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  • 101
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Transition structures for the Diels-Alder reactions of 1,3,4-oxadiazole with ethylene, acrylonitrile, maleonitrile, fumaronitrile, and 1,1-dicyanoethylene were located with ab initio molecular orbital calculations with the RHF/3-21G theoretical model. The activation energies were calculated by single-point calculations with the RHF/6-31G* and MP2/6-31G* theory levels on the RHF/3-21G geometries. Geometries of two transition structures and the corresponding reactants were generated at the MP2/6-31G* and the energies evaluated at the MP3/6-31G* level. The values obtained are comparable to those generated by MP2/6-31G*//3-21G. The asynchronicity of the transition structures follow the same trend as the corresponding all-carbon Diels-Alder reactions with buta-1,3-diene and cyclopentadiene, but the activation energies are almost in opposite correlation. This behavior is explained by the oxadiazole nitrogen lone pair repulsion with the π-orbitals of the nitrile groups.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 7 (1994) 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 7 (1994), S. 646-651 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The reaction of 2-(p-nitrophenyl)ethyl bromide with hydroxide ion was studied at 50 and 25°C in the presence of cationic chemodegradable surfactants, i.e. [2-alkyl(1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl] trimethylammonium bromides Ia-c (alkyl: a = n-C9H19, b = n-C11H23, c = n-C13H27). The kinetic data were interpreted with the pseudo-phase ion-exchange (PIE) formalizm at both temperatures. The results indicate that the major source of rate enhancement is the increased reactant concentration in the small micellar reaction volume. The surfactant stability in micellar conditions was probed by means of a hydrolysis reaction of the surfactant 1,3-dioxolane ring. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis of Ia-c micelles, as a result of specific hydronium ion concentration, is one order of magnitude smaller than that of unaggregated systems.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 7 (1994), S. 641-645 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Transition states for the hetero-Diels-Alder addition of formaldehyde, formaldimine, diazene and nitrosyl hydride to cyclopentadiene were located with ab initio molecular orbital calculations. Asynchronous transition structures were located for the asymmetric hetero-dienophiles, whereas the symmetrical hetero-dienophile, cis-diazene, produced a synchronous transition structure. The relative reactivities are in good agreement with the LUMO energies of the hetero-dienophiles, and the transition states with the exo oxygen or nitrogen lone pairs have lower energies than the corresponding endo lone electron pair transition states. Endo/exo energy differences are much higher than in the addition of ethylene derivatives to cyclopentadiene.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 7 (1994), S. 655-656 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 106
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The gas-phase basicities of eight pyrazoles substituted only at position 4 (R4 = H, NO2, F, Cl, CO2C2H5, CH3, NH2, 1-adamantyl) were measured by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance. The experimental values were treated in two ways, first by comparing these values with the AM1-calculated proton affinities. Since the correlation was reasonably good [PA(calc.) = -11·3 + 1·063PA(exp.), n = 8, r = 0·984], a set of 17 further 4-substituted pyrazoles and their cations were calculated using the AM1 approximation and their gas-phase basicities were estimated. Second, both the experimental and the AM1-calculated values were considered within the framework of the Taft-Topsom analysis of substituent effects. Comparison of the analyses for pyrazoles and pyridines led to the unexpected result that, in spite of differences in ring size and number of heteroatoms, both systems behave remarkably alike.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 107
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A calorimetric method is described for the determination of the hydride affinities, ΔHH-(R+) of seven dioxolenium ions from the title compounds and also tropylium, trityl and 9-phenyl xanthylium cations by hydride transfer to the carbocations from BH3CN-. Cyclic voltammetric methods yield free energies for reduction of the cations to the conjugate radicals and to the carbanions. The ΔHH-(R+) values correlate well with the first reduction potentials of the cations.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 7 (1994), S. 696-704 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The dissociation pK values of picric acid, tetrabutylammonium picrate, bromide and hydroxide and tetramethylammonium hydroxide in some 2-methylpropan-2-ol-cosolvent mixtures were determined and correlated with the Taft and Kamlet solvatochromic parameters π*, δ, α and β. The results show the most important solvent properties that affect electrolyte dissociation are polarity, polarizability and hydrogen bond acidity. These results were confirmed by analysis of published literature data.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 7 (1994), S. 672-684 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Reversed-phase HPLC capacity factors, as log k′, have been correlated through the LFER equation: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${\rm log k}^\prime = {\rm c} + {\rm rR}_2 + {\rm s\pi }_2^{\rm H} + {\rm a}\sum {\rm \beta }_2^0 + {\rm vV}_{\rm X}$$\end{document} where k′ is the capacity factor for a series of solutes in a given stationary phase-mobile phase system, and the explanatory variables are the solute descriptors: R2 an excess molar refraction, π2H the dipolarity/polarizability, Σα2H the overall hydrogen-bond acidity, Σβ20 the overall hydrogen-bond basicity and Vx the McGowan volume. This equation was applied to various C18 stationary phases with methanol-water, acetonitrile-water and tetrahydrofuran-water buffered mobile phases. The solute and mobile phase factors that influence log k′ values are set out, and a comparison is made between log k′ values and water-octanol partition coefficients.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 7 (1994), S. 685-695 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The substituent effects on the intrinsic basicity of a wide variety of thiocarbonyl compounds were investigated by means of a topological analysis of the electronic charge densities and their Laplacians for the neutral and the protonated species, and also by means of their harmonic vibrational frequencies. For the sake of comparison, a similar analysis was carried out for a reduced set of carbonyl compounds with similar substituents. The results show that the behaviour of the thiocarbonyl group with regard to the protonation process is similar to that predicted for the carbonyl group, in the sense that both groups are not much affected by protonation. The charge transferred to the proton results basically in a polarization and, in some cases, in a depopulation of the bonds in which the thiocarbonyl carbon atom participates. Accordingly, the intrinsic basicities of these kinds of compounds depend strongly on the ability of the substituents to be polarized. This conclusion seems to be ratified also by the shiftings undergone by the C=S stretching frequencies on protonation.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 7 (1994), S. 705-711 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: An infrared spectroscopic study of the 1 : 1 hydrogen-bond association of amidates with both methanol and 4-fluorophenol showed that the site of complexation is the oxygen of the amidate function. However the formamidate HCON2Me3 forms a second 1 : 1 complex on the nitrogen of the amidate. The formation constants of the hydrogen-bond complexes of the amidates with the reference hydrogen-bond donor 4-FC6H4OH indicate that the amidates are stronger hydrogen-bond bases than are amides and amide vinylogues. As such, the amidates constitute the strongest carbonyl bases hitherto investigated on the hydrogen-bond basicity scale.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 7 (1994), S. 712-716 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The general solvation equation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${\rm logSP} = {\rm c} + {\rm rR}_2 + {\rm s\pi }_2^{\rm H} + {\rm a}\sum {\rm \beta }_2^{\rm H} + {\rm vV}_{\rm X}$$\end{document} was applied to the partition of solutes between water and isobutanol, pentanol, hexanol, octanol, decanol and oleyl alcohol. It is shown that the two main factors that influence partitioning are solute hydrogen-bond basicity Σβ2H and solute volume Vx. The b coefficient becomes steadily more negative along the above series of alcohols, showing that the alcoholic phases, which are all less acidic than water, become less and less acidic as the chain length increases, and the water content of the alcoholic phase decreases. The v coefficient, on the other hand, becomes gradually more positive, indicating that as the chain length increases and the water content decreases, the alcoholic phase becomes more and more hydrophobic. Of great significance is that for all six alcohols, the a coefficient is effectively zero, so that all alcoholic phases have the same basicity as bulk water, no matter what their water content is. It is suggested that, contrary to results of solvatochromic measurements, the alcohols have similar hydrogen-bond basicity to water.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 7 (1994), S. 725-733 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The superbase gas-phase scale has been further extended up to proton affinities of ca 1080 kJ mol-1 by use of cyclic and acyclic guanidines and vinamidines. Structural features such as Y-conjugation, vinylogy and intramolecular ionic hydrogen bonding leading to their superbasic behaviour are analysed. Solvation effects by water and acetonitrile on basicity are discussed. From a correlation pKa(acetonitrile) vs gas-phase basicity, proton affinity values in the range 1070-1410 kJ mol-1 are predicted for Schwesinger phosphazene compounds.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 7 (1994), S. 717-724 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) spectrometry was used to study and recheck the proton transfer equilibria for a large number of low-basicity compounds, particularly those which are less basic than H2O. The data obtained were used for the construction of a continuous scale of the relative gas-phase basicities between H2S and SO2F2. The present results are compared with the results obtained by McMahon and co-workers using ICR spectrometry and high-pressure mass spectrometric (HPMS) techniques. Satisfactory agreement is found with the existing ICR spectrometric data. The results, however, show unexplained variances with earlier and recent HPMS results that also not internally self-consistent. The substituent effects for some families of low-basicity compounds (nitriles, carbonyl compounds, ethers and some others) are discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 7 (1994), S. 743-750 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: An LSER analysis based on the partitioning of 15 proton acceptor heterocycles has succeeded in extracting Σβ values, but only at the cost of demonstrating solvent dependence for some of them. As noted by Abraham, the division lies between protic and aprotic organic phases. His observation that pyridine and quinoline are less effective acceptors when surrounded by solvent than in 1 : 1 association was confirmed, and possible reasons for this are discussed. Two other such cases are N-methylimidazole and pyridazine, both of which give lower Σβ values in octanol than in PGDP. For both, Σβ in PGDP is what would be expected on the basis of log Kβ. The value for pyridazine in octanol suggests that, here, the ‘α-effect’ is no longer operative; it is possible that this result can be generalized to other such heterocycles. Elsewhere, the most remarkable finding is that, where there are two proton acceptor sites in one heterocyclic ring, Σβ is the simple unattenuated sum of the separate βf values. If this result is general, it leads to a very simple way of estimating Σβ for heterocycles by calculation where data are unavailable. Evidence was also found, in certain cases, for hydrogen bonding to the π-donor heteroatom or the aromatic ring. The QSAR implications of these results are discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 7 (1994), S. 734-742 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: This paper extends previous work on the dynamic averaging of distinct liquid environments by cage exchange to include potential energy fluctuations at the cage centers due to Brownian motions of molecules in the cage walls. After a brief review of the effect of cage exchange on the Schrödinger wave train associated with the electronic ground state of the caged molecule, typical magnitudes and time-scales for the Brownian potential energy fluctuations are estimated. Then a zig-zag model for the resulting noise in the wave trains is developed, and applied to analyze distinguishability in the presence of noisy cage exchange. When distinguishability survives the noise, the distinct caged species are fully fledged environmental isomers. Applications of these concepts are discussed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 7 (1994), S. 751-756 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The equilibrium acidities, pKHA, of 18 dialkyl malonates, five alkyl 2-cyanoacetates and nine malononitriles and the oxidation potentials of their conjugate anions, EOX(A-), were measured in dimethyl sulfoxide solution. The homolytic bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) of their acidic C-H were estimated by combining their pKHA and EOX(A-) values. The pKHA values of the dialkyl malonates were found to increase from 15·9 to 16·4 to 18·4 as the dialkyl groups were changed from dimethyl to diethyl to di-tert-butyl, but the BDEs of the acidic C-H bonds remained constant [95·3±0·3 kcal mol-1] (1 kcal = 4·184 kJ). Introduction of methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and tert-butyl groups into the 2-position of diethyl malonate caused the equilibrium acidities to increase by 2·0, 2·4, 3·8 and 8·0 pKHA units, respectively, and the BDE values to decrease by 4·4, 3·7, 2·5 and 0·8 kcal mol-1, respectively. Introduction of a phenyl group into the 2-position of diethyl malonate had no effect on the acidity, but weakened the acidic C-H bond by 10 kcal mol-1. The effects on acidity and BDE of introducing 3,4,5- (MeO)3C6H2CO, CF3, Me3N+, c-C5H10N, p-MeC6H4, p-NO2C6H4, PhO, F and c-C5H5N+ groups into the 2-position of diethyl malonate were also examined.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 118
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 7 (1994), S. 757-769 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The solvatochromic hydrogen bond donor (HBD) acidity parameter (αmix) of aqueous mixtures of methanol, acetonitrile, propan-2-ol and tetrahydrofuran were determined spectrophotometrically. The study was carried out at 25deg;C as a function of composition. The indicators used were 2,6-diphenyl-4-(2,4,6-triphenyl-N-pyridino)phenolate, 2,6-dichloro-4-(2,4,6-triphenyl-N-pyridino)phenolate and Fe(LL)2(CN)2 (LL = N-(2-pyridylbenzylidene)-3,4-dimethylaniline). The HBD acidity of the aqueous organic mixtures was related to retention in reversed-phase liquid chromatography.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 119
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Germane, optically active ; Biotransformation, stereoselective ; Transesterification, enzymatic ; Porcine liver esterase ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of ( - )-(Acetoxymethyl)(hydroxymethyl)methyl(phenyl)germane [( - )-MePhGe(CH2OAc)(CH2OH)] by an Esterase-Catalyzed Transesterification: the First Enzymatic Synthesis of an Optically Active GermaneThe prochiral germane MePhGe(CH2OH)2 (1) was synthesized by a six-step synthesis starting from GeCl4 (3) [3 → Cl2Ge(CH2Cl)2 (4) → Ph2Ge(CH2Cl)2 (5) → (CF3S(O)2O)PhGe(CH2Cl)2 (6) → MePhGe(CH2Cl)2 (7) → MePhGe(CH2OAc)2 (8) → 1]. Reaction of 1 with Ac2O/NEt3 (molar ratio 1: Ac2O = 1:1) gave the racemic germane rac-MePhGe(CH2OAc)(CH2OH) (rac-2). Stereoselective transesterification of 1 with vinyl acetate (acetate source and solvent), catalyzed by immobilized porcine liver esterase (PLE; E.C.-3.1.1.1), yielded the optically active germane ( - )-MePhGe(CH2OAc)(CH2OH) [( - )-2] (yield 57%, enantiomeric purity 50% ee).
