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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of the nucleus of the oculomotor nerve (somatic efferent portion) of the cat (1976)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 149 (1976), S. 323-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Oculomotor nucleus ; Ultrastructure ; Synapses ; Membrane apposition ; Motoneurons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure, of the somatic efferent portion of the nucleus of the oculomotor nerve was studied in four adult cats. The neuronal population is composed of neurons of variable size. A continuous pattern of morphological aspects is evident between the large neurons, which show abundant cytoplasm with well developed organelles and the small neurons which have a reduced amount of cytoplasm. The dendrites are generally smooth, with few short spines. Axo-somatic and axo-dendritic synapses are numerous. Synaptic boutons are also present on the axon hillock. The neuropil is characterized by the occurrence of small groups of dendrites which may be in direct touch with their membranes. Direct membrane appositions may also occur between neighbouring neurons and between the cell somata and tangentially running dendrites. Generally beneath the site of apposition there is accumulation of mitochondria, multivesicular bodies, coated vesicles and moderately dense amorphous material. The morphological features suggest the possibility of cellular interchanges at the sites of direct membrane apposition. Five types of synaptic boutons were recognized on the basis of their vesicular content, the presence of abundant filaments in the pre-synaptic bag, the occurrence of post-synaptic specializations. The, different synaptic types and their distribution are similar to those reported in the spinal motor nuclei. Many of the synapses make synaptic contacts with two or more post-synaptic elements. Axo-axonic synapses were also observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315448
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the surface principal cells of the large intestine in postnatal developing rats (1976)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 149 (1976), S. 155-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Large intestinal epithelium ; Postnatal development ; Rat ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The principal cells of the surface of the cecum, the ascending colon, and the descending colon in postnatal developing rats were investigated using both light and electron microscopy. In rats 1 to 14 days old the ultrastructure of the surface principal cells in the cecum and ascending colon were characterized by apical tubulo-vacuolar systems and large supranuclear vacuoles similar to those in the absorbing cells of the neo-natal ileum as reported by Clark, 1959, and others. After about the 16th day, the special membrane system disappears from the principal cells of the proximal large intestine. On the other hand, in the descending colon, this special membrane system was absent from the cytoplasmic matrix of the epithelium. It is thought that the proximal portion of the large intestine together with the distal part of the small intestine actively participate in the absorption of protein molecules at least during the early postnatal period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317895
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Le cortex cérébral des malades atteints d'hydrocéphalie à pression normale (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 34 (1976), S. 353-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Normal pressure hydrocephalus ; Human cerebral cortex ; Ultrastructure ; Extracellular space
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A cortical biopsy was taken at the time when ventricular pressure was measured, or a ventriculo-atrial shunt placed, in 11 patients with Normal Pressure Hyprocephalus (N.P.H.), and was studied with the electron microscope. In 9 cases, a rather typical electron microscopic picture with marked increase of extracellular space in an otherwise normal cortical neuropil was observed. 2 patients did not exhibit this pattern and, coincendentally, did not benefit from the placing of the shunt. As a control, about 600 cortical biopsies that had been taken for other reasons were reviewed. In the group, there were only 3 cortices that had a pattern of increased extracellular space similar to the described in N.P.H. On review of the clinico-pathologic data of these cases, it was felt that all 3 probably represented cases of normal pressure hydrocephalus. It is concluded that the ultrastructure of the cerebral cortex is of at least nosological interest in the study of N.P.H.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00696564
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dense core mitochondria in peripheral ganglia of man (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 36 (1976), S. 85-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Mitochondrial inclusions ; Mitochondria ; Peripheral ganglia ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neuronal perikarya of peripheral ganglia contained unusual dense core mitochondria that were not seen in other cell types or tissues of the same individual. They were found in several patients autopsied with GM1-gangliosidosis and neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis. Previous observations on human sympathetic ganglia, obtained by biopsy, and our findings suggest that these dense core mitochondria might represent a rare but regular feature of neuronal perikarya in peripheral ganglia of man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685151
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extraocular muscles light microscopy and ultrastructural features (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 34 (1976), S. 237-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Strabismus ; Extraocular muscles ; Hirano bodies ; Ultrastructure ; Luse bodies ; Leptomeres
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirty extraocular muscles (EOM) from 20 patients were evaluated by light microscopy (LM), electron microscopy (EM), and enzyme histochemistry (EZH). Twenty-one EOM were obtained from 13 patients with strabismus, 9 EOM from 4 patients undergoing eye surgery for other reasons and from 3 autopsy cases. One μm thick sections revealed marked variation in muscle fibre shape and size and in myofibrillar structure; also noted were small, hypertrophied, whorled, and ringbinden fibres. Dense and granular material in the central portion of some fibres and sarcomere disruption in 2–3 μm sections was observed. EZH revealed the absence of the classical mosaic pattern usually found in skeletal muscles. ATPase studies were inconsistent and did not correlate with the expected reciprocal activity of NAD-H diaphorase, particularly on the large fibres. Ultrastructural features consisted of vacuoles within myofilament bundles, “smearing” of Z bands, and “nemaline rods”. Occasional myelin figures and lipid-like droplets were observed in subsarcolemmal spaces, associated with scattered clusters of glycogen granules. Abnormal mitochondria and subsarcolemmal inclusions of dense and granular material were conspicuous. “Leptomeric” profiles, “Zebra bodies”, or “striated bodies” were noted in 8 EOM's, and an Hirano body was found in 1. The intramuscular nerves contained structures resembling “Luse bodies” in 7 cases. These observations suggest that EOM from individuals with and without strabismus possess unique structural characteristics suggestive of developmental and morphological disarrangement of contractile elements. Some of these changes might play a role in the pathogenesis of strabismus and in the development of clinical symptoms. These features are significantly different from striated skeletal muscle. Therefore the criteria used in the pathological evaluation and diagnosis of skeletal muscle disorders cannot be unequivocally applied to EOM investigations. These data establish the necessity to determine histological norms, ultrastructural patterns, and develop new enzyme histochemistry criteria for the evaluation of EOM. Only then can an acceptable comparison of EOM and skeletal muscle be made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688678
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The protracted form of juvenile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 36 (1976), S. 393-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Ceroid lipofuscinosis ; Juvenile or adult ; Protracted form ; Lipopigments ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Clinical and ultrastructural findings consisting of curvilinear and fingerprint residual bodies, in a protracted juvenile form of NCL are reported from a woman who died at the age of 35 years. Homochrony and homotypy of her brother's illness emphasize intrafamilial similarities within subgroups of lysosomal disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00699645
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural changes in blood vessels of peripheral nerves in leprosy neuropathy (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 35 (1976), S. 159-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Leprosy neuropathy ; Ultrastructure ; Angiopathy ; Basement membrane ; “Blood-nerve barrier”
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Radial or superficial peroneal nerve biopsies of 6 patients with tuberculoid or borderline-tuberculoid leprosy and 6 control nerve biopsies were examined by electron microscopy. Endoneurial blood vessels showed histopathology in all the leprosy patients. Changes, in particular, involved the basement membrane in postcapillary venules and venules. Multilayered parellel basement membranes, with collagen and ground substance, formed a thick coat (“hyaline zone”) around the vessels. It is suggested that the zone inhibits passage of nutrients and metabolites and, thus, contributes to or is the main cause of the local destruction of (unmyelinated) nerve fibres and the lack of nerve fibre regeneration observed in this type of leprosy. The perivascular zone, presumably, is produced by pericytes in response to defects in the “blood-nerve barrier” of endoneurial vessels. In granulomata of leprosy skin lesions, a perivascular zone was not present. The endothelium of endoneurial vessels, in affected nerves, generallywas normal. Occasionally, however, gaps and fenestrations were seen and there were histological indications that leakage of blood plasma had occurred through the gaps and through the basement membrane of the endothelium. Occlusion of endoneurial vessels was found only in the oldest patient and the degeneration of nerve fibres generally observed thus is considered not to be caused by ischaemia. Histopathology in epi-and perineurial vessels was definitely less pronounced than in endoneurial vessels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690562
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of a moderate halophilic ammonia-oxidizing bacterium, Nitrosococcus mobilis nov. sp. (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 107 (1976), S. 277-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Nitrosococcus mobilis ; Ammonia oxidizing bacterium ; Morphology ; Ultrastructure ; Physiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An ammonia-oxidizing bacterium was isolated from a sample of brackish water (North Sea, Harbour of Husum). It is a motile large coccus 1.5–1.7 μm in diameter. The extensive cytomembrane system occurring as flattened vesicles in the peripheral region of the cytoplasm and as intrusions into the center of the cytoplasm is to be emphasized as a characteristic mark of identification. The lithoauto-trophically growing bacterium turned out to be an obligate halophile. Because of its physiological and morphological properties, we assigned it to the genus Nitrosoccus and propose the name Nitrosococcus mobilis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425339
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Origin of sclerotia-like cells in submerged Claviceps purpurea producing clavine alkaloids (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 107 (1976), S. 321-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Claviceps purpurea ; Saprophytic ; Clavine alkaloids ; Ultrastructure ; Extended hyphae ; Blastospores
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ultrathin sectioning of submerged mycelium of Claviceps purpurea Tul. producing clavine alkaloids revealed yeast-like budding resulting in asexual sporesblastospores. These deciduous spores were born by extended hyphal cells and retained the same ultrastructure of cell organelles. Both the extended hyphae and the blastospores resembled the cells of ergot sclerotial tissue. A surface culture of C. purpurea Tul. producing no alkaloids was used as a reference.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425347
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ammonia-oxidizing bacterium, Nitrosovibrio tenuis nov. gen. nov. sp. (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 108 (1976), S. 105-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Ammonia oxidizing bacterium ; Nitrosovibrio tenuis ; Isolation ; Morphology ; Ultrastructure ; Physiology ; Taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An ammonia-oxidizing, autotroph growing, slender, curved rod was isolated from the soil of Hawaii. It is well distinguishable from any other nitrifying bacteria thus far described by their morphology. The cells are 1.1–3.0 μm long and 0.3–0.4 μm wide. They are motile by means of 1–4 subpolar to lateral flagella. In contrast to most of the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria the isolated vibrio is void of an extensive cytomembrane system. To categorize this not yet described species we propose to create the new genus Nitrosovibrio and to classify the isolated strain as Nitrosovibrio tenuis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425099
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of Nitrobacter in the presence of organic matter (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 108 (1976), S. 305-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Nitrobacter agilis ; Chemoorganotrophic growth ; Acetate ; Formate ; Pyruvate ; Yeast extract-peptone ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 1. After a resting period of up to 6 months cells of Nitrobacter agilis grow with acetate, formate, and pyruvate as carbon and energy source. Yeast extract and peptone were added to supply the organism with nitrogen and to meet possible vitamin requirements. 2. The length of the growth period depends on the substrate; it increases according to the following sequence: pyruvate, formate, acetate. The highest growth yield is observed with pyruvate, the lowest with formate. 3. O2 consumption is increased in the presence of substrates as compared to endogenous respiration. With pyruvate and acetate twice as much O2 is consumed, with formate 7 times, with yeast extractpeptone 10 times as much. 4. The ability of nitrite oxidation is largely preserved, except in cells grown with acetate or pyruvate in the presence of 0.015% yeast extract and peptone. Such cells have nearly no cytochrome a 1. Accordingly, the cytochrome spectra of nitrite oxidizers grown under chemoorganotrophic and lithoautotrophic conditions coincide qualitatively. 5. The nitrite oxidizing system is inducible. It is induced by nitrite but also by substances present in yeast extract and peptone. Cells grown on acetate and yeast extract and peptone (0.015%) require 3–4 weeks before they regain the ability to grow with nitrite. Cells grown chemoorganotrophically with the same substrates and yeast extract and peptone (0.15%) start growing with nitrite as energy source without a lag. 6. Cell size and form, distribution of storage materials, order and fine structure of double membranes are correlated with growth conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454857
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unusual cell structures in tumor-like formations of Gracilaria (Rhodophyta) (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 108 (1976), S. 167-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Red algae ; Gracilaria verrucosa ; Tumor-like formations ; Ultrastructure ; Viruses ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Plastids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This paper deals with electron microscopic observations on cultivated plants of the marine red alga Gracilaria verrucosa which developed simple galls; also sea collected material, without galls, had been studied. The galls showed unusual but characteristic cell structures, caterpillar-like bodies, containing rows of fusiform bodies. These were found mostly in the cytoplasm near the plastids, in one case connected with the endoplasmic reticulum, occasionally even inside the nucleus, and are described here, as far as we know, for the first time. It does not seem probable that the caterpillar-like bodies represent mitochondria or bacteria, but the hypothesis that fusiform bodies are related to virus-like structures is discussed. The normal tissues as well as the gall tissue of the laboratory plants contained, besides plastids typical for the red algae, another type of plastids characterized by tubular thylakoids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428947
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of infection of Cokeromyces recurvatus by Piptocephalis unispora (Mucorales) (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 109 (1976), S. 277-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Mucorales ; Piptocephalis ; Mycoparasitism ; Cokeromyces ; Yeastphase ; Appressorium ; Infection peg ; Penetration ; Haustorium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Infection of the mucoraceous host Cokeromyces recurvatus by Piptocephalis unispora was studied ultrastructurally, using a new technique involving yeast-phase cells of the host to obtain large numbers of infection sites for thin-sectioning. Morphologically, the haustorial apparatus was similar to that of fungi parasitic on higher plants, and comprised an appressorium, a neck region with a collar and a neck ring, and a lobed region surrounded by a sheath matrix enclosed in an extra-haustorial membrane. Penetration of the host by the infection peg probably involved both enzymatic degradation and physical pressure. Reaction of the host to infection is described and the results related to the theory of host infection by haustorial fungal parasites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446639
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative ultrastructural observations on the inhibited recovery of the hypoglossal nucleus from the axotomy response when regeneration of the hypoglossal nerve is prevented (1976)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 26 (1976), S. 141-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Rat ; Hypoglossal nucleus ; Inhibited regeneration ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron micrographs of the left hypoglossal nucleus were quantitatively analyzed in adult rats 52 to 98 days after transection of the left hypoglossal nerve and implantation of the proximal stump into the already innervated ipsilateral sternomastoid muscle, a procedure which prevented the transected nerve from regenerating. Many presynaptic boutons with clear spherical synaptic vesicles and symmetrical synapses were lost from the injured perikarya and dendrites. Some perikarya and dendrites (and, rarely, boutons) became electron dense, and astrocyte or microglial sheaths partly surrounded them. Numbers of dendrite profiles in the neuropil decreased. These statistically significant effects persisted throughout the postoperative period, whereas after axotomy with unimpeded nerve regeneration, these features would have returned to normal by 84 days postoperatively. It was therefore suggested that their recovery depended upon successful regeneration and reconnection of the hypoglossal nerve with the tongue. Subsurface cisterns, and profiles containing unusual inclusions, were numerically normal 52 to 98 days postoperatively, so it was suggested that their early response and recovery after simple axotomy might be entirely dependent on nerve disconnection and not on nerve reconnection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238278
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative ultrastructure of thyroid, tongue and eyelid lesions in the neuroma phenotype of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (1976)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 369 (1976), S. 249-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Thyroid ; Mucosal neuromas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron-microscopic and histochemical studies of thyroid tumor, tongue neuromas and eyelid neuromas from the lesions of a patient with medullary thyroid carcinoma were compared. In the thyroid tumor, a significant number of the C cells showed heterogeneity of granule types; no C cells, however, were identified in the tongue and eyelid neuromas. Amyloid was clearly shown by Congo red staining in the thyroid neoplasm and in the tongue neuromas. In all tissues, amyloid fibrils were found to be ultrastructurally closely associated with fibroblasts. These fingings suggest that the fibroblast rather than the C cell may have played the important role in the deposition of amyloid in this patient's thyroid carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427713
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Histogenese des Sarcoma idiopathicum multiplex haemorrhagicum (Morbus Kaposi) (1976)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 369 (1976), S. 215-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Kaposi's sarcoma ; Endothelial cells ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Das wesentliche histologische Substrat des M.K. ist charakterisiert durch eine Proliferation von Zügen spindelförmiger Zellen, durch zellig begrenzte Gefäßspalten und durch eine geringfügige zellulär-entzündliche Begleitreaktion. 2. Die Zellen, welche die Gefäßspalten begrenzen, vehalten sich wie Capillarendothelzellen. Sie zeigen eine starke alkalische Phosphatase-Reaktivität und eine deutliche Leucinaminopeptidase-Aktivität; sie enthalten typische Weibel-Palade Granula. 3. Die ultrastrukturelle Analyse der Tumorzellen läßt ferner gefäßsprossenartige Formationen mit und ohne Lumen erkennen, an deren Ausbildung in der Hauptsache wenig ausdifferenzierte Endothelzellen beteiligt sind. Daneben erscheinen fibroblastoide Tumorzellen die sich möglicherweise von den Perithelzellen herleiten lassen. 4. Typisch für M.K. sind Extravasation und Phagocytose von Erythrocyten mit intracytoplasmatischem Abbau und Einlagerung myelinartiger, an Schwannzellen erinnernde Figuren. 5. Folgerung: Der M.K. ist gekennzeichnet durch eine multifokale Neubildung kapillarartiger Strukturen mit einer progressiven sarkomatösen Entwicklung.
