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  • 1965-1969  (384)
  • 1890-1899
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (352)
  • Electron Microscopy  (32)
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  • 101
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Physiology of, an enzyme production by, plant cell cultures (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 1247-1254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Red kidney bean (Phascolus vulgaris) cells, derived from roof, callus, were grown in suspension culture in shake flasks and in laboratory fermentors using batch and continuous batch culture techniques. The medium contained casein hydrolysate, sucrose, inorganic salts, vitamins, and growth hormones. In continuous batch culture yields of up to 171 g wet weight, (8.5 g dry weight) per liter were obtained in 7 days. Organic nitrogen was used preferentially. Growth on nitrate was considerably slower than on organic nitrogen sources. Indole acetic and naphthalene acetic acids were not essential for good growth of the cells whereas kinetin and 2, 4-D were. The optimum pH for growth was about p11 4.5. The presence of amylase and peroxidase was detected in culture filtrates. Amylase activity was low in either the presence or the absence of starch in the medium. Peroxidase production could be related directly with growth of the culture. Maximum peroxidase yield, as measured by the guaiacol method and expressed as horse radish peroxidase, was 1.25 × 10-8 M.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110618
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  • 102
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110101
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  • 103
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Correlation of lags in the utilization of mixed sugars in continuous fermentation (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 99-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110108
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  • 104
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Studies on the relationship between specific growth rate and concentration of nitrogen source for heterogeneous microbial populations of sewage origin (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 67-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Batch experiments were run using heterogeneous populations to determine whether a hyperbolic equation of the type suggested by Monod could be used to depict the relation between specific growth rate, μ, and NH3-N concentration when ammonia N was the growth-limiting nutrient. The heterogeneous populations employed were developed from sewage seed grown on glucose at various levels of nitrogen and various dilution rates in completely mixed continuous flow reactors. It was found that the hyperbolic function could be used. Values of μm in the range of 0.4-0.7 hr-1 were observed, and values of Ks, in general, ranged from 1.5 to 4.0 mg/l. Variation in the values of these growth “constants” did not follow any discernible pattern related to past growth history (i.e., COD:N ratio or dilution rate at which the cells were previously grown).
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110106
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  • 105
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Regulation of nitrogen levels for heterogeneous populations of sewage origin grown in completely mixed reactors (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 79-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Heterogeneous populations of sewage origin were grown continuously at, dilution rates from 1/12 hr-1 to dilute-out (1/1 hr-1) using glucose (1000 mg/l) as carbon source and three concentrations of NH3-N as the nitrogen source (COD:N = 70:1, 40:1, and 25:1). The effects of nitrogen level and growth rate (dilution rate) on substrate removal, biological solids production, cellular carbohydrate and protein, and NH4+-N in the effluent were examined. It was found that the optimum level of nitrogen supplementation for the synthetic nitrogen-deficient waste employed should not be based solely on the desired effluent quality with respect to COD removal but should include due consideration of reactor detention time (or dilution rate) and the allowable (or desirable) level of nitrogen leakage in the effluent.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110107
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  • 106
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Application of continuous oxidative assimilation and endogenous protein synthesis to the treatment of carbohydrate wastes deficient in nitrogen (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 53-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A synthetic waste (with glucose as carbon source) devoid of a source of nitrogen was purified in a laboratory scale pilot plant by a new modification of the activated sludge process. The process makes use of a separate carbon assimilation (oxidative assimilation) phase and an endogenous phase in which ammonia is added to a portion of the settled sludge and non-nitrogenous products stored in the cells in the assimilation phase are converted to protein. It was found that sludge so treated, when recycled to the assimilation tank, could carry out continuous oxidative assimilation of the waste. Various COD:N ratios were studied. At the highest, 70:1, 90% purificaton efficiency was achieved.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110105
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  • 107
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Continuous enzymatic saccharification of cellulose with culture filtrates of trichoderma viride QM 6a.Paper presented at the 3rd International Fermentation Symposium, New Brunswick, New Jersey, September 3-6, 1968. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 239-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Continuous saccharification of Solka Floc (cellulose pulp) in single and four-vessel stirred-tank reactor systems has been possible employing enzymes obtained directly from submerged fermentation of Trichoderma viride QM 6a. Studies on the effect of modification of the solid substrate, enzyme stability, substrate concentration, and the influence of reducing sugar concentration on the rate of hydrolysis are reported. While susceptibility of substrate to digestion is not affected by heating alone, it is strikingly increased by heating plus grinding, or by grinding following heating. Batch and steady state continuous saccharification experiments have yielded more than 5% reducing sugar in the effluent with a dilution rate of 0.025 hr-1 at 50°C, at a substrate level of 10%. An average glucose concentration of 3.4% has been obtained in the effluent of a continuous saccharification using 5% substrate at the same dilution rate and temperature.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110208
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  • 108
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Growth potential of a variation of eagle's minimum essential medium for spinner cultures (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 263-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110209
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  • 109
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110301
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  • 110
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetics of fermentation processes (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 293-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Kinetic studies on fermentation processes were made and a general equation of production rate was newly presented applying the kinetic theory on mierobial cell growth which was reported previously by the authors.l,2 Equations for product concentration in fermentation time courses were derived by developing mathematically the general equation of production rate, and characteristic properties of fermentation processes were clarified. Some examples of fermentations were analyzed kinetically using the new kinetic theory. The calculated values of product, and cell concentrations were in good agreement with the observed values.
    Zusätzliches Material: 22 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110304
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  • 111
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Preparation and use of insolubilized amyloglucosidase for the production of sweet glucose liquors (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 349-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Amyloglucosidase (EC. 3.2.1.3), partially purified from an Aspergillus species, was chemically attached to DEAE cellulose using the bifunctional reagent 2-amino-4,6-dichloro-s-triazine. The action of the insolubilized enzyme derivative on dilute maltose and dextrin solutions was studied in a packed bed. A second and deeper bed was used to demonstrate the possibility of a continuous process for raising the dextrose; equivalents of “glucose” liquors of high concentration formed by acid hydrolysis of maize starch.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110307
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  • 112
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Changes in acid soluble nucleotide components of candida utilis during the cell cycle (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 1089-1098 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Acid soluble extracts obtained at 30 min intervals from cells of C. utilis growing in synchrony in a phased culture (cycle time 51/2 hr) were fractionated on a Dowex-1-formate column. The series of fractionation profiles showed changes in number and amounts of components over the cell cycle. Transient accumulations of numerous components over the complex pool were observed. The significance of the changes are discussed in relation to practical applications and cell metabolism.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110605
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  • 113
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    General papers from the third international fermentation symposium (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 1099-1099 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110606
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  • 114
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The role of polyketides in secondary metabolite production by penicillia (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 1135-1156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The participation of polyketides in the biogenesis of natural products has long been bolstered by chemical analogies. Many isotopic tracer studies have validated the acetate-polymalonate route, via presumptive extended poly-β-carbonyl intermediates, to a variety of fungal metabolites. Though implicit as antibiotic precursors, the ephemeral polyketides have not been isolated, nor perhaps with the exception of acetoacetate, can oligoketides become incorporated intact into secondary metabolites. However, a prototypical oligoketides in its stable lactone form, methyltriacetic lactone (3, 6-dimethyl-l-hydroxy-2-pyrone), has been obtained from the tropolone-producing mold P. Stipitatum. A convenient synthesis of this metabolite, by methylation of triacetic lactone followed by partition chromatographic separation of the resultant positional isomers, has been devised. In an experiment with 14C-formate, it was shown that the hypothetical, enzyme-bound polyketide precursor to methyltriacetic lactone is probably involved in stipitatie arid formation, and that the origin of the “extra” methyl or methyl-derived carbons of both substances arises from the identical “C1” pool. Radioactive tracer experiments concerning the biogenesis of pulvilloric acid, a fairly unstable antibiotic substance produced by P. Pulvillorum, showed that its exocyclic carboxyl is formed following initial methyl transfer, whereas the ring system of the molecule is essentially acetate-polymalonate derived. In order to test the hypothesis that methyl-branched C14 polyketide precursors to pulvilloric acid exist and may become integrated into the fatty acid multienzyme complex, presumptive fatty acid congeners to pulvilloric acid such as. 1-methylmyristie, 4-methyllauric, or 2-methyllauric acids were sought. These substances were, however, absent from the mycelial fatty acid spectrum, as well as from the fatty acid moieties of a crystalline glyceridc mixture obtained from the beer. Alternative approaches to the detection or isolation of polyketides are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110610
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  • 115
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Activation of the biosynthesis of carotenoids by Blakeslea trispora (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 1195-1210 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The research carried out by several scientists has made possible the industrial preparation of β-carotene by fermentation. A fungus, Blakeslea trispora, abundantly synthesizes carotenoids when its two opposite forms are cultivated together in a special fatty medium. When ionones or other natural substances are introduced into the culture, a very obvious increase in the biosynthesis of carotenoids, more specifically of β-carotene, is obtained.Our own work has shown that; (1) several synthetic products chemically related to β-ionone, such as 2,6,6-trimethyl-l-acetyleyelohexene, can advantageously replace either partially or totally the ionones as inductors of the biosysnthesis of β-carotene; (2) various nitrogen-containing substances when added to the culture medium can considerably enhance the biosysnthesis of carotenoids while sometimes very specically orienting it. Their action comes on top of that of the ionones or their substitutes; actually this action is unexplained.Thus certain amides, imides, lactams, hydrazides, or substituted pyradines, and in particular succinimide and isonicotinoylhydrazine, have produced a two or threefold increase in the quantity of β-carotene present in the culture media of Blackeslea trispora.Conversely some heterocyclic substances such as pyridine itself or imidazole totally inhibit the biosysnthesis of β-carotene but induce the production of very important quantities of lycopene.
