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  • 1985-1989  (511)
  • 1965-1969  (12)
  • 1890-1899
  • 1986  (511)
  • 1968  (12)
  • 1899
  • 1894
  • Engineering General  (497)
  • Kidney
Materialart
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 1985-1989  (511)
  • 1965-1969  (12)
  • 1890-1899
Jahr
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 334 (1986), S. 327-332 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): Serotonin ; Norepinephrine ; Age ; Rat ; Kidney ; Amplification
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Isolated kidneys of Wistar rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were perfused with Tyrode's solution. In 2- and 6-month old SHR, the maximal increase in perfusion pressure caused by norepinephrine was higher than in 2- and 6-month old Wistar rats, but the sensitivity, as judged from the dose of the agonist required to reach 50% of the maximal response was the same. Both the maximal response and the sensitivity to serotonin were significantly augmented in 6-month old SHR and Wistar rats when compared to the young animals. This hypersensitivity was more pronounced in SHR than in Wistar rats. Infusion of serotonin potentiated the vasoconstriction induced by a bolus of norepinephrine. This amplification, due to activation of S2-serotonergic receptors, was more pronounced in the old animals. No amplification occurred when norepinephrine was infused instead of serotonin. Tachyphylaxis to the amplifying effect of serotonin was observed and was less pronounced in kidneys from old than from young animals. The amplifying effect of serotonin was inhibited by ketanserin at concentrations which did not, or only moderately, inhibit the response to norepinephrine.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 64 (1986), S. 587-589 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Schlagwort(e): Kidney ; Fibrinolysis ; Renal veins ; Acute renal failure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In 50 patients without renal insufficiency, fibrinolytic activity, as reflected by euglobulin lysis time, was determined in blood obtained from the renal veins, the renal artery and a peripheral vein. Fibrinolytic activity was found to be significantly higher in the renal veins than in the renal artery and the peripheral vein. Other coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters did not show such differences. In addition, a patient with acute oligoanuric renal failure was investigated. This patient demonstrated reduced overall fibrinolytic activity, but there were no differences between the activity in the blood of the renal veins and that of the renal artery or peripheral vein. It seems, therefore, that the kidneys release plasminogen activators into the systemic circulation. This may be decreased in renal failure, probably contributing to the well-known diminished fibrinolysis in some kidney diseases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 64 (1986), S. 862-870 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Schlagwort(e): Kidney ; Ammoniagenesis ; Glutamine metabolism ; Ammonium excretion ; Ammonium transport ; Nonvolatile acids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Hauptort der renalen NH3↔NH 4 + -Bildung ist die proximale Tubuluszelle. Glutamin ist das wesentliche Substrat dafür. Die Desamidierung durch die mitochondriale Glutaminase ergibt Glutamat− und NH 4 + (und nicht NH3, wie oft behauptet). Ein zweites NH 4 + -Ion wird aus der Desaminierung von Glutamat− zu 2-Oxo-Glutarat2− gewonnen. NH 4 + gelangt in das Tubuluslumen großteils (aber nicht ausschließlich) in der Form von NH3 (nicht-ionische Diffusion). Für jedes sezernierte NH3 bleibt ein H+-Ion in der Zelle zurück, das separat ins Lumen transportiert wird. Im Lumen wird aus beiden wieder NH 4 + gebildet, das dann im Urin ausgeschieden wird. Dieser Prozeßper se entfernt keine H+-Ionen aus dem Körper. Zu diesem Zwecke müssen erst die anionischen Metaboliten, die bei der Ammoniagenese entstehen (2-Oxo-Glutarat2− u.a.), in neutrale Stoffe umgewandelt werden (CO2, Glukose). Dies geschieht ebenfalls, wenn auch nicht notwendigerweise, in der Tubuluszelle. Für jede negative Ladung des Substrats entsteht dabei ein HCO 3 − -Ion, das die Zelle auf der Blutseite verläßt. Eine luminale NH 4 + -Bildung, katalysiert durch γ-Glutamyltransferase, trägt in geringem Ausmaß zur NH 4 + -Anhäufung im Lumen bei. Am Ende des proximalen Konvoluts findet sich 9mal mehr NH3↔NH 4 + als im Glomerulusfiltrat. Nur ein Drittel davon erreicht das distale Konvolut, vor allem weil NH 4 + als solches im dicken, aufsteigenden Teil der Henleschen Schleife durch Co-Transport oder Elektrodiffusion resorbiert wird. Beide Prozesse erhalten ihre Energie durch den aktiven Na+-Transport in diesem Nephronteil. Dadurch wird NH3↔NH 4 + u.a. im medullären Interstitium akkumuliert, so daß ein chemischer Gradient für die nicht-ionische Diffusion von NH3 ins Lumen des Sammelrohrs aufgebaut wird. Begünstigt wird dies auch durch den sauren Disäquilibriums-pH-Wert im Lumen dieses Segments. Es wurde vorgeschlagen, daß NH3↔NH 4 + , wohl via nicht-ionische Diffusion, auch in den absteigenden Teil der Henleschen Schleife sezerniert wird, um, zusammen mit der NH 4 + -Resorption im aufsteigenden Schleifenteil, die hohe interstitielle NH3↔NH 4 + -Konzentration, die markwärts zunimmt, aufrechtzuerhalten. Das Prinzip der Gegenstrom-Multiplikation scheint daher auch bei der NH 4 + -Ausscheidung eine wesentliche Rolle zu spielen.
