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  • 1995-1999
  • 1985-1989  (1,420)
  • 1988  (1,420)
  • General Chemistry  (1,050)
  • Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling  (332)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging
  • Nuclear reactions
Material
Years
  • 1995-1999
  • 1985-1989  (1,420)
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; orbital neoplasms ; radiography ; surgical therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract During the last two and a half years 60 patients with orbital space occupying neoplasms were treated surgically at the Department of Maxillo-facial Surgery of the University Clinic of Essen. With modern imaging techniques exact information on the location and extent of space occupation was available before the operation. Therefore the surgical approach could be optimized. Despite the various and sometimes inaccessible tumor locations, transcranial operation was only necessary in six patients. In the remaining 54 patients anterior orbitotomy allowed either a definitive tumor therapy or histological verification of the diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 30 (1988), S. 81-83 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Ecchordosis physaliphora ; Spinal cord
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The authors report a rare case of ecchordosis physaliphora arising from C2, manifested with clinical symptoms, with the findings of CT scans and MRI.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Gadolinium-DTPA ; Intracranial disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary One hundred patients with CT-proven intracranial disease have been studied by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and after intravenous injection with Gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA), in order to assess the role and clinical efficacy of Gd-DTPA. T2-weighted spin echo sequences, although sensitive to the detection of intracranial disease, in general fail to differentiate macroscopic tumour from oedema. Following Gd-DTPA, T1-weighted spin echo sequences in primary tumours demonstrated a variable degree of contrast enhancement unrelated to histological type. Small tumours, especially acoustic neuromas and meningiomas in the posterior fossa, were rendered more conspicuous. Optimum time for scanning was between five and 25 min following injection for all lesions except those adjacent to normal enhancing structures such as nasal/sinus mucosa and pituitary gland when delayed scans up to 45 min were necessary. No differences were observed between the 0.1 and 0.2 mmol/kg Gd-DTPA concentrations used and no complications attributable to Gd-DTPA were detected. Clinical advantages of Gd-DTPA include shorter scan times, macroscopic tumour/oedema separation and improved detection of certain tumours, particularly acoustic neuromas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 30 (1988), S. 219-223 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of 20 patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS) are presented. The studies were performed on a 0.5 Tesla magnet using spin-echo technique. Analysis of the MRI findings included detailed linear measurements of the ventricular and the subarachnoid spaces and reading of the intensity of the grey and white matter and intensity of the MS plaques. The plaques were sorted according to their number and size. The younger patients (20–40 years) had overall more plaques than the older ones (over 40 years). The small plaques were the most numerous and the large ones were the least common. Statistically significant association was found between the number of plaques and the cella media width. The intensity ratios between the nonplaque white matter/grey matter showed a significant correlation with the ventricular score. A significant negative correlation was found between the antero-posterior diameter of the spinal cord and the number of MS plaques in the brain. The plaque/white matter ratio had a significantly negative correlation with the cervical cord's width.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Arteriovenous malformation ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Cavernous sinus ; Dura mater
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Four patients with dural arteriovenous malformation (AVMs) draining into the cavernous sinus, who presented ophthalmic manifestations, were studied by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. In all patients signal decrease in the involved cavernous sinus was demonstrated in coronal spinecho (SE) imaging. It is attributable to rapid venous flow in the sinus, and this “high velocity signal loss” is a fairly pathognomonic finding in this condition. We stress the validity of MR imaging in the primary diagnosis of dural AVMs with ophthalmic symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 30 (1988), S. 310-314 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Hydrocephalus ; Spinal cord tumours ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In six young patients presenting with raised intracranial pressure during the period of a year, CT revealed the presence of hydrocephalus, but not the cause. Magnetic Resonance Imaging not only shwed the site and nature of the obstructing lesion, but also detected additional clinically silent spinal cord tumors in five of the patients. The place of MRI in the diagnosis of diseases involving the region of the cranio-cervical junction and in the elucidation of “unexplained hydrocephalus” is considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 30 (1988), S. 571-573 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Ossification of ligamentum flavum ; Thoracic myelopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of thoracic myelopathy due to ossification of the ligamentum flavum is presented. A fifty-five year old female complained of sensory and motor disturbance of lower limbs. Neuroradiologically, in addition to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament throughout the spines, ossified ligamenta flava were found at the Th10–11 level and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) clearly showed the spinal cord compressed at the same level by a low-intensity-signal lesion. Laminectomy and removal of the ossfied ligamenta flava improved her neurological dysfunction. The usefulness of the MRI in the neuroradiological diagnosis was confirmed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Corpus callosum atrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Among 110 patients (45 men, 65 women), aged 15 to 66, with clinical and/or biological diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS), severe to moderate corpus callosum (CC) atrophy was observed in 67 (60%) patients. Correlation between CC atrophy, brain atrophy, duration and severity of clinical symptoms, and high signal white matter areas, was carried out in 90 patients. Mean age was 46 years for those with severe CC atrophy, and 33 years for those without atrophy. Mean duration of the disease was 14 years in patients with severe atrophy, and 5 years in patients without atrophy. Severity of clinical symptoms is more pronounced in patients with severe CC atrophy. Numerous or large white matter high signal areas are observed in patients with severe CC atrophy on T2-weighted images. CC atrophy appears earlier than brain atrophy in the course of MS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; Respiratory arrest ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Dual respiratory pathways
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 66-year-old MS patient who suffered respiratory arrest followed by complete remission is reported. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a medullary lesion. Clinicoradiological relationships are discussed.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 30 (1988), S. 65-68 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Hypothalamic hamartoma ; Precocious puberty ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hypothalamic hamartoma is the most common detectable cerebral lesion causing precocious puberty. Two histologically confirmed cases were studied by computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. T2 weighted, sagittal MR images were superior to CT in delineating the tumor from surrounding grey matter. The lesion was isointense to grey matter on T1 weighted images allowing exclusion of other hypothalamic tumors. MR will undoubtedly become the imaging modality of choice in the detection of hypothalamic hamartoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 30 (1988), S. 261-264 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Cavernous hemangiorna ; Spinal cord ; Thoracic spine ; Computed tomography ; Metrizamide myelogram ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 25-year-old woman presented with a four-year history of progressive right-lower-extremity weakness and atrophy and a left hemisensory deficit was found. Metrizamide-enhanced spinal CT scan showed an intramedullary lesion at the level of T1-T2; this had expanded the cord in fusiform fashion but showed no evidence of a cystic component. Surgical resection was performed and the pathological diagnosis was cavernous hemangioma. Two and one-half years later, her left hemisensory deficit was worsening and a spinal MRI showed high signal intensity mass in the region of the previous surgery consistent with chronic hematoma which was re-evacuated with some improvement in the patient's neurological condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Ankylosing spondylitis ; Cauda equina syndrome ; Vertebral scalloping ; Dural ectasia ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three cases of cauda equina syndrome in long-standing ankylosing spondylitis are reported. In all, vertebral scalloping and dural ectasia were confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. MRI showed widening of the dural sac with signal intensity corresponding to cerebrospinal fluid. CT demonstrated asymmetrical lesions of the posterior elements of the lumbar spine. Myelography was not felt necessary to confirm the findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Intraspinal tumor ; Meningioma ; Schwannoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Magnetic resonance (MR) images of 29 consecutive patients with intraspinal neoplasms (9 intramedullary tumors, 20 extramedullary tumors) were reviewed to evaluated the utility of MR imaging in distinguishing the intraspinal compartmental localisation and signal characteristics of each lesion. Compartment and histology of all neoplasms were surgically proven. MR correctly assigned one of three compartments to all lesions, 9 intramedullary, 14 intradural extramedullary (6 schwannomas, 3 neurofibromas, 5 meningiomas), and 6 extradural (3 schwannomas, 1 meningioma, 1 cavernous hemangioma, 1 metastatic renal cell carcinoma). All intramedullary tumors showed swelling of the spinal cord itself. In all five extradural tumors a low intensity band was visualized between the spinal cord and tumor. On the other hand, a low intensity band was demonstrated in no cases with intradural tumors. Visualization of this low intensity band is important in differentiating extradural from intradural-extramedullary lesions. We call this low intensity band, “the extradural sign”. Signal intensity of intradural tumors varied with histology. In extramedullary tumors, signal intensity of schwannomas was similar to that of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) both on T1 weighted (inversion recovery) and T2 weighted spin echo (SE) images. On the other hand, meningiomas tended to be isointense to the spinal cord on both T1 and T2 weighted SE images. We found relatively reliable signal characteristics to discriminate meningioma from schwannoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Quantification ; Multiple sclerosis ; Treatment ; Evaluation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Magnetic resonance scans of 74 patients with multiple sclerosis participating in a controlled trial were compared 6 months before and at the end of a 24–32 months-treatment period with either Cyclosporin A (n=31) or Azathioprine (n=43). Both qualitative rating and computation of lesion volume showed deterioration in more than 40% of the patients, while by clinical criteria only 10–30% were worse. No significant difference was noted when the two treatment groups were compared. If careful repositioning and standardized image parameters are used, MRI is an indispensable tool for the objective determination of disease progression in MS although it cannot replace clinical examination.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 30 (1988), S. 399-407 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Sodium imaging ; Brain tumors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twelve patients with different diseases of the brain were examined with sodium and proton MRI at 1.5 Tesla and the results of both studies compared. Due to the 1500-fold lower concentration in the body, the decreased sensitivity and the shorter relaxation times of sodium compared with hydrogen a sequence with gradient reversal and a volume imaging method was applied to achieve a short echo time (4.5 ms). As a result of the mainly extracellular distribution of sodium the CSF spaces are depicted by their high signal intensity while the normal parenchyma is not visible. Changes induced by encephalitis, ischemic infarction and tumors can also be detected by their increased sodium content. Different tumors provided different signal intensities, not always permitting a distinction between tumor, surrounding edema and CSF. The diagnostic impact of these findings is discussed.
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Intracerebral haematoma ; Low field MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Results of MRI at 0.15T in twelve successive patients with intracerebral haematoma are reviewed. Using T2 weighted spin echo (SE) and partial saturation (PS without a refocussing 180° pulse) sequences, low intensity areas were seen in eleven of the twelve cases. These included central regions (three cases), a peripheral rim (seven cases) and more diffuse patterns involving the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres (two cases). One case initially displayed a peripheral rim and later a central low intensity region. Central low intensity regions were seen in acute, subacute, and chronic cases. Follow up in five cases displayed an increase in signal within the haematoma in three cases and a decrease in signal intensity in two cases. Low signal intensity areas can be seen within and around intracerebral haematomas imaged with T2 weighted sequences at low field strength.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 30 (1988), S. 385-389 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Alcohol ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Brain shrinking
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Magnetic resonance imaging of the intracranial CSF volume was compared before and after 5 weeks of confirmed abstinence in 9 alcohol-dependent patients. All patients showed a highly significant reduction in CSF volume in accordance with reexpansion of the brain after alcohol abstinence. T2 values for white matter, estimated by linear regression from 16 echoes of a CPGM sequence, however, showed no significant increase such as occurs in rehydration. This indicates, that alcohol-induced reversible brain atrophy cannot be attributed to fluctuation of free water in the brain only.
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1432-1971
    Keywords: Cor triatriatum ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Phase display
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Magnetic resonance imaging utilizing spin echo sequences was used to demonstrate cor triatriatum in an 18-year-old boy. Phase map images aided the diagnosis by demonstrating the presence of slowly flowing blood in the accessory atrial chamber. Magnetic resonance is an excellent modality for the noninvasive diagnosis of cor triatriatum.
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Acquired cystic kidney disease ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Ultrasonography ; Children ; Peritoneal dialysis ; Hemodialysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) occurs in adult patients undergoing long-term dialysis. Early detection is important because clinically significant hematuria and malignancies are associated with ACKD. We evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography (US) the incidence of ACKD in 15 patients aged 7.3–21.6 years (mean 15.9 years) with non-cystic primary renal disease. Nine patients had been treated with peritoneal dialysis only, and 6 with both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis for 24–73 months (mean 37 months). Three patients (20%) had no cysts. In 5 patients (33%) with bilateral multiple cysts, the diagnosis of ACKD was made by MRI and US. In another 5 patients, solitary cysts were localized to one kidney by MRI, and in 2 patients solitary cysts were seen in both kidneys. This study documents that ACKD is not limited to older patients with end-stage renal disease. Early detection of these cysts can be accomplished by MRI and is warranted since 1 patient developed neoplastic tubular changes which can precede tumor formation.
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Synchronous multicentric aggressive fibromatosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Synchronous multicentric aggressive fibromatosis does not appear to have been previously reported. Two such cases are described. The tumors were identified by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The incidence of synchronous multicentric aggressive fibromatosis is not known. It is anticipated that increased use of coronal MR imaging will reveal more tumors of this type, both synchronous and metachronous. In a patient with known or suspected aggressive fibromatosis, every other soft tissue nodule or mass in the same limb has to be regarded as an additional tumor of the same histology.
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  • 21
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Threedimensional, gradient-echo sequence ; Chondromalacia ; Knee joint ; FLASH ; FISP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Diagnosis of chondromalacia of the patellofemoral joint using three-dimensional gradient-echo sequences was investigated in 41 patients, with arthroscopic verification in 25 patients. In vitro examinations in human caderveric patellae were performed in order to determine optimal imaging parameters. FLASH (TR=40 ms, TE=10 ms, flip angle=30°) and FISP (TR=40 ms, TE=10 ms, flip angle=40°) were used in clinical studies. Advanced stages of chrondromalacia could be visualized with high sensitivity. The therapeutically relevant differentiation of major and minor degrees of chondromalacia seems to be possible. 30° FLASH-images in the axial plane proved to be the most efficacious technique for the diagnosis of chondromalacia.
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 17 (1988), S. 190-193 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Pyomyositis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pyomyositis is a relatively rare entity in temperate climates. Because of its rarity and its nonspecific clinical and radiographic findings, pyomyositis may be misdiagnosed and may cause severe morbidity and mortality. We present magnetic resonance imaging findings in two cases of pyomyositis. Magnetic resonance imaging was helpful in differentiating other pathological processes from pyomyositis, outlining the extent of involvement, and localizing the fluid collection.
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  • 23
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Gadolinium-DTPA ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Soft tissue tumor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a preliminary report of a clinical trial of gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA) for enhancement of soft tissue tumors in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), experience of the first five cases is presented. Enhancement was found to give better delineation of the tumor in richly vascularized parts of the tumors, compressed tissue immediately surrounding the tumor, and in atrophic, but richly vascularized, muscle.
