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  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of systemic administration of 6-hydroxydopamine on the circumventricular organs in nonhuman primates (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 191 (1978), S. 141-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Subfornical organ ; Third ventricle ; 6-Hydroxydopamine ; Electron microscopy ; Primate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OH-DA) has been shown to produces degenerative changes in noradrenergic nerve terminals and preterminals in the CNS following intracisternal, intraventricular, and stereotaxic injection into the brain parenchyma. Systemic injections of this drug are also known to result in degenerative changes in noradrenergic terminals in the peripheral nervous system and in the circumventricular organs (CVO; areas of the CNS which lie outside the blood brain barrier). In the present study eight adult female cynomolgus monkeys were employed. The four experimental animals were injected on two successive days with 150 and 200 mg/kg 6-OH-DA, respectively. The four controls received only the diluent consisting of 0.1% ascorbic acid in normal saline. Two animals from each of the experimental and control groups were sacrificed at 2 h and 24 h after the second injection. Degenerative changes in the SFO neurons were characterized by a generalized increase in electron density of cytoplasmic elements in axonal terminals and preterminals. Multilamellar bodies, and increases in the number of dense core vesicles, dense bodies and secondary lysosomes were also observed after treatment with 6-OH-DA. The neurons showed clumping of mitochondria, which also appeared to be undergoing degenerative changes. The vacuoles in some supraependymal cells were greatly dilated as was the Golgi apparatus in the ependymal cells. The ependymal cell layer appeared to be intact, but there were areas immediately deep to this cell layer that contained large extracellular spaces. This increase in extracellular space was also commonly observed surrounding the perivascular spaces. These phenomena greatly contribute to the “spongy” appearance that the SFO takes on after 6-OH-DA administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223222
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The frontal ganglion of Periplaneta americana L. (insecta) (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 191 (1978), S. 171-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Frontal ganglion ; Periplaneta ; Synaptic contacts ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The frontal ganglion, part of the stomatogastric nervous system, contains about 60 to 80 neurons, 25 to 30 μm in diameter. A well developed Golgi system, producing dense-core vesicles, lysosomes, multivesicular bodies and dense bodies are abundant. Glia elements are sparsely distributed. Many nerve fibres contain granules of different size and electron density. Five groups of fibres can be distinguished: Fibres with granules of about 200 nm (type A), fibres with granules of about 160 to 170 nm (type B), fibres with granules of about 80 to 100 nm (type C) and those with synaptic vesicles of 50 nm (type D) respectively. A fifth very small type contains neither vesicles nor granules. Special attention was paid to synaptic contacts. The divergent dyad seems to be the main type in the frontal ganglion. Frequently, neurosecretory endings are observed in presynaptic position. Immunocytochemical “staining” of neurosecretory material closely corresponds to the distribution of type A fibres, as observed electron microscopically. Immunoelectrophoresis of extracts from frontal ganglia with polyspecific anti-neurosecretion-serum reveals a single precipitation line, indicating that the immunocytochemical localization of neurosecretory material is due to reaction with a specific as well as a crossreagent antibody.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223225
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of antimicrotubular agents on the fine structure of the Golgi complex in embryonic chick osteoblasts (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 193 (1978), S. 247-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Osteoblasts (Chick embryo) ; Golgi complex ; Microtubules ; Colchicine ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Embryonic chick frontal bones were cultured in the presence of colchicine or vinblastine and subsequently examined by transmission electron microscopy. In control cultures the osteoblasts showed a large Golgi complex consisting of dictyosomes arranged in a well-defined juxtanuclear area. Microtubules were particularly numerous within this Golgi area although they could be observed throughout the cytoplasm. Colchicine and vinblastine caused the disappearance of cytoplasmic microtubules, while bundles of 10nm diameter filaments appeared more frequently. In addition, cell polarity was lost and the Golgi complex became disorganized, with the dictyosomes randomly dispersed in the cytoplasm and showing a decreased number of cisternae and an increased number of vacuoles, the latter generally lacking stainable material. Increased number of autophagosomes were also noted. These findings indicate that microtubules function in the organization of the Golgi complex in osteoblasts. In view of the well documented role of this organelle system in collagen secretion it is suggested that previously observed secretory disturbances produced by antimicrotubular drugs may be due to a defective transfer of material to the dictyosomes and/or a defect in the packaging and transport of such material away from them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00209038
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural and cytochemical studies on the cytodifferentiation of duodenal endocrine cells (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 194 (1978), S. 79-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Duodenum ; Endocrine cells ; Differentiation ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development and cytodifferentiation of endocrine cells that produce the gastrointestinal hormones gastrin, cholecystokinin and secretin have been studied by a combined fluorescence-cytochemical, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural approach. The results show that, during development, several ultrastructurally distinct cell types exhibit COOH-terminal gastrin and cholecystokinin immunoreactivity. Furthermore, some cells simultaneously contain both gastrin- and cholecystokinin-specific antigenic determinants. Studies on the time course of development of gastrin and cholecystokinin cells, together with the above-mentioned data, suggest that gastrin cells may be converted into cholecystokinin cells in development. During this period, gastrin, cholecystokinin and secretin cells store the biogenic monoamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine a feature not displayed by the adult counter-parts of these cells. In the adult duodenum, characteristic enterochromaffin (EC) cells store 5-hydroxytryptamin for which, evidence for a possible hormonal role has been presented. Taken together, our data indicate that the differentiation of duodenal endocrine cells occurs in distinct steps, each involving a restriction in the biosynthetic repertoire of the cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00209235
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of guinea pig heterophil granulocytes and the heterogeneity of the granules (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 194 (1978), S. 183-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Bone marrow ; Heterophil granulocytes ; Granules ; Guineapig ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of the heterophil granulocytes in the bone marrow of the guinea pig is described. During the maturation of these cells, three types of granule are formed, not only the azurophil and specific granules already described in other mammals but also a third type of granule referred to here as the nucleated granule. During the process of maturation of the cells, these three types of granule are formed successively. On this basis, two steps can be distinguished in the promyelocyte phase in which primary (nucleated and azurophil) granules are formed, i.e. an early and a late stage, nucleated granules being formed in early and azurophil granules in late promyelocytes. Secondary (specific) granules occur first in myelocytes. In mature heterophils of the guinea pig the granule population is composed of about 85% secondary granules, about 10% azurophil granules, and about 5% nucleated granules. The changes in the granule population during the maturation process were quantified. The observations and calculations point to the occurrence of three mitoses: one in the early and one in the late promyelocyte and the third in the myelocyte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220388
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytochalasin B-induced changes in concanavalin A-activated lymphocytes (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 194 (1978), S. 279-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: 14C-thymidine incorporation ; Autoradiography ; Multinucleated blasts ; Electron microscopy ; Deformities of cellular membranes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cytochalasin B (CB) administered simultaneously with a mitogenic dose of concanavalin A (Con A) interferes with the activation process. This interference involves structural alterations of cellular membrane which do not include a reduced Con A-binding capacity. This conclusion is supported by the observation of deformities in both nuclear and cytoplasmic membranes in Con A-activated lymphocytes subsequently treated with CB. The high incidence of membrane blebs and pseudomyelin bodies in the cytoplasm points to a general effect of CB on the structural organization of membrane which may secondarily interfere with some specific event such as generation or transfer of signals for activation or cytokinesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220394
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Presynaptic and postsynaptic organelles of synapses formed in cultures of previously dissociated mouse spinal cord (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 194 (1978), S. 503-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cell cultures ; Electron microscopy ; Synaptic organelles ; Spinal cord (mouse)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study describes some of the ultrastructural features of presynaptic and postsynaptic organelles at synapses developed in cultures of previously dissociated mouse spinal cord cells. Particular attention was paid to the agranular reticulum which is well developed at many presynaptic and postsynaptic sites, either in the form of simple tubules or cisternae, or more complex networks and often closely associated with mitochondria. In addition, the disposition of microtubules at and close to synaptic specializations is described. These and other features of synaptic zones, such as granular vesicles in presynaptic sites, are discussed in relation to cultures developed on feeder layers and synapses in vivo, and in relations to possible degenerative and regenerative events in the cell cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236169
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myosatellite cells associated with different muscle fibre types in the Atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa, L.) (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 195 (1978), S. 17-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Myosatellite cells ; Muscles ; Atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa, L.) ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The incidence of myosatellite cells associated with “white” and “red” muscle fibres of the parietal muscle and “red” fibres of the craniovelar muscle was estimated by quantitative electron microscopy in the Atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa, L.). Myosatellite cell nuclei constitute 3, 11 and 23 % of the total number of nuclei inside the basal lamina of the three types of muscle fibres, respectively. However, the total number of nuclei is highest in “white” fibres, most of the nuclei belonging to striated muscle cells. Myosatellite cell profiles in transverse sections constitute 23, 41 and 61 % of the number of muscle fibre profiles of the three types, respectively. The intervals between adjacent myosatellite cells are ∼ 135 μm in “white” fibres, ∼ 55 μm in “red” parietal fibres, and only ∼ 25 μm in craniovelar fibres. Since craniovelar fibres are also comparatively thin, myosatellite cells constitute a significant fraction of the volume inside the basal lamina in these fibres. The myosatellite cells are ∼ 30–50 μm long and up to 5 μm thick. Some myosatellite cells possess few organelles, whereas others appear to contain many free ribosomes, granular endoplasmic reticulum, prominent Golgi apparatus and lysosome-like bodies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233674
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural localization of radiolabelled L-dopa in the endocrine hypothalamus of the rat (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 195 (1978), S. 29-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endocrine hypothalamus (rat) ; Arcuate nucleus ; L-dopa ; Autoradiography ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Light and electron microscopic autoradiography has been employed to define the neuroanatomical patterns of uptake and binding of radiolabelled L-dopa in the endocrine hypothalamus of the rat. A dorsomedial continuum of arcuate and periventricular neurons selectively sequester 3H L-dopa 20 min following its intraventricular infusion. By 40 and 60 min following the infusion labelling of neurons is minimal and supports the notion of rapid degradation. Other cell compartments such as tanycytes demonstrate uptake of 3H L-dopa. The ultrastructural localization and distribution of radiolabelled L-dopa (or its metabolites) in the rodent hypothalamus is discussed with respect to mechanisms and cell compartments involved in neuroendocrine regulatory processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233675
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural evidence for adrenergic nerve degeneration in the guinea pig uterus during pregnancy (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 195 (1978), S. 189-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Guinea pig uterus ; Myometrium, pregnancy ; Sympathetic nerves ; Electron microscopy ; Axon degeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the guinea pig myometrium, the adrenergic nerves selectively demonstrated at the ultrastructural level after treatment with 5-OH-DA, show varying degree of degeneration during pregnancy. The changes are more extensive in a late gestational stage (40–45 days) than in an early one (20–25 days), and are particularly evident in the uterus overlying the conceptus as compared to the regions between the fetuses. Scattered degenerative changes were also observed in myometrial specimens from virgin animals, but probably reflect the normal continuous turnover of axons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233686
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-ependymal cilia in the habenulae and the interpeduncular nucleus of the frog tadpole (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 195 (1978), S. 527-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ciliated neurons ; Habenula ; Interpeduncular nucleus ; Electron microscopy ; Rana esculenta, tadpole
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cilia of the 9+2 pattern are found electron microscopically in nonependymal cells of the habenulae and the interpeduncular nucleus of the tadpole of Rana esculenta at an early stage of development (8 mm length, head to tip of tail). A comparison is made between these and the ependymal and sensory cilia in the same specimens. The cilia project into the neuropil emerging from a perikaryon rich in free ribosomes and displaying a prominent Golgi apparatus. These perikarya contain dense core vesicles. Synapses with vesicles of the clear spherical type have been observed along the ciliary shaft. On a purely morphologic basis the authors hypothesize that these cilia, at least in this early ontogenetic stage, may extend considerably the conducting surface of the cell and represent a sensory structure which could be stimulated by terminal processes belonging to distantly located cells. In addition, they could also be involved in the trophic exchange of material with the adjacent structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233894
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phagocytosis of osteocytes by osteoclasts in femora of two week-old rabbits (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 195 (1978), S. 557-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Osteoclasts ; Osteocytes ; Bone resorption ; Phagocytosis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The osteoclast-osteocyte relationship at the endosteal surface of femora of two-week old rabbits was studied. Light microscopic observations suggest that during physiological resorption phagocytosis by osteoclasts of osteocytes takes place. Serial sections confirm that the cells are totally engulfed within the cytoplasm of the osteoclasts. Ultrastructural studies support these findings and indicate that the initial stage of phagocytosis of the osteocytes consists of the insinuation of an extension of the ruffled border into the osteocyte lacuna. These extensions are seen to make close contact with the osteocytes prior to their engulfment by the osteoclasts and their final digestion within phagosomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233897
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fine structural localization of acetylcholinesterase in the muscle spindle of the rat (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 186 (1978), S. 39-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Muscle spindle ; Nerve endings ; Acetylcholinesterase ; Cytochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Muscle spindles from lumbricalis muscles of the rat were incubated for acetylcholinesterase with a modified thiocholine-method of Lewis and Shute and examined by light and electron microscopy. All types of motor nerve ending showed heavy deposits of reaction product in the synaptic cleft. The underlying sarcoplasmic reticulum, transverse tubular system, and, when present, the envelope of sole plate nuclei were also stained. In the sensory region, the reaction was negative in the interface between the plasma membranes of the primary sensory terminal and muscle. One of two secondary sensory endings identified showed distinct reaction product in the cleft; the other secondary sensory ending showed no such reaction. Precipitates were present on the sarcolemma of the intrafusal muscle fibers in the polar and adjacent myotube regions, but not at the spindle equator. Extrafusal and intrafusal myelinated γ-nerve fibers and preterminal motor axons showed staining of the axolemma. Fibers with thick myelin sheaths and preterminal sensory axons were free of acetylcholinesterase activity, as were the unmyelinated nerve fibers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219653
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of rat pituitary LH gonadotrophs in relation to serum and pituitary LH levels following repeated LH-RH stimulation (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 190 (1978), S. 135-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serum and pituitary LH ; Rat gonadotrophs ; LH-RH and Granule release, Synthesis and Degradation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of single and repeated LH-RH injections at 120 min intervals on female rat LH gonadotrophs and on pituitary and serum LH levels were investigated using electronmicroscopy and radioimmunoassay. A temporary stimulation of granule release, of protein and new granule synthesis and of the accumulation of lysosomal structures was found in LH cells after the first LH-RH injection. The temporary stimulations were massively enhanced after the second injection. These consecutive yet in their time-sequence overlapping processes account for the initial depletion of secretory granule content (3–15 min after LH-RH injection), for the subsequent regranulation and accumulation of granules above control levels (60–120 min after injection) and also for the reduction in the number of granules to control levels (150 min after LH-RH injection and thereafter). Increased polymorphic lysosomal structures are believed to be responsible for this reduction of excess granules. The amount of assayable pituitary and serum LH generally corresponds with the morphological changes observed in LH-gonadotrophs, thus further substantiating the above observations. A schema which summarizes the observed morphological and hormonal changes in their time-sequence in response to LH-RH stimulation depicts the short-term regulation of secretory processes in female gonadotrophs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210043
