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  • 1975-1979  (7,780)
  • 1965-1969  (9,467)
  • General Chemistry  (10,598)
  • Organic Chemistry  (6,552)
  • Insulin
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Adrenergic innervation ; Endocrine pancreas ; Insulin ; Exercise ; Glucagon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The normal depression of plasma insulin concentration during exercise has been ascribed to adrenergic inhibition of insulin release and the role of humoral catecholamines in this hormonal adjustment has repeatedly been stressed. In the present study this contention has been investigated in 6 bilaterally adrenalectomized patients and in 6 sex- and age-matched controls who undertook exercise on an ergometer until they were exhausted. No differences were observed in any cardiovascular or metabolic adjustments between the two groups during strenous exercise. Mean plasma insulin concentration fell by about 50% in both groups. Phentolamine effectively abolished the fall in plasma insulin concentration during exercise in 2 adrenalectomized patients. The results suggest that the adrenergic nerves that supply the B-cells have a functional role in man during exercise.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Papillary muscle ; Hypoxia ; Glucose ; Insulin ; Force of contraction ; Papillarmuskel ; Kontraktionskraft ; Hypoxie ; Glucose ; Insulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die minimal verbleibende Kontraktionskraft unter dem Einfluß von Hypoxie wurde an isolierten, rechtsventrikulären Papillarmuskeln (Meerschweinchen) gemessen, die kurzdauernd (90 s) mit hypoxischem (pO2 90 mm Hg) statt oxygeniertem (pO2 630 mm Hg) Medium inkubiert wurden. Unter dem Einfluß von Insulin (0,05 IE/ml) bei erhöhter Glucosekonzentration (300 mg% im Vergleich mit 100 mg%) sank die Kontraktionskraft minimal nur auf 70±9% im Vergleich mit 38±11% des Ausgangswertes (Kontrolle,p〈0,001). Eine alleinige Erhöhung der Glucosekonzentration oder Zugabe von Insulin hatte geringere Effekte zur Folge. Diese Befunde dokumentieren eine erhebliche Steigerung der Hypoxietoleranz des Myokards durch Glucose-Insulin.
    Notes: Summary The minimally remaining force of contraction under the influence of hypoxia was measured in isolated right-ventricular papillary muscles of the guinea-pig, incubated in hypoxic (pO2 90 mm Hg) and oxygenated (pO2 630 mm Hg) buffer solution. With insulin (0.05 IE/ml) and elevated glucose (300 mg% compared to 100 mg%) the force of contraction fell to only 70±9% minimally instead of 38±11% (control,p〈0,001). Elevated glucose or insulin alone had less pronounced effects which were not statistically significant for insulin. The results show an increase of tolerance against hypoxia of isolated papillary muscles under the influence of glucose and insulin.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; NSILA-S ; adipocytes ; hypophysectomized rats ; insulin-receptor ; NSILA-S-receptor ; glucose metabolism ; glucose transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Isolated fat cells from normal and hypophysectomized rats have been compared with respect to: 1) binding of insulin and NSILA-S, and 2) effects of these two hormones on glucose transport and metabolism. Although both insulin and NSILA levels were decreased in the serum of hypophysectomized rats, insulin binding was decreased to about 63% of normal, whereas NSILA-S binding remained unchanged. Basal lipogenesis was similar in adipocytes of normal and hypophysectomized rats, but was not stimulated by either insulin or NSILA-S. Similarly, neither of the two hormones stimulated the net gas exchange of “intact” fat pads from hypophysectomized rats. In striking contrast to these findings, 3-O-methylglucose transport in unstimulated fat cells of hypophysectomized rats proceeded at a maximal rate which was not further enhanced by insulin or NSILA-S. These results suggest that the lack of one or several hormones of the pituitary causes one or several enzyme deficiencies responsible for the limited rate of lipogenesis, which otherwiese would proceed at a very rapid rate because of unrestrained glucose transport.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; glucagon ; rat ; fetus ; neonate ; isolated islets ; glucose ; arginine ; leucine ; somatostatin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Islets were isolated by mild collagenase digestion and microdissection from rat fetuses 2 days before term and pups 1 or 2 days after birth and their insulin and glucagon secretion studied in vitro. Fetal B cells were stimulated by 16.7 mmol/l glucose, 20 mmol/l leucine or 20 mmol/l arginine. Fetal A cells were not affected by glucose or leucine, but were significantly stimulated by arginine. Somatostatin abolished the effect of arginine on both IRI and IRG output. Neonatal islets proportionally released more insulin and glucagon than their fetal counterparts, but reacted to the tested agents in a similar fashion. During the perinatal period, pancreatic insulin storage increased at a higher rate than that of glucagon. It is concluded that fetal B cells are equipped with sensors to a variety of agents and able to modulate their secretory rate according to the concentration of these agents. A cells are reactive to arginine 2 days before term but do not become glucose reactive until several days after birth.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; glucagon ; portal blood ; glucose ; arginine ; liver cirrhosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The portal vein was catheterized via the umbilical vein under local anaesthesia in 10 non-diabetic subjects about to undergo exploratory laparotomy and in 8 patients with liver cirrhosis. Immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and glucagon (IRG) were assayed in portal and peripheral blood before and during IV infusion of glucose (0.33 g/kg) or arginine (25 g). Basal peripheral plasma (IRI) levels were raised in cirrhotic patients (19±2 versus 10±1 μU/ml; P〈0.001). Basal portal insulin values, however, did not differ in the two groups. After glucose cirrhotic patients had higher peripheral insulin concentrations, compared to controls, significant at 45 and 60 minutes. In contrast portal insulin levels were higher in controls than in cirrhotics by 1 minute (403±43 versus 158±38 μU/ml; P〈0.001) and remained so for the 60 minutes of study. Similarly, after arginine cirrhotics had significantly higher peripheral insulin concentrations and lower portal concentrations than controls. Peak portal vein insulin levels were delayed in cirrhotics (168±16 μU/ml at 3 min) compared with controls (413±25 μU/ml at 1 min). In the basal state both portal and peripheral glucagon levels were higher in cirrhotics than control subjects. Unlike in controls, IV glucose did not suppress glucagon secretion in cirrhotic patients. Peripheral plasma glucagon concentrations after arginine were also consistently higher in cirrhotics than controls, but unlike insulin portal venous glucagon levels were also raised (1800±360 pg/ml, cirrhotics; 960±87 pg/ml, controls; P〈0.001; 1 min after arginine infusion). We conclude that insulin secretion is decreased in liver cirrhosis and that the peripheral hyperinsulinaemia observed reflects diminished hormone metabolism. The high plasma glucagon levels observed in cirrhotic patients are the result of pancreatic hypersecretion of glucagon.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 16 (1979), S. 201-206 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; glucose ; newborn ; early insulin response to feeding ; insulin in suckled infant ; newborn lambs ; newborn rabbits ; atropine and insulin secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Developmental changes in the plasma insulin response to milk ingestion have been determined in neonatal lambs fed by bottle and in naturally suckled infant rabbits. In lambs at 4 days of age and older plasma insulin increased within 5 min of suckling and declined again before increasing to a second peak 60 to 120 min after the feed. The early insulin peak was not associated with any change in plasma glucose and was absent in lambs at 1 day of age. When the early insulin peak was absent the increase in plasma glucose following the meal was greater. The early, apparently reflex, release of insulin also occurred in some ‘sham-fed’ lambs. Atropine administration before feeding abolished the early peak in insulin. A marked early peak of insulin release, not accompanied by any consistent change in plasma glucose, was also observed in naturally-suckled infant rabbits at 1, 5, 10 and 15 days after birth.