    Notes: Summary 1. Histologically, Morbus Kaposi is primarily characterized by a proliferation of streams composed of spindle-shaped cells, by vascular slits lined by cells, and by a minor cellular inflammatory reaction. 2. The cells lining the vascular slits resemble endothelial cells and exhibit strong alkaline phosphatase activity and a clear leucinaminopeptidase activity. They contain Weibel-Palade bodies. 3. The ultrastructural analysis of the tumor cells shows a proliferative formation resembling capillary sprouts with and without lumina. The lumina are composed primarily of poorly differentiated endothelial cells. A second typical cellular component are fibroblast-like tumor cells possibly derived from perithelial cells. 4. Indicative of M.K. are also extravasation and phagocytosis of erythrocytes with intracytoplasmic decomposition, and storage of myelinlike structures somewhat resembling Schwannian-cells. 5. Conclusion: M.K. is characterized by a multifocal neoplasia of capillary like structures and by a progressive sarcomatous development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427710
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Ultrastruktur und formalen Pathogenese des embryonalen Rhabdomyosarkoms (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 86 (1976), S. 55-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Rhabdomyoblast ; Cellular Differentiation ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Untersuchung werden die cytomorphologischen Merkmale eines embryonalen Rhabdomyosarkoms des Nasenrachenraumes bei einem 10 jährigen Jungen aufgezeigt. Aufgrund der Ultrastruktur lassen sich im Tumor 4 Zelltypen darstellen: 1. Undifferenzierte mesenchymale Tumorzellen mit großem, euchromatischem Zellkern und schmalem, organellenarmem Cytoplasma; 2. undifferenzierte Tumorzellen mit einem Netzwerk von Intermediärfilamenten (Durchmesser etwa 100 Å) im breiten Cytoplasma; 3. unreife Rhabdomyoblasten mit zunehmender Entwicklung spezifische Myofilamente (Myosin: 180–210 Å, Actin: 68–80 Å Durchmesser); 4. reife Rhabdomyoblasten mit Myofibrillen in sarkomerischer Gliederung (Sarkomerlänge: 1,8 μ). Die starken Glykogenablagerungen in einigen cytoplasmareichen Tumorzellen werden als Zeichen eines Degenerationsprozesses gedeutet. Die cellulären Entwicklungsstadien des embryonalen Rhabdomyosarkoms sind identisch mit dem Ablauf der Embryogenese sowie der Regeneration normaler quergestreifter Muskulatur. Daher bieten sich für die Entstehung des embryonalen Rhabdomyosarkoms zwei Denkmodelle an: 1. Entstehung des Tumors aus einer undifferenzierten mesenchymalen Tumorstammzelle und 2. Atypische Regeneration nach Schädigung der quergestreiften Muskulatur mit Übergang in ein autonomes Tumorwachstum. Die zweite Hypothese ist jedoch wenig wahrscheinlich, da bis heute weder morphologisch noch experimentell eine derartige Tumorentstehung nachgewiesen werden konnte und zudem ätiologisch gesicherte Faktoren zur Induktion von Rhabdomyosarkomen beim Menschen fehlen.
    Notes: Summary An embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the nasopharynx of a 10 year old boy is analysed with light and electron microscopy. With regard to cell shape and cytoplasmic features the following four tumour cell types could be distinguished: 1. Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells with a big loosely packed nucleus and a small cytoplasmic rim with only few cell organelles; 2. Undifferentiated tumour cells with a broad cytoplasmic body which contains a dense network of nonspecific intermediate filaments with a diameter of about 100 Å; 3. Immature rhabdomyoblasts with randomly orientated specific myofilaments; 4. Fully differentiated rhabdomyoblasts with well developed myofibrils often showing a sarcomeric pattern. Glycogen deposits which were seen in great masses in many tumour cells were regarded to result from degenerative processes within the tumour. The cellular stages in the development of rhabdomyoblasts are basically identical to those known from the embryogenesis and regeneration of striated muscle. From these observations the two following developmental pathways are suggested: 1. Origin of the tumour from an undifferentiated mesenchymal cell; 2. Atypical regeneration of striated muscle which terminates in malignant progressive tumour growth. At present, the body of information about rhabdomyosarcomas supports the assumption of an origin from immature mesenchymal cells. Nevertheless, the second theory cannot be totally excluded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304934
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevention by steroids of cerium hepatotoxicity (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 35 (1976), S. 115-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Cerium ; Microsomal enzyme inducers ; Pregnenolone-16α-car-bonitrile ; Estradiol ; Fatty liver ; Ultrastructure ; Triglycerides ; Cerium ; Arzneimittelmetabolisierende Enzyme ; Pregneno-lon-16α-carbonitril „PCN“ ; Oestradiol ; Leberverfettung ; Elektronenmi-kroskopie ; Triglyceride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nach Vorbehandlung mit Steroiden und mit nicht steroidartigen Substanzen (Pregnenolon-16α-carbonitril „PCN“, Dexamethason, Spironolacton, Phenobarbital), welche die arzneimittelmetabolisierenden Enzyme der Leber stimulieren, und nach Oestradiol, wurde die Sterblichkeit und die Lebertoxicität der weiblichen Ratte erheblich verändert. PCN, Oestradiol, Dexamethason senken die hepatischen Triglyceride wesentlich, jedoch erhöht Dexamethason die Sensitivität der Tiere für CeCl3 bedeutend. Spironolacton und Phenobarbital üben keine große Wirkung auf die Triglyceride aus. Licht- und Elektronenmikroskopie zeigten, daß die durch CeCl3 hervorgerufenen hepatocellulären Veränderungen durch PCN, Oestradiol und Dexamethason bedeutend verringert wurden. Die Steroide dürften die Verteilung und die Bindung des Metalles an das endoplasmatische Reticulum verändern, und somit diese Membranen vor Cerium schützen.
    Notes: Abstract In female rats, the lethality and hepatotoxicity of cerous chloride (CeCl3) were significantly altered by pretreatment with steroidal and nonsteroidal compounds (pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile “PCN”, dexamethasone, spironolactone, phenobarbital) that stimulate hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activity and by estradiol. PCN, estradiol, and dexamethasone considerably decreased hepatic triglycerides, but the latter steroid also greatly sensitized the animals to CeCl3 lethality. Spironolactone and phenobarbital similarly lowered the triglyceride level but not significantly. Light and electron microscopy indicated that the hepatocytic damage elicited by CeCl3 was decreased significantly by PCN, estradiol, and dexamethasone. The steroids may have altered the distribution and binding of the metal to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) thus protecting these membranes against the effect of cerium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00372765
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das zentrale Riesenzellgranulom (1976)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 371 (1976), S. 161-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Giant cell granuloma ; Histochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Cell function ; Osteoclasts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die mehrkernigen Riesenzellen des zentralen Riesenzellgranuloms entstehen durch Zellfusion aus den Pericyten der Kapillaren. In der vorliegenden Studie werden die Funktionsmerkmale der Riesenzellen durch Kombination histologischer, histochemischer und elektronenmikroskopischer Methoden untersucht. In den mehrkernigen Riesenzellen ließen sich in Übereinstimmung mit älteren Untersuchungen die lysosomalen Enzyme saure Phosphatase und Aminopeptidase nachweisen. Das lysosomale System der Riesenzellen befähigt diese zur aktiven Phagocytoseleistung. Darüber hinaus können sich die Riesenzellen neugebildeten Geflechtknochenbälkchen anlagern und osteoclastäre Funktionen übernehmen. Die enzymhistochemische und funktioneile Ähnlichkeit mit den mehrkernigen Osteoclasten wirft die Frage nach einer vergleichbaren Cytogenese beider Zellformen auf.
    Notes: Summary Multinucleated giant cells in giant cell granuloma are formed by cell fusion of capillary pericytes. In our present study we tried to analyze cell function and activity by histologic, histochemical, and electronmicroscopic examination of giant cells. Lysosomal enzymes such as acid phosphatase and amino-peptidase were found in giant cells which is in agreement with former work. By their lysosomal system giant cells are proved phagocytic. In addition, giant cells being localized at trabecular surfaces of newly formed woven bone may develop osteoclastic functions. The enzymatic and functional resemblance of giant cells and multinucleated osteoclasts points to the possibility of a similar cytogenesis of both cell types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00444932
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Giant cell tumor of soft parts (1976)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 371 (1976), S. 199-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Giant cell tumor of soft parts ; Histopathology ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The light-microscopic and ultrastructural findings in a case of so-called giant cell tumor of soft parts, localized at the dorsal side of the left foot of a 23-years-old male are described. An amputation of the lower extremity was performed and subsequently chemotherapy with adriamycin was given for 3 months. Despite the histology and cytologic malignant appearance and the evident vascular invasion, already present at the time of the first excision, the last known status 2 years later seems favorable. There are no pathologic lymph nodes in the groins and no signs of metastases on chest X-rays. From the electron-microscopic study no definite conclusion can be drawn as regards the histogenesis of this tumor. We feel, as do others, that many of the principal mononuclear tumor cells are poorly differentiated mesenchymal cells. Some of the neoplastic cells, however, show ultrastructural features suggestive of chondro- or osteoblasts (a well-developed r.e.r. containing electron-dense material; multiple Golgi complexes; masses of glycogen; interdigitating cell membrane villi; cytoplasmic filaments; an extracellular amorphous matrix). Some of the larger tumor cells have the submicroscopic aspects of histiocytes as described in osseous, cutaneous, or pulmonary lesions of the histiocytosis X group. As yet undetermined cytoplasmic inclusion bodies constitute another rare observation in our material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00433068
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early embryogenesis in Tropaeolum majus L.: Diversification of plastids (1976)
    Springer
    Planta 133 (1976), S. 15-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Tropaeolum, Embryogenesis ; Differentiation ; Plastids ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Embryogeny in the nasturtium is characterized by the development of a large, tripartite suspensor and storing cotyledons. A light and electron microscopic study revealed an early diversification of the plastids in the various regions of the suspensor and the embryo proper. Amyloplasts are found in the developing cotyledons of the heart-like embryo, while chloroplasts occur within the meristematic part of the embryo and the adjacent portion of the suspensor. The cells between the meristem and the storing cotyledons display undifferentiated leukoplasts, whereas leukoplasts with an electron-dense matrix occur in the basal cell mass of the embryo-suspensor. Etioplasts develop in several cells of the placental haustorium of the suspensor. The carpel haustorium shows rather undifferentiated leukoplasts, which are transformed into electron-dense plastids during autolysis of the suspensor. This early plastidal differentiation in discussed with respect to its control and functional significance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386000
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die Feinstruktur von Mammamischtumoren der Hündin (1976)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 371 (1976), S. 219-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Canine mammary gland ; Mixed tumor ; Myoepithelial cells ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden licht- und elektronenmikroskopisch Spindelzellen fischzugartiger Verbände in 19 Mammamisehtumoren von Hündinnen untersucht. Die elektronenmikroskopischen Befunde sprechen dafür, daß es sich bei den spindeligen Tumorzellen meist um Zellen myothelialen Ursprungs handelt. Es wurden jedoch auch spindelzellige Verbände gefunden, die aus Fibroblasten bzw. Pibrocyten bestehen. Im lichtmikroskopischen Bereich ist eine sichere Unterscheidung nicht in jedem Fall möglich.
    Notes: Summary Spindle cells of myomatous formations of 19 canine mixed mammary tumors were studied by light and electron microscopy. The EM findings indicate that the spindleshaped tumor cells are mostly of myoepithelial origin. However there were also formations of spindle cells which consisted of fibroblasts or fibrocytes. By light microscopy they are not always clearly distinguishable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00433069
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abnormal cilia in the bronchial mucosa (1976)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 371 (1976), S. 121-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Compound cilia ; Axial filament complex ; Bronchitis ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Atypical cilia in the bronchial mucosa of non-smoking women and in guinea-pig lungs were studied by the electron microscope. In human cases, numerous compound cilia were observed in the main bronchi. The largest one contained about 40 axial filament complexes in a ciliary shaft. Occasionally, atypical basal bodies were also seen. In the experimental model in guinea-pigs, 50% oxygen at one atmospheric pressure damaged the bronchial surface and resulted in degeneration and reduction of cilia and pellicular structures. The injury was not sufficiently severe to initiate adaptation and reparative mechanisms in the bronchial mucosa, and rapid renewal of the surface structures was found. The human cases were associated with bronchogenic carcinoma but the experimental model suggested that atypical cilia were not always related to pulmonary carcinogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00444928
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fine structure of the normal, resting terminal ductal-lobular unit of the female breast (1976)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 372 (1976), S. 205-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Breast ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of the terminal ductal-lobular unit (TDLU) of the normal, resting female breast is described. Tissue used conformed to strict criteria for normal. 4 distinct cell types, were observed, epithelium, myoepithelium, macrophages and lymphocytes. A gradation in structure, especially of myoepithelium, was found between the ductule tip and intralobular duct, apparently reflecting the age and function of each region. Cilia originating from the myoepithelial cells are possibly sensory in function. Epithelial vesicular inclusions may represent minimal secretory activity, transport of material across the cell, or be lysosomal in nature. The capillaries in close contact with the delimiting fibroblasts of the epithelial-stromal junction (ESJ) are described and the zone designated the capillary-fibroblast junction (CFJ). The CFJ is conceived as a regulatory unit similar to the ESJ, and may contribute to dysplasia due to biochemical or functional alterations, or to disruption of the microvascular geometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00433280
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural investigations of peripheral nerves in neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses (NCL) (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 213 (1976), S. 295-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis ; Lipopigments ; Ultrastructure ; π-granules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei einem Patienten mit spätinfantiler und 3 mit juveniler NCL wurden periphere Nerven verschiedener Herkunft (Armplexus, N. suralis und 2 Hirnnerven) elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Im Lichtmikroskop wurden keine signifikanten histologischen Veränderungen gefunden. Kurvilineäre und/oder Fingerabdruck-Einschlüsse konnten ultrastrukturell in jedem Fall festgestellt werden, und zwar hauptsächlich in Schwannschen Zellen. Außerdem fanden sich lamelläre π-granulaähnliche Cytosomen. Sie kamen in den juvenilen Fällen gewöhnlich gar nicht und in dem spätinfantilen Fall lediglich vereinzelt mit kurvilineären/Fingerabdruck-Profilen gemeinsam vor. Bei spärlichen Veränderungen an Axonen und Myelinscheiden könnten diese Cytosomen Zeichen einer chronischen Schädigung der Schwannschen zellen sein und die spezifische morphologische Ausprägung eines „cellulären Verschleißprozesses“ darstellen, wie er im Alter und bei der NCL diskutiert wird. Biopsien aus peripheren Nerven eignen sich aufgrund der zahlreichen π-Granula und ihrer Varianten weniger zur Diagnose der NCL als beispielsweise solche der Haut, der Skeletmuskulatur und des Rectums.
