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  • 2020-2023
  • 2000-2004  (15)
  • 1980-1984  (95)
  • 1965-1969  (35)
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  • Bone
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melorheostosis: case report with radiologic–pathologic correlation (2000)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 29 (2000), S. 548-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Melorheostosis ; Dysplasia ; Bone ; Lower extremity ; Radiographs ; Specimen radiographs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Melorheostosis is an unusual mesenchymal dysplasia, which commonly presents on radiographs as longitudinal bars of hyperostosis in osseous structures. We present a case of melorheostosis in the lower extremity of a 20-year-old woman for which detailed radiologic– pathologic correlation was achieved due to amputation of the involved limb.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560000255
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular bone morphometry (2000)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 14 (2000), S. 629-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words Histomorphometry ; In situ hybridization histochemistry ; Molecular morphometry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Quantitative histomorphometric assessment of bone biopsies represents a powerful and informative method for the study of metabolic bone diseases. It is the gold standard against which the noninvasive ”diagnostic” markers of bone metabolism as well as newly available therapeutic modalities are tested. With the rapid progress in technology of molecular biology, identification of systemic and local biomolecules known to regulate bone metabolism can now be achieved. The study of localization, levels of expression, and synthesis of these factors in bone and its microenvironment is possible through applications of in situ hybridization histochemistry (ISHH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Application of ISHH allows study of specific mRNA expression. IHC determines the presence and distribution of target protein in cells. These two methodologies provide the link between the cellular processes of mRNA transcription and translation to the working protein. Combining the established bone histomorphometric techniques with ISHH and IHC elevates the study of bone to new heights, i.e., cellular and molecular mechanistic issues can now be studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004670000345
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of muscle strength and bone structure in children with renal disease (2000)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 14 (2000), S. 669-672 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words Renal disease ; Bone ; Muscle ; Renal osteopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Bone structure and muscular strength of 30 children with renal disease were investigated by peripheral computed tomography and grip strength. Sixteen children suffered from nephrotic syndrome (NS) and had previously been treated with corticosteroids. Fourteen children suffered from chronic renal failure (CRF) ranging from mild renal failure to end-stage renal disease. Six children had received kidney transplants and corticosteroids for immunosuppression. There was a significant decrease in grip strength of children with NS (SD –0.91± 1.5; P=0.042) and children with CRF (SD –1.38±1.4; P〈0.001) compared with normal children. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between cortical area and grip strength in all children with renal disease (r=0.92; P〈0.0001). Trabecular bone mineral density did not correlate well with grip strength. These findings resemble results found in healthy children. Trabecular bone mineral density was significantly elevated in children with CRF compared with normal children (SD 1.14±1.4; P=0.008).Grip strength as a marker of muscle mass and cortical area as a marker of bone strength correlate well in children with renal disease, similar to the correlation in healthy children. Grip strength is significantly lower in children with NS and CRF compared with normal children. These data suggest that muscular impairment could be involved in renal osteopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004670000360
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue Engineering mit mesenchymalen Stammzellen zur Knorpel- und Knochenneubildung (2000)
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 71 (2000), S. 1001-1008 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter: Tissue Engineering ; Mesenchymale Stammzellen ; Knochen ; Knorpel. ; Keywords: Tissue engineering ; Mesenchymal stem cells ; Bone ; Cartilage.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract. Tissue engineering offers the possibility to fabricate living substitutes for tissues and organs by combining histogenic cells and biocompatible carrier materials. Pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells are isolated and subcultured ex vivo and then their histogenic differentiation is induced by external factors. The fabrication of bone and cartilage constructs, their combinations and gene therapeutic approaches are demonstrated. Advantages and disadvantages of these methods are described by in vitro and in vitro testing. The proof of histotypical function after implantation in vivo is essential. The use of autologous cells and tissue engineering methods offers the possibility to overcome the disadvantages of classical tissue reconstruction – donor site morbidity of autologous grafts, immunogenicity of allogenic grafts and loosening of alloplastic implants. Furthermore, tissue engineering widens the spectrum of surgical indications in bone and cartilage reconstruction.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung. Tissue engineering ermöglicht die Herstellung lebender Konstrukte zum Gewebeersatz durch die Kombination histogener Zellen und biokompatiblen Trägermaterialien. Pluripotente mesenchymale Stammzellen können isoliert, ex vivo vermehrt und ihre gewebetypische Differenzierung durch Faktoren induziert werden. Es wird die Herstellung von Knochen- und Knorpelkonstrukten, deren Kombination sowie gentherapeutische Ansätze dargestellt. Vor- und Nachteile der Methoden werden durch in vitro und in vivo Testung beschrieben. Essentiell ist der Nachweis der gewebetypischen Funktion der Konstrukte nach Implantation in den Defekt. Die Verwendung autogener Zellen und Methoden des Tissue engineerings bietet die Möglichkeit die Probleme des klassischen Gewebeersatzes – Morbidität der autogenen Spenderstelle, Immunogenität des allogenen Transplantats und Lockerung von alloplastischen Implantaten – zu überwinden und erweitert das Indikationsspektrum in der rekonstruktiven Chirurgie.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001040070002
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia (2000)
    Springer
    European radiology 10 (2000), S. 1832-1835 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Platyspondyly ; MRI ; Progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia ; Bone ; Osteochondrodysplasia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A rare case of progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia (PPD) in a 9-year-old girl is presented. Clinically, chronic painless swollen joints, accompanied by progressive motion restriction and progressive walking difficulties, were found. Radiologically, there was enlargement of the epimetaphyseal portions of the large joints, metacarpal heads, and phalanges, and generalized platyspondyly with irregular delineation of the endplates of the vertebral bodies. The radioclinical features at the peripheral joints were originally misdiagnosed as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), and the structural spinal abnormalities were neglected and interpreted as Scheuermann's disease. However, the absence of active inflammatory parameters argues against JRA, whereas the low age of onset of the irregularities at the vertebral endplates is an argument against the diagnosis of Scheuermann's disease. The combination of the dysplastic abnormalities of the spine, with platyspondyly and Scheuermann-like lesions at an unusually low age of onset, and radiological features mimicking JRA of the peripheral joints, is the clue to the diagnosis of this rare autosomal-recessive disease. This case is the first to document the MRI features of PPD of the spine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300000518
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Utah paradigm of skeletal physiology: an overview of its insights for bone, cartilage and collagenous tissue organs (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of bone and mineral metabolism 18 (2000), S. 305-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5604
    Keywords: Key words Utah paradigm ; Bone ; Joint ; Ligament ; Biomechanics ; Osteoporosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a 1960 paradigm of skeletal physiology, effector cells (chondroblasts, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, etc.) regulated by nonmechanical agents wholly determined the architecture, strength, and health of bones, joints, fascia, ligaments, and tendons. Biomechanical and tissue-level phenomena had no roles in that paradigm. Subsequent studies and evidence slowly revealed skeletal tissue-level mechanisms and their functions, including biomechanical ones, as well as "game rules" that seem to govern them. That slow discovery process found that effector cells are only parts of tissue-level mechanisms, as kidney cells are only parts of nephrons and wheels are only parts of cars. Normally all those things help to determine skeletal architecture, strength, and health, and adding them to the 1960 paradigm led to the still-evolving Utah paradigm of skeletal physiology that concerns, in part, how load-bearing skeletal organs adapt to the voluntary mechanical loads on them. That caused controversies this article does not try to resolve; instead, it describes some issues they concern. In that regard, controversy can depend on how one assesses the relevance of facts to a problem more than on their accuracy. If a paradigm added new facts to a former one and the new one's advocates viewed all those facts as relevant, but the former's advocates questioned the relevance of some of the new facts, their views about a problem could differ even though each view depended on accurate facts. Readers would make their own judgments about the bearing of those ideas on this article's content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007740070001
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Verstärkung der Expression von Wachstumsfaktoren durch adenoviralen Gentransfer Eine neue Methode zur Frakturbehandlung? (2000)
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 71 (2000), S. 995-1000 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter: Gentherapie ; Knochen ; Fraktur ; Wachstumsfaktoren. ; Keywords: Gene therapy ; Bone ; Fracture ; Growth factors.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract. Gene therapy in orthopedic surgery is a new technic based on the idea of biological tissue healing. External gene segments are transferred to cells that overexpress growth factors locally to achieve this effect. The influence of growth factors on fracture healing is very well documented in the literature. Experimental data demonstrate that defect healing in bone can be accelerated by the application of different cytokines in vivo. Gene transfer is a promising, new technic of in situ tissue engineering that will enter clinics within the next decade.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung. Gentherapie in der Orthopädischen Chirurgie ist eine neue Technik, die auf der Idee basiert, die biologische Gewebeheilung zu unterstützen. Um dies zu erreichen, werden externe Gensegmente auf Zellen transferiert, die in Folge vermehrt Wachstumsfaktoren im Bereich der Fraktur produzieren. Die Wirkung von Wachstumsfaktoren auf die Frakturheilung ist gut dokumentiert. Die bislang durchgeführten tierexperimentellen Studien demonstrieren eine gute Beeinflussbarkeit der knöchernen Defektheilung. Der Gentransfer kann als eine neue erfolgversprechende Technik des in situ Tissue Engineering angesehen werden, mit deren klinischer Anwendung in der nächsten Dekade gerechnet werden darf.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001040051173
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling Tracer Transport in an Osteon under Cyclic Loading (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 28 (2000), S. 1200-1209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Bone ; Bone fluid ; Mixing ; Lacunar-canalicular porosity ; Metabolism ; Mass transport ; Poroelasticity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract A mathematical model is developed to explain the fundamental conundrum as to how during cyclic mechanical loading there can be net solute (e.g., nutrient, tracer) transport in bone via the lacunar-canalicular porosity when there is no net fluid movement in the canaliculi over a loading cycle. Our hypothesis is that the fluid space in an osteocytic lacuna facilitates a nearly instantaneous mixing process of bone fluid that creates a difference in tracer concentration between the inward and outward canalicular flow and thus ensures net tracer transport to the osteocytes during cyclic loading, as has been shown experimentally. The sequential spread of the tracer from the osteonal canal to the lacunae is investigated for an osteon experiencing sinusoidal loading. The fluid pressure in the canaliculi is calculated using poroelasticity theory and the mixing process in the lacunae is then simulated computationally. The tracer concentration in lacunae extending radially from the osteonal canal to the cement line is calculated as a function of the loading frequency, loading magnitude, and number of loading cycles as well as the permeability of the lacunar-canalicular porosity. Our results show that net tracer transport to the lacunae does occur for cyclic loading. Tracer transport is found to increase with higher loading magnitude and higher permeability and to decrease with increasing loading frequency. This work will be helpful in designing experimental studies of tracer movement and bone fluid flow, which will enhance our understanding of bone metabolism as well as bone adaptation. © 2000 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC00: 8716Uv, 8719Rr, 8716Ac
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1114/1.1317531
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decreased efficacy of bisphosphonates for recurrences of tumor-induced hypercalcemia (2000)
    Springer
    Supportive care in cancer 8 (2000), S. 398-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-7339
