styrol-Ethylstyrol-Acrylnitril-Divinylbenzol-Copolymeren auf die Netzwerkstruktur untersucht. Der günstigste Weg, den ursprünglichen strukturellen Bau des porösen Netzwerkes zu bewahren, welches in Gegenwart von solvatisierenden Verdünnern erhalten wurde, ist das Entfernen des inerten Mediums mit Methanol. Wenn die Wasserdampfmethode angewendet wird, fin det der sog. Kollapseffekt statt, und die aus solchen Harzen hergestellten Anionenaustauscher adsorbieren weniger Farbstoff im Vergleich zu jenen, die aus Perlen hergestellt worden sind, die mit Methanol behandelt wurden; Grund hierfür ist die durch den Kollaps veränderte Porengröße. Es wurde ebenfalls festgestellt, daß die in Anwesenheit von solvatisierenden Verdünnern (Mischungen aus Quellungs- und Fällmitteln) hergestellten Copolymeren in Methanol sehr gut quellen, obwohl dieses ein Fällungsmittel für Polystyrol ist.
    Notes: The influence of the removal of various diluents, pore forming agents from the porous styrene-ethylstyrene-acrylonitrile-divinylbenzene copolymers on the structure of the matrix was investigated by several methods. The most advantageous pathway to preserve the initial structural edifice of the porous networks performed in the presence of solvating diluents consisted in the removal of the inert media with methanol as it was noticed from the experimental data. If the steam treatment is applied, the collapse effect takes place and the anion exchangers prepared from such matrices exchange/adsorb less dye stuff by comparison with ones formed from beads treated with methanol, because the pore size was changed. It was also noticed that the porous copolymers performed in the presence of the solvating diluents (mixtures of solvatings and precipitants) swell very well in methanol though it is a precipitating medium for the polystyrenic macromolecular chains.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 56
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 156 (1988), S. 139-149 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: An Styrol-Zinkacrylat-Copolymeren wurde die Abhängigkeit der Glasübergangstemperatur von der Aufheizgeschwindigkeit und der Zusammensetzung mit Hilfe der Differential-Scanning-Calorimetrie untersucht. Die Thermogravimetrie wurde benutzt, um die Pyrolyse dieser Copolymeren an Luft bei drei verschiedenen Aufheizge-schwindigkeiten zu untersuchen. Die thermische Zersetzung von Ionomeren ist ein 3-Stufen-Prozeß. Die Reaktionsordnung und Aktivierungsenergie wurde für jede Stufe der Zersetzung bestimmt unter Verwendung eines Computerprogramms, das auf den Methoden von Kissinger, Freeman-Carrol und Ozawa basiert. Es zeigte sich, daß die thermische Stabilität durch die ionischen Gruppen abnimmt.
    Notes: The dependence of glass temperature on the heating rate and the composition for styrene-zinc acrylate copolymers has been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. Thermogravimetry was used in order to examine these copolymers undergoing pyrolysis in an atmosphere of air at three different heating rates. Thermal decomposition of ionomers is a three-stage process. The orders and activation energies have been determined for each stage of decomposition using the computer programs based on the methods of Kissinger, Freeman-Carrol, and Ozawa. It was found that the heat stability is lowered by the ionic groups.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 57
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 156 (1988), S. 151-162 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Pfropfung der hydrophilen Monomeren N-Vinylpyrrolidon, 2-Hydroxyethyl-methacrylat und Acrylamid auf ungesättigte segmentierte Polyurethane in N,N-Dimethylformamid mit 2,2′-Azobisisobutyronitril als Initiator wurde untersucht. Die Pfropfcopolymeren wurden von den Homopolymeren durch selektive Extraktion in Soxhlet-Apparaturen abgetrennt. Die kinetische Untersuchung der Pfropfcopolymerisation zeigte, daß die Reaktionen dem gewöhnlichen kinetischen Verhalten radikalischer Polymerisationen folgen. Die Abhängigkeiten der Pfropfungsgeschwindigkeit von der Initiator- und N-Vinylpyrrolidonkonzentration waren von 0,5 bzw. 1,0 Ordnung. Für 2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylat wurden sie zu jeweils 0,5 und 2,0 gefunden. Die Gesamtaktivierungsenergie der Pfropfcopolymerisation des 2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylats und des N-Vinylpyrrolidons betragen jeweilig 21,81 und 16,28 kJ/mol.
    Notes: Grafting of unsaturated segmented polyurethanes with some hydrophilic monomers such as N-vinyl pyrrolidone, 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate and acrylamide in N,N-dimethylformamide have been studied using 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator. Graft copolymers were isolated from homopolymers by selected solvent extraction using a Soxhlet apparatus. A kinetic study of graft copolymerization reactions showed that the reactions follow the conventional kinetic behaviour of free radical polymerization. The dependencies of the grafting rate on initiator and N-vinyl pyrrolidone concentrations were of 0.5 and 1.00 order, respectively. However, for the 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate, the dependencies of the grafting rate on initiator and monomer concentrations were found to be of 0.5 and 2.00 order, respectively. The overall activation energy for the graft copolymerization of the 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate and N-vinyl pyrrolidone were 21.81 kJ/mol and 16.28 kJ/mol, respectively.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 58
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 156 (1988), S. 179-185 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Ultra fine particles were impregnated by using a finely porous cellulose gel membrane. The impregnated gel membrane is a green transparent one and looks like a solid solution. Highly dispersed Ni catalysts on carbon were obtained from thermal decomposition of these gel membranes. The particle size is in the range of several nm to a few ten nm. They show interesting catalytic properties for hydrogenation of olefins such as cyclooctadiene.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 59
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The thermo-oxidation resistance and weatherability of LDPE and HDPE compositions, containing up to 45 wt.% calcium carbonate, are investigated. The thermo-oxidation resistance is investigated by dynamic DTA and natural ageing is carried out in an exposure station in a seaside climate. The change in strength and colour after ageing is determined. The behaviours of filled and unfilled polymers are compared. Empirical equations are given, describing the change in the investigated parameters during natural ageing.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 60
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: An Proben aus Polypropylen, die bei sehr unterschiedlichen Einstellungen von Spritzgußmaschinen und Extrudern hergestellt wurden, stellten sich deutliche Abhängigkeiten des Alterungsverhaltens von den thermischen und mechanischen Produktionsparametern ein, die nicht durch unterschiedliche Schmelzetemperaturen bedingt sind. Insbesondere kann ausgesagt werden, daß bei Spritzguß eine hähere Scherbelastung und damit stärkere Orientierungen -eine stärkere Veränderung der Eigenspannungen hervorrufen-einen früheren Glanzabfall und-eine geringere Initialzeit bis zur Rißbildung bewirken.Bei Extrusion fiihrt eine geringere Abkühlgeschwindigkeit und damit ein gröberes Gefüge zu -einer stärkeren Veränderung der Eigenspannungen-einem friiheren und ausgeprägteren Glanzverlust-sowie zu einem früheren Abfall der Reißdehnungen.Unbekannt ist, -ob diese Wirkungen auch bei anderen Thermoplasten als PP auftreten-ob sie auch bei stabilisierten Systemen in relativ gleichem Umfange auftreten-und ob es sich lohnt, die beobachteten Effekte ggf. durch ge zielte Maschineneinstellungen auszunutzen.Auf jeden Fall sollten auf diesem Gebiet weitere Arbeiten durchge-führt werden.