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the surface morphology of the rabbit endometrium related to the estrous and progestational stages of the reproductive cycle (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 190 (1978), S. 207-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endometrium ; Rabbit ; Reproductive cycle ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Changes occurring on the surface of the uterine luminal epithelium of the rabbit during the estrous and progestational stages of the reproductive cycle were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The findings demonstrate that the uterine epithelium, or endometrium, contains two cell types: ciliated cells and nonciliated, microvillous cells. In estrous animals, ciliated cells, although not very numerous, were usually observed in small groups. However, at increasing intervals of time following mating, ciliated cells progressively disappeared from the endometrium until approximately eight to ten days post coitum, when they became scare. From several hours to four to five days following mating, extensive changes occurred on the surfaces of microvillous cells. When observed by TEM, these elements contained organelles typical of cells involved in the synthesis and secretion of glycoproteins. Furthermore, microvillous cells during this period displayed numerous apical protrusions of different sizes and shapes and containing material of varying electron density. Parallel SEM examinations of the same material confirmed the presence of these protrusions. Some of the protrusions appeared as spheroidal masses attached to the cytoplasm by means of a cytoplasmic strand. Other surface masses were clearly unattached to the cell surface and were distributed (1) on the surface of microvillous cells, (2) on the cilia of adjacent ciliated cells, and (3) on the surface of spermatozoa. Changes occurring on the luminal surface during the early postcoital period are interpreted as an expression of morphodynamic processes likely involving coupled secretion (exocytosis) and resorption (endocytosis) of luminal material. The observations presented here also demonstrate that between six and ten days post coitum, the rabbit endometrium contained increasing numbers of enlarged, nonciliated cells that probably arose by the fusion of smaller, microvillous elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218170
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  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure and composition of the submucous nerve plexus of the guinea-pig trachea (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 190 (1978), S. 301-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Trachea (Guinea-Pig) ; Plexus submucosus ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the nerves forming the submucous plexus of cervical and thoracic parts of the trachea was studied in the guinea-pig. Specimens were obtained from 6 animals perfused with warm fixative and from 6 animals in which pieces of trachea were incubated in buffer containing 5-hydroxydopamine before being immersed in cold fixative. Of the two types of axonal terminal identified in the nerves, one contained mainly large dense-cored vesicles, and the second contained numerous small vesicles. In specimens incubated in 5-hydroxydopamine, the small vesicles of the latter terminals exhibited the electron-dense cores which are characteristic of adrenergic axonal terminals. Counts made on perfused specimens showed that, in both the thoracic and cervical parts of the trachea, the density of adrenergic terminals was higher than that of terminals containing mainly large dense-cored vesicles. Overall terminal density was, however, higher in the thoracic than in the cervical part of the trachea, and estimates of nerve size showed that this was associated with the presence in the thoracic plexus of a substantially greater proportion of nerves with less than 6 axons. The possible function of the nerves in the control of the calibre of the submucous blood vessels was discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218177
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  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gonadotropic cells in the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 191 (1978), S. 187-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary ; GTH-cells ; Teleost ; Immunofluorescence ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The gonadotropin-producing cells (GTH-cells) in the Atlantic salmon were studied light and electron microscopically before, during and after spawning, and after injections of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH). The double immunofluorescent technique was applied using rabbit anti-carp GTH as the first antibody. Numerous immunofluorescent cells were observed throughout the pars distalis, but very few in the pars intermedia. These cells are basophilic and PAS-positive, and ultrastructurally classified as globular gonadotropes. Only one gonadotropic cell type could be identified; its size, morphology and fine structure vary considerably. In the same specimen the GTH-cells can be predominantly globular or vesicular in appearance, depending on the reproductive phase of the fish. At spawning and after LH-RH injection, many GTH-cells reach a vacuolar stage; the content of the vacuoles is not immunofluorescent. Another cell type, which resembles GTH-cells in semithin sections, did not show gonadotropic properties; its nature and functional significance are unknown. In addition, the present study revealed an increase in the synthetic and exocytotic activity of prolactin cells after LH-RH injections. It is suggested that LH-RH mediates this effect via LH and eventually via estradiol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222419
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  • 118
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystalloid structures within giant mitochondria of the prothoracic glands of Spodoptera littoralis (Bois) (Lepidoptera) (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 191 (1978), S. 357-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Prothoracic glands ; Insects ; Electron microscopy ; Macromitochondria ; Crystalloid organization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of the prothoracic glands of Spodoptera littoralis was investigated during the first half of the last larval instar. The secretory cells have two types of mitochondria, micromitochondria and macromitochondria. The micromitochondria have rounded to elongated profiles and sometimes branch. They contain lamellar, tubular and also tubulo-vesicular cristae. The macromitochondria appear generally rounded or oval and possess tubular cristae. Many regular parallel membranes appear within macromitochondria. Favorable sections show tubular structures packed in honeycomb fashion. The mitochondrial cristae are in connection with the tubular structures. Honeycomb and parallel membranes increase in number as the size of the macromitochondria increases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222430
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  • 119
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of venules in the cat brain (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 192 (1978), S. 461-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cerebral vessels ; Venules ; Pericytes ; Electron microscopy ; Microvasculature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intracerebral venules of the cat were examined to establish criteria for a distinct separation between the venous and arterial system, and to characterize, in greater detail, the mural construction of individual venules. The intracerebral venules were compared with those of other organs. Venules do not have a vascular wall composed clearly of endothelium, media, and adventitia, as is characteristic of arteries and arterioles. The venous endothelium has a similar structure to that of capillaries. The periendothelial cells of the venule differ in shape depending on the vascular diameter. The number of periendothelial cell processes in postcapillary venules increases progressively. Segments in which the basal lamina of the endothelium merges with that of the glia cover a smaller portion of the circumference than in venous capillary loops. In collecting venules, the endothelium is almost completely enveloped by periendothelial cells which have a larger number of filaments. There are no typical smooth muscle cells in the intracerebral venules. The perivascular space becomes wider in collecting venules, contains adventitial cells, phagocytes and a great number of collagen fibers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212326
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    Ultrastructure of the different zones of the tectorial membrane (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 193 (1978), S. 11-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Tectorial membrane ; Organ of Corti ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The tectorial membrane (t.m.) of mammals, which lies over the organ of Corti, is made up of an agglomerate of protofibrils of varying degrees of hydration. Two types of protofibrils are clearly distinguishable in the mouse t.m. While type-A protofibrils are straight and unbranched (thickness: 110Å) demonstrating a periodic structure (period = 70Å), type-B protofibrils are branched and coiled (thickness: 150–200Å). These protofibrils could be systematically ordered according to the different t.m. zones. Type-A protofibrils predominate in the basal layer and in the entire middle zone, where they are interlaced with strongly hydrated type-B protofibrils. Weakly hydrated type-B protofibrils essentially make up the marginal zone (with the marginal net), the covering net, Hensen's stripe and the immediate contact layer with the limbus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221597
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  • 121
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    Mixed (chemical and electrical) synapses on frog spinal motoneurons (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 193 (1978), S. 41-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Electrical synapse (frog) ; Electrotonic coupling ; Electron microscopy ; Freeze fracture ; Gap junction ; Mixed synapse ; Motoneuron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Freeze-fracture replicas and ultrathin sections were used to characterize the gap junctions on the somata and large dendrites of frog motoneurons found earlier by Sonnhof et al. (1977). In freeze-fracture replicas one of the specific features of these relatively frequent gap junctions is the presence of circular regions of non-junctional membrane (“fenestrae”) within areas of typical gap junction appearance displaying P-face particles or E-face pits. Such “fenestrated” gap junctions are mostly associated with membrane specializations indicative of the active zone of a chemical synapse (including vesicle attachment sites in non anaesthetized animals) to constitute mixed synapses. These findings could be verified in ultrathin sections, which revealed that the vesicles of the chemical component of the mixed synapses were spherical and agranular. Our results suggest that the mixed synapses are predominantly axo-somatic and axo-dendritic. The existence of dendro-dendritic gap junctions in the ventral horn region as described by Sotelo and Taxi (1970) was verified in ultrathin sections; they were rare, solely electrotonic in character, and probably represent the morphological basis for the VR-EPSP (Katz and Miledi, 1963; Kubota and Brookhart, 1963), i.e. electrotonic coupling between motoneurons of different spinal segments (Washizu, 1960). Electrotonic coupling can also be demonstrated between motoneurons and afferent fibers of the dorsal root and the lateral column. Electrotonic potentials recorded within motoneurons during electrical stimulation of dorsal root or lateral column precede the chemical postsynaptic potentials; after Mn2+ blockade of chemical synaptic transmission, the electrotonic component persists. Some fibers of these afferent pathways are therefore assumed to act monosynaptically on the motoneuron via mixed axo-somatic and axo-dendritic synapses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221600
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  • 122
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    Apical protuberances of supporting cells in the regio olfactoria of the mole, Talpa europaea, Linnaeus, 1758 (Insectivora, Talpidae) (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 193 (1978), S. 175-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Olfactory epithelium ; Supporting cells ; Protuberances ; Electron microscopy ; Insectivora ; Talpidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The regio olfactoria of the mole, Talpa europaea, was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Peculiar structural differentiations, i.e. ovoid-shaped, balloon-like protuberances were found on the surface of the supporting cells. The apical portion of these protuberances contained finely dispersed granular material, whereas in their central part vesicular extensions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum were observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221610
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  • 123
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    Recent observations on the ultrastructure of human urothelium (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 193 (1978), S. 543-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Human ; Urinary bladder epithelium ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An electron microscopic study of normal bladder urothelium of elderly patients ranging in age from 61 to 82 years has shown the occurrence of unusually thin regions consisting of either one or two layers of undifferentiated cells interspersed between 3–4 cell layers thick regions. A morphometric study has confirmed the existence of a pattern of cytodifferentiation in cells of the thick region. The generally microvillous nature of the luminal surface is attributed to incompletely differentiated cells that have come to occupy the superficial layer. The lack of thickened and/or asymmetric membrane plaques in luminal plasma as well as the dearth of characteristic precursor vesicles in the cytoplasm are also explicable in terms of a failure of normal cell differentiation. It is suggested that the unusual features noted are consequences of tissue ageing rather than prognostic of cancer. There are indications that the aged urothelium may be prone to increased leakiness and the bladder tissues may therefore be at greater risk from urine-borne chemicals and carcinogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225350
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  • 124
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    The effects of vinblastine on acinar cells of the exorbital lacrimal gland of the rat (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 195 (1978), S. 227-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vinblastine ; Lacrimal gland ; Electron microscopy ; Autophagy ; Secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of vinblastine treatment on acinar cells of the rat exorbital lacrimal gland were studied by electron microscopy. Experimental animals of both sexes were given single intraperitoneal injections of (1) vinblastine (4mg/kg body weight) at 1 to 24 h before sacrifice; (2) pilocarpine (20 mg/kg b.w.) for 1 h; or (3) vinblastine for l h followed by pilocarpine for 1 h. Vinblastine treatment caused a number of changes including autophagocytosis, formation of intracisternal granules, and alteration of secretory granules. These changes varied in extent and onset between male and female rats. In addition, the Golgi apparatus was reduced in size and dispersed throughout the cytoplasm. Mitotic figures were commonly observed. Moreover, vinblastine inhibited the pilocarpine-stimulated degranulation of the acinar cells. In view of the known anti-microtubular action of vinblastine, these results suggest that microtubules are involved in various aspects of the transport, packaging, and secretion of exportable proteins in the lacrimal gland. Additionally, autophagocytosis and alteration of secretory granules may partially result from the interaction of vinblastine with membranes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236721
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  • 125
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    Ultrastructure of the age-involuted adult human thymus (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 186 (1978), S. 507-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Human thymus ; Age involution ; Cellular composition of cortex, medulla and connective tissue ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Age involuted thymus tissue from a middle aged (33 years) and an old (63 years) man have been examined by electron microscopy and compared with thymus tissue from children. Biopsies had been taken during surgical correction of congenital heart defects. The fine structural architecture of cortex, medulla and connective tissue in the remaining lymphatic islands in the adult thymus investigated was not different to the thymus of children. We were surprised to find vigorous lymphocytopoiesis in the cortical regions and to recognize extended areas of medulla with a cellular composition which obviously provides the same microenvironment for T-cell maturation as the medulla of the non involuted thymus. Our findings are discussed in relation to the increasing arguments that the human thymus serves an immunological function throughout life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224939
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  • 126
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    Cellular organization of the embryonic lobster heart (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 188 (1978), S. 171-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Embryonic heart ; Crustacea (Homarus americanus) ; Cardiac muscle ; Intercellular junctions ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cellular organization of the embryonic heart of the lobster Homarus americanus was examined in 6-week and 6-month-old animals. The heart wall consists of an outer adventitial layer of fibroblast cells and an inner layer of transversely striated myocardial cells. Present in close association with the myocardium are cardiac neurons, hemocytes and so-called storage cells. Adjacent fibroblasts form fasciae adhaerentes and gap junctions. Adherent junctions also occur between fibroblasts and myocardial cells. Intercalated discs and differentiated membrane regions of close apposition (4 nm) occur between adjacent myocardial cells. The cardiac neurons form a ganglion that contains four small and five large somata. Regions of neuropil are present. Motor axons arising from the cardiac ganglion form neuromuscular synapses with the myocardial cells. The storage cells contain large inclusions and form gap junctions with the myocardial cells. They may supply nutritive material to the developing myocardium. The heart at 6 weeks is about 200 μm long and 160 μm wide. At 6 months, it is about 300 μm long and 250 μm wide. The myocardium at 6 weeks is one cell layer thick, and the cells are from 2–6 μm in maximum width. At 6 months the myocardium is 2–4 cells thick, and the cells are from 6–12 μm in width. Therefore, the myocardium grows by an increase in the number and size of the myocardial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222629
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  • 127
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    Feinstrukturelle Untersuchungen über das Nuclear-Channel-System im menschlichen Endometrium (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 223 (1977), S. 195-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Human endometrium ; Nucleus ; Nucleolus ; Channel system ; Elektronenmikroskopie ; Menschliches Endometrium ; Nukleus ; Nukleolus ; Channel-System
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Nuclear-Channel-System ist eine runde bis ellipsoide Struktur, deren Tubuli querangeschnitten oder längsangeschnitten in eine elektronendichte Matrix eingebettet sind. Das NCS liegt meist der Kernmembran dicht an, die in diesem Bereich Einziehungen aufweist. Gelegentlich ist ein Kontakt der Kernmembran mit der Membran eines Tubulus zu beobachten. Im NCS sind Partikel festzustellen, die den 150 Å großen Partikeln des Nucleolus vergleichbar sind, was auf einen Gehalt des NCS an RNA schließen läßt. In hier vorliegenden Untersuchungen konnte das NCS in Zellkernen endometrialer Drüsenzellen während der mittleren und späten Proliferationsphase beobachtet werden. Diese Befunde sprechen gegen eine zwingende Abhängigkeit des Auftretens des NCS vom Zeitpunkt der Ovulation. Das NCS kann somit nicht als eine für postovulatorisches Endometrium typische Struktur angesehen werden. Offensichtlich bestehen zwischen den hormonellen Faktoren und der Ausbildung des NCS Beziehungen, deren Bedeutung bis heute nicht sicher beurteilt werden kann.