    Keywords: Key words Bisphosphonate ; Hypercalcemia ; Breast cancer ; Bone ; Osteoclast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Bisphosphonates are now the standard treatment for tumor-induced hypercalcemia (TIH), and pamidronate can normalize serum Ca in at least 90% of the patients treated for the first time. However, there are few data on the treatment of TIH when it recurs, and published results are contradictory. We studied 29 patients with solid tumors, 14 of whom had breast cancer and all of whom were naive to bisphosphonate therapy. They were retreated with pamidronate (median dose 1 mg/kg for both courses) for recurrence of TIH after a median interval of 78 (range 7–297) days. Fourteen of them, 7 of whom had breast cancer, were treated a third time 28 (range 5–79) days after the second course (median dose of pamidronate 1.5 mg/kg). Baseline Ca levels were not significantly different before each course, but the nadirs after each treatment progressively increased, 9.3±0.2 mg/dl, 10.5±0.3 mg/dl, and 12.3±0.4 mg/dl after the 1st, 2nd and 3rd administrations, respectively (P〈0.05). The percentage of treatment failures also progressively increased: 10%, 31% and 85% (P〈0.05). This decreased hypocalcemic effect was essentially observed in patients without bone metastases or with tumors other than breast cancer. Thus, in patients without bone metastases, Ca levels did not decrease at all after the 3rd course, whereas the responses were not significantly different between the three courses in patients with bone metastases. Baseline urinary hydroxyproline, a marker of bone resorption, increased progressively from course to course, especially in patients with bone metastases or breast cancer, but this was not the case for parameters of bone formation. There was also a progressive increase in PTHrP levels accompanied by an increase in the number of patients with enhanced kidney reabsorption of Ca and a decrease in the threshold for Pi excretion, which was significant in patients without bone metastases. In conclusion, pamidronate was progressively less efficient when hypercalcemia recurred. This was observed mainly in patients with hypercalcemia of humoral origin. Tumor progression is accompanied by an enhanced release of osteolytic factors, notably PTHrP, that increase bone resorption and enhance kidney calcium reabsorption, especially in patients without bone metastases. When both phenomena occur, the response to bisphosphonates becomes minimal and the usefulness of therapy questionable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005200050008
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A morphological study of bone and articular cartilage in ochronosis (2000)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 436 (2000), S. 74-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Ochronosis ; Bone ; Cartilage ; Arthropathy ; Alkaptonuria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  An ochronotic femoral head has been studied morphologically under the light and the electron microscope. Its articular cartilage showed the alterations already reported in the literature, mainly consisting of erosions of the surface, pigment accumulation in chondrocytes and intercellular matrix, chondrocyte degeneration, the formation of pigmented, calcified and uncalcified microshards, and the presence of granulation tissue with macrophagic cells. The changes in bone were less severe than those in cartilage. Pigment was present in the calcified matrix. This did not seem to disturb the organization of the bone tissue, although it was diffusely osteoporotic, perhaps because of limb disuse. The preservation of calcified matrix might depend on the fact that its collagen fibrils are encrusted by mineral substance, which avoids the dangerous effects that the deposition of ochronotic pigment induces in the fibrils of soft connective tissues. On the other hand, the newly formed osteoid matrix remains uncalcified for too short a time to be modified by the pigment. Diffuse or granular pigmentation was found in a few osteocytes, while several of them were condensed or reduced to cellular fragments. Bone resorption often occurred near these osteocytes. However, this did not seem to alter the degree of bone remodelling, possibly because of the relatively low numbers of degenerated or dead osteocytes. Pigment was also contained in the cytoplasmic vacuoles of otherwise active osteoclasts, whereas it was not found in osteoblasts. On the whole, ochronosis in bone seems to induce the same changes as in other connective tissues. However, their severity appears to be limited by calcification, which prevents modifications in collagen fibrils, and by bone remodelling, which to some extent eliminates the oldest, pigment-richest parts of the tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00008202
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A back-scattered electron microscopy (BSEM) study of the tight apposition between bone and hydroxyapatite coating (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of orthopaedics and traumatology 1 (2000), S. 11-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1590-9999
    Keywords: Key words Hydroxyapatite ; Bone ; Interface ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We performed a back-scattered electron microscopy analysis of the interface between newly formed bone and hydroxyapatite coating, in an experimental rabbit model. Twenty cylinders made of Ti6A14V and coated with hydroxyapatite at different crystallinity were implanted in the distal femural canal and retrieved at 4, 8, 26 an 34 weeks. Crystallinity of the coating varied from 90% to 60% and thickness varied between 50 and 100 μm. Osteocytes were detectable a few micrometers in proximity of the coating. They produced new bone which was so tightly apposed to the coating that high magnification BSEM did not resolve any discontinuity at the interface. This was not observed in uncoated implants. Degradation of the hydroxyapatite coating is not a simple hydrolytic process because newly formed bone is remodelled in areas were a tight apposition with hydroxyapatite is present. The coatint itself is likely to be attacked by the resorptive action of multinucleated giant cells and osteoclasts. In conclusion, response to coated samples is morphologically characterized by tight apposition with bone. The substitution of areas of the coating by newly formed bone is possible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00012192
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequential Changes and Pattern of Bone-Specific Alkaline Phosphatase after Trauma (2000)
    Springer
    European journal of trauma 26 (2000), S. 33-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-3146
    Keywords: Key words Alkaline phosphatase ; Bone ; Lectin precipitation ; Fracture ; Osteoblast activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Serum activity of bone specific alkaline phosphatase, a product of differentiated osteoblasts, is thought to mirror fracture healing. The precise time course after various conditions involving bone healing is, however, poorly described. The aim of our study was to evaluate sequential changes of bone alkaline phosphatase over a period of 20 weeks in traumatized patients with and without bone injuries. The bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase was determined in frozen serum samples using a new automated procedure based on the wheat germ lectin precipitation method. Patients were stratified into different groups: 1. ST – soft tissue injury without bone participation; 2. DF – diaphysial fracture of tibia or femur; 3. MT – patients suffering from multiple traumas; 4. PF – proximal femur fracture, treated with dynamic hip screw; and 5. EP – femur neck fracture, treated with cemented endoprosthesis. Similar values were obtained in all measured groups on the day of admission (ST 35.83±6.15 U/l; PF 27.37±4.43 U/l; EP 31.09±7.42 U/l). In the following measurements, enzyme activity decreased significantly in all groups to reach a nadir within the first week, ranging between 41 and 82% of the activity immediatly postoperative. Thereafter, a substantial increase occurred in all groups investigated. In the ST group, this increase led to an activity level that was comparable to the first posttraumatic value (39.06±7.81 U/l). In contrast, average values in all other groups revealed a further increase, which was significantly elevated compared to measurements taken the first day after trauma (DF 74.36±10.84 U/l; MT 177.87±30.0 U/l; PF 93.39±22.08 U/l; EP 51,52±7.33 U/l). Additionally, the time to reach the peak in enzyme activity differed between groups. In the MT group, it was observed as early as 3 weeks after injury, in the DF group the peak was reached as late as 6 weeks after trauma. The results of the study indicate that bone alkaline phophatase activity undergoes a specific pattern of changes after trauma. It may be assumed that the initial decrease is part of a general stress response to trauma and operation. The subsequent increase seems to depend from the magnitude of bone repair and the type of fracture healing, e.g. diaphysial fracture healing takes longer time than cancellous bone healing. These results seem to be a useful basis in order to establish a laboratory monitoring of fracture healing in subsequent studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00002436
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioactive materials to control cell cycle (2000)
    Springer
    Materials research innovations 3 (2000), S. 313-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-075X
    Keywords: Keywords Glass ; Cell cycle ; Genes ; Bone ; Bioactive materials ; Osteogenesis ; Prostheses ; Omplants ; Ageing ; Osteoblasts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  Many of the present generation biomaterials are still based upon the early concept that implantable materials should be bioinert and therefore designed to evoke minimal tissue response, if none. However, a growing body of clinical data demonstrates that the long survivability of these materials is hampered by high rates of failure, which is primarily attributed to interfacial instability. It has therefore become understood that this approach is not optimal. Modern approaches implicate the use of biomaterials that can actively interact with tissues and induce their intrinsic repair and regenerative potential. This involves control over the cell cycle, the molecular framework that controls cell proliferation and differentiation. Class A bioactive glass-ceramic materials were the first materials shown to endorse these properties and, depending upon the rate of resorption and release of ions, can create chemical gradients with specific biological actions over cells and tissues. Optimising this bioactive regenerative capacity of Bioactive glass-ceramics offers great hope for producing biomaterials that can stimulate growth, repair, and regeneration of any human tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100190000055
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of commercially pure titanium implants bone integration mechanism (2000)
    Springer
    European journal of plastic surgery 23 (2000), S. 301-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0130
    Keywords: Key words Titanium ; Implants ; Bone ; TOF–SIMS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In order to study commercially pure (CP) titanium bone interaction and integration mechanism, titanium implant bone interface formed for 1, 3 and 6 months was examined and analyzed by advanced TOF–SIMS analysis. The results obtained show: 1) Titanium and bone tissue integrated closely; 2) The action between CP titanium and bone tissue is a reactive process; both physical and chemical integration occur at the titanium–bone interface; 3) Titanium diffuses into the bone tissue, though the diffusion density is limited; 4) The diffusion area of titanium into bone tissue noted during the follow-up period is up to 100 μm. In this paper the titanium bone integration mechanism was studied, both at molecular and anatomic level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002380000165
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of self-reinforced polyglycolide membrane on osteogenesis: an experimental study in rats (2000)
    Springer
    European journal of plastic surgery 23 (2000), S. 423-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0130
    Keywords: Key words Absorbable ; Bone ; Membrane ; Osteogenesis ; Polyglycolide ; Tissue engineering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  This study is part of a series of studies evaluating self-reinforced polyglycolide (SR-PGA) membranes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of SR-PGA membrane on osteogenesis in order to assess its use in tissue engineering and bone regeneration. SR-PGA membranes (15×20 mm) were implanted over the femoral diaphyseal bone of 27 Wistar rats (over the periosteum). Each membrane was stabilized using a Dexon suture cerclage. Rats were followed-up for 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 15 and 30 weeks. Histology and microradiography were used to evaluate bone formation. The membranes were excised and tested for their tensile strength properties, the results of which are published in a separate report. Bone formation periosteally was seen in 21/27 cases (77.8%, confidence interval 57.7–91.4). It occurred in all cases at 1, 2 and 3 weeks. At 6 weeks, it was seen in three out of four cases but at 8 weeks, only in one out of three cases. Bone formation seen as thickened cortex was detected at 15 weeks in all of the three cases and at 30 weeks in three out of six cases. Hence, bone formation was seen in most of the cases when SR-PGA membranes were applied around rats’ femora. They can be recommended for use in bone tissue engineering and regeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002380000200
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Roentgenographic-pathologic correlation of diffuse sclerosis in Ewing Sarcoma of bone (1984)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 12 (1984), S. 69-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Ewing sarcoma ; Bone ; Sclerosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Roentgenographic review of the first 210 cases of Ewing sarcoma (ES) in the Intergroup Ewing Sarcoma study revealed that 37.6% of cases had evidence of diffusely increased intraosseous density or diffuse sclerosis (DS). In these cases the sclerosis was usually mixed with various patterns of lysis and/or combined with a periosteal reaction. A radiograph blinded histologic review of selected biopsies showed an 83% incidence of dead bone compared to 23% in those without DS. Ten percent of the cases with DS had appositional new bone formation on dead bone whereas none of the cases without DS showed such reactions. Pathologic explanation of the roentgenographically identified diffuse sclerosis in ES has not been previously well documented in the medical literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00360810
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Focal hematopoietic hyperplasia of the rib —A form of pseudotumor (1984)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 11 (1984), S. 108-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Bone ; Bone marrow ; Hematopoietic hyperplasia ; Pseudotumor ; Rib
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two patients are presented who had a resection of a solitary expansile rib lesion. The radiologic features were nonspecific and the lesions were thought to represent either fibrous dysplasia, myeloma, or metastatic disease. Histologically, the lesion consisted of focal hyperplasia of the bone marrow involving all hematopoietic elements. The marrow expanded the rib, eroded the cortex, and extended into the adjacent soft tissue. Neither patient had any underlying hematologic abnormality. A search of the English language literature failed to discover a description of a similar lesion. From the clinical course and follow-up information, the process appears to be benign. The authors believe the lesion is a form of pseudotumor, and propose that it be designated as “focal hematopoietic hyperplasia of rib” or “hematopoietic pseudotumor.”