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 132 (1979), S. 189-195 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: First feed ; Newborn ; Insulin ; Glucagon ; C-peptide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide and glucagon were evaluated in 36 newborn term infants at birth, and before and 60 min after the first feed during the first day of life. Under basal conditions glycaemia diminished during the first day of life and glucagon increased, while insulin and C-peptide did not show any variation. The C-peptide: insulin molar ratio was higher in the newborn than in adults because of the longer half-life of C-peptide, probably due to reduced renal function in the neonatal period. The subjects were divided into two groups: 18 newborn infants were given a feed of commercially available milk powder reconstituted in water at 10% (5 ml/kg); the other 18 were given a feed of 5 ml/kg 10% glucose solution. In each group 6 were given the first feed after a fast of 6 h, 6 after a fast of 12 h, and 6 after a fast of 24 h from birth. After the first feed with milk, the average increase of glycaemia was 19.83 mg%, of insulin 6.06 μU/ml, and of C-peptide 1.88 ng/ml. After the first feed with glucose the average increase of glycaemia was 13.59 mg%, of insulin 2.46 μU/ml, and of C-peptide 0.59 ng/ml. Glucagon did not show significant changes after the first feed.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 131 (1979), S. 185-198 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Growth hormone ; Somatomedin ; Chronic renal failure ; Uraemic children ; Haemodialysis ; Insulin ; Arginine ; Carbohydrate intolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Plasma growth hormone (GH) concentrations after insulin and arginine stimulation were estimated in 11 dialyzed and 6 non-dialyzed children with chronic renal failure. Twenty healthy children served as controls. Plasma GH peak concentration and estimation of the total area under the plasma GH concentration-time curve by the trapezoidal rule were used to evaluate results. Elevated basal GH levels and an exaggerated response to the stimuli were seen in several of the patients. The causes of the abnormal GH secretion and the role of high GH levels in carbohydrate intolerance are discussed. No consistent pattern was seen in GH secretion during haemodialysis without glucose in the dialysate. In children undergoing haemodialysis with a fluid containing glucose, plasma GH fell considerably.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 16 (1979), S. 275-279 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; receptors ; mouse embryo retina ; Simian virus 40 ; established cell lines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The binding of125I-insulin to uncloned and cloned cultures of mouse retinal cells has been investigated. At 15° C, binding of the hormone reached a steady state by 60 min, while at 37° C equilibrium was reached earlier but at a lower level than at 15° C. Porcine insulin, porcine proinsulin and guinea pig insulin displaced labelled insulin in proportion to their known biological potency. A sharp pH dependence of the hormone binding was observed with an optimum at pH 7.8. The dissociation rate of the125I-insulin was increased in the presence of unlabelled hormone, suggesting the existence of negative cooperativity in the insulin-receptor interaction. The availability of established retinal cell lines with insulin receptors should facilitate the study of the insulin-retina interactions in a controlled in vitro system.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 41 (1979), S. 51-59 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Exercise ; Training ; Free fatty acids ; Triglycerides ; Insulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty healthy athletes performed a heavy physical exercise before and after a controlled training period of 3 months. As a result of physical training there was a reduction in lactate concentration during and after exercise. Plasma free fatty acids and triglyceride levels were lower at rest as well as during and after exercise. Insulin concentrations decreased during exercise before the training period whereas they remained constant afterwards. The composition of individual free fatty acids changed in the same way during exercise before and after training: fatty acids with shorter hydrocarbon chains increased, those with longer chains decreased. Comparing the pattern of individual free fatty acids before and after training a higher percentage of saturated and a lower percentage of mono-unsaturated fatty acids was observed. It is concluded that changes in the plasma free fatty acid profile during heavy exercise reflect a preferential uptake and oxidation of certain individual free fatty acids. The significance of training-induced changes in the plasma free fatty acid pattern is discussed.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 41 (1979), S. 211-219 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Adrenaline ; Noradrenaline ; Glucagon ; Insulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of 9 weeks of training on responses of plasma hormones to swimming were studied in eight competitive swimmers who had not trained for several months. Two types of swimming tests were used: (1) 200 yd, a high intensity, exhausting type of exercise in which maximal effort was required both before and after training, and (2) 1000 yd, a pace type of exercise in which subjects swam as fast as possible prior to training and at the same rate after training. Plasma levels of glucagon increased and of insulin decreased during 1000 yd of swimming, but were not altered by 200 yd of swimming. No training effects were apparent in responses of plasma insulin and glucagon to these short-term, high intensity exercise tests. During the 1000 yd swim, plasma adrenaline was 0.8 ng/ml before vs. 0.1 ng/ml after training. Plasma noradrenaline response decreased from 3.4 to 1.2 ng/ml as a result of training. In the 200 yd swim, adrenaline, but not noradrenaline, was lower after training.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Analysis of Technical Diphenylolpropane (Bisphenol A) by High-performance Liquid ChromatographyA method for the investigation of technical 2,2-bis-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-propane (bisphenol A) by high-performance liquid chromatography is described. Microspherical silicagel in unmodified (adsorption) and C16-modified form (reversed phase) was used as support. It has been found that supports with small particle sizes (5 μm) achieve their optimum efficiency only when they possess an adequately narrow optimum particle size distribution.The investigations were carried out using a self-made apparatus. Details concerning an UV-cell being insensitive to gas bubbles as well as a differential refractometer, which can be disassembled, are presented.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 65-70 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Sterische Effekte in der STOBBE-Kondensation von 3,4-disubstituierten Acetophenonen mit Dimethyl-methylsuccinatDie Kondensation von 3,4-Dimethyl-, 3,4-Dimethoxy- und 3,4-Dichloracetophenon mit Dimethylsuccinat in Gegenwart von Kalium-t-butylat lieferte in jedem Fall ölige Gemische der stereoisomeren Halbester 1 und 2. Während die (E)-Halbester 1 zu den entsprechenden 1-Acetoxy-3-nahpthoesäureestern 5 cyclisiert werden konnten, ergaben die (Z)-Halbester 2 unter den gleichen Bedingungen die entsprechenden 3-Oxo-inden-2-(α-subst.)-essigsäuren 7.Das Isomerenverhältnis wird mit sterischen Wechselwirkungen in den γ-Lacton-Zwischenprodukten 8 erklärt.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 14
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 93-101 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Reaction of α,β-Dihalogeno-propionitriles with Monosubstituted Hydrazines  -  A Simple Synthesis of 1-Substituted 3- or 5-Amino-pyrazolesIn methanol hydrazines 3, and α,β-dihalogeno-propionitriles 1, 2 even at 0°C irreversibly yield 3 · HX, and α-halogenoacrylonitriles 4, 5 (A1). Fast addition of alkyl- and aralkyl- hydrazines 3 to 4, 5 (C) gives 1-substituted 1-(2′-halogeno-2′-cyan-ethyl)-hydrazines 6, the addition of arylhydrazines 3 to 4, 5 (D) 1-aryl-2-(2′-halogeno-2′-cyan-ethyl)-hydrazines 8. In methanol 6 spontaneously cyclise (E) to hydrogen halides 7 · HX of 1-alkyl- and 1-aralkyl-3-amino-pyrazoles, 8 with 2 moles of acids (F) to salts 10 · 2HY of 1-aryl-4-halogeno-5-imino-pyrazolidines, and the free 10 spontaneously (G) to hydrogen halides 9 · HX of 1-aryl-5-amino-pyrazoles. Mechanisms (A1), (C), (D), (E), (F), and (G) are proved by t.l.c., 1H-n.m.r., and isolation of intermediates, the structures of 7 resp. 9, using the significant 1H-n.m.r.-parameter ΔHMPTCDCl3. Simple general syntheses are described for 3-amino-pyrazoles 7 (R = H, alkyl, aralkyl) or 5-amino-pyrazoles 9 (R = aryl) starting with α,β-dihalogeno-propionitriles 1, 2, and for α-bromo-acrylonitrile 5.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 137-140 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Identification and Determination of Byproducts of the Acrylonitrile Synthesis