    Notes: Summary Specimens of brachial plexus, sural nerve and two cranial nerves of one patient with the Jansky-Bielschowsky type and 3 patients with the Spielmeyer-Sjögren type of NCL were studied by electron microscopy. Significant light microscopic changes were absent in all specimens. Ultrastructurally, curvilinear and/or fingerprint inclusions were present in each case, located chiefly in Schwann cells. These diagnostic findings were, however, overshadowed by masses of lamellar π-granule-like cytosomes, usually not mixed with curvilinear or finger-print profiles in the juvenile cases and only rarely associated with curvilinear profiles in the late infantile case. Since secondary changes of axons and myelin sheaths were mild, these lamellar cytosomes might indicate chronic damage to Schwann cells, perhaps by “wear and tear” as seen in aging as well as NCL. On account of the abundance of π-granules in NCL, peripheral nerve biopsy appears less suitable for confirming this diagnosis than biopsy of skin, striated muscle and rectal tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316269
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das zentrale Riesenzellgranulom (1976)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 370 (1976), S. 163-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Central giant cell granuloma ; Histogenesis ; Histochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bisherige Untersuchungen an zentralen Riesenzellgranulomen des Gesichts-Kieferbereiches haben die Histogenese dieser tumorähnlichen Knochenerkrankung nicht klären können. Wir untersuchten daher zwei bioptisch gesicherte zentrale Riesenzellgranulome unter dieser Fragestellung histochemisch und elektronenmikroskopisch. Histochemisch findet sich eine enge Enzymverwandtschaft zwischen den mehrkernigen Riesenzellen und den Pericyten der Kapillaren, die das Granulom dicht durchsetzen. Elektronenmikroskopisch zeigen sich typische Membranphänomene der Zellfusion zwischen den mehrkernigen Riesenzellen und den Pericyten. Die für das Granulom charakteristischen mehrkernigen Riesenzellen entstehen daher durch Zellfusion aus den Pericyten, die als ihre Stammzellen angesehen werden müssen. Da die Pericyten das Granulom auch in Form zahlreicher blinder Kapillarsprossen durchsetzen, erklärt sich die Entwicklung einer Vielzahl von Riesenzellen. Die Ursachen, die diesem Verhalten der Pericyten aetiologisch zugrunde liegen, sind unbekannt. Ob die Cytogenese der Riesenzellen des zentralen Riesenzellgranuloms Modellcharakter hat und analog auch für die Entwicklung von Riesenzellen in anderen Gewebsneubildungen oder für die Enstehung der mehrkernigen Osteoclasten gilt, muß weiteren Untersuchungen vorbehalten bleiben.
    Notes: Summary Until now numerous studies on central giant cell granuloma of jawbones have not been able to reveal the histogenesis of this tumourlike lesion. The aim of the present investigation in two surgically proven cases was to study this question by means of histochemical and electron-microscopic methods. Rather similar histochemieal properties were shown in giant cells and pericytes of capillary sprouts penetrating the granuloma. Cell fusion occurred between both cell types as was observed by electron microscopy. The process of cell fusion is defined by characteristic interdigitations of cell membranes. Therefore pericytes are believed to be the stem cells of multinucleated giant cells in giant cell granuloma. The abundance of giant cells usually occurring in the granuloma might be explained by plenty of capillary sprouts made up by clusters of pericytes. The factors inducing the pericytic cell fusion process are still unknown. The question arises whether cytogenesis of giant cells in giant cell granuloma might be similar in other giant cell lesions or even in the development of multinucleated osteoclasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430812
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of the zygospore in Endogone flammicorona Trappe & Gerdemann (1976)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 59 (1976), S. 117-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Zygospore ; Mycorrhizal fungus ; Flaming crown
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The ultrastructural organization of the spores of the sporocarp of Endogone flammicorona was studied. Two types of organization are described. Initially the spore possessed a vacuolate protoplasm and was bound by two cell wall layers. The spore was surrounded by a hyphal mantle formed of a sheet of vacuolized hyphae with uniformly thin walls. Secondly, although the ultrastructural features of the spore appeared the same, it was now surrounded by a hyphal mantle with unevenly thickened walls (i. e., the so-called flaming crown) due to the gradual and irregular deposition of granules and lamellae. This crown gives the spore its most commonly observed morphological feature and is the preminent character employed taxonomically to speciate Endogone flammicorona Trappe & Gerdemann.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00493564
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure and calcification of the scales of Tilapia mossambica (Peters) (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 167 (1976), S. 37-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Scale ; Tilapia ; Calcification ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The scales of Tilapia are surrounded by an envelope of scleroblasts responsible for the production of layers of collagen that constitute the bulk of the scale. The scleroblasts adjoining the lateral face of the oldest scale region gradually atrophy. New collagen layers are deposited against the inner face of the scale, the adjoining scleroblasts showing evidence of high metabolic activity. Calcification occurs by inotropic deposition of crystals alongside the fibres. There is no sharp demarcation between calcified and non-calcified scale regions, a calcification front gradually moving towards newly formed collagen layers. It is felt that fish scales should be considered as calcified derivatives of dermal collagen layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220158
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural studies on the vitellogenesis of Tetrodontophora bielanensis (Waga) (Collembola) (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 168 (1976), S. 399-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vitellogenesis ; Dictyosomes ; Micropinocytosis ; Ultrastructure ; Collembola
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vitellogenesis in Tetrodontophora bielanensis (Waga) is of the “mixed” type. Part of the yolk material is produced inside the oocyte (auto-synthesis), while part is absorbed by micropinocytosis. During autosynthesis polyribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum and dictyosomes take part. Regardless of their origin, mature yolk spheres are constructed identically and are composed of three elements: cortex layer, matrix and crystals. Histochemical tests show that polysaccharides are present in the yolk spheres. Lipid droplets have been observed in the ooplasm; they develop without visible contact with any of the organelles. Among the reserve materials the following have been found: rough endoplasmic reticulum, dictyosomes, polyribosomes, mitochondria and a few microtubules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215316
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of calcium depletion and subsequent repletion on parathyroids, parafollicular (C) cells and bone in the growing pig (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 168 (1976), S. 373-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Calcium ; Bone ; Parathyroid ; Parafollicular cells ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the chief cells of the parathyroid gland and thyroid parafollicular (C) cells and the morphology of bone in calcium depletion and subsequent repletion were examined in young growing pigs. A low calcium diet resulted in osteopenia, increased removal of the cartilaginous core, osteoclasia and osteocytic osteolysis. Subsequent repletion quickly returned bone to normal. In pigs fed the low calcium diet, there was a marked depletion of secretory granules but a striking increase in the number of microtubules in chief cells. Increasing the calcium content of the diet to normal quickly returned the ultrastructural appearance of chief cells to apparent normal. In the initial response to calcium repletion, chief cells exhibited large number of lysosomes and occasionally prominent paracrystalloid bodies. Electron microscopic examination of parafollicular (C) cells of the thyroid gland failed to reveal differences in ultrastructure between test and control pigs. These findings support the view that bone resorption following calcium deficiency may be the result of a secondary hyperparathyroidism rather than of calcium deficiency per se.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215314
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure and permeability of lymph node microvasculature in the mouse (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 168 (1976), S. 507-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lymph node microvasculature ; Ultrastructure ; Permeability ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The microvasculature of lymph nodes and Peyer's patches consists of arterioles, capillaries and venules. The postcapillary segment comprises high-endothelial venules (HE venules) as well as ordinary venules. In order to study the ultrastructure of the microvasculature, particularly with respect to the nature of intercellular junctions, lanthanum and ruthenium red were used as tracers. Furthermore, to evaluate the permeability properties of the different segments of the microvasculature, intravenously injected horseradish peroxidase (HRP; MW: 40,000) was used. All segments of the microvasculature are permeable to HRP. However, the mechanism of transport across the vascular wall varies in the different segments, apparently correlated with a gradual decrease in number of transport vesicles and a gradual attenuation in the sealing of the endothelial cells. Tight junctions are present in arterioles, and it is assumed that HRP reach the basal lamina exclusively by vesicular transport. Incomplete or focal tight junctions are present in the capillaries, and both intercellular and vesicular pathways are observed. In the venules the intercellular pathway seems to be the dominant one, while vesicular transfer is negligible. However, some micropinocytic vesicles in the HE venule endothelial cells probably represent the initial stage of an intracellular digestion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216000
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of the human fetal pineal gland (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 169 (1976), S. 7-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Human fetal pineal organ ; Innervation ; Cell junctions ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The innervation of the pineal gland, the cell junctions in this organ and junctions between ependymal cells in the pineal recess were investigated in 27 human fetuses (crown-rump length 30–190 mm). Free nerve boutons containing clear and a few dense core vesicles were present in the pineal parenchyma and in the perivascular spaces. The boutons did not make “synaptic” contacts with the pinealocytes. No evidence for the presence of noradrenaline in the vesicles of nerve boutons was found. Gap junctions, intermediate-like junctions and desmosomes were frequently seen between the pinealocytes. Ruthenium red was used in three fetuses as an extracellular marker. The continuous endothelial cells surrounding the capillary lumen were connected by tight junctions. This indicates the presence of a blood-brain barrier. Tight junctions were present between the ependymal cells in the pineal recess. These junctions constitute an extracellular barrier between the pineal and the cerebrospinal fluid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219303
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis of the japanese quail, Cotumix coturnix japonica (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 172 (1976), S. 227-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Organum vasculosum ; Lamina terminalis ; Ultrastructure ; Quail (Coturnix)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structure of the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) of the Japanese quail has been studied by light and electron microscopy. The OVLT has a palisade arrangement. It forms a part of the terminal plate extending from the optic chiasma to the anterior commissure and is characterized by a special vascular arrangement. The organ consists of ependymal, internal and external zones. The ventricular surface of the organ is covered by non-ciliated ependymal cells characterized by the presence of raspberry-like ventricular protrusions. The ependymal zone is composed of two types of ependymal cells, one being a large, cuboidal cell with voluminous cytoplasmic protrusions suggesting secretion into ventricle, and the other a slender tanycyte with long basal processes which form a structural link between ventricle and vascular plexus of the external surface. The internal zone contains two types of secretory neurons, parvocellular neurons containing a few dense-cored granules 1,000 Å in diameter, and mediocellular neurons containing in their perikarya many larger granules 1,300–1,500 Å in diameter and well developed granular endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. The granular formations are usually observed in the Golgi area of both types of cells, thus indicating of their secretory activities. There are three types of nerve terminals in the neuropil: (1) nerve endings containing spherical, dense-cored granules 800 Å in diameter in addition to a majority of synaptic vesicles 400 Å in diameter, which display axosomatic synapses with perikarya of the neurons, (2) nerve endings containing dense-cored granules 1,000 Å in diameter and clear vesicles 400 Å in diameter, and (3) nerve endings containing dense granules 1,300 Å in diameter and clear vesicles. Types 2 and 3 do not display axo-somatic synapses but often show axo-dendritic synaptic contacts with dendrites in the neuropil; thus they are probably axons originating from the parvocellular and mediocellular neurons of this organ. The functional significance of the neurons and axons of the OVLT is discussed and it is suggested that two kinds of neurohormones may be secreted from the OVLT of the Japanese quail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226029
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of a low calcium diet on the ultrastructure of the parathyroid gland of chicks (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 173 (1976), S. 71-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Parathyroid gland ; Chicks ; Low calcium diet ; Ultrastructure ; Secretory granules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of a low calcium diet on the ultrastructure of the parathyroid gland in the chick was examined. Two-week-old White Leghorn chicks were fed a low calcium diet (calcium content 0.63%) for two weeks. In these chicks, the parathyroid glands are grossly enlarged. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the chief cells are evident. The plasma membranes between adjacent cells are relatively straight but interdigitate in some places. Chief cells contain occasional membrane-limited secretory granules (150–350 mμ in diameter) and with contents of variable electron density. Secretory granules are distributed randomly but some are closely applied to the plasma membrane. There is an increase in the development of the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. The Golgi complex is enlarged and consists of cisternae arranged in concentric layers, smooth-surfaced and coated vesicles and condensing vacuoles. Dilatations of the cisternae at several points are observed. Mitochondria and filaments are also encountered. These morphological features suggest that low calcium intake stimulates the synthetic activity of the chief cells of the chick parathyroid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219266
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    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of basal cells of rat and dog prostate (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 173 (1976), S. 543-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Prostate ; Rat ; Dog ; Basal cells ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the basal cells of rat lateral and ventral prostate and of dog prostate has been studied. Basal cells from both species appear as undifferentiated cells, characterised by a lack of cytoplasmic organelles and a poorly developed Golgi complex and endoplasmic reticulum. The presence of cytoplasmic filaments and micropinocytosis is not considered to be sufficient evidence to assume any similarity to myoepithelium, as has been previously suggested. Basal cells are instead considered to be precursors of secretory epithelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224313
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  • 36
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    Electronic Resource
    The pineal gland of the mole-rat (Spalax ehrenbergi, Nehring) (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 174 (1976), S. 1-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pinealocytes ; Proteinaceous material ; Ultrastructure ; Mole-rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les pinéalocytes de la glande pinéale du Spalax ehrenbergi (animal ayant un appareil visuel atrophié et vivant toujours dans une obscurité complète) examinés au microscope électronique ont été comparés à ceux d'autres Mammifères. Deux populations de pinéalocytes (I and II) ont été observées. Elles diffèrent par la localisation dans la glande, l'aspect du noyau et l'aspect sécrétoire des pinéalocytes. Mitochondries, ribosomes, réticulum endoplasmic granulaire, structures lysosomiales, inclusions lipidiques et grains de glycogène sont présents dans le périkaryon des deux populations de pinéalocytes. De rares grains de sécrétion furent observés dans le corps cellulaire des pinéalocytes I, leur origine golgienne, probable, n'a pu encore être démontrée. De plus, dans le périkaryon de ce type de pinéalocytes des concentrations de ribosomes et de citernes du réticulum endoplasmique granulaire furent toujours observées. La présence d'une accumulation de matériel protéique dans quelques citernes du réticulum endoplasmique granulaire et entre les deux feuillets de l'enveloppe nucléaire est caractéristique des pinéalocytes II. L'origine de ces élements particuliers est discutée.