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  • 120
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 91-92 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Boranes, amino(imino) ; Iron, tricarbonyl(butanone) ; Diiron, [(boryloxy)allyl]hexacarbonyl ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: On the Formation of a Fe2(CO)6 Complex with a (Boryloxy)allyl BridgeThe amino(imino)borane Me3Si(tBu)N=B=NtBu (1) reacts with (benzylideneacetone)tricarbonyliron (2) in 1:2 molar ratio to give a 50% yield of the hexacarbonyldiiron complex 3 with a fly-over (boryloxy)allyl bridge, which crystallizes in the space group P21/c. The structure of 3 can be described as a pyramid with Fe(CO)3 at the apex and a non-planar pentagon [-Fe(CO)3-O(BXX′)-C(Me)-CH-C(Ph)-] [X = NHtBu, X′ = N(SiMe3)tBu] as the basis, but there is no bond between the apex and the O atom.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 121
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 107-112 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)methanol ; Diels-Alder reaction, intramolecular ; Chloroformate, bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)methanol ; Tosylate, bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)methanol ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)methanol: Synthesis, Structure, and DerivatizationBis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) ketone (1) reacts at low temperatures with LiAlH4 to form in good yields (pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)methanol (2) and its corresponding intramolecular Diels-Alder product 3 in a ca. 2:1 ratio. The alcohol 2 is separated from the tetracyclic compound 3 by crystallisation at -70°C from hexane/pyridine as pyridine adduct. The pyridine-free alcohol 2 is available by repeated dissolving of the adduct in hexane and removal of the volatile components in vacuo. The alcohol tends to intramolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition even at room temperature with formation of 3. A derivatization of 2 is possible by deprotonation with alkyllithium compounds, which leads to the alcoholate 4, and subsequent treatment with phosgen and tosyl chloride, thus affording the chloroformate 6 and the tosylate 7, respectively, in good yields. The thermolabile tosylate 7 decomposes to pentamethylbenzene or, under basic conditions, to the pentacyclic compound 7.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 122
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 145-149 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Bis(trifluormethyl)butenal ; Retinoids ; β-Ionol ; Fluoro compounds ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Preparation of Suitable Precursors for the Synthesis of 16,16,16,17,17,17-HexafluororetinalsCycloaddition reactions of (CF3)2C = CHCHO with butadiene or 1,3-pentadiene provide the corresponding cyclohexane derivatives 2, 3 and 4. Condensation of 3 with (C2H5O)2P-(O)CH2C(O)CH3 or of 2 with acetone in the presence of bases yields 5 and 7. While 5 reacts with CH2 = CHMgBr to give 6, treatment of 7 with diluted HCI provides 8. Compounds 7 and 8 proved to be not suitable as starting materials for the preparation of 16,16,16,17,17,17-hexafluororetinals. A better synthon is the diene 11. This is obtained in a threestep reaction starting from hexafluoroacetone and (C6H5)3P=CHC(O)CH3 to give 9 which on treatment with CH3MgI provides 10. Dehydration of 10 with 50% H2SO4 forms 11. In this reaction sequence byproduct 12 is formed presumably by addition of CF3C(O)CF3 to 9. At elevated temperatures under pressure 11 adds ethylene to form 13. Functionalization of 13 in 2-position is achieved by hydroboration/oxidation yielding 14 which is oxidized with pyridinium dichromate to 15. Oxidation and bromination reaction of 13 are described.
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  • 123
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Carbonyl olefination ; Molbydenum aluminium complexes, organo ; Tungsten aluminium complexes, organo ; Tebbe reagent ; Aluminium, molybdenum and tungsten complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Organomolybdenum and Organotungsten Reagents, VI[1]. On the Carbonyl-Methylenating Molybdenum-Aluminium and Tungsten-Aluminium μ-Methylene ComplexesMoCl5, MoOCl3(THF)2, MoO2Cl2, (MeO)2MoCl3, (MeO)4MoCl, WOCl3(THF)2, and WOCl4 form carbonyl-methylenating complexes and 1-2 equiv. of CH4 by reacting with 2 equiv. of Me3Al. These thermolabile complexes are prepared in solution and differ in their properties (e.g. ability to transfer mostly more than 1 CH2 unit per Mo or W atom in carbonyl-olefinating processes; high sensitivity to water, no hydroxy ketone affinity) from the carbonyl-olefinating 1,3-dimetallacyclobutanes (M = Mo, W) and are believed to be mono- and bicyclic analogs (e.g. hypothic structures 3, 6-8) of the Tebbe reagent (1), containing Mo-μCH2 Al or W -μCH2 Al groups, respectively. Analogous complexes seem to be produced by treating MoOCl3(THF)2 with 2 Me2Zn or (MeO)2MoCl3 and (MeO)4MoCl with 2 MeMgBr in each case. Unlike the dimeric and, due to a Mo—Mo bond, diamagnetic Mo derivatives (Me—O)2MoCl3 and (MeO)4MoCl (according to 1H—NMR structure 9 or 10 and 11 or 12, respectively) the complexes obtained by the reactions (MeO)2MoCl3 + 2 Me3Al and (MeO)4MoCl + 2 Me3Al are paramagnetic, indicating the expected absence of a Mo—Mo bond. The 1H—NMR spectrum of the reaction mixture obtained by treating the MoVI derivative MoO2Cl2 with 2 Me3Al in THF shows various signals for μ—CH2 groups, whereas signals of t-CH2 ligands are missing (t = terminal). In analogy to 1 the carbonyl-olefinating activity of the Mo—Al and W—Al reagents is activated by the addition of 2 equiv. of HMPA. Treatment of PhCOCH2NEt2 (19) with {MoO2Cl2 + 2 Me3Al} leads to carbonyl olefination with formation of 20 and also to α-methylation with formation of PhCOCH(Me)-NEt2 (21), pointing to the intermediate formation of a t-CH2—Mo ligand. {MoO2Cl2 + 2 Me3Al + 2 HMPA} has found to be the best reagent for the carbonyl olefination of aldehydes, whereas {WOCl3(THF)2 + 2 Me3Al + 2 HMPA} was optimal for ketones. In 1:1 reactions both reagents normally give better yields than the Tebbe reagent. By applying (WOCl3(THF)2 + 2 Me3Al} and {MoO2Cl2 + 2 Me3Al} on ketones 16-18 an interesting neighbour group effect of electron donor atoms in the δ position to the keto group was observed.
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  • 124
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 191-200 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Diazo compounds ; Valence isomerization ; „Corset effect“ ; limits of ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Small Rings, 79[1].  -  Synthesis and Properties of Novel Silyl-Substituted Cyclobutadienes and TetrahedranesThe cyclobutadienes 2b, d as well as the corresponding tetrahedranes 3b, d have been prepared according to the “Masamune route” by starting from the diazo compounds 1b, d. Low-temperature 13C—NMR measurements of the cyclobutadienes 2a, b, d lead to the first exact values of the barrier heights in the interconversion of the two rectangular forms of the cyclobutadienes. Fluorodesilylation of 3d probably proceeds via tri-tert-butyltetrahedrane (3h) and cyclobutadiene 2h and finally yields diketone 18. Reaction of tetrahedrane 3d with LiAlH4 in boiling THF leads to tetrahedrane 3e, which is much less stable than all previously known tetrahedrane derivatives.
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  • 125
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 213-217 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Alkylation ; Alkoxyalkylation ; Carboxonium ions ; Acetals ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Competition experiments have been performed to determine the relative reactivities of acetals and ethers toward allyltrimethylsilane in the presence of catalytic amounts of BF3 OEt2. It is found that acetals R-CH(OMe)2 and their phenylogous p-anisyl ethers R-CH(p-MeOC6H4)(OMe) show very little differences in reactivity. The reactivity scales are employed to rationalize the results of Lewis acid-catalyzed additions of acetals and ethers to CC double bonds.
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  • 126
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 237-245 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Cyclopropenes, 3,3-dimethyl-1-trimethylsilyl-substituted ; Cyclopropene, isomerisation ; Gas-phase kinetics ; Ring opening ; Diradical intermediates ; Cyclopropylidene intermediates ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The gas-phase pyrolyses of 1,3,3-trimethyl-2-(trimethylsilyl)-cyclopropene (9), 3,3-dimethyl-1,2-bis(trimethylsilyl)cyclopropeneTextReactantlog (A/s-1)Ea/kj mol-1(kcal mol-1)913.41 ± 0.22192.1 ± 2.5(45.9 ± 0.6)1013.54 ± 0.19184.4 ± 2.1(44.1 ± 0.5)1112.17 ± 0.38124.6 ± 3.1(29.8 ± 0.7)(10), and 3,3-dimethyl-1-(methylthio)-2-(trimethylsilyl)cyclopropene (11) have been studied, and the pressure-independent Arrhenius parameters listed in the table were obtained. All three rearrangements are homogeneous, first-order and unimolecular reactions. Rather surprisingly all reactions give the corresponding isomeric allenes as the main products. Amongst possible mechanisms discussed, 10 is proposed to react via a cyclopropylidene intermediate, whilst the results for 9 and 11 throw light on the relative importance of the diradical- and vinylcarbene-type intermediates produced by cyclopropene ring opening.
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  • 127
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. A5 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 128
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Metal dithiolenes ; Dipyridinioethylene dihalides ; Charge-Transfer complexes ; Electrical conductivity ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Charge-Transfer Complexes of Metal Dithiolenes, XIII[1]. - cis-trans-Photoisomerisable Viologens as Redoxactive Acceptors  -  Synthesis and Electrical ConductivityIon Pair Charge-Transfer (IPCT) complexes of the type [A2+[ML2]2-} (1a-f to 4a-f) are synthesized from dianionic metal dithiolenes [M = Ni, Zn, L = cis-1,2-dicyano-1,2-ethene-dithiolate (mnt2-), 2-thioxo-1,3-dithiol-4,5-dithiolate (dmit2-)] and dicationic viologens [A2+ = 4,4′-(1,2-ethenediyl)bis(1-alkylpyridinium)]. The acceptors can exist as cis/trans isomers and may have coordinating properties in the case of 1-cyanoalkyl groups. The IPCT bands are in the range of 500 to 1200 nm and their energy follows the Hush-Marcus relation. For the nickel complexes the reorganization energy amounts to 73, for the zinc compounds to 115 kJ/mol. As shown by X-ray analysis of {A2+[Ni(mnt)2]2-} (2d), A2+ = trans-4,4′-(1,2-ethenediyl)-bis[1-(3-cyanopropyl)pyridinium], the structure consists of stacks of alternating donors and acceptors with a typical plane-to-plane distance of 350 pm. There is no interaction between the cyano group of the acceptor and the nickel atom of the donor. The electrical conductivities of the nickel compounds are in the range of 5 · 10-6 to 3 · 10-11 Ω-1 cm-1, and the corresponding activation energies vary from 0.24 to 0.61 eV. For the dmit complexes these values agree well with the free activation enthalpy of the electron transfer reaction A2+ + [ML2]2- → A+ + [ML2]- calculated from the Hush-Marcus model. This suggests that charge carrier generation occurs by electron transfer. When a trans acceptor is replaced by its cis isomer in [A2+[NiL2]2-}, conductivity changes from 5 · 10-7 to 5 · 10-6 Ω-1 cm-1 and the activation energy from 0.43 to 0.24 eV, when L - dmit2- but stays at about 1 · 10-8 Ω-1 cm-1 for L = mnt2-.
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  • 129
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994) 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 130
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 11-14 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Niobium iodide telluride ; Polytellurides ; Chain compounds, one-dimensional ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The new ternary compound Nb4Te17I4 has been prepared and structurally characterized. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/c with unit-cell parameters a = 16.199(4), b = 8.128(2), c = 27.355(6) Å, β = 110.84(2)°, Z = 4. The structure consists of infinite one-dimensional niobium/tellurium chains running parallel to the crystallographic c direction. The chains are separated by iodine atoms. Short and long metal-metal distances alternate in the sequence of three consecutive short bonds ([d ≈ 3.1 - 3.2 Å) and one long (d = 4.268 Å) metal-metal separation. Each Nb atom is eight-coordinate. The composition of the chain is ∞11[(Nb5+)2(Nb4+)2(Te22-)4(Te32-)3(I-)4].
