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  • 1970-1974  (3,979)
  • 1965-1969  (3,407)
  • 1920-1924  (1,159)
  • Organic Chemistry  (7,703)
  • Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling  (654)
  • Electron Microscopy
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular breakdown within the arterial wall (1974)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 364 (1974), S. 111-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Electron Microscopy ; Coronary Arteries ; Atherosclerosis ; Aging ; Smooth Muscle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The coronary arteries were studied by electron microscopy in normal rats weighing 65 to 535 gm; fixation was accomplished by perfusion for 20 min at 110–130 mm Hg. In rats of all ages (but especially in the oldest) the arterial wall contained deposits of abnormal intercellular material, consisting of granules, vesicles, myelin figures and other debris. These deposits were present in the intima and media, but rare in the adventitia; there was suggestive evidence that medial cells phagocytized some of the material. The adventitia was characterized by 1–4 layers of cells with extremely thin protoplasmic expansions wrapped around the vessel (“veil cells”) and containing lysosome-like bodies as well as phagosomes. These findings, taken as a whole, suggest the following sequence of events. During normal life, the media produces cellular debris, by cell death as well as by fragmentation of cellular processes; part of these debris are phagocytized by smooth muscle cells, part diffuse outward to the adventitia where they are taken up by specialized cells (the “veil cells”). However, due to relative inadequacy of phagocytosis in the media, the debris continue to accumulate and form intercellular deposits that increase with age. It is possible that this natural phenomenon may by itself set a maximal limit to the life-span of the arterial wall.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01230861
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Pathomorphologie der sogenannten Epinephrin-Myokarditis nach Gabe von Hypertensin (1974)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 363 (1974), S. 249-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Hypertensin (Angiotensin) ; Catecholamins ; So-Called Epinephrine Myocarditis ; Rat Heart ; Optical Microscopy ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pathomorpliological comparative studies on structural damage to rat cardiac muscle following administration of hypertensin and arterenol, with and without pretreatment with reserpine to empty the catecholamine reserves were performed. The question is whether and to what degree angiotensin induced cardiac damage, which is viewed microscopically as the so-called epinephrine myocarditis, can be regarded as an indirect catecholamine effect. The following could be deduced: 1. Hypertensin causes a damage pattern similar to that of arterenol as seen under the light microscope and corresponds to the so-called epinephrine myocarditis. 2. The electron microscope demonstrates definite differences in the pattern of damage to the myocardium: hypertensin affects primarily the mitochondria, while arterenol affects the myofibrils. 3. Hypertensin and arterenol damage mainly the subendocardial tissue of the left heart: hypertensin affects more the region of the base of the left ventricle, arterenol more the region of the left ventricle apex. 4. Pretreatment with reserpine blocks the damaging effects of hypertensin in the rat heart for 12 hours. After 24 hours the full picture of the damage pattern has reappeared. Arterenol is lethal to animals pretreated with reserpine. 5. The pathogenesis of the damaging effects of hypertensin on rat cardiac muscle is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432805
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastrukturelle und lichtmikroskopische Befunde bei drei protrahiert tödlich verlaufenen Paraquatvergiftungen (1974)
    Springer
    Lung 150 (1974), S. 185-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Keywords: Paraquat Poisoning ; Morphology ; Electron Microscopy ; Light Microscopy ; Letal Course ; Human Lung ; Lung Fibrosis ; Proliferative Alterations ; Degenerative Alterations ; Pathogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Morphological alterations in the lungs of 3 cases of paraquat intoxication with prolonged lethal course (10, 11, and 25 days) are reported. Combined light-and electronmicroscopic studies reveal that 10 and 11 days after the ingestion of paraquat the endothelium of the occassionally congested capillaries is intact. The basal membranes have only scarce alterations. They are sometimes naked because of shadding of both types of pneumocytes with severe alterations, e.g. lipid accumulation in the cytoplasm. In the vast alveolar edema, red blood cells, some round cells, strands of fibrin, and lamellar cell debris are seen. There are also varying amounts of polymorphnuclear leucocytes and alveolar macrophages with many phagolysosomes and cytosegresomes. Fibroblasts with lipid droplets between the extensive RER form varying amounts of collagen fibrils in the alveolar and sometimes in the very edematous interstitial space. Sometimes surrounded by collagenous material, they thus devoured by macrophages. 25 days after paraquat intoxication a severe alveolar fibrosis, focal interstitial fibrosis, and areas with atelectasis are found. Due to artificial respiration and changed ventilation mechanics, there were large areas with hemorrhage and a honeycomb-like structure of the remaining lung parenchyma. The pathogenesis of the degenerative and proliferative lung alterations is briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02179318
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The short-term effects of high doses of ethylene-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate upon early dentin formation (1974)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 16 (1974), S. 109-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Dentinogenesis ; Diphosphonates ; Calcification ; Collagen ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effects of high doses of ethylene-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) were investigated at the light microscopic and subcellular level. The administration of EHDP at a concentration of 7.5–10 mg P/kg body weight/day over a short period of time resulted in complete inhibition of crystal formation in predentin and pre-enamel. An increased predentin width was observed and within newly-formed predentin areas the formation ofcollagen fibrils was grossly disturbed. In addition, fine precipitates appeared in the ground substance. The presence of unusual thread-like elements within specific bodies in the cytoplasm of the odontoblastic processes may be indicative of an interference by EHDP in e.g. the synthesis of precollagen. The possibility of an inhibition by EHDP of the extracellular aggregation of collagen molecules is also discussed. EHDP further inhibited crystal formation within dentinal globules. Functioning ameloblasts were grossly affected in EHDP-treated rats, and it is suggested that this is related to an inhibition of crystal formation in pre-enamel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02008217