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 141-150 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthese von hexakoordinierten Ketiminderivaten des Germanium(IV)
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 17
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 175-176 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Verbesserte Synthese von 4,6-Diamino-2-nitro-m-xylen durch Reduktion von 2,4,6-trinitro-m-xylen
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 186-196 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quantum Chemical Investigation of the Cycloaddition of Phenol to Phenylcyanate as an Example for the Study of M.O. Correlation Diagrams of Systems without Symmetry Elements in the Transition State.There is experimental evidence, that the N-monomethylaniline-catalyzed addition of phenol to phenylcyanate proceeds via a six-membered, cyclic transition state, in which N-mono-methylaniline is involved, whose presence as a catalyst is necessary. In the present work is investigated by quantumchemical considerations, whether an analogy can be found between this reaction and a symmetry-allowed [2 + 4]cycloaddition of π-systems. Using the CNDO/2-method an energy curve has been calculated, having only a small activation barrier. The wavefunctions at some points of the reaction coordinate have been localized to bond orbitals, which are then taken into some linear combinations. These do not show any change of their nodal behaviour at points belonging to the starting resp. to the final state of the reaction. This shows, that the above mentioned analogy is valid. For the [2 + 2]cycloaddition in absence of the catalyst, on the contrary, the energy curve shows a very high activation energy, and the nodal behaviour of the combined localized orbitals is changed on passing from the starting to the final state.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 19
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 243-248 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mass Spectroscopy of Natural Compounds. I.Comparative Investigation of Anion-Cation Mass Spectra of 2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl EstersThe electron attachment mass spectra (anion mass spectra) of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl esters with different structures of the acids are discussed and compared with the corresponding electron impact spectra. In contrast to the cation mass spectra the molecular ion peak appears in all the anion mass spectra.
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  • 20
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 267-273 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Acids HOOCCH(SX)CH(SX)COOH (X = CH2COOH, C6H5) and their Methyl EstersThe acids HOOCCH(SX)CH(SX)COOH with X = CH2COOH and C6H5 and their methyl esters have been prepared by addition of thiols to acetylene dicarboxylic acid as salt and methyl ester. The structures and configurations have been discussed.
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  • 21
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 308-314 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of 3 Shortened, Repeatedly by Ala Substituted Analogues of the Insulin B Chain in Protected FormStarting from the previously described fragments of the insulin B chain with native or partielly modified amino acid sequence, the 3 terminal shortened, additionally in several positions by Ala respectively in position 6 by Val substituted analogues B1-27(Ala9, Ala10, Ala27), B4-27-(Ala4, Ala9, Ala10, Ala27) (1) and B4-27(Ala4, Val6, Ala9, Ala10, Ala27) were prepared in protected form.
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  • 22
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 323-326 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Concerning the Extractive Behaviour of Long-chain Alkanesulphonates
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  • 23
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 341-344 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Potentiell psychopharmakologische Verbindungen. II. Synthese einiger neuer fluorhaltiger Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine
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  • 24
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 25
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 370-378 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of Triorgano-amido-arsenic-, -antimony- and -bismuthhalidesThe preparation of some triorgano-amido-metalhalides by addition of various N-haloamides to organometallic compounds of the type R3M (M = As, Sb, Bi) in polar aprotic solvents under mild conditions is described. The properties of these derivatives are studied. In solution equilibriums of triorgano-amido-antimonyhalides, the corresponding dihalides, and diamido compounds are existing, as we proved by 1H-n.m.r.
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  • 26
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 404-406 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photochromism of the o-Nitrobenzylpyridines in Supercooled Melts2-(2′, 4′-dinitrobenzyl)-pyridines 1 a-g and 4-(2′,4′-dinitrobenzyl)-pyridine 2 form supercooled melts which are photochromic on u.v.-irradiation. The photochromism and the kinetic stability of the coloured form in supercooled melts are quite different from the behaviour in ethanolic solution. The differences are explained on the basis of a polymethin constitution of the coloured form.
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  • 27
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 429-436 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cyclization Reactions of 1-[2-amino-1-cyano-2-thio-]ethenepyridinium Ylides1-[2-Amino-1-cyano-2-thio-]ethene-pyridinium ylides 1 can be alkylated with methyliodide or α-haloesters and α-haloketones, respectively, to form 1-[2-alkyl(aryl)amino-1-cyano-2-methylthio-ethene-1]pyridinium iodides 2a--e or 1-[2-alkyl(aryl)-amino-1-cyano-2-alkoxy(aryl)-carbonylmethylthio-ethene-1] pyridinium salts 3a-f. With the exception of 3a-b the compounds 3 or 1 react with haloketones to yield 1-[4-amino-2-alkyl-(aryl)amino-5-benzoyl-thiene-3]pyridinium salts 4a-m or 3-alkyl-4-aryl-2-(1-cyano-1-pyridinium)methylene-Δ4-thiazoline salts 5a-f.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 28
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 420-428 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Deactivation Behaviour of Arenes and Heteroarenes. XVII. Fluorescence Quenching of Cations by AnionsFluorescence quenching, caused by cation-anion interaction in the excited state, was investigated for the combinations of 13 acridinium and acridizinium ions (fluorophors) and chloride, bromide and iodide (quenchers). The obtained dependence of rate constants of dynamic quenching process on the acceptor properties of cations in the case of chloride is interpreted by the model of electron transfer in the encounter state. The resulting limit-rate constants of quenching are greater than those of diffusion of neutral molecules, caused by the Coulomb-interaction between cation and anion.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 29
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 437-442 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Propellane. I. 3,6,10,13-Tetrathia(4,5,11,12-trans-dicyclohexano)-(6,6,1)propellanDurch Reaktion des 1,1,2,2-Tetrabrommethylcyclopropans mit trans-1,2-Dimercaptocyclohexan wurde die tricyclische Verbindung 1 mit Propellan-Struktur erhalten. Die Struktur dieser Verbindung wurde mit Hilfe spektroskopischer Daten und der Fragmentierung der Massenspektren ermittelt. Für die beiden achtgliedrigen Ringe wird eine “twist-crown” Konformation vorgeschlagen. Die Oxidation des (6,6,1)Propellans 1 führt zu dem entsprechenden Tetrasulfon, in dem der Cyclopropan-Ring erhalten bleibt.