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00348798
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  • 18
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    Electronic Resource
    Bone remodeling due to continuously applied loads (1984)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 36 (1984), S. S25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Remodeling ; Bone ; Stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary It has long been known that the stress history of bone tissue influences its structure; however, the nature of this relationship remains largely uncharacterized. The objective of this work was to induce a quantifiable change in the stress history ofin vivo bone tissue and examine subsequent changes in structural and material properties that might occur. Continuous compressive loads were applied to the diaphysis of adult mongrel dogs for 2 months. The loads, ranging from 12–130 N, were superposed on the normal activity of the animals by implanting spring loading devices on the diaphysis of the femur. After the animals were sacrificed, mid-diaphysial specimens were subjected to compression testing to determine a structural bulk stiffness. The cross-sectional areas of original bone tissue and new bone deposition were then determined. The ash weights of selected specimens were also determined. The results indicate that a positive correlation between the increase in cross-sectional area and the superposed stress does exist. The new bone apposition was found almost entirely on the periosteal surface. Very little evidence of internal remodeling or endosteal movement was observed. The new tissue was found to have a lower ash weight and appeared to have a disorganized microstructure. Mechanical testing also suggests that the newly deposited tissue is far less stiff than the mature original bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406130
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exacerbation of rickets and osteomalacia by maize: A study of bone histomorphometry and composition in young baboons (1984)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 36 (1984), S. 370-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Maize ; Vitamin D deficiency ; Bone ; Rickets ; Osteomalacia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Three groups of young baboons were fed for 16 months on one of three diets. The first group was given a well-tried semisynthetic formula, the second group the same diet save that vitamin D had been omitted, and the third group was given the vitamin D-free diet in which maize replaced the dextrin normally used. Although both groups fed the vitamin D-free diets developed rickets and osteomalacia, the group receiving maize did so far more rapidly and to a much greater degree of severity, as evidenced by clinical, radiological, biochemical, and histological signs. The mechanism by which maize acts remains unclear, but this report serves to emphasize the extremely detrimental effects that might be expected in populations who are deficient in vitamin D and who have predominantly cereal diets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405348
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Failure to detect an amorphous calcium-phosphate solid phase in bone mineral: A radial distribution function study (1984)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 36 (1984), S. 291-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Mineral ; Amorphous calcium phosphate ; X-ray diffraction ; Radial distribution function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary X-ray diffraction radial distribution function analysis was used to determine if a significant amount of an amorphous solid phase of calcium phosphate exists in bone, and if so, whether the amount varies as a function of age and maturation. Unfractionated cortical bone from embryonic and posthatch chicks of various ages and a low-density fraction of embryonic bone were studied. No evidence was found for the presence of an amorphous solid phase of calcium phosphate in any of the samples studied, including the recently deposited bone mineral of the low density fraction of embryonic bone. As little as 12.5% of synthetic amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) added to bone was readily detected by the radial distribution function technique used. The results clearly indicate that the concept that ACP is the initial solid mineral phase deposited in bone, and the major mineral constituent of young bone is no longer tenable. The concept does not provide an accurate description of the nature of the initial bone mineral deposited, or the changes that occur with maturation, nor can it acount for the compositional and X-ray diffraction changes that the mineral component undergoes during maturation and aging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405333
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hypervitaminosis D in the chick embryo: Comparative study on the activity of various vitamin D3 metabolites (1984)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 36 (1984), S. 392-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Vitamin D ; Chick embryo ; Bone ; Calcium ; Phosphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Chick embryos were injected in the yolk sac at various ages with various doses of different vitamin D3 metabolites. Serum concentrations of total calcium and inorganic phosphate were determined 24 h after the injection and histological and electron microscopic studies of the tibiae were conducted 3–6 days after. Confirming previous results, the injection of 1,25(OH)2D3 was found to produce significant hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia. The dose required to produce these effects decreased with age: 100 ng on the 9th day, 50 ng on the 11th, and 10 ng on the 15th. This finding is interpreted as resulting from the fact that the specialized cells in the chorionic epithelium which are considered to be involved in mineral resorption from the shell differentiate between the 11th and 13th days. Although no bone changes were observed in embryos injected before the 11th day, a rim of unmineralized trabeculae (osteoid) was observed at the periphery of the cortex of the tibial diaphysis in the embryos which had been injected after that age. Thus, in embryos injected on the 11th day with 100 ng 1,25(OH)2D3, the trabeculae formed between the 11th and 14th day remained unmineralized until the 15th or 16th day at which time they completed their mineralization. In the embryos injected on the 14th day, the alterations were more severe and could be produced with doses 10 times smaller than those required when the injections were made on the 11th day. At all ages, the doses that produced an osteoid rim also induced hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia. The electron microscopical study of the osteoid trabeculae showed that osteoblasts and osteocytes had normal cytological characteristics and that the bone matrix did not present changes other than the reduction in mineral deposition. While the above findings do not exclude a direct action of 1,25(OH)2D3 on bone cells as the mechanism of osteoid formation, they do underline the importance of the humoral changes at least as partial determinants of this phenomenon. The activities of various vitamin D metabolites were compared using as parameter the threshold-dose required to produce a rim of unmineralized trabeculae in the tibia of 14–15 days embryos (T-D). The most active metabolite appeared to be 1,25(OH)2D3 (T-D: 10 ng); it was followed by 1,24,25(OH)3D3 (T-D: 100 ng) and 1,25,26(OH)3D3 (T-D: 100 ng). Vitamin D3 itself (T-D: 100 µg), 25(OH)D3 (T-D: 2.5µg) and 24,25(OH)2D3 (T-D: 5 µg) produced similar responses but only when administered in much larger doses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405351
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Kroc Foundation Conference on Functional Adaptation in Bone Tissue (1984)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 36 (1984), S. S1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Functional adaptation ; Bone ; Conference
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this contribution is to serve as an introduction to the papers presented at the Kroc Foundation Conference on Functional Adaptation in Bone Tissue, to outline the objective of the conference, and to summarize the discussion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406126
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dependence of rate of physical erosion on orientation and density in mineralised tissues (1984)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 170 (1984), S. 57-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Airpolishing ; Orientation effects ; Enamel ; Dentine ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bone, dentine and enamel samples were treated with a gas-propelled jet of an abrasive, NaHCO3, which is physically much softer than any of these tissues in their fully mineralised condition. It was nevertheless found that they are all eroded by this treatment, which can therefore be used as a new kind of qualitative test of physical properties relating to wear resistance. General correlations were found between both degree of mineralisation and between structure orientation and erosion rate, surface-parallel-feature zones being worn more rapidly. Bone domains with surface-parallel collagen were eroded faster than those with perpendicular lamellae even if they were more densely mineralised. Rates of dentine wear depended on both density and tubule orientation, with peritubular zones and better mineralised incremental layers being more resistant. Enamel tufts wear more rapidly than the surrounding well mineralised regions. Enamel diazones wear less than parazones (areas with surface parallel prisms). At the prism scale, enamel is removed more rapidly near prism boundary discontinuities and in tubular enamel, at tubule walls. As regards the common orientation dependent effects seen in these three tissues, a cohesive explanation would be that structure discontinuities can be better exploited in a wear process if they allow cleavage from the surface; which tendency will increase with parallelism to the surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319458
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    What should bones be designed to do? (1984)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 36 (1984), S. S7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Mechanical function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The variety of different mechanical functions required of whole bones is discussed. Often, the design optimizing the structure for one function is not optimal for another function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406127
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  • 25
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    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical loading histories and cortical bone remodeling (1984)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 36 (1984), S. S19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Remodeling ; Microdamage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary A conceptual framework is presented for understanding and investigating structural adaptation of cortical bone. The magnitudes, orientations, and sense (tension or compression) of the physiologically incurred cyclic principal strains vary markedly throughout the skeleton. It is probable, therefore, that the strain/remodeling response of bone is site specific. Furthermore, there is some indication that immature bone is more responsive to alterations of cyclic strains than mature bone. Animal experimental studies and complementary stress and strain analyses suggest that the structural adaptation due to changes in cyclic strain fields may be a very nonlinear response. Bone loss in mature animals due to immobilization is sensitive to even small changes in the cyclic bone strains. Under normal conditions, however, there appears to be a broad range of physical activity in which bone is relatively unresponsive to changes in loading history. With severe repeated loading, bone hypertrophy can be pronounced. These observations open the possibility that bone atrophy and hypertrophy are controlled by different mechanisms. Therefore, two (or more) complementary control systems may be involved in the regulation of bone mass by bone cyclic strain histories. It is probable that bone mechanical microdamage is one control stimulus for affecting an increase in bone mass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406129
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Can strains give adequate information for adaptive bone remodeling? (1984)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 36 (1984), S. S118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Strain ; Remodeling ; Adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary For bone to remodel adaptively, the cells responsible should follow some algorithm. Nine different loading situations and structures are discussed. It seems that either algorithm must be extremely complex, or cells in different structures must follow different algorithms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406144
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of aluminum and parathyroid hormone on osteoblasts and bone mineralization in chronic renal failure (1984)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 36 (1984), S. 133-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Aluminum ; Parathyroid hormone ; Bone ; Renal failure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Bone aluminum, quantitative bone histology, and plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) were compared in 29 patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Histologic techniques included double tetracycline labeling and histochemical identification of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Bone aluminum was measured chemically by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and histochemically. When measured chemically, the bone aluminum was 67±46 (SD) mg/kg dry weight (normal 2.4±1.2 mg/kg); histochemically, aluminum was present at 2.9±4.4% of trabecular surface. The biochemical and histochemical results agreed well (r=0.80,P〈0.001). No double tetracycline labels were seen at the mineralization front where aluminum was deposited, indicating cessation of mineralization at these sites. The osteoblast surface correlated positively with plasma PTH (r=0.67,P〈0.001) and negatively with bone aluminum level (r=−0.42,P〈0.05). Multiple linear regression showed a correlation of aluminum with osteoblasts additional to that of PTH, consistent with a direct effect of aluminum in depressing osteoblast numbers. Though a relationship between PTH and chemically determined bone aluminum level could not be demonstrated, there was a negative correlation between osteoclast count and aluminum, and the nine patients with severe hyperparathyroid bone disease had lower chemically determined aluminum levels than the other patients. These results suggest that aluminum (a) directly inhibits mineralization, (b) is associated with decreased PTH activity and hence osteoblast numbers, and (c) directly reduces osteoblast numbers. In addition to inducing severe, resistant osteomalacia, aluminum appears to contribute to the mild osteomalacia commonly seen in renal failure, characterized by extensive thin osteoid and low tetracycline and osteoblast surfaces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405308
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Porous polyethylene and proplast: Their behavior in a bony implant bed (1984)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 240 (1984), S. 115-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: PHDPE ; Proplast ; Bone ; Animal experiment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A comparative animal study showed that, after implantation in skull defects in guinea pigs, porous high-density polyethylene (PHDPE) was substantially better anchored in the bone than Proplast, and had greater stability of form and structure. In Proplast, ingrowth of fibrous tissue caused partial structural dilatation and fragmentation, which could limit its suitability for use in reconstructive surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00453468
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Breast neoplasms containing bone and cartilage (1983)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 400 (1983), S. 287-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Breast neoplasms ; Cartilage ; Bone ; Mesenchymoma ; Pleomorphic adenoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A total of 307 breast neoplasms and tumour-like conditions were reviewed to assess the frequency with which bone and/or cartilage occurred. Of 90 fibroadenomas, 1 (1.1%) and 2 of 158 breast carcinomas (1.3%) contained bone, one benign mesenchymoma contained cartilage, and one benign “mixed” tumour (pleomorphic adenoma) displayed cartilage and bone. Twenty-two papillomas and 34 cases of gynaecomastia did not contain any cartilage or bone. This study confirms the impression that the occurrence of bone or cartilage in human breast neoplasms is rare. These lesions are briefly discussed with reference to the pertinent literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00612190
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone treated by resection and prosthesis: A case report (1983)
    Springer
    International orthopaedics 7 (1983), S. 105-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5195
    Keywords: Malignant fibrous histiocytoma ; Bone ; Prosthesis ; Resection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Chez une malade de 50 ans un histiocytome osseux fibreux malin, localisé à la métaphyse distale du fémur droit, a été reconnu par l'histologie et confirmé par la microscopie électronique. Elle a été traitée par résection «en bloc» et mise en place d'une prothèse de polyméthylacrylate faite sur mesure et comportant une articulation du genou type Waldius. La malade a été revue deux ans après, sans récidive.
    Notes: Summary This is a case report of a fifty-year old female patient with malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone well localised in the distal metaphysis of the right femur. It was treated by ‘en bloc’ resection and replacement with a purpose-made polymethylmethacrylate prosthesis and a Waldius-type knee replacement. The diagnosis was confirmed by electron microscopy. The patient had good function of the limb and was symptom free two years later.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266459
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional measurement of bone calcium accretion rate and exchangeable pool with a whole-body counter: Method and studies in subjects without bone disease (1983)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 35 (1983), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Calcium metabolism ; Whole-body counting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary A whole-body counter was used to measure the retention and distribution of radioactivity along the longitudinal axis of the body during 10 days after the intravenous injection of 50 µCi of47Ca. These data and the simultaneous measurements of the serum specific activity allowed us to calculate, by the Bauer-Carlsson-Lindquist (BCL) formulas generalized by Marshall, the calcium accretion rate and exchangeable pool in 7 areas: skull, thorax, pelvis, thighs, knees, legs, and ankles and feet. For the whole body, the accretion rate was 336±115 mg/24 h, and the exchangeable pool 5668±1221 mg, in 26 subjects without bone disease. Both parameters were significantly correlated with body height; the exchangeable pool was significantly higher in men than in women. The accretion rate and exchangeable pool expressed on a basis of bone content varied widely from one area to another, reflecting the ratio of spongy to compact bone: the thorax, pelvis, and arms, which contain 49% of the skeletal mass, accounted for 57% of the total accretion rate and 53% of the exchangeable pool; the skull, 18% of the skeletal mass, accounted for 14% of the accretion and 11% of the pool.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405001
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutral peptidase activities in matrix vesicles from bovine fetal alveolar bone and dog osteosarcoma (1983)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 35 (1983), S. 791-797 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Osteosarcoma ; Matrix vesicles ; Alkaline phosphatase ; Aminopeptidase ; Naphthylamidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Extracellular matrix vesicles from bovine fetal alveolar bone and from a dog osteosarcoma were isolated by differential centrifugation and then fractionated on a discontinuous sucrose density gradient. The fractions were examined by electron microscopy and were analyzed for protein, alkaline phosphatase, aminotripeptidase, and four different β-naphthylamidase activities. The low-density peak of enzyme activities was shown by electron microscopy to be much more homogeneous than the crude matrix vesicle fraction. Two major peaks of protein and enzyme activities were present, one in the high and one in the low density layers. There was good correlation between the activities of alkaline phosphatase and the various peptidases in the fractions from the sucrose density gradient. These results indicate a coexistence of peptidase and alkaline phosphatase in matrix vesicles. On the other hand, there was generally no correlation between the peptidase and alkaline phosphatase activities in vesicular specimens from bovine liver obtained in the same way. Most of the peptidase activity and about half of the alkaline phosphatase activity were solubilized from bone matrix vesicles by detergents. The extracted alkaline phosphatase and alanyl β-naphthylamidase activities were separated from each other on a DEAE-cellulose column.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405125