    Notes: Specimens of unmodified polypropylene have been manufactured using extreme adjustings of injection moulding machines and extruders. After artificial weathering, distinct relations of ageing processes to thermal and mechanical production parameters were found, which are not influenced by different melting temperatures. It can be started in particular, that during injection moulding a larger shear stress (resulting in more distinct orientation) results in -a greater change in residual stresses-an earlier gloss reduction-a shorter initial period before cracking.During extrusion a lower cooling rate (resulting in a coarser structure) leads to -a greater change in residual stresses-an earlier and more distinct gloss reduction-an earlier loss of ultimate strain.It remains unknown, whether -these relationships will be similar with other thermoplastic materials than PP-these relationships appear to the same relative extend with stabilized systems-it may be advantageous, to use the observed effects by adjusting the injection moulding and extrusion machines in a special way.It seems to be significant to do more research work in this field.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 61
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 160 (1988), S. 1-15 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Poly(tetramethylenadipat)diol mit einer Molmasse von 2000 wurde bei Temperaturen von 60 und 80°C in Gegenwart von Wasser bzw. 1,4-Butandiol sowie den gebräuchlichsten PUR-Katalysatoren (Dabco und Dibutylzinndilaurat) gelagert und die Solvolyse untersucht. Die Geschwindigkeit der Solvolyse nimmt mit steigender Temperatur deutlich zu. Die Alkoholyse wird durch Dibutylzinndilaurat weitaus stärker katalysiert als durch 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]oktan. Die Hydrolyse verläuft langsamer, da vermutlich die Katalysatoren bei diesem Prozeß desaktiviert werden. Die mechanischen Eigenschaften von Polyurethanen, die mit den partiell abgebauten Diolen hergestellt wurden, korrelieren gut mit der Abnahme der Molmasse.
    Notes: Poly(tetramethylene adipate)diol having a molar mass of 2000 was stored at temperatures of 60 and 80°C in the presence of water or 1,4-butanediol and a common PUR-catalyst like 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2]octane (DABCO) or dibutyltindilaurate (DBTL) and the solvolysis was investigated. The rate of solvolysis is low at 60°C except for DBTL and shows a drastic increase at 80°C. In the alcoholysis reaction DBTL is a much more active catalyst than DABCO. The rate of hydrolysis is slower probably because the catalysts are deactivated by the acidic products formed in this process. The mechanical properties of polyurethanes made from the degraded polyols are in good correlation with the decrease in molar mass.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 160 (1988), S. 17-28 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der Einfluß der Zugabe von Bis(allylphenyl) Typ (TM 120)-Monomeren auf die Eigenschaften von unidirektional mit Carbonfasern verstärkten 4,4′-Bismaleimidodiphenylmethan (BM) - 2,4-Tolylendiamin (A) (1:0,3 Molverhältnis) (BM-A)-Verbundkörpern wird vorgestellt. Das Aushärteverhalten sowie das thermische Verhalten in Luft wurde mit Hilfe der Differentialkalorimetrie (DSC) und der Thermogravimetrie (TGA) untersucht. Die thermische Stabilität nimmt mit ansteigenden Konzentrationen von TM 120 deutlich zu. Demgegenüber steht ein Anstieg der Biegefesigkeit, der interlaminaren Scherfestigkeit sowie der Schlagzähigkeit mit zunehmender Monomerkonzentration. Optimale mechanische Eigenschaften wurden bei etwa 20 Tle./100 Tle. TM 120 erreicht.
    Notes: The paper deals with the effect of addition of bis(allylphenyl) type (TM 120) monomer on the properties of unidirectionally carbon fibre reinforced 4,4′ bismaleimidodi-phenyl methane (BM) - 2,4-tolylene diamine (A) (1:0.3 molar ratio) (BM-A) composites. The curing and thermal behaviour of the blends was investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in air atmosphere. A marginal decrease in thermal stability was observed with increasing concentration of TM 120. Flexural, interlaminar, and impact strength of the laminates increased in the presence of this monomer. Optimum mechanical properties were observed at ∼ 20 phr of TM 120.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 63
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: In dieser Arbeit wurden Veränderungen des verschweisßten Rohr- und Fittingmaterials (isotaktisches Polypropylen Homo- bzw. Copolymer PP-R grau pigmentiert) wührend der für die Praxis relevanten Innendruckversuche untersucht.Bei der technischen Verschweißung von Polyolefinen entstehen charakteristische Gefüigezonen im Schweißnahtbereich, welche vom Fßgematerial und den Fngebedingungen beeinflußt werden. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurden sowohl die Materialcbergange im Fiigebereich (mit den Methoden - schichtenweise Differentialkalorimetrie, Polarisations- bzw. Elektronenmikroskopie sowie Fluoreszenzspektroskopie mit extrem hoher Ortsauflösung) als auch die Eigenspannungen hinsichtlich ihrer Verlnderung bei Langzeitpriifung im Innendruckzeitstandversuch bei 95°C bis zu einer Prüfzeit von 18.100h untersucht.Die Abbauvorgänge der Makromoleküle bei der Langzeitprüfung der 364 untersuchten Schweißmuster werden in einer gesonderten Arbeit behandelt (1).Durch die Innendruckversuche bei 950 C findet eine Nachkristallisation und eine Gefügevergrijberung sowohl in der Schweißnaht als auch im Gefüge der Schweißpartner statt. Dabei werden die beim Schweißvorgang eingebrachten Orientierungen und Eigenspannungen unter dem Einfluß von Wärme beim Innendruckversuch weitgehend abgebaut. Durch die unter Druckeinwirkung einsetzenden Flieävorgange jedoch werden neue Eigenspannungen eingebracht.Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß bei guter Verschweißung von PP mit PPCO ein kontinuierlicher Übergang (Mischungsbereich) vom Homopolymeren zum Copolymeren auftritt, der auch beim Langzeiteinsatz im Innendruckversuch erhalten bleibt.