    Notizen: Summary The proximal tubule cell is the major site of renal ammoniagenesis. Glutamine is the major substrate. Deamidation by mitochondrial glutaminase yields glutamate− and NH 4 + (not NH3, as traditionally taught). A second NH 4 + ion is obtained by deamination of glutamate− to 2-oxo-glutarate2−. NH 4 + preferentially enters the tubule lumen primarily, but probably not exclusively, by non-ionic diffusion of NH3. For each NH3 formed in the cell one H+ ion is left behind. H+ and NH3 are secreted on separate routes, but recombine in the lumen to NH 4 + and reach the final urine in this form. This processper se does not net-remove H+ from the organism. For this purpose, the anionic products of ammoniagenesis (2-oxo-glutarate2− and others) have to be converted into neutral compounds (CO2, glucose). This metabolism again takes place usually in the tubule cell. For each negative charge one HCO 3 − is formed which enters the peritubular blood. Luminal γ-glutamyl transferase-mediated ammoniagenesis contributes to NH 4 + accumulation in the proximal tubule to a small extent. The endproximal NH 4 + delivery exceeds the filtered load by a factor of 9. Only 1/3 of it reaches the distal convoluted tubule mainly because NH 4 + as such is reabsorbed from the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop by secondary active transport or electrodiffusion. Both processes are energized by the active Na+ transport in this segment. Thereby NH3↔NH 4 + is accumulated in the medullary interstitium, which establishes the chemical gradient for non-ionic diffusion of NH3 into the lumen of the collecting ducts. This is favoured by the acidic disequilibrium pH in the lumen of this segment. Secretion of NH3↔NH 4 + , probably by non-ionic diffusion, also into the descending limb of the loop is hypothesized to maintain (together with the NH 4 + reabsorption in the thick ascending limb) the high interstitial NH3↔NH 4 + concentration increasing towards to inner medulla. Thus, the principle of counter current multiplication seems to be involved also in NH 4 + excretion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 186 (1986), S. 353-363 
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Schlagwort(e): Ammonia metabolism ; Glutamine metabolism ; Kidney ; Muscle ; Gut
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of acid and alkali food supplementation on systemic ammonemia to explain the hyper-ammonemia previously observed in rats fed a high protein diet. In normal rats, arterial ammonia concentration significantly increases after 4 days of HCl-supplemented diet. Following a NaHCO3-enriched food, there is only a slight but not significant decrease in arterial ammonia level. These changes occur before any variation in arterial acid-base status and are of renal origin. Indeed, there is a positive linear correlation (r = 0.946;P 〈 0.001) between arterial ammonia level and the ammonia concentration difference between the renal vein and artery (which varies proportionally to the urinary ammonium excretion). Hindquarter uptake and intestinal release of ammonia do not significantly participate in the arterial ammonia changes observed. Following HCl-enriched diets, increased renal glutamine uptake, enhanced hindquarter glutamine release, and perhaps decreased intestinal glutamine uptake occur simultaneously. In conclusion, acid and alkali food supplementation intervenes on the renal ammonia release into the circulation with concomitant arterial ammonemia changes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 173 (1986), S. 299-305 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Raja erinacea ; Squalus acanthias ; Peritubular sheath ; Tight junctions ; Thin section ; Freeze-fracture ; Countercurrent system ; Kidney
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In the kidney of two elasmobranch fish, the little skate (Raja erinacea) and the spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias), each tubular bundle is wrapped by a continuous sheath of extremely flattened cells which are ordered in several closely superimposed layers. Thin sections and freeze-fracture replicas demonstrate that extensive tight functions exist between the cells of this peritubular sheath. The sheath cells lie on a discontinuous basement membrane which suggests that they do not belong to the connective tissue. Conceivably, each peritubular sheath segregates the milieu inside the sheath (surrounding the bundle of 5 tubules bules and capillaries which form the countercurrent system) from the milieu outside the sheath (connective tissue matrix in which the bundles are embedded).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 69 (1986), S. 33-37 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Globoid cell leukodystrophy ; Dog ; Galactosylceramide ; Kidney
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The kidney of a 7-month-old male Cairn terrier with globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) was investigated with light and electron microscopes. A few tubular epithelial cells in the inner medulla as well as some exfoliated cells in the lumina revealed PAS-positive cytoplasm in which needle-like structures were to be seen on occasion. At the ultrastructural level, characteristic inclusions of GLD were found in these cells. This observation indicates that in addition to our previous report in the kidney of murine GLD (Takahashi et al. 1984), kidney in canine GLD also is a site of abnormal storage of galactosylceramide, although so far no morphological or biochemical evidence of galactosylceramide storage was demonstrated in human GLD
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Schlagwort(e): Proximal tubule ; Kidney ; K+ conductance ; Cell membrane potential ; Ouabain temperature ; Phlorizin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In isolated perfused segments of the mouse proximal tubule, the potential difference across the basolateral cell membrane (PDbl) was determined with conventional microelectrodes. Under control conditions with symmetrical solutions it amounted to −62±1 mV (n=118). The potential difference across the epithelium (PDte) was −1.7±0.1 mV (n=45). Transepithelial resistance amounted to 1.82±0.09 kΩ cm (n=28), corresponding to 11.4±0.6 Ω cm2. Increasing bath potassium concentration from 5 to 20 mmol/l depolarized PDbl by +24±1 mV (n=103), and PDte by +1.6±0.1 mV (n=19). Thus, the basolateral cell membrane is preferably conductive to potassium. Rapid cooling of the bath perfusate from 38°C to 10°C led to a transient hyperpolarization of PDbl from −60±1 to −65±1 mV (n=21) within 40 s followed by gradual depolarization by +18±1% (n=14) within 5 min. The transepithelial resistance increased significantly from 1.78±0.11 kΩ cm to 2.20±0.21 kΩ cm (n=15). Rapid rewarming of the bath to 38°C caused a depolarization from −61±2 mV (n=17) to −43±2 mV (n=16) within 15 s followed by a repolarization to −59±2 mV (n=10) within 40 s. Ouabain invariably depolarized PDbl. During both, sustained cooling or application of ouabain, the sensitivity of PDbl to bath potassium concentration decreased in parallel to PDbl pointing to a gradual decrease of potassium conductance. Phlorizin hyperpolarized the cell membrane from −59±2 to −66±1 mV (n=13), virtually abolished the transient hyperpolarization under cooling, and significantly reduced the depolarization after rewarming from +17±2 mV (n=16) to +9±3 mV (n=9). The present data indicate that the contribution of peritubular potassium conductance to the cell membrane conductance decreases following inhibition of basolateral (Na++K+)-ATPase. Apparently, cooling from 37° to 10°C does not only reduce (Na−+K+)-ATPase activity but in addition luminal sodium uptake mechanisms such as the sodium glucose cotransporter. As a result, cooling leads to an initial hyperpolarization of the cell followed by depolarization only after some delay.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 407 (1986), S. S160 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Schlagwort(e): Kidney ; Contraluminal membrane ; Sulfate transport ; Anion exchanger ; DIDS
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The kinetics of sulfate uptake were studied in basolateral membrane vesicles from rat renal cortex. Sulfate uptake exhibits a DIDS-sensitive, saturable component, and a DIDS-insensitive component, which does not saturate in the tested sulfate concentration range (up to 10 mM). Intravesicular (= trans) sulfate strongly stimulates sulfate uptake by increasingJ max and — to a lesser degree — by decreasing apparentK m. The marked dependence ofJ max on trans-sulfate indicates that the transport system operates as an anion exchanger. Half-maximal sulfate uptake occurs at 0.08–0.14 mmol/l extravesicular sulfate. Half-maximal trans-stimulation is observed at 11 mmol/l intravesicular sulfate indicating that the sulfate transporter is highly asymmetric. Lowering extravesicular pH stimulates sulfate uptake, suggesting that external protons are essential for sulfate uptake. This stimulation is mainly due to a decrease inK m. An inside positive membrane potential stimulates sulfate uptake at pHout=8.8, but not at pHout=6.4. These results are compatible with electrogenic sulfate transport at higher and electroneutral 2H+−SO 4 2− cotransport at lower pH.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Schlagwort(e): Interaction ; Kidney ; Mercury ; Selenium ; Metallothionein ; Endogenous copper ; Zinc ; Urinary excretion ; Metals