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  • 30
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 449-465 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: MO-LCAO Calculations on Polymethines. XI. Local Spectral Excitations in Polynuclear Cyanine DyesVarious branched-conjugated cyanine dyes display long-wavelength absorption bands similar in position to those of their straight-chain substructures. According to the analysis of results of PPP-type calculations this close similarity results from a partial localization of the electronic transitions, whereas the participating electronic states are highly delocalized. The long-wavelength absorptions of symmetrically-branched trinuclear cyanine dyes have an entire molecular chromophore origin resulting from twofold degenerate electronic transitions. Lowering of the symmetry brings about a splitting of the colour-band.In contrast to the branched-conjugated cyanine dyes various tetranuclear cyanine dyes can be considered as being composed of two subchromophores either directly linked or joined through a conjugative bridge. In accordance with PPP configuration analyses and LHM-type calculations the splitting of the colour band is best understood by composite-molecule approaches. In this context the applicability of the simple molecular exciton theory is discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 31
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Umwandlung von 4-Hydroxy-5-nitro-4,5-dihydrothymin unter alkalischen Bedingungen
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  • 32
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 519-521 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Untersuchungen an Yliden: Reaktion von N-Phenacylpyridiniumbromiden mit aromatischen Diazoniumsalzen
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  • 33
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 541-543 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Isosteric Heat of Adsorption of n-Ethane on Zeolites NaX and NaYUsing a volumetric method isotherms of adsorption of ethane on zeolites NaX and NaY were measured. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation was used to calculate the isosteric heat of adsorption of the paraffin on both molecular-sieves. These enthalpies show a linear dependence of the amount of adsorbed molecules. The zeolite with the higher charge density shows a larger heat of adsorption. The difference in the heat of adsorption is explained by adsorption on different centers in the cavity of both zeolites.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 34
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 555-564 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Reaction of E-ß-Nitro-styrenes with 3-Pyrazolidone-azomethinimines - a Non-cisoid 1,3-Dipolar CycloadditionNormal flipping at both ring-N-atoms postulated, the thermal addition of E-β-nitro-5a or E-(4-chloro-β-nitro)-styrene 5b to 3-pyrazolidone-azomethinimine-1,3-dipoles 4a or 4b formally can yield 8 isomeric pairs of enantiomers, 4 of which are “permitted”(cisoid) and 4 of which are “forbidden” according to the concerted [π4s + π2s]-mechanism. If the addition of 5 to 4 is regiospecific, 2 “permitted”(cisoid) (1 and 6) and 2 “forbidden”(3 and 10) isomers are conceivable. From pure 5a and 4a we regiospecifically got 1ref,3trans-diphenyl-2cis-nitro-6a (75%) and 1ref,3trans-diphenyl-2trans-nitro-5-oxo-perhydropyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol 10a (25%), from 5b and 4b the corresponding bis(4-chloro-phenyl)-isomers 6b and 10b. The sodium salts 8a, b, gained from 6a, b and 10a, b, are identical. With H⊕ (D⊕) in water (D2O) 8a, b give 6a, b (2-deutero-6a, b = 7a, b). The 1H-n.m.r. spectra of 6a, b, 7a, b, 8a, b, 10a, b, and of the 2-amino-isomers 11a/12a, corresponding to 6a/10a, are discussed.For the first time products of a non-cisoid 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (10a, b) were isolated. In the discussion (E ⇌ Z)-isomerization of 5a, and conceivable mechanisms of isomerizations 6a → 10a are excluded. Theoretical consequences are suggested.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 35
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Characterization of the Radiationless Deactivation of the Lowest Excited Singlet State of N-Methylacridone by Means of the Triplet Sensitized (E) → (Z) Photoisomerization of (E)-StilbeneThe (E) → (Z) isomerization of (E)-stilbene photosensitized by N-methylacridone (A) has been studied under anaerobic conditions at 298 K in dependence on the solvent as well as the concentration of iodoethane as heavy atomquencher. For the experimental conditions the quantum yield of the triplet-triplet energy transfer 3A* → 3E* is unity and the photoreaction is homogenous.The ISC quantum yield of the sensitizer N-methylacridone was determined from the initial slopes of the plotted concentration-time functions in the solvents methanol, N-methylformamide, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, benzene and tetrachloromethane, respectively. The comparison of the ISC quantum yields ψisc and the quantum yields of fluorescence ψf indicate that ψf + ψisc = 1 is true for the used solvents; the IC process is negligible.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 36
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 643-654 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Liquid Crystal ThiazolesThe synthesis of 2,4- and 2,5-disubstituted thiazoles is described and their melting and clearing points are investigated. The influence of the thiazole ring system on the formation of crystalline-liquid phases is discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 37
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Model Calculations on the Counterion Effect in the Cationic Polymerization; Geometry Optimization and Behaviour of the Mixed Halogenoantimonates SbClnBr-n-6.The CNDO/2 method including geometry optimization with respect to the energy has been applied to calculate the structure and the electronic properties of the complex anions SbClnBr-6-n. Independently on the composition of the anions the bond lengths Sb-X (X = Cl, Br) remain those of the pure antimonates.The HOMOs are delocalized over the ligand sphere. They mainly contain components of Br and are lifted by increasing Br amount. The LUMOs have central atom character and are lowered by Br. Charge distribution and Wiberg bond indices indicate extra easy cleavage of the Sb-Br bond if Cl holds a trans position to Br. The computed data agree with spectral properties, the acceptor behaviour and the decay trend of the antimonates SbClnBr-6-n.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 38
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 699-703 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions of Open Chain and Cyclic Ketene-S,S-acetales with Amines
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 39
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 40
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 775-786 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Halogenolipids. III. Alkyl Glyceryl Ether AnaloguesSynthesis of the halogeno analogues of alkyl glycerol ether, 3-fluoro-1-O-hexadecyl-(octadecyl)-propane-1, 2-diol, 2-fluoro-1-O-hexadecyl(octadecyl)-propane-1, 3-diol, 2-chloro-1-O-hexadecyl-propane-1,3-diol and 3-fluoro-2-O-hexadecyl-propane-1,2-diol, which are of interest as potential cytostatic agents, is described.