    Zusätzliches Material: 18 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110614
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  • 116
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fermentation methods for protein enrichment of cassava (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 1271-1284 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110620
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  • 117
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetics of product inhibition in alcohol fermentation-temperature effect in the “sake” brewing (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 1285-1287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: One of the kinteic equations derived previously from a series of sophisticated batch and continuous alcohol fermentations by using a respiration-deficient mutant of baker's yeast is as follows: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {{dp} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{dp} {dt}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {dt}} = v_0 e^{ - k_2 p} \left[{{S \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {S {\left({K_s ^\prime + S} \right)}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\left({K_s ^\prime + S} \right)}}} \right]X $$\end{document} where dp/dt = ethanol production rate, v0 = specific rate of ethanol production at p = 0, k2 = empirical constant, K′s = saturation constant, S = glucose concentration, and X = cell mass concentration. The above equation was confirmed in the previous paper to fit, the brewing of “sake.”The temperature of the specific brewing is not always constant (10 to 18°C). The effect of temperature on v0 was assessed from the Arrhenius plot, assuming that k2 was independent of temperature. Values of dp/dt taken from the “sake” brewing data were rearranged, taking the temperature change into account. These datu, corrected for the temperature, were found to follow quite favorably the kinetic equation mentioned above. So far, a prediction of the ethanol production rate in practice was rectified to the extent of p = 19%.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110621
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  • 118
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetics of microbial oxidation of n-heptane. I. Characterization of the process (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 417-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Utilization of n-heptane by a Pseudomonad was studied in pilot-size butch cultures. Optimal pH and temperature were determined by a factorial design and a medium based upon mineral uptake rates was formulated. High cell yields were obtained by volatilizing heptane in the incoming air and thereby achieving good hydrocarbon dispersion. Hydrocarbon carried by effluent gases was recovered and recycled. In cultures where pH is not controlled, decrease in the electrolytic conductivity of the medium was found to be indicative of viable cells and was used in monitoring bacterial propagation. If not checked, increase in salinity in pH controlled cultures was found to affect cell production negatively. Viscosity changes were not very significant. Heptane to aqueous medium ratio was found to affect oxygen supply to the system due to higher dissolved oxygen concentrations associated with hydrocarbons.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110313
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  • 119
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fermentation of 1-hexadecene by Candida lipolytica (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 427-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Candida lipolytica, strain Phaff, was grown on 1.0% 1-hexadecene as sole source of carbon. Several oxidative intermediates were isolated and identified. Based on these intermediates two pathways are proposed for the degradation of the 1-alkene via the methyl group and the double bond. Subterminal oxidation of the 1-alkene was also indicated. Cell yield, lipid content, fatty acid profile and 1, 2-diol concentration are given for various rates of aeration during growth in a fermentor.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110314
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  • 120
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Regulation of biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. I. Biosynthesis of chlortetracycline and tricarboxylic acid cycle activity (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 539-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: In the course of submerged cultivation of low-production and industrial production strains of Streptomyces aureofaciens, the activity of enzymes of the tricurboxylic acid cycle was studied. The activities of citrate synthase (EC 4.1.3.7), aconitate hydratase (EC 4.2.1.3), isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.42), fumarate hydratase (EC 4.2.1.2), and malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) were estimated spectrophotometrically in cell-free preparations. In the growth phase, mainly the initial reactions of the cycle were active with both strains. In production-phase, the activities of enzymes in the low-production strain were 2-5 × higher than in the production strain. Benzylthioeyanate, at a concentration of 5 × l0-5M, stimulated chlortetracycline production of both strains with accompanying decrease in activity of the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The role of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in control of chlortetracycline biosynthesis is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110402
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  • 121
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Use of pH and pE measurements during methane biosynthesisPresented at the Third International Fermentation Symposium, Rutgers University, September 2-6, 1968. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 683-699 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Methane biosynthesis within the anaerobic ecosystem results from the diphasic conversion of complex organic substrates through a series of biologically mediated oxidation-reduction reactions which arc pH dependent. Routine parametric analysis of the products emanating from the corresponding acid and methane fermentation phases of the anaerobic digestion process provide a basis for determination of process condition and efficiency. Of these analyses, pH and electrode potential of pE are intensive parameters of considerable significance but for which interpretation is often difficult and misleading. Attention has been focussed on the analogy and distinction between pH and pE determinations and their application to the anaerobic ecosystem. Theoretical and practical limitations are discussed and experimental evidence presented which supports the possible use of pH and pE determinations for process evaluation and control.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110412
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  • 122
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The rheological effects of substrate-additives on fermentation yields (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 725-730 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110416
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  • 123
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The influence of growth conditions on the composition of some cell wall components of Aerobacter aerogenes (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 775-783 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: With a chemostat culture, both the bacterial growth rate and the growth environment can be independently varied between wide limits. Changing the growth rate of Aerobacter aerogenes organisms (in either a glycerol-limited medium or a Mg2+-limited medium) affected the bacterial cell wall content; invariably slow growing organisms were smaller than faster growing ones and had a higher cell wall/biomass ratio. Changing the growth rate also influenced the composition of the walls but in this respect glycerol-limited organisms and Mg2+-limited organisms behaved differently. Thus, whereas increasing the growth rate of glycerol-limited cultures caused the cell wall 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO) and heptose contents to increase progressively, with Mg2+-limited cultures they decreased. Furthermore, although KDO and heptose are both components of the lipopolysaccharide layer, their ratio varied with growth rate, and with the nature of the growth-limitation, indicating changes in the lipopolysaccharide composition. These results are discussed with particular reference to the influence of environment on cell wall content and composition, and the use of continuous culture for the production of bacterial vaccines.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110507
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  • 124
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Continuous phased culture - A technique for growing, analyzing, and using microbial cellsIssued as N.R.C. No. 10941. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 843-851 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Continuous phased growth produces a culture in which most of the cells in the population are in the same stage of their development. The cell, thereby amplified by the size of the synchronous population, may be examined in the phased culture at any desired growth rate. Changes taking place in the cell after the cell cycle, i.e., post-cycle changes, may be examined by a modification of the procedure. Further systematic applications of the method permit a rational approach to problems of cell growth and metabolism.The phasing technique recognizes the cells as the fundamental unit for experimental investigation, and offers a great potential in the analysis of the cell throughout its cycle, a relatively unexploited field in cell physiology and fermentation. Experiments with yeasts and bacteria illustrate some of the applications and progress made so far.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110510
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  • 125
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Homogeneous cultivation of animal cells for the production of virus and virus products (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 875-885 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Homogeneous technique facilitates the cultivation of large quantities of cells, reduces the risk of contamination by eliminating many manipulations, and makes practical the control of conditions such as pH and oxygen tension. Although most animal cells will not multiply in free suspension, certain cell lines have lost the requirement of being attached to a solid surface. These cells can be subcultured indefinitely but have some resemblance to cancer cells such as their abnormal karyotype. Certain cell linen developed from human embryonic tissue maintain their diploid character after repeated subculture and would seem to be ideal for the production of vaccines. However, strict regulations exist for viral products for human injection in that only cells taken from normal tissue and subcultured but once may be used.A microcarrier method in which cells adhere to DEAE-Sephadex beads permits a suspension culture which may be termed quasihomogeneous. The attached cells may be retained by sedimentation or by screening as the medium is replaced. Cell debirs from the original tissue is difficult to remove from microcarrier cultures; modifications of the trypsinization technique have alleviated but not solved this problem.Conditions for virus replication can be less critical than those for cell growth in that oxygen tension seems to have little influence on virus production. In cases where rate of virus production increases with specific growth rate of cells, homogeneous culture would have a advantage in maintaining a high cell mogeneous culture would have a valuble advantage in maintaining a high cell growth rate for a longer time. Some virus infections destroy cells, but others cause little change in cellular mteabolism except that virus is continually produced. The latter type can be conducted with a microcarrier in continuous culture with a virus titer exceeding 107 plaque forming units per milliliter for over 50 days with Rubella-infected BHK cells.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110513
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  • 126
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Funktionelle Bedeutung von SH-Gruppen in Membranen von lysosomalen Granula aus polymorphkernigen Rinderleukocyten (1968)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 261 (1968), S. 239-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): Leucocytes ; Lysosomes ; Enzymes ; Membrane Permeability ; Electron Microscopy ; Sulfhydryl Groups ; Leukocyten ; Lysosomen ; Enzyme ; Membranpermeabilität ; Elektronenmikroskopie ; Sulfhydrylgruppen
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Hg-haltige Sulfhydrylreagentien bewirken an isolierten lysosomalen Granula von polymorphkernigen Leukocyten des Rindes in Konzentrationen von 10−3–10−7 M/l Abnahme der optischen Dichte sowie Freisetzung von Kathepsin, saurer Phosphatase und basischen Polypeptiden. Elektronenoptisch kommt es nach Einwirkung von Mersalyl zur Vacuolisierung und Abnahme der elektronenoptischen Dichte der Matrix. Höhere Konzentrationen führen zur Ruptur der Granulamembran. Blockiert man in der Membran von intakten Granula 1 Mol SH pro 22000 g Granulaprotein mit p-Chlormercuribenzoat, so kommt es zur Erhöhung der Permeabilität der Partikel für Enzymproteine.