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  • 24
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Tuberous sclerosis ; Echocardiography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Neonate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a neonate with tuberous sclerosis, cardiac tumours were diagnosed by two-dimensional echocardiography and evaluated by electrocardiogram-gated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The tumour size, shape and mobility in the ventricular cavities were more precisely determined by two-dimensional echocardiography than electrocardiogramgated MRI, while the extent of tumour mass at the apex was more clearly delineated by MRI. As two-dimensional echocardiography provides real-time imaging of cardiac anatomy without sedation, it is useful for initial evaluation of cardiac masses in neonates with genetic predisposition to tuberous sclerosis.
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  • 25
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; Neuropsychology ; Memory functions ; Dementia ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Progressive decline of anterograde memory functions has been increasingly recognized as a frequent symptom in chronic multiple sclerosis. In order to investigate the brain structures involved, magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 20 patients. Neuropsychological assessment included the WAIS and WMS subtests information, picture completion, similarities, digit span, logical memory, and paired associate learning. All patients with severely impaired memory functions (n=5) showed bilateral lesions in the medial temporal lobe, whereas in those patients with moderate (n=10) or no measurable impairment of memory testing (n=5) either no lesions were seen in the medial temporal lobes or these lesions were restricted to one side. A post hoc cluster analysis strikingly confirmed these results. The differences could not be related to the age of the patients, the disease duration, or the level of education. Extensive lesions in the white matter of the frontal lobes, thinning and lining of the corpus callosum, and bilateral involvement of the anterior cingulate gyrus had no bearing on the neuropsychological results. These findings indicate that bilateral demyelination in the hippocampal regions is the most likely explanation for the impairment of anterograde memory in such patients.
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  • 26
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; Interferon ; Cerebrospinal fluid ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A preliminary study is reported of clinical response and CSF/MRI findings in nine patients with multiple sclerosis receiving intravenous infusions of natural beta-interferon. The mean patient follow-up was for 1.2 years. Neither exacerbation rates nor CSF-IgG synthesis nor plaque formation as revealed by MRI showed a significant reduction during therapy. One patient developed a severe exacerbation of multiple sclerosis shortly after interferon infusion.
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 4 (1988), S. 149-153 
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Postrepair meningomyelocele ; Dysraphic myelodysplasia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The spinal cord in 56 children and adolescents was examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) many years after neonatal surgery on a meningomyelocele (average age 12 years). In a high percentage of cases, the diagnosis “tethered cord” was made. Associated anomalies were found with a frequency of 21%. Typical findings are presented and the impact of these results on therapy planning is discussed.
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  • 28
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Chronic patellar tendinitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chronic patellar tendinitis can be a frustrating diagnostic and therapeutic problem. This report evaluates seven tendons in five patients with chronic patellar tendinitis. The etiologies included “jumper's knee” and Osgood-Schlatter disease. In all cases magnetic resonance images (MRI) showed thickening of the tendon. Some of the tendons had focal areas of thickening which helped establish the etiology. All cases had intratendinous areas of increased signal which, in four cases, proved to be chronic tendon tears. MRI is useful in evaluating chronic patellar tendinitis because it establishes the diagnosis, detects associated chronic tears, and may help determine appropriate rehabilitation.
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  • 29
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Trauma ; Spine ; Cervicothoracic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract From 1984 to 1987 magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed on 100 patients suffering acute spinal trauma. MR demonstrated one or more injuries to the cervicothoracic region in 31 patients. It displayed a spectrum of spinal cord injury ranging from mild compression and swelling to complete transection. MR was also useful in evaluating alignment at the cervicothoracic junction, in depicting ligamentous injury, in establishing the presence of disc herniation, and in identifying unsuspected levels of injury. We present a diagnostic algorithm that incorporates the role of MR in evaluating acute cervicothoracic spinal trauma and emphasizes the replacement of myelography by MR in the initial assessment of neurologic deficit.
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 237 (1988), S. 139-143 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Cyanide poisoning ; Basal ganglia ; Computerized tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 29-year-old chemistry student took 50 ml of a 1% potassium cyanide solution (500 mg) in an attempted suicide. He became comatose, mydriatic, and was admitted to hospital in an apneic state. He woke up after 7 h and developed Parkinsonism in the following weeks. This regressed slowly during the 2 months after the poisoning apart from dysarthria, bradykinesia of the upper limbs, and very brisk monosynaptic reflexes. At 3 weeks after the intoxication, computerized tomography was largely normal, and there was CSF-dense hypodensity in both putamina after 5 months. Sharply delimited signal elevation in T2 corresponding to the two putamina was detected by magnetic resonance imaging 8 weeks and 5 months after ingestion of the poison.
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Journal of neurology 235 (1988), S. 379-381 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Central pontine myelinolysis ; Cerebellar ataxia ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Development of severe ataxia and mild pyramidal signs without mental deterioration, tetraparesis or pseudobulbar palsy during recovery from withdrawal delirium and initial hyponatraemia are unusual clinical features consistent with central pontine myelinolysis. This diagnosis was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in an alcoholic man. Clinical and electrodiagnostic improvement occurred, whereas the MRI findings remained unchanged in a follow-up study.
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  • 32
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Lymphomatoid granulomatosis ; Spinal cord syndrome ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Histopathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An unusual mode of presentation of lymphomatoid granulomatosis is reported. A 19-year-old man developed spinal cord symptoms, and magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal cord disclosed a compatible lesion. Despite medical therapy the outcome was fatal.
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  • 33
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Mycoplasma pneumoniae ; Encephalomyelitis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two patients are reported with Mycoplasma pneumoniae-related cervical myelitis. Magnetic resonance imaging in each case demonstrated clinically silent lesions suggesting more extensive neurological involvement. This supports the concept of widespread immunologically mediated disease occurring as a remote effect of initial M. pneumoniae respiratory infection. Differences from the MRI appearances of a patient with mycoplasma-related Guillian-Barré syndrome imply that more than one antigenic determinant is involved.
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  • 34
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Evoked potentials ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Somatosensory evoked potentials ; Brain-stem auditory evoked potentials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary There is still a need to prove that even static magnetic fields up to 1.5 T used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are biologically safe and harmless for humans. Recordings of median and ulnar nerves and brain-stem auditory evoked potentials in 20 patients were completed prior to and after MRI investigation of the central nervous system. Neither the somatosensory nor the auditory evoked potentials exhibited any significant change of latencies, interpeak latencies or amplitudes. Since these electrophysiological parameters are highly dependent on the quality of nerve conduction and integrity of information processing in various nuclei, it may be assumed that MRI causes no lasting changes in either respect.
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  • 35
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    Journal of neurology 235 (1988), S. 193-206 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Comparative studies ; Central nervous system ; Brain diseases ; Spine diseases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of diseases of the central nervous system is reviewed. MRI, computed tomography (CT) and certain radionuclide studies are compared in the evaluation of intracranial tumours, cerebral vascular disease, multiple sclerosis and other white matter diseases, dementia, head injury, infection, epilepsy, spinal lesions and in paediatric central nervous system disorders. The measurement of cerebrospinal fluid volumes and dynamics by MRI is discussed. MRI most clearly has advantages where CT is degraded by bone hardening and streak artefacts (spine, skull base, posterior and temporal fossa, sella and parasellar regions) and in diseases in which the X-ray attenuation of the suspected lesion differs little from normal parenchyma (paediatric brain disorders, demyelination and dysmyelination, early oedema associated with infarction, infection or low-grade infiltrating neoplasm, subacute and chronic haemorrhage and lesions in the spinal subarachnoid space and cord). Elsewhere MRI and CT should be seen as complementary rather than competitive methods of imaging. In spite of an absence of information about the contribution of MRI to management decisions and a lack of rigorous, prospective controlled trials, MRI will play an increasing role in the diagnosis of diseases of the central nervous system.