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  • 131
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 15-21 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Copper niobium telluride ; Layer compounds ; Low-dimensional compounds ; Electrical properties ; Band structures ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis, Structure and Electronic Properties of Cu0.69NbTe2Cu0.69NbTe2 is obtained from the elements in a sealed quartz ampoule at 850°C. The structure of Cu0.69NbTe2 is related to the CdI2 type. The Cu atoms are disordered and situated in tetrahedral sites between the NbTe2 layers. The Nb atoms form zig-zag chains extending in one direction within the layers. This deformation of the Nb sublattice from trigonal symmetry is typical for CdI2 derivatives with formal electron counts close to d2 on the early transition metal. The magnetic susceptibility is temperature-independent between 4 K and 300 K (Pauli paramagnetism). Resistivity measurements confirm the metallic behavior of the compound. The crystal structure and the physical properties are in agreement with the results of tight-binding band-structure calculations.
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  • 132
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    Keywords: (Trifluoromethyl)sulfane- and -disulfanesulfonic acids ; Mercury compounds ; (Trifluoromethyl)sulfanyl-disulfanyl-, and -sulfinylimine ; Arsenic compounds ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Properties of S-(Trifluoromethyl)polysulfanemonosulfonates CF3SxSO2M [x=1, M = OH, NH4O, 1/2 HgO2, (CH3)2N, NH2; x=2, M = NH4O]*Hydrolysis of CF3SNSO with 2 equiv. of H2O provides [NH4][CF3SSO3] (1), which on treatment with chlorine gives CF3SCl and [NH4][ClSO3]. Trifluoromethyl thiosulfates are synthesized from Hg(SCF3)2 and ClSO2M [M = NH4O, (CH3)3SiO (2), (CH3)2N (3), NH2 (4)]. Insertion of SO3 into Hg(SCF3)2 provides Hg[CF3SSO2O]2 (6). Similarly, S-(trifluoromethyl)thiosulfuric acid (5) is obtained from CF3SH and SO3. New preparations for CF3SXNSO (x=1, 2) are described. These compounds are formed either from Hg(NSO)2 or (CH3)3SiNSO and CF3SxCl in good yields. CF3SSNSO (8) reacts with water to give [NH4][CF3SSSO3] (9). A 1:1 adduct (10) is obtained from CF3SNSO and AsF5. A preliminary X-ray structure investigation proved that AsF5 is coordinated to the oxygen atom. Some reactions of [NH4][CF3SSO3] and CF3SSO2OSi(CH3)3 are mentioned.
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  • 133
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 501-506 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Tripod ligand synthesis ; Tripod iron trisacetonitrile complexes ; Tripod cobalt acetate complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Functionalized Tripod Ligands: Synthesis and Coordination of 1,1,1-Tris[(diphenylphosphanyl)methyl]methaneThe tripod ligand HC(CH2PPh2)3 (4) is easily available from the reaction of 1,3-dichloro-2-(chloromethyl)propane (3) with lithium diphenylphosphide. The ligand 4 itself and two of its coordination compounds, [(HC(CH2PPh2)3)Co(OOCMe)]+-[BPh4]- (5 · BPh4) and [(HC(CH2PPH2)3)Co(OOCMe)]2+ · 2[BF4]- [7 · (BF4)2] have been characterized by X-ray analyses. Coordination of 4 leads to an opening of the CH2—CH—CH2 bond angles (114° in 7 · (BF4)2 and 5 · BPh4 versus 111° in 4). This change in structure is reflected by the unusual low field shift of the methine hydrogen of 7 · (BF4)2 (δ = 3.90) in comparison with the corresponding signal of the free ligand 4 (δ = 1.53).
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  • 134
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 525-531 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Alkynes ; Alkenes ; Nucleophilicity ; Carbenium ions ; Vinyl cations ; Kinetics ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Relative reactivities of alkenes and alkynes toward diarylmethyl cations have been determined by direct rate measurements and by competition experiments in dichloromethane. At -70°C alkynes are found to be one to two orders of magnitude less reactive than analogously substituted alkenes (e.g. phenylacetylene/styrene), but the reactivity difference reduces strongly as the temperature is raised. The stereochemistry of the vinyl chlorides produced by addition of benzhydryl chlorides to alkynes is characterized.
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  • 135
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 205-212 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Alkylation ; Allylation ; Carbenium ions ; Friedel-Crafts reactions ; Linear free energy relationships ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Competition experiments have been performed to determine the relative reactivities of 23 alkyl chlorides toward allyltrimethylsilane in the presence of catalytic amounts of ZnCl2.The krel scale spans over 11 orders of magnitude from 1-adamantyl chloride (least reactive) to bis(p-methoxyphenyl)methyl chloride (most reactive compound). A fair correlation between the alkylating ability and the SN1 reactivity in solvolysis reactions is found, thus providing a quantitative basis for our long-standing working hypothesis that Lewis acid-catalyzed additions of alkyl halides to CC multiple bonds only yield 1:1 products if the reactants ionize faster than the products. Trityl chlorides do not follow this correlation and are 105 times less reactive than predicted from their SN1 reactivities.
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  • 136
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 231-236 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Zinc porphyrin complexes ; Porphyrin-quinone cyclophanes ; Photoinduced electron transfer ; Electron-transfer mechanism in metalloporphyrin-quinone cyclophanes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In order to increase the driving force for photoinduced electron-transfer reactions of porphyrin-quinone cyclophanes, the zinc complexes 3a-e and 4a-e were prepared from the corresponding cyclophanes of the 1 and 2 series. Electron-transfer-related properties like redox potentials and fluorescence spectra were determined for 3a-e and 4a-e. The X-ray structure analysis of 4a indicates that for the very fast and solvent-independent electron transfer in these systems a specific mechanism involving an interaction of a quinone carbonyl group with the zinc might be considered as an alternative to through-space electron-transfer.
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  • 137
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 247-259 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Pyrroles, heteroannulated ; α-Pyridones, heteroannulated ; Pentalenes, dihetero- ; Nitrones ; Heterocyclizations, 1,7-dipolar ; Diels-Alder reactions ; Singlet oxygen ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A Novel Route to Isoannulated Heteroaroamtic Compounds, 2[1].  -  The Dipole Route to Furo/Thieno Pyrroles and α-Pyridones, and Their Benzo DerivativesA new methodology involving 1,7-dipolar cyclizations of conjugated dipoles followed by a multistep rearrangement affording ring-contracted products has been employed for the synthesis of various examples of the title compounds. Under different thermolysis conditions the annulated alkynyl nitrones 15-19, 45, and 46 are converted into isoannulated pyrroles and α-pyridones, respectively, with yields up to 90% (general reaction A → B + C). The product distribution is strongly influenced by the nature of the terminal substituent R, hence supporting a mechanism with oxo carbenes as central intermediates which undergo either 6-π cyclization to the pyrrole systems or Wolff rearrangement leading to conjugated ketenes, the precursors of the observed α-pyridones (see Scheme 1). Diels-Alder reactions were performed with benzofuropyridone 40a, napthopyridone 62 as well as with the corresponding dihydronaphtho compounds 64a, b. Whereas the tert-butyl derivatives 22b, 23b and 41b are rather unreactive against dienophiles, they are easily transformed into the cyclic imides 31, 32 and 52, respectively, under the influence of oxygen and light suggesting the formation and subsequent [4 + 2] cycloaddition of 1O2 as important steps.
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  • 138
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Metallocenes, dinuclear, silyl-bridged ; Antiferromagnetism ; Cyclic voltammetry ; Paramagnetic NMR spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The dilithium salt of the 3a,4,7a,8-tetrahydro-4,4,8,8-tetra-methyl-4,8-disila-s-indacenediyl dianion (L2-, 2) was allowed to react with the solvated metal halides MX2 (M = Ni, Co, Cr) in the presence of the cyclopentadienyl (Cp) anion to give trans-CpMLMCp (3NiNi, 3CoCo, and 3CrCr) in yields up to 80%. The only cis isomers which could be detected were 4NiNi and 4CoCo. Similarly, the reaction of 2 with [CpVCl(PEt3)]2 gave the trans-vanadium analogue 3VV while the successive reaction of 2 with CrCl3 (THF)3 and PEt3 yielded the bridged half-sandwich (Et3P)Cl2CrLCrCl2(PEt3) (5CrCr). The mixed-metal dinuclear metallocene CpFel—NiCp (3FeNi) was synthesized from CpFel-, Cp- and solvated NiBr2. The molecules were characterized by mass spectrometry, elemental analyses, cyclic voltammetry, 1H—, 13C—, and 29Si—NMR spectroscopy and solid-state magnetic measurements. Cyclic voltammetry showed up to six electron transfers per molecule. A metal-dependent splitting of the half-wave potentials of up to 355 mV indicated rather strong electrostatic interaction between the metallocene units. The NMR results established unpaired spin on the ligands. Its distribution within the bridging ligand was correlated with the molecular orbital splitting and the magnetic interaction. Antiferromagnetic interaction was found for 3NiNi, 3CrCr, and 3VV with J = -11.6, -2.56, and -1.34 cm-1, respectively (H = -J · SA · SB). A temperature-dependent folding of the bridging ligand was deduced from the temperature behavior of the 1H—NMR signal shifts.
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  • 139
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 313-319 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Phosphirene imines ; 1,2-Diphosphete diimines ; Isomerization ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Investigations of the System Phosphirene Imine/Iminophosphane - Insertion and Isomerization ReactionsTreatment of the iminophosphanes R1P=NR2 1 [R2 = tBu, R1 = Et3C (a); R2 = Aryl, R1 = Et (b), Me (c)] with 1,4-diphenyl-butadiyne (2) leads to the phosphirene imines R1-(R2N=)P̌(Ph)=CCCPh 3a-c and [R1(R2N=)P̌(Ph)=CC]2 4a-c. Further reaction with 1a, c gives the 1,2-diphosphetes R1(R2N=)PP(R1)(=NR2)C(Ph)=CCCPh 5a, b, which isomerize in the case of R1 = Me into the triphosphabicyclo[3.2.0]-hepta-1,6-diene 7. In the reaction of the phosphirene imines R1(ArylN=)P̌(R2)=C(R2) 3 [R1 = Me, R2 = Ph (d); R1 = Et, R2 = COOMe (e)] with the iminophosphanes 1b, d the initially formed diphosphetes 9a, b isomerize to the 1,2-diazaphosphole Cl(Mes*N=)PN(Mes*)P(Me)C(Ph)=C(Ph) 10 or the dioxadiphosphabicyclooctadiene C=C(OMe)OP(=N-Mes*)(Et)C=C(OMe)OP(=NMes*)(Et) 12 depending on the substituents. A reaction of the phosphirene imine 3d with dimethylamino-borane furnishes the vinylphosphane. Ph(H)C=C(Ph)P(Et)N(H)Mes* (14) by ring opening. The compounds 7, 10, 12 have been characterized by X-ray structure analyses.
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  • 140
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 359-365 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Diastereoselectivity ; Effect, kinetic ; Effect, stereoelectronic ; Etherification ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Stereoelectronic Effects and Chiral Recognition, I.  -  Diastereoselective Formation of Ethers from AlkylarylcarbinolsAcid-catalysed etherification of various alkylarylcarbinols 1 leads to a mixture of diastereomeric products 2 and 3. As found in the closely related formation of diastereomeric acetals, the ratio 2/3 is shown to be time-dependent. Preferred formation of the meso-diastereomer 3 under kinetic condition and preferred formation of the racemic diastereomer 2 under thermodynamic conditions is observed. A reaction path based on π-π interactions and stereoelectronic effects is presented to explain experimental results.
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  • 141
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 1,2-Dithiines ; Thioindigo ; Thioketones ; Disulfides, cyclic, molecular structure and reactions ; Valence isomerization, electrocyclic ; Thiophenes, derivatives of ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bis(benzo[4,5]thieno)[3,2-c:2′,3′-e][1,2]dithiin, ein Valenzisomer von „Dithioxo-thioindigo“3-Mercaptobenzo[b]thiophene (1) is transformed with assistance of bases, especially of amines, into the benzo[b]-thieno-annellated 1,2-dithiine 6 and not into the originally claimed “Dithioxo-thioindigo” trans-3. Primarily, the formation of 6 from 1 involves oxidation to the disulfide 4 which may also be used separately. Conceivable rationalizations are discussed. The same compound is accessible (in lower yield)by thionation of thioindigo with the aid of the Lawesson reagent. X-ray elucidation of 6 reveals a non-planar structure of the cyclic disulfide with a dihedral C—S—S—C-angle of 53°. Despite of the absence of any established chromonphoric moiety, 6 is deeply red in the crystal and in solution, as it is representative for the “undisturbed” 1,2-dithiine system. Contrary to the usual behaviour of the non-annellated 1,2-dithiines, 6 displays no spontaneous sulfur extrusion under mild conditions, but only at high temperatures and in the presence of sulfur-binding agents, leading to the benzo[b]thieno-annellated thiophene 22. Moreover, 6 may be reduced to the dithiol 14 (or 13, respectively) and regenerated exclusively from this by oxidation. Further characteristic reactions of 6 are described (e.g. to the sulfoxide 18, to the pyridazine 19, and to the thiphosphoric ester 21).