    Notes: The present study deals with changes of welded material of pipes and fittings (isotactic polypropylene homo and copolymer PP-R grey pigmented) during the standardized internal pressure tests, which are commonly used for these products.Technical welding of polyolefines causes characteristic structures, which depend on the natural of the welded material and the welding conditions.In this investigation both the transition of material in the welding seam and the changes of internal stresses during internal pressure tests at 95°C until 18.100h test time were examined. The methods we used were Differential calorimetry of think layers, Polarization- and Electron microscopy, Fluorescence spectroscopy with extreme high local resolution.The effects of decomposition of the macromolecules in the welded samples during the internal pressure tests will be described in a separate paper (1).The internal pressure tests at 95O C cause a recrystallization and an increase of the particle size in the structure of the welding seam and in the structure of the welded parts themselves. Under the above described testing conditions the orientations and internal stresses initiated by the welding procedure will relaxe influenced by heat. However the creep effects that occur in the material when exposed to pressure introduce new internal stresses. It could be shown that in perfectly welded parts a continuous transition from PP to PPCO occurs, which did not change after long time application of internal pressure tests.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 64
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 160 (1988), S. 67-81 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurden neue Coordinationspolymere mit Schiffschen Basen aus Terephthalal dehyd und S-Benzyldithiocarbazol als Liganden in DMF-Lösung hergestellt. Die erhaltenen Coordinationspolymeren wurden durch Elementaranalyse, magnetische Suszeptibilität, elektronische und IR-Spektroskopie charakterisiert. Die durch Thermogravimetrie bestimmte thermische Stabilität der Coordinationspolymeren nahm in der folgenden Reihenfolge ab: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${\rm Zn} \simeq {\rm Fe} 〉 {\rm Co} 〉 {\rm Ni} 〉 {\rm Min} \simeq {\rm Cu}$\end{document} Mn(II)-, Fe(II)-, Co(II)- und Ni(II)-Coordinationspolymere haben eine Oktaederstruktur mit der Koordinationszahl6, während bei den Cu(II)- und Zn(II)-Coordinationspolymeren eine 4-fach koordinierte quadratisch-planare bzw. eine tetraedrische Struktur gefunden wurde. Ligandenfeld- und nephelawetische Parameter wurden aus den Spektren errechnet. Dam wurde die Ligandenfeldtheorie spin-erlaubter Übergänge angewandt, die sich als konsistent mit einer 6-fach koordinierten Struktur für Mn(II)-, Fe(II)-, Co(II)- und Ni(II)-Coordinationspolymere erwies. Die Elementaranalysen ergaben bei allen Coordinationspolymeren ein Ligand: Metall-Verhältnis von 1 : 1 und deuteten bei den Mn(II)-, Fe(II)-, Co(II)- und Ni(II)-Coordinationspolymeren auf am Zentralatom assoziierte Wassermoleküle hin.
    Notes: New Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) coordination polymers of Schiff base ligand derived from terephthalaldehyde and S-benzyldithiocarbazate have been synthesized in DMF media. The coordination polymers have been characterized by their elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, and by electronic and infrared spectral measurements.The thermal stability of each polymer was found out by thermogravimetric analysis. The thermal stability of coordination polymers obtained from thermograms has the following order: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm Zn} \simeq {\rm Fe} 〉 {\rm Co} 〉 {\rm Ni} 〉 {\rm Min} \simeq {\rm Cu}$\end{document} Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) coordination polymers are of a six-coordinated octahedral structure while Cu(II) and Zn(II) coordination polymers are found to be four-coordinated square planar and tetrahedral structure, respectively. The ligand-field and nephelauxetic parameters have been determined from the spectra, using ligand-field theory of spin-allowed transitions which are found consistent with six-coordinate structure for Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) coordination polymers. Elemental analyses indicates a ligand: metal ratio of 1 : 1 in all the coordination polymers and the association of water molecules with central metal atom in case of Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) coordination polymers.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 65
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 160 (1988), S. 91-106 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Emulsionen von aromatischen Polyamidsären (PMPE and PBPPM) in DMF und Methanol wurden benutzt, um gleichmäßige Filme auf Leiteroberflächen durch Elektrophorese abzuscheiden. Die Ausbeute und Qualität der abgeschiedenen Filme hängen von der Art der Polyamidsäre, dem Lösemittel, dem Fällungsmittel, dem oberflächenaktiven Mittel, dem pH-Wert und dem Polymergehalt ab. Die Bedingungen zum Erreichen der höchsten Abscheidungsausbeuten wurden bestimmt.
    Notes: The emulsions of aromatic polyamic acids (PMPE and PBPPM) in DMF and methanol were used to coat uniform films on conductor surfaces by electrodeposition. The deposition yield and quality of the deposited films are dependent on sort of polyamic acid, solvent (DMF), precipitant (MeOH), surfactant (TEA), pH value and solid content. To get maximum deposition yields from PMPE and PBPPM, the best conditions of electrodeposition were required as follows: pH value 5.7 and 5.58, MeOH/DMF weight ratio 3.0 and 2.8, solid content 3.5 and 2.4 wt.-%. Deposition yield was found to obey Faraday's law of electrolysis, and the higher the equivalent weight of the polyamic acid, the higher the coulombic yield.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 66
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 160 (1988), S. 107-115 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ein einfaches Modell von Doppelassoziaten wurde verwendet, um die Doppelschichtsorption von binären Gasgemischen an flexiblen linearen Polymerketten zu beschreiben. Die Isothermengleichung nach diesem Modell ist ein einfaches Produkt der isothermen Gleichung, die die Doppelschichtadsorption von binären Gasgemischen an einer homogenen festen Oberfläche beschreibt und einer Funktion, die die spezifischen Merkmale der Sorption an Polymeren widerspiegelt.
    Notes: A simple model of double associates is used to represent bilayer sorption of binary gas mixtures on a flexible linear chain of a polymer. The isotherm equation derived in terms of this model is a simple product of the isotherm equation describing bilayer adsorption of binary gas mixtures on a homogeneous solid surface and a function reflecting specific features of sorption on polymers.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 67
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 160 (1988), S. 131-140 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: For a polymer system sulfur-styrene containing 10 wt.-% styrene the morphologie depending on the polymerization temperature and time is described. Besides the characteristical orthorhombic phase a monoclinic and a pseudoorthorhombic phase were detected. Moreover amorphous material exists, depending on the polymerisation parameters.