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Errors in measuring trabecular bone by computed tomography due to marrow and bone composition (1983)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 35 (1983), S. 148-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Computed tomography ; Densitometry ; Osteoporosis ; Osteomalacia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The linear attenuation coefficient (μ in cm1) of trabecular bone was modeled for different conditions of bone and marrow composition in order to assess their influence on computed tomography (CT) quantitation. A large relative change (10% of TBV at 15% TBV) of bone concentration resulted in small changes of μ: 2.3% at 60 keV, 3.4% at 44 keV, 5.2% at 29 keV. Relative changes of trabecular bone volume (TBV) on the order of 3% could be detectedin vivo by CT were it not for errors of relocation and for compositional influences on accuracy. The μ (and density) depended critically not only on amounts of bone substance and marrow but on their compositions. Normal variation in the composition of bone substance produced an uncertainty in μ equivalent to 0.5 to 1% TBV. Increases of yellow marrow produced a decrease of μ which could be mistaken for a decrease of bone concentration. The biological variation (90% confidence limit) of marrow composition gives an uncertainty at 15% TBV of about 2.4% TBV at 60 keV, 1.7% at 44 keV, and 1.3% at 29 keV. These correspond to relative uncertainities of 16, 11, and 9% respectively. These factors help explain the large accuracy errors (30%) observed in all studies of trabecular bone where single-energy CT was used. Marrow composition also can affect precision of bone measurement. Systematic shifts of red and yellow marrow could mask biological changes such as those occurring with aging or treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405022
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  • 34
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    Electronic Resource
    Autoradiographic localization of target cells for 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in bones from fetal rats (1983)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 35 (1983), S. 177-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Vitamin D ; Bone ; Osteoblasts ; Receptors ; 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Thaw-mount autoradiographic studies after injection of3H-1,25-D3 were conducted on 18-and 20-day-old rat fetuses. In maxillary bones, ribs, and tibia, nuclear concentration of radioactivity was found in osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts. Osteocytes and chondrocytes in epiphyseal plates were either unlabeled or weakly labeled. In competition experiments, nuclear concentration of radioactivity was blocked by the injection of a high dose of nonradioactive 1,25-D3 prior to the administration of the labeled hormone, but not by a similar dose of nonradioactive 25-D3. The results are interpreted as indicating that osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts are target cells for the direct action of 1,25-D3 on fetal bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405028
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  • 35
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    Electronic Resource
    X-ray diffraction studies of the crystallinity of bone mineral in newly synthesized and density fractionated bone (1983)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 35 (1983), S. 202-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Mineral ; Crystallinity ; Maturation ; Age
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The crystallinity of bone mineral at different stages of maturation has been measured by quantitative X-ray diffraction methods. Crystallinity measurements were made on tibial middiaphyses from 17-day embryonic chicks, newlyformed periosteal bone from embryonic chicks, and density-fractionated bone from post-hatch chickens from 5 weeks to 2 years of age. For a given animal age and degree of mineralization, crystallinity increases with animal age, indicating that changes in bone mineral occur even after mineralization is complete or nearly complete.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405032
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  • 36
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    Studies on the role of vitamin D in early skeletal development, mineralization, and growth in rats (1983)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 35 (1983), S. 455-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Vitamin D ; Vitamin D deficiency ; Bone ; Cartilage ; Bone development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The role of vitamin D in early skeletal development was studied by measuring serum calcium and phosphorus, osseous tissue quantity and mineralization, and endochondral bone elongation in rat fetuses and pups from vitamin D-replete and vitamin D-deficient mothers. At the 20th day of pregnancy there was a slight, yet significant, increase in the amount of osteoid on trabecular bone surfaces in fetuses from vitamin D-deficient mothers. The fetal bones otherwise appeared normal in spite of severe skeletal changes in the vitamin D-deficient mothers. After parturition, the importance of vitamin D in skeletal development becomes progressively more obvious. Serum calcium levels were slightly, yet significantly, lower in vitamin D-deficient than in vitamin D-replete pups and these levels continued to fall in the vitamin D-deficient pups through lactation and after weaning. At 3 days postpartum, there was a small, yet significant, increase in the amount of osteoid on bone surfaces of the vitamin D-deficient pups. The relative amounts of osteoid in the vitamin D-deficient pups continued to increase through lactation and after weaning when compared with vitamin D-replete pups. By the 14th day of lactation and at later periods, there were significant reductions in metaphyseal mineralized tissues in the vitamin D-deficient pups when compared with the vitamin D-replete pups. At weaning and after weaning, there were substantial increases in growth plate thickness and decreases in longitudinal bone growth in the vitamin D-deficient pups when compared with the vitamin D-replete pups. The results from this study indicate that vitamin D does not appear to play a major role in fetal skeletal development. However, after birth, vitamin D becomes progressively more important with age for normal bone development, mineralization, and endochondral growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405076
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  • 37
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    Electronic Resource
    A correlation analysis between bone formation rate and bioelectric potentials in rabbit tibia (1983)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 35 (1983), S. 728-731 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Bioelectricity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The origin of the bioelectric potentials in unstressed living bones is still an open question. Blood-flow in vessels, stationary potentials on peripheral nerves, muscle injury potentials, and viability of bone cells are claimed to be possible sites of origin of the electric potentials recorded on bone surface. The present data show that the topographic quantitative distribution of tetracycline labeling at sequential levels of rabbit tibia and the distribution pattern of the bioelectric potentials in this bone are significantly superimposable. This coincidence of bone formation rates and bioelectric potentials seems to support the view that the latter are in some way linked with the laying down of new bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405114
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    Apposition and resorption of bone during oral treatment with (3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene)-1,1-bisphosphonate (APD) (1983)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 35 (1983), S. 357-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: ADP ; Bisphosphonate ; Bone ; Resorption ; Formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The effects of 1.5–2 years oral administration of disodium (3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene)-1,1-bisphosphonate (APD) on bone metabolism were studied in male and female rats. APD was mixed in the food at levels of 500, 2,000 and 10,000 ppm. A dose-dependent increase in metaphyseal bone was found, indicative of continued inhibition of bone and cartilage resorption. APD did not affect mineralization of bone and cartilage, primary bone formation, or periosteal apposition. A short-term metabolic balance study was performed to compare the effects of oral with subcutaneous APD. Absorption of APD was in the order of 0.2%. Oral APD increased absorption of phosphate, probably by complexation of calcium with APD. The excess absorbed phosphate increased phosphaturia and decreased urinary calcium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405058
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  • 39
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    Electronic Resource
    Identification of a bone matrix-derived chemotactic factor (1983)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 35 (1983), S. 481-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Chemotaxis ; Bone ; Osteoblasts ; Bone proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary When demineralized bone matrix powder is implanted subcutaneously in the rat, the early responses involve the appearance and proliferation of mesenchymal cells at the site of implantation, followed by cartilage and bone formation. The ability of cells to migrate to the implant suggests that chemotaxis may be a critical event in this process. Therefore, using the modified Boyden chamber assay, we tested extracts of demineralized bone matrix for chemotactic activity. We have identified and partially purified, on molecular sieve chromatography, a heat labile and trypsin-sensitive protein (Mr=60,000–70,000) that is a potent chemoattractant for mouse calvaria, osteoblast-like cells (MMB-1), but not for monocytes (putative osteoclast precursors). These findings suggest that chemotactic protein(s) have a significant role in the recruitment of osteoprogenitor cells to a site of bone repair.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405081
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  • 40
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    Electronic Resource
    Parathyroid hormone stimulates dentin and bone apposition in the thyroparathyroidectomized rat in a dose-dependent fashion (1983)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 35 (1983), S. 586-590 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Dentin ; Bone ; Apposition rate ; Parathyroid hormone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The dose-dependency of the effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bone and dentin apposition after both intermittent and continuous administration of the hormone was investigated. The purpose was to compare the sensitivity of these two mineralizing tissues to parathyroid hormone and to provide additional information regarding the direct effect of PTH on mineralized tissue formation. Adult rats were thyroparathyroidectomized and 5 groups of 4 or 5 rats each were given daily subcutaneous injections with different doses of bovine parathyroid hormone. Five more groups of 4 rats each were administered equivalent dosages by means of a continuous infusion pump implanted subcutaneously. An additional group of 4 rats served as controls. All animals were labeled with tetracycline injected on days 7, 9, and 11. The animals were killed on day 12 and blood samples were collected for serum calcium determination. The lower metaphysis of the femur and the left and right mandibles were dissected out, and undecalcified sections of plastic-embedded tissues were prepared. The distances between the three tetracycline bands were measured to determine the amount of bone or dentin formation. Results indicated that both dentin and bone apposition increased with higher dosages of hormone. No overall effect of the method of administration was evident. For both methods, bone apposition showed a more pronounced increase over the control levels than dentin apposition. This suggests that, although both osteoblasts and odontoblasts appear to respond directly to PTH, differences do exist in the magnitude and dose-dependency of the response. No causal relationship was found between increases in serum calcium levels and either bone or dentin apposition at the lower dose levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405098
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  • 41
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    Cyclical uptake pattern of tetracycline in post-secretory maturation phase enamel demonstrated in rooted teeth (1983)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 35 (1983), S. 762-766 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Enamel ; Maturation cycles ; Tetracycline ; Dentine ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Uptake of tetracycline by enamel in the short-term was studied at an advanced stage of crown formation and after completion of crown formation in deciduous molars in the cat. Both secretory phase enamel and bands of postsecretory, maturation phase enamel labeled rapidly. The pattern of labeling mimicked that seen in the continuously growing, rootless incisor teeth of the rat, with narrow doublets fusing to form narrow bands with wide unlabeled intervals in the short term. This is a physiological demonstration which indicates that cyclical activity and changes may occurin vivo during the maturation phase of amelogenesis in rooted teeth. It is also noted that dentine did not, and that some circumscribed patches of bone did label in the same animals in the same time interval. Short-term tetracycline labels are lost following conventional histological processing, but are retained after freeze-drying or air-drying.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405120
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  • 42
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    The mechanical and stress adaptive properties of bone (1983)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 11 (1983), S. 263-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Bone ; Mechanical bone properties ; Functional adaptation of bone tissue ; Mathematical models of Hooke's law
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The properties of bone tissue as a material and bones as the structural elements of the skeleton are reviewed and summarized. The first half of this work describes bone tissue microstructure, the stress-strain relations, and the strength and fracture of bone. The second and slightly larger half concerns the adaptation of living bone tissue to its load environment. Some observations and experiments of bone remodeling due to applied stress are described and continuum models for this process are formulated. An example of bone remodeling leading to shape changes in the bone is described as well as an example of bone remodeling leading to changes in the bulk density of the bone tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02363288
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  • 43
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    Light-weight battery-operable orthopaedic stimulator for the treatment of long-bone nonunions using pulsed magnetic fields (1983)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 21 (1983), S. 509-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Bone ; Bone growth ; Magnetic fields ; Orthopaedics ; Pulsed magnetic field therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02442641
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  • 44
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    Electronic Resource
    Bone morphology of weanling rats from dams subjected to fluoride (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 689-691 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Fluoride ; Progeny ; Bone ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Femurs of weanling rats from third-pregnancy litters of dams given 150 ppm fluoride in the drinking water were examined by light- and scanning-electron microscopy. Under the conditions of the experimental procedure, no pathological changes were seen in the femurs as a result of maternal ingestion of fluoride. These results indicate that the amount of fluoride crossing the placenta and mammary gland was insufficient to produce significant morphological changes in the bones of 3-week-old rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212235
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  • 45
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    Electronic Resource
    Aerobic glycolysis of bone and cartilage: The possible involvement of fatty acid oxidation (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 1 (1983), S. 168-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Bone ; aerobic glycolysis ; fatty acid oxidation ; cartilage ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The apparent paradox of aerobic glycolysis has been investigated in bone and in cartilage. A new cytochemical procedure for hydroxyacyl dehydrogenase (HOAD) activity showed that the maximal activity of this enzyme in both tissues was equivalent to the maximal activity of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPD). The sum of these activities gave a measure of the maximum amount of acetyl-coenzyme A that could be produced. In these tissues, but not in liver which does not exhibit aerobic glycolysis, this summed value exceeded the maximal activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). Consequently, it suggested that where fatty acid oxidation is sufficient to supply all the acetyl-coenzyme A required for the Krebs' cycle, that derived from fatty acid oxidation may inhibit pyruvate dehydrogenase causing accumulation of pyruvate which must be converted to lactate if pentose-shunt activity is to be maintained.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbf.290010309
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  • 46
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    Electronic Resource
    Radiological study of two disseminated malignant non-Hodgkin lymphomas affecting only the bones in children (1982)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 9 (1982), S. 83-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Lymphosarcoma ; Bone ; Children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Malignant non-Hodgkin lymphomas are a neoplastic proliferation of lymphoid cells whose clinical manifestations are extremely variable. All tissues can be affected. There may be localization in lymphoid organs (Waldeyer's ring, spleen, digestive tract), other localizations (lungs, pleura, liver, bone marrow, central nervous system), and unusual localizations. Although bone marrow is often affected, bone involvement is very rare in the early stages of the disease. This report concerns the radiological study of two disseminated malignant non-Hodgkin lymphomas affecting only the bone in children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00360488
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  • 47
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    Les bioverres et le tissu osseux: Etude expérimentale (1982)
    Springer
    International orthopaedics 6 (1982), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5195
    Keywords: Bone ; Biomaterials ; Bioglass ; Osteogenesis ; Implant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Pour étudier la tolérance et l'adaptation de l'os aux bioverres, nous avons réalisé chez l'animal des implantations de verres de différentes compositions chimiques. Des lamelles ont été placées entre les deux tables de la voûte crânienne de 32 lapins et des bâtonnets introduits dans le canal médullaire de 6 chiens et laissés en place de 6 à 18 mois. Des études radiographiques à haute définition ont été complétées par l'analyse histologique conventionnelle. Certains verres se comportent comme des matériaux totalement inertes, d'autres sont biodégradables et d'autres enfin ont déterminé une adaptation osseuse très satisfaisante. Cette dernière dépend en grande partie de la position de l'implant par rapport aux structures osseuses voisines. L'ostéogénèse induite ne semble pas suivre la séquence classique: tissu conjonctif, cartilage, os néoformé. Les bioverres s'adaptent mieux aux tissus osseux que les biomatériaux habituellement utilisés, ce qui permet d'envisager leur application en chirurgie réparatrice.