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of single (SC) administration of mercuric chloride (1 mg Hg/kg) alone or jointly with (PO) sodium selenite (0.39 mg Se/kg) on kidney disposition of mercury (Hg) and metallothionein (MT) and urinary excretion of Hg, zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) has been studied in the female rat. The excretion of Hg and essential metals was determined every day following exposure. Daily excretion of endogenous Cu and Zn the Hg-exposed group was about threefold and fourfold, respectively, in comparison with control groups of rats. Sodium selenite prevented the urinary excretion of endogenous Cu and partly of Zn.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Schlagwort(e): Ochratoxin A ; Tissue distribution ; DNA damage ; Kidney ; Liver
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The distribution of a single low dose of [3H]ochratoxin A (OTA) in different tissues of male Wistar rats, after administration by intubation, was investigated after 5 h, 24 h and 48 h. This dose corresponds to concentrations encountered in naturally contaminated feed (4 ppm). The distribution of [3H]-label varied with the time elapsed after administration; at 5 h the highest specific label was found in the stomach contents and in decreasing order in: intestinal contents, lung, liver, kidney, heart, fat, intestine, testes, and the lowest in muscles, spleen and brain. With exception of brain, fat, stomach and lung, all tissues showed maximum levels at 24 h, after which time the label decreased steadily, whereas in fat it increased. After a 12-week feeding experiment, with doses of 288.8 μg/kg corresponding to an intake of 4 ppm in feed each 48 h, the DNA in liver and kidneys was investigated for damage. By the alkaline elution method combined with micro-spectrofluorimetric determinations of DNA, evidence for DNA single-strand breaks was obtained. These findings support reports on the carcinogenic action of OTA.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 244 (1986), S. 395-401 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Kidney ; Nephron segmentation ; Zonulae occludentes ; Gap junctions ; Freeze fracture ; Teleosts (Salmo gairdneri Rich.)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Cell junctions in the renal tubule of the fresh-water rainbow trout were studied with thin-section and freeze-fracture techniques. Gap junctions were restricted to the proximal tubule, which is consistent with other vertebrate classes. Segments I and II of the proximal tubule and the collecting tubule/collecting duct system exhibited a well-developed zonula occludens with anastomosing strands. The distal segment showed a narrow zonula occludens composed of few parallel strands. The structure of the occluding junctions along the renal tubule of this teleost displays several similarities with the pattern of the zonulae occludentes in the amphibian and the mammalian nephron. From these observations, in conjunction with available data from other vertebrate classes, it can be concluded that in the proximal tubule the development of a deep and complex zonula occludens is a general feature of cold-blooded vertebrates.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Proximal tubule ; Atrophy ; Quantitative changes ; Obstructive nephropathy ; Kidney ; Pig
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Kidneys of pigs with various degrees of induced chronic obstructive nephropathy were studied by light- and electron microscopy to assess the structural changes of proximal convoluted tubules with increasing degrees of atrophy. A particular aim was to evaluate the quantitative relationship between proximal tubular and interstitial changes in early tubular atrophy. The kidneys were subjected to varying degrees of ureteral obstruction and were fixed by in vivo vascular perfusion. Quantitative (morphometric) analyses were carried out on montages of electron micrographs representing randomly selected cortical areas and cross sections of individual proximal convoluted tubules. The results demonstrated that ureteral obstruction was followed by significant reductions in proximal tubular epithelium, in volume of proximal tubular mitochondria and in surface area of proximal tubular basolateral membranes. These changes were present even in the absence of any demonstrable increase in cortical interstitium or alterations in the relationships between proximal tubules and peritubular capillaries. With increase in the volume of cortical interstitium the proximal tubules were further simplified in ultra-structure with a reduced number of interdigitating lateral cell processes. Concomitantly there were significant quantitative changes in the spatial associations between tubules and capillaries due to increase in tubulo-capillary distances. The present study shows that ultrastructural changes in proximal tubules during early atrophy precede the volume increase in cortical interstitium associated with chronic obstructive nephropathy. It is suggested that the early tubular changes are due to decreased functional loads, whereas the further progression of tubular atrophy may be a result of impaired nourishment of the tubular cells due to increased interstitial tissue and altered relationships between tubules and capillaries.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 244 (1986), S. 493-499 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Endothelium ; Capillaries ; Kidney ; Ultrastructure ; Mouse
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A new endothelial cell structure, named the endothelial pocket, has been found by combined transmission and scanning electron microscopic studies of renal peritubular capillaries. Transmission EM observations made on these and other fenestrated capillaries demonstrated that each pocket consists of an attenuated fold of fenestrated endothelium that projects 200 nm into the lumen above the rest of the endothelial surface. Beneath this luminal fold, there is a space and then another layer of fenestrated endothelium which abuts the basal lamina. The linear density of endothelial pockets was measured in the capillaries of the kidney cortex, intestinal mucosa and exocrine pancreas in mice and determined to be 0.067, 0.017 and 0.007 pockets·μm-1 respectively. Cationic ferritin decoration of the anionic sites on the luminal surface of the endothelium in these capillary beds revealed that both unlabelled and labelled diaphragms are clustered. In such specimens, the majority of the luminal diaphragms on endothelial pockets did not have cationic ferritin binding sites detectable by either scanning or transmission EM. On this account as well as on account of their general morphology, endothelial pockets appear to be multifold versions of the simple transendothelial channel.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Histamine ; Histamine N-methyltransferase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kidney ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Histamine N-methyltransferase (S-adenosylmethionine: histamine N-methyltransferase, E.C. 2.1.1.8) was purified to homogeneity from rat kidney, and antibody was raised against it in guinea pigs. The antibody immunoprecipitated histamine N-methyltransferase. Immunofluorescent histochemical studies with anti-histamine N-methyltransferase antibody as the first antibody and goat antiguinea pig IgG conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate as the second, showed the presence of immunoreactive structures in the proximal tubules of rat kidney. The brain showed no immunoreaction with the antibody.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 11-16 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A somewhat unconventional, yet simple, derivation of the assumed stress hybrid formulation is presented in which its relationship with displacement and stress-based finite element models is demonstrated. This gives insight into the hybrid method and shows that it represents a least energy fit of an equilibrium stress field to a displacement model strain field. By this means the attributes of both fields may be exploited in extending the analysis scope of hybrid models.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 73-92 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A new nine node degenerated shell element is presented in this paper. In the formulation of the new element, an enhanced interpolation of the transverse shear strains in the natural co-ordinate system is used to overcome the shear locking problem, and an enhanced interpolation of the membrane strains in the local Cartesian co-ordinate system is applied to avoid membrane locking behaviour. It is shown that the resulting element has the requisite number of zero eigenvalues and associated rigid body modes. The element does not exhibit membrane or shear locking for large span/thickness ratios. To illustrate the good performance of the new element some examples are presented including comparisons with the behaviour of the selectively integrated Lagrangian degenerated shell elements.