    Notizen: Summary A number of mercury sulfhydryl-reagents act on isolated lysosomal granules of bovine polymorphonuclear leucocytes in concentrations of 10−3 to 10−7 M/l to cause a decrease of optical density and the liberation of acid phosphatase, cathepsin and cationic polypeptides. Electron microscopy of isolated granules after treatment with mersalyl showed a decrease in electron density of the matrix and vacuolisation. Concentrations up to 10−3 M/l destroyed the particles and ruptured their membranes. The number of sulfhydryl groups was estimated at 1 Mol SH per 22000 g of granule protein. Blocking these groups with p-chlormercuribenzoate causes an increase in membrane permeability for enzymes of the lysosomal particles.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00536988
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  • 127
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Die Wirkung von Melittin auf isolierte lysosomale Granula und polymorphkernige Leukocyten in vitro (1968)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 261 (1968), S. 118-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): Lysosomes ; Leucocytes ; Enzymes ; Melittin ; Membrane Permeability ; Electron Microscopy ; Lysosomen ; Leukocyten ; Enzyme ; Melittin ; Membranpermeabilität ; Elektronenmikroskopie
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Das basische Polypeptid Melittin bewirkt die Freisetzung von β-Glucuronidase, Kathepsin, saurer Phosphatase und alkalischer Phosphatase aus isolierten lysosomalen Granula polymorphkerniger neutrophiler Leukocyten und aus intakten Leukocyten vom Rind. An polymorphkernigen Leukocyten setzt Melittin außerdem Lactat-Dehydrogenase und Glutamat-Pyruvat-Transaminase frei. Das mitochondriale Enzym (GPT) wird zeitlich später solubilisiert als Kathepsin. Elektronenoptisch zeigen isolierte Granula nach Einwirkung von Melittin Verringerung des Durchmessers, Verdichtung der Matrix und Membranbrüche. Intakte Zellen werden degranuliert. Es kommt zur Auflösung lysosomaler Granula in cytoplasmatischen Vacuolen. Ein Mastzellen-lysierendes Polypeptid aus Bienengift war in Konzentrationen bis zu 2 · 10−5 M/l an isolierten Granula unwirksam. Mit Hilfe der Änderung der Lichtdurchlässigkeit von Granulasuspensionen wurden andere basische Polymere auf ihre membranschädigende Wirkung untersucht. Ihre Wirkungsstärke war von der Basizität und der Kettenlänge abhängig.
    Notizen: Summary The cationic polypeptide Melittin effects the liberation of acid and alkaline phosphatase, β-glucuronidase and cathepsin from isolated lysosomal granules of polymorphonuclear neutrophilic bovine leucocytes as well as from intact leucocytes. In addition Melittin releases LDH and Glutamate-Pyruvate-Transaminase. The mitochondrial enzyme (GPT) is solubilized later than cathepsin. Electron microscopy of isolated granules, after treatment with Melittin shows a reduction of their diameter, an increase in density of the matrix and membrane fractures. Intact cells are degranulated and there occurs a lysis of lysosomal granules in cytoplasmic vacuoles. Another mast cell-degranulating polypeptide from bee venom in concentrations up to 2×10−5 M/l was ineffective on isolated granules. Other cationic polymers were studied with regard to their membrane-damaging effect by means of changes in optical density of suspended granules. The intensity of their effect was dependent on the number of cationic charges and on chain length.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00536782
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  • 128
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A case of juvenile lipidosis: Electron microscopic, histochemical and biochemical studies (1968)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 11 (1968), S. 122-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Juvenile Lipidosis ; Electron Microscopy ; Histochemistry ; Biochemistry ; Granular Lipid Inclusions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Elektronenmikroskopische, histochemische und biochemische Untersuchungen eines Falles von juveniler Lipidose werden mitgeteilt. Die neuronalen Einschlüsse sind zumeist von einer unit membrane umgeben und zeigen fingerabdruckähnliche Muster. Membranovesiculäre Körperchen finden sich ebenfalls in den Nervenzellperikaryen; typische granuläre Lipofuscinkörperchen werden aber nicht gesehen. Die Astrocyten der Rinde enthalten eine ähnliche Art von Einschlüssen, von denen aber die Einschlüsse in den Astrocyten der Marksubstanz völlig verschieden sind. Die Lokalisation der Aktivität von saurer Phosphatase in allen Einschlußtypen läßt an ihre mögliche lysosomale Natur denken. Die biochemische Analyse deckt keine spezifischen Abweichungen auf.
    Notizen: Summary Electron microscopic, histochemical and biochemical studies of a case of juvenile lipidosis have been presented. The neuronal inclusions were mostly unit membranebound with fingerprint-like patterns. Membrano-vesicular bodies were also found in the neuronal perikarya, but “typical” granular lipofuscin bodies were not seen. Cortical astrocytes contained a similar type of inclusion but the inclusions in the astrocytes in the white matter were quite different. The localization of acid phosphatase activity in all types of inclusions suggests their possible lysosomal nature. Biochemical analysis failed to pin-point any specific abnormalities.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690216
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  • 129
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Histochemical and electron microscopic observations on “onion bulb” formations in a case of hypertrophic neuritis of 25 years duration with onset in childhood (1968)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 11 (1968), S. 157-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Hypertrophic Neuritis ; Onion Bulb Structures ; Electron Microscopy ; Segmental Demyelination ; Schwann Cell Lesion
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Histochemische und elektronenoptische Befunde eines Patienten mit hypertrophischer Neuritis von 25 Jahren Dauer mit Beginn der Erkrankung in der Kindheit werden mitgeteilt. Die erhobenen Befunde sowie andere jüngste Beobachtungen bilden die Grundlage einer Diskussion der verschiedenen pathogenetischen Hypothesen der “Zwiebelschalen”-Strukturen in den Nerven von Patienten mit hypertrophischer Neuritis. Die Zwiebelschalenbildung wird als unspezifische Manifestation einer chronischen segmentalen Entmarkung infolge primärer oder erworbener Anomalie der Schwann-Zellen interpretiert.
    Notizen: Summary Histochemical and electron microscopic data are presented from a patient with hypertrophic neuritis of 25 years duration with onset in childhood. The present observations and those of recent investigators form the basis of a discussion of various pathogenetic hypotheses for “onion bulb” structures in the nerves from patients with hypertrophic neuritis. It is concluded that the onion bulb lesion is a nonspecific manifestation of chronic segmental demyelinization resulting from a primary or acquired abnormality of Schwann cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690218
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  • 130
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Histochemische und ultrastrukturelle Frühveränderungen des Meerschweinchengehirns nach Bestrahlung mit 17 MeV-Betastrahlen (1968)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 11 (1968), S. 338-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Beta Irradiation ; Initial Brain Lesions ; Histochemistry ; Electron Microscopy ; Mucoproteid Globuli
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die Köpfe von insgesamt 17 Meerschweinchen beiderlei Geschlechts wurden mit 17 MeV-Betastrahlen homogen bestrahlt. Die Einzeitbestrahlungen erfolgten mit Dosiswerten von 500–5000 R und einer Dosisleistung von 100 R pro Minute. Sämtliche Tiere wurden 24 Std nach der Bestrahlung getötet. Durch PAS- und Astrablau-Reaktionen konnten Globuli, die Mucoproteide und saure Mucopolysaccharide enthalten und vorzugsweise in der weißen Substanz vorkommen, nachgewiesen werden. Die regionäre Verteilung ist von der Dosierung abhängig. Von 2000 R an finden sich in der marknahen Großhirnrinde und Medulla oblongata geschrumpfte und nekrotische Ganglienzellen. Ebenso verhalten sich die Purkinje-Zellen. Diese Veränderungen werden im ultrastrukturellen Bereich bestätigt. Das Ödem findet sich in den Astrocyten; der extracelluläre Raum der grauen Substanz des Cortex ist nicht erweitert.
    Notizen: Summary The heads of 17 guinea pigs of both sexes were irradiated homogenously by 7 MeV-beta irradiation. The dosage of the one-time irradiation was 500–5000 R with a dosage of 100 R/minute. All the animals were killed 24 hrs after the irradiation. By means of PAS- and Astrablue reactions globuli containing mucoproteids and acid mucopolysaccharides could be detected mainly in the white matter. Their regional pattern depends on the dosage. Beginning from 2000 R, shrinked and necrotic nerve cells are seen in the deep cerebral cortex and medulla oblongata. Similar lesions are seen in the Purkinje cells. These lesions are confirmed by ultrastructural findings. Edema is found in astrocytes. The extracellular spaces of the cortical gray matter are not enlarged.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686730
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  • 131
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fine structure of the Pick and Hirano bodies in a case of Pick's disease (1968)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 11 (1968), S. 330-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Pick's Disease ; Pick Bodies ; Hirano Bodies ; Electron Microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Hirngewebe eines Falles von Pickscher Krankheit wurde licht-und elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Intraneuronale argentophile Picksche Körper wurden am zahlreichsten in den Pyramidenzellen des Hippocampus gefunden. Elektronenoptisch bestanden die Einschlußkörper aus einer Zusammenballung von körnigen Gebilden, die in einem unregelmäßigen Netz von vermehrten Neurofilamenten verstreut lagen. Viele eosinophile Hiranosche Körper fanden sich in nächster Nachbarschaft von Nervenzellen. Diese Körper bestanden aus verflochtenen Schichten von geperlten oder glatten Filamenten. Die mögliche Lokalisation der Hiranoschen Körper innerhalb von degenerierenden Axonendigungen wird diskutiert.