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of pinealocytes of the mole-rat (Spalax ehrenbergi), a blind subterranean mammal living in complete darkness, was examined and compared with pinealocytes of other mammals. Two different populations of pinealocytes (I and II) were observed. They differed in general aspect, in location and especially in their content of cell organelles involved in synthetic processes. Mitochondria, ribosomes, granular endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, lipid inclusions and glycogen granules were present in the perikarya of pinealocytes of both populations. In the pinealocyte of population I some granular vesicles were occasionally observed in the cell body. Their presumed origin from the Golgi apparatus could not be clearly demonstrated. In the perikaryon of this pinealocyte, concentrations of ribosomes and of cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum were constantly observed. These concentrations may indicate an intensive synthetic activity. Pinealocytes of population II were characterized by accumulations of proteinaceous material in some cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum and between the two layers of the nuclear membrane. The origin of these peculiar elements is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222147
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    Electronic Resource
    The relation between cell proliferation, differentiation and ultrastructural development in rat intestinal epithelium (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 174 (1976), S. 183-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Rat small intestine ; Differentiation ; Ultrastructure ; Morphometry ; X-irradation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural development of the principal cells in rat small intestine was studied by morphometric analyses in relation to the exact cell position along crypt and villus. From the bottom to the tip of the crypt, a gradual increase occurred in absolute size of the total cell, the cytoplasm, the terminal web and of nearly all cell organelles. Also, the relative size of the cytoplasm, mitochondria, microvilli and endoplasmic reticulum increased during crypt cell differentiation. No sudden changes in ultrastructure were observed in the so-called “critical decision zone”, normally located halfway up the crypt where the proliferative activity ceases. At the crypt-villous junction a 1.4–3 fold increase in cell size, cytoplasm, terminal web and of most organelles was noted. Expansion of the proliferative cell compartment over the total length of the crypt as occurs during recovery after a low X-irradiation dose (72 h after 400 R) does not affect the normal development of cellular ultrastructure. These findings are discussed in relation to biochemical and cell kinetic data.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222158
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  • 38
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    Electronic Resource
    Retinal alterations induced by continuous light in immature rats (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 166 (1976), S. 201-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Electroretinography ; Retinal degeneration ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immature albino rats were exposed to continuous illumination for 5–93 days and the light induced ultrastructural and electroretinographic changes were studied. Another group was exposed to continuous light for 7–9 days and then kept in complete darkness, or in cyclic light-dark up to 90 days. By comparison with the results obtained in adult animals, lesions appeared faster in the immature group. Tubular transformation of rods, phagocytosis of altered outer and inner segments with resulting changes in retinal organization, synaptic degeneration in the outer plexiform layer, and cell lysis of some photoreceptor cell perikarya are described. ERG recovery, following the period of darkness or cyclic light-dark, was only partial, the amplitude of the “b” wave reached only 50–60% of the control preillumination values. However, the fine structure of the recovered outer segments was similar to that found in normal retinae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227041
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  • 39
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    Electronic Resource
    Correlation between suckling-induced changes in the ultrastructure of mammotrophs and prolactin release (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 166 (1976), S. 399-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Mammotrophs ; Prolactin ; Lactation ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Effects of suckling on the structure of mammotrophs and the release of prolactin, were studied in rats on the 10th day of lactation with the use of electron microscopy and radioimmunoassay techniques. Nursing animals were separated from their young for 8 hr and subsequently united and permitted to nurse for 1, 5, 15, 30 min; or 1, 2 and 4hr. Blood samples were obtained prior to and throughout the suckling interval and pituitary glands were processed for electron microscopy. Control animals consisted of normal lactating females and animals separated from their young for 8 hr. Normally lactating controls had high prolactin serum levels (501±95 ng/ml) and synthetically active appearing mammotrophs. An 8 hr separation from the pups induced a dramatic lowering of serum prolactin (32±5 ng/ml), an increase in secretory granule storage, and a great dilation of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) cisternae. Five min of renewed suckling resulted in a rise of plasma prolactin levels (605±183 ng/ml) which remained high thereafter. The major ultrastructural changes observed during the first 30 min of suckling were as follows: 1) at 1 min, the RER became collapsed suggesting a discharge of its contents (soluble hormone?); 2) at 5 min, and much more obviously at 15 and 30 min, a massive discharge of secretory granules was observed; and 3) at 15 and 30 min, the collapsed RER underwent transformation from lamellar into a vesicular form. Prolonged suckling (for 1, 2 and 4 hr) induced new hormone synthesis as suggested by the presence of hypertrophied Golgi elements and numerous immature granules. This was accompanied by a new transformation of the RER from the vesicular into a lamellar form now consisting of very slender cisternae lined with numerous ribosomes, presumably involved in the renewal of the synthetic process. The morphologic findings described correlate well with the time table of prolactin release. In addition, the dramatic early changes in the structure of the RER suggest a possible involvement of this organelle in the storage and release of a proposed rapidly releasable pool of prolactin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220134
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative morphological study of smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig taenia coli (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 170 (1976), S. 161-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Smooth muscle ; Intestine ; Ultrastructure ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A quantitative study of muscle cells of the guinea-pig taenia coli is reported. Stereological methods were used on electron micrographs and phase contrast micrographs. Smooth muscle cells of taeniae fixed under 1 gram load were about 515 μm long. Muscle cell volume was about 3,500 μm3 and cell surface 5,300 μm2. About 168,000 caveolae were found at the surface of each muscle cell, covering about 29 percent of its surface. They produced a 73 percent increase of the cell membrane compared to a smooth-surfaced cell. The ratio surface-to-volume is about 1∶0.67 if the geometrical surface is considered, or 1∶0.39 if the total surface of the cell membrane (including the caveolae) is considered. Mitochondria constituted 3.5–4 percent of the cell volume. A few nexuses were observed, both between two muscle cells and between a muscle cell and an interstitial cell. In serial sections septa of connective tissue and groups of muscle cells were found to disappear within few tens of microns or to merge with other septa, and the taenia did not appear to be divided into clear-cut muscle cell bundles. Bundles of smooth muscle cells were seen passing from the taenia to the underlying circular muscle. The transverse sectional area of the taenia ranged between 0.14 and 0.39 mm2; it showed about 526 blood vessels · mm-2.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224297
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  • 41
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    Electronic Resource
    Structural changes in smooth muscle cells during isotonic contraction (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 170 (1976), S. 187-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Smooth muscle ; Contraction ; Taenia coli ; Ultrastructure ; Collagen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig taenia coli were studied in light and electron microscopy, in condition of mild stretch or of isotonic contraction. During contraction the cells increase in transverse sectional area and their packing density passes from 94,000 · mm-2 to 18,000 · mm-2. The percentage increase in transverse sectional area of the taenia is approximately the same as the percentage decrease in length. Measurements of cell transverse sectional area suggest that the individual cells shorten and fatten more than the taenia as a whole. Whereas stretched muscle cells run parallel to each other and show a fairly smooth surface, isotonically contracted cells are twisted and entwine around each other. Their surfaces are covered with myriad processes and folds. Longitudinal, transverse or oblique stripes are seen in light microscopy in the contracted muscle cells and it is suggested that they are related to the characteristics of the cell surface. In electron microscopy a complex pattern of interdigitating finger-like and laminar processes is observed. Caveolae are mainly found on the evaginated parts of the cell surface, dense patches are mainly (but not always) found on the invaginated parts. Desmosome-like attachments between contracted cells are frequent. The collagen fibrils run approximately parallel to the stretched muscle cells; on the other hand, they run obliquely and transversely around the isotonically contracted cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224298
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  • 42
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    Electronic Resource
    In vitro effects of histamine liberator compound 48/80 on rat superior cervical ganglia with special regard to the small granule-containing cells (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 166 (1976), S. 71-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sympathetic ganglia ; Compound 48/80 ; Mast cells ; Monoamine-containing cells ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of the histamine liberator compound 48/80 on the rat superior cervical ganglia in vitro has been investigated. After incubation of the ganglia with compound 48/80: (1) ganglionic mast cells degranulate in the same manner as in other tissues; (2) cell bodies of the postganglionic neurons are not affected by compound 48/80; (3) there is evidence that ganglionic interneurons, the monoamine-containing cells are activated. The ultrastructural aspects of this process are characterized by degranulation of perikarya and accumulation of dense core vesicles in cell processes and in terminals adjacent to presynaptic membranes. These vesicles vary in size between 200–800 Å in diameter. They may represent storage sites of the neurotransmitter complexes that have undergone exocytosis. The results are discussed with special reference to models of exocytotic processes involving the adrenergic transmitter. It is concluded that monoamine-containing cells represent interneurons in sympathetic ganglia which inhibit ganglionic transmission and which are stimulated by low concentrations of compound 48/80 in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215126
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  • 43
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    Electronic Resource
    Structure and function of prothoracic glands and oenocytes in embryos and last larval instars of Oncopeltus fasciatus Dallas (Insecta, Heteroptera) (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 171 (1976), S. 331-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ecdysial glands ; Ecdysone ; Embryos, larvae ; Oncopeltus fasciatus (Insecta, Heteroptera) ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Active prothoracic glands and oenocytes of last larval stage are both characteristized by well-developed smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Prothoracic glands also show plasma membrane infoldings, but not oenocytes which contain a large number of pleomorphic vesicles. 2. The fine structure of embryonic oenocytes corresponds after blastokinesis with that of active larval and adult cells. Thus, an activity in the late embryo can be assumed. Embryonic prothoracic glands reveal no signs of activity: smooth and rough ER are absent. The subcellular structure resembles that of organ anlagen, i.e. not yet fully differentiated tissue. Hormone synthesis is not likely. 3. Ecdysone titer was determined throughout embryonic development and in mature adults. Although prothoracic glands break down during adult ecdysis, imagines contain in the Calliphora-bioassay active factors: females 0.9 CU/g and males 0.5 CU/g. As sites of synthesis the oenocytes are suggested. 4. A relatively high ecdysone titer of 7 CU/g is measured in newly deposited eggs. The hormone is presumably of maternal origin. Subsequent to blastokinesis the hormone content increases dramatically up to about 180 CU/g, apparently due to endocrine function of the embryo. Oenocytes are proposed as the source of ecdysone during late embryonic development. 5. The function of ecdysone during early and advanced embryogenesis, especially in view of “embryonic molts”, is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224658
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  • 44
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    Electronic Resource
    Exocrine pancreas under experimental conditions (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 171 (1976), S. 467-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Exocrine pancreas ; Secretion process ; Protein synthesis ; Ultrastructure ; Freeze-fracturing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary After the application of parachlorophenylalanine (pCPA), an amino acid analogue, paracrystalline inclusions are observed in the exocrine pancreas of the rat. The formation of the paracrystalline structures varies according to the dose and the time of examination. Although the first alterations can be seen in the Golgi apparatus and the condensing vacuoles, the main localization of these structures is within the cisternae of the RER. At the same time as degenerative changes occur in the cells, involving autophagic and heterophagic processes, regneration also takes place. With the freeze-fracturing method, the paracrystalline inclusions are interpreted as lamellae or plates of probably altered secretory proteins in extremely extended RER-cisternae. The fracture surfaces of the paracrystals show a periodicity of about 80 Å running diagonally to the main axis of the paracrystalline structures, which are mainly oriented from the basal parts of the exocrine pancreatic cells to the cell apices. The mechanism of paracrystalline formation is discussed on the basis of the morphologic results. It could be shown that after pCPA administration the amylase content is decreased concomittantly with degranulation. pCPA seems not to be incorporated into secretory proteins; high intracellular concentrations, however, are required to induce the formation of the paracrystalline structures. This morphological study is the basis for other studies dealing with secretion and intracellular transport in the pancreatic acinar cell under experimental conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220239
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degenerated boutons in the fundus striati (nucleus accumbens septi) after lesion of the parafascicular nucleus in the cat (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 172 (1976), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Fundus striati, cat ; Parafascicular neurons ; Degenerated boutons (two types) ; Parafasciculo-fundus projection ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An attempt has been made to reveal which of the nine different types of synapses in the fundus striati, discriminated in a previous study, degenerate following experimental lesions in the parafasciculo-center median complex of the cat. Two types of synaptic contacts were found to be degenerated two days after the lesion was performed: (1) the axo-spinous type IV, characterized by densely-packed, small, round vesicles and a strong asymmetric thickening, and, (2) the axo-dendritic or axo-somatic type VII, again characterized by small, round vesicles in a dense accumulation and an asymmetric thickening. After two days of survival the original characteristics of the boutons could still be recognized in both types of synapses. A positive correlation exists between the location and extent of the coagulation foci in the parafascicular nucleus and the appearance of degenerated boutons in the fundus striati. Therefore, the conclusion that the parafasciculofundus neurons terminate as type IV or type VII boutons is entirely justified. Additionally, the role of the special types of boutons in the synaptic organization of the fundus striati has beeen discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226045
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  • 46
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the corneal nerves in the Rat (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 172 (1976), S. 133-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cornea ; Nerves ; Rat ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the corneal nerves of the rat was studied in tissue fixed by immersion in and by perfusion with glutaraldehyde-containing fixatives. Of the four types of axonal terminal identified in the nerves, those with the features of adrenergic and cholinergic terminals were confined to the nerves at the limbus and were concentrated in the perivascular plexuses. The remaining two types of terminal were found on axons located in all parts of the cornea and on both intraepithelial axons and axons in the stromal nerves. Of these, one contained the numerous mitochondria which occur in the terminals of axons associated with known mechanoreceptors and the second contained variable and often small numbers of both clear and large dense-cored vesicles. While most of the mitochondria-containing terminals were seen in nerves located near the periphery, vesicle-containing terminals were numerous in all of the nerves, and especially in those in the avascular cornea. In material fixed by immersion in glutaraldehyde-paraformaldehyde, the vesicle-containing terminals appeared to be dilated, but in material fixed by perfusion there was little evidence of any increase in the diameter of the axons in the terminal regions. The structure of the terminals was compared with that of the terminals of axons identified in the nerves of the skin and the urinary tract and the differences in the vesicle content of the terminals to those reported in other studies of the corneal nerves was related to the use of different fixation procedures. The possibility that axons possessing such terminals are identical with the beaded axons and both the cholinesterase-positive and fluorescent axons demonstrated in light microscopical studies of the corneal nerves is discussed, and the widespread distribution of the axons in the cornea is equated with the hypothesis that they are afferent in nature and represent the peripheral receptors for pain impulses.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226054
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  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concentration of dopaminergic fibres in the marginal zone of the bird retina (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 173 (1976), S. 335-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Bird marginal retina ; Ultrastructure ; Histofluorescence ; Dopamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nerve fibres containing dense core vesicles of 100–160 nm diameter are concentrated in a narrow zone (near the ora serrata) of the marginal retina in the pigeon and the chicken. Synaptic junctions exist between terminals containing dense core vesicles and the most marginal ganglion cells; however, numerous fibres seem to end freely near the vitreous body or even penetrate the pars plana of the ciliary body. Histofluorescence demonstrates the aminergic nature of these fibres. Determination of catecholamines with the dansylation technique reveals six times more dopamine in the marginal than in the central retina, whereas the noradrenalin level is unchanged. The dopaminergic fibres originate in neurons of the innermost zone of the inner nuclear layer. The marginal localisation of these fibres apparently excluding any visual function seems rather to indicate a possible photoreceptor system involved in neuro-endocrine regulation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220321