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  • 41
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 804-812 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthese von N-(Formylphenyl)- und N-(Acetophenyl) Derivaten des Harnstoffs und der CarbaminsäureAminobenzaldehyde und Aminoacetophenone reagieren in Gegenwart von tertiären Aminen, z. B. Pyridin oder Triethylamin, mit Alkylchloroformiaten und Alkylisocyanaten zu den entsprechenden N-(Formylphenyl)- und N-(Acetophenyl)-Derivaten des Harnstoffs 2a-p bzw. der Carbaminsäure 1a-u. Aminobenzaldehyde und Aminoacetophenone reagieren nicht mit N,N-Dialkylcarbamoylchloriden.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 42
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 859-864 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Application of Relaxation Reagents in the 13C-NMR Quantitative AnalysisIn 13C-PFT-n.m.r. spectrum, the intensities of different signals become almost equal on adding Cr(acac)3 as a relaxation reagent. An intensity ratio precisely corresponding to the number of the adjacent carbon atoms can be reached only with infinitely high concentrations of Cr(acac)3. By means of a linearized function, it is possible to give an extrapolation to this infinitely high concentration. In this way, a quantitative 13C-n.m.r. analysis can be obtained routinely. The method does not require calibration, the standard deviation amounts to about 10% (rel.).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 43
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 878-878 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 44
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 881-898 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: General Syntheses and Rational Parameters for Structural Assignment of Isomeric Derivatives of [3,4]-fused Pyrazoles4 isomeric 1- or 2-methyl-, and 1- or 2-benzyl-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridones, i.e. the 4-oxo-types 17a, b or 11a, b and the 6-oxo-types 16a, b or 10a, b, are synthesized unambiguously. Cyclisation of 1-substituted 3- or 5-(1-methyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl-vinylamino)-pyrazoles 9a, b or. 15a, b, which were synthesized from 1-substituted 3- or 5-amino-pyrazoles and ethyl acetoacetate yields 11a, b or 17a, b in downtherm, but 10a, b or 16a, b in presence of acidic catalysts. The acidic cyclisation is preceded by a new rearrangement of 9 or 15 into 1- substituted 3- 27 or 5-amino-4-(1-methyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl-vinyl)-pyrazoles 30; mechanism and concurring reactions are explained. Because of their higher electron densities at C-4 it is easier to cyclise derivatives of 5-amino-pyrazoles compared to 3-amino-pyrazoles. All isomeric 1- or 2-substituted 4(6)-chloro-6(4)-methyl-pyrazolo-[3,4-b]pyridines are formed with POCl3 from the corresponding oxo-compounds.The position of a substituent at N-1 or N-2 of [3,4]-fused pyrazoles can be assigned using the significant 1H-n.m.r.-parameter ΔHMPTCDCL3 = δCDCl3  -  - δHMPT (conc. HC - 3). If solvent influences are considered, δ(C = O) is a useful 13C-n.m.r.-parameter to distinguish the 4-oxo-types (11a, b; 17a, b) from the 6-oxo-types (10a, b; 16a, b) of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridones. Further own and lit. dates conc. structural assignment (n.m.r., i.r., u.v.) are discussed critically.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 45
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 921-927 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Neue Möglichkeiten zur Verwendung von 1,1,1-Trichlor-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethan für die Darstellung von selbstlöschenden und wärmebeständigen Polyurethan- und PolyharnstoffharzenEs werden Reaktionen zur Darstellung von 1,1,1-Trichlor-2,2-bis(4-chlor-3-aminophenyl)ethan, 1,1-Dichlor-2,2-bis(4-chlor-3-isocyanatophenyl)ethylen und 1,1,1-Trichlor-2,2-bis(4-chlor-3,5-diaminophenyl)ethan aus 1,1,1-Trichlor-2,2-bis(4-chlorphenyl)ethan beschrieben. Die Polyadditionsprodukte der Diisocyanate mit Diolen und Diaminen werden durch Derivatographie charakterisiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 46
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 953-958 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mass Spectra of Alicyclic Compounds. VI. Mass Spectrometric Fragmentation of Chloroacetic Esters of the trans-1,4-CyclohexanediolThe electron impact mass spectra of some chloroacetic esters of trans-1,4-cyclo-hexanediol and of cyclohexanol are discussed.It was found that the fragmentation process in these compounds is determined by the number of chlorine atoms in the acid and the interactions between the two functional groups.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 47
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 987-999 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chemical Synthesis of the Oligonucleotides dpG-A-T-A-T-C, dpG-A-T-C-T-T-T-T and dpT-T-T-C-A-T-C-A-TFor studies of some sequence dependent structural factors the oligonucleotides dpG-A-T-A-T-C, dpG-A-T-C-T-T-T-T and dpT-T-T-C-A-T-C-A-T were required. Their chemical synthesis is reported according to the diester method.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 48
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 1021-1028 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaction of o-Halobenzyl Cyanides with Carbon Disulfide and Phenyl IsothiocyanateStarting from o-halobenzyl cyanides 1 and carbon disulfide in the presence of sodium hydride dithiolates 3 are prepared, which are not isolated. Alkylation under cooling gives ketene S, S-acetals 4, while on heating at 100°C benzo[b]thiophenes 6 are obtained. Nitrile cyclisation yields thieno[2, 3-b]benzothiophene 7. Reaction of 1 with phenyl isothiocyanate/sodium hydride and subsequent alkylation leads to the ketene S, N-acetals 13 und to the thiazolidines 15.
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  • 49
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 1047-1052 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaktionen mit Acetondicarbonsäure-Dianiliden. I. Reaktionen an der Carbonylgruppe
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  • 50
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 51
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 8-12 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaktion von Grignardverbindungen mit gemischten DiimidenN-Phthalimidosukzinimid 1 und N-Phthalimidomaleinsäureimid 2 entstehen aus N-Aminophthalimid und Succzinsäure- bzw. Maleinsäureanhydrid. 1 reagiert mit Grignardverbindungen zu den 3, 3-disubstituierten Phthaliden 3 und N-Aminosucczinimid. 2 reagiert mit Grignardverbindungen ebenfalls zu den Phthaliden 3 und einem schwer zu reinigenden Verbindungsgemisch. N-Phthalimidomaleinsäureimid 2 reagiert leicht mit Diazoalkanen und Stickstoffwasserstoffsäure.
