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  • Electronic Resource  (137)
  • Loose Leaf
  • 1995-1999  (137)
  • 1860-1869
  • 1997  (137)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging  (137)
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osteoid osteoma of the petrous bone (1997)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 39 (1997), S. 821-823 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Osteoid osteoma ; Temporal bone ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present a case of osteoid osteoma of the petrous bone presenting with progressive sensorineural hearing loss. CT showed a dense homogeneous mass at the promontory surrounded by a thin bony border. On MRI this lesion gave intermediate signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo images and enhanced intensely with gadolinium. Surgical removal and pathological study proved the diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050514
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    “Eraseroma” as a cause of rhinolith: CT and MRI in a child (1997)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 39 (1997), S. 824-826 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Rhinolith ; Nose ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a 5-year old girl with progressive difficulty in breathing through the nose whose clinical diagnosis was nasal tumour. CT showed a calcified nodular mass and MRI a nonspecific nodular lesion in the right nasal cavity. The radiological suspicion was a rhinolith. The operative specimen showed that an eraser from a pencil was the primary source. We underline the rarity of this entity and the important role of radiological studies in preoperative recognition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050515
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volumetric quantification of brain development using MRI (1997)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 39 (1997), S. 841-846 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Cerebrum ; volume ; Quantification ; Cerebrum ; development ; Myelination ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We devised a three-dimensional method for estimation of cerebral development and myelination which measures cerebral volume using MRI. Accuracy of the system was estimated using cadaver brains. The mean percentage error in the calculated volumes compared with the real volumes was 2.33 %, range 0.00–5.33 %. We applied the method to the volume of both cerebral hemispheres (CH), basal ganglia, thalamus and internal capsule (BT), and myelinated white matter (WM) in 44 neurologically normal individuals (4 months to 28 years of age), 13 patients with spastic motor disturbances (2–25 years of age), and 9 patients with athetotic motor disturbances (2–23 years of age). In the neurologically normal cases, the volumes of CH, BT and WM increased with age; the volume of MW more slowly than that of CH. In cases with spastic motor disturbances, the volumes of CH, BT and WM were between –1.4 and 3.5 SD, –1.0 and –3.5 SD, and 0.0 and –5.2 SD respectively, of those of neurologically-normal cases. On the other hand, 7 of the 9 cases with athetotic motor disturbances were within 2 SD of the volume of CH in neurologically normal cases. Our method for direct measurement of cerebral volume based on serial MRI should be useful for the accurate assessment of brain development and quantitative analysis of delayed myelination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050517
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI and clinical features in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1997)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 39 (1997), S. 847-851 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract MRI of the brain and spinal cord was performed in 21 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), 8 normal volunteers and 16 neurological disease controls. High signal was seen in the intracranial corticospinal tract in 16 of the 21 patients on T2-weighted and in 10 on proton density (PD)-weighted images. In one patient, the high signal on T2-weighted images became less marked with progression of the disease. Low signal intensity was seen in the motor cortex in 12 of the 21 patients. High signal in the anterolateral column of the spinal cord on T1 weighted images was seen in 14, and high signal in the lateral corticospinal tract on T2 weighted images was seen in 7 of the 21 patients. The relationship between the abnormal images and upper motor neurone signs remained unclear. High signal intensity was seen in the corticospinal tract in the brain on T2-weighted images in two normal volunteers and four disease controls, and on PD weighted images in three disease controls. Low signal intensity in the motor cortex on T2 weighted images was seen in three normal volunteers and four disease controls. However, high signal intensity was seen in the intracranial corticospinal tract on T1 weighted images in five patients with ALS who showed pronounced upper motor neurone signs including spastic paraparesis, but not in controls. Thus, abnormalities on MRI in the brain and spinal cord should be considered in the diagnosis of ALS, and high signal intensity of the intracranial corticospinal tract on T1-weighted images may reflect the severe pathological changes of the upper motor neurones in ALS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050518
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebral abscess with multiple rims on MRI (1997)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 39 (1997), S. 857-859 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Brain ; abscess ; Nocardia asteroides ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present a patient with multiple brain abscesses caused by Nocardia asteroides. On T2-weighted MRI, multiple concentric rims were seen in the abscess, which could be a finding specific for infection. The rims may be due to organization of the necrotic debris and phagocytoses by macrophages in the capsule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050520
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary intrasellar germinoma with synchronous pineal tumor (1997)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 39 (1997), S. 860-862 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Germ-cell neoplasms ; Pineal body ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Germinomas arising within the sella turcica are extremely rare. The association of intrasellar and a pineal region tumours is even more unusual. We report a 30-year-old man with germinomas in the sellar and pineal region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050521
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spinal MRI in vacuolar myelopathy, and correlation with histopathological findings (1997)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 39 (1997), S. 865-869 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Vacuolar myelopathy ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We correlated MRI features with histopathological findings in an HIV-positive patient with vacuolar myelopathy. On MRI symmetrical nonenhancing high-signal areas in the posterior columns on T2-weighted images result from extensive vacuolation visible on histological sections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050523
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-signal lesions in the midbrain on T1-weighted MRI in an HIV-infected patient (1997)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 39 (1997), S. 136-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Brain ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In addition to opportunistic infections, neoplasms or cerebrovascular complications, metabolic encephalopathies are a classical cause of diffuse brain dysfunction in HIV infection and are frequent in the terminal stage. We report an HIV-infected patient with symmetrical, focally increased signal in the midbrain on proton density- and T1-weighted MRI without corresponding high signal on T2-weighted images or on CT. While the precise nature and cause of this uncommon finding is not fully understood, the available evidence suggests that these lesions might represent a novel metabolic encephalopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050381