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 117-132 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The debate on the performance of Lagrangian and Serendipity elements in Mindlin's plate theory has been going on for quite some time. Limited published results for static and vibration analysis based on exact integration demonstrated a drastic deterioration in accuracy as the thickness of the plate decreases, and reduced/selective integration schemes have been suggested to improve their performance. Appreciable improvement for Lagrangian elements has been recorded, but it is only marginal for the Serendipity elements. On the strength of such observations one would then be tempted to rule out the exact integration schemes and Serendipity elements.In this paper, the above problem is reviewed for stability analysis of plates. Two elements are chosen from each family, one representing the higher order and the other the lower order element. Contrary to published results, all elements can attain very accurate solutions independent of the integration schemes for a sufficiently restrained plate, although in general the Serendipity elements will require a more refined mesh than the Lagrangian ones. However, for loosely restrained plates, the solution failed when integration is performed by reduced/selective schemes. The failure marks the limitation of the reduced/selective schemes which have somehow introduced spurious modes into the system, but on the other hand it is ironical that these spurious modes in fact contribute to the improvement of performance of the restrained cases. Therefore, one can equally improve the Serendipity elements by a selective scheme which can introduce additional zero modes. A scheme based on (5 × 5) integration points for flexural stiffness and (3 × 3) integration points for shear stiffness improved the 17SE (Serendipity elements) remarkably. However, because of the lack of bounds in most cases, the use of reduced/selected schemes is still not recommended. Finally, this paper also proposed an approximate formulation of the geometric stiffness matrices to replace the full formulation. Such an approximate formulation reduces the number of variables considerably in the eigenvalue search and can still give reasonably accurate results for thin plates with a/t 〉 15.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 189-208 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: This paper considers a layered thick shell finite element procedure for determining the dynamic transient nonlinear response of plates and shells. The degenerated three-dimensional isoparametric shell element with independent rotational and translational degrees-of-freedom is employed and a layered formulation is adopted to represent the steel reinforcement and to simulate progressive concrete cracking through the thickness. The dynamic yielding function is assumed to be a function of the current strain rate, in addition to being total plastic strain or work dependent. The concrete model also simulates both compressive crushing and tensile cracking behaviours and an implicit Newmark algorithm is employed for time integration of the equations of motion. Several numerical examples are presented for both slab and shell structures and the results obtained compared with those from other sources wherever available.
    Zusätzliches Material: 16 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 241-248 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Superproblems in finite elements require either general-purpose or special-purpose computing machines whose capabilities are very much greater than those currently existing. The advantage of the latter type of machine is that it can be highly optimized for the particular class of problem for which it is designed and can, in principle, for a given generation of hardware, be designed to operate at a higher speed than a corresponding general-purpose computer. The Parallel Finite Element Machine (PARFEM) investigated at the University of Calgary has an architecture based on the finite element computational algorithms and employs a combination of parallel and vector processing. The overall architecture and program structure is described and the major design considerations outlined.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. i 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 377-394 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: An inverse inviscid-boundary-layer interaction scheme is presented for the optimal design of axisymmetric ducts for subsonic, rotational flows. Distribution of the shape factor H on the duct wall, giving minimum total pressure loss and maximum static pressure rise, is used as boundary condition for the inverse integral boundary-layer solution, to obtain the velocity and displacement thickness distributions on the wall. Vector addition of the inviscid core radius, derived from the solution of the inverse inviscid flow equations, and the displacement thickness produces the desired duct shape.
    Zusätzliches Material: 18 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 451-463 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 497-519 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The paper summarizes preliminary work on crash analysis25-27 performed on an extended finite element model as provided by the nonlinear LARSTRAN program package at ICA. The essential methodology is evolved along the natural finite element approach. Also overviewed are solution techniques for the nonlinear equations of motion. The application of a simple folding mechanism is indicated and crashworthiness computations of car structures are described.
    Zusätzliches Material: 23 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 547-574 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: We present in this paper a general formulation for shallow water equations which is capable of solving problems of induced harbour oscillation, tidal flow, tsunami propagation, dispersion of pollutant, etc.The shallow water equations are written in a novel fully conservative form. The solution algorithm is based on an explicit time integration procedure which exploits the conservative properties of the governing equations and incorporates accurate treatment of convective terms without introduction of artificial damping. Its accuracy and low cost of computation make it attractive vis-à-vis existing procedures.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 623-635 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: First, the three-dimensional elasto-plastic analyses of 1CT and 18 mm thick CCT specimens are carried out by using the finite element method, and the thickness effects of both specimens are studied. In elastic states, there is no significant difference between the CT and CCT specimen in the distribution of the J-integral along the straight or curved crack front. However, in elasto-plastic states, quite the contrary tendency is obtained in the distributions of J x and COD along the curved crack front for both specimens. Secondly, elasto-plastic analyses are carried out for CCT specimens of four kinds of thickness (B = 200, 18, 6 and 4 mm). The distributions of the J-integral along the crack front are obtained and compared. Finally, the availability of the JR value is examined, which is evaluated from the load versus displacement curve by using Rice's formula.
    Zusätzliches Material: 22 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 39-62 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: This paper discusses various forms of the Irons patch test and shows again that its satisfaction is a necessary convergence condition being equivalent to consistency, Further, it is shown that the test can be applied for verification of stability requirements, thus providing also a sufficient condition of convergence. The patch test is useful in testing the order of asymptotic convergence and the satisfaction of the test gives a guide for development of certain incompatible element forms.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 93-115 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: In his delightful and original textbook,18 Bruce Irons introduces the chapter of plate bending with the remark ‘History of disasters, but the pioneering days are past’. This is certainly true. On the other hand, we learn in the same context from Irons: ‘We believe that the world has not yet exhausted the older formulations.’ In this paper we present a review of theoretical aspects of the plate-bending triangle TRUNC (Reference 4), together with extensive tests in linear statics, dynamics, buckling and nonlinear large deformations both for plates and shells. The unconventional TRUNC model is based on the patch test, which was originated by Irons.1 In spite of its limited theoretical foundation, the performance of this element on a fairly broad field of applications appears at least from the practical point of view very satisfactory.
    Zusätzliches Material: 23 Ill.