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  • 48
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    Electronic Resource
    Cytophysiology and innervation of gonadotropic cells in the pituitary of the Black Molly (Poecilia latipinna) (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 174 (1976), S. 35-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary ; Teleost ; GTH-cells ; Innervation ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the male black molly, Poecilia latipinna, morphological and functional aspects of the gonadotropic (GTH-)cells have been studied at the ultrastructural level. The cells exclusively occupy the ventral and lateral areas of the meso-adenohypophysis. In the black molly there is evidence of the presence of only one type of gonadotropic cell. In the GTH-cells of most specimens, the rough endoplasmic reticulum is weakly developed. The secretory vesicles are characterized by cores with varying diameters; this variation was not observed in the secretory vesicles of the other types of pituitary cells, except in the TSH-cells. After applying a histochemical method for the demonstration of polysaccharides, small black deposits appear in the core of the secretory vesicles of the GTH and TSH-cells only; this indicates the glycoproteinaceous nature of the hormones produced in these cells. Male black mollies treated with methyl-testosterone have significantly smaller GTH-cells and a lesser number of secretory vesicles and mitochondria in these cells. GTH-cell activity in Poeciliinae may be thus influenced by androgens by means of a negative feed-back mechanism. The GTH-cells are innervated by both type A and type B neurosecretory fibres. There are indications that the type A fibres may originate from the pars lateralis cells of the nucleus lateralis tuberis; the origin of the type B fibres is uncertain.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222149
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  • 49
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    Electronic Resource
    Perivascular regions of the rat neural lobe (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 174 (1976), S. 273-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurohypophysis ; Ultrastructure ; Perivascular space ; Tannic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neural lobes and portions of occipital cortex from rats were examined electron microscopically following fixation in 4% tannic acid in 2.5% glutaraldehyde. The procedure allowed a clear demonstration of the perivascular space and intercellular spaces in both tissues. The perivascular spaces in the neurosecretory tissue was far more extensive than in the neural tissue and the role of this region in relation to the process of neurosecretion is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222164
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  • 50
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    Electronic Resource
    The effects of prostaglandin F2α on the fine structure of the corpus luteum of the pregnant hamster (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 174 (1976), S. 465-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Prostaglandin ; Ultrastructure ; Corpus luteum ; Pregnancy ; Hamster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Corpora lutea (C.L.) from normal and prostaglandin-treated pregnant hamsters were examined by light and electron microscopy. Luteal cells from pregnant control animals were hypertrophied and contained an abundance of agranular endoplasmic reticulum (AER) suggesting steroidogenic activity. Animals which were injected on day 4 of pregnancy had ovulated by the third day following the injection, hence, two generations of corpora lutea were present in the ovary. Luteal cells from the “old” C.L. of pregnancy underwent a progressive degeneration during the four days following the single prostaglandin injection, whereas, cells from “new” C.L. appeared viable in most respects. The presence of aggregated platelets in both “old” and “new” C.L. was noted. It is suggested that the “new” C.L. are responsible for the rebound of plasma progesterone reported in previous investigations three days following prostaglandin treatment in pregnant hamsters.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232833
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  • 51
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the salivary bladder of the nine-banded armadillo (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 169 (1976), S. 383-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Salivary bladder ; Armadillo ; Transporting epithelium ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The nine-banded armadillo possesses a salivary bladder which is a dilated portion of the main duct of the submandibular gland at its origin. The wall of the bladder is composed of an epithelium, a submucosa and a thick coat of skeletal muscle. The ultrastructure of the epithelium reveals that it is complex and consists of three cell types: 1) principal cells, 2) light cells, and 3) basal cells. The general organization of the epithelium suggests that it is a transporting type of epithelium such as that found in the amphibian and reptilian urinary bladders and the mammalian gall bladder. The submucosa is composed primarily of densely-packed collagen fibers. The skeletal muscle is very vascular and richly innervated.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219609
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  • 52
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    Electronic Resource
    Permeability of the amphibian pars intermedia to peroxidase injected intravascularly (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 173 (1976), S. 401-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pars intermedia ; Ultrastructure ; Peroxidase ; Stellate cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To study the penetration of protein from the blood into and through the pars intermedia of anurans, the electron-dense tracer, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), was injected into the vascular system of the frog, Rana pipiens. Pinocytotic vesicles were seen along plasma membranes of the stellate cells abutting the pericapillary spaces between the pars intermedia and pars nervosa. The HRP was seen within both the pericapillary spaces and these pinocytotic vesicles. In addition, the HRP was very prominent in the extracellular spaces between adjacent stellate and/or MSH cells and around nerve endings and thus, appeared to move from the vascular spaces and into the interior of the pars intermedia. Therefore, the poorly vascularized pars intermedia may have such a route for transfer of materials throughout the gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220327
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    The pit cell: Description of a new type of cell occurring in rat liver sinusoids and peripheral blood (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 173 (1976), S. 423-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Liver ; Rat ; Sinusoid ; Pit cell ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pit cells — a new type of cell first described here and so named because they contain highly characteristic granules — are situated in the wall of rat liver sinusoids, and have hyaloplasmic pseudopodia intermingling with the microvilli of the parenchymal cells. The characteristic granules are mainly situated at one side of the nucleus, the other side showing organelle-free hyaloplasm. Pit cells are also found in portal tracts and in granuloma-like cellular aggregates. They also occur in rat peripheral blood, although there are morphological differences between cells in these two sites. Pit cells can be regarded as regular inhabitants of the sinusoidal wall, and therefore belong to the series of sinusoidal cells, i.e., the endothelial (Wisse, 1972), Kupffer (Widmann et al., 1972; Wisse and Daems, 1970; Wisse, 1974a,b), and fat-storing cells (Ito, 1973). Pit cells do not phagocytose and do not react to a great number of experimental conditions, to which endothelial and Kupffer cells do react (Wisse, 1972, 1974b). Mitosis has been observed in a pit cell. The function of pit cells remains obscure, but an endocrine function is suggested by the morphology of their highly characteristic granules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224305
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  • 54
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    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the ovotestis of the slug Agriolimax reticulatus (Müller) (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 173 (1976), S. 465-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Cytochemistry ; Oocytes ; Molluscs ; Vitellogenesis ; Nucleoli
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ovarian oocytes of Agriolimax reticulatus (Müller) have been studied by light and electron microscopy and electron cytochemistry. The development of the oocyte in the ovotestis may be divided into three stages. During Stage I the oocyte cytoplasm contains mainly ribosomes and also strands of endoplasmic reticulum, scattered mitochondria and Golgi systems. The nucleus contains both a paranucleolus and an eunucleolus. By Stage II the oocyte has enlarged, especially in a plane parallel to the basement membrane. In addition to the above mentioned organelles, the cytoplasm contains lipid, glycogen and early yolk platelets. During Stage III, the oocyte continues to enlarge, but mainly in a plane perpendicular to the basement membrane. A considerable degree of cytoplasmic differentiation has also taken place. The plasma membrane of the oocyte has become specialized with the appearance of a polysaccharide-rich glycocalyx, microvilli and pinocytotic tubules. Elsewhere, much of the background cytoplasm, containing Golgi-derived, polysaccharide and acid phosphatase-rich multivesiculate bodies, lipid and glycogen, is sequestered by smooth membranes and ultimately fuses with the growing yolk platelets. The nucleus contains an amphinucleolus, characteristic of many gastropods. The findings of this study are discussed in relation to results from other studies on oogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224309
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  • 55
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    Electronic Resource
    Stretch receptors in urodele limb muscles (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 165 (1976), S. 249-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Stretch receptor ; Urodele amphibia ; Ultrastructure ; Physiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Non-encapsulated, fine beaded nerve endings were found histologically on some muscle fibres in a number of limb muscles in newts and axolotls. They were present in newt muscles that had been chronically de-efferented, and in which no efferent activity survived, and were therefore likely to be sensory. They were located only on muscle fibres on or near the outside surface of the muscle. These small-diameter muscle fibres were characterised histochemically by low lipid, SDH and phosphorylase content; ultrastructurally by low glycogen content, and relatively large myofilaments poorly delimited by a sparse SR. There were many of this type (Type 1) that did not support sensory endings. A few endings occurred on another larger-diameter type of fibre (Type 2) whose properties were opposite to those listed above for Type 1. There was virtually no specialization of muscle fibre structure beneath the sensory endings. Physiological experiments involving ramp-and-hold and sinusoidal stretch applied to the muscle whilst recording single-unit afferent responses in m.ext. dig. III of axolotls showed unit responses very similar to those known from muscle spindles, particularly those of the frog.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226663
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  • 56
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural diversity in motor units of crustacean stomach muscles (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 166 (1976), S. 159-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Muscle ; Stomach ; Crab ; Physiology ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The physiological and ultrastructural properties of muscle fibers comprising three motor units in the gastric mill of blue crabs are described. In their contractile properties muscle fibers in all motor units are similar and resemble the slow type fibers in crustacean limb muscles. The majority of fibers generate large excitatory post-synaptic potentials which do not facilitate strongly. Structurally two types of fibers are found. The one type has long sarcomeres (〉6 μm), thin to thick myofilament ratios of 5–6∶1 and diads located near the ends of the A-band. The other type has shorter sarcomeres (〈 6 μm), thin to thick myofilament ratios of 3∶1 and diads located at mid sarcomere level. Both types of fibers occur within a single motor unit and this differs from the vertebrate situation. Furthermore, the finding of fibers with a low thin to thick myofilament ratio of 3∶1 demonstrates that they are not exclusive to fast type crustacean muscle but also occur in slow stomach muscles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227037
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  • 57
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    Comparative ultrastructural investigations of the pineal organ of the blind cave fish, Anoptichthys jordani, and its ancestor, the eyed river fish, Astyanax mexicanus (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 167 (1976), S. 297-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal organ ; Blind cave fish ; Astyanax mexicanus ; Regressive evolution ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A comparative ultrastructural study has been made of the pineal organ in specimens of two closely related populations of the characid fish, Astyanax mexicanus. The specimens of one population are living in the river, under natural light conditions. The specimens of the other population, originally described as Anoptichthys jordani, are living in a completely dark cave. In specimens of both populations the pineal organ consists of a spindle shaped end-vesicle, connected to the diencephalic roof by a slender stalk. The pineal tissue is compact and consists predominantly of glia-like supporting cells and sensory cells resembling the photoreceptor cells of the lateral vertebrate eye. Phagocytotic microglia-like cells can be found in close contact with the outer segments of the sensory cells. Nerve cells are located in the neighbourhood of neuropil formations, in which synaptic contacts are established between sensory cells and nerve cells. From these nerve cells fibers are emerging, forming the pineal tract that runs down the pineal stalk towards the diencephalon. On the basis of the ultrastructure described by other authors it is concluded that the pineal organ in specimens of the river population of Astyanax mexicanus resembles the pineal organ of other fish species. In specimens of the river population, reared under normal light-dark conditions for 3, 9 or 18 months, conspicuous morphological changes have not been detected in the presumably light-sensitive outer segments of the sensory cells or in other parts of the pineal tissue. In specimens of the cave populations, reared under identical conditions, an age-dependent, gradual regression of the regular outer segment organization of the pineal sensory cells takes place. In other parts of the pineal tissue, only small morphological changes can be observed. In specimens of the cave population, reared in constant darkness, the regression of the pineal outer segment organization begins earlier and is obvious. It is postulated that the gradual age-dependent regression of the regular organization of the outer segments in the pineal organ of cave specimens of Astyanax mexicanus is genetically determined and indicates a regressive evolution of the pineal light sensitivity. The expression of the regressive traits is dependent on the environmental light conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219144
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    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of the interplatelet area in the gills of the macrophthalmia stage of the river lamprey, Lampetra fluviatilis (L.) (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 168 (1976), S. 433-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chloride cell ; Gill filaments ; Ultrastructure ; Ion-transport ; Macrophthalmia stage ; Lampetra fluviatilis (L.)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The interplatelet epithelium of the gills of freshwater and seawater adapted macrophthalmia stages of the river lamprey, Lampetra fluviatilis, was studied by electron microscopy. Three main cell types: basal, ion-excretory and superficial cells were identified and described. Ion-excretory cells were exposed to the environment in sea water but covered by a layer of superficial cells in fresh water. Electron-dense secretory granules in the apex of the cell were more abundant in fresh water. In fresh water, a few of the superficial cells contained numerous mitochondria and were identified as ion-uptake cells. In view of the scarcity of ion-uptake cells, the possibility that the ion-excretory cells are also responsible for ion-uptake in fresh water is discussed. Phagocytic removal of degenerating ion-excretory cells may be an important mechanism for the conservation of materials in a starving animal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215994
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  • 59
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    Electronic Resource
    The discrimination of nine different types of synaptic boutons in the fundus striati (nucleus accumbens septi) (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 168 (1976), S. 489-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Fundus striati ; Cat ; Nine bouton types ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An attempt has been made to discriminate additional types of synapses than have been previously described in the nucleus accumbens septi of the cat, which can, according to Brockhaus (1942), justifiably be termed the fundus striati due to the fact that it possesses all of the morphological and some of the neurochemical features of the striatum. This was undertaken in order to correlate at least one type of synapse with each different afferent pathway. Nine distinct types of synapses could be differentiated electron microscopically: Type I: axo-spinous synapses with sparse, small, round vesicles which seemed to be the nigro-striatal endings (35%). Type II: axo-somatic or axo-dendritic en passant synapses containing small, round vesicles (3%). Type III: axo-spinous synapses filled with densely-packed, small, round vesicles displaying strong postsynaptic thickenings which seem to be corticostriatal (17%). Type IV: large axo-spinous synapses with densely-arranged, small, round vesicles contacting larger spines branching off a pedicle (9%). Type V: axo-somatic or axo-dendritic synapses containing large pleomorphic vesicles, probably axon collaterals (1%). Type VI: axo-somatic or axo-dendritic synapses with elongated small vesicles (20×45 nm) (3%). Type VII: large axo-somatic or axo-dendritic synapses filled by denselypacked, small, round vesicles (11%). Type VIII: large axo-somatic or axo-dendritic synapses containing loosely-arranged, small, round vesicles (8%). Type IX: axo-somatic or axo-dendritic synapses containing large, round vesicles in a translucent axoplasm (13%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215999
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  • 60
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    Electronic Resource
    The fine structure of the perineural endothelium (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 165 (1976), S. 281-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Perineural endothelium ; Ultrastructure ; Maculae adhaerentes ; Zonulae occludentes ; Plasmalemmal vesicles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fine strands of motor nerves were examined with the electron microscope using thin section as well as freeze-etching techniques. The specimens were taken from frog cutaneous pectoris nerve, rat sciatic nerve, mouse and shrew phrenic nerves and from human skin nerves. The perineural sheath (Henle, Ranvier, Key and Retzius) consists of one to several concentric laminae of endothelial cells; it encases nerve fascicles and eventually individual nerve fibers and terminals. The endothelial cells are extremely thin and fitted together smoothly by overlap and dove-tailing of their border zones. The cell contacts are formed by continuous zonulae occludentes, often reinforced by maculae adhaerentes, and in depth they comprise 3–15 strands with an average of 5–6 strands per junction. The membranes of endothelial cells are studded with attachment sites and stomata of plasmalemmal vesicles suggesting a high level of pinocytotic activity. This phenomenon is by no means restricted to the external laminae of the endothelial sheath. Each endothelial lamina is vested with basement membranes on both (epineural and endoneural) sides, and the spaces between laminae contain a few collagen fibers and fibroblasts. Occasionally, punctate tight junctions are seen between laminae. Cytological evidence supports the hypothesis that the perineural endothelium provides a relatively tight and highly selective barrier separating the peripheral nerves from surrounding tissue and its extracellular fluid spaces. This effect is achieved on the one hand by the sealing of pericellular spaces and on the other hand by a membrane controlled transcellular transport mechanism (pinocytosis), both of which are enhanced by their serial arrangement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222433