    Notizen: Summary Brain tissue from an autopsied case of Pick's disease was studied by light and electron microscopy. Intraneuronal argentophilic Pick bodies were most numerous in the pyramidal cells of the hippocampus. By electron microscopy, these inclusions consisted of a conglomeration of granules enmeshed in an irregular network of proliferated neurofilaments. There were also multiple eosinophilic juxtaneuronal structures (Hirano bodies). By electron microscopy these consisted of interwoven sheaves of beaded and continuous filaments. The possible location of the Hirano bodies within degenerating axonal terminals is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686729
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  • 132
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Electron microscopy in human hepatic encephalopathy (1968)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 11 (1968), S. 82-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Electron Microscopy ; Lenticular Nucleus ; Coma Hepaticum ; Astrocytes ; Lipopigment, Astroglial
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Elektronenmikroskopische Autopsieuntersuchung des Linsenkernes von 2 menschlichen Fällen, die im Leberkoma starben. Als Veränderungen fanden sich Schwellung und Vakuolisierung der Astrocyten. Außerdem waren Lipofuscin- und Lipid-ähnliche Substanzen in den gleichen Zellen vermehrt vorhanden. An den Markfasern, Neuronen und kleinen Blutgefäßen fanden sich keine Veränderungen.
    Notizen: Summary Electron microscopic post mortem examination of the lenticular nuclei of two human cases who died in hepatogenic coma is reported. Lesions were found to be swelling and vacuolation of astrocytes. In addition an excess of lipofuscin and lipid like substances were present in the same cells. No changes were found in myelinated fibres, neurons and small blood vessels.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692797
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  • 133
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hypertrophic changes in diabetic neuropathy (1968)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 11 (1968), S. 93-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Diabetic Neuropathy ; Hypertrophic Changes ; Nerve Biopsy ; Electron Microscopy ; Segmental Demyelination
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Beobachtungen an Nervenbiopsien bei 10 aufeinanderfolgenden Patienten mit diabetischer Neuropathie wurden unternommen. 1 Patient wies die für eine hypertrophische Neuropathie typischen licht-und elektronenmikroskopischen Veränderungen auf. 5 zeigten typische hypertrophische Veränderungen, die aber nur bei elektronenmikroskopischer Untersuchung sichtbar waren; bei weiteren wurden ähnliche geringe Veränderungen entdeckt. Es wird angenommen, daß diese Veränderungen durch segmentale Demyelinisation verursacht wurden.
    Notizen: Summary Observations have been made on 10 consecutive nerve biopsies from patients with diabetic neuropathy. 1 patient showed the typical appearances of hypertrophic neuropathy on light and electron microscopy. 5 displayed typical hypertrophic changes visible only on electron microscopy and minor abnormalities of a similar nature were seen in 2 others. It was considered that they were likely to have resulted from recurrent segmental demyelination.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690213
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  • 134
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Microflotation: Coagulation and foam separation of aerobacter aerogenes (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 89-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The foam separation technique of microflotation was studied using A. aerogenes as the test organisms. Gas flow rate, collector and alum (when used) concentrations, and frother dose were held constant. In contrast to E. coli, previously reported, A. aerogenes are removed using both lauric acid and laurylamine as the collectors without prior coagulation with alum. The removals are improved after coagulation, with laurylamine being the more efficient collector. In all cases the removals decrease upon increasing the pH above about 8.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100108
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  • 135
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Studies on ventilation of culture broths. I. Behavior of CO2 in model systems (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 133-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The rate of dissolution and dehydration of CO2 in a liquid model system was investigated. Components in the model system established the main conditions which may exist, in the extracellular space of a microbiological culture liquid. The charge in voltage of a glass electrode was measured which indicated the formation of H+ ions in the H2CO3 ⇌ HCO3- H+ reaction. The rate of CO2 hydration increased with the increase of temperature from 0 to 40°C. Likewise the equilibrium of the reaction was shifted towards the forward reaction. Similar results were observed when the tip velocity of the impeller was increased. Data suggest that agitation promotes the dissolution of CO2 in the culture liquid through the reduction of gas-liquid film resistance in the diffusion of this gas. The rate of hydration of CO2 into the bulk of the liquid was independent of pCO2 above the surface of the liquid but depended on pCO2 in the gas bubble within the liquid. The concentration of HCO3- was, furthermore, influenced by the buffer components, buffer capacity, and the viscosity of the system. Since pCO2 and the HCO3- concentration in the extracellular space depend on both physical and chemical factors, the ventilation of a culture liquid necessitates both exhaust of CO2 from the gas bubbles of the culture broth and shift of the H2CO3 ⇌ HCO3- + H+ reaction towards the backward direction.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100203
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  • 136
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dynamic determination of the thermal characteristics of fermentation tanks (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 233-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A method for the determination of total heat generation in a fermentation tank and overall heat-transfer coefficient at the cooling surface is outlined. These data, which are essential for the design of cooling systems, are measured during the actual fermentation by dynamic analysis of controlled temperature variations. Each experiment consists of two stages: one in which cooling is cut off, and one in which cooling is constant. The necessary temperature variation is so limited that, the course of the fermentation is not affected.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100209
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  • 137
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mathematical representation of batch culture dataPaper presented at the 154th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Chicago, Illinois, September, 1967. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 205-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A generalized logistic equation is proposed for the mathematical representation of batch culture kinetic data. Properties of the equation are discussed. A computer program is used to fit the generalized equation to both artificial and actual batch culture data. The equation is shown to be capable of fitting data exhibiting lag, exponential, deceleration, stationary, and death phases, as well as diauxic growth. The fitted equation is useful for differentiation, interpolation, and other manipulations of the data, and it is a convenient means of data storage.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100208
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  • 138
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diffusion chamber for microbiological work (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 252-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100213
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  • 139
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100101
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  • 140
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cultivation of the yeast candida lipolytica on hydrocarbons. I. Degradation of n-alkanes in batch fermentation of gas oil (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 33-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The growth of batch-cultivated yeast Candida lipolytica on three kinds of gas oil using mineral medium was studied. A linear dependence was found between the production of yeast biomass and the consumption of n-alkanes, while the decrease of freezing point of gas oil during cultivation had a distinct course. This disproportion was explained by different degradation of individual n-alkanes contained in gas oil. The rate of degradation of pentadecane, hexadecane, and heptadecane was the same during the entire cultivation. On the contrary, in the first phase the utilization of shorter chain n-alkanes, nonane to tetradecane, was more rapid while that of longer chain homologs, octadecane to pentacosane, lagged. Rapid utilization of longer chain n-alkanes did not occur before the concentration of the other n-alkanes decreased. Only then the rapid decrease of freezing point appeared.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100103
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  • 141
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The role of aeration and agitation in the production of glucose oxidase in submerged culture (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 45-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The influence of agitation and aeration on growth and on production of glucose oxidase of Asp. niger has been studied. It was found that both rate of growth and glucose oxidase production was higher at an agitation speed of 700 rpm than at 460 rpm. Further increase in speed of agitation resulted in neither a higher rate of growth nor a higher glucose oxidase activity. Total glucose oxidase activity was highest in a medium containing 5% sugar (at an agitation speed of 700 rpm) and did not get higher when the sugar concentration of the medium was increased to 7%. When pure oxygen was bubbled through the culture the rate of growth of the culture (in the linear phase) was 95 mg. mycelial dry wt./100 ml./hr., and only 61 mg. when air was applied. The glucose oxidase activity of oxygenated culture was double the activity of aerated culture. Viscosity of the homogenized culture became higher with higher concentration of mycelia. The viscosity of oxygenated culture was found to be lower than that of aerated culture.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100104
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  • 142
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Vortex behavior in the waldhof fermentor (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 177-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: This is the first part of a systematic study on the mechanisms of the Waldhof fermentor. When an agitator is rotating in a liquid, a vortex will develop on the surface. Air is dispersed into the liquid when the vortex is deep enough to reach the agitator. This is the basic mechanism of air dispersion in a Waldhof fermentor. In this work, experimental results, empirical correlations, and theoretical equations were obtained to relate the vortex depth to a number of physical factors including agitator diameter, agitator speed, tank diameter, liquid depth, liquid viscosity, and so on. The vortex depth was found a function of both Reynolds number and Froude Number.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100206
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  • 143
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stripping in sparged fermentation systems. III. The acetic acid-water system (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 243-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100211
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  • 144
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A fraction collector for large-volume chromatograph separations (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 681-683 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100513
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  • 145
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A new method for removal of inhibitory fermentation products (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 689-692 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100515
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  • 146
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A mathematical model for the continuous culture of microorganisms utilizing inhibitory substrates (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 707-723 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A mathematical model is presented for both batch and continuous cultures of microorganisms utilizing inhibitory substrates. The key feature of the model is the use of a inhibition function to relate substrate concentration and specific growth rate. Simulation studies show that the primary result of inhibition by substrate in a batch culture is an increase in the lag time whereas in continuous culture inhibition by substrate may result in process instability. The model should be of value in investigations of the stability of biological processes used for the treatment of certain industrial wastes such as those containing phenols, thiocyanates, nitrates, ammonia, volatile acids, etc., which are known to be inhibitory to many of the organisms metabolizing them.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100602
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  • 147