    Notes: Summary The Nuclear Channel System (NCS) is a distinct endometrial pattern as observed by transmission electron microscopy. The NCS was identified in the present study in cell nuclei of endometrial glands during mid and late proliferation. These observations do not support the concept that the NCS develops at the ovulation, and is therefore not a typical post ovulatory structure. It is suggested that there are relations between hormonal factors and the development of the NCS which are as yet no clarified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00667389
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    Ultrastrukturell-morphometrische Untersuchungen an Leberbiopsien — Der Einfluß von Ovulationshemmern auf die menschliche Leber (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 223 (1977), S. 205-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Stereology ; Human liver ; Oral contraceptives ; Elektronenmikroskopie ; Stereologie ; Menschliche Leber ; Orale Kontrazeptiva
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden Leberbiopsien von 12 Frauen feinstrukturell-morphometrisch untersucht, die über einen Zeitraum von 2 Monaten bis zu 8 Jahren ein Kombinationspräparat zur hormonellen Antikonzeption eingenommen hatten. Die stereologischen Daten wurden bereits vorher erstellten Basiswerten für normale Lebern (Roessner et al., 1977) gegenübergestellt und auf signifikante Unterschiede hin überprüft (p〈0,001). Eine deutliche Volumenzunahme lysosomaler Zelleinschlüsse pro ml Hepatocyten und eine leichte Cytoplasmavergrößerung bei gleichzeitiger Verkleine-rung der Nuclei kennzeichnen die Veränderungen der Hepatocyten. Alle übrigen ermittelten Parameter lassen den Schluß zu, daß wesentliche Alterationen der Ultrastruktur der menschlichen Leber nach hormoneller Kontrazeption nicht auftreten. Ob damit auch funktionelle Alterationen auszuschließen sind, kann hier nicht beantwortet werden.
    Notes: Summary Liver biopsies from 12 healthy women were investigated morphometrically — according to the methods of Weibel (1969). All women had taken an oral contraceptive agent during 2 til 76 months. The evaluated stereological datas were compared with base-line datas for normal human liver biopsies, which were elaborated in a previous investigation (Roessner et al., 1977). Statistical analysis was performed on an IBM 360/50 computer system, including F- and student's t-test. In the liver biopsy-specimen from the women, which were on oral contraceptives, the volume-density of lysosomes per ml hepatocytes shows a pronounced, significant (p〈0.001) increase. A moderate increase of cytoplasm is combined with decrease of nuclei-volume. The surface-densities of the rough and smooth endoplasmatic reticulum do not differ significantly from the datas calculated from normal human liver biopsies. All other datas too demonstrate that there are no striking changes in the ultrastructure of human liver, caused by oral contraceptives. Functional alterations however can not be excluded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00667390
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    The ultrastructure of granuloma annulare (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 259 (1977), S. 225-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Granuloma annulare ; Necrobiosis of collagen ; Palisading granuloma ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Neun Fälle von Granuloma annulare in verschiedenen Entwicklungsstadien wurden elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht, insbesondere Kollagenveränderungen, das entzündliche Infiltrat und Gefäßalterationen. Die nekrobiotischen Veränderungen des Kollagens bestehen in Auflockerung der Bündel vom Rande her, Schwellung der Fibrillen mit Verlust ihrer Querstreifung, völliger Desintegration des Kollagens und Niederschlägen von mucinösen Substanzen, Fibrin und Glykogen. In 2 Fällen waren sogenannte “filamentöse quergestreifte Aggregationen” (= sog. “long-spacing collagen”) nachweisbar. In späteren Stadien zeigte sich Kollagenneubildung. Im Infiltrat sind vor allem Histiocyten/Makrophagen mit Übergängen zu Epitheloidzellen und Riesenzellen, daneben auch Lymphocyten und später Neutrophile identifizierbar. Gefäßveränderungen bestehen in Endothelschwellung und Basalmembranverdoppelungen. Es besteht ein perivasculäres Infiltrat, jedoch keine echte Vaskulitis. Die Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, daß die Nekrobiose des Kollagens ohne primäre Vaskulitis ein initiales Ereignis bei Granuloma annulare darstellt. Pathogenetisch wird ein Immungeschehen vom verzögerten Typ diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Nine cases of granuloma annulare at different stages of development were investigated electron microscopically. Special attention was given to collagen changes, to the cellular infiltrate, and to vascular changes. The necrobiotic changes of the collagen were: loosening of the fibers at the borders of the bundles; swelling and loss of cross-striation of the fibrils; and complete degradation of the collagen, with precipitation of mucinous and fibrin material and of glycogen. In 2 cases “cross-banded filamentous aggregations” were present. In later stages new collagen synthesis occurred. In the infiltrate, histiocytes/macrophages were seen developing into epithelioid and giant cells. In addition, numerous active lymphocytes and, at later stages, some neutrophils were found. Vascular changes consisted of endothelial swelling and duplications of the basal lamina. A perivascular infiltrate was present, but no distinct vasculitis was seen. Our results indicate that the necrobiosis of the collagen without primary vasculitis may be an initial event in granuloma annulare. A delayed hypersensitivity mechanism is discussed with regard to pathogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561450
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  • 130
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    Chronic megakaryocytic-granulocytic myelosis — An electron microscopic study (1977)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 373 (1977), S. 191-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Myeloproliferative disorder ; Thrombocytes ; Megakaryocytic-granulocytic myelosis ; Bone marrow biopsy ; Megakaryocyte lineage ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of the bone marrow in chronic megakaryocytic-granulocytic myelosis (CMGM) was studied in 5 nontreated patients to investigate possible malignant proliferation of megakaryocytes and the role of megakaryopoiesis in fibrillogenesis, terminating in osteomyelofibrosis. In comparison with normal megakaryopoiesis there is an enormous increase of the megakaryocytic cell line and many immature and atypical forms are seen. Most conspicuous are microforms, nuclear-cytoplasmic disorganization and nuclear inclusions. Asynchrony of maturation causes abnormal thrombocytogenesis with premature detachment of platelets resulting in immature and peculiar giant forms of thrombocytes. Besides megakaryocytes appearing superficially normal the maturation anarchy of many cells is so severe that by analogy with observations in other leukaemic cells these abnormalities are thought to be representative of a malignant growth. Moreover, there is a striking accumulation of microfibrils and single collagen fibres around megakaryoblasts. Since these cells contain all those organelles commonly associated with fibre production the initial step for fibrillogenesis may therefore arise from the megakaryoblasts prior to platelet release, or any fibroblast proliferation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432237
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  • 131
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    Immunohistochemical and electronmicroscopic observations on the local immune response in ulcerative colitis (1977)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 374 (1977), S. 271-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Ulcerative colitis ; Immunoperoxidase ; Complement demonstration ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Inflammatory cell infiltrates in ulcerative colitis have been investigated by means of the immunoperoxidase method and by electronmicroscopy. Considerable morphological and functional changes of the local plasma cell population have been found. The absolute number of plasma cells is raised with a marked increase of IgG-cells and a relative decrease of IgA-cells. In particular complement (C3) has been demonstrated at the basement membrane of the surface epithelium and between epithelial cells. The significance of these findings, as a local humoral immune response, is briefly considered, with regard to their possible pathogenetic importance in aggravating and perpetuating the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432650
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  • 132
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    Distribution of mucosubstances in adenoid cystic carcinoma (1977)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 375 (1977), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Adenoid cystic carcinoma ; Cylindroma ; Salivary glands ; Mucosubstances ; Cytochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of mucosubstances in adenoid cystic carcinoma was investigated, and an attempt was made to characterize histochemically the various mucosubstances present. For these purposes the high iron diamine technique (HID), as well as the Astra blue, aldehyde fuchsin and Alcian blue staining methods were employed. Alcian blue was further combined with the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) technique, the Alcian blue being applied at pH levels between 0.5 and 2.5. In addition the effects of neuraminidase and hyaluronidase treatment as well as methylation and acid hydrolysis procedures on the staining qualities were studied. Acidic mucosubstances with varying histochemical properties were present in different structures of the neoplasm. The characteristic pseudocyst, a major structural component of the neoplasm, stained strongly with HID, Astra blue, aldehyde fuchsin and Alcian blue at low pH. These staining reactions were markedly suppressed by hyaluronidase treatment, and are apparently attributable to the presence of chondroitin 4- and/or 6-sulfate. Employing the Alcian blue-critical electrolyte concentration technique, the basophilia of the pseudocysts was suppressed at a concentration of 0.5–0.6 M MgCl2, which might indicate polysaccharides of relatively low degree of sulfation. An additional, non-sulfated acid mucin could also be demonstrated in these structures. In certain duct and gland like structures of the tumours, a change in staining pattern from blue or blue-red to red could be observed after exposure of the sections to neuraminidase and subsequent staining with the Alcian blue (pH 2.5)-PAS sequence. Similar observations were also made when the pH of the Alcian blue was lowered to 1.5–1.0, as well as after acid hydrolysis. These findings afford evidence for the presence of a neuraminidase susceptive sialomucin in certain epithelial secretions of the tumor. At the ultrastructural level the replicated basement lamina of the pseudocysts displayed a strong positive reaction with the PA-CrA-silver staining technique. Furthermore, amorphous material within the lumina of small duct like structures also displayed a positive reaction. The amorphous material of the cystic compartments was less reactive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430640
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    Esthesioneuroblastoma (1977)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 375 (1977), S. 123-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Esthesioneuroblastoma ; Light microscopy ; Electron microscopy ; Argyrophil reaction ; Formaldehyde-induced fluorescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of esthesioneuroblastoma was examined by histological, histochemical and electron microscopic techniques. The tumour cells showed an argyrophil reaction with the Grimelius technique and contained cytoplasmic secretory granules, but in contrast to previous reports were devoid of histochemically demonstrable biogenic amines. For routine diagnosis the argyrophil technique may be useful in differentiating this type of tumour from epidermoid carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428100
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  • 134
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    Target-targetoid phenomenon of the human muscle fibers (1977)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 375 (1977), S. 13-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Target-targetoid phenomenon ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Z-band alteration ; Incomplete innervation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Target and targetoid fibers in a muscle biopsy from a patient with paralysis of the deltoid and supraspinatus muscles were studied by light and electron microscopy. The probable cause of the neuropathy was tumor compression. Target and targetoid change was exclusively confined to hypertrophic or normal-sized fibers. Morphometric evaluation of the target and targetoid fibers showed no significant difference between them. With the electron microscope, up to 4 structural zones were seen in the typical target fiber but many were devoid of either zone 2 (halo) or zone 3, or both. It was conceivable that focal irregularity and streaming of Z-bands were the primary alterations in the process of target-targetoid fiber formation, and that this phenomenon was induced both by partial residual innervation as well as re-innervation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430641
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  • 135
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    Spontaneous atherosclerosis: An ultrastructural study in the White Carneau pigeon (1977)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 375 (1977), S. 147-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Atherosclerosis ; Pigeon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The atherosclerotic lesions, associated with the celiac intimal smooth muscle cushions, of four and five year old White Carneau pigeons were studied with the light and electron miscroscopes. Light microscopic examination of the spontaneous lesions demonstrated large intimal cushions composed of smooth muscle, abundant collagen, clusters of foam cells and cholesterol crystal clefts. Ultrastructural examination of the intimal atheroma revealed dilatations between apposing endothelial cells which contained a flocculent material, similar to that seen in the subendothelial space. The subendothelial compartment contained abundant collagen, extracellular lipid, vesiculated material and cell processes which contained a flocculent matrix and tubular-like elements. In addition, fibroblast-like interlaminar cells were often observed. Numerous intimal smooth muscle cells were seen which displayed varied morphology. Abundant foam cells were also present within the intimal atheromas. The presence of atherosclerotic lesions in preexisting intimal smooth muscle cushions suggests that hemodynamic factors may be important in the progression of these spontaneous lesions. Endothelial cell dilatations may provide an important route of transport for circulating elements which may accumulate within the subendothelial space. Morphologically, it appears that the smooth muscle cells undergo modification and may represent the precursors of foam cells in this species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428102
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    Ultrastructure of the liver in a case of childhood cystinosis (1977)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 377 (1977), S. 43-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Childhood cystinosis ; Liver ; Electron microscopy ; Dark cells ; Tight junctions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural findings in the liver in a case of childhood cystinosis are reported. Crystalline structures were found mainly in Kupffer cells. The presence of dark cells, with or without crystals, was the most striking feature observed. Such cells have already been noted within the kidney on one occasion when it was shown that the dark substance was L-cystine (Spear et al., 1971). In this case identical dark material was also found extracellularly. The data shows that free cystine can fill cell cytoplasm and extracellular spaces and the possibility that cystine overproduction may take place in the hyaloplasm should be considered. Extracellular location of cystine in the tubules might account for an increase in epithelial permeability and thus for the Fanconi syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432697
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  • 137
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    Sporulation and spore liberation in Aspergillus fumigatus (1977)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 60 (1977), S. 175-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Aspergillus fumigatus ; Spore formation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00448412
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  • 138
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    An ultrastructural survey of the genus Prototheca with special reference to plastids (1977)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 61 (1977), S. 117-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Prototheca ; Colorless alga ; Plastids ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An ultrastructural investigation of six different species of Prototheca showed that all of them contained starch grains enclosed in double-membrane-bounded structures recognized as plastids. It is concluded that these unicellular species of Prototheca must be considered as non-photosynthetic algae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00443840
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  • 139