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die infektiöse Spondylitis Eine retrospektive Auswertung der MRT-Merkmale (1997)
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 37 (1997), S. 139-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Spondylitis ; Spondylodiszitis ; Wirbelkörper ; Bandscheibe ; Kernspintomographie ; Key words Spondylitis ; Spondylodiscitis ; Spine ; Intervertebral disc ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Aim and methods: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the MRI criteria of infectious spondylitis (spondylodiscitis). The MR images of 23 patients suffering from spondylodiscitis (78 % unspecific, 22 % specific) were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The height of the intervertebral discs involved was normal in 40 %, reduced in 43 % and increased in 17 % of the cases. The most common findings can be summarized in an MR triad: 1) The vertebral bodies involved are hypointense in T1-weighted images (100 %) with a lack of delineation of the intervertebral discs (53 %). 2) The injection of Gd-DTPA yields an enhancement of the vertebral bodies involved and intervertebral discs (95 % and 74 % respectively). 3) The vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs are hyperintense in T2-weighted sequences (76 % and 90 % respectively). When present, a paravertebral or intraspinal extension of the infection was isointense compared with the adjacent involved vertebral body in the majority of the patients. A differentiation between unspecific and specific etiology based on the MR images was not possible. Conclusions: The vertebral bodies affected were usually hypointense in T1-W with enhancement after the administration of Gd-DTPA and hyperintense in T2-W. The discs involved were usually hyperintense in T2-W and demonstrated an inhomogeneous enhancement.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Um die kernspintomographischen Merkmale der Spondylitis zu überprüfen, wurden die MRT-Bilder von 23 Patienten mit einer Spondylitis (78 % unspezifisch, 22 % spezifisch) retrospektiv analysiert; 40 % der befallenen Bandscheiben zeigten eine normale Höhe, 43 % waren verschmälert und 17 % zeigten eine Höhenzunahme. Die häufigsten Veränderungen lassen sich in einer MRT-Trias zusammenfassen: 1. In T1-gewichteten Sequenzen sind die befallenen Wirbelkörper hypointens (100 %) und die Bandscheiben nicht abgrenzbar (53 %). 2. Wirbelkörper und Bandscheiben nehmen Kontrastmittel auf (95 bzw. 74 %). 3. Wirbelkörper und Bandscheiben sind in T2-gewichteten Sequenzen hyperintens (76 bzw. 90 %). Dabei stellt sich ein paravertebraler Weichteilbefall in allen Sequenzen isointens zum befallenen Wirbelkörper dar. Eine Differenzierung zwischen unspezifischer und spezifischer Ätiologie war kernspintomographisch nicht möglich.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001170050186
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Takayasu's arteritis: evaluation with three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography (1997)
    Springer
    European radiology 7 (1997), S. 44-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Pulseless disease ; Aortitis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography was performed in 16 patients with Takayasu's arteritis. Two regions were evaluated, the arch of aorta and its intrathoracic major branches, and the abdominal aorta with proximal portions of its major visceral and renal branches. Individual arteries and aortic segments, i. e. aortic arch and abdominal aorta, were evaluated for abnormalities such as stenosis, occlusion, dilatation and aneurysm formation. The results were compared with contrast angiography. Follow-up MR angiography was performed in three patients after 9–12 months. MR angiography demonstrated steno-occlusive lesions in all the patients and aneurysms in 2. In comparison with contrast angiography, good correlation was found in 129 of the 145 arteries and aortic segments. For the 12 false-positive results, incorrect slab placement and overestimation of stenosis were implicated. Interestingly, there were three false-negative results and one occlusion was underestimated as stenosis. A new lesion developed in 1 patient and one stenosis progressed in another patient upon follow-up. Three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography is a simple and fairly accurate method for documenting the lesions in Takayasu's arteritis and for its follow-up.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050107
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of lipiodol retention on MRI signal intensity from hepatocellular carcinoma and surrounding liver treated by chemoembolization (1997)
    Springer
    European radiology 7 (1997), S. 10-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Liver ; neoplasm ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Contrast media ; fatty acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Opinion is divided regarding the influence of iodized oil on MRI signal intensity of hepatic tumours treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), in which lipiodol deposits. The aim of our study was to ascertain whether or not lipiodol directly influences the MRI signal intensity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated by TACE and that of the surrounding liver. Thirteen patients with HCC were studied retrospectively. CT and MRI scans were performed both before and 3 months after TACE. The CT scan was performed to check whether embolized nodules contained lipiodol and how lipiodol was distributed within them. In addition, eight patients were examined prospectively within 7 days after TACE. In these patients a CT scan was performed to see how lipiodol was distributed in the neoplastic nodules and in normal hepatic parenchyma. In the first group of patients the contrast-to-noise (C/N) ratio on T1-weighted (T1W) images and the T2 relaxation time on T2-weighted (T2W) images were calculated for both neoplasm and surrounding liver. In the second group of patients we also measured the signal intensity of non-neoplastic liver that was either permeated or not permeated by lipiodol. The data were analysed with Wilcoxon's test. On T1W images we observed that the retention of lipiodol increased the C/N ratio in all the tumours studied within 1 week after TACE. In the patients studied 3 months after TACE the C/N ratio was not significantly increased. On T2W images lipiodol retention did not change tumour signal intensity. The iodized oil did not change the signal intensity of the liver surrounding the tumour, in comparison with the liver not permeated by lipiodol, on either T1W or T2W images. The results indicate that lipiodol does not modify the signal intensity in non-neoplastic hepatic parenchyma in which it is deposited; after 3 months it does not significantly affect the signal of the tumours that accumulated it. Lipiodol produces a high signal on T1W images over the first few days following TACE in those tumours in which it is deposited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050099
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between the magnetic resonance imaging appearance of the lumbar spine and low back pain, age and occupation in males (1997)
    Springer