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  • 36
    ISSN: 1613-9674
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography ; Maxillo-facial region
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were obtained in 49 cases of various diseases in the maxillo-facial region and the results compared with X-ray computed tomography (CT). Bot MRI and CT scans were performed in 44 cases. In 31 cases (70%), MRI provided similar or superior information to that of CT in the evaluation of various diseases. In 10 cases, MRI was superior to CT in defining the images of diseases, 7 cases of these were carcinomas. CT was superior to MRI in 5 cases, especially in demonstrating calcifications and bony changes. Artifacts caused by prosthetic metals and patient motion disturbed MR images. Our experience with MRI lead us the conclusion that it holds great potential and that it already had some advantages over CT in the maxillo-facial region.
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  • 37
    ISSN: 1613-9674
    Keywords: Joints ; Temporomandibular joints ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Gradient-field-echo technique was employed to evaluate the movement of the temporomandibular joint meniscus and the related structures combined with the opening of the mouth for asymptomatic TM joints in the use of a 0.5 T super-conductive MR system. The examination for the mouth opening phase took less than one minute. The movement of the meniscus was clearly presented especially by using a cine-mode display. The signal intensity in the retro-meniscus and the lateral pterygoid muscle was increased by the opening. These findings indicate that the MR dynamic imaging may be promising in diagnosing not only the shape of the meniscus but also the function of the TM joint.
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  • 38
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    European journal of nuclear medicine 13 (1988), S. 653-660 
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Cardiac imaging ; Cardiac function ; Fast NMR imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract NMR imaging is a noninvasive technique that has been shown to provide high-quality images of the heart. Due to the signal characteristics of flowing blood, inherent contrast between blood pool and myocardium is achieved without the use of contrast media. This paper briefly describes technical aspects of NMR imaging of the heart, normal cardiovascular anatomy, applications of the technique in patients with ischemic heart disease, and the potential of NMR imaging for functional studies in various forms of heart disease.
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  • 39
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 585-585 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 40
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 37-46 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conformational preferences of model modified nucleic acid base N6-(N-alanylcarbonyl) adenine, ac6Ade, have been investigated using the quantum chemical PCILO (perturbative configuration interaction using localized orbitals) method. The multidimensional conformational space has been searched using selected grid points formed by combining the various torsion angles that take favored values derived from energy variation with respect to each torsion angle individually.The preferred molecular structure is stabilized by an intramolecular hydrogen bond from N(11)H of the amino acid to N(1) of the adenine. The observed crystal structure conformations for the naturally occurring, anticodon adjacent, threonyl analogs, tc6Ade, correspond to the predicted most stable conformation for the model modified base ac6Ade. Three stable, low energy conformations differing in the orientations of the carboxyl group and the amino acid side chain are predicted within 1 kcal/mol of the most stable structure. The possible bifurcated hydrogen bonding of N(11)H with N(1) and either of the carboxyl oxygens is of minor significance.The indicated orientational flexibility for the carboxyl group and the amino acid side chain may enable convenient probing of the molecular environment, in the vicinity of the anticodon in tRNA, by the amino acid substituent, with only modest changes in energy stabilization.
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  • 41
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 89-90 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 42
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 107-119 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: By using the n + (1/2)l filling rule of the atomic Aufbau principle, where n is the principal quantum number and l is the azimuthal quantum number, a new periodic table is presented, its periods having, in order, 8, 18, 18, 32, 42, 50, … elements. The mentioned rule is proposed instead of the n + l rule (or Madelung's rule) which constitutes the quantum mechanical basis of the current periodic table and predicts periods having, in order, 2, 8, 8, 18, 18, 32, 32, 50, … elements. The new periodic table is called “regular” because its groups are formed according to a single rule (namely, the first elements of each period are placed in the same order as the elements of the preceding period), in contrast with the current periodic table, where no simple rule can be applied for the same purpose. The most characteristic feature of the regular periodic table is the fact that its groups are also related in a periodic manner.
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  • 43
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 185-190 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A rigorous approach to the study of the quality of theoretical descriptions of atoms and molecules is proposed. Theoretical descriptions, i.e., collections of atomic or molecular properties obtained via quantum chemical methods, are associated with information quantities defined with respect to reference theoretical or experimental data. In this way the comparison of two theoretical descriptions is reduced to the comparison of the respective information quantities. An increase in information is interpreted as improvement of the theoretical description. The aforementioned approach should be useful in problems related to classifications and systematic improvements of approximate wave functions and consequently for comparing the performance of quantum chemical methods in calculations of atomic and molecular properties. This approach should also constitute a powerful tool for the construction of suitable basis sets for use in calculations of atomic and molecular properties.
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  • 44
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 195-197 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 45
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 497-527 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A Fifth-order constant denominator perturbation treatment of all single and double excitations occuring in the third-order perturbation wave function is presented for the perturbation configuration interaction using localized orbitals (PCILO) method. Contributions from triple and quadruple excitations which decay back to singles and doubles at third order are automatically included in this theory. This method is computationally very fast, with an execution speed proportional to N3, Where N is the number of orbitals present. A [2,1] Padé approximate involving only singles and doubles contributions through to fifth order is shown to be remarkably accurate.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 46
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 563-566 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Owing to an error in his determination of the repulsion integral and the kinetic energy. Hall's results [1] for the ground state of atomic two-electron systems are wrong. Here these results have been corrected. For Z ≤ 5, the results have been obtained by determining the pertinent integrals numerically: but for Z ≥ 5, these can be found sufficiently accurately from Z expansions.
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  • 47
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 567-576 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In a dissociation attachment experiment of water, three peaks were observed at 7,9, and 12 eV. The origin of the third peak has been believed to be 2B2. However, the calculated energy of this state is 0.6 eV higher than the experimental value. This discrepancy is quite large compared with the case of the lower two peaks. In this study we propose new candidates for resonant states responsible for the third peak. The configurations considered are (3a1)-1(3pa1)2, (3a1)-1(3pb1)2, (3a1)-1(3pb2)2, (3a1)-1(3pa1)1(3pb1)1, (3a1)-1(3pb2)1(3pa1)1, and (3a1)-1(3pb2)1(3pb1)1 which have the parent state (3a1)-1(3pa1)1, (3a1)-1(3pb1)1, or (3a1)-1(3pb2)1. The energy levels arising from these configurations are calculated by a method of configuration interaction. A Few resonance states, which could be responsible for the third peak, are found. New decay process of these states are proposed.
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  • 48
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 9-14 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: By means of the SPG function which is associated with an extreme point of the set of N-representable second-order reduced density matrices, an attempt is made to perform the calculations of the ground states of some atoms with four electrons such as Be. The results show that the SPG function is as suitable as the well-known AGP function for approximating the ground states of atoms and molecules.
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  • 49
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 15-23 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this paper, an SPG function, which is associated with an extreme point of the set of N-representable second-order reduced density matrices, is used to perform the calculation of the ground state energy of LiH with the variation of internuclear separation. The result of our calculation essentially is in accordance with that of AGP function.