    Notes: Für ein Polymersystem Schwefel-Styrol mit 10% Styrol wird die Abhängigkeit der Morphologie von der Polymerisationstemperatur und -zeit beschrieben. Neben der charakteristischen orthorhombischen Phase wurden röntgenographisch eine monokline und eine pseudoorthorhombische Phase nachgewiesen. Außerdem liegt, abhängig von den Polymerisationsparametern, ein amorpher Anteil vor.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 68
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 160 (1988), S. 117-129 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Für eine anionische Polymerisation mit langsamer Start- und schneller Wachstumsreaktion wurde ein analytischer Ausdruck entwickelt, der es erlaubt, mittlere Molekulargewichte und Molekulargewichtsverteilungen von Polymeren vorauszuberechnen, die in einem halbkontinuierlichen Polymerisationsverfahren bei Zulauf einer verunreinigten Monomerlösung zu einer vorgelegten Initiatolösung entstehen. Die Gültig keit des Modells wurde an der Polymerisation von Isopren mit n-Butyllithium in n-Heptan überprüft. Die beobachteten Unterschiede zwischen theoretischen und experimentellen Werten werden auf die Änderungen in den Geschwindigkeitskonstanten von Start- und Wachstumsreaktion zurückgeführt, die dadurch hervorgerufen werden, daß sich die Polarität der Lösung durch die Anreicherung mit polaren Verbindungen ändert. Weiterhin wird gezeigt, daß bimodale Molekulargewichtsverteilungen entstehen, wenn sich an die halbkontinuierliche Verfahrensweise eine diskontinuierliche zur Erhöhung des Monomerumsatzes anschließt.
    Notes: For anionic polymerization with slow initiation and rapid propagation step analytical expressions are presented to calculate average molecular weights and molecular weight distributions for a semi-batch process, in which a monomer solution contaminated by impurities is fed to an initiator solution in the reactor. The validity of the model was checked for the case of the polymerization of isoprene by n-butyllithium in n-heptane. The differences observed between theoretical and experimental values are explained by the changes in the rate constants of the initiation and the propagation step caused by the change in the polarity of the reaction solution by the continuously fed impurities. Furthermore it is shown that polymers with bimodal molecular weight distributions are formed if the semi-batch procedure is followed by a batch one to increase the monomer conversion.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 69
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 160 (1988), S. 141-154 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der Wärmehärtungsmechanismus von zu Anstrichen verwendeten Polyethersulfonen wurde unter Verwendung von FTIR/PAS und ESCA untersucht. Als Ergebnis wurde bestätigt, daß der Luftsauerstoff Einfluß auf den Wärmehärtungsmechanismus hat. Das heißt, die Härtung des Polyethersulfonfilms beginnt an der Oberfläche und verläuft entsprechend Reaktion (4) weiter.
    Notes: Thermosetting mechanism of paint-use polyethersulfones was studied by utilizing FTIR/PAS and ESCA. As a result, it was confirmed that the oxygen in the air has an effect on the thermosetting mechanism. That is, the polyethersulfone film were baked from the surface, and proceeded according to reaction (4).
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 70
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 160 (1988), S. 155-162 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurde der Mechanismus der Reaktion von 4-Ethylphenol mit Zimtaldehyd mittels HET 2DJ 13C-NMR Spektroskopie, 1H-NMR Spektroskopie und GPC untersucht. In der ersten Stufe findet die Addition des 4-Ethylphenols an die Carbonylgruppe und an die Doppelbindung des Zimtaldehyds statt. In der zweiten Stufe reagiert die —CH(OH)-Gruppe mit 4-Ethylphenol und bildet verzweigte Produkte in rötlich gefärbten Harzen mit einem Durchschnittsmolekulargewicht on 600. Die Reaktion verläuft bei Temperaturen über 100°C in stark saurem Medium.
    Notes: The mechanisms of the reaction between 4-ethylphenol and cinnamaldehyde were studied by means of HET 2DJ 13C-NMR spectroscopy, 1H-NMR spectroscopy and GPC. In the first step of the reaction the addition of 4-ethylphenol to carbonyl group and to double bond of cinnamaldehyde takes place. In the second step of the reaction the —CH(OH)-group reacts with 4-ethylphenol to form branched products of red coloured resins with an average molecular weight of 600. The reaction takes place at temperatures above 100°C in strong acid medium.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 71
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 160 (1988), S. 163-173 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die elektrischen und paramagnetischen Eigenschaften des durch eine direkte Methode aus Benzol und Schwefel synthetisierten Poly(phenylensulfid)s wurden untersucht. Die Geichstromdunkelleitfähigkeit dieses Polymeren im nativen Zustand ist 10-10 S/m. Sie nimmt während des Dotierens mit Jod um 8 Größenordnungen zu. Es wurde für undotierte Proben n-Typ- und für die mit Jod dotierten Proben p-Typ-Leitfähigketi beobachtet. Anhand der ESR-Messungen wurden die Zahl der paramagnetischen Zentren und der g-Faktor bestimmt, die entsprechend gleich 0.80 · 1017 Spins/g und 2.0037 für das undotierte Polymere bei Raumtemperatur betragen. Änderungen der Spinkonzentration sowohl für die mit Jod dotierten als auch für die im Temperaturbereich von 513 - 903 K getemperten Proben werden dargestellt. Es wird versucht, die Form der ESR-Linien auf eine quantitative Weise zu diskutieren.
    Notes: Electrical and paramagnetic properties of poly(phenylene sulphide) synthesized by a direct method from benzene and sulphur were investigated. In darkness dc conductivity of the polymer in its pristine state is of the order 10-10 S/m. Upon doping with iodine it increases by 8 orders of magnitude. For undoped samples the n-type conductivity and for those doped with iodine the p-type conductivity was observed. On the basis of ESR experiments the number of spins and g-value were determined, which for undoped polymer at room temperature are equal to 0.80 · 1017 spins/g and 2.0037, respectively. Next, the changes in spin concentration both for the iodine doped samples and these annealed within the temperature range 513 - 903 K were described. An attempt to discuss the ESR lineshape in a quantitative way was also made.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 72
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 160 (1988), S. 175-186 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: 3-Carboxy-4-hydroxyacetophenon (CHAP) wurde in verschiedenen Mengenverhältnissen mit Formaldehyd unter Verwendung von Alkali als Katalysator polykondensiert. Die erhaltenen Polykondensate (CHAP-F) wurden durch Elementaranalyse, IR-Spektroskopie, Bestimmung des Zahlenmittels der Molmasse (M̄n), Thermogravimetrie und Bestimmung der Grenzviskosität charakterisiert. Es wurden polymere Metallchelate mit Cu2+ -, Fe3+ -, Co2+ -, Ni2+ - und UO2+2 -Ionen hergestellt und charakterisiert. Mit Hilfe der Batch-Austauschmethode wurden Ionenaustauschereigenschaften eines CHAP-F Harzes gegen Fe3+ - Cu2+ - und Ni2+ -Ionen bestimmt.