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracellular organization of bacteriocin particles in Proteus vulgaris (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 98 (1974), S. 271-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Proteus vulgaris ; Bacteriocin ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The intracellular development of a bacteriocin in a strain of Proteus vulgaris was investigated. Particles which resemble the bacteriocin make their appearance in the cell after 60 min induction with mitomycin C. At this stage they appear as broad bands of tightly-packed phage tail-like structures. With longer periods of induction the bands are disrupted to liberate individual phage tail-like particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425288
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Late changes in sciatic nerve of rats after a small dose of methyl methylmercury sulfide (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 30 (1974), S. 33-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Organic Mercury Compound ; Late Pathological Changes in Peripheral Nerves ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Wistar strain of male rats of 100–110 g were used, 5 for an experimental and 5 for control group. 1 mg of organic mercury (methyl methylmercuric sulfide: CH3HgSCH3) was given by mouth each day for 10 days (total dose 9–10 mg) to the experimental group. 600 days afterwards the experimental and control rats were killed. Only the peripheral nerves showed changes, small myelinated nerve fibres with thick myelin sheaths in groups. Around these fibres occurred extremely small myelinated nerve fibres and isolated large unmyelinated fibres, and appeared to be regenerated fibres. Destruction of myelin sheaths and cavity formation in the axons were observed in these fibres. The changes in the axons were remarkable at the nodes of Ranvier.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685320
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Familial ataxia of the rabbit Sawin-Anders type (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 30 (1974), S. 11-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Ataxia ; Rabbit ; Degeneration ; Cochlear Nuclei ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This hereditary animal ataxia is selective in its sites of involvement within the nervous system, which include principally the central cerebellar, vestibular and cochlear nuclei. Ultrastructural detail has been described for central cerebellar and vestibular nuclei. Herein the cochlear complex of 18 rabbits with this ataxic condition (ax/ax from the strain AX of the Jackson Laboratory) have been examined. The gene is a lethal one, but the animals were used before they became moribund and between 7 and 57 days after the onset of symptoms. By light microscopy nine cell types (Osen, 1969a, b; 1970) have been identified in the cochlear nuclei of the cat. That distribution can also be identified in electron micrographs of rabbit cochlear nuclei, providing there is a singular opportunity to compare cellular vulnerabilities within the ataxic condition, and establish the principal features of associated neuropil alterations. The cochlear nuclei, cerebellar cortex and central nuclei, and the vestibular nuclei, arise from the ependyma of the rhombic lip of the fourth ventricle, making them close allies in their genetic origins. Pathological alterations were evident in scattered neurons from all nuclear sources by 7–15 days following symptom onset. At 15 days the number of altered neurons evident in electronmicrographs had increased markedly, cells becoming involved at a more rapid pace than those already affected could be removed. Much glycogen is evident from 7 days onwards in both neuropil and neurons. It occurs in considerable amounts in astrocytic processes and less abundantly in endbulbs and somata. By 20 to 25 days spongioform changes in neuropil are prominent, and thereafter the extracellular spaces coalesce to produce a lacunar appearance showing little glycogen. It would appear, therefore, that all neuron types, the endbulbs, and the astrocytic processes are markedly involved simultaneously in the spongioform transformation which features this type of ataxia. Involvement of cochlear nuclei only differs in pathological detail from that found at the other involved sites, and the differences seen relate principally to the architectonics of the nuclei, including size and density of the packing of contained elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685318
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzyme histochemical and ultrastructural alterations in the brains of Friesian calves with GM1 gangliosidosis (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 30 (1974), S. 73-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: GM1 Gangliosidosis ; Friesian Calves ; Inborn Metabolic Error ; Histochemistry ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Histoenzymic and ultrastructural alterations in the brains of seven calves with GM1 gangliosidosis are described. A decreased oxidative enzyme activity in neurons was accompanied by an increase in acid phosphatase activity. Membranous cytoplasmic bodies were present in neurons and glia. The periodicity of the membranes was about 5.5 to 6.0 nm. Electron-dense, membrane-bound inclusions were present in perithelial cells. The lesions were compared with those of gangliosidoses in other species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685324