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 173-181 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: An examination of the variational formulations confirms the similarity between the incompatible displacement model and the assumed stress hybrid model that was pointed out by Irons in 1972. But the basic differences between the two are also identified. For 8-node solid elements the assumed stress terms obtained through a rational procedure also agree with those deduced by Irons purely from his physical insight.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 209-218 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The efficiency of iterative methods in linear structural mechanics is studied. The efficiency concerns the calculation time, the numerical accuracy and the core storage needed. We state that iterative methods are effective in connection with hierarchical improvement of a primary approximation. Three iterative methods are studied: the conjugate gradient method preconditioned by a modified incomplete factorization matrix, the same method preconditioned by a matrix obtained from natural factors on elemental level, and a Jacobi integration preconditioned by viscous relaxation split in an element-by-element way. We make comparisons with direct methods, Gaussian elimination and factorization by use of natural factors.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 169-169 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 170-171 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 209-218 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Differentiating matrices allow the numerical differentiation of functions defined at points of a discrete grid. Previous derivations of these matrices have been restricted to grids with uniformly spaced points, and the resulting derivative approximations have lacked precision, especially at endpoints. The present work derives differentiating matrices on grids with arbitrarily spaced points. It is shown that high accuracy can be achieved through use of differentiating matrices on non-uniform grids through the expedient of including ‘near- boundary’ points. Use of the differentiating matrix as an operator in the solution of problems involving ordinary differential equations is also considered.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 350-351 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 253-274 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Zusätzliches Material: 15 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 409-428 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A new and powerful mathematical programming method is described, which is capable of solving a broad class of structural optimization problems. The method employs mixed direct/reciprocal design variables in order to get conservative, first-order approximations to the objective function and to the constraints. By this approach the primary optimization problem is replaced with a sequence of explicit subproblems. Each subproblem being convex and separable, it can be efficiently solved by using a dual formulation. An attractive feature of the new method lies in its inherent tendency to generate a sequence of steadily improving feasible designs. Examples of application to real-life aerospace structures are offered to demonstrate the power and generality of the approach presented.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 523-524 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986) 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 481-494 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. i 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 575-595 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A method for the computation of hydrostatic forces on cable, truss, beam, plate and shell type structures is presented. A general large displacement formulation is assumed which allows for displacements and rotations of unlimited size. Equilibrating forces for nodal points as well as incremental force-displacement relationships are given. Various ways of making the geometric load matrix symmetric for incremental analysis is discussed. Alternative strategies for the incremental-iterative solution is also treated. A method for the determination of the hydrostatic stability of floating structures is suggested. Metacentres and centres of buoyancy for rotations about principal axes in the water plane are automatically computed. The paper presents three examples of applications: a pipe which is partially submerged, a full overturning of a floating space frame and, finally, a hydrostatic stability analysis of a ship.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 453-470 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: We present a new 6-node triangular bending element (called DKTP) based on a discrete Kirchhoff model. A corresponding new flat-shell element, DLTP, having quadratic variation of in-plane displacement is also presented. This element has 6 degrees-of-freedom (u, v, w, θx, θy, θz) at each corner node and 3 degrees-of-freedom (u, v, w) at each mid-side node. Detailed numerical experimentation is presented to demonstrate the efficiency and reliability of these elements.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 959-978 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The finite layer techniques introduced in Part 1 of this paper are extended to allow the analysis of circular or general loadings applied to horizontally layered anisotropic materials. The analysis is considerably simplified through the use of Hankel transforms (circular loadings) and double Fourier transformations (general loadings).Once again an exact flexibility matrix is found for each finite layer, and it is shown that this flexibility matrix has precisely the same form whether the loading is a strip, circular or general loading. The flexibility matrix has the advantage of not becoming singular for incompressible materials as is the case for the stiffness matrices used in a conventional finite strip analysis.Examples are given of the behaviour of circular and general (rectangular) loadings applied to multilayered anisotropic materials. It is also shown by means of an example, that the method is extremely useful for analysis of problems involving incompressible materials.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 985-1002 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: An advanced formulation of the boundary element method has been developed for inelastic analysis based on an initial stress approach. The iterative solution algorithm makes use of an accelerated initial stress approach in which the past history of initial stresses are used to obtain an initial estimate for the current increment. In the present analysis the geometry and functions are represented by higher order (quadratic) shape functions to model complex geometries and rapid functional variations accurately. The methods of numerical integration of the kernels, particularly the singular type, are substantially improved by devising suitable automatic sub-segmentation routines that incorporate the recent developments in mapping procedures. The formulations have been implemented for two-dimensional plane stress, plane strain and three-dimensional elasto-plasticity problems.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1003-1022 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The problem of non-linear superconducting magnet and electrical protection circuit system transients is formulated. To enable studying the effects of coil normalization transients, coil distortion (due to imbalanced magnetic forces), internal coil arcs and shorts, and other normal and off-normal circuit element responses, the following capabilities are included: temporal, voltage and current-dependent voltage sources, current sources, resistors, capacitors and inductors. The concept of self-mutual inductance, and the form of the associated inductance matrix, is discussed for internally shorted coils. This is a Kirchhoff's voltage loop law and Kirchhoff's current node law formulation. The non-linear integrodifferential equation set is solved via a unique hybrid finite difference/integral finite element technique.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1101-1109 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: An incomplete factorization iterative scheme with ORTHOMIN acceleration is evaluated for three-dimensional finite element applications. Both heat conduction and combined heat and fluid flow are investigated. Computational efficiency is investigated for both linear (8 node) and quadratic (27 node) elements as well as for various degrees of LU Decomposition. The factorization schemes worked well with both types of elements, and a variable factorization scheme, which distributes the level of factorization, performed well on difficult heat and fluid flow problems.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1145-1159 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: In this paper, the formulation of six-point and nine-point finite element equations for the solution of the diffusion-convection equation is presented. The six-point equation requires the solution of a tridiagonal system of equations and the nine-point centred equation is treated as a solution of a boundary value problem which leads to a large linear system of equations.Some numerical experiments are presented and the comparison with existing methods is included.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1195-1196 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1245-1261 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The efficiency of a field-consistent two-noded linear curved axisymmetric shear-flexible shell element is shown to be due to the removal of both shear and membrane locking. Typical applications illustrate how the field-consistent representation dramatically improves performance, and allows greater flexibility in tailoring element design to satisfy specific problem needs.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1273-1294 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The paper presents a solution to the problem of dynamic optimization of framed structures for which the design variables are not only the sizes of the members but also the positions of the joints. The optimal design obtained is the least weight design which satisfies a specific frequency requirement plus upper and lower bounds on the design variables. The design algorithm is an iterative solution of the Kuhn-Tucker optimality criterion. The procedure is to modify an initial design to first obtain the desired fundamental frequency and then, while this frequency is held constant, to minimize the weight.The most important features of the algorithm are (a) a small number of design iterations is needed to reach an optimal or near-optimal design, (b) structural elements with a wide variety of size-stiffness may be used.The design procedure is illustrated with some numerical examples. The results show that the method is rapidly convergent and the optimized configurations are determined in a small number of redesign cycles. The procedure has been completely automated in a computer program on the HP 45 desk-top computer.