    European spine journal 6 (1997), S. 106-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Lumbar spine ; Disc disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this study was to undertake a critical review of the potential role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of low back pain (LBP) and to determine if there were differences in the MRI appearances between various occupational groups. The study group, 149 working men (78 aged 20-30 years and 71 aged 31–58 years) from five different occupations (car production workers, ambulance men, office staff, hospital porters and brewery draymen), underwent MRI of the lumbar spine. Thirty-four percent of the subjects had never experienced LBP Twelve months later, the examination was repeated on 89 men. Age-related differences were seen in the MRI appearances of the lumbar spine. Disc degeneration was most common at L5/S 1 and was significantly more prevalent (P 〈 0.01) in the older age group (52%) than in the younger age group (27%). Although LBP was more prevalent in the older subjects there was no relationship between LBP and disc degeneration. No differences in the MRI appearance of the lumbar spine were observed between the five occupational groups. Overall, 45% had ‘abnormal’ lumbar spines (evidence of disc degeneration, disc bulging or protrusion, facet hypertrophy, or nerve root compression). There was not a clear relationship between the MRI appearance of the lumbar spine and LBP. Thirty-two percent of asymptomatic subjects had ‘abnormal’ lumbar spines and 47% of all the subjects who had experienced LBP had ‘normal’ lumbar spines. During the 12-month follow-up period, 13 subjects experienced LBP for the first time. However, there was no change in the MRI appearances of their lumbar spines that could account for the onset of LBP. Although MRI is an excellent technique for evaluating the lumbar spine, this study shows that it does not provide a suitable pre-employment screening technique capable of identifying those at risk of LBP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01358742
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Facial palsy in multiple sclerosis (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 244 (1997), S. 631-633 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Multiple sclerosis ; Facial palsy ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Facial palsy occurred in 21 (19.6%) of 107 Japanese patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) during a mean follow-up period of 4.3 years. We observed residual signs of facial palsy in five other patients in whom acute onset was confirmed from medical records. Facial palsy began on average 7.6 years after the onset of MS but in five patients (4.7%) was the first symptom of MS, preceding the next MS symptom by 0.5–3 years. Facial palsy was usually associated with other brainstem signs, while two patients showed only facial palsy 1 and 3 years after the onset of MS. Twenty-one (84.0%) of the 25 patients who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed brainstem lesions in the pontine tegmentum ipsilateral to the facial palsy. However, the two patients without other symptoms or signs had no apparent causal lesion on MRI, which suggests difficulty in differentiating idiopathic Bell’s palsy from MS- associated facial palsy by MRI, although it has an excellent capacity to detect causal lesions of facial palsy associated with MS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004150050158
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intra-observer reproducibility in measuring new putative MR markers of demyelination and axonal loss in multiple sclerosis: a comparison with conventional T2-weighted images (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 244 (1997), S. 266-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Multiple sclerosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Magnetisation tranfer imaging ; Spinal cord ; Measurement ; reproducibility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract New magnetic resonance (MR) measures considered to be putative markers of demyelination and axonal loss were found to be more closely related to clinical disability than T2-weighted MR imaging (MRI) findings in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, we evaluated the reproducibility of such measurements in order to assess their reliability for longitudinal studies in MS. The intra-observer coefficients of variation for repeated measurements did not significantly differ among the MR techniques studied [2.6% for T2-weighted MRI, 4.38% for unenhanced T1-weighted MRI, 3.65% for magnetisation transfer imaging (MTI) and 2.28% for spinal cord cross-sectional area at C5]. Our findings suggest that non-conventional MR techniques may be reliable outcome measures for clinical trials in MS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004150050083
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Randomized placebo-controlled trial of mitoxantrone in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: 24-month clinical and MRI outcome (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 244 (1997), S. 153-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Multiple sclerosis ; Mitoxantrone ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We designed a randomized, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial involving 51 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients to determine the clinical efficacy of mitoxantrone treatment over 2 years. Patients were allocated either to the mitoxantrone group (27 patients receiving IV infusion of mitoxantrone every month for 1 year at the dosage of 8 mg/m2) or to the placebo group (24 patients, receiving IV infusion of saline every month for 1 year) using a centralized randomization system. Disability at entry and at 12–24 months was evaluated by four blinded neurologists trained in the application of the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Scale (EDSS). In addition, the number and clinical characteristics of the exacerbations over the 24 months were recorded by the local investigators. MRI, at 0,12 and 24 months, was performed with a 0.2 T permanent unit. MRI data were analysed by two blinded neuroradiologists. All patients underwent a clinical evaluation. A statistically significant difference in the mean number of exacerbations was observed between the mitoxantrone group and placebo group both during the 1st and the 2nd year. Although there was no statistically significant benefit in terms of mean EDSS progression over 2 years, the proportion of patients with confirmed progression of the disease, as measured by a one point increase on the EDSS scale, was significantly reduced at the 2nd year evaluation in the mitoxantrone group. Forty-two (23 mitoxantrone, 19 placebo) patients underwent all MRI examinations during the 24-month period. We observed a trend towards a reduction in the number of new lesions on T2-weighted images in the mitoxantrone group. Our study suggests that mitoxantrone might be effective in reducing disease activity, both by decreasing the mean number of exacerbations and by slowing the clinical progression sustained by most patients after 1 year from the end of treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004150050066