    Notes: 3-Carboxy-4-hydroxyacetophenone (CHAP) was polycondensed with various proportions of formaldehyde using alcoholic alkali as catalyst. The resin samples, designated as CHAP-F, have been characterized by elemental analyses and IR spectroscopy, by estimation of their number average molecular weights (M̄n), by measurement of intrinsic viscosity, and by TGA. Polymeric metal chelates of one CHAP-F sample with Cu2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, and UO22+ ions have been prepared and characterized.Ion-exchanging properties of one CHAP-F resin sample for Fe3+, Cu2+, and Ni2+ metal ions are studied by the application of the batch-equilibration method.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 73
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 160 (1988), S. 187-192 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Reaktionsenthalpien für die Addition von Hydroxidanion an substituierte Phenylisocyanate wurden mit MNDO berechnet. Die erhaltenen Werte stimmen sehr gut mit den Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten der Addition von 2-Ethylhexanol an Phenylisocyanate überein. Dies ermöglicht eine Abschätzung der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten für nucleophile Additionen innerhalb vernünftiger Grenzen, ohne daß experimentelle Arbeiten durchgeführt werden müssen.
    Notes: The enthalpies for the addition of hydroxide anion to substituted phenylisocyanates have been calculated with MNDO. The results obtained correlate well with the rates of addition of 2-ethylhexanol to phenylisocyanates. This allows us to estimate the rates for nucleophilic addition within reasonable limits without the need for experiments.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 74
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 160 (1988), S. 211-211 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 75
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 163 (1988), S. 63-76 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Durch Copolymerisation von Butylacrylat (BA) mit Vinylbenzylglycidylether (VBGE) wurden neue Acrylkautschuke mit Epoxyseitengruppen hergestellt. Um die Zähigkeit eines gehärteten Epoxidharzes (Bisphenol A/Diglycidylether/p,p′-Diaminodiphenylsulfon) zu erhöhen, wurde dieses mit den erhaltenen Acrylkautschuken modifiziert. Eine Zugabe von 20 Gew.-% eines Copolymeren mit 74% BA und 26% VBGE-Einheiten führte zu einer 30proz. Zunahme der Bruchzähigkeit (KIC) des gehärteten Harzes bei einer minimalen Einbuße an Festigkeit und Steifigkeit. Die modifizierten Harze wiesen eine Zwei-Phasen-Morphologie auf, bei der Kautschukteilchen mit einer mittleren Größe von 2 μm in eine Epoxymatrix eingebettet sind. Das Copolymere ohne Epoxyseitengruppen, das aus BA und Vinylbenzylmethoxyethylether hergestellt wurde, war als Modifier unwirksam, was darauf hindeutet, daß die seitenstándigen Epoxidgruppen zu einer guten Zwischenphasenadhäsion zwischen Kautschukteilchen und Matrix, und damit zu erhöhter Zähigkeit führen. Kautschuke, die 55 oder 86% BA-Einheiten enthielten, waren ebenfalls ungenügende Modifier. Zugabe des ersteren ergab Harze mit einer homogenen Phasenstruktur, während die Zugabe des letzteren zu einer Phasentrennung zwischen Kautschuk und Epoxidharz führte.
    Notes: New acrylic rubbers with a pendant epoxy group were prepared by copolymerization of butyl acrylate (BA) with vinylbenzyl glycidyl ether (VBGE). The modification of an epoxy system (bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether/p,p′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone) with the acrylic rubbers was carried out in order to increase the toughness of the cured epoxy resin. The addition of 20 wt.-% of the copolymer containing 74% of BA and 26% of VBGE units resulted in a 30% increase in the fracture toughness (KIC) of the cured resin at minimal expenses of strength and modulus of the resin. The modified epoxy resin had two-phase morphology in which the rubber particles with average diameter of 2 μm are dispersed in the epoxy matrix. The copolymer without the pendant epoxy group, prepared from BA and vinylbenzyl methoxyethyl ether, was ineffective as a modifier, indicating that the reaction of the pendant epoxide with the epoxy matrix resulted in good interfacial adhesion between the rubber particles and the matrix, and in the increased toughness. The epoxide-containing copolymers with 55 or 86% of BA units were also insufficient modifiers. The addition of the former yielded cured resins with homogeneous structure, whereas that of the latter resulted in macroscopic phase separation between the rubber and the epoxy resin.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 76
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 163 (1988), S. 77-91 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Lösungen von Polyether/Polyurethan-Kationomeren, die auf Toluoldiisocyanaten basieren, wurden hergestellt und durch Zugabe von Wasser emulgiert. Die Eigenschaften von aus diesen Lösungen und Emulsionen gegossenen Filmen werden mit Hilfe der Infrarot-Spektroskopie, dynamisch-mechanischer Messungen, der Differentialkalorimetrie, der Weitwinkel-Röntgendiffraktometrie und von Zug-Dehnungsmessungen untersucht. Der Einbau eines asymmetrischen, kettenverlängernden Bausteins, wie N-Methyldiethanolamin, führt zu einem Polyurethan (PU), das, ßhnlich wie das mit symmetrischem, kettenverlängerndem 1,4-Butandiol aufgebaute Polyurethan, eine meßbare Ordnung innerhalb der Hartsegmente aufweist. Nach der Quarternisierung mit Glykolsaure haben die PU-Kationomeren erhöhte Werte für Reißdehnung, Zugmodul und -festigkeit. Dies kann auf die Coulomb-Wechselwirkung zwischen benachbarten Hartsegmenten zurückgefiihrt werden. Das Emulgieren der PU-Ionomer-Lösung führt zu einer verstärkten Mischung der Weich-und Hartsegmente, wodurch die ursprünglichen Hartsegmentbereiche mit asymmetrischen 2,4-Urethanisomeren eine höhere Konzentration an 2,6-Isomeren enthalten. Die Hartsegmentbereiche erreichen dadurch höhere Ordnung. Diese erhähte Ordnung und Phasenmischung führt zu einer Verbesserung der mechanischen Eigenschaften. Die Veränderung der Leitfähigkeit und Viskosität wahrend dem Emulgieren zeigt, daß das Wasser zuerst auf der Oberfäche des Mikroionengitters der Hartsegmente adsorbiert wird und dann in die ungeordneten und geordneten Hartsegmentbereiche eindringt.