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    The surface ultrastructure of the habenular complex of the rat (1977)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 152 (1977), S. 43-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Habenula ; Ependyma ; Supraependymal cells ; Supraependymal axons ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The surface features of the ependymal lining of the habenular complex in rats, aged between three weeks and nine months, were studied by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The ependyma of the medial habenular nucleus is heavily ciliated, the cilia obscuring underlying substructure in SEM — preparations. On the habenular commissure most cilia are arranged in tufts. Cilia are provided with segmental indentations and occasional apical thickenings. Vesicular protrusions of the ependymal cytoplasm into the ventricular lumen and the frequent occurrence of homogeneous supraependymal globules were interpreted as signs of ependymosecretory activity of nucl. hab. med. Supraependymal cells are most numerous on the anterior and superior surface of the habenular commissure. Cells presenting features identical to Kolmer (epiplexus) cells were identified on the ventricular surface of nucl. hab. med. in one specimen showing degenerative changes of undetermined aetiology in the habenular nuclei. It is therefore suggested that such cells need not necessarily be restricted to the choroid plexus. Supraependymal unmyelinated axons are particularly numerous on both nucl. hab. med. and commiss. hab. They make desmosome contacts (maculae adherentes) with the ependymal plasmalemma. Contacts presenting all features of typical synapses were not encountered. The vesicle population of the axonal profiles mainly comprises 35–50 nm translucent round vesicles besides small numbers of 60–100 nm dense-cored vesicles and large pleiomorphic vesicles. Most probably the axons belong to the well-established dense population of serotonergic axons in the dorsal part of the third ventricle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00341434
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  • 140
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    An electron microscopic study of the developing caudate nucleus in euthyroid and hypothyroid states (1977)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 150 (1977), S. 335-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Caudate nucleus ; Hypothyroidism ; Development ; Electron microscopy ; synaptogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thyroid hormone exerts a powerful influence on CNS growth and maturation. Hypothyroidism early in life has long been known to cause disturbances in innate behavior, motor performance, severe and frequently irreversible mental retardation. In this deficiency, depressed caudate neurogenesis, cell migration and neuropil development during the rapid period of CNS growth may contribute to the clinical picture of perceptual handicaps often seen in cretins. Light microscopic and Golgi studies of the developing caudate nucleus in thyroid deficiency have been carried out to help attain insights into the mechanisms whereby the extrapyramidal system regulates motor function. The ultrastructural study of caudate nuclear cytogenesis and synaptogenesis in normal and hypothyroid states provides more detailed information for further analysis of the problem. Hypothyroidism was induced from birth by adding propylthiouracil to the food and drinking water of lactating dams. Linear development of the caudate nucleus of both normal and hypothyroid rats at ages 8, 14, 20, 30 and 42 days was studied by electron microscopy. Thyroid glands were examined by light microscopy to assess the normal and deficient states. Immature cells, primitive processes and synapses were the characteristic features of the 8-day-old normal caudate nucleus. Distinctively wide cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, loosely packed Golgi apparatus and chromatin clumps throughout the nuclei of the neurons were significant early morphologic variations. The dramatic cytoarchitectural maturation in the 14- and 20-day normal caudate neuropil points to the rapidity of developmental rate. After the growth spurt of the first three weeks a maturational plateau occurs which is characterized by well-formed neuronal cytoplasmic organelles, myelinated and non-myelinated axons, axon terminals, dendrites and their spines, and synapses. Thyroid deficiency causes a marked maturational delay of approximately 7 days in caudate neuronal proliferation, the elaboration of neuronal networks and the attainment of mature synaptic contents and membranes. This delay is evidenced by comparison of the structural similarities between 8-day-old normal and 14-day-old deficient rats; and additional comparisons between the 14-day-old normal and 20-day-old hypothyroid rats. A rapid “catch up” process in fine structural morphogenesis takes place in the period between days 14 and 30 in the deficient animals. Repression of thyroid function does not entirely prevent development of the caudate nucleus but allows a fairly extensive, though critically incomplete degree of maturation. This imperfection is manifested by a decrease in the number of synaptic contacts that persists even after the rapid “catch up” phenomenon of caudate synaptogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318351
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  • 141
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    Interaction between mesenchymal cells and the posterior iris epithelium in chicken embryos (1977)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 151 (1977), S. 109-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Iris ; Mesenchymal cells ; Chicken embryo ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The iris anlage of 3–10 day old chicken embryos was studied by both light and electron microscopy. Serial semithin sections showed that some of the mesenchymal cells overlying the eye cup moved into the primitive eye cavity by the 3rd day of incubation. On the 4th day some of these cells came into close contact with the basement membrane of the dorsal iris epithelium. The bases of the epithelial cells were flat at this stage. Towards the 10th day they formed cytoplasmic processes which did not penetrate the basement membrane. Fine mesenchymal cytoplasmic processes and a large number of extracellular fibrils developed in the epithelial-mesenchymal interface. The fine mesenchymal processes came into close contact with the basement membrane of the posterior iris epithelium but did not penetrate it. Collagen-like material was observed within the cisternae of the rough ER of the mesenchymal cells at certain stages of development. Both, the mesenchymal cells and the collagen fibrils adjacent to the posterior iris layer disappeared by the 10th day when the entire iris epithelium was completely pigmented. The possible origin of the collagen fibrils and the differentiation of the posterior iris epithelium are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315303
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  • 142
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    Primary 9+0 cilia in the embryonic and the adult human heart (1977)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 151 (1977), S. 127-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Cilia ; Human heart ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Primary 9+0 cilia have been found in the embryonic and the adult human heart. Proximally the cilia show the typical (+0 filament arrangement. Rearrangement of the filaments occur in their distal regions. The cilia are usually found in deep invaginations of the cell membrane, but can also be found in a superficial position. Close connections are frequently found between cilia and thin cytoplasmic extensions from neighbouring cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297476
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  • 143
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    Placodes of the chick embryo studied by SEM (1977)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 151 (1977), S. 97-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Chick embryo ; Placode ; Electron microscopy ; Invagination ; Midbody
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The otic, the lens and the nasal placodes have been examined in chick embryos between stages 10 and 18 of Hamburger and Hamilton. At the stage when each placode first becomes visible conspicuous differences have been seen in the surface morphology between those cells which will invaginate and form the placode and those which will remain on the surface of the head, forming the epidermis. The differences become more pronounced with increasing development. The placode cells possess many surface projections whilst the epidermal cells do not. These differences in surface morphology are related to other differences which are visible in TEM sections, the placode cells being highly columnar and extending the full depth of the placode, whilst the epidermal cells are cuboidal or even squamous. This modification in cell shape of the placode cells is correlated with the presence of longitudinally orientated microtubules. The mechanism of invagination is discussed and evidence is presented which supports the idea that there is a migration of cells into the placode from one side. Such a phenomenon would help to explain the asymmetrical structure of the placode, including the presence of the overhanging lip.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315302
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  • 144
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    Electron microscopical study of psoriasis pustulosa (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 260 (1977), S. 167-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Psoriasis pustulosa ; Spongiform pustule
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Fünf Fälle von Psoriasis pustulosa wurden elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Die Hauptveränderungen im Corium bestanden in Capillardilatation mit intravasculären polymorphonukleären Leukocyten und Erythrocyten. Leukocyten traten durch die vasculären Spalten und Fenestrationen und wanderten durch das deutlich ödematöse Corium zur Epidermis. Lymphgefäße fanden sich ebenfalls. Histiocyten mit Langerhansgranula wurden in der Dermis und Epidermis beobachtet. Die morphologischen Veränderungen in der Epidermis waren abhängig von der Lokalisation und besonders stark ausgeprägt in der Nähe von voll entwickelten Pusteln in höheren Zellschichten. Früher beschriebene Befunde konnten bestätigt werden. Perinukleäre Cytolyse und andere Veränderungen in den Keratinocyten scheinen sekundär aufgrund des Ödems und der Ansammlung von Neutrophilen innerhalb der Epidermis zu entstehen. Immunologische Phänomene könnten hierfür verantwortlich sein.
    Notes: Summary Five cases of psoriasis pustulosa were examined by electron microscopy. The main features within the dermis were dilated capillaries filled with polymorphonuclear leukocytes and red cells. Neutrophils passed out of the vessels through the gaps and fenestrations and migrated towards the epidermis throughout the distinctly edematous corium. Lymphatic vessels could be found. Histiocytes containing Langerhans granules were observed in the dermis and epidermis. The morphological changes of the epidermis depented on the place examined and were most evident near fully developed pustules in the upper layers. The presence of previously described morphological findings could be confirmed. Perinuclear cytolysis and other changes in the keratinocytes, however, seem to be secondary, resulting from edema and accumulation of neutrophils within the epidermis. Immunological phenomenona may be responsible for the latter event.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561411
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  • 145
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    Some histological aspects of amyloid polyneuropathy (1977)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 37 (1977), S. 119-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Amyloid polyneuropathy ; Electron microscopy ; Nerve fibers abnormalities ; Giant axons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two sporadic cases of amyloid polyneuropathy with clinical features corresponding to the Portuguese type of this disease were studied. Histological examination of sural nerve demonstrated a marked loss of myelinated and unmyelinated fibers in the case 1 due to axonal degeneration, high content of fibers with segmental demyelination and the occurrence of several enlarged axons filled with the 10 nm filaments (so-called giant axons). In the case 2 there was total loss of unmyelinated axons and myelinated fibers were nearly completely lacking. In the development of changes in the myelinated fibers their direct compression by amyloid deposits seems to play an important role. It leads to the appearance of both axonal degeneration and segmental demyelination. The latter seems to be due to local compression and it may involve many fibers. In the light of observations reported by other authors the mechanism of changes developing in unmyelinated fibers is explained by the presence of changes in the cells of posterior root ganglia, however the question whether some abnormalities seen in unmyelinated axons could not be related to the pressure exerted by amyloid deposits directly to these fibers, remains open.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692057
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  • 146
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    Filamentous and multilamellated cytoplasmic inclusions in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (1977)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 37 (1977), S. 263-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy ; Multiple sclerosis ; Demyelination ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Inclusions identical to those described in multiple sclerosis (MS) brain by Prineas (1975) have been seen by ultrastructural study of cerebral tissue in two elsewhere reported cases of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML). The meaning of these formations, which have been suggested to be related to a special process of demyelination in MS, is discussed in the light of the hypotheses concerning the demyelination mechanism in PML. Whatever might be their significance, these cytoplasmic non viral inclusions are not specific for MS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686889
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  • 147
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    Electronic Resource
    Clofibrate-induced myopathy in the rat (1977)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 39 (1977), S. 135-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Clofibrate ; Striated muscle ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Experimental animal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rats were given daily injections of 0.2 or 0.5 g/kg chlorophenoxyisobutyrate (clofibrate) for 9 to 46 days. Lower leg muscles were studied with light and electron microscopy. Daily treatment with 0.5 g/kg of the drug for 26–46 days caused myopathic changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00703319
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  • 148
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    Focal mucoid degeneration of peripheral nerve (1977)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 37 (1977), S. 69-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neuropathy ; Fibroblast ; Endoneurial edema ; Peripheral nerve ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary “Focal mucoid degeneration” was found in a N. suralis biopsy of a 8 year old child, diagnosed clinically and electrophysiologically as progressive muscular atrophy Charcot-Marie-Tooth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00684543
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  • 149
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    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of early visna lesions (1977)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 37 (1977), S. 127-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Slow infection ; Viral encephalomyelitis ; Electron microscopy ; C-Type virus ; Immunopathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of visna, a slowly progressive meningo-encephalomyelitis of sheep, was studied in animals sacrificed one month after intracerebral inoculation of visna virus. The major pathological changes, representative of those seen during the first year after infection, consist of inflammation and minor focal destructive lesions of grey and white matter. The inflammatory infiltrates, both subependymal and perivascular as well as of the choroid plexus, were composed mainly of lymphocytes and macrophages with varying numbers of plasma cells. The demyelination seen was of the secondary or Wallerian type. There was no evidence of primary demyelination. Visna virions were not seen in any of the CNS material studied. The ultrastructural findings are compatible with the view that lesions in visna may be induced by a cell-mediated immune response. However, changes characteristic of an autoimmune reaction to myelin antigens were not observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692058
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  • 150
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    Etude en microscopie électronique des lésions nerveuses, musculaires et cutanées déterminées par le maléate de perhexiline (1977)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 38 (1977), S. 53-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Perexiline maleate ; Drug-induced neuropathy ; Nerve biopsy ; Muscle biopsy ; Skin biopsy ; Electron microscopy ; Lysosomes ; Segmental demyelination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pathological findings in four nerves and muscles and in one skin biopsies from four patients treated with perhexiline maleate for angina pectoris are reported. In every case, a muscular denervation atrophy and a decrease in the large diameter myelinated fibers were observed. Only one case showed a decrease of the total number of myelinated fibers, on quantitative studies. The electron microscopic study of each nerve displayed findings consistent with a predominant schwannian degeneration, associated with a few onion bulbs formations and, in two cases, with a mild wallerian degeneration. The most striking finding consisted in the presence of polymorphous membrane-bound inclusions reminding the morphology of lysosomal complex lipids. These structures were very abundant in Schwann cells, but they were seen also in fibrocytes, endothelial and pericytic cells. Similar inclusions were present in the single muscle and skin biopsies studied by electron microscopy. In the muscle, they were seen in muscular cells as well as in endothelial and pericytic cells. In the skin, similar inclusions were observed in endothelial, smooth muscle and sweat gland cells. These inclusions were difficult to identifiy in one micron thick sections, emphazing the need of ultrastructural study for diagnostic purposes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691277
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  • 151
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    Electronic Resource
    Pituitary growth hormone cell adenoma with cytoplasmic tubular aggregates in the capillary endothelium (1977)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 37 (1977), S. 77-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cytoplasmic tubular aggregates ; Electron microscopy ; Growth hormone cells ; Pituitary adenoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopy revealed the presence of cytoplasmic tubular aggregates in the capillary endothelium of a sparsely granulated growth hormone cell adenoma removed surgically from a 25-year-old female patient with acromegaly. To our knowledge, this is the second publication describing these structures in hypophysial growth hormone cell adenomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00684545