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  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative magnetic resonance analysis in vascular dementia (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 244 (1997), S. 246-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Vascular dementia ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Neuropsychological assessment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The potential role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in differentiating between specific causes of cognitive decline in patients with vascular dementia (VD) has not yet been fully established. We therefore decided to assess the supratentorial cerebral contents in 24 patients with a diagnosis of probable VD and in 24 normal subjects, matched for age and education level, using MRI volumetric parameters obtained by means of a quantitative method. The volumes of subarachnoid and ventricular spaces, cerebral tissue, and hyperintense areas on T2-weighted images were calculated. In order to reduce interindividual variability caused by differences in intracranial size, each absolute measurement was normalized to the relative size of the intracranial volume. In addition, we calculated the ratio between the areas of the corpus callosum (CC) and supratentorial brain at the same level on the T1-weighted image midsagittal plane. The MRI data were correlated with the deterioration of cognitive functions. Patients with VD showed significantly lower cerebral tissue volume and CC area, and higher ventricular space volume than normal subjects. Furthermore, the total volume of the T2 signal alterations was higher in VD patients than in normal subjects. In VD patients, this volume was found to be proportional to the increase in the volume of the ventricular space. On the other hand, no correlation was found between the volume of the T2 signal alterations and the area of the CC. The degree of global cognitive dysfunction and the score of each neuropsychological test did not show any correlation with the MRI data. Our results suggest that ventricular enlargement in VD patients is correlated with the increase in volume of the T2 signal abnormalities, but that the degree of global cognitive dysfunction is not influenced by the volume of these T2 signal abnormalities. Furthermore, the CC atrophy does not influence the score of any neuropsychological test or the degree of global cognitive dysfunction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004150050079
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  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strategies for optimizing MRI techniques aimed at monitoring disease activity in multiple sclerosis treatment trials (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 244 (1997), S. 76-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Multiple sclerosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Trial design
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detects substantial subclinical disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS) and is presently included in most treatment trials as an objective outcome measure. Our current knowledge of the role of MRI in MS treatment trials is derived from very limited patient studies, and the aim of this paper is to identify strategies to optimize the use of MRI in monitoring disease activity in treatment trials. The number of active lesions revealed by MRI can be used as the primary outcome measure in exploratory treatment trials. With monthly scanning, the majority of active lesions will be seen by virtue of a limited number of new areas of gadolinium enhancement. The contrast between enhancing lesions and background could be increased by: (1) using higher doses of gadolinium, (2) suppressing the background signal with magnetization transfer, (3) delayed scanning, or (4) a combination of these. Following a systematic comparison of those approaches, the effect on the sensitivity in detecting active lesions should be analysed with reference to the power of treatment trials. We present preliminary results showing marked agreement between observers in reporting enhancing lesions; however, with new acquisition strategies, the observer variation should be re-established in a multicentre fashion. In definitive trials, the increase in total lesion load serves as a secondary outcome measure. Since the majority of lesions making up the total lesion load are inactive during the study, spatial resolution should be maximized in order to preclude any artificial changes in lesion load to be superimposed (noise) upon the relatively small actual change (information). Reduction in measurement error can be attempted by improved acquisition techniques with increased lesion to background contrast. More importantly, improvement in quantitation techniques is warranted. With a 6% coefficient of variation in measuring a baseline lesion load, we calculate the standard error of the mean yearly increase in T2 lesion load (typically 10% in untreated patients) in a treatment arm of 124 patients to be 7.5%. A comparison of several quantitation techniques should be performed in a multicentre longitudinal fashion in order to include variation caused by both scanner and segmentation technique, in addition to biological activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004150050053
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  • 118
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The transverse magnetisation decay characteristics of longstanding lesions and normal-appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 244 (1997), S. 125-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Multiple sclerosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Axonal loss ; Disability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The characteristics of transverse magnetisation decay of 120 longstanding lesions and 40 regions of normal-appearing white matter have been analysed in 40 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 10 normal controls. Fifty lesions showed a biexponential decay in which two water compartments – one probably intracellular, the other extracellular – could be defined. There was a higher frequency of biexponential lesions in patients with a primary progressive course but no significant difference between benign and secondary progressive groups. Seventy lesions showed a monoexponential decay, of which 31 showed a T2 of greater than 200 ms, implying that these lesions were predominantly composed of extracellular rather than intracellular water. The results imply that an expanded extracellular space within chronic MS brain lesions is a common finding at all levels of disability and disease course. In so far as an expanded extracellular space implies axonal loss, the results suggest that the latter occurs commonly in longstanding MS lesions. The lack of correlation with disability suggests a limited role for the technique in therapeutic monitoring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004150050061
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  • 119
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surgical treatment of syringomyelia associated with spinal dysraphism (1997)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 13 (1997), S. 194-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Key words Spinal dysraphism ; Syringomyelia ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Syringo-subarachnoid shunt ; Chiari malformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Clinical and radiological features of syringomyelia in 15 patients with spinal dysraphism are reported. There were 8 patients with occult spinal dysraphism (lumbosacral lipoma) and 7 with spina bifida aperta (meningomyelocele). Syringomyelia with spinal dysraphism can be radiologically divided into two types according to the dysraphic state. The syrinx in the patients with occult spinal dysraphism occurred immediately rostral to the lipoma and was localized to the lower thoracic to lumbar levels, while in the meningomyelocele patients the syrinx extended from the cervical to the thoracic level. Large syrinx formation was recognized in 1 of the 7 occult spinal dysraphism cases and 3 of the 8 meningomyelocele cases. For syringomyelia with occult spinal dysraphism, 4 patients underwent syringo-subarachnoid shunting (S-S shunt, 2 cases) or syringostomy (2 cases) during an untethering operation. In the case of meningomyelocele, S-S shunts were placed in 2 patients. Collapse of the syrinx was achieved in all 6 patients who underwent S-S shunting or syringostomy. Decreased size of the syrinx was also noted in 3 occult spinal dysraphism patients who underwent untethering operations alone. In conclusion, a large syrinx in the case of spinal dysraphism should be surgically treated. S-S shunting is effective in both types of syringomyelia. Foramen magnum decompression may be an alternative method of surgical treatment for syringomyelia in patients with meningomyelocele.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003810050068
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  • 120