    Notes: Summary The tolerance and response of bone to bioglass have been studied using implants of various chemical constitution in animals. Glass discs were inserted between the inner and outer tables of the skull in 32 rabbits and small glass stick were implanted in the medullary cavity of long bones in 6 dogs. The results were analysed between 6 and 18 months later. High resolution radiographs and histopathological examination were performed. Some glass behaves like an inert material but other specimens are biodegradable and induce a satisfactory bone response in adjacent bone. Any new bone formation does not follow the classical stages of connective tissue, cartilage and woven bone. Bioglass is more suitable for bone than many other materials now in use and further applications in orthopaedic surgery may be considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00267809
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  • 48
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    The role of adrenergic mechanisms in thermoregulatory control of blood flow through capillaries and arteriovenous anastomoses in the sheep hind limb (1982)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 395 (1982), S. 93-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Thermoregulation ; Microspheres ; Arteriovenous anastomoses ; Adrenoceptor agonists/antagonists ; Blood flow partition ; Skin ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The possible role of adrenergic mechanisms in thermoregulatory changes in the partition of femoral blood flow between nutrient (capillary) and non-nutrient (arteriovenous anastomoses, AVA) circuits in the hind limb of conscious sheep has been investigated employing radioactive microsphere and electromagnetic blood flow measurement techniques. Constriction of AVAs, normally induced by spinal cooling, could be inhibited by phentolamine, whereas dilatation of AVAs, noramally induced by spinal heating, could be inhibited by noradrenaline or methoxamine. AVA constriction could be induced by noradrenaline or methoxamine, or dialation by phentolamine. Isoprenaline had a small dilator and propranolol a small constrictor effect on AVAs. It is concluded that adrenergic pathways involving predominantly α-receptors play a role in thermoregulatory changes in skin blood flow (through AVAs) elicited by manipulation of CNS temperature; under these conditions, β-receptors do not play any role, although manipulation of their activity will influence AVAs under non-thermoregulatory conditions. Capillary blood flows in skin, bone and fat were sensitive, at different ambient temperatures and to varying degrees, to some α-and β-adrenergic agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00584720
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  • 49
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    Effect of X-ray irradiation on primary mineralization in rat alveolar bone (1982)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 398 (1982), S. 11-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Bone ; Irradiation ; Matrix-vesicles ; Osteoblast ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of X-ray irradiation on the process of primary mineralization in bone was studied by biochemical and ultrastructural methods. A single dose of 1500R was administered to the head region of rats. The animals were examined immediately after irradiation and 1, 2 and 3 weeks later. Fractions of isolated cells and extracellular matrix vesicles were prepared from the maxillary alveolar bone of irradiated and untreated rats by collagenase digestion and differential centrifugation. The protein content and activities of vesicular phosphatases were determined in both fractions. A continuous decrease in the activity of alkaline phosphatase could be observed in both cell and matrix vesicle fractions during a three-week follow up after irradiation. Acid phosphatase activity decreased only in the vesicle fraction. Transmission electron microscopy of irradiated bone tissue revealed that many matrix vesicles were devoid of intact membranes and apatite crystals. Calcifying nodules were abundant in the matrix without their apparent fusion into larger mineralized structures. It is suggested that irradiation interferes with enzymatic processes associated with primary mineralization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00585609
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  • 50
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    Effects of vitamin D metabolites and analogs on bone collagen synthesis in vitro (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 103-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Collagen ; Vitamin D metabolites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The effects of selected vitamin D3 metabolites and analogs on bone collagen synthesis in vitro were examined in organ cultures of neonatal mouse calvarial bone. The incorporation of [3H]proline into the collagenase-digestible fraction of newly synthesized protein was progressively inhibited by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25-(OH)2D3) (10−12 M to 10−7 M) in 24-h cultures, and incorporation into noncollagen protein was also blunted at the higher doses employed. The synthetic analog 1α-hydroxyvitamin D3 (1α-OHD3) was almost 300-fold less potent an inhibitor of collagen synthesis than was 1α,25(OH)2D3, and the natural metabolites 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) and 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24R,25(OH)2D3), 1000-fold less potent, although the dose-response curve for each of these compounds was not parallel with that for 1α,25(OH)2D3. The 24S,25(OH)2D3 enantiomer was four-fold less potent than 24R,25-(OH)2D3 or 25OHD3, and vitamin D3 showed less than 2% the activity of 25OHD3. The responses were unaffected by the substitution of 0.4% bovine albumin for 5% horse serum in the medium, and no stimulation of collagen synthesis was observed in response to 25-hydroxylated metabolites between 2×10−14 and 2×10−6 M or in cultures treated for up to 96 h with 24R,25(OH)2D3 (2×10−10M). The overall results emphasize the similarity of the structural requirements for the inhibition of matrix synthesis and the stimulation of resorption by active vitamin D metabolites in bone. In addition, these studies support the importance of the 1-hydroxyl function to the biologic activity of vitamin D in the skeleton.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411216
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  • 51
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    Plasma proteins in human cortical bone: Enrichment ofα 2 HS-glycoprotein,α 1 acid-glycoprotein, and IgE (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 229-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Plasma proteins ; IgE ; IgD ; α 1Acid-glycoprotein ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Human cortical bones were extracted with EDTA, and the residue after EDTA extraction was digested with bacterial collagenase. Ten plasma proteins were identified and quantitated in the EDTA extracts. Three of them—IgE, IgD, andα 1acid-glycoprotein—had not previously been described in bone or dentine. Five plasma proteins identified in collagenase digests are albumin, IgG, IgA, IgE, andα 1acid-glycoprotein. IgE,α 1acid-glycoprotein, andα 2HS-glycoprotein were found to be concentrated in the bone more than other plasma proteins by factors between 11 and 525. The identification of plasma proteins was facilitated by the addition of polyethylene glycol in agarose gel. The presence of plasma proteins both in EDTA extracts and in collagenase digests suggests their structural role in bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411242
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  • 52
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    Effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on osteopenia induced by prednisolone in adult rats (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 253-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Prednisolone ; Calcium ; Bone ; Corticoid osteopenia ; Vitamin D metabolites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Adult male rats were fed a diet containing 0.15% calcium, 0.3% phosphorus, and either 100, 50, or 20 mg of prednisolone per kg of diet. All these levels of prednisolone led to osteopenia, decreased intestinal absorption of calcium, slightly lower serum calcium and phosphorus, and a decreased level of serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Exogenous parenteral 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 corrected steroid-induced changes in serum calcium and phosphorus, but could not completely correct the low intestinal calcium transport; nor did it prevent the development of osteopenia. The prednisolone-induced osteopenia seems at least in part to be caused by impaired intestinal calcium transport. The impaired calcium transport may be the result of low levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and a direct effect of presnisolone on the intestine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411246
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  • 53
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    Role of vitamin D in maternal skeletal changes during pregnancy and lactation: A histomorphometric study (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 245-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Vitamin D ; Vitamin D deficiency ; Bone ; Pregnancy ; Lactation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The effect of vitamin D on bone changes during the reproductive cycle in female rats has been investigated. One group of female rats was maintained on a vitamin D-deficient diet and another group on a vitamin D-replete diet from weaning. Both groups were mated with normal males and changes in their bones were determined histomorphometrically during pregnancy, lactation, and after weaning. All vitamin D-deficient rats had bone changes typical of rickets. Pregnancy caused significant reductions in mineralized tissue of trabecular and cortical bone in the vitamin D-deficient rats. Lactation caused further significant reductions in mineralized tissues of cortical and trabecular bone in both the vitamin D-deficient and vitamin D-replete animals, with the greatest changes seen at weaning. Some restoration of mineralized tissues occurred following weaning. There was an increase in tetracycline-labeled bone surface in the vitamin D-replete animals during lactation, likely due to an increase in bone formation rates. In the vitamin D-deficient animals during lactation, there was a decrease in tetracyclinelabeled bone surface, likely due to severely depressed bone mineralization. These results indicate that the mobilization of calcium from bone to maintain pregnancy and lactation occurs by a mechanism independent of vitamin D.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411245
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  • 54
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    Occurrence of actin-like protein in extracellular matrix vesicles (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 376-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Matrix vesicles ; Bone ; Actin ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Preliminary indications of the occurrence of actin and myosin in crude matrix vesicle preparations have been reported previously. In the present study extracellular matrix vesicles from rat alveolar bone were isolated. They were further purified by a sucrose density gradient. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified vesicles revealed the presence of a polypeptide with a molecular weight of 43 K daltons and with electrophoretic mobility identical to that of blood platelet actin. The limited proteolysis of both 43 K dalton vesicular polypeptide and actin byStaphylococcus aureus-V8-protease revealed three fragments with identical electrophoretic mobility. In addition, the vesicular preparations inhibited the activity of DNase I, a property typical of actin monomers. Filamentous material extracted from matrix vesicles showed ultrastructural features of F-actin. Reaction of this material with heavy meromyosin resulted in arrowhead formation, which is characteristic of acto-heavy meromyosin. The occurrence of actin in extracellular matrix vesicles may account for their budding from the osteoblastic plasma membrane, their possible motility in the matrix, and maintenance of the spherical shape.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411271
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  • 55
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    Serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels in subjects with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets and osteomalacia (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 125-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: X-Linked hypophosphatemic rickets ; Osteomalacia ; 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary In order to determine whether a defect in vitamin D metabolism might play a role in the pathogenesis of X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets and osteomalacia (XLH), we compared the serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] level in 52 normal subjects and 37 patients with XLH. In untreated patients, adults were found to have values similar to age-matched controls, while youths had values similar to growth-rate-matched controls but significantly lower than the levels of age-matched controls who were growing at a normal rate. In contrast, treated XLH patients of all ages had serum levels significantly lower than both controls and untreated XLH patients. Further, the serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D in these treated patients had a significant inverse linear correlation with serum 25-(OH)D concentrations. We propose that subjects with XLH have serum 1,25(OH)2D levels within appropriate age- and growth-rate-matched normal ranges. However, in the presence of hypophosphatemia, we would have anticipated elevated levels of 1,25(OH)2D; viewed in this light the serum 1,25(OH)2D levels are inadequate, suggesting the presence of a relative deficiency of this active vitamin D metabolite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411222
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  • 56
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    Blood:Bone disequilibrium. V. Effects of a diphosphonate (EHDP) on phosphate fluxes in rat calvaria (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 145-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Diphosphonate ; Phosphate fluxes ; Solubility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Calvaria taken from rats (normal or thyroparathyroidectomized) given a diphosphonate (EHDP 10 mg/kg daily for 7 days) were placed in special Ussing chambers for the measurement of phosphate fluxes to and from bone. When compared with appropriate controls, the experimental calvaria showed a marked decrease in influx, K, a significant increase in the projected equilibrium concentration, E/K, where E is the efflux and a significnant increase in the calcium concentration in the medium. It is concluded that this large increase in passive “solubility” is caused by the diphosphonate's ability to stabilize the small amount of regulator phase (brushite or brushite-apatite mixture) present in bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411225
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  • 57
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    Activation of serum complement inhibits collagen synthesis in fetal rat bone in organ culture (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 370-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Complement ; Bone ; Collagen ; Prostaglandins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Activation of rabbit serum complement caused a marked reduction in collagen synthesis but a much smaller change in noncollagen protein synthesis in fetal rat calvaria maintained in organ culture. In the periosteum of the fetal rat calvarium, both collagen and noncollagen protein synthesis were reduced, whereas in the central bone, presumably enriched in osteoblasts, only collagen synthesis was inhibited. This large decrease in bone collagen synthesis could not be attributed to enhanced degradation of newly synthesized collagen or its release into the culture medium. Activation of complement also stimulated the production of PGE in fetal rat calvaria. Antagonists of prostaglandin cyclooxygenase decreased prostaglandin synthesis but did not restore collagen synthesis in complement-treated bones, suggesting that complement decreases osteoblast collagen synthesis by a mechanism largely independent of prostaglandin production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411270
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    Abnormal skeletal response to parathyroid hormone in dogs with chronic uremia (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 403-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Cyclic AMP ; Parathyroid hormone ; Bone ; Chronic uremia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The release of cyclic AMP from bone in response to stimulation with PTH 1–34 was examined in 20 dogs with long-term chronic renal failure (CRF) produced by unilateral nephrectomy and contralateral partial renal artery ligation. After 9 to 15 months of uremia, the tibiae were removed and perfused in vitro. Seven dogs with CRF served as controls, 7 dogs with CRF were treated with 24,25(OH)2D3 — 2.5 µg per day, and 6 CRF dogs underwent thyroparathyroidectomy (TPTX) 42 h before they were sacrificed. The release of cyclic AMP from bone in response to PTH 1–34 in the CRF dogs was severely reduced compared to the response observed in 7 dogs with normal renal function (net accumulation of cyclic AMP release 86±8.5 versus 426±59.0 pmol/30 min). Long-term treatment of uremic dogs with 24,25(OH)2D3 had no effect on the release of cyclic AMP by bone. However, the release of cyclic AMP was restored to normal levels in the CRF dogs that underwent thyroparathyroidectomy. All CRF dogs had secondary hyperparathyroidism and the fact that TPTX returned the cyclic AMP response to normal values suggests that desensitization to PTH of the adenylate cyclase system of bone exists in chronic uremia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411275
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    A new semiautomatic method for quantitative static and dynamic bone histology (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 439-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Histomorphometry ; Osteocytes ; Bone dynamics ; Histology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary A new semiautomatic technique combining advantages of the manual and fully automatic methods is described for obtaining quantitative static and dynamic histologic data of bone. The hardware consists of a photomicroscope, digitizing platen, digitizer, plotter/printer, floppy disc drive, and computer. The microscope is equipped with a drawing tube through which the image of the digitizing platen is projected over the optical field. The investigator selects and traces all histologic structures to be measured by moving a cursor on the digitizing platen which is visible by its projection over the histologic field. The results on accuracy and static and dynamic precision of this method show that static and dynamic parameters of bone are obtained with a degree of error (〈20%) well within the acceptable range for biologic measurements. Comparison of this method with the grid technique according to Merz and Schenck showed that for almost all micromorphometric parameters comparable absolute data are obtained. Due to the higher precision of our method, however, the number of optical fields evaluated in obtaining these comparable data could be reduced to 25% of the number of fields evaluated by the Merz and Schenck technique. The time requirements for quantitative evaluation of a histologic slide of bone by our technique are 40–50 min; 20–25 min is needed for quantitative evaluation of osteocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411282