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1329-1341 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Reduction method and computational procedures are presented for reducing the size of the analysis model and the number of degrees of freedom used in predicting the non-linear response of symmetric anisotropic panels. The two key elements of the method are (a) operator splitting, or decomposition of the characteristic arrays of the finite element model into sums of orthotropic and non-orthotropic contributions, (b) application of a reduction method through the successive use of the finite element method and the classical Rayleigh-Ritz technique. The finite element method is first used to generate a small number of global approximation vectors (or modes). Then the amplitudes of these modes are computed by using the classical Rayleigh-Ritz technique.The global approximation vectors are selected to be those commonly used in single (or multiple) parameter perturbation techniques, namely a non-linear solution corresponding to zero non-orthotropic arrays and a number of its derivatives with respect to an anisotropic tracing parameter (and possibly, to a load or arc-length parameter in the solution space). The size of the analysis model used in generating the global approximation vectors is identical to that of the corresponding orthotropic structure.The effectiveness of the proposed reduction method is demonstrated by means of a numerical example, and its potential for solving quasi-symmetric non-linear problems of anisotropic panels is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1395-1406 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: We investigate the Cauchy problem for hyperbolic equations for which the frequencies of the main Fourier components in the solution are located in a given frequency interval. Difference formulae for the spatial derivatives are constructed that are tuned to the given intervals of frequencies. Numerical examples illustrating these special discretizations are given both for linear and non-linear problems.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1455-1481 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The numerical solution of n non-linear algebraic equations with n unknowns, when any or all of the variables are subjected to constraints, is discussed. Distinction is made between physical and absolute constraints. It is shown, using a set of test problems, that solution of constrained equations does require a special approach. It is found that the step length restricted Newton's method performs best for problems with absolute constraints. Physical constraints can be best handled using a continuation method or penalty functions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1495-1508 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A direct method, which uses stress and displacement modes obtained from the governing equations of a problem, is adopted for finite element formulation. It is shown that this method actually leads to a restricted hybrid stress formulation if the displacement modes are changed to ensure symmetry of the stiffness matrix. Through this direct method, however, the problem of selecting the appropriate number of stress modes in the regular hybrid stress model is bypassed. Only the minimum number of modes that are compatible with the number of nodal degrees-of-freedom of an element is needed in the formulation. Using more modes only leads to a combination of stress modes, and will not improve the order of performance of the element. It is shown through numerical examples that the restricted hybrid stress formulation leads to well-balanced elements.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1547-1565 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The dynamic response of rigid strip-foundations placed on or embedded in a homogeneous, isotropic, linear elastic half-space under conditions of plane strain to either external forces or obliquely incident seismic waves of arbitrary time variation is numerically obtained. The above mixed boundary-value problems are treated by the time domain boundary element method which is used in a step-by-step timewise fashion to provide the foundation response to a rectangular impulse. Numerical examples are presented in detail to demonstrate the use and importance of the proposed method. The method appears to be more advantageous than frequency domain techniques, because it provides the transient foundation response in a natural and direct way and can form the basis for extension to the non-linear case.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1582-1582 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1629-1641 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A new mixed finite element formulation is developed based on the Hellinger-Reissner principle with independent strain. By dividing the assumed strain into its lower order and higher order parts, the new formulation can be made much more efficient than the conventional mixed formulation. In addition the present new approach provides an alternative way of introducing a stabilization matrix to suppress undesirable kinematic modes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1679-1691 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The paper deals with the minimum weight design of cylindrical water tanks. The design is to conform to BS5337. The design procedure used is a combination of the finite element analysis of structures and a numerical method of optimization. In the design, the internal radius and the height of the tank are fixed and the variation of wall thickness is treated as the unknown of the design. Only piecewise linear variations of thickness are considered. Results of some examples are presented and discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1715-1726 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Geometric non-linearities for large amplitude free and forced vibrations of circular plates are investigated. In-plane displacement and in-plane inertia are included in the formulation. The finite element method is used. An harmonic force matrix for non-linear forced vibration analysis is introduced and derived. Various out-of-plane and in-plane boundary conditions are considered. The relations of amplitude and frequency ratio for different boundary conditions and various load conditions are presented.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1885-1904 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: In this work, we present a critical comparison of two basic ways of implementing the boundary element method in three-dimensional elastostatics. The first way is by using non-conforming elements, i.e. elements which have the collocation nodes removed from their perimeter. The number of nodes used for the collocation of the boundary tractions and displacements need not coincide with the number of nodes placed along the perimeter of the element for the purpose of describing the geometry. The second way is by placing the collocation nodes along the perimeter of the element, usually in coincidence with the geometry nodes. Thus, interelement continuity of the displacements is obtained. The basic reasons for the use of non-conforming elements in the boundary element method are twofold. First, simplification in the assembly and solution of the system equations and, secondly, easy computation of the ‘free’ and Cauchy principal value terms appearing in the integral equations. The state of the art in the boundary element method, however, has advanced in the last decade to the point where both of the aforementioned reasons are no longer problematic. As will be shown in what follows, conforming elements are able to produce more accurate results than non-conforming ones with substantial economy in the final size of the system equations.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1939-1958 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: This paper introduces a general theory for the derivation of the shape functions for the quadrilateral family of finite elements. The first section deals with the Lagrangian shape functions for the cases of uniform and boundary-described elements. Two basic procedures are introduced; the first by linear combinations of side-interpolations and the second by superposition. The remainder of the paper introduces a theory for the general uniform Hermitian element of any order. Details for quadrilateral elements, with first order derivatives are explained. All of the shape functions presented here were derived in the interval [0,1].The shape functions, developed by such an engineering approach, have been used successfully in the ABSEA Finite Element System of Cranfield Institute of Technology.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1971-1972 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986) 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. I 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986) 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 63-71 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The main purpose of this paper is to emphasize the necessity of convergence tests in general and the patch test in particular. Following a brief introduction, the patch test is described with examples. This, it is hoped, will help to remove any lingering misunderstanding of this very useful convergence test. Some positive contributions of the test in the formulation and improvement of elements are also discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 133-151 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The semiloof shell element is the final product of years of research by Professor Irons and his colleagues, during which period the three-dimensional quadratic displacement isoparametric elements were successively modified into Ahmad thick shells, then eventually, using discrete Kirchhoff hypotheses, into the thin semiloof shells. The retention of curved sides and midside nodes retains the familiar appearance of the two- and three-dimensional isoparametric families, which enables ease of use with existing pre- and post-processing facilities. The element has been widely adapted and used frequently for elastic analyses of wide-ranging structures. It has also been developed for nonlinear geometric and material behaviour. However, despite the unparalleled generality in performance of this element, some unresolved problem areas still exist, particularly with use of reduced integrating rules. Such problems are highlighted in the paper and rectified where possible. A variety of problems are described to illustrate the above points and other interesting features, such as the treatment of thermal loading, and to emphasize the importance of this contribution to finite element technology by Professor Irons.