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Continuous cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. II. Growth on ethanol under transient-state conditions (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 787-800 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae LBG H 1022 on ethanol under transient-state conditions was studied. As a cultivation device, an aerated Chemap fermentor combined with continuously working gas analyzers for oxygen and carbon dioxide was used. Yeast cell dry matter, substrate concentration, specific oxygen uptake, specific carbon dioxide release, and respiration quotient were measured during the different transient states. Depending on which range of the dilution rate the initial steady state was found, we obtain different responses to the shift experiment. For the lower range, up to D = 0.07, we deal with damped oscillations ranging above and below the steady-state values. For the higher specific growth rates, the rate of damping is strongly enhanced and the shape of the curves becomes an asymptotic approach to the final steady states.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100606
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  • 148
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An interfacial kinetics model for hydrocarbons oxidation (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 891-894 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100613
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  • 149
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Growth of mouse fibroblast-like cells in an autoclavable medium (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 61-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A relatively simple, autoclavable medium was developed that would support the growth of the mouse fibroblast (MFL) cell line in suspension culture. This medium was prepared in three stages with decreasing quantities of serum. As the serum was reduced from 5% to none, the amount of Bacto-Peptone was increased from none to 0.5%. The reduction and finally elimination of serum did not affect proliferation adversely, but actually seemed to produce more rapid growth and higher levels of cell population.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100105
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  • 150
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A mathematical model for the batch reactor kinetics of algae growth (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 83-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A mathematical model based on the Einstein law of photochemical equivalence is proposed to describe the batch growth of unicellular algae. The model was applied in an integrated form to cell concentration versus growth time data taken over an extended range of cell concentrations which include both the regions of “exponential” and “linear” growth. It is shown that a certain function of cell concentration contained in the integrated form of the model is linearly dependent on the growth time over both the “exponential” and “linear” growth regions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100107
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  • 151
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Toxic and inflammatory properties of two antibiotics: Muconomycin A and B (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 457-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Toxicological investigations were conducted on two new antibiotics, Muconomycin A and Muconomycin B. These non-nitrogenous antibiotics were found to be highly toxic and capable of inducing profound inflammation in the peritoneal cavity of male albino rats. Either antibiotic produced large volumes (10-20 ml) of inflammatory exudate even when injected intraperitoneally in quantities of 1.6 × 10-10 moles. An extensive profile of the electrolytes and proteins found in inflammatory exudates was developed. Simultaneous assays of the blood serum of treated rats provided a basis for comparing the concentrations of constituents of serum with those of the exudate. The results of these assays showed that the exudate contained lower concentrations of sodium and proteins, and greater amounts of potassium, calcium, and phosphorus than the serum. Chloride ion concentrations were variable. Since previous work showed that one of the manifestations of toxicity of these substances was the production of creatinuria, further studies were carried out with ATP/Creatine Phosphotransferase. These studies show that these antibiotics are potent in vitro inhibitors of the enzyme ATP/Creatine Phosphotransferase.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100406
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  • 152
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis of guanosine and its derivatives from AICA-riboside (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 303-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A novel and convenient method for the synthesis of guanosine is described. The reaction of AICA-riboside with sodium methylxanthate gave 2-mercaptoinosine in almost quantitative yield. The latter was oxidized with hydrogen peroxide to afford inosine-2-sulfonic acids, which was readily animated to give guanosine in excellent yield. Similarly, the preparation of N2-methylguanosine and N2,N2-dimethylguanosine, minor constituents of transfer RNA, was also accomplished. Furthermore, this procedure was extended to the synthesis of 2′,3′-O-isopropylideneguanosine and the isopropylidene derivatives of various N2-substituted guanosines from 2′,3′-O-isopropylidene-AICA-riboside. Guanosine via 2′,3′-O-isopropylideneguanosine was successfully phosphorylated to give 5′-guanylic acid.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100306
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  • 153
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Continuous flow cultures of a HeLa cell line as a basis for a steady supply of Rubella virusThis study was performed at the Swedish Medical Research Council Unit for Bacteriological Bioengineering (Head: Professor C.-G. Hedén) and was supported by grants from the Swedish Medical Research Council and Malmfonden. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 373-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A HeLa cell line was propagated in semicontinuous suspension culture, 85 liters final volume, and in continuous flow culture with a volume of 300 ml. or 5 liters in an autoclavable medium to which 8% calf serum had been added. A medium containing 0.1% Methocel and 2% calf serum was also tested. Maximum productivity was obtained at a dilution rate of 0.33 day-1 with a cell density of about 1.0 × 106 cells/ml. The same cell line was also infected with Rubella virus and the production of virus was followed at the 5-liter cultivation level.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100310
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  • 154
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Transient response of continuous cultures to changes in temperature (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 385-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The purpose of this experimental study was to examine the transient response of a chemostat-type continuous culture of Escherichia coli B to step changes in temperature by following transient limiting substrate concentration and calculating from it the transient growth rate. The transient response to step changes of temperature was tested for four different situations. In the first two cases, temperature was shifted down from 37 to 27°C., and 37 to 32°C. In the last two, it was shifted up from 32 to 37°C., and 27 to 37°C. When the temperature was shifted up, the growth rate increased rather rapidly to its transient maximum value and then decreased slowly until it, settled back into the steady-state value. On the other hand, when the temperature was shifted down, the growth rate decreased relatively rapidly to its transient minimum and then it slowly increased and returned gradually to the steady-state value. The magnitude of the transients was less than would be expected if the transient growth rates followed an Arrhenius function.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100311
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  • 155
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Equipment for the recovery of precipitates from tubular centrifuges (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 684-688 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Equipment has been developed for the recovery of precipitates from rotors of industrial tubular centrifuges. A double piston is described for nonaseptic discharge of precipitates through the outlet holes of the clarifier rotor. For the aseptic resuspension or dissolving of valuable precipitates a closed-circulation system has been developed, which is applied without opening of the clarifier rotor.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100514
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  • 156
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetics of product inhibition in alcohol fermentation (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 845-864 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The inhibitory effect of ethanol concentration p in a medium on the specific rates of growth μ and ethanol production ν of a specific strain of baker's yeast was studied in a chemostat, where except for ethanol as the product, only the concentration of glucose S was controlled to limit the metabolic activity of the yeast. This was designed to supplement the previous findings from the batch experiment, in which ethanol was added artificially and no substrate components were limiting the metabolism of the same yeast, that μ = μ0e-k1p and ν = ν0e-k2p, where k1 and k2 are empirical constants and subscript the 0 denotes respective values at p = 0. The effects of p on the values of μ and ν were confirmed by the Lineweaver-Burk plot to belong to noncompetitive inhibition. The formulas here for μ and ν as affected by p, if extrapolated to the case of no limiting substrates, were in good agreement in respective forms with those derived previously from the batch experiment, though the values of corresponding coefficients in these formulas were different. The differential equations for μ and ν as functions of both p and S and, in addition for the rate of glucose consumption as correlated by the yield factors either with the cell growth rate or the rate of ethanol production, were solved properly with a digital computer. A kinetic, pattern calculated so far was discussed with reference to the data obtained in the batch experiment and those relevant to actual “sake” brewing.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100610
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  • 157
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Frequency response analysis of dilution rate effects on yeast growth (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 99-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100109
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  • 158
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetics of microbial cell growth (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 105-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: As a rate equation of microbial cell growth, the Monod equation is widely used. However, this equation cannot fully correspond to real courses of microbial cell growth in many batch cultivations. Especially, predicted values based on this equation do not agree with observed values in many continuous cultivations. In this paper, which introduces new concepts of critical concentration and coefficient of consumption activity, the growth rate equation which corresponds to the whole period including lag period is newly derived and characteristics of microbial cell growth in batch cultivation are clarified. Further, applying the new rate equation to continuous cultivation, a general equation with which to calculate cell concentration is derived and characteristics of microbial cell growth in continuous cultivation are clarified. The calculated values of cell concentration based on the new theory showed quite good agreement with the observed values in both batch and continuous cultivation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 21 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100202
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  • 159
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New directions in the production of vaccines (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 669-675 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: New trends and developments in vaccines emphasized the growing need for safety tests of increased complexity, rather than a need for ultrasophisticated and complex devices. The Vaccine Development Branch of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, operating with an annual budget of $6,000,000 has the task of expediting the collaborative efforts of 50 laboratories for developing, producing, and testing experimental vaccine lots. Rubella has a major priority; other priorities are assigned to respiratory syncytial, parainfluenza, adenoviruses, influenza, and rhinoviruses, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. To accomplish this requires a very expensive and complex program involving rapid information exchange and increased emphasis on safety testing with regard to extraneous viruses and the oncogenic potential of the vaccines. The latter need resulted from such experience as that with the Salk vaccine and the tumorproducing potential of some adenoviruses. Electron microscopy has been useful in discovering possible viral contaminants. Of all material produced for experimental work, from 65 to 70% is used for safety tests.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100511