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 445-445 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 449-455 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Trifluoromethylsulfanyl compounds ; Pentafluorophenylsulfanyl compounds ; Trifluoromethylselenanyl compounds ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tris(perfluoroorganochalkogenyl)methyl Compounds: Synthesis, Structures, and PropertiesReaction of (CF3S)2CHC(OC2H5)3 with CF3SCl or CF3SeCl in the presence of NaH in ether provides X(CF3S)2CC(O)OC2H5 (1a, b: X = CF3S, CF3Se). These compounds react with NH3 to form (CF3S)2CHC(O)NH2 (2b) which is also obtained from (CF3S)2CHC(O)OC2H5 and NH3. Dehydration of the amide 2b yields (CF3S)2CHCN (3b), which reacts with NaH and then with CF3SX (X = Cl, SCF3) or with RfCl (Rf = CF3Se, C6F5S) to give Rf (CF3S)2CCN [Rf = CF3S (3c), CF3Se (3d), C6F5S (3e)]. 3c is also obtained from (CF3S)3CBr and AgCN. Hydrolysis of 3c with conc. H2SO4 leads almost quantitatively to (CF3S)3CC(O)NH2 (2c), which on treatment with COCl2 gives only 3c and not the corresponding isocyanate. If phosgene is replaced by oxalyl chloride and treated with 2c in a 1:1 molar ratio, (CF3S)3CC(O)NCO (4a) is formed. The urea derivative (CF3S)3CC(O)NHC(O)NHC(O)C(SCF3)3 (4b) is obtained either by using a 2:1 molar ratio of 2c and [C(O)Cl]2 or from 2c and 4a. Attempts to substitute (CF3S)2CHCO2H - after treatment with NaH in ether - with CF3SCl provides low yields of 2,4-bis[bis(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)methylene]-1,3-dithietane (5). X-ray structure analyses are performed for (CF3S)3CCN (3c) and the 1,3-dithietane 5.
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  • 144
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 2-Pyridylalkylphosphanes ; Hemilabile ligands ; Nickel complexes ; Palladium complexes ; Platinum complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Coordination Chemistry of Hemilabile P,N-Hybride Ligands with Terminal 2-Pyridyl Donor Groups*P,N-hybride ligands 1-7 containing terminal 2-pyridyl donor groups have been obtained by base-catalyzed addition of diphenylvinylphosphane or 2-vinylpyridine to primary or secondary phosphanes [2-Py-(CH2)2-PR′H (R′ = H, Ph), HMeP-(CH2)3-PMeH] or by alkylation of organolithium phosphides, R2P-(CH2)3-PMeLi or 2-Py-(CH2)2-PR′Li (R = Ph, iPr; R′ = H, Ph), with 2-(2-chloroethyl)pyridine or di-tert-butylphosphetanium bromide. Upon reaction with NiBr2 3 H2O or K2MCl4 (M = Pd, Pt) the phosphanes (L) of type 2-Py-(CH2)2-P(R′)-(CH2)m-PR2 (1, 3, 6) form square planar Ni(II), Pd(II), and Pt(II) complexes of composition MX2(L) (10-14). With NiBr2 and K2MX4 the tripod type phosphane 2 forms square pyramidal complexes [MX(2)]X (M = Ni, Pd; X = Cl, Br; 15, 16). An X-ray structural analysis of [NiBr(2)]+Br- (15) reveals a distorted square pyramidal coordination geometry at Ni(II), the 2-Py donor being in apical position with a long Ni—N bond [2.270(15) Å]. The tetradentate ligand 7 forms Ni(II), Pd(II), and Pt(II) complexes MX2(7) which for M = Pd, Pt show dynamic behaviour by exchange of the terminal Py donor groups. With [RhCl(COD)]2 the tridentate ligands L (1 and 3) yield complexes of composition RhCl(L) (20, 21). The structure of 20 has been determinated by X-ray diffraction. The ligand 3, acting in a tridentate manner, is coordinated to Rh(I) in a distorted square-planar arrangement with a normal Rh—N distance [2.145(3) Å].
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 145
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 519-523 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Calixarenes ; Friedel-Crafts reaction ; selective ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The para-acylation of calix[4]arene (2), calix[6]arene (3), and calix[8]arene (4) by Friedel-Crafts reaction with a wide variety of acyl chlorides leads to 5-7 in moderate to good yields. Friedel-Crafts reaction of 26,28-dimethoxycalix[4]arene (8) gave products 9 selectively disubstituted in the para-positions of phenol rings.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 146
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Copper(II) complexes, dinuclear ; Schiff bases, macrocyclic ; Redox properties ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Complexes with Macrocyclic Ligands, I. - Dinuclear Copper(II) Complexes with a Totally π-Conjugated Macrocycle of Schiff Base Type: Syntheses, Structures, Electro-, and Magnetochemical PropertiesThe dinuclear copper(II) complexes 6, 7, and 8 of three novel macrocyclic ligands were synthesized by the Schiff base condensation of 2 equiv. of 1,2-phenylenediamine and 2,6-diformylphenol in the presence of 2 equiv. of copper(II) perchlorate and were characterized by X-ray structure analyses, electrochemical investigations (DCV), and variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements. Complex 6 exists in two different solvated crystalline forms. The Copper(II) ions in all three complexes are octahedrally coordinated with long axial distances to solvent molecules or perchlorate ions. The copper ions in 6 (in solvate a) are only five-coordinate and square-pyramidal. The CuIICuII complexes were reduced in successive, quasi-reversible, one-electron steps. The antiferromagnetic exchange interactions were determined. Upon dissolution in acetonitrile complex 8 decomposed to form [Cu(MeCN)4]+ClO-4 and the benzimidazolium percholorate 9 (X-ray structure determination).
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 147
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 489-500 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Alkenes ; Nickel complexes ; Stannenes ; Metal-metal bonds ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: {Bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]stannio(II)}bis(η2-ethene)nickel(0) and Related Compounds, Part IIThe coordinatively unsaturated (16e) (ethene)nickel(0) stannylene complex (C2H4)2Ni=Sn{CH(SiMe3)2}2 (1) reacts with 1,6-heptadiene with preservation of the Ni=Sn bond to yield quantitatively the 1,6-diene derivative (η2,η2-C7H12)Ni=Sn-{CH(SiMe3)2}2 (2). The alkene ligands of both 1 and 2 are readily displaceable. Compounds 1 and 2 react with butadiene at -50°C by a 4-e oxidation of the metal-metal pair Ni(0)/Sn(II) to Ni(II)/Sn(IV) and concomitant reduction of two butadiene molecules to butenediyl moieties to afford stereo-selectively the 16-e complex Ni-cis-{η3(Ni),η1(Sn)-anti-C3H4CH2}2Sn{CH(SiMe3)2}2 (3). Similarly, the reaction of 1 or 2 with isoprene yields regio- and stereoselectively the derivative Ni-cis-{η3(Ni,η1(Sn)-anti-C3(3-Me)H3CH2}2Sn{CH-(SiMe3)2}2 (4). These reactions imply the cleavage of one formal Ni—Sn bond and the formation of two new Sn—C bonds. Upon reaction of 3 with PMe3 the configuration of the allyl system changes and, again fully stereoselectively, the 18-e addition compound (Me3P)Ni-cis-{η3(Ni),η1(Sn)-syn-C3H4-CH2}2Sn{CH(SiMe3)2}2 (5) is formed. When 5 is treated with BPh3, the phosphane ligand is trapped and, kinetically controlled, Ni-cis-{η3(Ni),η1(Sn)-syn-C3H4CH2}2Sn{CH(SiMe3)2}2 (6) is obtained as a stereoisomer of 3. At 40°C 6 slowly rearranges into the thermodynamically stable stereoisomer Ni-trans-{η3(Ni),η1(Sn)-syn-C3H4CH2}2Sn{CH(SiMe3)2}2 (7). Mild protolysis of 3 with pyridine hydrochloride or hydrobromide affords region and stereoselectively (Me3Si)2CH}2(X)SnNi-(η3-1-MeC3H4)(NC5H5) (X = C1, 8a; Br, 8b). In the course of this protonation reaction one butadiene molecule is eliminated, accompanied by a 2-e reduction of the metal-metal pair Ni(II)/Sn(IV) to Ni(II)/Sn(II) and, at the expense of two Sn—C bonds, reformation of a Ni—Sn bond. All compounds are isolated in high yield and fully characterized by 1H-, 13C-, and 31P-NMR spectroscopy.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 148
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 533-539 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Bissulfenyl chlorides ; fluoro substituted ; 1,3-Dithioles ; 1,3,2-Dithiazoles ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Halogen-Carbon-Sulfur Compounds: Syntheses with 1,1,1,4,4,4-Hexafluoro-2-butene-2,3-bissulfenyl ChlorideThe bifunctional bissulfenyl chloride 3 is obtained by chlorination of the dithiete 1 or tetrathiocine 2. By excessive chlorination the saturated bissulfenyl chloride 4 is formed. 3 reacts with primary amines to yield the 1,3,2-dithiazoles 5a-e, whereas by reactions with active methylene compounds like ketones or β-dicarbonyls the compounds 7-14 are obtained with HCl elimination. 13 as well as 14 are converted into the carboxylic acid 15 from which the 1,3-dithiole 17 is obtained by decarboxylation. 3 reacts with disulfene to form tetrakis-(trifluoromethyl)tetrathiafulvalene as well as 4,4′,5,5′-tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)-2,2′-spirobi[1,3-dithiole] (18), whose crystal structure has been determined.
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  • 149
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 959-963 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Rearrangements, thermal ; Propargyl-Cope reaction ; 1,5-Hexadiyne-3,4-diol ; Cyclobutene ; 3,4-diacetyl ; Fragmentations, retro-ene ; Tandem reactions ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The thermal behavior of meso- and d,1-3,4-dimethyl-1,5-hexadiyne-3,4-diol (meso- and d,1-4) has been studied at 400°C in the gas phase. In a tandem reaction the diols isomerize via the bisallenes 5 first to cis- and trans-3,4-diacetylcyclobutene (cis- and trans-8) which have been detected as intermediates by 13C-NMR spectroscopy as well as catalytic hydrogenation to 1,2-diacetylcyclobutane (9). Subsequently, 8 stabilizes itself by ring opening to (E,Z)- and (E,E)-3,5-octa-dien-2,7-dione (E,Z) and [(E,Z)-6]. As a side reaction retroene cleavage of 4 to 2-butynone (10) and methyl vinyl ketone (12) is observed. By pyrolysis of the pure diastereomers 4 it is shown that the retro-ene process is more pronounced in the d,l than in the meso series.