    Notes: Toluene diisocyanate based polyether polyurethane cationomer solutions are prepared and then emulsified by adding water. Properties of films cast from the solutions and emulsions are studied using infrared spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and tensileelongation testing. It is found that the use of the asymmetric chain extender, N-methyl-diethanolamine, also leads to a polyurethane (PU) with detectable order in the hard domains as in the PU with symmetric chain extender such as 1,4-butandiol. After quaternization with glycolic acid, the PU cationomers have increased elongation and tensile strength and modulus. These can be attributed to the proper Coulomb interaction between two neighboring hard segments. The emulsification of the PU ionomer solution results in an increased mixing between the soft segments and the hard segments with asymmetric 2,4-urethane isomers originally located in the hard domains, and therefore make the hard domains containing a higher concentration of symmetric 2,6-isomer. The hard domains then become more ordered. Such increased order and phase mixing leads to an increase of the three tensile properties. During the emulsification conductivity and viscosity variations show that water is firstly adsorbed on the surface of the hard segment microionic lattices and then enters into the disordered and ordered hard domains successively.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 77
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The conformational energetics of the tetranucleoside triphosphates d(ApApApA), d(GpGpGpG), d(CpCpCpC), d(TpTpTpT), ApApApA, GpGpGpG, CpCpCpC, and UpUpUpU are thoroughly examined using a classical potential energy function. The sugar modeling method and multiple correlation functions derived in previous papers of this series are utilized in these examinations. The data are analyzed and compared in terms of the energy profiles for rotation about the conformation-determining torsion angles in the tetramers. Overall, the predictions are in reasonable qualitative agreement with the existing experimental data. It is found that the base type does not greatly affect the locations of the important minima in these profiles, but rather exerts a large influence on the relative depths of the minima and the barriers to conversion between them. Conformational sequence dependence is manifest to a greater extent by the DNA tetramers than the RNA tetramers. Of the DNA tetramers, d(CpCpCpC) appears, from the results presented herein, to have the greatest potential for polymorphism. This and other findings are analyzed in terms of the preferences of particular DNA sequences for either the A-, B-, or Z-conformation.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 78
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple graphical method for calculating stoichiometric and site binding constants for systems with two initially equivalent interacting sites is derived from a modified Scatchard equation. The binding constants can be calculated from Scatchard plots (r/[A] as a function of r) using the values of r/[A] (r is the molar ratio of bound ligands to total protein and [A] is the equilibrium concentration of free ligand) when r = 0 and r = 1 (half-saturation). The applicability of the method to the adsorption of bilirubin by peptide pendants immobilized on a polyacrylamide support is demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 79
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The statistical mechanical theory for the helix-to-random-coil transition in two-chain coiled coils is applied to extant data for two synthetic coiled-coil polypeptides. These peptides have the primary structure K(LEALEGK)n, in which n = 4, 5. This repeating heptet sequence mimics the pattern of hydrophobic, acidic, and basic residues characteristic of the 284-residue tropomyosin molecule, the prototypical coiled-coil protein. Theoretical calculations for single chains show that such model peptides cannot be directly compared to proteins like tropomyosin because of differences in chain length (29 and 36 residues vs 284) and in intrachain interactions, the latter caused by the differences in amino acid composition and seqeunce between protein and model. Application of the theory to extant data on the two synthetic peptides provides a semiquantitative fit and results in an assessment of the interhelix interaction in the model peptides. The value obtained, ∼ 2000 cal · (mol of turn pairs)-1, is four to five times larger than has been obtained for tropomyosin. This probably is a result of greater regularity in the structure of the synthetics and of the exclusive presence of leucine in the hydrophobic interface. The theory employed here insists that this powerful interhelix interaction in the synthetic is the principal reason that such short chains can be so highly helical at moderate and low temperatures. Theory predicts, indeed, that a tropomyosin-length chain with a sequence homologous to these synthetics would be completely thermally stable in the entire temperature range accessible in aqueous solutions. Theory also predicts a much more pronounced effect of concentration on the 29- and 36-residue synthetic polymers than is predicted or observed in the case of tropomyosin, and it also predicts a pronounced stabilizing effect of pH-reduction on the thermal curves. On the last two points, sufficient data are not yet available with which to test the theory.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 27 (1988), S. 165-169 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 27 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 82
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A cyclic peptide analogue of somatostatin, including the o-aminomethylphenylacetic acid spacer, was studied by the combined use of two-dimensional nmr spectroscopy, distance geometry, and restrained molecular dynamics. Analysis of distances determined from nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) buildup rates revealed that these were inconsistent with a unique backbone conformation near the spacer. Assuming that the conformational heterogeneity is localized to the spacer, the NOE distances measured for the remaining part of the molecule were used to generate a large number of structures with the distance geometry algorithm, which were then refined by restrained energy minimization. Four classes of structures emerged, which together account for all observed NOEs. A representative structure of each class was further refined with the restrained molecular dynamics technique, and shown to be stable on a 20-ps time scale. The flexibility of the spacer was examined by simulating interconversions induced by an appropriate restraining potential. As a result, the explanation for the lack of somatostatin activity of the analogue studied was reconsidered.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 27 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 27 (1988), S. 415-421 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A semiempirical theory of saccharide optical activity indicates that the dominant source of NaD rotation is a vacuum-uv CD band near 150 nm, a band observed experimentally in polysaccharide film CD spectra. The model is a modification of polarizability theory in which high-energy electronic excitations are coupled by degenerate perturbation theory, giving rise to “molecular excitons.” The existence of an excitation mode well separated in energy from even higher energy modes arises from the local symmetry of tetrahedral carbon atoms in a puckered ring structure. Calculated NaD rotations correlate well with experimental values.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 27 (1988), S. 451-477 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is demonstrated that protein α-helix content can be predicted from an autocorrelation analysis of the protein hydrophobicity sequence. The Fourier transform of the autocorrelation function yields the spectral densities or weights of the various frequencies contributing to the autocorrelation function. Using sequence and secondary structure data from more than 160 proteins and domains, a linear relationship was found between spectral density at periodicity 3.7 and protein α-helix content (r = 0.83). This relation permits prediction of the helix content (x) of proteins of known sequence to within ± 15%, i.e., as (x ± 15)%. Predictions based on the autocorrelation procedure are compared with values obtained by other methods.