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    Electronic Resource
    Digestive enzyme secretion in Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 170 (1976), S. 275-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Insect midgut ; Enzyme secretion ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Enzyme assays and morphological and histological studies show that the opaque zone midgut cells of the haematophagous fly Stomoxys calcitrans are responsible for the production of proteolytic digestive enzymes and that these are secreted into the gut lumen via membrane bound vesicles (MBV). The secretory cycle can be summarized as follows; initially the rough endoplasmic reticulum is stacked and the apices of the cells are packed with MBV. This is followed by a period of release characterized first by cytoplasmic extrusions containing high densities of MBV, then by microvesiculation of the microvilli combined with a progressive distribution of rough endoplasmic reticulum and lightening of the cellular cytoplasm. Glycogen appears in the cells at this stage and is gradually lost as the rough endoplasmic reticulum becomes stacked once more and the numbers of MBV build up again. The cycle which occurs regularly and synchronously in the cells of the zone repeats itself many times up to the completion of digestion of the blood meal. The secretory cycle is discussed with reference to activity in other secretory tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224304
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  • 62
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    Electronic Resource
    Spermatogenesis of a marine snail, Littorina sitkana (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 170 (1976), S. 455-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spermatogenesis ; Mollusca, Prosobranchia (Littorina) ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of the spermatogonium, spermatocyte and spermatid of a marine snail, Littorina sitkana is described. The ring centriole (annulus) is formed from the distal centriole and it migrates to the base of the mitochondrial region where it lies in a joint-like structure which is formed by an area of invaginated plasma membrane. The distal and proximal centrioles are at first perpendicular to each other but the proximal centriole rotates to a position coaxial with the distal centriole and fuses with it. The peripheral doublet fibers are continuous between the two centrioles but the central fibers originate only in the distal centriole. The acrosome differentiates from the proacrosomal granule which is derived from a Golgi body. Microtubules, present at this stage, may assist acrosomal formation. Chromatin condensation begins with the formation of fibrous strands, then to lamellar plates which become folded and later twisted around the flagellar shaft. In the final stages the lamellae appear in cross section as concentric rings which eventually fuse to form a homogeneously dense nuclear tube.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00361704
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  • 63
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    Neurosecretory cell types in the eyestalk of the freshwater prawn Palaemon paucidens (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 166 (1976), S. 511-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretory cells ; Eyestalk ; Palaemon ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the medulla terminalis ganglionic X-organ (MTGX) of the eyestalk of the freshwater prawn, Palaemon paucidens, six peptidergic neuro-secretory cell types (A-, B-, C-, D-, E-, and F-cells) are distinguishable on the basis of the different morphology of their elementary granules and rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER). All of these cell types seem to correspond to Type-IIIa cells or dispersing Type-IV cells, that have previously been differentiated at the light microscopic level (Hisano, 1974), as judged from the dimensions of their cell bodies and nuclei. Two other peptidergic neurosecretory cell types that are apparently comparable to the Type-II and Type-IIIb cells (Hisano, 1974), respectively, are recognized in parts of the optic ganglia other than MTGX, and these are now designated as Gand H-cells, respectively. All the remaining cell types, designated as Type-I, cluster-forming Type-IV, Type-V and Type-VI cells in our previous light microscopic study, have small cored-vesicles in their cytoplasm. It remains undecided whether these, possibly aminergic, neurons are neurosecretory or not.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225915
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  • 64
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    Electronic Resource
    The fine structural localization of testicular phosphatases in man: The control testis (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 166 (1976), S. 497-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spermatogenesis ; Phosphatase cytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Testis ; Male reproduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopic cytochemistry was used to determine the localization of five phosphatase enzymes—glucose-6-phosphatase, inosine diphosphatase, thiamine pyrophosphatase, acid phosphatase, and adenosine triphosphatase—in control human testes. Glucose-6-phosphatase occurred in the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope of Sertoli cells, Leydig cells and primitive spermatogonia, but was not observed in more advanced spermatogenic cells. The presence of glucose-6-phosphatase activity paralleled the presence of glycogen in spermatogenic cells, i.e., both occurred in type AL and AD spermatogonia but not in type AP or B spermatogonia or in more advanced spermatogenic cells. Inosine diphosphatase activity was found in the endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear envelope, and Golgi complex of Sertoli cells and all spermatogenic cells except late spermatids. Additionally, inosine diphosphatase activity was localized at the junctions between Sertoli cells and late spermatids, but was not associated with any other plasma membrane. Thiamine pyrophosphatase reaction product was found in the Golgi bodies of Sertoli cells and in spermatogenic cells through immature spermatids. Neither inosine diphosphatase nor thiamine pyrophosphatase was observed in the Golgi bodies of spermatids during acrosomal formation. Acid phosphatase activity was found in lysosomes of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids, in lysosomes of Leydig cells, and in lysosomes, lipofuscin bodies, and Golgi cisternae of Sertoli cells. It is thought that Sertoli lysosomes play a role in the phagocytosis of degenerating germ cells; however, the role of spermatogenic or Leydig lysosomes is unknown. Adenosine triphosphatase activity occurred at the interfaces between two spermatogonia, and between Sertoli cells and spermatogonia, but was not observed in the spaces between two Sertoli cells, two spermatocytes, two spermatids, or between Sertoli cells and spermatocytes, or between Sertoli cells and spermatids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225914
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    Histological and ultrastructural studies of the rabbit pars intermedia in organ culture (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 167 (1976), S. 387-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Rabbit pars intermedia ; Ultrastructure ; Developing tissue ; Cytodifferentiation ; Organ culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pars intermedia (PI) tissue from fetal, perinatal, neonatal and juvenile rabbits has been maintained in organ culture for up to nine weeks after explantation. Autoradiography showed that DNA synthesis took place for at least 22 days of culturing. PI-glandular cells and interstitial cells remain identifiable throughout this period but ACT-type cells were recognised only up to six weeks. Material from fetal and perinatal animals had a higher proportion of surviving cells than that from adult animals. The degree of differentiation achieved by PI-glandular cells in vitro appears to depend on three factors: i) the stage of development reached before explantation; ii) the original topographic position in the PI tissue before explantation; and iii) the position in the explant in relation to the gas-liquid interphase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219150
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    Morphology and ultrastructure of the antennal chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors of worker Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 173 (1976), S. 173-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chemoreceptors ; Mechanoreceptors ; Sensory receptors ; Termites ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three types of setae were found on the antenna of workers of C. formosanus. Sensilla basiconica function as chemoreceptors. They are non-socketed, with fixed plate base, thin walled, and perforated. Pore tubules are contained within the cuticular pores of s. basiconica. The pore tubules have direct contact with the dendritic branches within the sensilla. The other sensilla are tactile mechanoreceptors. The longest setae (sensilla trichodea) are thick walled, socketed, mononeuronic, and non-perforated. The shorter mechanoreceptors (sensilla chaetica) have the same characteristics as s. trichodea, exept that they are sometimes dineuronic. The numbers and distribution of the sensilla were established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221373
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    The ultrastructure of the androgenic gland in Porcellio scaber Latr. (terrestrial isopods) (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 175 (1976), S. 245-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Androgenic gland ; Porcellio scaber ; Ultrastructure ; Secretory cycle ; Electron-dense body
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les auteurs présentent, dans ce travail, les aspects ultrastructuraux normaux de la glande androgène chez l'oniscoïde Porcellio scaber. On montre, par des phases successives, les modifications morpho-fonctionnelles des organites cellulaires jusqu'à la fin du cycle sécrétoire, qui finit par la dégradation et la destruction des cellules glandulaires, dont la fonction est de type holocrin. Comme produits de cette activité, des corps éléctrono-opaques (grains, agglomerats, lysosomes) et des substances claires apparaissent dans le cytoplasme. Par la destruction de la membrane plasmique, tout le contenu cellulaire est éliminé dans les espaces haemocoeliens, soit par écoulement soit par fragments. Le RE et le chondriome subissent les modifications les plus spectaculaires.
    Notes: Summary This paper presents the normal ultrastructural features of the androgenic gland in Porcellio scaber. It describes the changes in the organelles of its cells through the course of the secretory cycle, which terminates with the regression and destruction of these holocrine glandular cells. As products of this activity, the electron-opaque bodies (granules, lysosomes, agglomerates) and clear substances accumulate in the cytoplasm. With the destruction of the cell membrane, the entire cell content passes into the spaces of the haemocoele. The morphological modifications of the mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum are the most striking changes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232081
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    Electron microscopy of the rabbit pineal organ in vitro (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 172 (1976), S. 365-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal organ ; Rabbit ; Organ culture ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The results presented in this study show that the rabbit pineal organ cultured in vitro retained its in vivo fine structure for at least eight days. However, the Golgi complex in the light pinealocytes stopped forming dense core vesicles while vesicle-crowned ribbons increased in number. After addition of norepinephrine to the culture medium, the Golgi complex once more began the production of dense core vesicles. Terminals of light pinealocytic processes then often contained Golgi dense core vesicles in close contact with the cell membrane, suggesting the release of the vesicular content into the intercellular and perivascular spaces. A close topographical relationship between Golgi dense core vesicles and vesicle-crowned ribbons was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00399519
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  • 69
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    Fine structural observations of sperm resorption in the seminal vesicle of a marine snail, Littorina scutulata (Gould, 1849) (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 172 (1976), S. 503-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Spermatozoa ; Phagocytosis ; Mollusca ; Littorina
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Waste sperm and spermatozeugmata in the seminal vesicle of Littorina scutulata are phagocytised either by cell buds (large vesicles given off from the epithelial cells) or by the epithelial cells themselves. Cell buds containing sperm, are in turn engulfed by epithelial cells. In both cases, heterophagic vacuoles are formed inside the cell and subsequently the vacuoles are fused with primary lysosomes or lysosomal derivatives to become secondary lysosomes. Throughout this process the sperm are being digested. The second lysosome transforms further to telolysosome and finally to residual body when the sperm is completely digested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220335
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  • 70
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water regulation in aestivating snails (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 173 (1976), S. 417-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Snails ; Water regulation ; Ultrastructure ; X-ray microanalysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Aestivating snails form abundant lamellate vesicles in the cells of the mantle collar, an epithelium known to regulate the rate at which water is lost from its surface. Since lamellate vesicles are much reduced in hydrated mantle tissue of recently stimulated animals it is tentatively concluded that the vesicles, and their contents, form a barrier to water movement within these cells. X-ray microanalysis of unfixed thin sections shows that there is a concentration gradient of ions within these cells in aestivating animals which is not present in stimulated snails.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220329
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  • 71
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    Demonstration of the existence of a single morphological type of gonadotrophic cell in Ellobius lutescens (Microtinae) by an ultrastructural analysis of their development under various physiological and experimental conditions (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 167 (1976), S. 49-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Gonadotrophic cells ; Rodent ; Ellobius lutescens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural studies of pituitaries from Ellobius lutescens (immature males and females, adult hypogonadic males, and virgin and pregnant females) show that the gonadotrophic cells are characterized by a lamellar or vacuolar rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), a spirally-arranged Golgi apparatus, elongated mitochondria and secretory granules of variable density and size (150–500 mμ). Ultrastructural differences between gonadotrophic cells previously determined by light microscopy correspond to changes in the development of the protein synthetic apparatus and in the intensity of hormonal discharge. Type 2 gonadotrophs always appear to be more active than type 1 gonadotrophs. After castration, all gonadotrophic cells develop into the same form of “castration cell”, although type 1 gonadotrophs change more slowly than type 2 cells. Treatment with testosterone induces an inverse development of the gonadotrophic cells which take on the appearance of resting cells similar to those found in immature animals, where the two cell types are also identical. Thus, only one morphological type of gonadotrophic cell can be identified in Ellobius lutescens. Moreover, the gonadotrophic cells of the hypogonadic adult male have the same appearance as those of the female two months after castration, which proves that the negative feedback mechanism which regulates gonadotrophic function is defective in adult male Ellobius lutescens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220159
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  • 72
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    A light and electron microscopic study of the ciliated urn of Phascolosoma agassizii (sipunculida) (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 169 (1976), S. 67-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hemocyte ; Invertebrate ; Sipunculida ; Phagocytosis ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The free swimming ciliated urn found in the coelomic fluid of Phascolosoma agassizii has been studied by electron microscopy. The urn is a multicellular structure composed of three cell types: (a) ciliated cells which possibly function in capturing cell debris and foreign particles; (b) cupola cells which are capable of phagocytozing latex particles; and (c) lobe cells which are capable of phagocytozing carbon particles. The lobes are separated from the ciliated cells by a semilunar area, with mucoprotein staining characteristics, containing fibrils which appear to be the structural support for the urn. Ciliated cells and lobes are attached to the semilunar area by hemidesmosomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219308
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  • 73
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    The fine structure of the carapace integument of Daphnia magna straus (Crustacea branchiopoda) (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 169 (1976), S. 267-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Daphnia ; Cuticle ; Epidermis ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structure of the two integumental layers comprising the carapace of female D. magna was examined at several points through the molt cycle. The epicuticle and procuticle are simple in organisation; pore canals are absent but intracuticular fibres are present, forming complexes with invaginations of the epidermal plasma membrane similar to such complexes described in the literature for other arthropods. The epidermis consists almost entirely of cuticle-secreting cells. Secretion of the new cuticle begins when 50–67% of the instar has elapsed by which time the epidermal cells have increased in height and their nuclei have become more rounded. However, other presumed secretory phenomena observed viz. the formation of dense core vesicles by Golgi bodies, and the occurrence of these and coated vesicles near the apical plasma membrane are not restricted to any particular period during the molt cycle. This suggests that the mechanisms of cuticle secretion do not undergo marked changes in activity as they do in decapods; presumably this relative continuity is related to the much shorter molt cycle of cladocerans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214213
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  • 74
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    Electronic Resource