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  • 150
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 2373-2379 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chelating ligands ; Molybdenum complexes ; Peroxo complexes ; Catalysis ; Olefine epoxidation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Substituted N,N-Chelate Ligands - Applications in Molybdenum-Catalyzed Epoxidation of Olefins*Oxodiperoxomolybdenum complexes 4 of substituted 2-[3(5)-pyrazolyl]pyridines (2a-g) were synthesized in order to control the solubility of these complexes in organic solvents. Alkyl side chains (butyl, octyl, octadecyl) increase the solubility of the complexes and enable spectroscopic investigations in solution. Due to the symmetry of the ligands the peroxo complexes 4 appear in two isomeric forms, with the terminal oxo ligand in the trans position either to pyridine or to pyrazole. The latter isomer of (C5H4NC3H2N2CH2COOEt)MoO(O2)2 (4f) was characterized by an X-ray structure analysis. The alkyl-substituted peroxo complexes are active catalysts for the epoxidation of olefins with tert-butyl hydroperoxide.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 151
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Manganese complexes ; Insertion processes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mn(NO)2L2H complexes [L = PMe3 1a, PEt3 1b, P(OMe)3 1c, P(OEt)3 1d, P(OiPr)3 1e] have been prepared by the reaction of the corresponding Mn(NO)2L2Br compounds with NaBH4 in ethanol. The reactivity of 1a and 1b is compared to that of Mn(CO)3L2H species (L = PMe3 2a, L = PEt3 2b). Compound 1b reacts with weak acids like PhOH, (CF3)2CHOH and CH3COOH to yield Mn(NO)2(PEt3)2X complexes [X = OPh 3a, OCH(CF3)2 3b, OC(O)CH3 3c] and H2. Compound 2b does not undergo reaction with these acids. At room temperature in toluene 1a, b undergo facile CO2 insertion processes, while 2a, b do not show this reactivity even under more rigorous reaction conditions. From 1a, b and CO2 formato complexes Mn(NO)2L2[OC(O)H] (L = PMe3 4a, L = PEt3 4c) are obtained. The reaction of 1b with salicylaldehyde in toluene proceeds with the formation of a [2-(hydroxymethyl)-phenoxy]dinitrosylbis(triethylphosphane) manganese complex 5b, which exchanges the phenoxy ligand in the presence of excess of salicylaldehyde to give (2-formylphenoxy)-dinitrosylbis(triethylphosphane)manganese (6b) and α,2-dihydroxytoluene. p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanilline, and 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde and 1b also afford phenoxy derivatives Mn(NO)2(PEt3)2(OAr) [Ar = p-OC6H4-CHO 7a; OC6H3-2-OCH3-4-CHO 7b; OC6H2-2,6-(OCH3)2-4-CHO 7c] and H2. Compounds 2a, b do not react with any of these hydroxybenzaldehydes. Compounds 1a, b have been converted into Mn(NO)2L2 [(Z)-C(COOR′)≡C(R)H] species (L = PMe3, R = H, R′ = Me 8a; L = PEt3, R = H, R′ = Me 8b; L = PMe3 R, R′ = Me 9a; L = PMe3, R = Ph, R′ = Et 10a; L = PMe3, R = COOMe, R′ = Me 11a; L = PEt3, R = COOMe, R′ = Me 11b) in the presence of alkyl propiolates RC≡CCOOMe (R = H, Me, Ph, COOMe; R′ = Me, Et). Similarly, but under more rigorous conditions, insertion of RC≡CCOOMe (R = H, COOMe) into 2a, b occurs and α metalation products Mn(CO)3(PMe3)2[(Z)-C(COOMe) = CHR] (L = PMe3, R = H 12a; L = PEt3, R = H 12b; L = PMe3, R = COOMe 13a; L = PEt3, R = COOMe 13b) are formed. In the case of the methyl propiolate insertion into 2a, 10% of an additional β-metalation compound Mn(CO)3(PMe3)2[(Z)-CH = CH(COOMe)] (12c) have been detected spectroscopically. Compounds 11b and 13a, b have been transformed into manganacyclic complexes MN[C(COOMe)=CH(COOMe)]-(NO)2(PEt3)2 (14b) and MN[C(COOMe)=CH(COOMe)]-(CO)2L2 (L = PMe3 15a; L = PEt3, CO 15b; L = PEt3 15c). Compound 15c has been identified spectroscopically, and 1a, 8a, and 9a have been characterized by X-ray structure determinations.
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  • 152
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 2483-2488 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: vic-Dioximes ; N2O2 macrocycles ; Trinuclear complexes ; Pentanuclear complexation ; Tribenzo[b.h.l][1,10,4,7]dioxadiazacyclotetradecine derivatives ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The new vic-dioxime ligand 2 (LH4) carrying a 14-membered N2O2 macrocycle has been prepared. Mononuclear complex (LH3)2Ni, trinuclear complexes (LH)2Cu3, (LH)2Co3, (LH)2-Pd3, and (LH)2Co3(py)3Cl3, dinuclear complex (LH3)2-(UO2)2(OH)2, and pentanuclear complex [L2Cu5(phen)2]-(NO3)2 have been synthesized from LH4. The electrochemical properties of tri- and pentanuclear complexes were investigated by cyclic voltammetry. For (LH)2Cu3 two reduction waves appeared at 0.215 and -0.870 V. [L2Cu5(phen)2](NO3)2 exhibited four reduction waves at 0.200, -0.025, -0.670, and -1.170 V.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 153
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Uncharged auxiliary bases ; Triaminoiminophosphorane bases ; Deprotonation ; Hindered bases ; Polymeric bases ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis and properties of a number of very strong iminophosphorane bases up to an extremely high level of steric hindrance are described. They cover a range of ca. 4 pK units in basicity and a range of more than 11 orders of magnitude in their rates of methylation with methyl iodide. Most of the systems are readily prepared in up to molar quantities, conveniently recovered from their salts and are of high chemical and thermal stability. Crystal structures were determined in order to parametrize a force field, which is utilized in molecular modeling studies offering a rationalization of the observed differences in steric hindrance and basicity. Depending on the degree of steric protection of the basic center, these novel bases are proposed as unprecedented, versatile auxiliary bases in E2 eliminations and in reactions involving deprotonation in the presence of more or less strong electrophiles.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 154
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 1349-1353 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Isophosphaalkynes ; Transition metal complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Transition-Metal-Substituted Acylphosphanes and Phosphaalkenes, XXI.  -  Isophosphaalkynes as μ3-Ligands in Transition Metal ComplexesReaction of the μ-isophosphaalkyne complex (η5-C5H5)2 (CO)2(μ-CO)Fe2(μ-CPMes) (Mes = 2,4,6-Me3C6H2) (2a) with [(Z)-Cyclooctene]Cr(CO)5 or Fe2(CO)9 gives rise to the μ3-isophosphaalkyne complexes (η5-C5H5)2(CO)2(μ-CO)Fe2{μ-CP[M(CO)n]Mes} 3a [M(CO)n = Cr(CO)5] and 4a [M(CO)n = Fe(CO)4]. Similarly (η5-C5H5)2(CO)2(μ-CO)Fe2{μ-CP[Cr (CO)5]C6H2(CF3)3-2,4,6} (3d) is obtained. The metal carbonyl fragments are attached to 2 in a η1-fashion by the lone-pair at the phosphorus. In contrast to this the treatment of 2a with (Ph3P)2Pt(η2-C2H4) affords complex 5a in which 2a serves as an η3-3e ligand towards the PtPPh3 moiety. The molecular structures of 3a and 5a are determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis.
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  • 155
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 1355-1357 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Diphosphanylhydrazides ; Diphosphanes, dinitrogen-bridged ; Cycloplatinaphosphahydrazides ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: While the transition metal complexes of bis(phosphanyl)amines (PII-N-PIII) have been known for over three decades, the ligating properties of the next homologue PIII-N-N-PIII have been unprecedented so far. The X-ray structures of cycloplatinaphosphanehydrazides, [(OR)2PN(Me)N(Me)P(OR)2-PtCl2], reveal short distances for the P-N [1.639(5) Å] bonds.
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  • 156
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 1359-1362 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Silanes ; Siloxanes ; Si - C bond, selective cleavage ; Arylsilylmethanes ; Si,C,O single-source CVD precursor ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A synthetic route to partly silylated tetra(silyl)methanes (ArH2Si)nC(SiH3)4  -  n′ to their precursors (TfH2Si)nC-(SiH2Ar)4  -  n (Ar = p-tolyl, phenyl; Tf = CF3SO3; n = 3, 2, 1), and to 1,3-bis(trisilylmethyl)disiloxane [(H3Si)3CSiH2]2O (9) is reported. Starting from symmetrical tetrakis(arylsilyl)-methanes (aryl = p-tolyl, phenyl), we have obtained the selectively dearylated (arylsilyl)silylmethanes (ArH2Si)nC(SiH3)4  -  n (Ar = p-tolyl, phenyl; n = 3, 2, 1) by Si - Ar cleavage with equivalent quantities of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (triflic acid) and hydrogenation of the corresponding silyl triflates (TfH2Si)nC(SiH2Ar)4  -  n (n = 3, 2, 1) with LiAlH4. The synthesis of 9 has been accomplished by treating trisilyl(p-tolylsilyl)methane p-TolH2SiC(SiH3)3 (7) with stoichiometric amounts of triflic acid to give (trisilylmethyl)silyl triflate TfH2SiC(SiH3)3 (8) and hydrolysing the latter with water.
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  • 157
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 1363-1368 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 1,2-Diboroles, 2,5-dihydro- ; 1,3-Diboroles, 2,3-dihydro- ; Cobalt complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A New Approach to 1,2- and 1,3-DiboroleHerrn Prof. Dr. Joachim Knappe zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet.Diaminoborylation of 1,3-dilithiopropenes leads to the (Z)-1,3-bis(diaminoboryl)propenes 4a, b, which are transformed by an amine/chlorine exchange to the (Z)-1,3-bis(aminochloroboryl)propenes 5a, b. These react with sodium to yield the 2,5-dihydro-1H-1,2-diboroles 2c, d, whereas the reaction with potassium leads to the 2,3-dihydro-1H-1,3-diboroles 6a, b by rearrangement of the C3B2 skeleton. The constitutions of the heterocycles 2c, d and 6a, b are established by X-ray structure analyses. Reaction of the 1,2-diboroles 2c, d with (C5H5)Co(C2H4)2 leads to the red (1-borabutadiene)cobalt complexes 3c, d. In 3c a sigmatropic rearrangement is studied by NMR spectroscopy.
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  • 158
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Tungsten complexes ; Rhenium complexes ; Iron complexes ; Ruthenium complexes ; Osmium complexes ; Cobalt complexes ; Vinyl ; Cyclohexadienyl ; Cycloheptadienyl ; Cyclooctatrienyl ; Hydrocarbon-bridged complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Hydrocarbon-Bridged Complexes, XXX.  -  Nucleophilic Addition of Carbonylmetallates to Cationic Vinyl, Diene, Dienyl and Triene Complexes of Iron, Ruthenium and Cobalt: Di-, Tri-, Tetra- and Pentametallic Complexes with σ,σ- and σ,π-Hydrocarbon BridgesHerrn Professor Ekkehard Lindner zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.The reactions of [Re(CO)5]-, [Ru(CO)2Cp]-, and [Os(CO)4]2- with [Cp2(OC)2Fe2(μ-CO)(μ-η1:η2-CH=CH2)]+, [Cp*Ru(η2:η4-1,3,7-octatriene)]+, [(OC)Fe(η4-diene)(η5-cycloheptadienyl)]+, and [CpCo(η5-cyclodienyl)]+ give the nucleophilic adducts whereas with [Mn(CO)5]-, [W(CO)3Cp]-, and [Fe(CO)2Cp]- formation of the corresponding C-C coupling products and of the metal-metal-bonded dimers is observed. The structures of Cp*Ru(μ-η1:η2:η3-1,5-octadienyl)Re(CO)5 (4), [Cp* Ru(μ-η1:η2:η3-1,5-octadienyl)]2Os(CO)4 (6), and of (OC)-Fe(η4-1,3-cyclohexadiene) (μ-η1:η4-1,3-cycloheptadiene)Re(CO)5 (9) have been determined by X-ray diffraction.