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    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative bone histology in 84 normal American subjects (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 449-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Histomorphometry ; Normal values ; Bone biopsies ; Sampling error
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Quantitative bone histology was done in undecalcified sections of iliac crest bone specimens obtained from 84 normal American individuals. Samples were obtained within 12 h after death in a vertical and horizontal manner from both the right and left iliac crests. In addition to the determination of normal values of micromorphometric parameters of bone in these healthy American subjects, the following studies were carried out: (a) comparison of variance of micromorphometric parameters of bone obtained from the right versus left iliac bone (40 pairs), (b) comparison of micromorphometric parameters of bone obtained in a vertical versus horizontal manner (12 pairs), (c) evaluation of variance with increasing distance from the compact zone in bone samples obtained in a vertical manner (44 pairs), (d) analysis of variation between bone samples obtained more anteriorly versus posteriorly along the iliac crest (N=40), (e) comparison of differences in micromorphometric parameters obtained from age-matched men versus premenopausal women (N=12), and (f) plotting of histograms for assessment of distribution of micromorphometric parameters. The results show that histomorphometric data of bone cannot be easily compared when different techniques are employed for obtaining bone samples. Sampling variations are kept smaller when bone specimens are obtained in a vertical manner. Anterior/posterior variation does not cause major sampling error. If ranges of variation are taken into account, quantitative bone histology is a valuable tool for assessment of bone structure and bone cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411283
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    Tensile properties of antler bone (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 301-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Antler ; Bone ; Collagen ; Tension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The tensile deformation characteristics of compact bone from deer antler were measured in both the “dry” and “wet” states and compared with published values for bovine compact bone. The tensile strength in the wet state (108±5.1 MN/m2) was comparable to the value for bovine compact bone tested at the same strain rate. The modulus value was very low: 7.5±0.9 GN/m2. The work to fracture was comparatively high, about 3 times that for bovine compact bone. Fractographic examination revealed fibrillar and osteonal shear for samples fractured in the dry state. In the samples tested in the wet state, some regions exhibited pull-out of lamellar segments from within a Haversian system. The results are explained in terms of the higher collagen content and lesser degree of mineralization in the antler.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411255
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  • 62
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    The effects of long-term immobilization on the histomorphology of human cortical bone (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 337-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Histomorphology ; Immobilization ; Quadriplegia ; Multiple sclerosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The cortical bone histomorphometrics, total visible osteon density, and mean osteonal cross-sectional area were determined for the major long bones and sixth ribs of two individuals with neurological deficit. One was a multiple sclerosis patient who had been in a wheelchair for 15 years. The other was a quadriplegic as a result of poliomyelitis. Statistically significant differences in osteon densities occurred only in the case of the quadriplegic. Nevertheless, in that subject, the total visible osteon densities for bones of the right arm were not statistically different from those of their age-matched (control) radii. Medical history records revealed that there had been partial use of this limb. These results support the belief that mechanical stress is an important factor in the maintenance of normal cortical bone remodeling. In addition, since there were subnormal osteon densities and normal mean osteonal cross-sectional areas, immobilization appears to be characterized by reduced activation frequency with a normal amount of bone turnover per BMU.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411264
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  • 63
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    Isolated osteoclasts in primary culture: first observations on structure and survival in culture media (1982)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 165 (1982), S. 405-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Osteoclasts ; Cell culture ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Osteoclasts were isolated mechanically from the medullary bone of laying hens kept 7 days on a low calcium diet. Osteoclast enrichment was achieved with 3–4 sedimentations of the cell suspension in test-tubes prepared by layering on the bottom with BSA 10% in MEM-HEPES or PBS, above which the cells were suspended in MEM-HEPES or PBS. The final suspension of osteoclasts was cultivated in MEM with 10% FCS for 3 weeks. The cultures were observed by phase-contrast and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). By the third day, the osteoclasts were completely spread onto the plastic dishes and a variety of morphologies and of intercellular contacts was established. Osteoclasts in culture do not lose their morphology; they survive for long periods and can be used in many experimental systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305576
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    Effect of ovariectomy on longitudinal bone growth in the rat (1982)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 164 (1982), S. 9-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Ovariectomy ; Growth ; Bone ; Rat ; Tetracycline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of ovariectomy on longitudinal bone growth was studied in growing rats. The operation was performed at ages 20, 40, and 60 days. Sham operations were made at age 40 days. At different postoperative intervals, the growth rate was determined with the tetracycline technique, and the width of the growth plate was registered. After a slight initial retardation, the growth rate after ovariectomy was significantly greater than in normal rats during a 40–60 day period. During the same period, the growth plate was wider. The increase in growth rate was greater and more rapid if ovariectomy was performed in older animals. The results indicate that ovariectomy increases longitudinal bone growth and that longitudinal bone growth and skeletal maturation depend less on ovarial function in young animals than that in more mature animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301875
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    Osteogenesis in osteopetrotic mice (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 37-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Osteopetrosis ; Osteoclast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Ectopic bone arising in grafts of compatible normal intact bone marrow in microphthalmic osteopetrotic recipients was examined in the light microscope and was found to be unaffected by the deficiency that curtails resorption of primitive woven bone in osteopetrotic animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411206
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  • 66
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    Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin interactions in bone: Irradiation-induced inhibition of escape in vitro (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 197-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Parathyroid hormone ; Calcitonin ; Bone ; Escape ; Irradiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Calcitonin (CT) inhibits hormonally stimulated bone resorption only transiently in vitro. This phenomenon has been termed “escape,” but the mechanism for the effect is not understood. One possible explanation is that bone cell differentiation and recruitment of specific precursor cells, in response to stimulators of resorption, lead to the appearance of osteoclasts that are unresponsive to CT. To test this hypothesis, cell proliferation in neonatal mouse calvaria in organ culture was inhibited by irradiation from a cobalt-60 source. At a dose of 6000 R, [3H]thymidine incorporation into intact calvaria was inhibited approximately 90%. Irradiation had no effect on the resorptive response to 0.1 U/ml parathyroid hormone (PTH). However, irradiation induced a dose-dependent inhibition of the escape response which was maximal at 6000 R. A dose of 6000 R did not affect the binding of125I-salmon CT to calvaria and decreased PTH stimulation of cyclic AMP release from bone without affecting the cyclic AMP response to CT. Although irradiation caused a dose-dependent inhibition of DNA synthesis, the dose-response curves for that effect and inhibition of escape were not superimposable. A morphologic study of hormonally treated calvaria demonstrated that irradiation prevented the early increase in number of osteoclasts in PTH-treated calvaria that had been observed previously in unirradiated bones. Autoradiography showed that irradiation also prevented the PTH-stimulated recruitment of newly divided mononuclear cell precursors into osteoclasts. This may be correlated with the effect of irradiation to prevent the loss of responsiveness to CT in the presence of PTH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411233
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    Changes in plasma bone GLA protein during treatment of bone disease (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 121-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Calcium ; Metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Bone Gla protein (BGP) was measured in the plasma by radioimmunoassay (RIA) during treatment of 59 patients with bone diseases including Paget's disease (N=9), primary hyperparathyroidism (N=25), chronic renal failure (N=20), and cancer involving bone (N=5). Plasma BGP was increased above normal in all patients. BGP decreased in the patients with Paget's disease following the acute and chronic administration of salmon calcitonin. Plasma BGP was higher in women then in men with primary hyperparathyroidism. Following parathyroidectomy, BGP decreased in both sexes but the decrease was significant in women only. Plasma BGP was increased in patients with renal osteodystrophy and did not change after hemodialysis. In the patients with bone cancer, plasma BGP decreased during treatment of the attendant hypercalcemia with salmon calcitonin. Although plasma BGP and serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) levels were generally correlated in these studies, there were examples of dissociation between the two. The measurement of plasma BGP appears to provide a specific index of bone metabolism that may in some circumstances be more sensitive than serum alkaline phosphatase measurement. However, further studies are necessary to establish the clinical value of plasma BGP measurement by RIA in the management of patients with bone diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411221
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    Electronic Resource
    Skeletal demineralization in Turner's syndrome (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 519-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Turner's syndrome ; Ovarian dysgenesis ; Osteoporosis ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The bone mineral status of 17 girls with Turner's syndrome was evaluated by single photon absorptiometry. Bone mineral content (BMC) was 25.4% below that predicted by normalization for age, sex, height, weight, and bone width. Only 25% of this demineralization could be attributed to delayed skeletal maturation. Bones of girls who received estrogen replacement therapy were less demineralized than those of the others. The bone mineral deficit became less pronounced with advancing age. It could not be determined if the apparent effect of estrogens was related to age or if the apparent improvement with age was really due to an effect of estrogen treatment. For 8 subjects followed longitudinally there was no significant change in the BMC deficit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411296
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    Vitamin A, bone and joint (1982)
    Springer
    Clinical rheumatology 1 (1982), S. 239-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Keywords: Vitamin A ; Bone ; Cartilage ; Intoxication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032081
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  • 70
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    Magnetic and electric fields produced during pulsed-magnetic-field therapy for non-union of the tibia (1982)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 20 (1982), S. 501-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Bone ; Electric fields ; Magnetic fields ; Pulsed-magnetic-field therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pulsed-magnetic-field therapy for non-union of the tibia is becoming, in some centres, an established orthopaedic technique. The field is generated by passing pulses of current through coils positioned around the leg, but the mechanism of interaction is not understood. This paper gives a qualitative description of the fields produced and then develops a theoretical model to calculate the fields for simple geometries. Good agreement is found between calculation and measurement, validating the model and showing that the form of the fields produced in a limb can now be described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02442413
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    Effect of ultraviolet light on the dielectric behavior of bone at microwave frequencies (1982)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 10 (1982), S. 139-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Dielectric constant ; Bone ; Collagen ; Apatite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The dielectric constant of bone and its two components (collagen and apatite) were determined at 9.2 GHz in a room temperature environment by the cavity perturbation technique. After samples were exposed to ultraviolet light, repeat measurements under identical conditions showed decreases in both the real and the imaginary parts of the dielectric constant in all cases. The present work describes the technique and a possible mechanism of ultraviolet interaction with bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02367462
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  • 72
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    The human tibia: Static testing in bending by anin vivo method (1982)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 10 (1982), S. 281-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Tibia ; Strength ; Bone ; Elastic modulus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract We have developed a method for static testing of the human tibia in bending in the living subject, and fabricated a prototype device for carrying it out. Model testing indicates that the device and model system are inherently accurate and reliable. However, the biological system is more complex, and while more than 200 tests have been conducted with perfect safety, the variability of replicate tests suggests that the method does not yet have general clinical utility. In some subjects, that variance is relatively small, possibly because they are more relaxed and perhaps also for anatomical reasons. In two subjects, postmortem tests corresponded very well with antemortem tests on the tibiometer. We conclude that with further refinements the method may have clinical potential, if only in carefully selected subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02367309
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  • 73
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    Fluoroscopic evaluation of skeletal problems (1981)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 7 (1981), S. 191-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Fluoroscopy ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fluoroscopically positioned spot films are widely used in gastrointestinal and chest roentgenography. Little or no mention is made of the diagnostic use of fluoroscopic spot filming for skeletal roentgenography in major texts or recent literature, and a rough survey of practicing radiologists showed us that such procedure was frequently underutilized or not utilized. While skeletal pathology is usually depicted quite accurately by plain radiographs there are times when a problem may be rapidly and simply clarified by fluoroscopically positioned spot films. In an attempt to assess the value of fluoroscopy for evaluation of musculoskeletal problems, we reviewed 46 cases in which fluoroscopically positioned spot films were obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00361863
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    Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone (1981)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 391 (1981), S. 323-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Malignant fibrous histiocytoma ; Bone ; Ultrastructural cytology ; Myoblastic differentiation ; Undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cell ; Relationship to osteosarcoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of bone is a well-defined tumor by light microscopy but no agreement has been achieved concerning its histogenesis. We present the light and electron microscopic findings of four cases of MFH of bone. In case 1 multiple bone tumors were observed and in case 4 the tumor developed after irradiation. It was our aim to document the cytological variability and to arrange the findings in a histogenetic concept of primary intraosseous MFH. We observed some undifferentiated cells but mainly histiocyte- and fibroblast-like cells including intermediate forms, and several types of giant cells. We should emphasize the fact that there were also some large cells with a light microscopic resemblance to rhabdomyoblasts and with electron microscopic characteristics of myoblastic differentiation. From the ultrastructural point of view, therefore, MFHs seem to derive from a primitive mesenchymal stem cell rather than from the ordinary histiocyte. It is suggested that osteosarcoma and MFH of bone may have a common progenitor cell but it is important to make a clear clinico-pathological distinction between the tumors because of differing biological behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00709165
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  • 75