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  • 52
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 112-116 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: On the Use of Nitrosomesitylene as a Spin Trap2, 4, 6-Trimethylnitrosobenzene (nitrosomesitylene) has been tested for spin trapping of radicals. The rate constant for trapping of tert. butyl radicals by nitrosomesitylene has been estimated to be (1.2 ± 0.3) · 108 mole-1 dm3 s-1.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 53
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 107-111 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Studies on Sulphochlorination of Paraffins. IV. On the Sulphochlorination of IsobutaneIn the sulphochlorination of isobutane at -20 to -10°C a mixture of 20-25% tert.-butyl and 75-80% of isobutyl sulphochlorides is formed. The mixture has been analyzed by 1H- and by 13C-n.m.r.-spectroscopy. It is possible to transform the mixture of sulphochlorides into mixtures of the corresponding sulphonates, sulphonic acid methyl esters or sulphonic acid demithylamides. During the work-up of the sulphochlorination mixtures it is necessary to keep the temperature low, because tertiary butyl sulphochloride is desulphonated at a noticeable rate already at temperatures above 35°C.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 54
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 205-214 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Reactions of 2-[Bis-(alkylthio)-methyliden]-indan-1,3-dionesThe 2-[bis-(alkylthio)-methyliden]-indan-1,3-diones 3 and especially the methyl-compound 3a react with nucleophiles by substitution of the CH3—S—group. The reaction with amines are yields the S,N— or N,N-acetales 7 and 8, respectively. Diamines, amino hydroxy- or amino-mercapto compounds as dinucleophiles give the cyclic compounds 9 or the condensed heterocycles 12 and 16, where the carbonyl group has been integrated in the cyclisation. Also carbanions react with 3a under substitution. The structures of the final products are determined with ir-, 1H-n.m.r.- and ms-spectra.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 55
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 231-242 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Control of Synthesis and Characterization of Higher-Molecular Peptides by Means of 13C n.m.r. SpectroscopyThe 13C n.m.r. spectra of the C-terminal bovine insulin decapeptide derivative Boc-Glu(OBzl)-Arg(H+)-Gly-Phe-Phe-Tyr(Bzl)-Thr(Bzl)-Pro-Lys(Z)-Ala-OBzl as well as the amino acid and peptide intermediates used in its synthesis, have been measured and assigned as extensively as possible. The use of 13C n.m.r. spectroscopy as a method for controlling the synthesis and for the characterization of higher-molecular peptides is discussed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 56
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photocatalytic Systems. XVI. Photo-oxidation of Octacyano Molybdate (IV) by Excitation in the Long-Wave Range
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 57
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 197-204 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Phase Transitions of Liquid Crystalline Modifications by Photochemical IsomerisationOn irradiating of liquid crystalline phases of aromatic azo- and azoxy-compounds, stilbenes or of derivatives of cinnamic acid by light of appropriate wave lengths the liquid crystalline phase will be converted into the isotropic liquid. In case of the azo- and azoxy-compounds studied this process is reversible, in case of the stilbene and cinnamic acid derivatives partially irreversible. The experimental results indicate that the photoinduced phase transition is caused by a trans-cis-isomerisation. For azo-compounds with more liquid crystalline phases also photoinduced transitions are possible between different liquid crystalline phases.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 58
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 226-230 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaction of 1-(2-Benzoxazolon-3-yl)-2-propanones with Hydrazinhydrate. The reaction of 1-(2-benzoxazolon-3-yl)-2-propanones 1a-g with hydrazinhydrate is studied. It is shown that according to the reactional conditions are obtained hydrazones 2a-b, azines 4a-b and 6-Methyl-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazine-3-ones 6a-g. The structure of the products is discussed on the base of i.r. and n.m.r.-spectras.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 59
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 127-130 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Darstellung und Reaktionen einiger 5-Chlorpyrazole
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  • 60
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 161-163 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Preparation of Aliphatic Diisocyanates without Using of PhosgeneDas Hauptausgangsmaterial für die Synthese des modernen Typs von Polyurethanlacken, die gegen das Licht widerstandsfähig sind, bilden die aliphatischen Diisocyanate [1-4]. Diese Verbindungen werden im größeren Maßstab durch Phosgenierung entsprechender Diamine gewonnen. Die Methode ist aber für Mensch und Umgebung gefährlich [5].
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  • 61
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 349-349 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 62
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: α-Substituted Phosphonates. XXXIV. Esterification and N-Formylation of α-Aminomethane-bisphosphonic Acids with TriethylorthoformateIn contrast to simple mono- and bisphosphonic acids esterification of dialkylaminomethanebisphosphonic acids with orthoformate (OAE) proceeds very slowly. Monoalkyl and monoarylaminomethanebisphosphonic acids, respectively react with OAE in constrast to analogous hydroxy compounds more readily primarily by formylating the N-atom and then esterification to formyl aminomethane bisphosphonictetraesters 10. Acetaminomethanephosphonic acid (12) reacts without N-formylation, while the aminomethanebisphosphonic acid (14) reacted to give a mixture of mono- and bis-formylated products 15 and 16. By acidic hydrolysis of 10 the ester- and formylgroups are splitt off, while the ester group can selectively be removed by reaction with Me3SiBr/H2O. - As shown by 1H-, 13C- and 31P-n.m.r. spectroscopy the phosphorylated formamides 10 exists in two rotameres, the ratio depending on the solvent. The n.m.r. signals could be correlated to E-resp. Z-form undoubtedly by using shift-agents or the benzene-diluting technique. A rotational barrier of 22,8 kcal for 10c could be calculated.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 63
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 379-386 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cyanic Acid Esters. 27. Triazino-benzimidazoles from 2-Amino-benzimidazole-1-imid-esters and Carbonyl Analogic CompoundsThe Cyclocondensation of 2-amino-benzimidazole-1-imid-esters with aldehydes, carbonic acid anhydrides and isocyanates has been investigated. With aldehydes in the presence of piperidine 4-aryloxy-1,2-dihydro-1,3,5-triazino[1,2-a]benzimidazoles 3 and with carbonic acid anhydrides 4-aryloxy-1,3,5-triazino[1,2-a]benzimidazoles 5 are formed. Isocyanates react with the imid esters to the corresponding 3-substituted ureas 8 which on heating undergo acyl migration of the carbamoyl group followed by cyclocondensation to 4-imino-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,3,5-triazino[1,2-a]benzimidazoles 12.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 64
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 65
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 415-419 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Short-Time Spectroscopic Investigations of Photochromic N-Substituted DinitrobenzylpyridinesBy means of nanosecond laser absorption spectroscopy of N-substituted photochromic dinitrobenzylpyridines is shown that in polar solvents the long wave absorbing polymethin coloured form forms independently on the electronic properties of the substituents at the pyridine nitrogen. The polymethin is formed either directly or via the nitronic acid immediately after irradiation by the laser impulse (20 ns). In nonpolar solvents, on the other hand, the polymethin is only produced if the substituent (e.g. in N-oxide 6) is able to bind the hydrogen splitted from the methylen group by photoreaction. If this is impossible (e.g. N-Methyl-compound 5) only absorption of nitronic acid occur.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 66
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 443-448 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cathodic Reduction of Ketene S,S-acetalsKetene S,S-acetals are reduced in protic media by the cleavage of one S-alkyl group. The resulting carbanion either may be protonated or reacts with the starting material to yield dimers. The effects of different substituents on the half-wave potentials and the rate constants of amination have been investigated.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 67
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photocatalytic Systems. XXI. On the Mechanism of the Photoreduction of Potassium Chromate in AlcoholsThe photolysis of crown ether complexes of potassium chromate in several alcohols has been investigated by e.s.r.-spectroscopy. Two different relatively long-lived Cr(V) intermediates formed by different reaction pathways have been observed. Radicalic oxidation products of the alcohols (alkoxy and hydroxyalkyl radicals as well as fragmentation products) and of the crown ether have been detected by spin trapping.
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  • 68
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 671-674 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Vilsmeier-Reaction on Dimedone.The Vilsmeier-reaction has been studied in detail for a special cyclic β-diketone, dimedone. It was shown, that the first step in this reaction is the formation of the corresponding β-chlorovinylketone. 3-Chloro-5,5-dimethyl-cyclohex-2-en-one-(1) 2, 2,4-dichloro-6,6-dimethyl-1-formyl-cyclohexa-1,3-diene 3 und 2,4-dichloro-1,5-diformyl-6,6-dimethyl-cyclohexa-1,4-diene 4 were isolated in equal parts. The symmetrical enolether 6 was identified as condensation-product of the diformylated compound 5.