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  • 159
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 1379-1385 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Hydrotris(triazolyl)borate ; metal complexes ; Chelate ligands ; Clathrates ; Magnetochemistry ; Spin crossover ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The bis[hydrotris(1,2,4-triazolyl)borate]metal complexes [M{HB(C2H2N3)3}2] with M = Fe (5), Co (6), Cu (7), Zn (8) are obtained from MX2 and K[HB(C2H2N3)3] (9). The complexes are characterized by IR, UV/Vis, and MS. Temperature-variable magnetic measurements show a Curie-Weiss behavior for the paramagnetic complexes 6 and 7 with a temperature-dependent magnetic moment for 6. The iron complex 5 exhibits a spin crossover from diamagnetic to paramagnetic, starting at around 270 K. Single-crystal X-ray structures of the solvates 7 · 4 CH3OH and 9 · 2 H2O have been determined. The structure of 7 · 4 CH3OH shows the Jahn-Teller distorted copper complex 7 surrounded by methanol molecules through hydrogen bonding to exocyclic nitrogen atoms of the tris(1,2,4-triazolyl)borate ligand. The crystal system for 7 · 4 CH3OH is monoclinic, space group P21/n. Compound 9 · 2 H2O is a one-dimensional coordination polymer with the potassium atom bridged by the water molecules and the tris(1,2,4-triazolyl)borate ligand and crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Ccm21.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 160
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 1489-1493 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Conjugate alkylation ; Trimethylaluminium ; Copper catalysis ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The conjugate methylation of α,β-unsaturated ketones with trimethylaluminium occurs smoothly in a very simple procedure under the catalytic effect of Cu1 salts. Scope and limitations of this process as well as the influence of solvent and catalyst on the kinetics were studied. In addition, the effect of chlorotrimethylsilane as an additive was investigated. Attack on the carbonyl group in 1,2-fashion could not be observed under the reaction conditions.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 161
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 1,2,3,4-Tetrazines ; 2H-Cyclopenta[e]-1,2,3,4-tetrazines ; Azodiazo-tetrazino isomerism ; Ketene imines ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 2-aryl-2H-cyclopenta[e]-1,2,3,4-tetrazines 3a-n are formed by coupling of the diazocyclopentadienes 1a and 1b with arenediazonium salts and subsequent reversible electrocyclization of the primary coupling products 2a-n. From the solutions of the equilibrium mixtures of 2a ⇌ 3a - 2n ⇌ 3n the tetrazines 3a-d, h-k and the arylazo-diazocyclopentadienes 2e-g and 21-n crystallize. The 2-methyl-2H-cyclopenta[e]-1,2,3,4-tetrazines 3o and 3p are obtained by addition of methyllithium to 1a and 1b followed by a diazo transfer reaction and cyclization. In solutions of 3o and 3p the ring-opened isomers 2o and 2p could not be detected. X-ray analyses of 3h and 3p prove their bicyclic planar geometry in the solid state. 15N-NMR and temperature-dependent 1H-NMR spectroscopy have enabled a detailed study of the reversible ring closure reaction in the case of 2d ⇌ 3d. Reaction of 2-phenyl-2H-cyclopenta[e]-1,2,3,4-tetrazine (3b) with tetrafluoroboric acid results in the formation of the protonated monocyclic salt 4. Furthermore 3b undergoes electrophilic substitution reactions preferably at C-7, as demonstrated by bromination, formylation, and trifluoroacetylation. Photolysis of solutions of 2i/3i, 2k/3k, and 21/31 leads to the ketene imines 11a-c. The structure of 11c has been determined by X-ray crystallography.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 162
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 1627-1632 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Triarylmethane dye ethynylogues ; Trifluoromethyl group ; Triphenylmethane dyes ; Photostability ; Absorption spectra ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Triarylmethane dye ethynylogues 7′- 11′ containing trifluoromethyl group(s) are synthesized in moderate to good yields by treating 1,1,3-triaryl-2-propyn-1-ols, prepared from diaryl ketones and lithium arylacetylides bearing trifluoromethyl group(s), with perchloric acid. The first absorption bands of a series of triarylmethane dye ethynylogues containing trifluoromethyl group(s) 11′ are observed around 700 nm. The photostability of the triarylmethane dyes is also examined.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 163
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 1699-1706 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Aziridines, 2-imino-, chiral, non-racemic ; Imidoyl halides, 2-halo ; Imidates, 2-chloro ; 1,3,2-Thiazaphos-pholidines ; Amidines, 2-halo ; 1,3-Elimination, inversion of configuration in ; E/Z Diastereomerization ; [2 + 1] Cycloreversion, kinetics of thermal ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 2-halo imidoyl chlorides 7 are obtained from the amide 5 and the 2-halo amides 6 by the action of phosphorus pentachloride and thionyl chloride, respectively. Non-racemic (S)-6a is converted into 7a which is racemic, however. The reaction of Lawesson's reagent with 6a furnishes the diaste-reomeric 1,3,2-thiazaphospholidine derivatives 15. Treatment of (S)-6a (98% ee) with methyl triflate affords 2-chloro imidate 8 (95% ee) which reacts with methanamine in the presence of methanammonium chloride to yield the 2-chloro amidine (S)-9a (90% ee). The 2-halo imidoyl halides 7a and b react with methanamine to produce the 2-halo amidines 9a and b.  -  Strong bases, e.g. potassium tert-butoxide or sodium hydride in the presence of catalytic amounts of tert-butyl alcohol, eliminate hydrogen chloride or bromide from the 2-halo amidines 9a and b and (S)-9ato yield mixtures of the 2-iminoaziridines (E)- and (Z)-4, and (E,R)- and (Z,R)-4 (83% ee), respectively. The 1,3-elimination of hydrogen bromide from 9b is diastereoselective at -30 to -40° [(E)-4:(Z)-4 = 〈10:〉90]. The diastereomers equilibrate at 36° with (kEZ + kZE) = (5.92 ± 0.08) . 10-5 s-1 (K = kEZ/kZE = 0.428 ± 0.013). - The thermolysis of (E)- and (Z)-4 in [D6]benzene solution yields the imine 16 and methyl isocyanide (17). The decomposition follows the first-order rate law. The following Arrhenius and Eyring parameters are calculated from five rate constants obtained in the temperature range of 70-110°: Ea = (115.2 ± 0.4) kJmol-1, IgA = (12.06 ± 0.28), δH
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  • 164
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 1729-1733 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Pyrazoles ; Aminyls, heterocyclic ; Pyrazolo[1,5-a]benzimidazoles ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Free Radical Reactions of N-Heterocyclic Compounds, XIV[1]. - Oxidative Cyclization of Anilinopyrazoles to Pyrazolo[1,5-a]benzimidazolesHerrn Professor Christoph Rüchardt zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet.Substituted Anilinopyrazoles 1 were oxidized by dibenzoyl peroxide or lead(IV) oxide. Different oxidation products were isolated depending on the substituents in the anilino group of anilinopyrazoles 1. Intermediate pyrazolyl radicals 5, which could be trapped by triphenylmethyl or phenoxyl radicals, undergo cyclization reaction with formation of pyrazolo[1,5-a]benzimidazoles 4. The structures of compounds 4 were proven by 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, 15N labeling and transformation of 4e to the betain 7e.
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  • 165
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 1735-1745 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: [18]Annulenes ; Liquid crystals, discotic ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Triphenanthro-Anellated [18]Annulenes with Alkoxy Side Chains - A Novel Class of Discotic Liquid CrystalsTwo different types 6 and 16 of [18]annulenes condensed with phenanthrene systems were prepared by cyclocondensation reactions (Schemes 2 and 3). The central 18-membered rings do not show a macrocyclic diamagnetic ring current. Conformational analyses and X-ray analyses in the solid state reveal non-planar structures in which aromatic “islands” are connected by (E)-configurated olefinic bridges. The introduction of long alkoxy side chains yields a new class of discotic liquid crystals; either ND or hexagonal columnar phases are generated, which were characterized by DSC, microscopy with polarized light, and small-angle scanning X-ray.
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  • 166
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 1761-1764 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Mannich reaction ; α-Aminoalkylation ; Ketene acetals, O-silylated ; Amino nitriles ; Diastereoselectivity ; Ik Addition ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: LiClO4 Induced One Pot Three-Component Aminoalkylation of AldehydesLiClO4-mediated one-pot reaction of isobutyraldehyde (1) or benzaldehyde (5) with (trimethylsilyl)dialkylamines 2 and C nucleophiles such as O-silylated ketene acetals 3, 6, allyl Grignard, lithium (trimethylsilyl)acetylide, triinethylsilyl cyanide, and diethylzinc afforded in high yields the corresponding aminoalkylation products 4 and 7-13. The lithium enolate of cyclohexanone adds in 5 M LiClO4 solution in an Ik manner to the corresponding mannich base (19, 20) with good yield.
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  • 167
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    Keywords: Anthracenes ; Oxyallyl cations ; Ketones, α,α'-oligobromo- ; Dibenzohomobarrelenes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Sonication of a zinc/copper couple, N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)-acetamide (BSA) and α,α'-oligobromo ketones in benzene gives rise to oxyallyl intermediates which cycloadd to anthracene. Starting from 1,1,3,3-tetrabromoacetone (2a) and anthracene (1a), we obtained 11,11,13-tribrominated adduct 4 as the major product (42%). The expected 11,13-dibrominated adduct trans-3 was formed as a minor product (5%), but it became the main product when the known oxyallyl methodology was applied. Dibenzohomobarrelenes 9 and 17 were prepared by short routes.
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  • 168
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 1747-1753 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Isomerization, thermal ; Radicals ; D-Labeling ; 1,5-Hexadiyne ; Pentafulvene ; Rearrangement, homoallyl ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thermal Rearrangements, XXIII[1].  -  The Thermogram of a C6H6 Chemistry in the Temperature Range from 450 to 730°CThe thermal isomerization of 1,5-hexadiyne (1) and its [1,6-D2]-labeled derivative (1a) was studied in the temperature range 450-730°C and in the presence of different carrier gases (N2, H2, D2, N2/toluene). By detailed analysis (GC, GC MS, NMR) all volatile reaction products were identified and determined quantitatively by using hexafluorobenzene as an internal standard. The experimental data show clearly that the reaction products are formed by two different routes: (i) electrocyclization leading to dimethylene cyclobutene (3) at temperatures up to about 600°C and (ii) radical reaction leading to benzene (4) and pentafulvene (5) at temperatures above 550°C. Cyclopentadienylmethyl radicals are supposed to be the essential radical intermediates.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 1765-1779 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Diradicals ; NO and O2 trapping ; Heat of formation ; Energy well ; Rearrangments ; Bergman cyclisation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Energy Well of Diradicals, V[1].  -  1,3,5-Cyclohexatriene-1,4-diyl and 2,4-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-diylThe energy profile of the Bergman rearrangement of (Z)-3-hexene-1,5-diyne (4) has been established from the NO and oxygen dependance of the trapping rate of the intermediate diradical 1 which leads to a heat of formation for 1,4-didehy-drobenzene (1) of δHOf= 138.0 ± 1.0 kcal . morl-1. By the same technique the heat of formation of 1,2,4-cyclohexatriene (2), generated by thermolysis of (Z)-1,3-hexadien-5-yne (10), gives δHOf = 105.1 ± 1.0 kcal . mol-1 which indicates a high diradical character for 2.
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  • 170
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 1797-1798 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Titanocenes ; Fulvenes ; Solvent effect ; Ketyls ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: On the Reaction of Bis(trimethylphosphane)titanocene with KetonesFulvenes are the products of the reaction of aliphatic and aromatic ketones with bis(trimethylphosphane)titanocene in nonpolar solvents, but no formation of pinacols is observed. The mechanism is discussed.
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  • 171
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 1781-1795 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Resonance energy ; Stabilisation energy ; Propargyl resonance ; Force field calculation ; Intrinsic rotational barrier ; Single pulse shock tube ; Gasphase kinetics ; Heats of hydrogenation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Propargyl Stabilisation EnergyFor the alkynyl-substituted olefines 1-14 activation parameters for the geometrical isomerisation have been determined in the gasphase by the single-pulse shoke-tube technique. By comparison of these barriers with the corresponding one of the isolated double bonds, each corrected by the steric energy contribution of the ground and transition state, a value of 7.8 ± 1.3 kcal · mol-1 for the propargyl stabilisation energy (PrSE) has been derived.
    Additional Material: 11 Tab.
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  • 172
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 1799-1802 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: as-Triazinium salt, fused ; Ring opening ; Ring transformation Heteroaromaticity ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ring transformation of the tricyclic furo-fused as-triazinium salt 1 in the presence of nucleophilic reagents (e.g. sodium hydrogensulfide, sodium salts of malonic ester, ethyl cyanoacetate, acetylacetone, dimedone, or malononitrile) leads to the two new heteroaromatic ring systems thieno[2,3-e]pyrido[1,2-b]-as-triazinium salt (5) and differently substituted cyclopenta[e]pyrido[1,2-b]-as-triazine compounds (8, 9, 10, 11, and 13).
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  • 173
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 1803-1806 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Singlet carbenes ; [4 + 1] Cycloadditions ; 1,2,4,5-Tetrazines ; SEAr reactions, intramolecular ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Wanzlick Carbenes in the [4 + 1] Cycloaddition Reaction with Bis(methylthio)- and Bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazineThe 3,6-disubstituted 1,2,4,5-tetrazines 3 and 4 have been submitted to a [4 + 1] cycloaddition reaction with the nucleophilic singlet carbenes (Wanzlick carbenes) 2a-d, which are generated from the precursors 1a-d. With 3 as diazadiene the expected spiro compounds 6a-d are formed. In contrast to this presumed two-step reaction sequence of 3, with the tetrazine 4 the cascade cycloaddition/cycloelimination is surprisingly followed by an intramolecular electrophilic aromatic substitution to yield the chiral tetracyclic compounds of type 8 with high diastereoselectivity. The crystal structure of 8d has been determined by X-ray diffraction methods.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. A-105 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 175
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 1811-1813 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Vinylferrocene ; Palladium-catalyzed couplin ; (Ferrocenylvinyl)arenes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: (Ferrocenylvinyl)arenes 3, 5, and 7 are obtained from vinylferrocene (1) and substituted aromatic and heteroaromatic halides by palladium-catalyzed Heck-type reactions. Up to three ferrocene units are introduced in one step by the multi-fold reaction of 1,2-dibromo- (4) or 1,3,5-tribromobenzene (6) with 1. The first crystal structure of a bis(ferrocenylvinyl)benzene chromophore (5) is reported.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 1807-1810 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Gas-phase organometallic chemistry ; Bond activation, C-H, C-C ; Coupling reactions, C-C ; Lanthanide cations ; Benzene complexes ; Butadiene complexes ; FT MS ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The cationic butadiene and benzene complexes CeC4H6+ and CeC6H6+ are the main products in the reaction of thermalized Ce+ ions with propene in the gas phase, as shown by FT MS. Following the formation of the primary products, i.e. CeCH2+ and CeC3H4+, selective C-C coupling processes at the lanthanide cation occur as secondary reactions with high efficiency. Ligand-exchange reactions and comparative collision-induced dissociation experiments are applied to probe the structures of the final reaction products of this first example of Ce+ gas-phase chemistry. The reaction of Ce+ with cyclopropane yields a product distribution very similar to the propene reaction; however, it reacts significantly slower. Furthermore, La+ reacts in nearly the same manner with propene as Ce+ which indicates that the single f electron in the latter ion is chemically inert.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 1837-1842 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Tripod ligand synthesis ; Oxetane cleavage ; Phosphane-Boranes ; Chiral neopentyl system ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chiral Tripod Ligands: A New Synthetic Route to Chiral C1-symmetrical Neopentyltris(phosphane) Ligands H3CC[CH2P(Ra)2][CH2P(Rb)2][CH2P(Rc)2]A novel synthesis of chiral tripod ligands H3CC[CH2P-(Ra)2][CH2P(Rb)2][CH2P(Rc)2] (6) containing three different donor groups at their neopentyl backbone is described. The key intermediates H3CC[CH2P(Ra)2][CH2P(Rb)2](CH2OH) (3) are easily obtained starting from pentaglycerine, H3CC-(CH2OH)3, via the oxetanes (2) following published procedures. The compounds 3, after protection of the phosphane functions by BH3 {formation of H3CC[CH2P(Ra)2BH3][CH2P(Rb)2BH3](CH20H) (4)} are transformed into the mesylates H3CC[CH2P(Ra)2BH3][CH2P-(RB)2BH3](CH20Ms) (5), which upon reaction with KP(Rc)2 and deprotection with morpholine gives fair yields of racemic 6. The synthetic route described is thus a valuable and efficient alternative to a recently published procedure, based on H3CC(CH2CI)(CH2Br)(CH20S02CF3) as the key intermediate. The compounds 2-6 are obtained in analytically pure form and are fully characterised by spectroscopic data.