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  • 50
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new MO-LCAO description of the nephelauxetic effect is proposed based on the concept of the topological atom and on the method of reduced density matrices. This approach allows one to overcome some conceptual difficulties of ligand-field theory and to derive effective parameters of d-d electron repulsion of a bound transition-metal in a proper way. The two ligand-field mechanisms of the nephelauxetic effect - the central field covalency and the symmetry-restricted covalency - are clarified and generalized. In addition, a new factor, important for the nephelauxetic effect is found: its size-dependence on the region of the topological atom.
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  • 51
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 47-71 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A Hartree-Fock (HF) self-consistent field (SCF) crystal orbital (CO) formalism for two- and three-dimensional (2D/3D) solids on the basis of semiempirical CNDO/INDO (complete neglect of differential overlap; intermediate neglect of differential overlap) Hamiltonians is presented. The employed SCF variants allow for the treatment of atomic species up to bromine under the inclusion of the first (i.e., 3d) transition metal series. Band structure investigations of 2D and 3D materials containing more than 30 atoms per unit cell are feasible by the present SCF HF CO formalism. The theoretical background of the computational scheme is given in this contribution. Special emphasis is placed on physically reliable truncation criteria for the lattice sums, the adaptation of the crystal symmetry in k space, as well as the suitable choice of domains in Brillouin zone (BZ) integrations required in the determination of charge-density matrices. The capability and limitations of the semiempirical SCF HF CO approach is demonstrated for some simpler solids by comparing the present computational results with those of ab initio CO schemes as well as conventional numerical methods in soid-state theory. The employed model solids are graphite and BN (2D and 3D networks for both solids) as well as diamond, silicon, germanium, and TiS2.
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  • 52
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 1-22 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quantum mechanical models to treat long distance electron transfer are being developed. The model is based on the theory of R.A. Marcus. Our contribution is in the calculation of the electron coupling factor k. Estimations of the latter number, as well as the bond and solvent relaxation energies, λi and λo, respectively, are necessary to be able to calculate the rate constant for a reaction of the conductivity in an electric field. k may be approximately calculated from orbital energy differences at avoided crossings between orbitals localized in different parts of the system. A novel spectroscopic NDO method is suggested in which one may include any atom of the periodic table. Another problem discussed is the inclusion of electronic relaxation effects of the solvent or protein in the calculation. Applications are made to systems where metal ions are connected by organic bridges of different kinds such as dipyridine with coplanar and perpendicular pyridyl groups. As expected the electronic factor depends strongly on the conformation of the bridge. A strong conformational dependence is also obtained for a saturated bridge of the type NH2 · (CH2)n · NH2. In another study we use an α helix as a bridge between two metal ions. If one glycine in this α-helix is substituted by phenylalanine the electronic factor increases by factors of 1.5-10. It is suggested, however, that larger enhancement factors are possible if an aromatic group is positioned in a favorable way. The CNDO/S method is used to study the charge separation process in a bichromophoric molecule and in the reaction center (RC) of Rhodopseudomonas viridis. In those cases where the electronic coupling is large enough for the charge transfer states to be seen in the spectrum, the calculated results agree well with the experimental ones, but suggest a novel assignment. The CNDO/S results verify that electron transfer is possible through saturated spacers. In the special pair of RC the S1 state is calculated at approximately the correct position. Like the ground state, it has a delocalized character.
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  • 53
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 67-84 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A class of thromboxane antagonists exists where the prostaglandin side chain containing the C16 hydroxyl moiety is replaced by a phenyl ring, and the bridged six-membered pyranose moiety by cyclohexane, pyranose and dioxane ring systems. Analysis of antagonist potency data in terms of a binding constant model previously used for membrane bound receptor-drug interactions shows that the major patterns of antagonist potency are governed as much by axial/equatorial conformer preference of the phenyl moiety and its orientation as by electrostatic effects of the aliphatic ring oxygen atoms. The conformational restriction of the two substituted side chains of the σ-bonded 6-membered ring is shown to be a primary requirement for binding to thromboxane receptors, and a quantitative separation of electrostatic and conformational components in the potency data is attempted.
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  • 54
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 119-135 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio calculations have been performed to investigate hydrogen bonding and ion-molecule association in complexes of H2O with the neutral, protonated, and Li+ complexes of N-formylformaldehyde and N-formylformamidine. In the complexes with the neutral bases, H2O assumes an in-plane bridging position in the amide and amidine regions. The most stable complex is the bridging N-formylformamidine-H2O complex in the amidine region, which has an MP2/6-31 + G(d,p) binding energy of -9 kcal/mol. Hydrogen bonded complexes of H2O with the oxygen-protonated bases have open structures with the protonated bases as proton donors, and binding energies ranging from -16 to -24 kcal/mol. Nitrogen protonation of N-formylformamidine leads to an equilibrium chelated hydrogen bonded structure with a stabilization energy of -21 kcal/mol. When Li+ associates with these bases at a carbonyl oxygen, hydrogen-bonded bridging structures with H2O reappear, and wobble complexes exist in the amide and amidine regions of N-formylformaldehyde and N-formylformamidine. These complexes have binding energies of -13 to -14 kcal/mol. However, the most stable comples has H2O directly bonded to Li+, with an MP2 binding energy of -30 kcal/mol. No hydrogen bonded structures of H2O with N-formylformamidine exist in the amide region when Li+ associates with this base at the C=N group. Hydrogen bond energies computed at the single-determinant Hartree-Fock level with the 6-31G(d) basis set approximate correlated MP2/6-31 + G(d, p) energies to within 1 kcal/mol for all of the neutral and charged complexes. However, when H2O is bonded to Li+, HF6-31G(d) association energies overestimate MP2/6-31 + G(d, p) energies by 3 kcal/mol.
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  • 55
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 1-13 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Whereas localization of orbitals has long been a tool for a semiclassical interpretation of chemical properties, it is in fact electron delocalization that is a fundamental property of quantum mechanical molecules. A mathematically well-defined measure is suggested for the degree of delocalization of molecular orbitals. It is shown that an orbital set of maximum delocalization exists for which the degree of delocalization depends on the charge distribution of the molecule. Hartree-Fock canonical orbitals are definitely more localized than the most uniformaly distributed MO's giving an equivalent description of the molecule. The changes in the geometrical shape of molecular orbitals are studied passing (quasi-) continuously from the strongly localized description towards the most delocalized picture. In the case of charge-inhomogeneities even the most delocalized orbitals remain rather compact. The degree of maximum delocalization may be correlated with chemical properties such as reactivity. The shape distortion of MO's under the perturbing effect of other ions and small molecules is investigated in several examples.
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  • 56
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 43-49 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The density matrix was computed from the density using basis orbitals which form linearly independent products (LIP). Calculations were performed on the Be atom using LIP bases containing several of the natural spin orbitals from an accurate nonrelativistic 650-term configuration interaction (CI) wavefunction. Calculations were also performed using a basis set of 6 s-type orbitals optimized so that the lowest eigenvalue, d1, of the overlap matrix of products is maximized and the energy of a small CI wavefunction is minimized. The value of d1 in the optimized basis is 1 × 10-7. The density and the potential energy obtained from the 650-term CI wavefunction were accurately reproduced by the density matrix expressed in the optimized LIP basis, but the kinetic energy was somewhat less accurate.