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    Intramedullary chondroid tumors of bone: correlation of abnormal peritumoral marrow and soft-tissue MRI signal with tumor type (1997)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 26 (1997), S. 100-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Enchondroma ; Chondrosarcoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. To determine whether enchondromas and chondrosarcomas can be differentiated on the basis of peritumoral MR signal abnormality. Design. STIR and T2-weighted MRI images were retrospectively assessed for the presence and extent of abnormal peritumoral marrow and soft-tissue signal. The cause of the peritumoral signal abnormality was determined by histologic correlation with resection specimens. The presence or absence of bone destruction was noted. Patients. Twenty-three patients were studied: ten with enchondromas (three men, seven women; ages 33–73 years) and 13 with chondrosarcomas (seven men, six women; ages 25–88 years). Results. Abnormal peritumoral marrow signal was present on STIR images around none of 10 enchondromas and all of 13 chondrosarcomas (P〈0.0001). The marrow signal abnormality corresponded histologically to fine marrow fibrosis in all cases. Adjacent abnormal soft-tissue signal was present on STIR images around none of ten enchondromas and eight (62%) of 13 chondrosarcomas (P=0.0026). Abnormal soft-tissue signal was more common around high-grade than low-grade chondrosarcomas (100% vs 38%, P=0.028), and was more extensive (mean extent 28 mm vs 8 mm; P〉0.04). In the subset of tumors without bone destruction, peritumoral marrow signal abnormality was present around none of ten enchondromas and all of five chondrosarcomas (P=0.0003); abnormal soft-tissue signal was present around none of ten enchondromas and two of five chondrosarcomas (P〉0.05). Conclusion. Abnormal marrow or soft-tissue signal around a chondroid tumor is suggestive of chondrosarcoma, even in the absence of bone destruction. STIR images are necessary for adequate detection of peritumoral signal abnormalities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050201
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  • 121
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    MRI diagnosis of diabetic muscle infarction: report of two cases (1997)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 26 (1997), S. 122-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Diabetes mellitus ; Muscle infarction ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Pyomyositis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Diabetic muscle infarction (DMI) is a rare complication of diabetes mellitus occurring in patients with poorly controlled insulin-dependent diabetes. In previous reports, the diagnosis of this condition was based on the pathologic studies, although MRI examinations were performed in a few patients as part of the diagnostic work-up. In this report, we describe two additional cases of DMI where the diagnosis was based on the MRI findings in conjunction with the clinical picture and laboratory studies. The patients usually present with thigh or calf pain and swelling, are afebrile, and have normal white blood cell count. MRI examination typically shows diffuse swelling and increased signal intensity on T2-weighted images in the affected muscles, with no focal fluid collections. In the proper clinical setting, these findings are diagnostic of DMI and patients should be spared unnecessary invasive diagnostic examinations such as lower extremity venograms and biopsies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050205
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  • 122
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    Electronic Resource
    MR diagnosis of traumatic tear of the spring ligament in a pole vaulter (1997)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 26 (1997), S. 310-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Spring ligament ; Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament ; Ligament tear ; Navicular subluxation ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The spring ligament is a significant contributor to the stability of the talar head and longitudinal arch of the foot, lending importance to accurate radiologic diagnosis of injury. Using MR, we diagnosed a spring ligament tear with associated navicular dorsal subluxation, confirmed intraoperatively. To our knowledge, there are no previous reports of MR diagnosis of tear of the spring ligament.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050242
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  • 123
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    Electronic Resource
    Enlarged peroneal process with peroneus longus tendon entrapment (1997)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 26 (1997), S. 313-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Peroneal process ; Calcaneus ; Peroneus longus tendon ; Plain radiographs ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A 50-year-old man was treated conservatively for chronic bilateral ankle pain for several years. Plain radiographs obtained following exacerbation of symptoms showed bilateral enlarged peroneal processes. CT and MRI demonstrated bony detail of the unusual processes and also showed isolation of the peroneus longus tendons and associated tendinitis and partial tears.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050243
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  • 124
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    Electronic Resource
    Mycetoma of the calf (1997)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 26 (1997), S. 319-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Mycetoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Calf ; Granulomatous infection ; Actinomycetes ; Sulfur granules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Actinomycetous infections typically involve either the head and neck or the extremities following a traumatic implantation. Classic clinical associations are draining sinus tracts. This case report describes the pathologic and MR findings of a relatively acute mycetomatous process involving the soft tissues. Pathologic findings in this case included an occasional granule composed of gram positive, thin branching elements. These and other findings were consistent with actinomycetes bacterium infection. The discussion centers around the use of MR, both with and without gadolinium, in evaluating this type of granulomatous infection. Infiltration of the adjacent subcutaneous tissues was easier to appreciate on both the T1-weighted images without gadolinium and the T1-weighted images with gadolinium when compared to the T2-weighted images. Signal characteristics as described in this case report may suggest a granulomatous process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050245
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  • 125
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    Electronic Resource
    A radiologist’s guide to the imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (1997)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 26 (1997), S. 386-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Hip dislocation ; congenital ; Diagnostic imaging ; Tomography ; X-ray computed ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Radiography ; Arthrography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) has a broad spectrum of presentation with the minor findings resolving spontaneously and the most severe ones resulting in disability, if not diagnosed early in life. Diagnosis in the first few months of life allows conservative treatment with complete resolution in most cases. Suspicion of DDH is based on ethnic, family, and pregnancy history, and on physical examination of the newborn. Imaging assists in the diagnosis and follows the treatment. Different modalities have their own advantages and disadvantages. This article deals with the description of the disease, risk factors, statistics, the physical examination as applied to real-time sonography, and imaging (plain radiography, arthrography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050253