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  • 152
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    Ultrastructural and biochemical studies on ouabain-induced oedematous brain (1977)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 37 (1977), S. 95-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Brain oedema ; Ouabain ; Na-K-ATPase ; Na-ion ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ouabain, a specific inhibitor of active cation transport across cell membrane, was applied topically to brain surface of cats. The cerebral cortex to which 10−3 M ouabain was applied showed a spongy state, which was ultrastructurally revealed to be swelling of the neuronal cell processes, especially of dendrites. Astrocytes did not show swelling even in the most severely affected lesions. There was a marked increase in sodium with a slight increase of water in the most severely affected lesions. There was a marked increase in sodium with a slight increase of water in the cortex treated with 10−3 M ouabain. No evidence of increased vascular permeability was noted in the cortex, morphologically or biochemically. Electron microscopic cytochemistry to detect the sodium ion revealed that the increased sodium in the cortex accumulated in the swollen neuronal cell processes. It is speculated that neuronal rather than astrocytic elements might be highly dependent upon active cation transport, and that intracellular oedema in the brain tissue responsible for impairment of active cation transport might be related primarily to neuronal elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692054
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  • 153
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    Hypertrophie des T-Systems in Targetfasern (1977)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 38 (1977), S. 39-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Muscle biopsy ; Target fibre ; Lamellar inclusions ; Transversal tubular system ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a muscle biopsy from a patient suffering about 2 years from an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis groups of atrophic fibres and target fibres were observed. By electron microscopic examination, amongst numerous parallel or spinal cisternae near the plasma membrane, single-membrane bound smooth tubular elements with a constant diameter of 200–300 Å occur in the central and intermediary zone of some target fibres. The connexion between these tubules and the terminal cisternae (triads) of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, suggest that this phenomenon seems to be a proliferation of the transversal-tubular system due to the partial denervation. Only a mechanical displacement of the T-tubules as a result of the destruction of the muscle fibres is not plausible, because the T-system volumetrically amounts only 0.3–0.5% of the muscle fibre.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691274
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  • 154
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    Extraocular muscles: Morphogenetic study in humans light microscopy and ultrastructural features (1977)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 38 (1977), S. 87-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Human fetal muscle ; Electron microscopy ; Motor end-plate ; Extraocular muscles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of human extraocular muscles (EOM) was studied in a series of fetal specimens (12–24 weeks gestation). EOM were evaluated by enzyme histochemistry (EZ) (NADH and ATPase), by differential phase contrast microscopy (DPC) and electron microscopy (EM). In the early fetus (14 weeks), there was no clear-cut sub-division into fibre types. A uniform histochemical reaction was seen with NADH while ATPase showed light and dark myotubes. Myotubes contained large central nuclei, prominent eccentric nucleoli, abundant glycogen granules, free ribosomes, numerous mitochondria, and dense and looser bundles of myofilaments. Mesenchymal cells undergoing mitosis and fibroblasts with prominent stacks of rough endoplasmic reticulum were scattered within endomysium. Mast cells with well formed cytoplasmic granules were found as early as 18–24 weeks. The same specimens by DPC showed differentiation into at least 4 different fibre types at 12 weeks. All the intramuscular nerves at 12–16 weeks were composed of unmyelinated fibres. At 18 weeks, myelinated axons were present. Morphologically immature end-plates devoid of junctional folds were found at 12 weeks. The motor innervation of some EOM appears to be derived from more than one axon (multiple innervated fibres). At 18 weeks gestational age, differentiation into fibre types became apparent by enzyme histochemistry. These histochemical and morphological findings suggest that morphologically mature endplates are not prerequisites for differentiation into muscle fibre types.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688553
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  • 155
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    Electron microscopic features of the resting microglia in the rabbit hippocampus, identified by silver carbonate staining (1977)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 38 (1977), S. 195-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Resting microglia ; Silver impregnation ; Electron microscopy ; Hematogenous cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vibratome sections of hippocampus of adult rabbits were stained by a modified Hortega's silver-carbonate method. Impregnated materials were examined by electron microscopy to decide fine-structural characteristics of the resting microglia. Comparing their characteristics with those of macrophages, we came to the following conclusions:(1) Impregnated resting microglia in the hippocampus of adult rabbits can be identified as cells having distinct fine structures. (2) Resting microglia are morphologically different from macrophages or their precursor cells, and therefore, seem not to be hematogenous cells sojourning in the normal brain parenchyma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688065
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  • 156
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    Infection of cultivated CNS tissue with herpes virus, HSVII a reappraisal (1977)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 39 (1977), S. 177-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Herpes simplex virus type II ; Organized CNS culture ; Cerebellar explants ; Electron microscopy ; Herpes infection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Organized cultures of newborn rat and hamster cerebellum were infected with herpes virus type II, after 7 and 14 days “in vitro”. 48 h after the infection, electron microscopic examination of the cultures showed that astrocytes contained numerous intranuclear and intracytoplasmic viral particles, while neurons remained apparently intact. The specificity of the infection for a given cell type is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00703326
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  • 157
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    Paraplegia due to actinomyces viscosus infection in a cat (1977)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 39 (1977), S. 231-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Actinomyces viscosus ; Epidural space ; Spinal cord ; Cat ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a 3 year old female domestic cat a suppurative, granulomatous lesion of the tail and sacral area penetrated into the epidural space, causing paraplegia. A. viscosus was isolated from the inflammatory tissues. A comparative light and electron-microscopic study of the bacterial elements and the architecture of the granules (Drusen) show that the latter are in-vivo microcolonies of the agent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691702
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  • 158
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    Comparative ultrastructural observations on peripheral nerve abnormalities in the late infantile, juvenile and late onset forms of metachromatic leukodystrophy (1977)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 39 (1977), S. 237-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Metachromatic leukodystrophy ; Peripheral nerve ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural findings in nerve biopsies from two cases of late onset metachromatic leukodystrophy were compared with those in cases of late infantile and juvenile onset. Hypertrophic changes and regenerating clusters were more evident in the late onset cases, in which macrophages were less frequent, presumably reflecting the chronicity of the disorder in this form. Inclusions within Schwann cells and endoneurial macrophages were similar in all four cases. Myelin figures, in which the periodicity of major dense lines was 8 nm, were present in Schwann cells associated with myelinated axons. The electron lucent zones between the major dense lines were bisected by lines of lesser electron density. These inclusions were probably related to myelin breakdown. All other inclusions displayed a periodicity of 5.8 nm and consisted of zebra bodies, vacuoles containing irregularly orientated lamellar material and stacks of flattened discs. These inclusions represented the metachromatic sulphatide deposits. Occasional inclusion bodies were observed within axons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691703
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  • 159
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    An ultrastructural study of developing cerebral infarction following bilateral carotid artery occlusion in spontaneously hypertensive rats (1977)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 40 (1977), S. 171-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Spontaneously hypertensive rats ; Bilateral carotid occlusion ; Acute ischemic brain damage ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An ultrastructural study of cerebral infarcts in spontaneously hypertensive rats 1–5 h after bilateral carotid artery occlusion was performed. The alterations of the neocortex consisted of shrinkage of the neurons surrounded by swollen astrocytic processes. Distension of the rough endoplasmic reticulum of the neuronal cytoplasm appeared early, while changes of the mitochondria were slight. Though there appeared slight to moderate perivascular astrocytic swelling, endothelial swelling was rare and there was no severe narrowing of the capillary lumen. There were no filling defects of colloidal carbon injected to the blood vessels of the ischemic brains. Ischemic neuronal alterations were proved to develop in the absence of severe morphological changes of the microvasculature in the developing cerebral infarcts in the present experimental model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688707
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  • 160
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    Experimental vaccinia virus meningoencephalitis in adult albino mice: Virological, light microscopic and ultrastructural studies (1977)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 40 (1977), S. 193-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Poxvirus group ; Vaccinia virus, neurovirulent ; Neurovaccinia strains ; Meningoencephalitis, experimental ; Virus morphogenesis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Adult NMRI mice were inoculated intracerebrally with 1.5–5×102 pfu of the “neurovirulent” strain Ma1 of vaccinia virus. The animals usually became diseased on day 3 and died on day 5 or 6 p.i. Infectivity assay studies on the mouse brains yielded a steeply rising viral titer comparable with that exhibited by several other so-called neurovaccinia strains after intracerebral inoculation. Histological studies revealed a patchy leptomeningitis most apparent over the basal brain surface. Mononuclear elements of varied size were the most common infiltrate cells in the meningitic lesions. These often showed a pronounced hemorrhagic and necrotizing character. In some places, the cellular infiltrates within the subarachnoid space extended along the perforating vessels into the superficial cerebral cortex. By electron microscopy, all essential stages of virus morphogenesis including the discharge of mature virions could be seen in numerous mononuclear phagocytes and adventitial cells. In contrast to this, no unequivocal neuroectodermal cell showed morphologic evidence of productive viral infection. Likewise, no endothelia or vascular myocytes were encountered which contained newly formed virus particles. However, alterations of the walls of blood vessels and signs of disturbed vascular permeability were a frequent finding in the meningeal foci of inflammation as well as in and around the track left by the inoculating needle. Another ultrastructural feature of the meningitic lesions was the widespread occurrence of degenerating or disintegrating infiltrate cells both infected and uninfected ones. The virologic and morphologic findings observed in this model of experimental vaccinia virus meningo-encephalitis are discussed with regard to data previously published by other authors. The propensity of strain Ma1 of vaccinia virus (and most probably of other so-called neurovaccinia strains) for replication in mesenchymal cells in particularly emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691954
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  • 161
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    Ultrastructural localisation of sterols in ethylnitrosourea-induced schwannomas (1977)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 40 (1977), S. 73-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Transplacental carcinogenesis ; Ethylnitrosourea ; Schwannomas ; Free cholesterol ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Malignant schwannomas of the trigeminal nerves were induced transplacentally by a single intravenous injection of 30 mg of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea per kg of body weight into pregnant BD-IX rats on the 15th day of gestation. These neoplasms consisted of a pleomorphic population of Schwann cells and occasional fibroblasts. In order to preserve sterols the tumours were fixed in a digitonin-containing aldehyde solution. The electron microscope investigation of the tissues so treated revealed various structures: lamellar, tubular and complex formations were all observed. In addition, the unit membranes, including those of various cytoplasmic organelles, showed areas of increased contrast. The abundance of these fine structural configurations indicated the high sterol content of ethyl-nitrosourea-induced schwannomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688575
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  • 162
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    Ultrastructure of muscle and sensory nerve in Fabry's disease (1977)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 38 (1977), S. 187-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Fabry's disease ; Muscle biopsy ; Nerve biopsy ; Electron microscopy ; Lamellar bodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A study of a muscle biopsy has provided evidence of storage involvement of the skeletal muscle fibres in Fabry's disease. In the endothelial cells of the capillaries, the inclusions were more abundant and pleomorphic. Muscle satellite cells were spared. In the sensory nerve biopsy, the perineurial and endothelial cells contained lamellar bodies, but not the Schwann cells. There was a slight reduction of the number of the small myelinated fibres and of the unmyelinated fibres. An electron microscopic study of a muscle biopsy can be helpful in the diagnosis of the disease. The physiopathology of the pain attacks is still a matter for discussion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688064
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  • 163
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    Hereditary “Cavitating” leucodystrophy in Dalmatian dogs (1977)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 40 (1977), S. 163-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Leucodystrophy ; Myelin ; Dog ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A recently recognised progressive disorder of central myelin in Dalmatian dogs is described. The disease is probably transmitted by autosomal recessive inheritance. The symptoms started at the age of 3–6 months and were dominated by visual deficiency and/or progressive locomotive abnormalities. Pathologically, the most consistent lesions were found bilaterally in the region of the centrum semiovale. The optic nerves were also frequently affected, the basal ganglia and spinal cord were affected infrequently. The main lesions were confined to myelin, while axons and nerve cells were spared, particularly in the early stages of the lesions. Numberous phagocytes were observed which contained engulfed myelin and other lipid breakdown products. Ultrastructurally and histochemically the disease differs from previusly described types of leucodystrophy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688706
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  • 164
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    Sclérose tubereuse de bourneville chez un prématuré (1977)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 40 (1977), S. 157-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Tuberous sclerosis ; Electron microscopy ; Astrocytes ; Microvilli
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A sporadic case of tuberous sclerosis in a stillborn infant is reported. The death at the 31st week of gestation was presumably due to the development of enormous rhabdomyomas of the heart. The typical cerebral lesions were fully developed as in patients deceased later in life. The atypical cells found in the cortical tubers demonstrated ultrastructural features of reactive astrocytes. Moreover, they showed innumerable microvillilike projections on their surface and junctional complexes, mostly of the zonula adhaerens type, reminiscent of ependymocytes. The significance of such glio-epithelial cellular features is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688705
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  • 165