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    Inhibition of active bone resorption by copper (1981)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 35-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Copper ; Resorption ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary An investigation of the role of copper in bone metabolism was undertaken. Explanted calvaria from 6-day-old mice were grown for 48 h in medium with and without the addition of copper sulfate. Active resorption was found to be significantly inhibited in the presence of copper sulfate concentrations of 10−6M and above. Copper sulfate concentrations of 10−5M and above inhibited hydroxyproline, protein, and DNA synthesis. Lower concentrations were ineffective. The effect of 5 × 10−6M copper sulfate on resorption was reversible. Several other compounds were tested for similar effects and at 5 × 10−6M were found to inhibit bone resorption in the order: copper sulfate 〉 brown gold chloride 〉 sodium aurothiomalate 〉 zinc sulfate 〉 sodium sulfate. The copper sulfate effect was twice that of sodium aurothiomalate, and sodium sulfate was not significantly inhibitory. The results suggest that the high serum copper levels associated with rheumatoid arthritis may reflect the activity of a hypothetical control mechanism of bone resorption. In the diseased state this would act to restore the normal rate of bone resorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02409410
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  • 76
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    Thallium chondrodystrophy in chick embryos: Ultrastructural changes in the epiphyseal plate (1981)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 57-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Thallium ; Chondrodystrophy ; Cartilage ; Bone ; Matrix
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Using the transmission electron microscope, we sought to describe the morphology of thallium sulfate-induced chondrodystrophy in chick embryos. There was cell death and degeneration in all zones of growth cartilage, but the cells and matrix of the hypertrophic zone were the most severely affected. Ultrastructural changes of the hypertrophic chondrocytes consisted of alteration of the cytoplasmic contents and of the intercellular matrix; the cell membrane was smooth and without cytoplasmic extensions. The cytoplasm was filled with dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles of varying sizes and contents, and lipidlike bodies with electron-dense granules; mineral crystals, collagen, and degenerating mitochondria were present. The matrix showed only spotty calcification and a reduced number of dense bodies, vesicles, and granules. The cells appeared to have failed to exteriorize cell products across the plasmalemma. Failure to exteriorize cell products and to form cytoplasmic processes reduced the number of potential nucleation sites for calcification. The ultrastructure of osteocytes was much less affected.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02409413
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    Formation and structure of Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite (1981)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 111-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite ; Amorphous calcium phosphate ; Bone ; Radial distribution function ; Carbonate apatite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary When amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) was transformed to crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) in a series of aqueous slurry concentrations ranging from low to high, the higher slurry concentrations produced more Ca-deficient HA as measured by Ca/P ratio and heat-produced pyrophosphate. We feel that the excess solution phosphate produced in the higher slurry transformations results in lower Ca/P ratio HA. It has been suggested that an ACP is the precursor to bone apatite. Regulation of the in vivo ACP slurry concentration could then control the stoichiometry and, therefore, the metabolic activity of bone apatite. X-ray radial distribution function (RDF) analyses showed that CO 3 2− substitution in HA creates far greater structural distortions than do Ca deficiencies. The latter, however, do produce small, but observable, structural distortions when compared to stoichiometric HA. It now seems clear that the RDF of bone apatite can be modeled by a synthetic, Ca-deficient, CO 3 2− -containing HA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02409422
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  • 78
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    Purification, composition, and31P NMR spectroscopic properties of a noncollagenous phosphoprotein isolated from chicken bone matrix (1981)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 385-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Phosphoprotein ; Bone ; 31P-NMR ; Phosphoserine ; Phosphothreonine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Fractionation of the EDTA-soluble, noncollagenous proteins of the organic matrix of chicken bone by Sephadex G-100 molecular sieving has revealed that the majority of the organic phosphorus is present in two fractions, from one of which a homogeneous phosphoprotein has been isolated. The purified phosphoprotein has an apparent molecular weight of 12,000 and contains bothO-phosphoserine andO-phosphothreonine.31P-NMR spectroscopy demonstrates that all of the organic phosphorus exists in the form of phosphomonoesters which have an average pK2 of 6.8. The phosphoprotein is highly acidic due to its high content of dicarboxylic acids in addition to the presence of organic phosphorus. The characteristic amino acid composition of the phosphoprotein establishes its noncollagenous nature and highlights the differences among bone, dentin, and enamel phosphoproteins. The absence ofγ-carboxyglutamic acid distinguishes it from osteocalcin, the noncollagenousγ-carboxyglutamic acid-containing peptide of bone matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02409461
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    Osteopenia in juvenile diabetes (1981)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 455-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Osteoporosis ; Diabetes mellitus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The bone mineral status of fifty-one children with diabetes mellitus was studied by single photon absorptiometry. The mean bone mineral content was 13% below values predicted by age, sex, height, and weight. Those children whose diabetes was one year or less in duration were as osteopenic as those whose diabetes was of longer duration. The demineralized children received a higher daily insulin dose than the others. No association was noted between the degree of skeletal demineralization and sex, statural growth, renal function, and serum calcium and phosphorus. No significant changes in bone mineral content were noted longitudinally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02409473
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  • 80
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    Age-related changes in the orientation and particle size of the mineral phase in human femoral cortical bone (1981)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 567-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Femur ; Age ; Mineral ; Apatite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary It has previously been observed that after the third decade of life the tensile strength of bone decreases faster than its density [1], indicating that some microstructural change occurs in bone with advancing age. In order to try to elucidate this observation, the orientation and particle size of the mineral phase of bone have been studied with respect to age. Samples were taken from femora varying in age from 13 to 97 years. The results show that the degree of preferred orientation does not vary with age after the first decade of life. However, the percentage of small particles increased up to the fourth decade of life and thereafter decreased, a pattern of change similar to that observed for bone strength. It would seem to indicate that an increase in mineral particle size is a factor that contributes to the loss of bone strength and that an increased percentage of large particles in the later years of life could, along with osteoporosis, help to explain the increased fragility in the bones of the elderly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02409493
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  • 81
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    Studies on extractable and resistant proteoglycans from metaphyseal and cortical bone and cartilage (1981)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 89-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Soluble proteoglycans ; Resistant proteoglycans ; Collagen ; Bone ; Cartilage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Soluble proteoglycans (SPG) were extracted from bovine (BCC) and human (HCC) costal cartilages by the dissociative method using 4 M guanidinium chloride (GuHCl). Proteoglycans which are resistant to extraction (RPG) were obtained following collagenase digestion or hydroxylamine treatment of the cartilage residues. Similarly, SPG were extracted from bovine metaphyseal and cortical bone using EDTA. The RPG were extracted from the bones using hydroxylamine. Density gradient fractionation under dissociative conditions of cartilage SPG and RPG followed by chromatography on Sepharose 2B revealed that A1D1 RPG are smaller than the SPG. SPG reacted with either collagenase or hydroxylamine are also smaller than the parent SPG. A1D1 fractions obtained from BCC-SPG and RPG or from mixtures of SPG and acid-soluble collagen are free of hydroxyproline. Hydroxyproline is not completely separated from HCC-RPG. Density gradient fractionation of bone proteoglycans and Sepharose chromatography of the A1 and A1D1 fractions showed that those obtained from metaphysis are larger than those from cortical bone. This was attributed to the presence of calcified cartilage in metaphyseal bone. The A1D1 fractions of the metaphyseal proteoglycans seemed to undergo self-association since this fraction is larger than the A1 fraction from which it is derived. Cortical bone proteoglycans do not behave similarly. Density gradient purification under dissociative conditions failed to separate hydroxyproline from the proteoglycans obtained from bone. It is hypothesized that in bone proteoglycans and collagen might be linked.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02409419
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  • 82
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    Radiographic evidence of disuse osteoporosis in the monkey (M. nemestrina) (1981)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 631-639 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Osteopenia ; Noninvasive monitoring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Radiological techniques were utilized for monitoring progressive changes in compact bone in the tibia of monkeys during experimentally induced osteopenia. Bone mass loss in the tibia during restraint was evaluated from radiographs, from bone mineral analysis, and from images reconstructed from gamma ray computerized tomography. The losses during 6 months of restraint tended to occur predominantly in the proximal tibia and were characterized by subperiosteal bone loss, intracortical striations, and scalloped endosteal surfaces. Bone mineral content in the cross section of the tibia declined 17–21%. Tomography demonstrated endosteal widening and reduced mineral content per unit of thickness of cortical bone. In 6 months of recovery, the mineral content of the proximal tibia remained depressed. Effects of the dynamic environment on local-regional changes in various skeletal areas are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02409501
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  • 83
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    Comparison of 1,25-, 25-, and 24,25-hydroxylated vitamin D3 binding in fetal rat calvariae and osteogenic sarcoma cells (1981)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 655-661 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ; 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 ; 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ; Receptors ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The hormonal metabolite of vitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], exerts its biological effects by binding to a cytosolic receptor protein. Such a protein has been demonstrated in vitamin D3 target organs including fetal rat calvariae and more recently in rat osteogenic sarcoma cells. In this study we have compared the binding of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25(OH)2D3] to that of 1,25-(OH)2D3 in fetal rat calvariae and osteogenic sarcoma (OS) cells. Sucrose density sedimentation, DNA-cellulose chromatography, and intracellular uptake studies have been employed to evaluate these interactions. In cytosol preparations from calvariae, [3H]-1,25(OH)2D3 bound to a 3.3S macromolecule and to a much greater extent to a 5.8S macromolecule while both [3H]25(OH)D3 and [3H]24,25(OH)2D3 bound to the 5.8S macromolecule. By incubating intact calvariae and OS cells with labeled metabolites and thus establishing binding intracellularly prior to cell disruption, we have found that the 3.3S protein which has high specificity for 1,25(OH)2D3 occurs inside the cells; the 5.8S protein, however, does not occur inside the cells but is generated after cell disruption. The [3H]-1,25(OH)2D3-receptor complex adsorbed to DNA-cellulose and was eluted from this affinity resin at 0.28M KCl. In contrast, [3H]25(OH)D3 and [3H]-24,25(OH)2D3 binding activity did not adsorb to DNA-cellulose. We conclude that, in contrast to the 3.3S protein, the 5.8S macromolecule does not fulfill receptor criteria but is rather generated by the experimental manipulation of the bone cells. Our data suggest that the vitamin D3 actions on bone are mediated only via the 3.3S receptor, and hence quantitative but not qualitative differences of the effects of the various metabolites are feasible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02409504
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  • 84
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    Bone photovoltaic cell in hall geometry (1981)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 239-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Magnetic field ; IR light ; Light absorption constant ; Efficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Enhancement of photovoltage has been found in bone and its two major constituents when placed in a magnetic field in standard Hall geometry. Infrared light has been used for carrier excitation. From data obtained in this manner, values for the light absorption constant, extinction constant, mass absorption constant, and efficiency have been estimated. All these parameters increase with the increase of magnetic field. A possible explanation for the observed phenomena is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02409443
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  • 85
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    Bone histomorphometric reproducibility in normal patients (1981)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 369-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Histomorphometry ; Bone ; Reproducibility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary To study bone histomorphometry reproducibility in normal subjects, we performed during orthopedic surgery bone biopsies in 16 post-menopausal women. Each woman had four bone biopsies, two at the usual site in the iliac crest, one on the left and one on the right side, and two other biopsies just behind the usual site, one at each side. We performed measurements of trabecular bone volume, relative osteoid volume, osteoid surfaces, osteoclastic resorption surfaces and calcification front. The average values of the 16 patients were compared, on the one hand, two by two, by a student test, and on the other hand, by a variance analysis. By these two methods the results showed no significant difference between the average values of the 16 patients at each location for any of the histomorphometric parameters studied. However, there was a location variation which was estimated by the intra-individual variation for a given patient. On the other hand, we calculated from the variance analysis the location variance for a group of 10 to 100 patients. In any case all the parameters had a location variation which was high for osteoclastic resorption surfaces and relative osteoid volume when expressed in % of the absolute value of these parameters. The variation of the trabecular bone volume was 0–46. 15% (95% confident limit interval) in a single patient and the hypothetical value of the location variation was 41.6% for a group of 10 patients and 13.0% for a group of 100 patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02409458
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  • 86
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    Density of a sample bovine cortical bone matrix and its solid constituent in various media (1981)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 499-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Collagen ; Density
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The density of a bovine cortical bone matrix sample was found in water, several ethanol-water solutions, and in the dried state. Previously the density of the same mineralized bone was found fresh and when desiccated. The volume in each state was estimated from the dimensional changes axially, tangentially, and radially. Confirmation was found by determining the density of dried specimens upon immersion in xylene. The amount of imbibed xylene provided an estimate of the free pore volume in the dried matrix. The volume fraction of the solid constituent, S, in the wet matrix was found to be 0.57, from which the density of S in various solutions was calculated. Density of wet matrix in 0.15 M saline: 1.180 g/cc; for dried matrix, 1.246 g/cc. Density of wet S in saline: 1.33 g/cc; for dried S, 1.42 g/cc, which matches published values for collagen molecules. Dimensional changes between wet and dried state of matrix match published values for artificially cross-linked rat tail tendon fibers. Axially: 1.04, by area: 2.27; by volume: 2.62. Estimate of intrafibrillar volume, assuming 80% of mineral is within fibrils: 0.73 cc/g dry collagen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02409480
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  • 87
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    Studies on the role of 24-hydroxylation of vitamin D in the mineralization of cartilage and bone of vitamin D-deficient rats (1981)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 489-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Vitamin D ; Vitamin D deficiency ; Cartilage ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary To test the importance of 24-hydroxylation of vitamin D3 on bone mineralization, rat pups born to vitamin D-deficient females were given either 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 or 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 for 16 days beginning at the time of weaning. Following such treatment analysis of blood samples revealed no detectable 24R,25-(OH)2D3 and 1,25-(OH)2D3 in the rats given the difluoro compound while revealing the expected 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 24,24-difluoro-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The rats given 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 had the expected levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Following sacrifice at day 17, postweaning bone mineralization and modeling were studied in long bones using histological methods. Bones taken from vitamin D-deficient rats at the beginning and end of the experimental period had lesions typical of rickets. These included wide growth plates, excessive amounts of osteoid, and metaphyseal fibrosis. Following treatment with either 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 or 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3, bone mineralization returned to normal. Growth plate widths and the amount of osteoid on bone surfaces were both substantially reduced and to a similar degree in both treatment groups. Normal cartilage core formation and trabecularization of the metaphyseal primary spongiosa were also restored to a similar degree in both groups. In effect, no difference was observed in any bone parameter studied between the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3- and the 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3-treated animals. These results provide strong evidence that 24-hydroxylation of the vitamin D molecule plays little or no role in the modeling and mineralization of bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02409479