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  • 126
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    Electronic Resource
    Role of MRI in the diagnosis of insufficiency fractures of the sacrum and acetabular roof (1997)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 26 (1997), S. 517-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Insufficiency fracture ; Sacrum ; Osteoporosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography ; Radionuclide study ; Acetabulum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. To review the risk factors and the radiological appearance of insufficiency fractures of the sacrum and acetabular roof. Design and patients. Twenty patients with sacral and acetabular roof insufficiency fractures were reviewed retrospectively. There were 16 women (80%) and 4 males (age range 48–86 years, excluding an 8-year-old boy). Thirteen patients had a known tumour, and nine had received pelvic irradiation. All patients, except one who was asymptomatic, presented with low back or hip pain. In patients with a known tumor, metastases were suspected. Plain radiography (20), bone scintigrams (16), MR examinations (20), and bone densitometry (14) were performed. Nine patients also each had a CT scan. Results and conclusions. In three cases the CT scan performed 10–25 days after onset of symptoms was interpreted as normal. MR examination performed a few days after the CT scan showed in each of these three patients a fracture line with a band of edema. Scintigraphy was very sensitive, but the H-shaped pattern of sacral uptake, specific for an insufficiency fracture, was detected in only three of 16 cases. The earliest MR sign was medullary edema, seen as early as 18 days after the onset of symptoms. On spin echo (SE) T1-weighted images (T1WI), the hypointense signal of edema could mask a fracture line. On SE T2WI the fracture line could be detected within the hyperintense edema (10 of 17 patients with examinations including SE T2WI). However, in four patients a fracture of the sacrum was not seen on T2WI, these having been obtained in the axial plane. For this reason, intravenous gadolinium was injected, revealing a fracture line in 12 of 14 examinations, or fat suppression sequences were performed, revealing a fracture line in five of five cases. The total number of fractures detected was 17 [15 fractures of the sacrum (bilateral in 10 cases) and two of the acetabular roof]. At a later stage, the edema resolved and the fracture was clearly seen. The two cases of fracture of the acetabular roof were easily recognized at MRI, particularly in the sagittal plane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050278
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  • 127
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    Electronic Resource
    Cerebral cavernous hemangiomas in childhood Clinical presentation and therapeutic considerations (1997)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 13 (1997), S. 522-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Key words Hemangioma ; Cavernoma ; Hamartoma ; Sequelae ; Epilepsy ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cerebral cavernous hemangiomas (CCH) are relatively rare vascular hamartomas. Since the introduction of MRI there has been an increase in the number of case reports of CCH in the medical literature. CCH are often asymptomatic; they may, however, cause epilepsy or neurological deficits due to their space-occupying effects or hemorrhagic sequelae. The tendency of CCH to bleed has been well recognized, though gross hemorrhage is infrequent owing to the relatively low blood pressure and small blood flow in CCH. MRI findings of a CCH are characteristic and can differentiate the lesions from other vascular abnormalities. To date, there has been no consensus on indications for surgical intervention. Three cases are presented, which together demonstrate by their different presentation, clinical course and MRI findings that each patient with a CCH requires an individually tailored management. Presentation, clinical course and accessibility for operation are the factors that determine whether a surgical or a conservative approach should be adopted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003810050130
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  • 128
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    Electronic Resource
    Acute cerebellar ataxia in children (1997)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 13 (1997), S. 542-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Key words Acute cerebellar ataxia ; Demyelinating diseases ; Pontine encephalitis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Acute cerebellar ataxia is a benign syndrome usually occurring after an acute febrile disease. In a few cases neuroradiological investigations reveal cerebellar alterations. Clinical and neuroradiological involvement of the brain stem has rarely been reported in the literature. We present five cases of acute cerebellar ataxia. In two cases the cerebellar symptomatology was associated with neurological signs of brain stem involvement. CT scans did not show any pathologic findings in three patients. MRI disclosed cerebellar or brain stem alterations in all the patients. Clinical and neuroradiological findings allow differentiation of this pathologic entity from other demyelinating or dysmyelinating diseases. The value of MRI in detection and localization of the lesions and in following their evolution is emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003810050134
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  • 129
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    Electronic Resource
    Importance of patient evaluation for long-term survival in medulloblastoma recurrence (1997)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 13 (1997), S. 30-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Key words Gamma knife ; GH therapy ; Medulloblastoma recurrence ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Recurrence is a major cause of death in patients with medulloblastoma. Although the exact protocol for regular radiographic evaluation is sometimes a matter of debate, continuous follow up is necessary. We report a case of long-term survival after surgical removal of a subfrontal recurrent medulloblastoma, which occurred more than 3 years after total gross excision of the primary lesion and radiation therapy. The asymptomatic recurrence, which was detected by routine follow-up neuroimaging tests, was excised. The patient subsequently received gamma knife irradiation of the tumor bed followed by a course of ``8 in 1'' chemotherapy. ``Early delayed radionecrosis'' occurred 13 months after gamma knife treatment, which resolved spontaneously. Particularities of the case are discussed with reference to the location of the recurrent tumor, the possible patho-genetic causes and the side effects of treatment. We believe that this case and others reported in the literature underline the importance of continuous MRI surveillance of patients operated on for medulloblastoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003810050035
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  • 130
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    Electronic Resource