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    Electron microscopic studies on the cerebral lesions of rats in experimental chronic disulfiram poisoning (1977)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 38 (1977), S. 221-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Disulfiram psychosis ; Electron microscopy ; Synaptic changes ; Dopamine-β-hydroxylase ; Histotoxic anoxia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Following chronic administration of disulfiram to rats, changes of the brain were examined electron-microscopically. Pathological findings were observed in the nerve cells of the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus at later stage, and synaptic changes in the hypothalamus from initial stage. On the other hand, changes of myelinated fibers, neuroglias and capillaries were very slight. It was considered that neurons were affected more predominantly than other neuronal elements by the cytotoxic action of the drug, and that the synaptic changes of the hypothalamus might reveal chronic disturbance of noradrenergic transmission by inhibition of dopamine-β-hydroxylase. These ultrastructural findings might relate to the pathogenic mechanism of the disulfiram psychosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688068
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  • 166
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    Dense core vesicles around the Lewy body in incidental Parkinson's disease: an electron microscopic study (1977)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 39 (1977), S. 173-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Parkinson's disease ; Lewy body ; Dense core vesicles ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a case of Lewy body disease incidentally found at autopsy, numerous dense core vesicles, 80–200 nm in diameter, were seen in the neuronal perikarya of the locus caeruleus. They were particularly numerous in the vicinity of the Lewy bodies. The change seems to occur at the early stage of Lewy body production and may represent an additional morphologic clue to abnormal catecholamine metabolism in Parkinson's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00703325
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  • 167
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    The incidence of ultrastructural abnormalities in the cortex of two retarded human brains (Down's syndrome) (1977)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 37 (1977), S. 65-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Neuropathology ; Down's syndrome ; Human cerebral cortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a quantitative electronmicroscopic study, autopsy samples from the frontal and temporal lobes of two severely defective mongoloid brains were examined for the presence of abnormalities in the ultrastructure of the cerebral cortex. Particular attention was paid to the occurrence of atypical neuronal and glial inclusions similar to those which occur in small numbers (1 in 5000 µ2 of cortex) in neurologically normal brain (Rees, 1975). An area of 3.6×105 µ2 of cortex was examined from each brain. Within the cortical parenchyma, there was no gliosis, neuronal death or areas of degeneration. Atypical neuronal and glial inclusions were observed in both of the retarded brains, but they did not occur in substantially different numbers from normal brains. There were no inclusions or structural abnormalities peculiar to the retarded brains. Thus, in these two defective brains, it has not been possible to demonstrate any specific abnormalities in the ultrastructure of the cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00684542
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  • 168
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    Ultrastructural study of the vacuoles in the peripheral lymphocytes in juvenile amaurotic idiocy (1977)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 38 (1977), S. 137-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Lymphocyte ; Juvenile amaurotic idiocy ; Ceroid lipofuscinosis ; Vacuolar contents ; Electron microscopy ; Sural nerve ; Muscle ; Rectum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lymphocytes of the peripheral blood of 31 patients with juvenile amaurotic idiocy (juvenile form of ceroid lipofuscinosis) were examined with the electron microscope. In all cases, intracytoplasmic clear vacuoles were present, containing round hollow, fingerprint and highly electron dense structures. The combination of these structures, not necessarily in one and the same vacuole, was considered to be highly indicative for the diagnosis of juvenile amaurotic idiocy. In addition to these three structures, parallel tubular inclusion bodies, rectilinear profiles and rodshaped structures were found but in a number of the cases. The parallel tubular inclusion bodies were not regarded as having any diagnostic significance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688560
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  • 169
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    Infantile chronic peripheral neuropathy with giant axons (1977)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 37 (1977), S. 213-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Peripheral neuropathy ; Giant axons ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An 8-year-old boy with a slowly progressive motor neuropathy is described. The first signs appeared at the age of 3 years. Histological examination of the sural nerve showed the presence of numerous segmental axonal swellings and features of demyelination as well as remyelination. These enlargements were filled with irregularly orientated 10 nm filaments. The case resembled the previously described cases of giant axonal neuropathy but differed from them in absence of kinky hair.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686881
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  • 170
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    The ultrastructure of the extracellular phase of bone as observed in frozen thin sections (1977)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 23 (1977), S. 215-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Amorphous mineral ; Bone ; Electron microscopy ; Ultracryotomy ; Ultramicro-incineration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of the extracellular phase of avian medullary bone and embryonic chick femur was examined in thin sections prepared by ultracryotomy and ultramicroincineration. Since contact with solutions was completely avoided, little or no loss or dislocation of mineral constituents could occur. Amorphous bone mineral (ABM) was present in two forms: as 15–30 nm spheres and as a structure-free haze. Removal of all organic material by low temperature ashing left the ABM intact. Crystals were usually associated with the ABM. In newly ossifying regions clusters or nodules of randomly oriented crystals and ABM appeared to coalesce when they reached approximately 1 μm in diameter. In highly calcified regions crystals appeared to be oriented along collagen fibers. ABM did not appear to be associated with collagen. Unmineralized collagen was visible in osteoid after staining with dry OsO4 vapor and it appeared to be diverted around nodules. Structures which resembled matrix vesicles were present. Selected area electron diffraction patterns indicated the presence of hydroxyapatite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02012788
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  • 171
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    Ultrastructural study of amelogenesis imperfecta (1977)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 24 (1977), S. 191-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Amelogenesis imperfecta ; Hypocalcification ; Hypoplasia ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary An ultrastructural study of teeth with amelogenesis imperfecta revelaed various aspects of microcavities in the enamel surface, which ranged from isolated imprints of ameloblasts corresponding to the mildest lesions at the end of amelogenesis, to pits caused by the death of 20 to 30 ameloblasts at the beginning of amelogenesis. Abnormalities in the shape of the prisms can be observed. Further, crystals are distributed randomly within a prism or at the junction of 2 contiguous prisms while intercrystalline spaces are widened, indicating in various places the lack of a preferred orientation of the crystals. In amelogenesis imperfecta, two different crystalline periods are found: 1 of about 250 Å, the other of about 500 Å and over. The fact that amorphous areas are found among the crystals of enamel may be related to different stages of crystallization. However, it was not possible to find any lattice defect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02223315
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  • 172
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    Further observations on the fine structure of cellular cementum from deciduous teeth of pigs (1977)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 24 (1977), S. 239-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Cementum ; Lysis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Examination of microradiographs from the deciduous teeth of pigs revealed large lacunae or radiolucent zones close to the cemento-dentinal junction. Electron microscopic studies of the ground sections showed areas or irregularly shaped zones devoid of mineral and filled with collagen fibers. In the wide unmineralized zones, spherical clusters of crystallites were noted. Several cementum lacunae bordered by a broad rim of unmineralized collagen fibers were noted and some lacunae also contained zones of a moderately electron dense material. This material did not yield a diffraction pattern, while the mineralized part of the cementum gave the diffraction pattern typical of hydroxyapatite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02223322
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  • 173
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    Idiopathische ödeme, Kapillaropathie und eiweißreiche Körperhöhlenergüsse (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 55 (1977), S. 1137-1147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Edema ; Capillary permeability ; Pericardial effusion ; Microcirculation ; Electron microscopy ; Ödem ; Kapillarpermeabilität ; Perikarderguß ; Mikrozirkulation ; Elektronenmikroskopie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 2 Patientinnen hatten neben dem Krankheitsbild der idiopathischen Ödeme Höhlenergüsse insbesondere des Perikards. In dem einen Fall erforderte der große Perikarderguß schließlich die Perikardresektion, im anderen Fall führte Spironolacton-Dauerbehandlung zur weitgehenden Normalisieriung. Der relativ hohe Eiweißgehalt von Ödem (25 und 12 g/l) und Perikarderguß (55–61 und 48 g/l) und der vergrößerte Verteilungsraum für markiertes Eiweiß sprechen für vermehrte Permeabilität von kleinen Gefäßen und Grenzflächen für Eiweiß. Das Blutvolumen war niedrig normal bzw. erniedrigt. Elektronenoptisch fanden sich an den Hautgefäßen abnorme endotheliale Protuberanzen und große intercelluläre Lücken (Gaps) und an den Muskelgefäßen Befunde, die für einen gesteigerten cytopemptischen Transport sprechen. Die elektronenmikroskopischen Befunde der beiden Patientinnen zeigen keine prinzipiellen Unterschiede; sie stellen offenbar das morphologische Substrat gesteigerter Eiweißpermeabilität der Gefäße und der Bildung relativ eiweißreicher Ödeme dar. Damit sind morphologische Veränderungen bei Menschen mit idiopathischen Ödemen nachgewiesen, wie sie bisher nur in Tierversuchen mit experimentell erzeugten Ödemen beobachtet wurden.
    Notes: Summary Clinical and electron microscopic studies of two female patients are reported who, in addition to the symptoms and signs of idiopathic edema, had pericardial (and pleural) effusions. In one patient pericardiectomy had to be performed, in the other patient pharmacotherapy with spironolactone was effective. In these patients the protein-concentrations of edema fluid (25 and 12 g/l) and pericardial fluid (55–61 and 48 g/l) were relatively high; the distribution space of labelled protein was increased; blood volumes were low-normal or decreased. Electronmicroscopy of the microvasculature showed identical alterations in both cases. In the cutaneous vessels the endothelium developed numerous abnormal cytoplasmic processes and intercellular “gaps”. In the capillaries of skeletal muscle our findings indicate an increase in vesicular transport. We suggest the electron microscopic alterations to be the morphologic correlate for the increased transport and extravascular accumulation of protein. Changes as they are described here in humans with idiopathic edema have been documented before in animals with experimental edema.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01478051
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  • 174
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    Regeneration of cauda equina fibres after transsection and end-to-end suture (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 215 (1977), S. 81-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Spinal nerve root ; Cauda equina ; Transsection and suture ; Regeneration ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Regeneration in dorsalen und ventralen Nervenwurzeln der Cauda equina nach Durchtrennung und Naht am Schwein wurde nach dreimonatiger Überlebenszeit untersucht. Obwohl keine detaillierten quantitativen Analysen durchgeführt wurden, konnte eindeutig festgestellt werden, daß die Regeneration in motorischen Wurzeln ausgiebiger was als in sensiblen Wurzeln. In den regenerierten Wurzeln wurde eine Zunahme von Histiozyten, Fibroblasten und Collagen sowie eine Verdickung der Wurzelhüllen beobachtet. In regenerierten dorsalen Wurzeln fanden sich heterotope, vom Myelon ausgewachsene Gliabündel.
    Notes: Summary The regeneration of nerve fibres in pigs was studied three months after transsection and end-to-end suture of the dorsal and ventral spinal nerve roots L 5 and S 1. Although no detailed quantitative analysis was performed, it was clearly evident that regeneration in motor roots is significantly more efficacious than in sensory roots. Probably as a reaction to Wallerian degeneration, an increase of histiocytes, fibroblasts and collagen fibrils, as well as a thickening of the sheaths was observed in the transsected and sutured roots. Heterotopic glial bundles were found in the regenerated dorsal roots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313055
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  • 175
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    Regeneration of cauda equina fibres after transsection and end-to-end suture (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 215 (1977), S. 81-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Spinal nerve root ; Cauda equina ; Transsection and suture ; Regeneration ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Regeneration in dorsalen und ventralen Nervenwurzeln der Cauda equina nach Durchtrennung und Naht am Schwein wurde nach dreimonatiger Überlebenszeit untersucht. Obwohl keine detaillierten quantitativen Analysen durchgeführt wurden, konnte eindeutig festgestellt werden, daß die Regeneration in motorischen Wurzeln ausgiebiger was als in sensiblen Wurzeln. In den regenerierten Wurzeln wurde eine Zunahme von Histiozyten, Fibroblasten und Collagen sowie eine Verdickung der Wurzelhüllen beobachtet. In regenerierten dorsalen Wurzeln fanden sich heterotope, vom Myelon ausgewachsene Gliabündel.
    Notes: Summary The regeneration of nerve fibres in pigs was studied three months after transsection and end-to-end suture of the dorsal and ventral spinal nerve roots L 5 and S 1. Although no detailed quantitative analysis was performed, it was clearly evident that regeneration in motor roots is significantly more efficacious than in sensory roots. Probably as a reaction to Wallerian degeneration, an increase of histiocytes, fibroblasts and collagen fibrils, as well as a thickening of the sheaths was observed in the transsected and sutured roots. Heterotopic glial bundles were found in the regenerated dorsal roots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02402141
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  • 176
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    Ultrastructural study of a muscle biopsy from a patient with subacute myelo-optic neuropathy (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 215 (1977), S. 91-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: SMON ; Muscle biopsy ; Electron microscopy ; Neuromuscular junction ; Paracrystalline inclusions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein 46jähriger Mann, welcher über lange Zeit hohe Dosen von Clioquinol einnahm, entwickelte recht plötzlich charakteristische neurologische Ausfälle, entsprechend einer subakuten myelooptischen Neuropathie (SMON). Bei der elektronenoptischen Untersuchung einer Muskelbiopsie, die 5 Monate nach Beginn der Erkrankung entnommen worden war, zeigten sich ausgeprägte degenerative Veränderungen der präsynaptischen Nervenendigungen und vereinzelte parakristalline Einschlüsse in der Endplattenregion, die einmalig erscheinen. Letzteres könnte das morphologische Substrat der toxischen Substanz darstellen, die für den SMON verantwortlich gemacht wird.
    Notes: Summary A man, aged 46, who had been taking Clioquinol in high doses for a long period, developed a characteristic neurological syndrome of subacute myelo-optic neuropathy rather abruptly. Electron microscopical examination of the muscle biopsy, obtained five months after the onset of the disease, revealed severe degenerative changes of the presynaptic nerve endings and some unique paracrystalline inclusions in the sole plate region. The latter may represent the morphological expression of the toxic agent which is held responsible for the subacute myelo-optic neuropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02402142
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  • 177
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    Ultrastructural study of a muscle biopsy from a patient with subacute myelo-optic neuropathy (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 215 (1977), S. 91-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: SMON ; Muscle biopsy ; Electron microscopy ; Neuromuscular junction ; Paracrystalline inclusions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein 46jähriger Mann, welcher über lange Zeit hohe Dosen von Clioquinol einnahm, entwickelte recht plötzlich charakteristische neurologische Ausfälle, entsprechend einer subakuten myelooptischen Neuropathie (SMON). Bei der elektronenoptischen Untersuchung einer Muskelbiopsie, die 5 Monate nach Beginn der Erkrankung entnommen worden war, zeigten sich ausgeprägte degenerative Veränderungen der präsynaptischen Nervenendigungen und vereinzelte parakristalline Einschlüsse in der Endplattenregion, die einmalig erscheinen. Letzteres könnte das morphologische Substrat der toxischen Substanz darstellen, die für den SMON verantwortlich gemacht wird.