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  • 160
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A description and working recommendation for using a modified galvanic cell oxygen electrode (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 693-697 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100516
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  • 161
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetics of gas diffusion in mammalian cell culture systems. I. Experimental (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 725-740 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: It has been demonstrated experimentally that the thickness of fluid overlay in conventional tissue culture systems limits the oxygen available to mammalian cells growing as a submerged monolayer. A rocker culture system is described which circumvents critical problems associated with thin film culture while permitting nearly unlimited access of oxygen to the cell monolayer. Good growth of primary hepatic cells as isolated sheets has been obtained.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100603
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  • 162
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The cultivation of animal cells at controlled dissolved oxygen partial pressure (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 801-814 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A 3-liter culture vessel has been developed for the growth of animal cells in suspension at controlled pH and dissolved oxygen partial pressure (pO2). The culture technique allows metabolically produced CO2 to be measured; provision can be made to control the dissolved CO2 partial pressure. In cultures containing a low serum concentration, gas sparging to control pO2 was found to cause cell damage. This could be prevented by increasing the serum concentration to 10%, or by adding 0.02% of the surface-active polymer Pluronic F68. The growth of mouse LS cells in batch culture without pO2 control was found to be limited by the availability of oxygen. Maximum viable cell populations were obtained when dissolved pO2 was controlled at values within the range 40-100 mm Hg.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100607
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  • 163
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100201
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  • 164
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The preparation of rat-liver mitochondria by conventional differential centrifugation and by zonal Centrifugation, after various disruption procedures: A comparative study (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 321-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Rat liver was subjected to three different, disruption procedures (homogenization, explosive decompression, and Chaikoff press) and mitochondria were subsequently isolated by conventional differential Centrifugation and by zonal Centrifugation. The properties of these mitochondria were investigated by polarographic measurement of oxygen uptake and they were examined by electron microscopy. All three methods of disruption gave mitochondria which showed respiratory control. Nitrogen cavitation gave the most reproducible conditions for cell breakage and zonal Centrifugation gave good separation of subcellular organdies in extracts produced by this method. Some separation of the heterogenous mitochondrial populations was achieved by zonal Centrifugation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100307
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  • 165
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Transport of bacteriological specimen (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 399-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100312
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  • 166
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Slaframine: A parasympathomimetric from Rhizoctonia leguminicolaThis paper, as well as the five papers following, were presented at the Symposium on Pharmacologically Active Substances from Fermentations, Division of Microbial Chemistry and Technology, 154th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Chicago, Illinois, September 14, 1967. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 403-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: An interesting cholinergic compound has been isolated from the fungus Rhizoctonia leguminicola grown on extracts of red clover hay. The compound was characterized as 1-acetoxy-8-aminooctahydroindolizidine and given the name “slaframine.” It has been shown that slaframine is not the active compound but is converted to the active metabolite by liver microsomal enzymes. Physiological studies with slaframine point out that it is a potent stimulator of exocrine glands. In addition, its long duration of action and low toxicity suggest that it may have therapeutic value. Preliminary data suggest that slaframine is a potent stimulator of pancreatic activity, and its long duration of action results in a stimulation of protein synthesis by the gland.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100402
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  • 167
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Production of fatty acids and lipid by a Candida sp. growing on a fraction of n-alkanes predominating in tridecane (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 511-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A Candida sp. was grown on a fraction of n-alkanes (dodecane 22%, tridecane 48%, tetradecane 28%) as sole carbon source. The growth rate was increased most markedly by using high concentrations of n-alkanes (16.7% v/v). When grown in a 5 liter fermentor, the yeast reached its highest yield (60 g. of cell dry wt/l) with a concomitant high yield of fatty acids (21 g of fatty acids/l), by using a nitrogen-deficient medium. To achieve good growth, it was essential to use an inoculum (1 part into 10) of rapidly growing cells and beneficial to increase the agitation rate gradually once growth had begun. After 108 hr maximum conversions of substrate to product were: 71.5% (w/w) for alkanes into cells and 24.8% (w/w) for alkanes into fatty acids. Of the, total fatty acids at the end of the fat-accumulating phase of growth 54% were shorter in chain length than palmitic acid (C16H32O2). When grown on glucose, as sole carbon source, less than 2% of the total fatty acids were shorter than palmitic acid. When n-alkanes were added to cells growing on glucose, short-chain fatty acids (C10 to C14) were synthesized immediately, indicating a derepressed enzyme system for hydrocarbon assimilation and the absence of diauxie. The production of these acids was at the apparent sacrifice of linoleic acid synthesis. In spite of the high conversion ratios, it is concluded that it would be uneconomical to produce fatty acids, even expensive ones such as lauric acid, by microbial transformation of n-alkanes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100410
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  • 168
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Introduction to symposium on production of viruses (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 555-555 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100502
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  • 169
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A multisurface tissue propagator for the mass-scale growth of cell monolayers (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 601-615 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Various multisurface mass-scale tissue culture propagators ranging in capacity up to 200 liters have been developed at Abbott Laboratories. These patented units consist, of an enclosed vessel containing a multiplicity of separated glass plates or disks on which cells may attach and proliferate. Means for mixing and aeration of the medium are provided. Sample ports facilitate the addition of cultures and media, the withdrawal of samples, the washing of cell monolayers, and the harvesting of cells and cell products. The large cell growth surface per occupied volume, the provision for separating tissue cells from media simply and easily, and the minimization of the amount of labor required per cell growth area are some of the many advantages of the multisurface tissue propagator that are described.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100506
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  • 170
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The zonal centrifuge applied to the purification of a low-yield virus in human leukemia cells (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 651-668 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The herpes-type virus found in certain cell cultures derived from Burkitt's lymphoma, other human leukemias, and normal human leukocytes, was concentrated and partially purified by large-volume density gradient centrifugation using zonal centrifuge systems. Using the Jiyoye (P-3) cell line as a model, rate-zonal runs on disrupted cell suspensions in sucrose gradients yielded concentrates with high virus particle counts when 10-15 ml of packed cells were processed per liter of gradient. Isolation and removal of cell nuclei or fluorocarbon treatment of cell sonicates permitted virus recovery from larger volumes of cells per experiment. Zonal centrifugation of concentrated cell-free spent media from highly infected cell cultures yielded more purified virus than obtained from cells. Viral concentrates were prepared with particle counts of 1010-1011/ml and total protein concentrations of 0.2-0.5 mg/ml. Subsequent isopyenie-zonal centrifugation of the various high-count virus fractions from the zonal centrifuge showed a heterogeneity in buoyant virus density ranging from 1.18 to 1.27 in potassium tart rate. The spread in virus density was attributed to the different morphological forms of the virus observed by electron microscopy.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100510
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  • 171
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A method for aeration and foam control in fermentation vessels (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 677-680 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The production of large quantities of microbial mass, or their by-products, frequently requires aeration and mixing of fluid media. This operation often results in copious production of foam which cannot be exhausted with the effluent air or gas. Foam is usually controlled with antifoam agents which may interfere with product purity, oxygen uptake, and with subsequent product, handling. The process herein described obviates the requirement for antifoam agents or other foam-control methods. In essence, the air (or other gases) and foam in the headspace are continuously withdrawn, entrained in the intake side of a self-priming pump, and reintroduced into the bulk of the process liquid medium. The headspace may be enriched with oxygen or other gases.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100512
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  • 172
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of glycols on the production of ergot alkaloids by Claviceps paspali (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 102-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100110
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  • 173
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Studies with dried airborne vaccinia virus in a small environmental chamber (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 151-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Dried vaccinia virus was found to be very stable in aerosol form in our chamber at a temperature of 75°F and a relative humidity (RH) of 85% when the virus was protected with 1.5% lysine, 1.5% sodium glutamate, 0.5% isoniazid, 0.5% thiourea, and either 2.5% heart infusion broth (HIB) or a combination of 3.75% lactose plus 1.25% raffinose prior to freeze-drying. Utilization of the Environmental chamber technique resulted in (a) selection of two diluents which protected vaccinia virus against the effects of high relative humidity, (b) measurement of the effect of various chemical additives in the diluents, and (c) quantitative measurement of the moisture absorbed by the various dried products.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100204
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  • 174
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Large-Scale isolation of acid phosphatase from human erythrocytes (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 829-843 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A laboratory process for the isolation of type B acid phosphatase from human erythrocytes has been scaled up 80 times. The enzyme was purified 1300-fold by adsorption on calcium phosphate gel, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and gel filtration. The yield was 27%. Results for the type A enzyme are also presented.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100609
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  • 175
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Virus interactions with membrane filters (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 877-889 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A survey of interactions of membrane filters with viruses has included 28 types of membranes, 4 types of enteroviruses, and 1 reovirus. Losses of these viruses in filtration, due to adsorption to the filter membranes, appear to be governed by three factors: the chemical composition of the filter membrane, the ratio of pore diameter to the diameter of the virus particle, and the presence of substances, such as those occurring in serum, which interfere with adsorption. Membranes of cellulose triacetate and of certain other materials have a very low affinity for these viruses. Cellulose triacetate filters adsorb virtually none when the pore size exceeds the virus diameter by a factor of more than 3. At porosities nearer the virus diameter, even low-affinity membranes adsorb large quantities of virus unless serum or some other additive interferes. Cellulose nitrate membranes, in the absence of interfering substances, adsorb enterovirus significantly at a pore size 285 times the virus diameter.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100612