    Zusätzliches Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 1-10 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 17-38 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: When analysing complex structures it is rarely feasible to represent explicitly all the structural features which may contribute significantly to local or global structural performance. This paper presents a variety of methods for representing features which are below the economic analysis scale. Two approaches are described - referred to as implicit stiffness calculation and implicit mesh refinement. The former is essentially approximate and uses relatively simple formulae and computations. The latter involves quite extensive subsidiary calculation, but can lead to numerically exact simulation of fine mesh behaviour in so far as it affects neighbouring structure. Stiffness equivalence principles are stated and a number of computation schemes are presented and illustrated with simple two-dimensional examples.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 153-171 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A number of programs have been developed and tested to enable the routine addition of elements with internal nodes into most finite element packages. A subsequent examination was carried out to assess the effect of those nodes on (a) the accuracy of the displacements and stresses using parametric elements with varying formulation complexities, and (b) the possible additional cost in processing, owing to adequacy of representation. It was found in general that, by including the internal nodes, the representation of both the displacement and the stress fields improved dramatically. It was also found that having hierarchical nodes could lead to a reduction in the processing cost.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 219-228 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 249-266 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Zusätzliches Material: 28 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 281-288 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The strain energy of straight beam members derived from the isoparametric shape functions is known to be invariant with respect to the number of integration points as long as they exceed a minimum number. However, this invariant property is generally lost for curved members. For example, the two-point integrated, membrane strain energy of curved beams by employing the quadratic shape functions is different from the three-point integrated one. This paper presents an invariant strain interpolation scheme for quadratic curved beam elements, which can lead to improved membrane representations in curved shell elements, thus resolving the perplexing membrane-bending coupling difficulties in thin shell analysis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 309-326 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Analytical flow models in the near sonic domain of compressible flow are discussed as a supplementary background to elliptic continuation and fictitious gas design methods, to extend shock-free design into choked flow design, shock-wave construction, with the aim of developing new analysis programs and of developing experience for three-dimensional configuration design.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 267-279 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Iterative methods for solving mixed finite element equations that correct displacement and stress unknowns in ‘staggered’ fashion are attracting increased attention. This paper looks at the problem from the standpoint of allowing fairly arbitrary approximations to be made on both the stiffness and compliance matrices used in solving for the corrections. The resulting iterative processes usually diverge unless stabilized with Courant penalty terms. An iterative procedure previously constructed for equality-constrained displacement models is recast to fit the mixed finite element formulation in which displacements play the role of Lagrange multipliers. The penalty function iteration is shown to reduce to an ordinary staggered stress-displacement iteration if the weight is set to zero. Convergence conditions for these procedures are stated and the potentially troublesome effect of prestress modes noted.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986) 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 341-361 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: This paper describes a numerical method for designing closed aerofoils that correspond to given surface speed distributions including flows with shock waves. The prescribed surface speed distribution in general contains three parameters whose values are found as part of the solution. The inverse aerofoil design problem is not well posed unless the prescribed speed satisfies three constraints that can be used to fix the value of the three adjustable parameters. The computational method is based on the numerical solution of the full potential equation in conservation form by an approximate factorization-multigrid scheme. The nature of the constraints and several strategies for introducing the necessary freedom in the prescribed speed are discussed along with typical solutions illustrating the method.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 22 (1986), S. 395-416 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: With the aid of the elliptic continuation method, transonic aerofoils for two different purposes have been optimized. The design process is described and it is shown that the optimization is more difficult for higher design Mach numbers. The results of experimental investigations confirmed the good aerodynamic performances of the designed aerofoils, although no real shock-free pressure distributions could be achieved in the experiments and the highest aerodynamic efficiencies occurred always at higher lift coefficients, with pressure distributions already having shock waves.
    Zusätzliches Material: 25 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 533-554 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: In a broad class of inelastic constitutive models for the deformation of metals the inelastic strain rates are functions of the current state of stress and internal state variables only. All known models are in some regions of application mathematically stiff and therefore difficult to integrate. The unconditionally stable implicit Euler rule is used for integration. It leads to a system of highly nonlinear algebraic equations which have to be solved by an iterative process. The general Newton-Raphson method, which converges under very broad conditions, requires repeated solution of the finite element system and is infeasible for large inelastic problems. But for the inelastic strains and internal state variables the Jacobian can be computed analytically and therefore the NRI can be used. For the stresses the Jacobian cannot be computed analytically and therefore the accelerated Jacobi iteration is used. A new method for computing the relaxation parameter is introduced which increases the rate of convergence significantly. The new algorithm is applied on Hart's model. A comparison with prior computations using an approximation is made.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 609-622 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: An existing algorithm ensures that no eigenvalues are missed when using the stiffness matrix method of structural analysis, where the eigenvalues are the natural frequencies of undamped free vibration analyses or the critical load factors of buckling problems. The algorithm permits efficient multi-level substructuring and gives ‘exact’ results when the member equations used are those obtained by solving appropriate differential equations. The present paper extends this algorithm to cover rotationally periodic (i.e. cyclically symmetric) three-dimensional structures which are analysed by using complex arithmetic to obtain a stiffness matrix which involves only one of the rotationally repeating portions of the structure. Nodes and members are allowed to coincide with the axis of rotational periodicity and the resulting modes are classified. Rigid body freedoms are accounted for empirically, and the ‘exact’ member equations and efficient multi-level substructuring of the earlier algorithm can be used when assembling the stiffness matrix of the repeating portion.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 695-706 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The theory presented enables rotationally periodic (i.e. cyclically symmetric) three-dimensional substructures to be included when using existing algorithms to ensure that no eigenvalues are missed when the stiffness matrix method of structural analysis is used, where the eigenvalues are the natural frequencies of undamped free vibration analyses or the critical load factors of buckling problems. A substructure can be connected in any required way to a parent structure which shares its rotational periodicity, or can be connected by nodes at each end of its axis of periodicity to any parent structure, i.e. the parent structure need not be periodic. The theory uses complex arithmetic, involves only one of the rotationally repeating portions of the substructure, allows nodes and members to coincide with the axis of rotational periodicity, permits efficient multi-level use of rotationally periodic substructures, and gives ‘exact’ eigenvalues if the member equations used are those obtained by solving appropriate differential equations. The competitiveness of the method is illustrated by approximate predictions of computation times and savings for two structures which contain rotationally periodic substructures.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 732-733 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 555-578 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A hybrid-stress formulation of isoparametric elements for the analysis of thin multilayer laminated composite plates is presented. The element displacement behaviour is characterized by laminate reference surface inplane and transverse displacements and laminate non-normal cross-section rotations; as a result, simple Co interpolation of displacement and rotation can be used, and the number of degrees-of-freedom is independent of the number of layers. All components of stress are included and are related to a set of laminate stress parameters, the number of which is independent of the number of layers. Attention is restricted here to thin laminates, for which it is shown that the contributions of transverse shear stress and transverse normal stress to the internal complementary energy can be neglected. As a result of this reduction, a modified stiffness-formation algorithm can be used which provides a significant improvement in computational efficiency. The formulation presented is used to develop an 8-node isoparametric thin multilayer plate element. The resulting element is naturally invariant, of correct rank, and non-locking in the thin plate limit.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 725-730 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 734-735 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 751-778 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A method using techniques of computational geometry for triangular mesh generation for regions with complicated polygonal boundaries in the plane is presented. The input to the method includes the desired number of triangles and a mesh smoothness parameter to be specified, as well as the polygonal curves of the region's boundary and, possibly, internal interfaces. The triangulation generated conforms to the length scales of the edges of the boundary curves, but the method can be extended to provide additional control of the triangulation by a mesh distribution function. The region is decomposed into convex subregions in two stages, such that triangles of one length scale can be generated in each subregion. This decomposition uses algorithms which run in times that are linear in the number of vertices of the input polygons. Details of two major computational experiments are provided.