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  • 179
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    Keywords: Metal(II) complexes mono- and dinuclear ; Schiff bases, macrocyclic ; Redox properties ; Superexchange interactions of d9 systems ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Complexes with Macrocyclic Ligands, III[1]. - Mono- and Dinuclear Macrocyclic Transition Metal Complexes of Ligands of Schiff Base Type: Syntheses, Structures, Electro- and Magnetochemical Properties.Four new mononuclear metal(II) complexes (4a-d) of a macrocyclic ligand derived from the Schiff base condensation of 2 equiv. of 1,2-phenylenediamine (3a) and 5-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-1,3-benzenedicarbaldehyde (2) were synthesized and the cobalt complex 4b characterized by X-ray structure analysis. Reaction of 1,2-diamino-3,4,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene (3b) with the dicarbaldehyde 2 in the presence of Mn(ClO4)2 or Co(ClO4)2 leads to the novel metal-free macrocyce 6 (X-ray structure determination). The macrocycle 6 and Cu(ClO4)2 yield the new dinuclear copper complex 8, the structure of which was also determined by X-ray diffraction. The copper-(II) ions in 8 have a distorted square-pyramidal coordination by the four donor atoms of the macrocycle and an apical acetonitrile ligand. The Cu…Cu distance is 318.1 pm, and the two Cu(II) ions show only a small antiferromagnetic exchange interaction of J= -41 cm-1. Another new dinuclear Cu(II) complex (10) of a macrocyclic ligand derived from the Schiff base condensation of 2,2′-diaminooctafluorobiphenyl (9) and dicarbaldehyde 2 was synthesized and characterized by X-ray structure analysis, electrochemical investigations (DCV), and variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements. One copper ion in complex 10 is five-coordinate (square-pyramidal), the other one six-coordinate (distorted octahedral). The Cu…Cu distance is 301.5 pm and the antiferromagnetic coupling J= -774 cm-1.
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 1843-1849 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Amine-Diboroxanes, bicyclic ; 1,2-Deaminoboration, intramolecular ; Deoxyboration ; Allyl-aminoboranes, organosubstituted, rearrangement ; C-Borylation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Rearrangement and Degradation of Bicyclic Amine-Tetraalkyldiboroxanes[1]The amine-tetraalkyldiboroxanes [1a: R1,4,7,7′ = Et; 1b: R1,4,7 = Et, R7′ = Ph; 1b′: R4,7,7′ = Et,R1 = Ph; 1c: R1,7,7′ = Et, R4 = Ph] react on heating by EtBO elimination and allylborane rearrangement to yield the allyl-aminoboranes Me2NB(Et)CH2C(R4)=C(R7,7′) [2a: R4,7,7′ = Et; 2b/2b′: R4 = Et, R7,7′ = Et, Ph; 2c: R4 = Ph, R7,7′ = Et]: On heating above 60°C the diastereomeric syn/anti-Id/1d′(Id: R1,7 = C8H14, R4,7′ = Et; 1d′: R1,7′ = C8H14, R4,7 = Et) give the unsaturated rac-amino-trialkyldiboroxane (rac-3) (X-ray structure analysis) by intramolecular 1,2-deaminoboration. rac-3 is characterized by reaction with (Et2BH)2 and (Et2BD)2 with formation of the 1,2,6-oxadiborinane 5 by evolution of H2 or HD respectively. The intramolecular CH-borylation of rac-3 is compared with those of the thujopsen hydrocarbons I-III.
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  • 181
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 1827-1835 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Imido complexes, organometallic ; Molybdenum complexes ; Tungsten complexes ; Alkene complexes ; Alkyne complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Highervalent Derivatives of the d-Metal Acids, 14[1].  -  Diimido Complexes [M(NR)2(PMe3)2(L)] of Tetravalent Molybedenum and Tungsten: Structure, Molecular Dynamics, and Activation of π-Acidic Ligands[M(NMes)2Cl2(dme)] (M = Mo 1, W 2; Mes = mesityl) or the trans-phosphane complexes [M(NMes)2(PMe3)2Cl2] (3, 4) are reduced by C8K in the presence of PMe3 to give diamagnetic d2 complexes [Mo(NMes)2(PMe3}3] (5) and [W(NMes)2-(PMe3)3] (6). At least one PMe3 ligand in 5 and 6 is readily substituted by more π-acidic substrates such as ethene, ethyne, 2-butyne, and P(OEt)3. The reaction with ethene leads to [Mo(NMes)2(η2-C2H4)(PMe3)2] (7) and [W(NMes)2-(η2-C2H4)(PMe3)2] (8). Furthermore, pentacoordinate complexes [Mo(NMes)2(η2-C2Me2)(PMe3)2] (9), [W(NMes)2(η2-C2H2)(PMe3)2] (10), and [W(NMes)2(PMe3){P(OEt)3)2] (11) have been synthesized from 5 or 6. The X-ray structure analysis of 8 reveals a trigonal-bipyramidal geometry about tungsten with both arylimido groups perfectly lying in the equatorial mirror plane. The ethene ligand is occupying the third equatorial position. The C2 vector is oriented perpendicular to the WN2 plane. Dynamic NMR studies are consistent with a tbp geometry being also present in solution at the low-temperature limit. At higher temperatures a rapid exchange of the PMe3 ligands with noncoordinated phosphane according to a dissociative mechanism is observed.
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  • 182
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 1865-1870 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Sulfane, bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)amino]-, reaction with mixtures of tellurium-containing chalcogen halides ; 1,3,4λD4,2,5-Trichalcogenadiazoles, 4,4-dihalogeno- ; 1,3,4λD3,2,5-Trichalcogenadiazolium salts, 4-halogeno ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Preparation and Characterisation of Five-Membered Tellurium-Containing Chalcogen-Nitrogen Ring Systems  -  Structure of [ClTeNSNS+]2[Cl-][AsF-6]The reaction of [(Me3Si)2N]2S with TeX4/SeCl4- or TeX4/SCl2 mixtures leads to the formation of covalent five-membered and , respectively. Treatment of 2a and 2b with Ag+Y- (Y- = BF-4, AsF-6, SbF-6) in liquid SO2 provides the cationic ring systems and 3d-f (X = Br). If the solvent is CH2Cl2 the double salts and 4d-f (X = Br) are obtained. The structure of has been determined by X-ray crystallography. The selenium-containing five-membered ring systems are accessible by reaction of AgAsF6 with 1a and 1c, respectively.
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  • 183
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 1871-1875 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Oxidation by HOF ; Hypofluorous acid ; Addition compounds of HOF and HF with acetonitrile ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Oxidation Reactions with HOF and Adducts of HOF and HF with AcetonitrileIn acetonitrile solution HOF oxides CF3SSCF3 via CF3S(O)nSCF3 (n = 1, 2) to yield [CF3S(O)2]2O. Analogously, CF3Se(O)OH and CF3SeX (X = Cl, Br) are oxidized via CF3Se(VI) intermediates to provide finally [CF3Se(O)2]2O. With CH3CN at low temperatures HOF and HF form 1:1 adducts, whose structures have been elucidated by low-temperature X-ray structure analysis. Additional proof for the formation of CH3CN · HF in the liquid phase is provided.
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  • 184
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 1887-1889 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Borazine, molecular packing, difference electron density maps ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The molecular and solid-state structure of borazine has been determined at 115 and 160 K by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The molecular structure has C2 symmetry with small deviations from the expected D3h symmetry. The mean value of the BN bond length is 1.429(1) A and the interbond angles of the six-membered ring are 117.1(1)° at the boron atoms and 122.9(1)° at the nitrogen atoms (mean values). Similar to benzene an unambiguous assignment of the molecular symmetry is not possible.  -  The crystal packing is not comparable to any known phase of benzene, and surprisingly the molecules are not stacked having coplanar rings. Instead, the molecules are found in tilted layers. No significant intermolecular interaction could be detected. The generated difference electron density maps show the typical distribution pattern for polar bonds.
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  • 185
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 1891-1894 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 1,2-Azaboroles, phosphanyl-substituted, X-ray structure analysis ; Thallium-, 1,2-azaborolyl- ; Stereoselectivity ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1,2-Azaborolyl Complexes, XXX[1].  -  Phosphanyl-Substituted 1,2-Azaboroles1-tert-Butyl-2-methyl-1,2-azaborolyllithium (LiAb, 1) and TlCl equilibrate at -75°C in THF under action of light to TlAb (2) and LiCl. Compound 2 decomposes above -50°C with elimination of thallium and the neutral isomers 1-tert-butyl-2,5-dihydro-2-methyl-1H-1,2-azaborole and 1-tert-bu-tyl-2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-1H-1,2-azaborole. Whilst 1 reacts with Ph2PCl in only very small amounts to give the expected Ph2P-substituted azaborole ring 3, TlAb (2) forms this compound by reaction with Ph2PCl in high yields. The yellow oily 3 is characterized by 1H-; 11B-, 13C-, and 31P-NMR data. The Me3Si-substituted derivative 1-tert-butyl-3-(diphenyl-phosphanyl)-2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-3-(trimethylsilyl)-1H-1,2-azaborole (5), available via 4, the Li salt of 3, and ClSiMe3, forms yellow crystals which could be used for an X-ray structure analysis. As expected, the Ph2P and Me3Si groups substitute the boron neighboring C3 atom of the planar ring framework. The crystal structure of 5 shows the two expected enantiomers.
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  • 186
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 1895-1900 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Tin, diorganyl-, bis(maltolate) ; Tin, butyl-, tris(maltolate) ; Tin, tributyl-, maltolate ; Tin, dichloro-, bis(mal-tolate) ; Maltolates, tin ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of organotin(IV) maltol complexes R4  -  xSnLx (1-4, 6; x = 1-3) and the dichloro-compound Cl2SnL2 (5) have been prepared and characterized on the basis of their IR-, 1H-, 13C- and 119Sn-NMR data. While an X-ray crystal structure analysis of Ph2SnL2 (4) and Cl2SnL2 (5) reveals distorted cis-octahedral structures, the Me2SnL2 molecule (2) adopts a skew-trapezoidal bipyramidal configuration with a very significant difference in the Sn-O(keto) bond distances. The tris-maltol complex BuSnL3 (6) exhibits a distorted pentagonal-bipyramidal geometry with the butyl carbon and a hy-droxy oxygen constituting the axial orientations.
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  • 187
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 1877-1886 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Alkynes, (triphenylstannyl)- ; Rhodium(I) complexes, vinylidene ; Rhodium(III) complexes, alkynyl(hydrido)-and bis(alkynyl)hydrido- ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaction of [RhCl(PiPr3)2]n (1) with stannylalkynes RC≡CSnPh3 [R = H, Me, Ph, CH2OH, CH2OMe, CMe2OH, CH(Me)OH, CH(Ph)OH, SiMe3, SnPh3] gives the vinylidenerhodium(I) complexes trans-[RhCl(=C=C(SnPh3)R)(PiPr3)2] (2a-j) in good to excellent yields. These compounds react with protic acids to give trans-[RhCl(=C=CHR)(PiPr3)2] and, for R = CH(Ph)OH, to give the allenylidene complex trans-[RhCl(=C=C=CHPh)-(PiPr3)2] (5). On treatment of 2b-j with PhHgCl, the heterodimetallic compounds [Rh(C≡C̊)(HgPh)Cl(PiPr3)2] (6a-i) are formed. The bis(alkynyl)rhodium(III) complexes [RhH(C≡CSi-Me3)(C≡CSnPh3)(py)(PiPr3)2] (9) and [Rh(C≡CSiMe3)(C≡C—CH2OMe)(SnPh3)(PiPr3)2] (10) are prepared from trans-[Rh-(C≡CSiMe3)(L)(PiPr3)2] (7, 8, L = py, C2H4) and HC≡CSnPh3 or Ph3SnC≡CCH2OMe, respectively. The crystal and molecular structures of trans-[RhCl(=C=C(SnPh3)CH2OMe)(PiPr3)2] (2e) and [Rh(C≡CCH2OMe)(HgPh)Cl(PiPr3)2] (6d) have been determined.