    Notes: Summary A man, aged 46, who had been taking Clioquinol in high doses for a long period, developed a characteristic neurological syndrome of subacute myelo-optic neuropathy rather abruptly. Electron microscopical examination of the muscle biopsy, obtained five months after the onset of the disease, revealed severe degenerative changes of the presynaptic nerve endings and some unique paracrystalline inclusions in the sole plate region. The latter may represent the morphological expression of the toxic agent which is held responsible for the subacute myelo-optic neuropathy.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313056
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  • 178
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    Polyneuropathy in hypothyroidism (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 215 (1977), S. 103-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Hypothyroidism ; Peripheral neuropathy ; Nerve biopsy ; Electron microscopy ; Renaut bodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden die klinischen Daten und Nervenbiopsiebefunde von 4 hypothyreotischen Patienten, die Symptome einer diffusen peripheren Neuropathie aufwiesen, dargestellt. Klinisch-neurologisch bestanden sensiblen Reizzeichen von scherzhaftem Charakter, eine symmetrische, distale Sensibilitätsminderung mit Ataxie und eine Abschwächung der Muskeleigenreflexe mit Verlust der Achillessehnenreflexe. Bei einem Patienten war die periphere Neuropathie Leitsymptom der zugrunde liegenden metabolischen Erkrankung. Als Substrat dieser Ausfälle fand sich bei der licht- und elektronenmikroskopischen Untersuchung der N. suralis-Biopsien eine deutliche Verminderung der Markfasern, besonders die großkalibrigen, dickbemarkten Axone betreffend. Die Histogramme zeigten entsprechend ein pathologisches unimodales Faserspektrum. Dystrophische und degenerative Veränderungen an Axonen aller Faserklassen und das Vorkommen sogenannter „Regenerationsgruppen“ kleiner, dünnbemarkter Fasern deuten darauf hin, daß der Neuropathie bei diesen hypothyreotischen Patienten in pathogenetischer Hinsicht in erster Linie eine neuroaxonale Degeneration mit unvollständiger Regeneration zugrunde liegt.
    Notes: Summary Clinical and sural nerve biopsy findings are described in four hypothyroid patients with manifestations of a diffuse peripheral neuropathy. Clinical examination revealed distal sensory inpairment, complaints of burning and lancinating extremity pains, ataxia and a decrease of deep tendon reflexes with total ankle jerk loss. In one patient, signs of the peripheral neuropathy comprised the leading symptomatology of the underlying metabolic disorder. Light and electron microscopic investigations of the sural nerve biopsies revealed a marked reduction of myelinated fibers, affecting mainly the large myelinated axons. The histograms showed a pathological unimodal spectrum of myelinated fiber diameters. Dystrophic and degenerative changes in axons of all fiber classes and the presence of clusters of thinly myelinated small fibers suggest that neuroaxonal degeneration and incomplete regeneration may represent the major pathogenetic mechanism of the neuropathy in these hypothyroid patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313057
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  • 179
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    Electronic Resource
    Polyneuropathy in hypothyroidism (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 215 (1977), S. 103-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Hypothyroidism ; Peripheral neuropathy ; Nerve biopsy ; Electron microscopy ; Renaut bodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden die klinischen Daten und Nervenbiopsiebefunde von 4 hypothyreotischen Patienten, die Symptome einer diffusen peripheren Neuropathie aufwiesen, dargestellt. Klinisch-neurologisch bestanden sensiblen Reizzeichen von scherzhaftem Charakter, eine symmetrische, distale Sensibilitätsminderung mit Ataxie und eine Abschwächung der Muskeleigenreflexe mit Verlust der Achillessehnenreflexe. Bei einem Patienten war die periphere Neuropathie Leitsymptom der zugrunde liegenden metabolischen Erkrankung. Als Substrat dieser Ausfälle fand sich bei der licht- und elektronenmikroskopischen Untersuchung der N. suralis-Biopsien eine deutliche Verminderung der Markfasern, besonders die großkalibrigen, dickbemarkten Axone betreffend. Die Histogramme zeigten entsprechend ein pathologisches unimodales Faserspektrum. Dystrophische und degenerative Veränderungen an Axonen aller Faserklassen und das Vorkommen sogenannter „Regenerationsgruppen“ kleiner, dünnbemarkter Fasern deuten darauf hin, daß der Neuropathie bei diesen hypothyreotischen Patienten in pathogenetischer Hinsicht in erster Linie eine neuroaxonale Degeneration mit unvollständiger Regeneration zugrunde liegt.
    Notes: Summary Clinical and sural nerve biopsy findings are described in four hypothyroid patients with manifestations of a diffuse peripheral neuropathy. Clinical examination revealed distal sensory inpairment, complaints of burning and lancinating extremity pains, ataxia and a decrease of deep tendon reflexes with total ankle jerk loss. In one patient, signs of the peripheral neuropathy comprised the leading symptomatology of the underlying metabolic disorder. Light and electron microscopic investigations of the sural nerve biopsies revealed a marked reduction of myelinated fibers, affecting mainly the large myelinated axons. The histograms showed a pathological unimodal spectrum of myelinated fiber diameters. Dystrophic and degenerative changes in axons of all fiber classes and the presence of clusters of thinly myelinated small fibers suggest that neuroaxonal degeneration and incomplete regeneration may represent the major pathogenetic mechanism of the neuropathy in these hypothyroid patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02402143
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  • 180
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    Dorsal-ventral differentiation in Simonsiella and other aspects of its morphology and ultrastructure (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 113 (1977), S. 197-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Gliding bacterium ; Simonsiella ; Oral cavity ; Electron microscopy ; Morphology ; Dorsal-ventral differentiation ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The morphology and ultrastructure of the aerobic, Gram-negative multicellular-filamentous bacteria of the genus Simonsiella were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The flat, ribbon-shaped, multicellular filaments show dorsal-ventral differentiation with respect to their orientations to solid substrata. The dorsal surface, orientated away from the substrate, is convex and possesses an unstructured capsule. The ventral surface, on which the organisms adhere and glide, is concave and has an extracellular layer with fibrils extending at right angles from the cell wall. The cytoplasm in the ventral region contains a proliferation of intracytoplasmic membranes and few ribosomes in comparison to the cytoplasm in other parts of the cell. Centripetal cell wall formation is asymmetrical and commences preferentially in the ventral region. Quantitative differences in morphology and cytology exist among selected Simonsiella strains. Functional aspects of this dorsalventral differentiation are discussed with respect to the colonization and adherence of Simonsiella to mucosal squamous epithelial cells in its ecological habitat, the oral cavities of warm-blooded vertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00492025
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  • 181
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    Electron microscopic investigation of the hydrogen-oxidizing acetate-forming anaerobic bacterium Acetobacterium woodii (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 115 (1977), S. 207-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Acetobacterium woodii ; Hydrogen-oxidizing acetate-forming anaerobe ; Fine structure ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Acetobacterium woodii is a Gram-positive anaerobic nonsporeforming bacterium able to grow on H2 and CO2 as sole sources of energy. The product of fermentation is acetic acid. Fine structural analysis showed rod-shaped flagellated cells, and coccoid cells without flagella arranged predominantly in pairs and chains. The cell wall was found to be composed of three layers. The cell surface exhibited a periodic array of particles consisting of subunits. The cytoplasmic membrane showed particles either either in random distribution or in a hexagonal pattern. Intracytoplasmic membranes were rarely observed, whereas inclusion bodies of varying shapes, predominantly in an uncommon disc-shape, could frequently be observed. Their content was dissolved in ultrathin sections indicating hydrophobic nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406376
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  • 182
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    Isolation and partial characterization of normal and defective bacteriophages of gram-negative hydrogen bacteria (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 115 (1977), S. 237-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Defective lysogeny ; Alcaligenes eutrophus ; Simultaneous isolation technique ; Temperate bacteriophages ; Pseudomonas pseudoflava ; Biological characterization ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Widespread defective lysogeny was detected in Alcaligenes eutrophus by electron microscopic analysis of cultures. Mitomycin C treatment of the cultures resulted in the production of defective (inco-) particles. Polysheaths were produced both with and without induction. With the simultaneous isolation technique six phages were isolated for hydrogen-oxidizing strains of the new species Pseudomonas pseudoflava. The phages were able to replicate under autotrophic conditions and were found to have a very restricted host range. Electron microscopic analysis allowed classification into two structural groups. Group I contained phages with contractile tails; group II contained phages with flexible, noncontractile tails. All but one (gb) of the new phages were shown to be temperate by isolation of lysogens and induction with mitomycin C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446448
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  • 183
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    The mitochondrial complex in cryptophyceae (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 112 (1977), S. 207-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cryptophyceae ; Algae ; Hemiselmis rufescens ; Chroomonas ; Cryptomonas ; Mitochondrial complex ; Cristae ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The unitary nature of the mitochondrion and the characteristic flattened finger-like morphology of the cristae were demonstrated in the Cryptophyceae. Hemiselmis rufescens contained an unbranched vermi-form mitochondrion in contrast to the variously branched complex, comprising an interconnected peripheral and central reticulum, in Chroomonas sp. and strains of Cryptomonas. The systematic value of the shape and distribution of the mitochondria in the examined genera was suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429337
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  • 184
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    Effect of carbon dioxide on pigment and membrane content in Synechococcus lividus (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 115 (1977), S. 185-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Synechococcus lividus ; Cyanobacteria ; Carbon dioxide ; Electron microscopy ; Bleaching-regreening
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of carbon dioxide on pigment and membrane content in Synechococcus lividus was studied by depriving cells of CO2 and examining cell populations biochemically and by electron microscopy. After 120 h of CO2 deprivation, S. lividus lost all detectable chlorophyll a and C-phycocyanin. Such bleached cultures were “mustard yellow”, the result of approximately 1.8 times more carotenoid per cell than green control cultures. Although cells from beached cultures appeared morphologically identical to control green cells when examined by light microscopy, electron microscopic examination revealed them to be devoid of detectable thylakoid membrane. Thylakoid membrane could not be recovered by physical isolation or revealed by freeze etching of bleached S. lividus. In addition, inclusion bodies characteristically found in S. lividus were also absent. Reintroduction of CO2 into bleached cultures resulted in a rapid resynthesis of both chlorophyll a and C-phycocyanin. Electron microscopic examination of these regreening cultures revealed that thylakoid membrane was also rapidly resynthesized. Growth of regreened cultures did not occur until there was the synthesis of a full complement of chlorophyll a, C-phycocyanin, and thylakoid membrane. A time course study of the cytological events occurring during bleaching and regreening is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406374
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  • 185
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    The importance of smooth muscle cells in the development of foam cells in the gastric mucosa (1977)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 372 (1977), S. 287-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Stomach ; Lipid islands ; Smooth muscle cells ; Foam cells ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Foam cells in lipid islands of the stomach can develop from both histiocytes and smooth muscle cells. With increasing storage of lipid vacuoles in smooth muscle cells, loosening of the myofilament arrangement and decrease of the dense areas subjacent to the plasma membrane occurs. Endoplasmic reticulum and the cisternae of the Golgi-apparatus dilate, the cell organelles increase initially and the basement membrane of the smooth muscle cells is fragmentarily formed. Only in incompletely formed foam cells can the origin from smooth muscle cells be recognised, in their final state their histiogenesis is seldom apparent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432404
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  • 186
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    Chronic megakaryocytic-granulocytic myelosis — An electron microscopic study including freeze-fracture (1977)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 375 (1977), S. 129-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Myeloproliferative disorder ; Megakaryocytic-granulocytic myelosis ; Granulocyte lineage ; Bone marrow biopsy ; Freeze-fracture ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 5 patients with chronic megakaryocytic-granulocytic myelosis (CMGM) bone marrow specimens were studied by electron microscopy to investigate possible abnormalities of the granulocytic cell lineage. Thin sections were compared with freeze-fracture replicas to elucidate further aspects of leucocyte cytology. The atypia exhibited in these cells (eosinophils, basophils and neutrophil granulocytes) consisted mostly of a disorganization of granulopoiesis with hyper- and hypogranulation, a pathological increase in the number of nuclear blebs and a maturation asynchrony sometimes leading to Pelger-like cell forms. Moreover, a presumptive stem cell was demonstrated in the erythopoietic and granulocytic cell lines resembling CFU cells. In conclusion, granulopoiesis in CMGM exhibited abnormalities as generally observed in chronic myelogenous leukaemia. When considered with our previous finding of malignancy in megakaryopoiesis, CMGM has to be classified as a myelosis of mixed cellularity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428101
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  • 187
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    Enzymhistochemische, histometrische und ultrastrukturelle Untersuchungen von Milzen bei der Vinylchlorid-Krankheit (1977)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 375 (1977), S. 303-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Vinylchloride-disease ; Splenomegaly ; Electron microscopy ; Enzyme histochemistry ; Morphometrics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch histometrische, enzymhistochemische und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen konnte nachgewiesen werden, da\ die pathologischen MilzverÄnderungen bei der Vinylchlorid-Krankheit nicht durch hepatisch bedingte Pfortaderdruckerhöhung verursacht werden, sondern auf einer Gewebsalteration durch das Vinylchlorid oder dessen Metabolite beruhen. Dabei sind vor allem die faserbildenden Zellen der Milz beteiligt. Faserassoziierte Reticulumzellen in der roten Pulpa und fibroblastische Reticulumzellen in der wei\en Pulpa werden zu übermÄ\iger Bindegewebsneubildung stimuliert. Hierdurch kommt es in der roten Pulpa zur bindegewebigen Verödung der FiltrationsrÄume mit einer Reduzierung der Pulpastrangmakrophagen und in der wei\en Pulpa zu einer Vernarbung der periarteriellen Lymphscheiden. Die Folgen dieser Fibrosierungsprozesse sind charakteristische VerÄnderungen in der quantitativen Zusammensetzung der Gewebskomponenten, die sich deutlich von denjenigen in Milzen bei Lebercirrhose und Milzvenenthrombose unterscheiden.