    Differentiation of the plasma membrane of hepatic cells in monolayer cultures (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 171 (1976), S. 157-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neonatal liver ; Cell culture ; Plasmic membranes ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hepatocytes from rats were isolated by treatment with trypsin and cultured. Plasma membranes at different culture stages were observed by electron microscopy. The activities of 5′ nucleotidase and adenosinetriphosphatase on the plasma membranes were examined. The cell coat was also studied by use of the concanavalin A-peroxidase technique. The surfaces of single cells, covered with microvilli, are the site of adenosinetriphosphatase activity only and are devoid of 5′-nucleotidase activity. After a few h of culture, the cells are grouped together in tight clusters or long trails and are separated by an intercellular space of 250 Å, partially permeable to lanthanum nitrate. The juxtaposed plasma membranes on which 5′-nucleotidase and adenosinetriphosphatase activities occur also delimit spaces similar to bile canaliculi. The formation of junction complexes and their permeability to lanthanum nitrate was also studied. No enzymatic activity is observed at the junctions. The numerous tight junctions, impervious to the tracer, are always accompanied by a profusion of microfilaments. Mature desmosomes are rare, and are present only in the form of “maculae adhaerentes diminutae.” The gap junctions, nearly always permeable to the tracer, form rapidly and assume a variety of shapes (trail, bulge and ring-like), the significance of which is open to discussion. The use of concanavalin A permits localization of the free sugar sites on the surface of the cells, in the pinocytotic vesicles and in the internal space of the gap junctions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219404
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  • 75
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    Electronic Resource
    Structure and regeneration of the eyes of strombid gastropods (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 171 (1976), S. 259-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Eyes ; Strombus ; Regeneration ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The tips of the eyestalks of three species of strombid gastropods were amputated and the structure of the fully developed eye investigated. The retina contains at least two types of cell: sensory cells bearing long tufts of microvilli with a central cytoplasmic core, and pigment cells with short microvilli. New eyes became visible at the tips of the eyestalk stump 5–16 days after amputation. When the regenerated eyes first appear, they consist of hollow balls of cells with a pigment lined cavity; two types of retinal cells are already distinguishable but their microvilli and cilia are small and sparse. The microvillous tufts and sensory cell contents develop quickly and about 14 days after their first appearance, the eye is a fully formed but miniature organ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219410
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  • 76
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    Electronic Resource
    Gap junctions in hemodichorial and hemotrichorial placentae (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 171 (1976), S. 305-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chorioallantoic placenta ; Gap junctions ; Diaplacental transport ; Ultrastructure ; Freeze-fracturing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Gap junctions were found to be a constant feature of chorioallantoic placentae with two or three trophoblastic layers. The gap junctions connect layers I and II in hemodichorial and layers II and III in hemotrichorial placentae. Although the gap junctions vary in form and in the packing density of membrane-associated particles, they cover an extensive surface area in all species examined. The gap junctions always connect adjacent membranes of two trophoblastic layers, which show no evidence of micropinocytotic activity; at least one of these trophoblastic layers is syncytial. It is therefore concluded that the gap junctions play an important role in diaplacental transport. We consider that gap junctions act as molecular sieves, resulting in limitations in the transport of large molecules. The passage of small molecules, on the contrary, would be facilitated by the gap junctions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224656
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  • 77
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    Organ culture of adult Rat and mouse tracheal epithelium: I. Ultrastructure following various culture periods (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 165 (1976), S. 371-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Tracheal epithelium, Organ culture ; Rat, mouse ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopic studies of adult rat and mouse tracheal epithelium maintained in organ culture for a period of up to 6 days were performed. In specimens cultured for 60 minutes no conspicuous micromorphological alterations could be observed. Following culture periods from 1–6 days the number of cilia in some of the ciliated cells was reduced while their structure and the other ultrastructural details of the epithelial cells were preserved. In specimens cultured for 5–6 days some additional alterations could be noticed: polymorphism of mitochondria, increased number of lysosomes, appearance of intracellular vacuoles, exhaustion of goblet cells and disappearance of granulated mast-cell like cells in the rat tracheal epithelium. I want to thank Miss J. Selbmann and Mrs. S. Kolassa for technical help and Mr. H. Wagner for preparing the micrographs; I am indebted to Dr. D. Kerjaschki and to Mr. H. Hörandner for performing preparations for scanning electron microscopy and to Mr. P. Scholze (Österreichische Studiengesellschaft für Atomenergie, Institut für Metallurgie, Abteilung Fremdkörperphysik) for preparing the scanning electron micrograph.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222440
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  • 78
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    Comparative ultrastructural study of the effects of serum-free medium and dibutyryl-cyclic AMP on newborn rat astroblasts (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 167 (1976), S. 221-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Glial Cells ; Cyclic AMP ; Differentiation ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Modifications of cell shape induced in cultured newborn rat astroblasts by serum deprivation or dibutyryladenosine 3′–5′ monophosphate (dBcAMP) are described. Serum suppression modifies the adhesivity of the cells to the substrate, but this modification is not consistent with a true differentiation. The main ultrastructural feature of dBcAMP-treated astroblasts is the presence of an extensive system of 90 Å microfilaments, while control cells are relatively devoid of these structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224329
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  • 79
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    Electronic Resource
    The lateral photoreceptor of the barnacle, Balanus eburneus (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 168 (1976), S. 193-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lateral eye ; Barnacle ; Morphometry ; Osmium fixation ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The lateral eye of the barnacle, Balanus eburneus, fixed in highly concentrated osmium is a lens-shaped body of approximately 250 μm in diameter and about 75 μm thick. It contains three photoreceptor cells which occupy about 42% of its volume. The photoreceptor cells are irregularly shaped and extend countless dendritic processes which bear rhabdomeres at their ends. Individual rhabdomeres come into contact with rhabdomeres originating from dendrites of the same or of one of the other visual cells. Thirteen per cent of the volume of the photoreceptor cells is taken up by the rhabdomeres. The membranes of the rhabdomeric microvilli contain globular subunits which suggest a 70 Å spacing of rhodopsin molecules. There are two kinds of glial cells. One kind, type A glial cells, makes contact with the fibrous capsule of the photoreceptor. The other kind, type B glial cells, is associated with the photoreceptor cells and extends countless tiny cytoplasmic extensions which interdigitate with similar extensions of the receptor cells. There are approximately 95 type B glial cells and 130 type A glial cells in the receptor. The cytoplasm of the photoreceptor cells contains countless small Golgi fields, mitochondria, microtubules, multivesicular and multilamellar bodies. The extracellular space of the photoreceptor is less than 0.1% of its total volume.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215877
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  • 80
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the compound eye of the haploid male beetle, Xyleborus ferrugineus (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 168 (1976), S. 315-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sensory receptor ; Compound eye (Xyleborus ferrugineus) ; Male insect ; Ultrastructure ; Scanning and transmission electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The compound eye of male (haploid) Xyleborus ferrugineus beetles was examined with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The eye externally consists of ca. 19 to 33 facets. Each ommatidium is composed of a thickly biconvex lenslet with about 50 electron dense and rare layers, but at the junction area between two lenslets there are only about 35 to 37 layers that can be distinguished. A very short (3.4–4.0 μm) acone type crystalline cone is located directly beneath the lenslet. Each ommatidium is surrounded by pigment cells, and pigment granules also appear throughout the cytoplasm of the retinular cells. Some pigment granules are even present below the basement membrane. There are 8 retinular cells. The rhabdomeres of 2 centrally situated photoreceptor cells fuse into a rhabdom which is enveloped by the rhabdomeres of 6 peripheral retinular cells. The rhabdomeres of the 6 peripheral retinular cells join laterally to form a rhabdomeric ring around the central rhabdom. No tracheation was observed among the retinular cells. Virus-like particles are evident near the nucleus in each Semper cell of the crystalline cone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215309
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  • 81
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    Electronic Resource
    Histological and ultrastructural studies of the rabbit pars intermedia in organ culture (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 169 (1976), S. 485-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pars intermedia, rabbit ; Adult, young adult tissue ; Cytodifferentiation ; Organ culture ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fully differentiated rabbit pars intermedia has been maintained successfully for over six weeks as organ culture. PI-glandular cells are the commonest type throughout the culture. They retain their differentiated condition for at least five weeks. Autoradiography indicates that cell division occurs in cultures for at least two weeks. Dense granules are seen in the intercellular, perivascular and vascular spaces and are taken to indicate secretory activity under the conditions of culture. Some interstitial cells remain recognisable throughout the culture and ACT-type cells for more than two weeks. Other interstitial cells lose their usual appearance and become peripheral dark cells. Modification of cytoplasmic organelles, including distortion and darkening of mitochondria, increase in intracellular filaments and enlargement and liberation of the content of the PI-vesicles are reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218148
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  • 82
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    Electronic Resource
    Interdigitating reticulum cells in the popliteal lymph node of the rat (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 170 (1976), S. 43-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Interdigitating cells ; Lymph node ; Rat ; Ultrastructure ; Cytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electronmicroscopic and cytochemical studies were performed to localize interdigitating reticulum cells (IDC) in the popliteal lymph node of the rat. The morphological features of the IDC of the rat correspond to those described for other species, but also show similarities to normal macrophages in the rat. This is considered to be an argument in favour of the common origin of IDC's and macrophages. Ultrahistochemical studies with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) reveal no phagocytotic capacity of IDC's. After perfusion fixation containing ruthenium red (RR) the surface coat stains heavily: RR is also found deep in the membrane invaginations of the IDC, indicating the presence of polyanionic sialoglyco-proteins. The post-capillary-venules (PVC) are very permeable to both HRP and RR. The phosphotungstic acid-chromic acid stain (PTA-CrA) also reveals glycoproteins in the surface coat; these glycoproteins are susceptible to α-neuraminidase, whereas glycoproteins in the Golgi complexes, lysosomes and in the vesicular complexes of IDC are not. The glycoproteins of the latter are susceptible to 0.1 N NaOH. These findings indicate that IDC produce different kinds of glycoprotein, one of which may be secreted and act as a factor for stimulating peripheral T-lymphocytes. Intimate contact between IDC's and PCV's could be observed. It is therefore conceivable that IDC's play an important role in the homing of T-lymphocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220109
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  • 83
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    Electronic Resource
    Some ultrastructural observations on the midgut epithelium of Isohypsibius augusti (Murray, 1907) (Eutardigrada) (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 166 (1976), S. 339-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Midgut ; Tardigrada ; Spherites ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das einschichtige, stark gewundene Mitteldarmepithel des Eutardigraden Isohypsibius augusti besteht aus nur einem Zelltyp. Der Mitteldarm beginnt mit halbmondförmigen Zellen; die Höhe der sich anschlie-ßenden Zellen schwankt je nach der Menge der eingelagerten Nahrungsreserven. Regenerative Zellen fehlen. Benachbarte Zellen sind apikal durch Zonulae continuae verbunden. Alle Mitteldarmzellen zeichnen sich durch einen apikalen Mikrovillisaum, Cytosevesikel, zahlreiche Mitochondrien und viel rauhes endoplasmatisches Retikulum aus. Dictyosomen sind nicht allzu häufig. Verbreitet sind ovoide oder runde, oft konzentrisch geschichtete Einschlüsse (Spherite). Besonders die Zellen des mittleren Darmabschnittes können mit großen Mengen von Nahrungsreserven gefüllt sein, die zum Teil Polysaccharide enthalten. Mögliche Funktionen des Mitteldarms der Tardigraden werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The midgut epithelial cells of the eutardigrade Isohypsibius augusti are organized into a convoluted monolayer. Only a single cell type could be distinguished although this cell type displayed considerable morphological variation. The midgut begins with crescent-shaped cells. More distally the cells are of variable height depending on the stored amount of nutritional material. No regenerative cells are present. Adjoining cells are held together by apical zonulae continuae. All the cells are characterized by a striated border, some basal infoldings, cytosis vesicles, numerous mitochondria, and abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum. Dictyosomes occur in small numbers. Ovoid or spherical inclusions (spherites), often concentrically laminated, are common. The cells, especially those along the middle part of the gut, are filled with large amounts of nutritional storage which includes polysaccharide material. The possible functions of the midgut in Tardigrada are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220130
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  • 84
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    Electronic Resource
    Oogenesis in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 167 (1976), S. 23-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Oogenesis ; Mosquito ; Capsule ; Nucleolus ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Oogenesis has been followed with the electron microscope in 2 strains of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae, from the emergence of the adult (oocytes at leptonema) till shortly before the oocytes are ready for oviposition. After pachynema the chromosomes form a karyosphere and a fibrous capsule develops around it. Work on other mosquitoes suggests that the capsule may be related to the synaptonemal complexes. Both Anopheles strains contain at some time an extrachromosomal (not DNA-containing) body comparable to the karyosphere in size. Clusters of granules are present at the surface of the nucleolus and free in the nucleoplasm. Tentative results indicate that they may contain DNA. During oogenesis the nucleolus becomes very large, mainly because of proliferation of the nucleolonema. Towards the end of oocyte development the nucleus assumes the large canoe-shape also seen in Aedes and Culex. Nucleolonema traverse the entire nucleus, and modified granular clusters are found throughout.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220157
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  • 85
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    Ultrastructure of the new neuromuscular junctions formed during reinnervation of rat soleus muscle by a “foreign” nerve (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 167 (1976), S. 439-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuromuscular junction ; Nerve regeneration ; Muscles, innervation ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In rats the “fast” fibular nerve was transposed to the “slow” soleus muscle outside the original innervation band. Formation of new neuromuscular junctions was induced by cutting the soleus nerve after different periods of time. The morphological maturation of these junctions was studied by electron microscopy. New neuromuscular junctions do not form when the original innervation is left intact. Three to five days after denervation, vesicle-laden terminal boutons contact muscle fibers with only the basal lamina of the latter intervening. Three weeks after denervation, most boutons are larger and postsynaptic folds are present, although younger stages are also seen. Sixteen weeks after denervation, the neuromuscular junctions appear mature. This corresponds well with electrophysiological findings in the same material. The fully developed neuromuscular junctions sixteen weeks after denervation possess postsynaptic folds similar to those of normal “fast” muscle fibers. This suggests that the “fast” fibular nerve rather than the “slow” soleus muscle fibers determines the morphology of the postsynaptic folds. Possible trophic neuromuscular interactions are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215176
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  • 86
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    Electronic Resource
    The effects of testosterone, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, 3α-androstanediol, and 3β-androstanediol on epithelial fine structure of the rabbit epididymis in organ culture (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 167 (1976), S. 493-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Epididymis ; Rabbit ; Organ culture ; Androgens ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of the corpus epididymidis of the rabbit has been studied following organ culture. Various modifications of tissue preparation and culture conditions were examined to obtain good maintenance of cellular integrity as well as to preserve sperm fertilizing ability. After 5 to 7 days in culture in the absence of hormonal support, the epididymal epithelium showed signs indicative of cellular regression. Such changes included shrinkage of the cells, loss of the border of stereocilia, decrease in smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and an increase in autophagic vacuoles. The presence of androgens in culture media prevented cellular regression to varying degrees, depending on the hormone utilized. With regard to maintenance of cellular integrity, potency of the androgens tested was as follows: 5α-dihydrotestosterone 〉= 3α-androstanediol 〉 testosterone 〉 3β-androstanediol. Addition of insulin to dihydrotestosterone-containing cultures resulted in no improvement in maintenance. Phagocytosis of spermatozoa by epithelial cells was observed in cultured tubules and the degree of spermiophagy was inversely proportional to successful maintenance of fine structural characteristics of epithelial cells. The morphological findings reported here correlate well with the fertilizing ability of spermatozoa from cultured epididymis as reported in an accompanying communication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215180
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  • 87