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 27 (1988), S. 479-491 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Evidence for a helical contribution to the conformation of methylcellulose in dilute solution is given by CD measurements. Congo red binds to methylcellulose in dilute aqueous solution and becomes optically active. The shape of the induced CD spectra is as predicted by exciton coupling for a helical arrangement of chromophores. The magnitude of the induced CD changes reversibly with temperature, decreasing upon heating. The dimer analogue of the polymer, prepared by acid methanolysis, does not show this effect. These observations suggest that the induced optical activity reflects the conformational dissymmetry of the polymer. Analogous experiments with the cellulose oligomers (cellotriose through cellohexaose) show that five anhydroglucose units are necessary before asymmetry is induced upon dye binding.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 27 (1988), S. 493-507 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polarized Raman spectra have been obtained from single microcrystals of the duplex of the decamer d(A5T5)2 using a Raman microscope. This is the first report of Raman spectra from a crystal of a deoxyoligomer that contains only long, nonalternating sequences of adenine and thymine. Sequences containing d(A)n and d(T)n are of interest in view of recent suggestions that they induce bends in DNA and that they might exist in a nonstandard B-conformation. Polarized Raman spectra of a crystal of d(pTpT) have also been obtained. Both crystals display Raman bands whose intensities are very sensitive to the orientation of the crystal with respect to the direction of polarization of the incident laser beam. These spectra indicate that the helical axes of the oligonucleotides are parallel to the long axes of the crystals and that the d(A5T5)2 is not appreciably bent in the crystal. The Raman spectrum from the d(pTpT) crystal indicates that all of the furanose ring puckers are in a C2′-endo configuration since only the C2′-endo marker band at 835 ± 5 cm-1 is present. Crystals of d(A5T5)2 show measurable Raman intensities in both the 838- and 816-cm-1 bands. This indicates the presence of both the C2′-endo and C3′-endo, or possibly other non-C2′-endo, furanose conformations. The 816-cm-1 band is weak so that only a small fraction of the residues are estimated to be in the non-C2′-endo conformation. In both the d(pTpT) and d(A5T5)2 crystals the intensity of the bands due to vibrations of the backbone show only a small dependence on orientation of the crystals. This result is explained by the low symmetry of the puckered sugar rings. It is concluded that Raman spectra obtained from oligonucleotide crystals in which the orientation of the crystal axes to the laser polarization is not carefully controlled may contain intensity artifacts that are due to polarization effects.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 88
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: On the basis of a harmonic dynamics calculation, it is shown that in the 800-500-cm-1 spectral region of DNA vibrational spectra, the characteristic Raman peaks and ir bands do not arise from the same nucleosidic motions. The Raman spectra involve mainly the ring-breathing modes of nucleic bases while the ir spectra reveal essentially their out-of-plane vibrations. Moreover, the calculated results show the splitting of the guanine- and adenine-residue breathing modes upon their coupling with the sugar-pucker motions. This fact is in agreement with the poly[d(G-C)] and poly[d(A-T)] Raman spectra.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 89
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two-dimensional 1H-nmr spectra of the α-mating factor [in dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 (DMSO) and in water] and several dodecapeptide analogues (in DMSO) were obtained. Homonuclear correlated spectroscopy resulted in the complete and unequivocal assignment of all backbone and side-chain resonances of the peptides. The solution conformation of the pheromones was probed using two-dimensional (2D) nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) and rotating frame nuclear Overhauer effect spectroscopy (ROESY). The 2D NOE results, and results of complementary one-dimensional experiments, suggest that a type II β-turn is assumed by the central portion of active pheromones in both DMSO and water. Inactive analogues of the α-factor do not exhibit this structural feature. Except for this one β-turn, the nmr parameters for α-factor are indicative of a conformationally flexible molecule in both solvents. This conclusion is in contrast to that of other researchers who have proposed a highly structured conformation of α-factor in aqueous solution.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 90
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An extensive series of experiments has been performed to study the mobility of DNA fragments ranging in size from 2.0 to 48.5 kilobose pairs. By varying the agarose concentration in the gels and the electric field strength, three DNA electrophoresis regimes were clearly identified: the Ogston regime (small DNA fragments in large pores of agarose), the reptation regime without DNA chain stretching (small pores of agarose and weak electric fields), and the reptation regime with DNA chain stretching (small pores of agarose, strong electric fields, and large DNA fragments). Here we report on the experimental identification of these regimes and on the conditions governing the transition between each of them. The onset of reptation and of stretching of DNA chains in gel electrophoresis are described quantitatively for the first time, and a phase diagram for the dynamics of DNA during electrophoresis is presented.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 27 (1988), S. 683-701 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Several amino terminal fragments of the emerimicins (Ac-Phe1-Aib2-Aib3-Aib4-Val5-Gly6-Leu7-Aib8-Aib9-Hyp10-Gln11-D-Iva12-Hyp13-Ala/Aib14-Phol15) ranging in length from five to ten residues have been synthesized. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies have been carried out on the 1-5, 6-10, 1-6, 1-7, 1-8, 1-9, and 1-10 fragments. The number of solvent-shielded NH groups in CDCl3 solutions for 1-5, 1-6, 1-7, 1-8, 1-9, and 1-10 indicate that 310-helical structures are favored in this solvent. In (CD3)2SO, an additional NH group, assigned to Aib(3) NH is solvent exposed in the fragments longer than six residues, suggesting partial unfolding of the N-terminal β-turn or transition to an α-helical conformation. The data for fragment 6-10 are consistent with a conformation having a single Leu-Aib β-turn. Infrared studies suggest an increase in the number of intramolecular hydrogen bonds with increasing peptide chain length. Appreciable mitochondrial uncoupling activity is observed for peptides with a chain length of at least seven residues. The order of efficiencies of the fragments is 1-7 〈 1-8 ∼ 1-10 〈 1-9, with the decapeptide exhibiting anomalously low uncoupling activity.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 92