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  • 88
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    Studies of diffusion in calvaria (1981)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 441-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Diffusion ; H2O ; Ions ; Vitamin D ; Diphosphonate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The rates of diffusion of small ions and neutral molecules through isolated calvaria have been determined. Compared with data published on self-diffusion and diffusion through cartilage, H2O, 3-O-methylglucose, lactate, sulfate, and methylamine diffuse at approximately 2/3 the expected rate. Diffusion of H2O and sulfate was unaffected by the administration of the diphosphonate 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP), although phosphate fluxes are markedly diminished. Diffusion of water was nearly doubled by vitamin D deficiency. A 1-week treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 had no effect on H2O diffusion while returning calcium influx to normal. It is concluded that bone matrix permits a flow of small neutral and ionized molecules nearly comparable to that in cartilage. When changes in calcium and phosphate influx are observed, they can be ascribed to the exchange properties of bone mineral and not to changes in matrix permeability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02409468
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  • 89
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    Lead concentrations in mediaeval bones (1981)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 48 (1981), S. 173-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Bone ; Lead ; Soil ; Past exposure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The lead concentrations in the bones of skeletons of mediaeval inhabitants of England were found to be greatly in excess of those of contemporary populations and greater than could be reasonably accounted for by the probable levels of lead exposure during life. The concentrations of lead in the soil in the immediate vicinity of the skeletons approximated to the concentrations found in the bones, and it was considered that over the centuries the two had come into approximate equilibrium. The results from other studies are compared with those of the present one, and it is concluded that palaeontological remains offer doubtful criteria for the in-vivo assessment of lead exposure in past populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378438
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  • 90
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    Clear-cell chondrosarcoma (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 101 (1981), S. 171-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Chondrosarcoma ; Clear-cell chondrosarcoma ; Sarcoma ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Report of a case of clear-cell chondrosarcoma at the upper end of the left femur of a 32-year-old woman. She had two pathologic fractures during a period of 4 years. After the first fracture an excochleation and after the second fracture a resection were done. Two years after resection she had no local recurrence and was free from metastasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00413310
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  • 91
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    3H-fucose incorporation into bone following exposure to parathyroid hormone, dibutyryl cyclic-AMP and colchicine (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 214 (1981), S. 583-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Fucose ; Bone ; Parathyroid hormone ; Adenosine cyclic monophosphate ; Colchicine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Radioautographic and scintillation counting procedures were used to examine the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH), dibutyryl cyclic-AMP (DB-cAMP), and colchicine on the incorporation of 3H-fucose into macromolecular material in organ cultures of bone. Radioautography demonstrated 3H-fucose incorporation into bone cells, with the heaviest uptake occurring in osteoclasts. A minimal incorporation occurred in pre-osteoblasts and osteoblasts of the osteogenic periosteum, and in fibroblasts of the fibrous periosteum. PTH appeared to produce a heavier label in association with osteoclasts while decreasing the limited labeling associated with cells of the osteogenic and fibrous periosteum. DB-cAMP and colchicine both markedly reduced the labeling associated with osteoclasts, while the minimal labeling of other bone cells remained. By contrast, scintillation counting results indicated that PTH had little or no effect on 3H-fucose incorporation, while DB-cAMP and colchicine considerably reduced the amount of labeled macromolecular material. The incorporation of 3H-fucose into glycoproteins and the role of glycoproteins are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233498
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  • 92
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    The effects of short-term fluoride ingestion on bone formation and resorption in the rat femur (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 221 (1981), S. 421-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Fluoride ; Bone ; Mineralization ; Resorption ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The femurs from rats given 120 ppm fluoride in their drinking water for 4 weeks were examined with histological, histochemical, and radiographic methods. Blood removed from the rats prior to sacrifice was analyzed for calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase. Results of this study indicated that the ingestion of fluoride produced wide osteoid seams on the periosteal surface of the femoral diaphysis within 4 weeks. The increase in osteoid appeared to be due to an increase in the number of osteoid-producing cells (osteoblasts) along with a subsequent delay in the mineralization of this tissue. The metabolic activity of osteoblasts did not appear to be affected since the intracellular production of acid and alkaline phosphatase was not inhibited. However, due to the high concentration of fluoride ingested, abnormal collagen deposition and a change in bone mineral may have combined to cause a delay in osteoid mineralization. Mineralization was also delayed in the distal femoral epiphyseal plate resulting in an increase in the number of hypertrophied cells. Resorption of metaphyseal trabecular bone, presumably formed prior to fluoride administration, was increased causing a reduction in the amount of trabeculae extending into the shaft of the femur. Concurrent with these changes in bone, the serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase remained within normal ranges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216745
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  • 93
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    Bioelectric characteristics of unstressedin vivo bone (1981)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 19 (1981), S. 49-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Bone ; Biopotentials ; Impedance ; Loss factor ; Stimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Some electrical parameters such as biopotentials, impedance, charge, power availability, loss factor and corresponding Q values have been measured in unstressedin vivo bone in adult rabbits. Measurements were performed with stainless steel electrodes implanted in the bones (tibia and femur). By placing a variable resistance across any two electrodes, the power available from the source was also obtained. Intact bone was subjected to d.c. stimulation by passing a constant current between the extreme electrodes and the potential profile and the charge retention were measured all along the affected medium. It is hoped that these data obtained will establish some quantitative relationship between the bone electrical behaviour and the electret phenomena.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02443846
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  • 94
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    Fibrous histiocytoma (fibroxanthoma) of a cervical vertebra (1980)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 5 (1980), S. 241-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Fibrous histiocytoma ; Metaphyseal fibrous defect ; Non-ossifying fibroma ; Fibroma ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A patient with a benign appearing intraosseous fibrous lesion of the cervical vertebra is presented. The lesion had the histologic features of non-ossifying fibroma (metaphyseal fibrous defect). Because of its atypical location and unusual radiologic appearance, the lesion was diagnosed as a fibrous histiocytoma, a tumor whose histology is similar to non-ossifying fibroma. The literature was reviewed for similar cases located outside the metaphysis of the long bones. Support is given for designating such lesions as fibrous histiocytomas rather than non-ossifying fibromas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00580597
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  • 95
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    On the measurement of water compartments, pH, and gradients in calvaria (1980)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 31 (1980), S. 135-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; water compartments ; marker ; methods ; pH ; potassium ; lactate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The concept of fluid compartmentalization in bone has emphasized the need for and lack of suitable methodology for the quantitation of water “spaces” in bone, in particular intracellular water, ICF, and extracellular water, BECF. Over a dozen commonly used marker substances were studied intensively. Small columns of hydroxyapatite crystals were employed to reveal physiochemical interactions with the mineral phase, and isotope distributions in live and dead calvaria (rat pup, and adult mice) were employed to evaluate interactions with the combined organic-inorganic matrix of bone itself. The results were most discouraging. For example, for total water space, only water itself (either by direct weight or by3H2O exchange) is a reliable measure in all instances. All markers studied were passively concentrated or excluded to varying degrees. In the end, it was necessary to measure intracellular space “by difference.” An extracellular marker, polyethylene glycol (14C-, mol. wt. 4000), was incubated with viable calvariae and also with comparable calvariae having lysed cells (0.1% Triton X-100). The intracellular space thus determined by difference agreed well with correlative data obtained on mixed cell-isolates from similar specimens. In neonatal calvariae, the intracellular space was 30% of the total water present; that of adult mouse tibia, 18%; and that of adult mouse calvariae, 14.5%. Measurements of dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione (DMO) distribution in live and lysed calvaria revealed an overall pH differential (inside bone vs. medium) of 0.1 unit or less. Using the best available data for ICF, BECF, and the passive concentrating effects of matrix-K+ interactions, there still remained an unexplained excess of K+ in the BECF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407174
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  • 96
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    Histological observations on the failure of rachitic rat bones to respond to 1,25/OH)2D3 (1980)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 31 (1980), S. 215-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; 1,25(OH)2D3 ; 25OHD3 ; Histology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Rachitic rats, maintained on diets with low or normal P contents, were given daily intraperitoneal doses of 1,25(OH)2D3 or 25OHD3 at levels of 100 or 200 ng. Plasma chemistry was measured and the ash content and histological appearance of the bones investigated. Using labeled material it was shown that the dosing levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 employed ensured a higher than normal plasma concentration of that metabolite over the period between doses. 1,25(OH)2D3 was not as effective as 25OHD3 in raising bone ash or reducing the amount of osteoid. The difference between the effects of the metabolites was evident at both dietary P levels, but more marked at the higher P level. In contrast, the metabolites reduced the width of the epiphyseal plate to an approximately similar degree, and this is possibly the reason why there are discrepancies between previous reports of the effectiveness of 1,25(OH)2D3 compared with 25OHD3 or vitamin D3. Dosing with 1,25(OH)2D3 failed to maintain a constant plasma Pi value over the period between doses in animals fed the low P diet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407184
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  • 97
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    Calcium homeostasis and bone pathology in magnesium deficient rats (1980)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 31 (1980), S. 231-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Magnesium ; Bone ; Calcium ; Parathyroid gland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Calcium homeostasis and bone pathology were studied in weanling rats fed a low (70 ppm) magnesium diet for 2–21 days. The rats developed significant, progressive hypercalcemia after 6 days on the diet. The increase in blood calcium was accompanied by progressive hypoactivity of the parathyroid gland (PTG), as determined by histologic and morphometric analyses. Thus hyperactivity of the PTG could not have been responsible for the hypercalcemia observed. Histologic examination of femora and humeri from magnesium-deficient rats showed progressive subperiosteal hyperplasia, consisting of undifferentiated osteoprogenitor cells and fibrous tissue, after 7 days of deficiency. The presence of unmineralized osteoid tissue in the metaphyses indicated that mineralization was not proceeding normally. The alterations in differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells, together with the failure of mineralization, resulted in significantly lower rates of bone formation (as measured by fluorochrome labeling) in the magnesium-deficient rats. Basophilic cementing lines and inactive osteocytes in the cortices of bones from magnesium-deficient rats indicated that bone resorption was also severely reduced in magnesium deficiency. We postulate that bone magnesium depletion (66% by day 21) has a direct negative effect on osteoblastic and osteocytic activity, and may explain, in part, the decreased responsiveness of bone to parathyroid hormone (PTH) that has been observed in magnesium-deficient animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407186
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  • 98
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    Limitations of radioactive microspheres as tracers for bone blood flow and extraction ratio studies (1980)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 31 (1980), S. 261-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; blood flow ; microspheres ; fluorine ; strontium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Radioactive microspheres have been used for measuring bone blood flow and the extraction ratios of bone-seeking radionuclides, but we have shown that the technique is not completely valid. Bone uptake of18F and85Sr was compared with that of microspheres simultaneously injected into the heart or aorta of rats and rabbits under a variety of conditions. In single-passage experiments with quick killing to avoid recirculation, attention was focused on the tibiae and femora which could be dissected quickly to avoid post-mortem migration. For the rest of the skeleton, the effect of the latter was minimized by allowing recirculation for 5 min and comparing blood flow determinations in conjunction with a cardiac output measurement. The apparent extraction ratio of18F was variable and always exceeded unity in the single-passage experiments. With recirculation, there were significant differences between the extraction ratios for some bones, and the ratios sometimes exceeded unity. Extraction ratios for85Sr were similarly variable, but lower. When85Sr was compared directly with18F, the relative extraction ratio was 0.8, with little variation between bones or animals. It is concluded that the flux of microspheres entering the vasculature of bone is not representative of blood flow, owing to the removal of some microspheres in pre-osseous capillary beds. Microspheres are therefore not a satisfactory standard for the determination of extraction ratios.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407191
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tumoral calcinosis: Evidence for concurrent defects in renal tubular phosphorus transport and in 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol synthesis (1980)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 32 (1980), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Ectopic calcification ; 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D ; hyperphosphatemia ; Bone ; Renal tubule
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary A 50-year-old Latin American man with tumoral calcinosis presented with hyperphosphatemia (6.62±1.04 SD mg/dl), elevated renal threshold phosphorus concentration (TmP) (7.3 mg/GFR), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] (69 pg/ml) hypercalciuria (239 mg/day), and a high fractional intestinal calcium (Ca) absorption (0.74). Sodium cellulose phosphate therapy (20 g/day) lowered urinary Ca, and partially reduced serum phosphorus (P) and TmP to 5.91±0.63 mg/dl and 6.2 mg/GFR, respectively. Serum 1,25-(OH)120D remained elevated at 58–64 pg/ml. Amphojel therapy (4 oz/day) decreased urinary P to 23±21 mg/day and lowered serum P to 5.75±0.36 mg/dl (P〈0.05). TmP increased to a value of 8.0 mg/GFR while serum 1,25-(OH)2D continued to remain elevated at 53 pg/ml. This case illustrates the probable operation of dual abnormalities in tumoral calcinosis represented by augmented renal conservation of P and an elevation in the circulating concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02408515
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of tracer microspheres to measure bone blood flow in conscious dogs (1980)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 32 (1980), S. 69-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Marrow ; Blood flow ; Microspheres
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Blood flow was measured in mature and immature dogs by means of tracer microspheres. Microspheres of 15 µm were found to be the most suitable size in the dog. Total body nonentrapment in the awake, standing dog is likely to be less than 10%. Cortical bone flood flow, devoid of periosteum and marrow, is 2.5 ml/100 g/min in mature dogs and 7.0 ml/100 g/min in immature dogs,P〈0.005. Blood flow in cancellous bone is greater than that in cortical bone in mature (P〈0.001) and immature (P〈0.02) dogs. Flow is different in different regions of a long bone because of different proportions of cortical and cancellous bone, probably because of interrelationships of function (surfaces undergoing remodeling) and, therefore, of energy metabolism and blood flow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02408523
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