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  • 176
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The influence of dissolved oxygen partial pressure on the level of various enzymes in mouse LS cells (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 815-828 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The intracellular levels of seven enzymes in mouse LS cells growing in suspension culture at controlled dissolved oxygen partial pressures (pO2) have been measured. During the growth of each culture large fluctuations were observed in the levels of some enzymes, particularly aldolase and cytochrome oxidase. Mean values for the concentration of each enzyme during the growth phase have been calculated. These results are discussed in relation to previous observations made on the growth of mouse LS cells.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100608
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  • 177
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cultivation of the yeast Candida lipolytica on hydrocarbons. II. One-stage continuous cultivation on gas oil (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 865-875 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Continuous cultivation of the yeast Candida lipolytica on gas oil was studied from the viewpoint of biomass production and oil deparaffination. Optimum conditions wore found at the dilution rate D = 0.16-0.19 when biomass productivity 1.7 g/l/hr and yield coefficient. y = 0.92 were achieved. At deparaffination to the same freezing point, more than double the production of biomass and deparaffined oil during a given time unit was achieved in a continuous process than in batch cultivation. Consumption of substrate was followed in both cultivation processes and it was confirmed that individual n-alkanes of gas oil were degraded at various rates and yields. Results proved optimum cultivation conditions to depend on concentration and composition of the paraffinic fraction of gas oil used. To achieve these conditions the continuous process may be controlled by choice; of suitable dilution rate and concentration of gas oil.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100611
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  • 178
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Some aspects of the metabolism of a partially colloidal substrate (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 189-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of a complex, partially colloidal substrate is divided into oxidation (fo) and synthesis (fs) fractions. The substrate being investigated is a suspension containing 10 mg./l. of dry skim milk. The oxidized and synthesized fractions of the BOD are shown to be 38.4% and 61.6%, respectively. The division of BOD is related to the time at which maximum cell growth appears. The time required to obtain maximum cell production is shown to be at least 10 hr. The relationship between the time to maximum cell production and the apparent initial activity of the seed organisms is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100207
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  • 179
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of centrifugation on the viability of Burkitt lymphoma cellsContribution No. 1126 from the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Presented at the 154th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Chicago, Illinois, September 10-15, 1967. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 641-649 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: This study reports some findings on the effects of centrifugation on the viability of mammalian cells. The authors used Burkitt lymphoma cells cultivated in a synthetic medium containing 10% fetal calf serum for all experiments. Batch centrifugations were conducted in a RC2-B centrifuge (Ivan Sorvall, Incorporated, Norwalk, Connecticut USA) operated at 0 and 25°C. During centrifugation we exposed the cells to gravitational fields ranging from 24,800 to 42.200g. The results showed that at, 0°C and 25,800 or 42,000g no loss in cell viability occurred for up to 90 min exposures in the centrifugal field. However, at 25°C and for gravitational fields of 24,800 and 42,000g, there were appreciable losses in cell viability. Continuous centrifugation studies in the Sharples supercentrifuge (Division of Penn Salt Corporation, Warminister, Pennsylvania USA) were also conducted with bowl speeds up to 28,000 rpm (19,000g) and flow rates ranging from 1.4 to 20 1, hr. Slight, losses in cell viability were noted and postulated as caused by the shear stresses encountered by the cells. Some pumping studies using the lymphoma cells substantiate this conclusion.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100509
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  • 180
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Simultaneous gas-liquid interfacial oxygen absorption and biochemical oxidation (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 765-785 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Two experimental methods were used in measuring oxygen-transfer rates. The results indicate that two possible mechanisms are operating in simultaneous gas-liquid interfacial oxygen absorption and biochemical oxidation. One of the mechanisms, the direct absorption mechanism, has not been much studied in bioengineering. Mathematical equations are derived to describe the simultaneous mechanisms.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100605
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  • 181
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fermentative production of 5′-purine ribonucleotide (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 277-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Micrococcus sodonensis KY 3765 and Arthrobacter citreus KY 3155 were found capable of accumulating IMP in media supplemented with hypoxanthine as a precursor. High concentrations of phosphate and magnesium salts were required for high yields of IMP. Manganese deficiency in the media was also essential. Excessive Mn2+ effects were also seen in the IMP fermentation carried out with an adenineless mutant, of Cornynebacterium glutamicum. In M. sodonensis, R5P-like substances, 5-phosphoribose pyrophosphokinase and IMP pyrophosphorylase, were leaked out, of the cells grown in suboptimal Mn2+ levels. This excretion was inhibited by high levels of Mn2+. Such a phenomenon was not noted in A. citreus. An adenineless mutant (KY 7208) of Brevibacterium ammoniagenes was found to accumulate an appreciable amount of IMP. The chemical changes in this fermentation showed that, hypoxanthine was first produced de novo, excreted, and then reconverted into IMP by a salvage pathway. When hypoxanthine was added to 7208 culture, IMP yield was increased appreciably. In fact exogenous 14C-hypoxanthine was incorporated into 14C-IMP. Subsequent experiments showed that indeed Br. ammoniagenes ATCC 6872, a parent culture of KY 7208, was able to produce IMP, GMP, and AMP, in good yield from hypoxanthine, guanine, and adenine, respectively.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100304
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  • 182
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxygen diffusion through zoogloeal flocsThis paper was presented, in part, at the 21st Purdue Industrial Waste Conference, May, 1966. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 331-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The mechanism of oxygen transfer through a pure culture floc of Zoogloea ramigera I-16M has been described quantitatively. Oxygen uptake rates for both blended and nonblended floc particles indicated that, at a certain dissolved oxygen concentration, diffusion of oxygen through the floc matrix was the mechanism controlling the rate of oxygen utilization by the floc. This mechanism was quantitatively described by determining the oxygen diffusivity values for the floc. The diffusional distances of the floc particles along with the oxygen utilization rates of the floc were measured on floc grown under various conditions. Anoxic core equations were then used to calculate the oxygen diffusivity values for each experiment. These diffusivity values were then used to estimate the oxygen concentrations necessary in activated sludge plants.
    Zusätzliches Material: 16 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100308
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  • 183
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100401
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  • 184
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Toxic spiroepoxy compounds from Fusaria and other hyphomycetes (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 445-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Many hyphomyceteous fungi have been found to produce closely related toxic metabolites which form the class of compounds called scirpenes. The structures of those compounds are reviewed and current studies on their biological activity and possible implication in moldy corn poisoning are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100405
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  • 185
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Input and volume distributions for continuous cultures (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 497-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: An analysis is presented of the effects on substrate utilization and cell growth of varying the volume distribution of and the input distribution to a model continuous-culture unit consisting of three stirred tanks. The model is used to establish the best volume and input distributions and to indicate the effects of mixing imperfections. The Michaelis-Menten rate expression is utilized, including an endogenous respiration term, and results are presented on unique triaxial charts. Of the distributions considered, maximum substrate utilization is achieved with 60% of the total volume in the first stage, 20% in the second stage, and 20% in the third stage and with all of the input to the first stage. At a constant fractional input to the third stage; variation in the ratio of inputs to the first and second stages has virtually no effect, except in the case that a critical dilution is exceeded. At a constant input ratio to the first two stages, an increase in the fractional input to the third stage always decreases efficiency. Three stages, regardless of relative size, are always better than one. Except for endogenous respiration effects, cell growth parallels substrate utilization.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100409
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  • 186
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Response of biological waste treatment systems to changes in salt concentrations (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 483-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The effect of NaCl on the yield of biological solids and on the ability of continuously cultured heterogeneous microbial populations to remove substrate was assessed by changing the salt concentration in the inflowing synthetic waste. During the period of increasing the salt concentration to 30,000 mg/l the system could not maintain a high substrate removal efficiency. However, after an acclimation period the system regained its former efficiency. Upon diluting the salt out of the system, a significant rise in cell yield was noted as the salt level passed through the range 8,000-10,000 mg/l. It was found that steady operation at a salt level of 8,000 mg/l sustained the cell yield at a high level.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100408
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  • 187
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Virus particle quantitation and its application to virus-host cell interactions (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 567-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Virus quantitation is discussed stressing the discrepancy between the biological titer and the physical virus particle count. When both these techniques are used in conjunction, one can more realistically catalog viral properties. The merits of this technique are exemplified in a study of the growth kinetics and properties of vesicular stomatitis virus in tissue culture.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100504
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  • 188
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Application of a multiple surface tissue culture propagator for the production of cell monolayers, virus, and biochemicals (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 617-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A new concept of tissue culture equipment and procedures was developed for the mass-scale growth of several types of animal tissue cells in monolayers on multiple glass surfaces. Continuous, cell lines, primary and diploid cell strains were grown in this equipment. Cells studied include primary bovine kidney, human diploid WI-38, human foreskin, and mouse CCL1 cells. Photomicrographic comparisons of cells grown by these techniques indicate they are morphologically identical to tissue culture cells grown in glass bottles or tubes. The growth of the tissue culture cells in the propagator was monitored by carbohydrate Utilization and acid production. Large-scale production of viruses and biochemicals on cells grown in the multiple-plate tissue culture propagator was accomplished. Virus titers were equal to those obtained from conventional bottle or tube cultures for several strains of influenza, parainfluenza, and respiratory syneytial viruses. High-titred mouse interferon was also produced in this system. In addition to tissue culture cell production, Eaton agent, Mycoplasma pneumoniae was grown on the multiple glass surfaces on a mass scale.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100507