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  • 69
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 683-690 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Koordinationsverbindungen des vierwertigen Siliziums mit stickstoff-, schwefel- und sauerstoffhaltigen Schiffschen Basen
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  • 70
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 704-704 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 71
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 741-746 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Stobbe-Kondensation von aromatischen Aldehyden mit DiethyldiglycollatPiperonal, p-Tolylaldehyd und p-Chlorbenzaldehyd kondensieren mit Diethyldiglycollat in Gegenwart von Natriumhydrid zu den entsprechenden Z-Halbestern 1 und den Diarylidendicarbonsäuren 2 und 3. Strukturen und Konfigurationen der Produkte wurden durch chemische und spektroskopische Methoden untersucht.
    Notes: Piperonal, p-tolualdehyde, and p-chlorobenzaldehyde condense with diethyl diglycollate in the presence of sodium hydride to give predominantly the corresponding (Z)-half-esters 1. together with smaller yields of the diarylidene diacids 2 and 3. The structure and configuration of the products was established by chemical and spectroscopic evidence.
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 721-740 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of Substance P and of Acylated Partial SequencesSubstance P undecapeptide has been synthesized by the stepwise procedure and via condensation of the fragments 1-4 and 5-11. Formation of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid- and S-tert. butyl peptides was observed. Gln(Mbh)-containing sequences have been synthesized but were not useful for fragment condensation due to there low solubility. Additionally, some derivatives have been prepared by acylation of the C-terminal pentapeptide. Reaction with trifluoracetic acid anhydride resulted in the formation of substituted 5-amino-oxazole derivatives as detected by mass spectrometric investigation.
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  • 73
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 769-774 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Halogenolipids. II. Problems of Synthesis and Mass Spectrometric Characterization of 2-O-acyl-3-halogeno-propane-1,2-diols3-Fluoro- and 3-chloro-2-O-palmitoyl-propane-1, 2-diol 2a, b were prepared by acylation of 3-fluoro- and 3-chloro-1-O-trityl-propane-1, 2-diol with palmitoyl chloride in pyridine and subsequent detritylation of the resulting 3-fluoro- and 3-chloro-2-O-palmitoyl-3-O-trityl-propane-1, 2-diol.3-chloro-1, 2-di-O-palmitoyl-propane-1, 2-diol was deacylated enzymatically using pancreas lipase to give 3-chloro-2-O-acylpropan-1, 2-diol 2b.2a and b both were unstable compounds which slightly isomerize  -  so under conditions of mass spectrometry  -  to give mixtures of 1- and 2-O-acyl-derivatives.
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  • 74
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 827-834 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of 2-Heterocyclidenamino-1, 3-diaza-trimethincyaninesThe synthesis of 2-[3-methyl-benzthiazol-(1, 3)-inylidene-(2)-amino]- and of substituted 2-[1, 3-dithiolyliden-(2)-amino]-1, 3-diaza-trimethincyanines is described. The heterocyclic imines 1 react with phosgene or thiophosgene to the corresponding ureas 2 and thiureas 3, respectively. Alkylation of 3 to the 2-alkylmercapto-1, 3-diaza-trimethincyanines 4 and subsequent condensation with imine 1 yields the dyes 5. The chemical and spectroscopical data of cyanines 5 are described.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 75
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 870-875 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthese von Heterocyelischen Spiroverbindungen
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  • 76
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 876-877 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A Simple Procedure to Prepare tert.-Butyllithium in High, Reproducible Yields
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  • 77
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Komplexe der o-(N-α-Pyrrolylimino)benzolsulfonsäure und 2-(N-α-Pyrrolylimino)ethansulfonsäure mit Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Pd(II), Cd(II), UO22+ und VO2+
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 712-720 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Heterocycles from Acrylonitrile. I. Reactions of 2-Cyano-aziridin with Ketones2-Cyano-aziridine 2 is stable towards water at room temperature, but yields aziridine-2-carbonamide 6 on addition of cyclohexanone. Hemiaminal 8 is shown by 13C-spectroscopy to be an intermediate in this reaction.In the absence of water the aminal-like compounds 10 and 11 are formed from 2-cyano-aziridin 2 and ketones.Above 100° 2 as well as 6 form the imidazolinone 12 on action of cyclohexanone by opening of the aziridine ring and formation of a methyl group.
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  • 79
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 131-133 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Substituenteneinflüsse auf Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten. VI. Kinetik der Kondensation substituierter Benzaldehyde mit Acetophenon und 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-propiophenon
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  • 80
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 327-330 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Solvent Dependence of the Barriers to Rotation about the C=C-Double Bond in Substituted Acrylates
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  • 81
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 345-348 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Kinetik der Epoxidierung von Allylbromid durch Wasserstoffperoxid in Gegenwart von Molybdänsäure
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  • 83
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 84
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quantum Chemical Study on Colour and Stereodynamics of Acyclic Azines. II. Influence of Twisted S0 Molecular Geometries on the Spectral Behaviour and the Photochromic Effect of Benz- and AnthraldazineOn the basis of quantum chemical calculations the influence of twisted molecular geometries on the spectral behaviour of (1E,3E)- and (1E,3Z)-isomers of benz- and anthraldazine has been investigated. It is possible to point out structural peculiarities in the S0 state and to explain the photochromic effect of the arylsubstituted acyclic azines.
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 475-487 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tetrathiafulvalenes. VIII. Ethylene-bridged Polymer TetrathiafulvalenesSyntheses and properties of ethylene-bridged polymer tetrathiafulvalenes are described. These polymers react with bromine, iodine or tetracyanoquinodimethane to form the radical cation salts, whose electrical conductivity are estimated by means of powder compactions. The polymer radical cation salts have a higher conductivity than the polymer TTF (σRT max. 10-5 Ω-1cm-1). The differences in the conductivity between polymer TTF-cationhalides and polymer TTF-TCNQ-salts are small.
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  • 86
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 516-518 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 5-Oxo-2-pyrroline aus Δβ,γ-Butenoliden
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  • 87
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Oxidative Coupling of CH-acid Compounds with p-Phenylene Diamines. III. Reactivity of 4-Substituted 3-Methyl-1-phenyl-pyrazolin-5-ones with N,N-Diethyl-quinone-(1,4)-diimineSubstitution products 2-28 of 3-methyl-1-phenyl-pyrazolin-5-one 1, with a wide variety of substituents in the 4-position, were synthesized. Most of these compounds react with N,N-diethyl-quinone-(1,4)-diimine by elimination of the substituent giving the same azomethine dye as that formed by oxidative coupling of the 4-unsubstituted compound. A study of the influence of side reactions by measurement of dye yields has been undertaken.