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    The saccus dorsalis of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 167 (1976), S. 467-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Saccus dorsalis, Salmo gairdneri Richardson ; Histology ; Ultrastructure ; Cytochemistry ; Enzyme-cytochemistry ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The saccus dorsalis of the brain of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, has been investigated by means of histological, cytochemical, enzyme-cytochemical, electron microscopical and autoradiographical techniques. The saccus dorsalis is a rostro-dorsal evagination of the diencephalic roof, and consists of a partly folded epithelial wall separating the cerebrospinal fluid from the meningeal matrix fluid. The well-developed vascular system around the epithelial wall, consisting of capillaries with different diameters, seems to be part of the pineal vascular system. No structures were found that may be involved in a possible mechanical or nervous blood flow control. The single-layered epithelium consists of highly specialized cells of one specific type. These cells are mainly characterized by infolded basal membranes, long microvilli of a peculiar shape, non-folded lateral membranes bordering intercellular spaces, apical concentrations of elongate and cupshaped macromitochondria, a basally located rough endoplasmic reticulum, an apically situated smooth endoplasmic reticulum and apical concentrations of micropinocytotic vesicles. Morphological evidence is presented of a multiple function of these cells: (1) fluid secretion, (2) extrusion of low molecular weight organic substances into the ventricular system, (3) uptake of high molecular weight substances, and (4) uptake of low molecular weight organic substances (aminergic neurotransmitters [GABA]) from the cerebrospinal fluid. The significance of light and dark cells is discussed. Indications of a possible innervation of the saccus dorsalis epithelial cells were not observed. The functional significance of the saccus dorsalis (possible analogue of the choroid plexus?) is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215179
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  • 88
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    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the ultrastructure of the gills of the river lamprey, Lampetra fluviatilis (L.), during the anadromous spawning migration (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 173 (1976), S. 271-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chloride cell ; Gill filaments ; Ultrastructure ; Ion transport ; Migration ; River lamprey ; Lampetra fluviatilis (L)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two types of mitochondria-rich cells were found in the interplatelet areas of the gills of the migrating river lamprey. Both cell types are thought to be responsible for ion-transport across the gills. In the fresh-run migrant the gills are dominated by large, flask-shaped cells which show some ultra-structural similarities with the teleost chloride cell and have been tentatively referred to as ion-excretory cells. During the spawning migration the ion-excretory cells are replaced by smaller, mitochondria-rich cells which are similar in structure to the presumed ion-transporting cells in the ammocoete gill. They lack the tubular, smooth-membraned endoplasmic reticulum so characteristic of the lamprey ion-excretory cell and the teleost chloride cell and have been referred to as ion-uptake cells. The ion-uptake cells are found during the stenohaline, freshwater phases of the lamprey's life history. Ion-excretory cells are present during the periods of the life cycle when the animal is euryhaline. The possibility that the ion-excretory cells are also responsible for ion-uptake in fresh water is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221380
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  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fine structure of fins and finrays of Tilapia mossambica (Peters) (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 173 (1976), S. 349-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Finrays ; Tilapia ; Ultrastructure ; Calcification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Light and electron-microscopic studies were carried out on the fins of the fish Tilapia mossambica (Peters). A detailed description is presented of the different skeletal components comprising the finrays. The mode of development of the hemisegments appears in several ways similar to that of fish scales. Each hemisegment is contained by an envelope of scleroblasts which secrete collagen fibres in a unipolar fashion. Calcification takes place as a result of deposition of hydroxyapatite-like crystals between the collagen fibres. However, the orientation of these fibres is not as regular as that of the fibres occurring in scales.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220323
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  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The elastic cartilage in the normal rat epiglottis (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 173 (1976), S. 179-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Epiglottis ; Rat ; Elastic cartilage ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Chondrocytes of the rat epiglottis contain large amounts of glycogen and lipids, which often make the cells resemble fat cells. The content of lipids is interpreted as being related to the function of the cells. The membranes of some of the large vacuoles are stained with ruthenium red. The cells give rise to long cytoplasmic processes. As in hyaline cartilage the intercellular substance consists of a fine network containing proteoglycan granules together with thicker cross striated fibers. Furthermore elastic fibers are found, consisting of amorphous and microfibrillar parts. In the matrix, both lysosome-like granules and more or less empty vesicles are observed. Accumulations of a finely particulate electron dense material and of a translucent amorphous material containing membrane bound granules are found in some lacunae situated in the outer part of the cartilage. These accumulations are possibly related to the development of collagenous and elastic fibers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221374
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  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exocrine pancreas under experimental conditions (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 173 (1976), S. 221-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Exocrine pancreas ; Secretion process ; In vitro experiments ; Ultrastructure ; Parachlorophenylalanine ; Protein synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The in vitro formation of paracrystalline structures after addition of high concentrations of amino acids to the incubation medium was investigated in pancreatic lobules and pancreatic homogenates. It could be shown that even in the homogenate, pCPA induced the formation of paracrystalline structures which exhibited the same ultrastructural arrangement as seen in the in vivo induced paracrystalline inclusions in the RER of the rat pancreas. In correlation with the morphological alterations, the functional consequences to the secretory process, i.e. amylase discharge, discharge of pulse-labeled proteins and incorporation of 3H-leucine into pancreatic proteins, were studied in pancreatic lobules. Two different approaches were used. Firstly, the effect of pCPA-pretreatment of rats and secondly, the effect of higher pCPA concentrations in the incubation medium on the secretory process in untreated pancreatic lobules were studied. A nonparallelism of inhibition of the three different steps of the secretory process depending, with respect to its extent, on time after pCPA-application (4–72 h) and on the concentration of pCPA (1 · 10-5 to 1 · 10-2 M) in the incubation medium was found. In addition to specific effects probably due to pCPA and to the paracrystalline inclusions, unspecific alterations, particularly accompanying degenerative processes after in vivo pretreatment, could be differentiated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221377
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigations on the turnover of adrenocortical mitochondria (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 172 (1976), S. 149-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal cortex ; Mitochondria ; Ultrastructure ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The radioactivity decay of the mitochondrial compartment of 3H-thymidine-injected rats was followed by high resolution autoradiography. The number of days in which the radioactivity of the mitochondrial compartment is reduced to a half was calculated from the semilogarithmic plots of radioactivity versus time. Since DNA is a very stable molecule, it was assumed that this parameter can be an estimate of the half-life of adrenocortical mitochondria. It was found that the half-lives of mitochondria from the zonae glomerulosa, fasciculata and reticularis are, respectively, 8.20, 11.51 and 8.16 days.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226023
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of chronic exercise on the ultrastructure of the adrenocortical cells in the rat (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 168 (1976), S. 261-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal cortex ; Exercise ; Rat ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Four groups of male rats were exercised for periods of 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks with controls in each group. As a result of chronic exercise there was an increase in the width of the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex. Also, there was an increase in the number and size of the mitochondria, and an increase in the quantity of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and during the first 4 weeks of exercise an increase in the number of lipid droplets in the zona fasciculata. The close relationship between the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria, and the relationship between the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the lipid droplets suggests a possible means for a transport mechanism for movement of precursors between these organelles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215882
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structural observations on the protonephridium of the terrestrial triclad Geoplana pasipha (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 168 (1976), S. 455-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Protonephridium ; Flatworm ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The protonephridial system of the terrestrial triclad Geoplana pasipha was studied by electron microscopy. In general construction it conforms to that of the freshwater planarian Dugesia tigrina (McKanna, 1968, 1968 a). Ultrastructural details permit the identification of proximal, collecting, osmoregulatory and nephridiopore regions. Intralumenal material is frequently observed within the tubules, whose cells are always joined by septate junctions. Cilia are numerous and possibly contribute to the flow of water and solutes along the system. Proximal tubules have a peculiar, particulate membrane coat, while a continuous coat, densely stainable with ruthenium red lines the more distal, unciliated tubules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215996
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural and cytochemical features of SV 40 transformed hypothalamic cell lines (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 171 (1976), S. 39-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Cell lines ; Differentiation ; Ultrastructure ; Cytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A continuous cell line was previously obtained by Simian Virus (SV) 40 transformation of primary cultures of dissociated mouse fetal hypothalami. One clone from this cell line has been previously shown to possess some of the ultrastructural features, immunological properties and synthesizing capacities of magnocellular hypothalamic neurons which secrete vasopressin and neurophysins. The present paper reports on the morphological characterization of 14 other clones or subclones of the original cell line, using the following criteria: phase contrast microscopy, electron microscopy, Gomori's aldehyde fuchsin staining, cytochemical detection of β-glucuronidase, immunochemical staining with antisera against bovine neurophysin I, bovine neurophysin II, lys-vasopressin, oxytocin, LH-RH and TRH. The results allowed the conclusion that the clones as well as the subclones can be distributed into two groups: 1) neurosecretory neurons which all possess several of the ultrastructural and cytochemical features of the neurophysin-vasopressin synthesizing clone, and 2) primitive nerve cells which are devoid of such features but display numerous bundles of filaments. In addition some clones were found to display intermediate features between groups 1 and 2. A similar diversity was observed within clones of the original strain and subclones of a neurosecretory clone. It is suggested that the primitive clones could represent precursors of the neurosecretory clones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219699
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell junctions in the epithelium of Bowman's capsule (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 172 (1976), S. 431-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Kidney ; Bowman's capsule ; Zonulae occludentes ; Gap junctions ; Freeze-fracturing ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The intercellular connections between the epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule were investigated. It could be demonstrated that typical zonulae occludentes (tight junctions) are present in the species (rat, hamster, and Tupaia) studied. Freeze-fracturing shows a network of anastomizing strands; some species variations are described. In the rat two strands are common. In the golden hamster mostly two to four and occasionally five strands occur. In Tupaia regularly three tight junction strands are found and also gap junctions associated with the zonulae occludentes. In thin sections the goniometric analysis confirms the freeze-fracturing results and reveals attachment zones of macular shape, which are classified as intermediate junctions and desmosomes. The functional role of these cell junctions observed in the epithelium of Bowman's capsule is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220330
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the fine structure of invertebrate blood vessels (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 172 (1976), S. 405-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Blood vessels ; Invertebrate ; Leeches ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The position, structure and function of the valves within the lateral sinus of the medical leech, Hirudo medicinalis, are described on the basis of vital, light- and electron microscopy. In this species the valvular apparatus consists of multiple elongated fir cone-shaped fibrous villi surrounding the orifices of the latero-lateral and latero-dorsal vessel like a tentacular crest. Each villus is covered by a thin sheet of a continuous endothelium. The valves prevent the backflow of hemolymph during systolic contraction of the lateral sinus. The endothelium contains many small mitochondria and polyribosomes in the perinuclear cytoplasm and it develops deep projections into the underlying connective tissue. Each of these consists of a multilayered system of closely interwoven thin endothelial membranes. The endothelium is anchored to its basement membrane by means of a great number of poorly defined hemidesmosomes. The fibrous tissue of the villi consists mainly of a homogeneous vitreous matrix in which few cellular components and very fine filaments are dispersed. Close to the endothelium this matrix appears to be condensed to form a multilayered framework made out of a basement membrane-like material. Though the valves themselves are devoid of muscle cells, those situated at their base and thus belonging to the vascular wall proper, display some specific morphological features: in particular the nuclei of these cells show a distinct fibrous lamina. Moreover, these muscle cells seem to be innervated only by one type of axon, containing both small, lucent synaptic vesicles as well as some of the dense-core variety. These findings are compared with data from earlier works and are discussed in relation to the hemodynamic functions of this valvular apparatus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00399522
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of some sympatholytic, parasympatholytic and serotonin-synthesis-inhibiting agents on the ultrastructure of the rabbit pineal organ (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 167 (1976), S. 167-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal organ ; Rabbit ; Drugs ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of certain drugs on the ultrastructure of rabbit pinealocytes was studied. The results obtained after administration of p-chlorophenylalanine and p-chloroamphetamine support the hypothesis proposed earlier that the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the light pinealocytes is involved in indoleamine synthesis. The administration of either one of the sympatholytic agents, 6-hydroxydopamine or α-methyl-p-tyrosine, induced typical fine structural changes corresponding to those observed after surgical sympathectomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224325
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural study on the hypothalamic-hypophysial-adrenal axis in fetal rats (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 168 (1976), S. 549-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamic-hypophysial-adrenal axis ; Rat ; Development ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The adrenal glands of decapitated and encephalectomized fetal rats were investigated electron microscopically and compared to those of normal intact fetal rats. Although the adrenal cortices did not show three zones (zona glomerulosa, fasciculata, and reticularis) on the 16.5th day of gestation when the decapitation or encephalectomy was carried out in utero, the zonation was recognized in fetuses operated on the 21.5th day of gestation. The same was true for normal control fetuses. However, cytoplasmic characteristics suggesting steroidogenesis in the cortical cells were reduced to various degrees in the encephalectomized or decapitated fetuses, especially in the latter ones. The change in cytoplasmic appearance was more conspicuous in the inner portion of the cortex. This result suggests that for the maintenance of normal adrenocortical function the hypothalamus may be indispensable even during the prenatal life of rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216002
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fine structure of the hypothalamic secretory neurons of the White-crowned Sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii (Passeriformes: Fringillidae) (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 165 (1976), S. 415-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Rostral hypothalamus ; Secretory neurons ; Magnocellular and parvocellular systems ; Ultrastructure ; Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii (Aves)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structures of the neurons and neuropils of the magnocellular supraoptic nucleus and the parvocellular nuclei of the rostral hypothalamus, including the suprachiasmatic and medial, lateral and periventricular preoptic nuclei, and the neuronal apparatus of the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis, have been examined in the male White-crowned Sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii, by correlated light and electron microscopy. The magnocellular supraoptic nucleus is characterized by large neurosecretory perikarya which contain a well developed Golgi complex and densecored granules 1,500–2,200 Å in diameter. The neuropil displays axons, dendrites and glial fibers. Some axonal profiles contain dense-cored vesicles 800–1,000 Å in diameter and clear vesicles 500 Å in diameter. Axo-somatic and axo-dendritic synapses are conspicuous in this nuclear region. The suprachiasmatic nucleus is characterized by an accumulation of small neurons with moderately developed cellular organelles and some dense-cored granules, approximately 1,000 Å in diameter. The profiles of axons within the neuropil contain dense-cored granules 800–1,000 Å in diameter and clear vesicles 500 Å in diameter. The neurons of the medial preoptic nucleus are relatively large and exhibit well developed cellular organelles and dense-cored granules 1,300 to 1,500 Å in diameter. Granular materials are formed within the Golgi complex. The medial preoptic nucleus is rich in secretory perikarya. Occasionally, neurons with granules 1,500–2,200 Å in diameter are encountered in the lateral preoptic and periventricular preoptic nuclei. They may be considered as scattered elements of the magnocellular (supraoptic and paraventricular) system. The organum vasculosum laminae terminalis consists of three layers, i.e., ependymal, internal and external zones, and exhibits a vascular arrangement similar to that of the median eminence. The perikarya of the parvocellular neurons and their axons in the internal zone contain numerous secretory granules ranging from 1,300 to 1,500 Å in diameter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224473
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