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  • 189
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Introduction to nucleic acids and related fermentations (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 255-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100302
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  • 190
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phosphohydrolases and the production of 5′-nucleotides by direct fermentation (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 291-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A major problem involved in the direct fermentation of nucleotides is their breakdown by phosphohydrolases. Thus, adenine auxotrophs of most microorganisms produce hypoxanthine and/or inosine rather than inosine 5′-monophosphate (IMP) while guanine auxotrophs excrete xanthosine rather than xanthosine 5′-monophosphate (XMP). Examination of a Bacillus subtilis mutant producing hypoxanthine plus inosine revealed at least four phosphohydrolases, three of which could attack nucleotides. Even when the extracellular nucleotide phosphohydrolase was inhibited by Cu+2 and its surface-bound alkaline phosphohydrolase was repressed and inhibited by inorganic phosphate, or removed by mutation, the breakdown products were still the only products of fermentation. Under these conditions, the third enzyme, a surface-bound non-repressible nucleotide phosphohydrolase was still active. It appears, at least in B. subtilis, that excretion is dependent upon breakdown by this enzyme and if hydrolysis does not occur, excretion of purine nucleotides is feedback inhibited by the resultant high intracellular IMP concentration. Corynebacterium glutamicum mutants, on the other hand, can excrete intact nucleotides, and direct fermentations for IMP, XMP, and GMP have been described. An examination of phosphohydrolases in a GMP-producing culture revealed no extracellular or surface enzymes. Disruption of the cells resulted in liberation of cellular phosphohydrolase activity with a substrate specificity remarkably similar to the flavorenhancing properties of the 5′-nucleotides. The order of decreasing susceptibility was GMP, IMP, XMP; AMP was not attacked.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100305
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  • 191
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    In vitro synthesis of polyribonucleotides (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 359-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Polyribonucleotide: orthophosphate nucleotidyl transferase, commonly known as polynucleotide phosphorylase catalyzes the reversible polymerization of ribonucleoside diphosphates with the liberation of orthophosphate. The equilibrium constant is approximately 1.0. Although isolated from a variety of sources, the enzyme occurs essentially as two types: one which does not require a primer for reaction initiation and a second which does. A parallel study of an E. coli preparation representing the first type and an M. lysodeikticus preparation representing the second showed differences other than the primer requirement. Rates of polymerization were different as were the Kms. The E. coli preparation catalyzed the synthesis of polyguanylic acid while the M. lysodeikticus preparation did not although synthesis of hetoropolymers containing guanylic acid was catalyzed by the M. lysodeikticus enzyme. Use of repurified commercial substrates made the validity of some primer-requirement experiments suspect. End group analysis of product polymers served only to raise questions concerning the reaction-initiating compounds and the reaction mechanism. A study of hetero-polymer synthesis showed not only that the rate of polymerization was different, from that of homopolymers but that uncompetitive inhibition rather than competitive inhibition occurred when two ribonucleoside diphosphates were present in the reaction mixture. Furthermore, the experiments showed a preferential uptake of one substrate over another and an “enrichment” which was constant. It has also been shown that RNA polymerase, a DNA-RNA directed polymerase, can be used to synthesize polyribonucleotides if the appropriate template is provided.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100309
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  • 192
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Emetic material associated with Fusarium species in cereal grains and artificial media (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 413-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Substances which cause emesis in pigeons were extracted from corn (Zea mays) artificially inoculated with Fusarium graminearum and from liquid culture medium inoculated with F. moniliforme, F. roseum, F. poae, F. culmorum, and F. nivale. Emetic preparations were obtained also from infected wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell), (Hordeum vulgare L. em. Lam), and durum (Triticum durum Desf). Partial purification resulted from chromatography with columns of cellulose and DEAE cellulose and with thin layers of silica gel. Two active materials were obtained from liquid culture of F. moniliforme but only one from infected cereals. Emetic preparations from F. moniliforme and infected cereals contained a polypeptide as a minor component. Ultraviolet and infrared spectrums, elemental analyses, refractive indices, and amino acid composition of the emetic from corn and one of the emeties from liquid culture of F. moniliforme were similar but not identical. Attempts to crystalline these emetics and to characterize them were unsuccessful.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100403
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  • 193
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Toxic metabolites produced by fungi implicated in mycotoxicoses (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 469-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100407
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  • 194
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stripping in sparged fermentation systems. III. The acetic acid-water system (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 553-553 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100413
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  • 195
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic control of virus production in cell lines (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 557-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A procedure to maintain genetic control of virus production in tissue cell lines, has been proposed and discussed. Both the tissue cell which replicates the virus and the virus inoculum must be homogeneous in order to produce a product with the expected characteristics. Certain philosophical and technical aspects of the problem are discussed in relation to developing and maintaining genetically homogeneous stock cultures, inoculum, and product.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100503
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  • 196
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A pilot plant for mammalian cell culture (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 625-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Studies of the possible viral etiology of human leukemia have required large quantities of cultured cells derived from human hematopoietic tissues. Since cultures sufficiently large and free from contamination could not readily be produced according to existing methods, a pilot, cell culture plant has been constructed for the production of mammalian cells in mass quantity. 500-ml to 20-liter trophocell units have already proved to be scientifically and economically practical, as they provide good reliability, excellent growth rates, and sustained yield of human cells. 200-liter stainless steel culture units have now been added to the trophocell system. Five complete 200 liter units are now in operation. The design of the original stainless steel unit was based on that of a stainless steel, jacketed soup kettle. There are no openings in the vessel other than those in the lid, which provide convenient access points for sampling, sensor probes, etc. Environmental parameters, e.g., liquid level, temperature, and pH, are monitored and controlled with commercially available apparatus. Many initial problems connected with the new 200 liter units have been resolved, but operational and design problems remain in the areas of stable instrumentation, cell harvesting, salvaging and reuse of unspent media components, establishment of physiologic steady stale, recovery of virus-containing cells with reculture of the remaining unaffected cells, and the recovery and separation of cell components and special products such as immunoglobulins, interferons, and hormones. A definitive cell plant with culture units of 20, 50, 250, and 1250 liters is now being constructed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100508
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  • 197
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Continuous cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. I. Growth on ethanol under steady-state conditions (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 159-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae LBG H 1022 on ethanol under steady-state conditions was studied. As a cultivation device, an aerated Chemap fermentor combined with continuously working gas analyzers for oxygen and carbon dioxide was used. Dry matter, substrate concentration, yield, specific oxygen uptake, specific carbon dioxide release, and respiration quotient, as well as nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus, hydrogen, and protein content of the cells were measured in dependence on the dilution rate. Cell size distribution, as a function of the specific growth rate, was determined with the aid of a Celloscope 202. A fair agreement with the theory of continuous culture for all metabolic curves could be established. An increased turnover rate resulted from the addition of glutamic acid to the synthetic growth medium. The primary effect of this supplement could be a rise in the flow rate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100205
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  • 198
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Apparatus for simultaneous spectrophotometric and polarographic measurements (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 238-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: We have recently constructed a 10-mm, light path quartz cuvet which will accept a Clark oxygen electrode; it is temperature controlled and is suitable for use in a Unicam (Cambridge, England) SP 800 recording spectrophotometer. Several enquiries have prompted this publication, although such an apparatus was mentioned much earlier by Chance and Williams,1 and has been used extensively.Figure 1a, b, c, and d and their legends provide sufficient detail for the construction of the cuvet and provision of the commercially available electrode, quartz faces, stirring motor and disk magnet. Circuit diagrams for temperature control (range 22-38°C., ± 0.2°C.) and stirrer speed control are shown in Figure 2a and b. The cuvet is shown situated in the spectrophotometer cell housing in Figure 3, and the cuvet with its associated equipment is shown in Figure 4.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100210
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  • 199
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hydrolysis of RNA to 5′-nucleotide by seed sprouts, particularly malt sprouts (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 257-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Conditions for the efficient conversion of commercial RNA to nucleoside 5′-monophosphate by means of a phosphodiesterase in malt sprouts have been determined. A comparison of the enzyme content of the rootlets, stems, and kernels of various plant seedlings, including barley, rye, oat, wheat, rice, and beans shows maximum amounts in the rootlets, and minimum quantities in the ungerminated kernels. Of all the seedlings tested, (mung bean, soy bean, oat, wheat, rice, barley) barley gave the highest conversion of RNA to 5′-nucleotides. Commercial malt sprouts prepared from 6 different malted barleys including 2-rowed and 6-rowed samples all showed about the same amount of phosphodiesterase content. Besides phosphodiesterase, other enzymes capable of hydrolyzing RNA and 5′-nucleotides were found in sprouts. These included 3′-phosphodiesterases, 5′-nucleotidases, and nucleosidases. By carefully pretreating both extracts and the solid sprouts at elevated temperatures for a limited time and by the addition of minimum amounts of Zn+2, the action of these undesirable enzymes was either effectively destroyed or minimized so that the production of 5′-nucleotides was maximized. It was found that suspensions of appropriately washed and treated barley malt rootlets are substantially more effective than aqueous extracts for converting RNA to 5′-nucleotides.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100303
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  • 200
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100601
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