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  • 88
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 522-528 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 89
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 544-548 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cationic Grafting of Isobutene onto Chlorinated PolycyclopentadieneThe effect of reaction conditions on the cationic grafting of isobutene onto chlorinated polycyclopentadiene has been investigated, varying particularly temperature, solvent and coinitiator. The coinitiators used were Et3Al, Et2AlCl, Et3Al2Cl3, EtAlCl2, AlCl3 and SnCl4. The solvents used were methylenchloride and dichloroethane. The graft copolymers were characterized by conversion, extraction with n-pentane and GPC. Only Et3Al2Cl3, EtAlCl2 and AlCl3 let to a higher grafting efficiency.
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  • 90
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 570-578 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Gas Adsorption Chromatography of Higher Hydrocarbons. Determination of Normal Paraffins by Temperature-Programmed Segregation Gas Chromatography on 5A Molecular SieveA fast temperature program makes it possible to determine the normal paraffins up to C 20 in the concentration range between 0.1 and 99.9 percent (molecule type analysis). From the group peak of the normal paraffins we can obtain on line the distribution of the carbon numbers.As the normal paraffin selectivity of the molecular sieve S ≈ 1 can be assumed. Isoparaffin memory could not be detected.The new method makes it possible to perform analysis with great accuracy within three minutes or less. Connected to a computer it is excellently suitable for large series of samples.Under the standard conditions of this method only a little paraffin cracking has been found. Type and quantity of the cracked products proved to be independent of the chain length of the individual normal paraffin.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 91
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    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 353-360 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Furanderivatives. VII. O,O-Diethyl-2-[furyl-(2)- and 5-nitro-furyl-(2)] vinylphosphonatesSyntheses and spectroscopic properties (i.r., u.v., 1H-, and 13C-n.m.r.) of the title compounds existing as E-isomers with the general structure 1-8 (R5 = H, NO2; R = CN, COOEt, H, NMe2) are represented. According to spectroscopic data the compound 8 (R5 = NO2; R = NMe2) differs in its electronic structure.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 93
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    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 537-540 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Isosteric Heat of Adsorption of n-Butane on Zeolites NaX and NaYUsing the technique of measuring isosteres the equilibria of adsorption of n-butane on zeolites NaX and NaY were investigated. From the isosteres the heats of adsorption were calculated. Although the differences between the enthalpies are small the zeolithe with higher electrostatic field in the cavity always shows larger heats of adsorption. These differences are explained assuming an adsorption of the n-butane molecules at (or near) Na+-cations in SIII position (which are found only in NaX-zeolites).
    Notes: No abstract.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 94
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Structures and Isomerisation of the 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadducts of Dimethyl Maleate and Fumarate to 3-Pyrazolidone-azomethiniminesThe 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of dimethyl maleate 1b and fumarate 5b to the 3-pyrazolidone-azomethinimine 2 is a stereospecific cisoid reaction yielding the perhydropyrazolo[1,2-a] pyrazoles 3b/4b in the molar ratio of 2:1, and 6b/7b in the molar ratio 1:1. Starting with each of the 4 stereoisomers, epimerization, catalysed by alcoholate, results in all 4 of them 3b, 4b, 6b and 7b with 7b as sterically favoured main product. During the addition reaction no epimerization is occurring. 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. data are discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 95
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    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 601-604 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: On the Reaction of Bis-(dimethylglyoximato)-nickel(II) with HexamethyldisilazaneThe reaction of bis-(dimethylglyoximato)-nickel(II) with hexamethyldisilazane was investigated. Some reactions of the formed nickel(II) dimethylglyoximate are described.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 96
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Liquid Crystalline State as a Criterion in Determination of Structure. I. Crystalline Liquid Benzoic Acid and Thiobenzoic Acid Pyrimidinyl-(2)-estersThe acylation of subst. 1H-pyrimidinethiones-(2) 3 and 4, as well as of subst. 1H-pyrimidinones-(2) 7 is investigated. Due to the tautomeric equilibrium in the starting materials the reactions may lead to N-, S-, or O-esters. The liquid crystalline properties of the reaction products formed prove that S- and O-acylated esters 5, 6, and 8 had been formed only. Spectroscopic data confirm this.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 97
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Oxidative Coupling of CH-acid Compounds with p-Phenylenediamines. IV. Mass Spectrometric Investigations of 4-Substituted 1-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic-acid Derivatives.Mass spectrometric fragmentations of 4-substituted 1-hydroxy-N-3′, 5′-(dimethoxy-carbonyl)phenyl-2-naphthalene carboxamides and derivatives of 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid and 4-bromo-1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid have been determined. All compounds undergo a characteristic fragmentation. The most important primary process is amide cleavage and hydrogen rearrangement. The relation of the primary fragments which compete for the charge depends on the substituents of the active methylene group and of the amide. The mass spectra permit determination of structure, purity and stability of the substituted colour couplers.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 98
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    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 797-803 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaction of 2,3-Dichloromaleimides with Ethoxycarbonylmethylenetriphenylphosphorane and Secondary Reactions2, 3-Dichloromaleimide 1a reacts with ethoxycarbonylmethylenetriphenylphosphorane under alkenylation to give 3, 4-dichlor-5-ethoxycarbonylmethylidene-3-pyrrolin-2-one 2. With N-substituted 2, 3-Dichloromaleimides 1b-1f one chloroatom is substituted to give 2-(ethoxycarbonyltriphenylphosphoranyl)-methylene-3-chloro-maleinimides 3. The reactions of 2 and 3a with various nucleophiles are investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 99
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: On the Acylation of the Phosphoryl Oxygen. I. Acyloxyphosphonium Salts from HMPT and Carboxylic Acid DerivatesAcylation equilibria with participation of acyloxyphosphonium ions exist in solutions of HMPT and carboxylic chlorides, or anhydrides, respectively, as can be shown by 31P-n.m.r. after trapping the counter ion with SbCl5. Moderately stable acyloxyphosphonium salts have been isolated for the first time by acylation of HMPT. In the alternative reaction of (Me2N)3P with CCl4 and carboxylic acids, acyloxyphosphonium salts are formed only after prolonged reaction times, due to the stability of the intermediate chlorotris-(dimethylamino)-phosphonium ion.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 1-7 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Spectroscopical Investigations on N,N′-Disubstituted Dithiomalonamides and their Co(II)-ComplexesThe Co(II)-complexes of N,N′-disubstituted dithiomalonamides have been synthesized and characterized. Comparative uv/vis-, ir-, epr-, x-ray-, and n.m.r.-spectral studies of this complexes and of the dithiomalonamides suggest that their Co(II)-compounds are S4-coordinated square planar inner complexes (CoL2). The orbital splitting parameters Δ of these complexes have been calculated in the order of less than 20000 cm-1.For compounds CoL2 by this way the following spectrochemical series of the ligands results: dmma 〈 d clmma 〈 dnma 〈 d clpma 〈 dpma. All dithiomalonamides investigated in this work exist nearly complete in the dithion-form.
    Notes: Die spektrometrischen Untersuchungen in Lösungen belegen eindeutig die dominie-rende Rolle der Dithionform bei den Dithiomalonamiden, fur die Enthiol-thion-Form gibt es nur geringfügige, nicht eindeutige Hinweise bei einigen IR-Festkörperspektren.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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