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  • 188
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 2043-2049 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Thianthrene radical cation salt ; Crystallization ; Calculations ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Structures and Molecular Properties of Charge-Perturbed Molecules, 53[1,2].  -  Thianthrene Radical Cation TetrachloroaluminateOne-electron oxidation of thianthrene, which exhibits a reversible half-wave potential at + 1.3 V and an irreversible one at + 1.65 V, under aprotic conditions with AlCl3/H2CCl2 yields the violet radical cation salt [H4C6S2C6H4⊕][AlCl4⊖]. Its single-crystal structure analysis at 90 K reveals an interplanar angle between the phenyl rings of 174° and demonstrates that the neutral sulfur heterocyclic molecule, bent by 128°, is considerably flattened upon one-electron removal. Semiempirical enthalpy of formation hypersurfaces allow to rationalize the experimental results by a double-minimum potential for the bent neutral molecule with a rather low inversion barrier and a single minimum one for a planar radical cation. Other radical cation properties such as the spin distribution deduced from its ESR spectrum or the visible absorption maxima near \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \tilde \nu $\end{document} = 11000 and at 18250 cm-1 corresponding to π → π* and π → σ* transitions are also satisfactorily reproduced by PM3 calculations partly including configuration interaction based on the experimental structure.
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  • 189
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: C-C Bond cleavage, energetics and kinetics of ; Radicals, stability of ; ESR ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The thermal cleavage of the central CC bonds in the title compounds was investigated. The activation parameters were obtained from kinetics and the equilibrium enthalpies and entropies from the temperature dependence of the equilibrium radical concentrations, determined by quantitative ESR. ΔH≠ and ΔHDiss are nearly identical but not ΔS≠ and ΔSDiss, as expected. The radical stabilisation enthalpies RSE obtained from these data (RSE: 7a = 17.9 ± 1.3; 7b = 15.6 ± 1.4 kcal/mol) correspond closely to twice the RSE of α-phenylethyl radicals (8.0 ± 1.5 kcal/mol) determined previously. The smaller RSE of the benzhydryl radical (12.9 ± 0.9 kcal/ mol), therefore, must be due to its nonplanarity.
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  • 190
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 73-80 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 1,2-Azaborolylboranes ; Iron complexes ; Sandwich complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1,2-Azaborolyl Complexes, XXIX[1].  -  Synthesis and Properties of 1,2-AzaborolylboranesThe Li salts of variously substituted 1,2-azaboroles 1a-1c react with numerous halogenoboranes to give the corresponding mono(1,2-azaborol-3-yl)boranes 2-12. In the case of 11, which is substituted by SiMe3 at C-3, 2,5-dihydro isomers can be observed as intermediates by NMR spectroscopy with a B(Cl)NMe2 group at C-5 and the SiMe3 substituent either at C-4 (11a) or at C-3 (11b). The thermodynamically stable final product 11 is probably formed from 11b via an allylic transition state. The X-ray structure analysis of 11 at ca. 0°C proves the suggested structure. The first and only example of a bis(1,2-azaborol-3-yl)borane 13 was realized by the reaction of (1-tert-butyl-2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-1H-1,2-azaborol-3-yl)-chloro(dimethylamino)borane (3) with 1-tert-butyl-2-methyl-1,2-azaborolyllithium (1a). The X-ray structure analysis of bis(1-tert-butyl-2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-1H-1,2-azaborol-3-yl)-(dimethylamino)borane (13) shows one of the two NMR-spectroscopically observed diastereoisomers with perpendicularly oriented azaborolyl rings. Two iron sandwich complexes were synthesized; 15 is formed via 1-tert-butyl-3-[bis(dimethylamino)boryl]-2-methyl-1,2-azaborolyllithium (14) and FeCl2, whereas the ClB-substituted sandwich complex 16 results from the reaction of 15 with BCl3.
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  • 191
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 87-90 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: nido-Azadecaborane(12) ; closo-Azadodecaborane(12) ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A Novel Access to the Icosahedral closo NB11 SkeletonAt 200°C, the open skeleton of NB9H12 is closed to the icosahedral skeleton of NB11H10Y (3) by the action of three equivalents of Et3N · BH3, whereby one equivalent forms a bridge Y = —BH2—NEt2—CH2—CH2— between the adjacent cluster atoms N1 and B2; the product 3 crystallizes in the space group P¯. With L · BH3 (L = NMe3, SMe2) instead of Et3N · BH3, the nido-borane NB9H12 is transformed into the closo-borane (LBH2)NB11H11 (4a, b) at 140°C. By allowing tBuNH2 to react with 4b, the N-bonded ligand Me2SBH2 is removed with formation of the aza-closo-dodecaborate [t BuNH3] [NB11H11], thus opening a new route to closo-NB11H12.
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  • 192
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 93-95 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Decaborane ; 1-Phosphabutin, 3,3-dimethyl ; Bis(decaboranyl)methane ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaction of Decaborane with the Phosphaalkyne PC tBuThe borane B10H12(SMe2)2 (1) reacts with the phosphaalkyne P°CtBu to form the product [B10H11(SMe2)][C(tBu)-PH](B10H12) (2), in which two B10 units are linked by a HP-CtBu bridge. The B10 unit B is simply bound to the bridge C atom, whereas the B10 unit A is bound to both bridging atoms, P and C, by atom B6 and, moreover, to the P atom by atom B5. The solvate complex 2 · CH2Cl2 crystallizes in the space group P¯.
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  • 193
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 113-117 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Phthalocyanines ; dienophilic and enophilic ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of Dienophilic and Enophilic PhthalocyaninesFrom 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2,3-dimethylen-1,4-epoxynaphthalene-6,7-dicarbonitrile (2) or the corresponding 1,3-diimino-1,3-dihydroisoindole 3 the hexadecahydro-octamethylenetetraepoxynaphthalocyanine 4 as well as the nickel and the iron complexes 5 and 6 containing enophilic side groups have been synthesized. From 1,4-dihydro-1,4-epoxynaphthalene-6,7-dicarbonitrile (8) and its corresponding 1,3-diimino-1,3-dihydroisonindole 9 the octahydro-tetraepoxynaphthalocyanines 10, 11, and 12, respectively, which contain dienophilic substituents, are obtained. 11 reacts with 2,3-dimethylbutadiene to form the adduct 13.
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  • 194
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 173-189 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Diazo compounds ; Transition-metal complexes ; Photoisomerization ; Homocyclopropenylium ions ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Small Rings, 78[1]. - Tri-tert-butyl(trimethylsilyl)cyclobutadiene and Tri-tert-butyl(trimethylsilyl)tetrahedraneThe chemistry of diazo(1,2,3-tri-tert-butylcyclopropenyl)(trimethylsilyl)methane (6) is unexpectedly diverse. Upon irradiation it fragments exclusively into the acetylenes 7 and 8. Flash thermolysis, on the other hand, gives  -  aside from the two acetylenes  -  tri-tert-butylazete (10) and trimethylsilyl cyanide (11). Upon heating 6 presumably isomerizes via betaine 17 to Dewar-diazabenzene 13  -  which is split into 10 and 11  -  and diazabenzvalene 18. This reaction course is supported by the isolation of the carbonyliron complexes 15 and 16,  -  The CuCl-catalyzed thermal decomposition again follows a different route. Under these conditions tri-tert-butyl(trimethylsilyl)cyclobutadiene (5) is formed, probably as a weak CuCl complex. Only after addition of ethylenebis(diphenylphosphane) free cyclobutadiene 5 can be isolated. Upon irradiation of 5 a quantitative isomerization to tri-tert-butyl(trimethylsilyl)tetrahedrane (29) occurs. This second, spectroscopically unequivocally confirmed tetrahedrane melts at 179°C. In solution the isomerization to cyclobutadiene 5 starts at about 160°C. That means, it is thermally even more stable than tetra-tert-butyltetrahedrane.
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  • 195
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 223-229 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Porphyrin-quinone cyclophanes ; Photoinduced electron transfer ; Absorption and emission spectra of porphyrin-quinone cyclophanes ; Photosynthesis models ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Syntheses and spectroscopic properties of the porphyrin-quinone cyclophanes 1, 2 and 3 of which structural and/or conformational studies have recently reported[1] are described. Physical properties related to photoinduced electron-transfer reactions like redox potentials, absorption and emission spectra were determined for these compounds.
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  • 196
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 267-269 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Betaine dye ; Solvatochromism ; Ylide ; Carbene reaction ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-oxo-2,5-cyclohexadienylidene (3d) with pyridine affords 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(2,4,6-tri-tert-butylpyridinio)phenolate (1d)  -  which is not accessible by the classical route via pyrylium salts  -  in reasonable yield. Carbene 3d is generated by thermal decomposition of the corresponding quinone diazide 2d in cyclohexane. Betaine 1d shows the expected large solvatochromism.
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  • 197
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 198
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    Keywords: Ambiphilic coordination compounds ; Tripod ligands ; Triphosphane ligands ; Tollens reaction ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ambiphilic Tripod Complexes: Synthesis and Coordination Chemistry of Long-Chained Functionalized Tripod Ligands RC(CH2PPh2)3 with R - Pentyl or 8-NonenylTripod ligands RC(CH2PPh2)3 with R = pentyl (3a) and R = 8-nonenyl (3b) are accessible from the corresponding triols. By using appropriately selected activation procedures the triols 1a, b are transformed into the tripodal ligands 3a, b. In addition to their direct characterisation the tripod ligands 3a, b have been further structurally analysed by the syntheses and X-ray analyses of specific cobalt (4a) and iron (4b) coordination compounds. An interesting side result from the X-ray analysis of [(3b)Fe(NCCH3)3](BF4)2 (4b) is the organisation of its solid-state structure by the hydrophobic 8-nonenyl substituents in the ligand backbone.
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  • 199
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    Keywords: Diarsinosilane ; 1,3-Diarsa-2-sila-4-germacyclobutane ; 1,3-Diarsa-2-sila-4-germabicyclo[1.1.0]butane ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: (2,4,6-iPr3C6H2)(tBu)Si(AsH2)2: The First Diarsanylsilane and Its Transformation into a 1,3-Diarsa-2-sila-4-germabicyclobutane and a 1,3-Diarsa-2-sila-4-germabicyclo[1.1.0]butane Derivative*The crowded diarsanylsilane (2,4,6-iPr3C6H2)(tBu)Si(AsH2)2 (1) is synthesized by the reaction of (2,4,6-iPr3C6H2)(tBu)-SiCl2 with two equivalents of [LiAsH2(dme)] in 80% yield. Treatment of 1 with two equivalents of nBuLi yields the dilithio compound 7, which reacts with Mes(tBu)GeF2 to give the corresponding 1,3-diarsa-2-sila-4-germacyclobutane 8. The X-ray crystal structures of 1 and 8 were determined. The bond angles at silicon of 1 lie between 113.0(4) and 96.1(4)° indicating a distorted tetrahedral geometry. The four-membered SiGeAs2 ring in 8 is puckered (As1-Si1-As2/As1-Ge1-As2 23.5°) with the two tBu groups being transoriented. Dilithiation of the AsH positions in 8 with nBuLi and subsequent reaction with tBuHgCl leads to the 1,3-bis-(tert-butylmercurio) compound 9. The light-induced elimination of the tBu groups in 9 gives the tBu/tBu-exo,endo-SiGeAs2-bicyclo[1.1.0]butane 10 in 91% yield. 10 does not rearrange to the exo,exo isomer 11.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 200
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 127 (1994), S. 509-518 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 3-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes ; 7-methylene ; 3-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]non-6-enes ; Photoelectron spectroscopy ; Electronic structure ; Conformational analysis ; Transanular interaction ; Calculations, MMX, AM1 ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Transanular Interactions in Difunctional Medium Rings, 4[1].  -  Spectroscopic and Theoretical Investigations on Bicyclic BoraalkenesThe 3-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonene and -nonane derivatives 3 and 5 with an endo- or exocyclic CC double bond, respectively, have been synthesized as well as the corresponding monofunctional compounds bicyclo[3.3.1]non-2-ene (1), 3-methylenebicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (2), and the 3-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes 4. The compounds were investigated by PE, 13C- and 11B-NMR spectroscopy. In addition, molecular mechanics and semi-empirical quantum-chemical calculations have been performed. Although the transanular distances in both groups of compounds vary little, the difunctional compounds with an exocyclic double bond (5) show distinct transanular interactions whereas in the compounds with an endocyclic double bond (3) such effects are virtually absent. While the theoretical methods proved to be insufficient for the investigation of transanular interactions, PE and 11B-NMR spectroscopy were well suited for this study.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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