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  • 57
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 77-84 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The need to perform a numerical integration of the exchange-correlation functional because of its non-analyticity severely complicates the accurate application of local-density functional methods to molecules and clusters. The optimal choice of grid points for this integration and the estimation of the error made by the choice are subtle considerations. In particular, because the position and/or weighting of each grid point must change when the nuclear positions change, these errors are most noticeable when different geometries are compared. We have determined a method of grid point selection and weighting that reduces these errors. We have also determined a simple method of estimating the extent of the error made in the particular density of points used for the grid. These results are illustrated for a selection of small molecules.
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  • 58
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 143-147 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: All bicyclo[p.q.0] conjugated hydrocarbons are found to fall into ten homolog classes each characterized by the numbers of nonbonding, bonding, and antibonding molecular-orbitals of its first prototype and by the prototype itself. The energy level patterns are obtained by the new “structural covariance” pictorial rules directly from structural formulas. The HOMO-LUMO types, aromaticity or three types of nonaromatic behavior, and reactivities towards nucleophiles or electrophiles thereby also result.
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  • 59
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 173-181 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Results are presented from Hartree-Fock-Slater (HFS) calculations on harmonic frequencies and force constants of H2O, H2S, NH3, PH3, CH4, SiH4, and C2H4. Both frequencies and force constants were calculated by a numerical (finite difference) differentiation of analytical energy gradients. It is shown by a comparison with experimental data and results from ab initio Hartree-Fock (HF) calculations that the HFS-method provides harmonic frequencies and force constants in at least as good agreement with experiment as the HF-scheme.
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  • 60
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The COLUMBUS program system is a collection of Fortran programs for performing general multireference single- and double-excitation configuration interaction (MRSDCI) wave function optimization based on the graphical unitary group approach. The program system also includes integral generation, SCF and MCSCF orbital optimization, integral transformation, and wave function analysis programs. The original program system was written in 1980 to 1981. Since that time, it has evolved into one of the most popular MRSDCI program systems used in the computational chemistry community. The discussion of this evolution will include the exploitation of efficient matrix-matrix and matrix-vector product computational kernels, the use of generally contracted symmetry-adapted orbital basis sets, general Hamiltonian diagonalization procedures, energy-based internal walk selection, flexible DRT specification, improved coupling-coefficient evaluation methods, coupled-pair functional and multireference CPF capabilities, and density matrix construction. The numerous versions of the program system that are maintained at different sites and on different computers are now in the process of being merged. The source code for this combined version will be made available to the computational chemistry community. The source code for a specific computer may be generated from the source code for another computer by a single pass through a simple filter utility that is included with the program system. The directly supported computers will initially include various models of VAX, Cray, FPS, IBM, CDC, and ETA machines with the addition of other machines shortly thereafter. The ongoing developments of the COLUMBUS system that are discussed include a new method for computing analytic energy gradients for MRSDCI wave functions. This effective-density-matrix based method avoids the “coupled perturbed MCSCF” solutions for each coordinate direction, avoids the transformation of any derivative-integral quantities from the AO to the MO basis, avoids the transformation of the coupling coefficients from the MO to the AO basis, allows a subset of the MCSCF doubly occupied orbitals to be frozen in the CI wave function, and allows the MRSDCI wave function to be generated from general reference CSFs that are not necessarily related to the MCSCF expansion CSFs.
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  • 61
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 231-236 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The geometry of Mn5 in rare gas matrices has been proposed to be a planar pentagon with 25 unpaired electrons. Simple unrestricted Hartree-Fock (UHF) calculations have been carried out using a basis of STO-6G for 1s, 2s, and 2p orbitals with STO-4G for 3s, 3p, 3d, 4s, and 4p in the HONDO5 program. The structure is optimized at the UHF level using the analytic gradient formalism for a planar pentagon. Binding energies and spinmixing are given for the optimized structure.
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  • 62
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 349-366 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The semiempirical Atoms-in-a-Molecule (AIM) hardness matrix, η, is defined, using the usual finite difference formula, ηii = Ii - Ai, for the diagonal AIM hardness and the Ohno formula, ηij = 1/(a2 + R2ij)1/2, for the off-diagonal AIM hardness. The Ohno formula is shown to exhibit the correct asymptotic behavior and satisfies the relevant stability criterion. The normal displacements in the AIM electron populations are examined for pyrrole and N-methyl pyrrole, and their relation to the polarization channels is briefly discussed. The new AIM hardness matrix is also tested by comparing the predicted global hardnesses with the corresponding experimental finite difference data for selected diatomics and triatomics. Finally implications of the hardness combination rules are examined and the corresponding softness combination rules are used to calculate the regional and global softnesses of selected molecules. We examine how the regional softnesses reflect known trends in selectivity of protonation of five membered heterocycles, and comment on the signs of the AIM fukui function and the Hard-Soft-Acids-and-Bases principle.
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  • 63
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 425-430 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A Breit-Pauli type Hamiltonian with an effective positive term in substitution of the Darwin term is proposed for variational calculations. The Hamiltonian is bounded from below and does not exhibit variational collapse. Calculations on one electron atoms for the ground state, 2pl/2 and 2p3/2 states are presented. The results essentially coincide with those obtained from first order perturbation theory.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 64
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 297-308 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The application of molecular ab initio methods to investigate the electronic structure of localized impurities in semiconductors requires the study of the convergence of the results with increasing cluster size. Here we compare results for interstitial Ti in silicon, obtained with clusters of increasing size: TiSi10H16, TiSi30H40, and TiSi66H64. These clusters contain one, two, or three shells of silicon atoms, respectively, centered around Ti at a Td interstitial site. The hydrogen atoms serve as saturators of the dangling bonds. The Si core electrons are replaced by an effective potential. The calculations are based on open shell RHF theory and limited CI extensions. The charge distribution in the central part of the three clusters is very similar. In the clusters the partially occupied orbitals are much more delocalized than the 3d orbitals in the free ions. The total impurity-induced electronic charge, however, is quite localized, due to the compensating response of the Si closed shell density. Ionization of the impurity also causes a compensating response of the Si closed shells: only about 10% of the density difference is in the impurity region and the major part is behind the outermost shell of Si atoms. Transition metal associated (3d-like) excitation energies are not very dependent on the cluster size, and the relative ordering of the lowest lying states remains unchanged. Impurity associated ionization energies decrease considerably due to the extra relaxation offered by the additional shells of Si atoms. Our results indicate that a reliable description of interstitial transition metals in silicon can be provided by calculations on reasonably small clusters: Si30H40 is sufficiently large.
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  • 65
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 343-347 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The titled isomerization has been studied at the HF/3-21G level. The changes in thermodynamic functions, equilibrium constant K(T), conversion efficiency C(T), and the rate constant k(T) for the isomerization have been calculated using our energies of the reactant (R), transition state (TS), and product (P), their harmonic vibrational frequencies, and the classical and corrected barrier (by vibrational zero-point energies). In the range of temperature, 300-1200K, ΔH 〈 0, ΔS 〉 0 and ΔG 〈 0; i.e., it is exothermic, increasing in the entropy, and spontaneous reaction. ΔS≠ 〈 0, log A is about 12.0 ±0.15 (s-1), but the k(T) is from 2.627 × 10(-33) to 6.933 × 10(8) (5-1); i.e., it passes through a tight TS, the A factor changes little, but the rate constant varies rapidly with the temperature. These results agree with the fact that the isomerization occurs readily at high temperature. Furthermore, Newman's mechanism, 2SiH2 → (H2SiSiH2)* → (HSiSiH3)* → Si2H2 + H2, is supported. Similarly, the isomerization, HDSiSiH2 → HSiSiDH2, is also studied.