    Notes: Summary By means of histometric, enzyme histochemical, and electron microscopic investigations it was demonstrated that the pathological changes in the spleen in vinylchloride-disease are primary. Fibroblastic cells are the only specific splenic cells involved. Fibre-associated reticulum cells of the red pulp and fibroblastic reticulum cells in white pulp are stimulated to produce excessive amounts of the extracellular elements of connective tissue, especially collagen fibrils. The newly formed connective tissue causes obliteration of extracellular blood channels in the red pulp and thus a reduction in the number of pulp-cord macrophages, and scarring of the periarterial lymphatic sheaths. The results of this fibrosing process are characteristic quantitative changes in the splenic histologic structures. These changes are different from those structural alterations occuring in spleens following extrasplenic hemodynamic changes, such as thrombosis of the splenic veins or cirrhosis of the liver.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427061
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  • 188
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    Light-electron microscopic and cytochemical studies on the morphogenesis of familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (1977)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 376 (1977), S. 29-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Thyroid gland ; Familial medullary carcinoma ; Morphogenesis ; Electron microscopy ; Cytochemistry of C-cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six cases of familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) were investigated by light and electron microscopy as well as by ultracytochemical methods. Light microscopic examination revealed multifocal C-cell proliferation in 5 subjects. These cells were mostly limited to thyroid follicles, but occasionally extended across the follicular capsule forming microscopic MTC. Electron microscopic examination showed that, in some follicles, the proliferating C-cells were still covered by a continuous layer of follicular cells, whereas in others the proliferation extended to the follicular center. C-cells were in direct contact with the colloid, and ultramicroinvasion of the follicular capsule was detected. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that familial MTC seems to begin as multifocal C-cell proliferation, limited at first to thyroid follicles, between the capsule and the follicular epithelium. Later, the proliferation extends to the follicular center, and C-cells come in contact with the colloid, at which time an in situ carcinoma stage is reached. Some neoplastic cells invade the follicular capsule and, finally, multiple MTC appear and eventually conglomerate. Generally, there were no constant morphologic criteria for a dysplasia or neoplasia among the proliferating C-cells limited to thyroid follicles, when compared with normal or even malignant C-cells. For these reasons, a hyperplastic or dysplastic process preceding MTC cannot be clearly distinguished from a neoplastic process. Our study, however, shows that a light microscopic, apparently hyperplastic process may be a malignant one. Amyloid was present in the more voluminous MTC, associated with tumor cell necrosis, but it was not evident in small MTC and within the foci of C-cell proliferation. Ultracytochemical techniques revealed that the secretory granules of normal, proliferating and neoplastic C-cells contained polysaccharides and/or glycoproteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00433083
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  • 189
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    Electron microscopic study of signet-ring cells in diffuse carcinoma of the human stomach (1977)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 374 (1977), S. 275-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Signet-ring cell ; Scirrhous carcinoma ; Gastric carcinoma ; Electron microscopy ; Stomach cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The signet-ring cells seen in gastric carcinoma of the diffuse type were studied by light and electron microscopy. A classification of these cells into Types A, B and C was developed, based on intracellular mucous granules, nuclei and organelles, and by reactions to PAS and Alcian-blue staining. The gradual transition of Type A cells to Type B and the subsequent change of Type B to Type C suggest successive stages in maturation. These cells, especially those of Type B, resemble the mucous neck cells of the corpus and the glands of the pylorus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432651
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  • 190
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    En face organ cultures of rabbit aortic segments after a single dilatation trauma in vivo (1977)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 375 (1977), S. 257-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Rabbit aorta ; Organ culture ; Endothelial regeneration ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Following an in vivo lesion of the rabbit thoracic aorta, endothelial regeneration was studied in silver-stained specimens from en face organ cultures of aortic segments with and without intercostal arteries. The in vivo lesion had been inflicted by an embolectomy catheter. Our results confirmed that endothelium regenerates from preexisting endothelium around the mounths of the intercostal arteries. A conspicuous observation was the orientation pattern of endothelial cells during regeneration. Transmission electron microscopy suggests that the cell cytoskeleton plays a role in the regulation of regeneration. The organ culture technique described, complementary to in vivo and in vitro investigations with cell cultures, seems to be a valuable tool in further investigations on factors involved in the repair of arterial tissue.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427057
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  • 191
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    Elektronenmikroskopische Befunde am Herzmuskel der Ratte bei experimentell induzierten ElektrolytverÄnderungen (1977)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 375 (1977), S. 331-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Catecholamine ; Angiotensin ; Ouabain ; Dihydrotachysterol ; Rat heart ; Myocardial necrosis ; Electrolyte concentration ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Noradrenalin und Angiotensin in hohen Dosen allein oder in Kombination mit Strophanthin appliziert, führen bei der Ratte zu einer Erniedrigung des Gesamtcalciumgehaltes des Myocard. Dihydrotachysterol (DHT) erhöht den Calciumgehalt und zeigt elektronenmikroskopisch SchÄdigungen an Mitochondrien und Myofibrillen. Die kombinierte Gabe von DHT und Noradrenalin bzw. Angiotensin potenziert den Calciumwert, erhöht das Magnesium und lÄ\t Kalium nahezu unverÄndert. Die im Bereich der linksventrikulÄren Innenschichten ausgebildeten „Catecholaminnekrosen“ finden sich nach DHT-PrÄmedikation ubiquitÄr. Strophanthin verhindert den massiven, durch DHT- und Angiotensinmedikation induzierten Calciumstieg, wÄhrend es bei der kombinierten Gabe von DHT und Noradrenalin keine Wirkung entfaltet. Myofibrillen und Mitochondrien sind verÄndert, Calciumablagerungen sind nachweisbar, charakteristische Unterschiede fehlen.
    Notes: Summary Changes in certain tissue electrolytes brought about by injecting rats with noradrenalin (NA), angiotensin or dihydrotachysterol (DHT) were compared with the concomitant ultrastructural alterations of cardiac muscle. High doses of NA or angiotensin given singly or together with ouabain were found to lower the overall myocardial calcium concentration without accompanying structural lesions. When calcium was increased more than tenfold by the administration of DHT, electronmicroscopy revealed altered myofibrils and mitochondria. Giving DHT along with NA or angiotensin not only preserved their calcium-lowering effect, but resulted in a massive increase in tissue calcium, with magnesium levels also rising, whilst the tissue content of potassium remained almost unchanged. Following NA administration the necrotic areas, known to be confined to the inner endocardial layer after catecholamine administration, pervaded the entire cardiac muscle mass. Ouabain prevented the massive rises of tissue calcium induced by DHT given together with angiotensin but was ineffective when added to the combination of DHT and NA. In either case, both myofibrils and mitochondria displayed ultrastructural alterations although distinctive features were lacking. The data suggests that DHT acts on cellular calcium, not only by mobilising calcium from osseous structures but also by interacting with intracellular calcium homeostasis. In addition to overstimulating contractile elements, calcium is thought to exert its noxious effect in a more generall way, e.g. by binding to surface membranes, thus affecting the normal functioning and eventually the structure of mitochondria and other organelles besides myofibrils.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427063
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  • 192
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    Degenerative processes in the pathogenesis of pulmonary alveolar lipoproteinosis (1977)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 376 (1977), S. 165-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Lung ; Electron microscopy ; Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis ; Degeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopy in an infant of 4 months with pulmonary alveolar lipoproteinosis showed filling of the alveoli with osmiophilic lamellar bodies. Similar structures were present in the cytoplasm of type I alveolar epithelial cells and to a lesser extent in the capillary endothelium and interstitium. These changes represent widespread degenerative processes in the lung caused by an unidentified cytotoxic agent. In this patient the disease is comparable to the drug-induced cytotoxic animal model and differs from the dust-induced hypersecretory animal model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432587
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  • 193
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    Fine structure of the ordinary lateral line organ (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 176 (1977), S. 23-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lateral line organ ; Shark (Mustelus manazo) ; Neuromasts ; Cell types ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The lateral line organ of the spotted shark is characterized by its semi-cylindrical shape. Each organ (neuromast) is so closely apposed to the next that the individual neuromasts are almost continuous. The neuromast is composed of receptor cells, supporting cells and mantle cells. The receptor cells bear one kinocilium and up to 40 stereocilia. Bi-directional arrangement of the receptor cells as occurs in teleosts was demonstrated. Afferent and efferent nerve endings were found at the base of the receptor cells. The supporting cells extend from the basal lamina to the free surface. Long microvilli and a cilium-like “ciliary rod” project from the top of each supporting cell. The cell contains relatively few elements of the Golgi apparatus and little rough endoplasmic reticulum, but mitochondria and filaments are abundant. The mantle cell limits the lateral margin of the neuromast. It is distinguished from the supporting cell because of its long crescent-shaped nucleus and scarce, short microvilli. Myelinated nerve fibres are found in the subepithelial connective tissue but not in the epithelium. The fine structure of the shark lateral line organ suggests that this organ is in an intermediated step of evolution between that of lamprey and teleost.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220341
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  • 194
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    Effect of dietary cholesterol on the pattern of osmium deposition in the symbiote-containing cells of the pea aphid (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 176 (1977), S. 191-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: OsO4 ; Cholesterol ; Symbiotes ; Aphids ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pea aphids left for 48 h in unbuffered osmium tetroxide show heavy staining of many organelles in the symbiote-containing cells (mycetocytes and sheath), embryos and oenocytes very similar to that characteristic of mammalian sterol-synthesizing cells. However, the staining of the pea-aphid cells is, to a large extent, dependent on the presence of cholesterol benzoate, or free cholesterol, in the aphid's diet. In aphids cultured in vitro with 3H mevalonate in the presence of added cholesterol, the incorporation of label into the cholesterol and lanosterol fractions is significantly reduced. If the dietary cholesterol effects a similar inhibition in vivo, the cholesterol-dependent osmium staining could be due to precursors(s) of cholesterol accumulating in the intracellular sites described. There is also osmium staining of large (normally electron-transparent) vacuoles in mycetocytes, gut and fat body, irrespective of dietary cholesterol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229462
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  • 195
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    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure and ultracytochemistry of the basement membrane of the Galleria mellonella fat body (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 176 (1977), S. 417-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Fat body ; Galleria mellonella ; Basement membrane ; Ruthenium red staining ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fat body lobes of Galleria mellonella are surrounded by basement membrane — a fine granular layer of connective tissue. This membrane has an affinity for ruthenium red. The results obtained after treatment of the fat body with neuraminidase, hyaluronidase, phospholipase C and proteolytic enzymes suggest that glycoproteins and phospholipoproteins are constituents of this basement membrane. The basement membrane also has the ability to bind concanavalin A-peroxidase, which is associated with the presence of mannoside residues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221798
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  • 196
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    Electronic Resource
    Protamine induced intracellular uptake of horseradish peroxidase and vacuolation in mouse skeletal muscle in vitro (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 176 (1977), S. 463-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Skeletal muscle ; Protamine ; Endocytosis ; Autophagic vacuolation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The uptake in vitro of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in mouse skeletal muscle was examined by electron microscopy and chemical determination. In muscles exposed to an HRP solution for 60 min at +37°C, HRP infiltrated the basal lamina of muscle fibres and caused an intense labelling of their sarcolemma. In addition HRP was found within the transverse tubules. Exposure to HRP for 30 min at +37°C followed by HRP together with a polycationic protein (protamine) for 30 min at +37°C caused an intracellular vesicular uptake of HRP. Intracellular HRP was found in numerous vesicles, membrane limited bodies and vacuoles. Protamine also induced focal autophagic vacuolation with progressive muscle fibre degeneration. An intracellular HRP uptake or muscle cell vacuolation could not be detected in the absence of protamine or when the incubation temperature was + 4°C. Chemical determination of HRP uptake was in general agreement with the morphological results. The uptake of HRP in the presence of protamine was stimulated at +31°C and blocked at +4°C. The results suggest that in skeletal muscle in vitro intracellular uptake of macromolecules occurs by endocytosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231402
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  • 197
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron dense plaques (calcium binding sites) in the plasma membrane of the endocrine cells in rodent pancreatic islets and parathyroid glands (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 177 (1977), S. 81-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Electron dense plaques ; Pancreatic islets ; Parathyroids ; Electron microscopy ; Calcium binding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Small electron dense plaques (EDP) were found in the plasma membrane of pancreatic islet A-, B- and D-cells and parathyroid chief cells of mice and gerbils. The identification of the EDP was facilitated by the use of special fixation techniques. The EDP may represent sites of calcium binding in the cell membranes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221120
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  • 198
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microtubules and extracellular microtubule-like structures in the retina of the rainbow trout (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 177 (1977), S. 127-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Microtubules ; Retina ; Electron microscopy ; Rainbow trout
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the retina of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri, Richardson) two types of microtubular structures are demonstrated. Besides the normal type of microtubules (about 200 Å in diameter), occurring in all cell types of the retina, a second type is described which is termed microtubule-like structure (MLS) because of its extracellular localization. These MLS have a diameter of about 250 Å under the same preparative conditions in which the normal microtubules appear 180–200 Å thick. The interspace between the tubules is smaller than between the microtubules. Specific MLS to membrane associations exist, which are analyzed by serial sectioning and tilting procedures. It is suggested that the MLS have their origin at small membranous extrusions of the plasmalemma. These extrusions could contain nucleation sites for the MLS-formation within the extracellular space. It remains unknown which cell type produces the MLS proteins and which factors are responsible for the aggregation of the subunits to intact MLS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221124
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  • 199
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Actin-like filaments in the myoid cell of the testis (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 177 (1977), S. 221-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Actin-like filaments ; Myoid cell ; Testis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Microfilaments in the myoid cells of the peritubular tissue in the mouse, swine and human testis bind heavy meromyosin (HMM) and form arrowhead complexes. The periodicity of the arrowhead complexes is about 35 nm. Individual filaments show arrowheads that point in the same direction. Opposing polarity of the HMM-bound filaments is also observed. The microfilaments do not bind HMM in the presence of 10 mM ATP. After treatment with the contraction medium of Hoffmann-Berling, the filaments appear to be undulated. These observations indicate that the microfilaments in the myoid cell are actin-like in nature. A small number of thicker filaments (about 10 nm in diameter) which do not bind HMM is also observed in the cell. Microfibrils which have been reported around the human myoid cell are also found in the swine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221083
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  • 200
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    Electronic Resource
    A catecholaminergic neuron connecting the first two optic neuropiles (Lamina ganglionaris and Medulla externa) of the crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 182 (1977), S. 287-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Optic neuropile ; Crustacea ; Catecholamine ; Fluorescence histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The crustacean optic neuropiles, the lamina ganglionaris and especially the medulla externa, show a specific pattern of green fluorescence with the fluorescence histochemical method of Falck-Hillarp. Normally, only the terminals and the cell bodies fluoresce, but in reserpine-treated animals exogenous catecholamines are taken up by the whole adrenergic neuron and are thus visualized as a whole. Incubating crayfish optic neuropiles in dopamine or α-methylnoradrenaline after reserpine treatment demonstrated a tangential neuron connecting the lamina and the medulla externa. The morphology of this tangential neuron differs from the two types of tangential neurons, Tan1 and Tan2, previously characterized with Golgi techniques. The catecholaminergic neuron thus constitutes a third tangential neuron type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219765
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