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The molecular and crystal structures of three monothiated analogues of the blocked L-Ala-Aib-L-Ala sequence of peptaibol antibiotics, t-Boc-L-Ala-Aib-ψ(CSNH)-L-Ala-OMe, Ac-L-Ala-Aib-ψ(CSNH)-L-Ala-OMe, and Ac-ψ(CSNH)-L-Ala-Aib-L-Ala-OMe, determined by x-ray diffraction analyses, are reported. In all cases the peptide chain is folded with ϕ,ψ angles close to or slightly distorted from those expected for a type II β-bend conformation. However, the 4 → 1 H-bond distance falls within the accepted limits only for Ac-L-Ala-Aib-ψ(CSNH)-L-Ala-OMe. The structures are compared with those already published for their two oxygenated analogues.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 27 (1988), S. 805-819 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The folded nature of an intramolecular antiparallel β-sheet suggests that the introduction of this structure into a statistical coil might be accompanied by a contraction of the chain. The magnitude of the contraction, and the conditions that produce the maximum contraction, have been assessed by the combination of generator matrices with an earlier formulation for the configuration partition function. The results show that the mean square dimensions do indeed pass through a minimum upon the transition from a statistical coil to an antiparallel β-sheet. The depth of the minimum is relatively insensitive to the values of δ and τ, provided the assignments are within the physically sensible range. (The borders of the ordered region are assumed to be of higher energy than the interior.) In contrast with the depth of the minimum, the β-sheet content that produces the minimum is quite sensitive to plausible variation in δ and τ. A much greater collapse of the chain can be produced by antiparallel β-sheet formation than that found in the course of the helix-coil transition. The collapse may cause the volume pervaded by the chain to come within an order of magnitude of the volume characteristic of the globular state.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 94
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The crystal structure of the antitumor antibiotic actinomycin D has been determined by the methods of x-ray crystallography. There are three independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. Two of the molecules form a hydrogen-bonded dimer. The peptides within all three molecules have very similar conformations. The greatest conformational variability in the drug molecules occurs in the torsion angles of the bonds connecting the phenoxazone ring to the peptide rings. The results of this analysis has allowed us to explain the unusual physical properties of ActD as well as to provide an explanation for the thermodynamics of its interactions with DNA.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 27 (1988), S. 675-682 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The sedimentation coefficient sN of the DNA topoisomer with the linking number N is evaluated as a function of N and chain length on the basis of a (circular) twisted wormlike chain, i.e., a special case of the helical wormlike chain. Evaluation is carried out by an application of the Oseen-Burgers procedure of hydrodynamics to the cylinder model with the preaveraged Oseen tensor. The necessary mean reciprocal distance between two contour points is obtained by a Monte Carlo method. It is shown that sN increases as |ΔN| is increased from 0 in the range of small |ΔN|, where ΔN = N - N, with N the number of helix turns in the linear DNA chain in the undeformed state. It is found that there is semiquantitative agreement between the Monte Carlo values and the experimental data obtained by Wang for sN.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 27 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 27 (1988), S. 717-732 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High-resolution 2H-nmr is employed to monitor the D2O in hydrated solids of Li-DNA prepared from solution by three different methods: lyophilization, slow evaporation of the water, and wet spinning in alcohol. From the spectral shapes and spin-spin relaxation measurements, the DNA in the lyophilized samples is found to be locally ordered with a domain size of ∼ 0.4 μm. Much longer range macrosopic ordering is found in samples prepared by slow evaporation of the water. Here the DNA spontaneously assembles into a structure that is probably cholesteric, in which the pitch axis is perpendicular to the plane on which the DNA dried. The wet-spinning method produces macroscopically, uniaxially oriented DNA molecules with a maximum helix axis disorder of 12°. To aid in the comparison between calculated and experimental line shapes, a two-dimensional technique is employed to separate the contributions to the line width arising from DNA static disorder, magnetic inhomogeneities, and spin-spin relaxation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 27 (1988), S. 763-774 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The cation sensitivity of linear and lateral assembly processes of thrombin- and reptilase-activated fibrinogen was examined. Analytic ultracentrifugation shows that the linear assembly of fibrin oligomers (protofibrils) is neither cation dependent nor sensitive to chelating agents. Protofibrils generated with thrombin-hirudin gelate with either 1-2 mM Ca(II) or 15-100 μM Zn(II). By contrast, protofibril B, generated with reptilase-diisopropylfluorophosphonate, gelates only with Ca(II) but is insensitive to Zn(II). These results indicate that the release of fibrinopeptides A and B (FPA and FPB) expose two types of lateral binding sites that are sensitive to Ca(II) and Zn(II) respectively. Transmission electron (TEM) micrographs of negatively stained gels indicate that the linear packing of the monomers within the fibrin- and cation-induced protofibrin fibers is essentially identical. Scanning electron (SEM) micrographs show that the Ca(II)-induced protofibrin B gel is similar to fibrin. In all, it seems that branching and gelation derive from two types of cation-sensitive, lateral associative processes. Based on these findings, a new paradigm for fibrin coagulation is proposed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 99
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We used time-dependent fluorescence energy transfer to determine the distribution of donor-to-acceptor distances in native and denatured troponin I(TnI). The single tryptophan residue (Trp 158) of TnI served as the donor (D), and the acceptor (A) was a labeled cysteine residue (Cys 133). The time-dependent intensity decays of the donor were measured by the frequency-domain method from 10 to 320 MHz. The frequency response of the donor emission, in the absence and presence of acceptor, was used to recover the distribution of D to A distances, using an algorithm that accounts for the intrinsic multiexponential decay of the donor. In the native state the D-A distribution is characterized by an average distance of 23 Å and a half-width of 12 Å. Denaturation results in a modest increase in the average distance to 27 Å, and a dramatic increase in half-width to 47 Å. We believe the ability to recover distance distributions will have numerous applications in the characterization of biological macromolecules.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 27 (1988), S. 865-881 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The β-lactamases (EC 3.5.2.6) from Bacillus licheniformis 749/C, Enterobacter cloacae P99, and TEM plasmid RP4 are studied in 10-14% (w/v) polyethyleneglycol (PEG) 8000 solutions at pH 6.5 by x-ray scattering and in 18% PEG by equilibrium sedimentation. Although all three enzymes crystallize with twofold crystal symmetry from PEG 8000, it is not possible in this study to prove that dimerization occurs; however, both techniques give evidence for association above 1% (w/v) protein concentration. For the B. lichen., P99, and TEM enzymes, a dimerization of at most 0, 5, and 10% (v/v), respectively, account for the variation of radii of gyration Rg with concentration, after accounting for the effects of nonideality. Apparent Rg were 3-5% smaller in PEG solution than in PEG-free solution. Enhanced ordering of the molecules in PEG solution or the presence of a PEG-depleted hydration shell around the enzymes can account for the observation of reduced Rg values. Accordingly, values of the partial specific volume (defined at constant chemical potential of PEG) indicate considerable PEG exclusion and are consistent with the ability of high Mr PEGs to induce crystallization of these enzymes.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...