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  • 66
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 437-444 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A generalization of the Fourier convolution theorem is used to iterate the many-particle Schrödinger equation in momentum space. The method is applied using hyperspherical coordinates, with many-dimensional hydrogenlike wave functions as the starting point for iteration. The problem of angular integration is converted into a problem of differentiation by means of the theory of harmonic polynomials.
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  • 67
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 465-476 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A complete active space MCSCF (multi-configuration self-consistent field) scheme (CASSCF) using relativistic effective potentials followed by configuration interaction and relativistic CI calculations provides a very good description of the electronic states and potential energy surfaces of transition metal dihydrides. Such calculations are of considerable value not only in our understanding of the transition metal-hydrogen bonding but also in the prediction of the barrier to insert the metal atom into the H2 bond. All-electron CASSCF/CI calculations are carried out on twelve electronic states of CoH2. Comparable RECP-CASSCF/CI calculations are also carried out to show that the RECP-CASSCF/CI calculations provide an accurate method for the investigation of transition metal compounds. The general method of RECP-CASSCF/CI calculations for molecules containing heavy atoms is described. The calculations on CoH2 are compared with similar calculations on ScH2, YH2, PtH2, and PdH2. A critical comparison of all these transition metal hydrides reveals that in general the low-spin excited metal atom inserts into H2 spontaneously while the high spin ground state atom has to surmount a large barrier.
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  • 68
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 503-505 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two mapping operators are used to relate the eigenstates of two distorted and displaced oscillators. It is found that these operators satisfy a nonabelian two-dimensional algebra. We exemplify the method by calculating the Franck-Condon integral for the case of two harmonic oscillator wells.
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  • 69
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 557-566 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The problems involved in determining the mechanisms of reactions by quantum mechanical calculations are discussed. Various precautions must be taken if the results of any calculation are to be chemically meaningful. Ab initio studies of reactions must also be carried out at a high level, using large basis sets and allowing for electron correlation. Such calculations are usually restricted to the simplest example of a reaction, which is often untypical. More information can usually be obtained at far less cost through AM1 calculations for a number of examples of a reaction for which experimental data are available. These points are illustrated by recent studies of the Cope rearrangement.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 537-548 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The aim of this article is to illustrate the use of symbolic computation in solving some problems in quantum theory. Emphasis will be given to the possibility of manipulating expressions symbolically and to the interface of numerical and algebraic languages. The illustrate the use of the scientific computation language Maple as a research tool, we present our work on lower energy bounds for anharmonic oscillators and on the spherical Zeeman effect. Another example consists in the perturbation calculations of the N-dimensional hydrogen atom, keeping the quantum labels in general form. Further, we describe the interface of Maple, Fortran, and the typesetting language, Troff. The basic feature is illustrated on the application of the inner projection technique and of the method of intermediate Hamiltonians on the benzene molecule as well as on the geminal approach to the butadiene molecule; the main calculations were first done in Maple and then transferred into Fortran's notation so that Fortran subroutines could be used. Finally, the results either in Maple or in Fortran can be transferred to a Troff file.
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  • 71
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 567-573 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The potential energy curve describing the fragmentation of a diatomic dication AB2+ is considered as arising from an avoided crossing between an attractive diabatic curve (correlating with A2+ + B) and a repulsive diabatic curve (correlating with A+ + B+). The simplest avoided-crossing (AC) model neglects diabatic coupling and polarization and leads to useful predictions of the transition structure bond length (rTS) and the kinetic energy released (T) in fragmentations of dicationic systems in which the difference (Δ1) between the ionization energies of A+ and B is small. When Δ1 is not small, it is necessary to include diabatic coupling and polarization in the treatment. The resultant ACDCP (avoided crossing with diabatic coupling and polarization) model provides very satisfactory estimates of rTS and T for both small and large Δ1. Its implementation requires only atomic ionization energy and polarizability data and comes at virtually no computational cost. Both the AC and ACDCP models are readily generalized to fragmentations of more highly charged cations.
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  • 72
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 655-664 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of electron-electron repulsions is assessed, primarily in the expanded fluid alkali metals, by confronting experimental data on these systems with the predictions of theory. This is usefully divided into two types of approach: (i)full inclusion of the long-range Coulomb interaction e2/rij between electrons i and j, but perturbative treatment of electron-ion interaction and(ii)the simplified on-site interaction described by the Hubbard U.The main conclusion is that both electron-ion and electron-electron correlations are of major importance in the expanded fluid alkali metals, and especially in Cs. The momentum distribution of the conduction electrons is changed in a very important quantitative way from the predictions of the jellium model at the same density by the electron-ion interaction. This leads to a metal-insulator transition at a much higher electron density than the jellium prediction. The relevance of this conclusion to crystalline alkalis is finally referred to.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 697-705 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Complete geometry optimizations have been carried out with the AM1 method on flavone acetic acid and several of its derivatives. Molecular electrostatic potential maps have been used to predict new com.
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  • 74
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 741-741 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 75
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988) 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 76
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 25-36 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Classical valence bond theory is recast in a spin-free form which provides a practicable route to ab initio calculations of molecular electronic structure. The approach is simple and direct and requires only efficient algorithms for the generation and processing of permutations and the handling of Rumer diagrams: it makes modest demands on computing power and pilot calculations have indeed been performed entirely within the fast memory of a personal computer, which should be sufficient for dealing with systems possessing up to 10 electrons outside a closed shell. Simple applications confirm the conclusion of Cooper et al. [1] that, by using strongly overlapping orbitals, a small number of classical (nonpolar) structures can give results close to those obtained in a “full CI” calculation.
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A set of 20 nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, whose mutagenicity has been determined in the Ames test, has been studied using octanol-water partition coefficients (P) as a measure of relative hydrophobicity and molecular orbital energies to account for variation in their electronic characteristics. A good structure-activity relationship was found using log P and ∊LUMO. The latter were taken from the results of ab initio calculations performed by Maynard, Pedersen, Posner, and McKinney [7] and were also calculated by the MNDO method. The dependence of mutagenicity on hydrophobicity was found to be similar to that observed for triazenes [2]. ∊LUMO values calculated by MNDO and STO-3G were found to be strongly correlated, and the role of hydrophobicity in correlating mutagenicity was not significantly affected by the molecular orbital model employed.