    Decline in isokinetic force with age: muscle cross-sectional area and specific force (1997)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 434 (1997), S. 246-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Key words MVC maximum voluntary contraction ; Myosin heavy chains ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Humans produce less muscle force (F) as they age. However, the relationship between decreased force and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) in older humans is not well documented. We examined changes in F and CSA to determine the relative contributions of muscle atrophy and specific force (F/CSA) to declining force production in aging humans. The proportions of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms were characterized to assess whether this was related to changes in specific force with age. We measured the peak force of isokinetic knee extension in 57 males and females aged 23–80 years, and used magnetic resonance imaging to determine the contractile area of the quadriceps muscle. Analysis of MHC isoforms taken from biopsies of the vastus lateralis muscle showed no relation to specific force. F, CSA, and F/CSA decreased with age. Smaller CSA accounted for only about half of the 39% drop in force that occurred between ages 65–80 years. Specific force dropped about 1.5% per year in this age range, for a total decrease of 21%. Thus, quantitative changes in muscle (atrophy) are not sufficient to explain the strength loss associated with aging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004240050392
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  • 131
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    Localization of ectopic parathyroid glands using technetium-99m sestamibi imaging: Comparison with magnetic resonance and computed tomographic imaging (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 24 (1997), S. 197-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Technetium-99m sestamibi ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Hyperparathyroidism ; Ectopic parathyroid imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the study was to compare the accuracy of technetium-99m sestamibi imaging for localization of ectopic parathyroid glands in patients with hyperparathyroidism with that of magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomographic (CT) imaging. Eleven patients with primary (n=3) or secondary (n=8) hyperparathyroidism were studied with99mTc sestamibi parathyroid imaging CT and MR imaging. Images of the neck were acquired at 10 min and 2–3 after tracer injection. The three patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and five patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism underwent parathyroidectomy. The ectopic glands were confirmed by histopathological examination of the resected specimens. In respect of 20 parathyroid glands in the eight patients explored surgically, the sensitivity and specificity of sestamibi imaging were 70% (14/20) and 88%, respectively, those of CT, 40% (8/20) and 88%, and those of MR imaging, 60% (12/20) and 88%. Of these patients, three had parathyroid adenomas while five had hyperplasia (17 glands). Sestamibi imaging localized eight ectopic parathyroid glands, which were surgically confirmed (six were located in the thymus and two in the mediastinum). In one patient explored surgically, the ectopic gland was located outside the field of the MR coil. Although the remaining three cases of secondary hyperparathyroidism were not confirmed surgically, these patients demonstrated sestamibi uptake in five parathyroid glands, including three ectopic glands. MR images demonstrated abnormal parathyroid glands in the same regions as sestamibi imaging. Our data indicate that99mTc-sestamibi imaging should be used initially to localize the ectopic parathyroid glands in patients with hyperparathyroidism for anatomical guidance prior to MR or CT imaging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02439553
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  • 132
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    Electronic Resource
    Exercise performance and magnetic resonance imaging-determined thigh muscle volume in children (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 76 (1997), S. 92-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Key words Peak V ; O2 ; Anaerobic performance ; Muscle volume ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study examined the relationships between thigh muscle volume (TMV) and aerobic and anaerobic performance in children. A total of 32 children, 16 boys and 16 girls, aged 9.9 (0.3) years completed a treadmill running test to exhaustion for the determination of peak oxygen uptake (peak V˙O2) and a Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) for the determination of peak power (PP) and mean power (MP). The volume of the right thigh muscle was determined using magnetic resonance imaging. TMV was not significantly different in boys and girls [2.39 (0.29) l vs 2.18 (0.38) l, P 〉 0.05]. Peak V˙O2 and MP were significantly higher in boys than girls (P 〈 0.01) whether expressed in absolute, mass-related or allometrically scaled terms. Absolute PP was not significantly different in boys and girls but mass-related and allometrically scaled values were higher in boys (P 〈 0.01). TMV was correlated with absolute peak V˙O2, PP and MP in both sexes (r = 0.52–0.89, P 〈 0.01). In boys, mass-related PP was correlated with TMV (r =0.53, P 〈 0.01), and in girls mass-related peak V˙O2 was correlated with TMV (r = −0.61, P 〈 0.01). However, in neither sex were allometrically scaled peak V˙O2, PP or MP correlated with TMV (P 〉 0.05). There were no significant differences between boys and girls in terms of peak V˙O2, PP or MP when expressed in a ratio to TMV or allometrically scaled TMV. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that, when body size is appropriately accounted for using allometric scaling, TMV is unrelated to indices of aerobic and anaerobic power in 10-year-old children. Furthermore, there appear to be no qualitative differences in the muscle function of boys and girls in respect of aerobic and anaerobic function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004210050218
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    Anatomy of the normal acromion investigated using MRI (1997)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 382 (1997), S. 141-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Akromion ; Anatomie ; MRI ; Subakromialraum ; Key words Acromion ; Anatomy ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Subacromial space
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The shape of the acromion is strongly associated with impingement syndrome and with rotator cuff tears. It is notoriously difficult to image the acromion with conventional radiography. We have developed MRI techniques to depict the acromion in its longitudinal axis. Furthermore, we have measured the subacromial space in both external and internal rotation. In previous studies, three types of acromial shape have been described with the type III or hooked acromion being present in 66% of cases with rotator cuff tears. We studied 31 normal shoulders in 29 people using MRI. Within this population aged 24–36 years, mean age 31 years, no type III acromions were found. Twenty-one were type I (67.7%) and 10 were type II (32.3%). In addition, we found no difference in subacromial height in external or internal rotation. Low rates of intra- and interobserver error were found. These results imply that the hooked acromion is not present in the normal population and is, therefore, likely to be an acquired abnormality.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Form des Akromions ist entscheidend mit dem Impingementsyndrom und Rotatorenmanschettenrissen assoziiert. Es ist nur allzu bekannt, daß sich das Akromion mit herkömmlicher Radiographie nur schwierig darstellen läßt. Wir haben MRI-Techniken entwickelt, die es erlauben, das Akromion in seiner longitudinalen Achse darzustellen. Des weiteren haben wir den Subakromialraum sowohl in Außen- als auch in Innenrotation gemessen. In früheren Studien wurden 3 Typen der akromialen Form beschrieben, wobei der Typ 3 bzw. das Hooked-Akromion in 66% der Fälle von Rotatorenmanschettenrissen vorkommt. Wir untersuchten 31 normale Schultern bei 29 Personen mit MRI. In dieser Population mit einem Alter von 24–36 Jahren, Mittelwert 31 Jahre, wurde kein Typ-III-Akromion gefunden. 21 (67,7%) Schultern waren dem Typ I und 10 (32,3%) dem Typ II zuzuordnen. Zudem fanden wir keine Unterschiede der subakromialen Höhe in Außen- und Innenrotation. Mit Kontrollstudien wurden niedrige Intra- und Inter-Observer-Fehler nachgewiesen. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen daß das Hooked-Akromion in der Normalbevölkerung nicht auftritt und es sich hierbei demzufolge um eine erworbene Abnormalität handelt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00008032