    Zusätzliches Material: 21 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 871-882 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Rotary inertia and dynamic-correction rotary inertia matrices for a linearly tapered beam element of any cross-sectional shape are derived in explicit form. Exact expressions for the required displacement functions are used in the derivation of these matrices. Variation of area and moment of inertia of the cross-section along the axis of the element are exactly represented by simple functions involving shape factors. Vibration analysis results of a tapered cantilever beam of I-section, obtained with and without the rotary inertia matrices are compared and effect of rotary inertia on vibration of tapered beams discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 919-928 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The boundary integro-differential equation method is illustrated by two numerical examples concerning the study of the dynamic stress intensity factor around a penny-shaped crack in an infinite elastic body. Harmonic and impact load on the crack surface has been considered. Applying the Laplace transform with respect to time to the governing equations of motion the problem is solved in the transformed domain by the boundary integro-differential equations. The Laplace transformed general transient problem can be used to solve the steady-state problem as a special case where no numerical inversion is involved.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 979-979 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1-11 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A method is described which calculates the fluid flow pattern for any generalized Newtonian fluid forced through the narrow annular space between two concentric cylindrical surfaces. The inner surface is engraved with a number of identical equally spaced spiral channels of small constant pitch angle but of varying cross-sectional area. For equal flow into the spiral passages, the pressure distribution along them is described by a quasi-linear ordinary difference-differential equation. A finite element approximation is employed to solve this equation for the pressure and resultant flow field. The method is illustrated by calculating and comparing flow patterns through two different spiral geometries.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 439-452 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Part 1 of this paper reports on the formulation of an advanced boundary - integral equation model for fracture mechanics analysis of cracked plates, subject to elastoplastic behaviour or other, related body force problems. The basis of this formulation contrasts with other BIE elastoplastic formulations in the use of the Green's function for an infinite plane containing a stress free crack. This Green's function formulation assures that the total elastic strain field for the crack problem is accurately imbedded in the numerical model. The second part of this paper reports on the numerical implementation of this algorithm, as currently developed. The anelastic strain field (residual strains, thermal strains, plastic strains, etc.) is approximated as piecewise constant, while the boundary data is modelled with linear interpolations. An iteration solution scheme is adopted which eliminates the need for recalculation of the BIE matrices. The stability and accuracy of the algorithm are demonstrated for an uncracked, notch geometry, and comparison to finite element results is made for the centre-cracked panel. The data shows that even the crude plastic strain model applied is capable of excellent resolution of crack tip plastic behaviour.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 509-522 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: This paper presents an algorithm for dynamic Lagrangian computations for solids, in plane strain geometry, with variable nodal connectivity to allow for severe distortions. The nodes are somewhat analogous to flexible circular disks. When they move closer together than their equilibrium distance they generate compressive, repulsive forces. Conversely, when they move apart, they generate tensile, attractive forces. Material strength effects are also included. Because a node can only be affected by its ‘neighbour’ nodes, the approach has been designated the ‘NABOR’ approach. The key to this approach is that it is possible to have variable nodal connectivity - a node can acquire new neighbours, thus allowing all forms of distortion. The NABOR algorithm has been incorporated as an option into the explicit finite element code, EPIC-2. By using both the NABOR grid and the EPIC-2 finite element grid together, it is possible to perform Lagrangian computations for a wide range of problems.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 579-589 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: By use of a collocation time finite element formulation a modification of the well-known generalized midpoint method is derived. The new family possesses an additional free parameter. This allows for significant improvement of the numerical solution in strongly nonlinear situations. Numerical results show the accuracy of the proposed algorithm in comparison to the midpoint method.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 623-633 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 707-710 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Cubic spline on quintic spline interpolations are used to approximate the derivative terms for use in two high order numerical schemes for the solution of two-point boundary value ordinary differential equations. The use of splines leads to solutions that reflect the smoothness of the slopes of the differential equations. Results of some computational experiments are given.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 731-731 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986) 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 847-862 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Many current approaches to finite element modelling of large deformation elastic - plastic forming problems use a rate form of the virtual work (equilibrium) equations, and a finite element representation of the displacement components. Called the incremental method, this approach produces a three-field formulation in which displacements, stresses and effective strain are dependent variables. Next, the formulation is converted to a one-field displacement formulation by an algebraic time discretization which uses a low order explicit time-stepping procedure to integrate the equations. This approach does not produce approximations which satisfy the discrete equilibrium equations at all times and, moreover, the advantage of the single-field algebraic formulation is realized at the expense of very small time steps needed to produce stability and accuracy in the numerical calculations.This paper describes a variant of the mixed method in which all three field variables (displacements, stresses and effective strain) are given finite element representations. The discrete equilibrium equations then generate a nonlinear system of algebraic equations whose solutions represent a manifold, while the constitutive equations form a system of ordinary differential equations. A commercially available, variable time step/variable order code is then used to integrate this differential/algebraic system. When applied to the problem of hydrostatic bulging of a membrane, the new approach requires far less computer time than the incremental method.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1229-1244 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: This paper discusses the finite element analysis of the flexural interaction between an elastic plate and an elastic half-space. The applicability of certain Mindlin-type plate elements, based on reduced integration techniques, to this class of interaction problem is investigated. A series of numerical computations reveal that those elements which possess spurious zero-energy modes are deficient in modelling properly the interaction phenomenon. It is also found that the ‘heterosis’ plate element reported in the literature is capable of modelling the plate-elastic medium interaction very efficiently.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1295-1311 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: This paper discusses a mathematical model governing the galvanic corrosion phenomenon and surveys the research efforts which have been applied to find a solution to the above problem. The authors classify these techniques into three categories. The first is the finite difference method (FDM), the second is the finite element method (FEM) and the last is the boundary element method (BEM).
    Zusätzliches Material: 16 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 23 (1986), S. 1343-1353 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Mixed methods solved by an iterative process have been shown to provide an inexpensive procedure for improving the results of standard displacement analysis. This paper shows the possibilities present in their application to dynamic problems, where again accuracy improvement is achieved at small additional expense.The advantages of the formulation presented are particularly noteworthy in explicit forms where the difficulties of ‘hour-glass’ modes associated with minimal integration rules ae avoided without cost increase.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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