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  • 78
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 517-526 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A characterization of molecular model surfaces is proposed. It is based on a graph associated with the van der Waals surface, defined by the detailed information on the interpenetration of van der Waals spheres of the constituent atoms. This “van der Waals graph” describes the three-dimensional body of the molecule, and it does not coincide in general with the less informative bond graph obtainable from the molecular skeleton.The description in terms of the graph reveals clearly the changes in molecular shape induced by conformational rearrangements. The nuclear configurations can be classified by the graph associated with the molecular surface, and the graph-theoretical analysis provides a rigorous partitioning of the configurational space based on shape properties.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 571-594 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A systematic collection of spatial domains for reciprocal space integrations is derived for all possible crystal symmetries. This set can be used as a simpler alternative to the conventional Brillouin zones. The analysis is restricted to integrations where the function in the integrand satisfies inversion symmetry in k space. In this case only 24 different spatial domains have to be defined in order to allow for k space integrations in the 230 different crystal symmetries. A graphic representation of the asymmetric unit for each of the 24 integration domains is given. Special positions and the associated weighting factors required for numerical integrations in theoretical solid-state approaches are tabulated.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 221-234 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Application of free-energy simulation methods to the calculation of thermodynamic properties for biologically relevant processes will be presented. Attention will be given to the usefulness of thermodynamic methods to explore the accuracy of empirical energy functions. Calculations of aqueous hydration and binding thermodynamics for drug molecules (trimethoprim and other related compounds) to biological targets (the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase) will be presented. In these applications we will discuss differences in “binding modes” for different drugs and the ability of thermodynamic methods to predict these changes. Finally, comments will be made regarding the free energy derivative methods and coordinate-coupled free energy calculations.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 267-285 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this paper we have addressed an important problem: how to develop a strategy for identification of the topological indices which are most important in establishing a model for structure-activity analysis. In particular we consider a rational selection of graph theoretical (topological) indices in QSAR. The approach is illustrated by the study of the toxicity of ethers on mice. The indices examined include the connectivity indices based on adjacency matrix, the conceptually related graph distance indices, and an information theoretic index based on partitioning of electrons in various domains. We have outlined the similarities and differences and discuss advantages and limitations among different approaches. Our emphasis is on the problem how to select in a rational way appropriate graph-theoretical descriptors and how to introduce higher “corrections” in order to improve derived correlation.
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  • 82
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 1-17 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Vibrational frequencies and IR band intensities for 18 isotopomers of uracil, including deuterated 15N and 18O species, have been calculated using the scaled ab initio force field of Ref. 1. The results obtained are compared with available experimental data, and a number of refinements in former assignments are proposed. The good agreement between the calculated and experimental frequencies confirms the reliability of the scaled quantum mechanical-force field.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 69-76 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Phenyl acetylene complexes with HF, H2O, and NH3 are investigated with ab initio molecular orbital calculations using the 6-31G Gaussian basis set. HF is found to form a π complex, whereas H2O and NH3 form σ complexes. Observations of experimental spectroscopic shifts are rationalized.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 169-169 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 85
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 86
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 87
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 41-52 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction field (RF) model of solvent effects, implemented within the SCF-CNDO/2 scheme of calculation, has been applied to analyze the proton transfer in the NH3…HCOOH system in the presence of several polarizable media. The aim of such a study was to characterize the tatutomeric equilibrium between the neutral and zwiterionic forms of H-bonded amino acids in aprotic solvents. Qualitative results concerning the energetics of this equilbrium show the stabilization of two different H-bonded complexes, corresponding to two separate minima in the free energy surface. These well known double minima potentials are found to be dependent on both the intermolecular N—O distance and the strength of the reaction field. The behavior of this model is qualitatively consistent with experimental observations of nitrogen-substituted amino acids in solution: both show, for low values of the dielectric constant, tautomeric equilibria where the H-bonded complexes appear to be more stable than the corresponding monomeric forms. The charge transfer process associated with the proton migration along the H-bond is also discussed. It is found that the amount of charge transferred increases with the N—O distance and with the RF strength, In order to test the general approach and compare it with previous work, calculations on the real monomeric systems glycine, β-alanine, and γ-amino butyric acid was also performed.
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  • 88
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 77-85 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Analytical intermolecular potentials for the Fe+-H2O and Feo-H2O systems have been determined from ab initio calculations. Interaction energies for a lot of points along the two potential energy surfaces were calculated using Huzinga's MINI-2 basis set. The results obtained were fitted to an analytical function containing 11 adjustable parameters that we have already used with success for the Fe2+-H2O system. The goodness of the generated intermolecular potentials is discussed.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 159-167 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The quasirelativistic CNDO/1 method has been in investigating the geometry, electronic structure, and redox stability of metal complexes. The systems of [Co(NH3)6]q and [MCl4]q, M being Ni, Pd, and Pt, have been studied. A modified Germer model of solvation has been implemented into the method. This yields reliable results on the redox stability of complexes in aqueous solutions. The calculated excitation energies resemble the electronic spectra of [MCl4]2- complexes.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 90
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 173-175 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The energy of an infinite, homogeneous electron gas is examined by second order perturbation theory using a Hartee-Fock rather than a noninteracting particle unperturbed state. The second order energy still diverges for small promotions k, albert than as ln|ln k| rather than as In k.
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  • 91
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 217-245 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ability to artificially structure new semiconductor materials on an atomic scale, using advanced crystal growth methods such as molecular beam epitaxy and metal organic chemical vapor deposition, has led recently to the observation of new physical phenomena as well as the creation of entirely new classes of devices based on band gap and wave function engineering. In these lectures an elementary introduction is given to the quantum aspects of these new structures.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 92
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 271-277 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this note we discuss the variational forms of the energy derivatives and the method of obtaining them. We show that perturbation theory can be formulated in terms of stationary energy derivatives and that this formulation extends the idea of the Hylleraas functional to infinite order and excited states.
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  • 93
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 301-304 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: For Z particles moving independently in an unscreened Coulomb potential energy -Ze2/r, it is known that the total energy E = -(3/2)1/3Z7/3 in nonrelativistic theory as Z→∞. The generalization of this result to d dimensions in the same asymptotice limit is obtained as \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$E(Z,d) = - \frac{{2\left({\frac{{d!}}{4}} \right)^{1 - (2/d)} }}{{(d - 1)!(d - 2)}}Z^{3 - (2/d)},$$\end{document} which includes the known result above for the three-dimensional case.
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  • 94
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 369-369 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 95
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 96
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988), S. 373-394 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We examine various perturbation-variational approximations for molecular electronic energy when the fifth-order perturbational energies are available. Such theories require very little additional computation once the sequence of perturbation energies are known yet supply a bound even when the peturbation sequence is poorly convergent. We choose for computational examples results obtained very rapidly from a zeroth order wave function consisting of doubly occupied localized bonds and examine polarization within these bonds, delocalization, and bond breaking. In general, we find that the fifth-order energy itself, and especially the [2, 1] Padé approximant on this sequence, are especially accurate in estimating the total energy and more accurate than any variational scheme when the zeroth order localized wave function is a good description of the electronic structure. The variational results, however, are nearly as accurate, and a [1, 0] Padé on the sequence of variational results is remarkably robust, even in those cases where the perturbation sequence is poorly defined.We also examine several scaling techniques, or partitionings of the Hamiltonian. Although these scaling techniques do accelerate convergence of the perturbation sequence, none that we examine give better results, than the [2, 1] padé, which is independent of any scaling.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 97
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 33 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 98
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 225-229 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Generalized Padé approximants are used to extrapolate the total energy of polymers described by alternant Hamiltonians to the bulk limit. The method provides an upper bound to the energy. The origin of (quasi) periodic oscillations of the energy per unit cell as the function of the number of unit cells is enlightened through analysis of the moments of the Hamiltonian.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 99
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 279-288 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The pair correlation energies for some nl4f pairs of the ground state of the Yb atom are calculated for the first time. The partial wave (PW) increments to the second-order pair energies are generated using numerical first-order radial pair functions obtained as the solution of two-dimensional differential equations. The analysis of the PWs contributions shows the dominant role of the df, fg, and gh PWs for the 4d4f pair, of the pf and dg PWs for the 4p4f and 5p4f pairs, and of the sf and pg PWs for the 4s4f, 5s4f, and 6s4f pairs. A discussion of the similarities and differences of the structure of the correlation energy found in this paper with those calculated earlier for smaller atoms is given.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 100
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 34 (1988), S. 307-307 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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