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    Staging of laryngeal cancer: Endoscopy, computed tomography and magnetic resonance versus histopathology (1997)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 254 (1997), S. S117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Laryngeal neoplasms ; Tumor staging ; Endoscopy ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An accurate pretherapeutic staging of laryngeal cancer is required for optimal treatment planning and for evaluation and comparison of the results of different treatment modalities. In this study, 45 consecutive patients with neoplasms of the larynx, treated surgically, were included in a prospective pretherapeutic staging protocol that included indirect laryngoscopy, direct microlaryngoscopy, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and Gd-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The surgical specimens were cut in whole-organ slices parallel to the plane of the axial CT and MR images. The histologic findings were then compared with clinical findings, CT and MRI. These findings showed that clinical evaluation failed to identify tumor invasion of the laryngeal cartilages and extralaryngeal soft tissues, resulting in a low staging accuracy (55%). Many pT4 tumors were clinically understaged. The combination of clinical/endoscopic evaluation and either CT or MRI resulted in a significantly improved staging accuracy (80% vs 87%, respectively). MRI was significantly more sensitive but less specific than CT in detecting neoplastic cartilage invasion. MRI tended to overestimate neoplastic cartilage invasion to possibly result in overtreatment, while CT was found to underestimate neoplastic cartilage invasion and could lead to inadequate therapeutic decisions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02439740
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  • 135
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    Patient selection and surgical results in obstructive sleep apnea (1997)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 254 (1997), S. S157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Obstructive sleep apnea ; Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty ; Upper airway ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In recent years, therapeutic methods have been effective in the management of snoring and sleep apnea. Successful results have been possible through conservative and surgical approaches when the nature and site of obstruction is ascertained by careful investigation. Sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the upper respiratory tract has been the most valuable diagnostic tool in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. This has made it possible to measure the dimensions and distance of the hard and soft palate and tongue base to the posterior pharyngeal wall. Surgery is only indicated when a site of obstruction can be completely determined. In this study, surgical approaches and results obtained in 50 patients after surgery for sleep apnea are presented. Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) had a higher success rate in patients with obstruction at the level of the soft palate, but this rate decreased when it was associated with hypopharyngeal obstruction or when there was hypopharyngeal obstruction alone. UPPP was found to be beneficial in patients with central apnea. Nasal pathologies also played an important role in sleep apnea. Better results were obtained when UPPP was performed in patients who were young, not obese and an apnea-hypopnea index was below 40. Some unusual pathologies included lingual tonsil hypertrophy in the adult, sublingual dermoid cysts and angioma of soft palate and were found to be the cause of OSA. After surgical excision of these pathologies, apneic periods disappeared.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02439750
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    Electronic Resource
    Magnetization transfer imaging of multiple sclerosis (1997)
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 18 (1997), S. 359-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Cross relaxation ; Magnetization transfer ; Tissue relaxation ; Multiple sclerosis ; White matter disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario La risonanza magnetica per immagini (RMI) convenzionale fornisce informazioni sulla base del segnale derivante dai nuclei di idrogeno dell'acqua. Al contrario lamagnetization transfer (MT) RMI misura il segnale di nuclei dell'idrogeno associati a macromolecole tramite la loro interazione con l'acqua. Nel sistema nervoso centrale di un soggetto adulto normale, la sostanza bianca evidenzia il maggiore effetto di MT a causa dell'alto contenuto di macromolecole presente nella struttura complessa e ricca in lipidi della mielina. Condizioni patologiche in cui è alterata l'integrità e la composizione del binomio acqua-macromolecole mostrano un'alterata MT. Un valido esempio è rappresentato dalla sclerosi multipla, condizione patologica in cui la RMI convenzionale ha una alta sensitività per la individuazione della lesione, ma una bassa specificità nel differenziare lo stato patologico della placca. Al contrario, l'uso della MT RMI può fornire informazioni più specifiche riguardo il grado di demielinizzazione e perdita assonale. In questa review verranno trattati i concetti base della MT ed il suo ruolo nella caratterizzazione delle lesioni cerebrali da sclerosi multipla.
    Notes: Abstract While conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures signal primarily from the hydrogen nuclei of water, magnetization transfer (MT) MRI indirectly detects macromolecular associated hydrogen nuclei via their magnetic interaction with the observable water. In the normal adult CNS, white matter exhibits the largest MT effect due to the macromolecular content of the highly structured and lipid rich myelin. Pathologies which alter the structural integrity and the relative macromolecular-water composition, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), therefore show abnormal MT. Conventional MRI, which has a high MS lesion detection sensitivity but poor specificity in terms of differentiating the pathological state of a plaque, can thus be supplemented by MT to provide more specific information on the extent of demyelination and axonal loss. In this paper we review the basic concepts of MT imaging and its role in MS lesion characterization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02048239
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  • 137
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gliomatosis cerebri with good prognosis (1997)
    Springer
    Brain tumor pathology 14 (1997), S. 53-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1861-387X
    Keywords: Gliomatosis cerebri ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 52-year-old man was admitted to our clinic with severe headache and bilateral papilledema. Magnetic resonance (MR) images on admission demonstrated diffuse swelling of the cerebral cortex without formation of a tumor mass. Biopsy revealed diffuse infiltration with neoplastic glial cells. After radiation and chemotherapy, the MR images returned to normal. The morphological and neurological features of the present case met the criteria for gliomatosis cerebri. However, this patient showed an unusually good response to radiation and chemotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02478869
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