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with paramyxovirus-like structures, Hirano bodies and neurofibrillary tangles (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 27 (1974), S. 277-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy ; Hirano Bodies ; Papova Virus ; Paramyxovirus-like ; Nuclear Bodies ; Electron Microscopy ; Neurofibrillary Tangles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have identified three structures that have not previously been reported in electron microscopic examinations of brain from patients with PML: 1. coiled nuclear bodies that may possibly represent tubular paramyxovirus nucleocapsids, 2. Hirano bodies and 3. Neurofibrillary tangles. The paramyxovirus-like material is interesting in view of reports of a transition between nuclear bodies and tubular paramyxovirus nucleocapsids and because of a possible interaction between syncytiogenic paramyxoviruses and Papova viruses in the pathogenesis of SSPE and PML. A study of the Hirano bodies in this case, taken in conjunction with the findings of others leads us to believe that these structures are formed from an overgrowth of neurofilaments. The presence of tangled masses of neurofilaments in the processes of neurons also seen in the present case is consistent with this hypothesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690693
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An analysis of the ultrastructural findings in infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (Seitelberger's disease) (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 27 (1974), S. 201-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy ; Spheroids ; Perikaryon ; Electron Microscopy ; Membranous Profiles ; Dense Bodies ; Protein Syntheses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopic findings of a cortical biopsy from a four-year-old child suffering from muscular weakness and psychomotor retardation are presented. Morphological evidence obtained in this study suggests a unique pathogenetic mechanism underlying INAD. The spheroids appear to be caused by an accumulation of a macromolecular substance synthesized in the neuron and transported to the nerve endings. The abnormal substance initially takes the form of an amorphous material, it eventually aggregates into highly characteristic angulated membranous profiles. The selective involvement of the nerve endings, synapses and motor end plates in this disease suggests a derangement of the metabolic pathway in the synthesis or packaging of the neurotransmitters or their receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687630
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mating reaction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 97 (1974), S. 27-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Mass Mating ; Electron Microscopy ; Cell Fusion ; Membrane Structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The process of mating reaction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied by electron microscopy. Prior to the dissolution of the part of the cell walls separating the conjugating pair of cells, the thinning of the electron transparent layer of the cell wall occurs at the part toward which the nuclei are migrating. After the dissolution of the cell walls of the conjugating cells, the cell membranes become associated with each other, then to be broken and rejoined. The first diploid bud emerges from about the middle of the zygote. The morphological changes during the mating reaction are discussed in relation to the biochemical changes so far known.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403042
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inorganic polyphosphates and enzymes of polyphosphate metabolism in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 98 (1974), S. 311-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Dictyostelium discoideum ; Inorganic Polyphosphate ; Electron Microscopy ; Enzymes ; Polyphosphate Metabolism ; Cellular Slime Mold ; Polyphosphatase ; Polyphosphate-ADP-Phosphotransferase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The concentration of inorganic polyphosphates in Dictyostelium discoideum was low in the amoebae. A ca 5-fold increase took place during the early stages of multicellular development and was followed by a decrease during the intermediate stages. Electron micrographs showed the presence of electron dense material in all parts of the differentiating cells. The substance was most frequently observed in various types of vacuoles. Two enzymes of polyphosphate metabolism were identified and studied in cell-free extracts: a polyphosphatase and a polyphosphate-ADP-phosphotransferase. No polyphosphate-glucose-phosphotransferase or polyphosphate-AMP-phosphotransferase activities were observed in the extracts. The specific activity of the polyphosphatase, pH optimum 7.6, was ca 30 nmol Pi·min-1·mg protein-1 at all stages of development. The enzyme activity was not inhibited by 0.01 M orthophosphate. The polyphosphate-ADP-phosphotransferase, pH optimum ca 7.7, was studied in the direction of ATP. The enzyme specific activities were very low, about 0.2 nmol P·min-1·mg protein-1, and rather constant during differentiation. The enzyme activity was inhibited by orthophosphate and by excess ADP. It was concluded that the polyphosphate-ADP-phosphotransferase did not contribute significantly to the formation of ATP during multicellular development, and that polyphosphate did not act as a phosphagen in the differentiating cellular slime mold. It was suggested that polyphosphate served as a phosphate store and as a means of regulating the intracellular orthophosphate concentration during development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425292
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of a spirochete found in tissues of the brine shrimp,Artemia salina (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 99 (1974), S. 281-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Spirochete ; Artemia ; Brine Shrimp ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 1. A spirochete which occurs in tissues of the brine shrimp,Artemia salina, was studied by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. A total of seven infected shrimps were encountered. 2. Under darkfield illumination, most spirochete cells inArtemia blood were 6–13 μ long and 0.3–0.4 μ wide. Coiling was variable and often irregular. 3. When tissues of the maxillary gland (kidney) and nearby organs were examined by electron microscopy, spirochete cells were found in both extracellular and intracellular locations. These microbes possessed the ultrastructural features typical of members of the Order Spirochaetales: a) a slender protoplasmic cylinder (0.18 μ average diameter), b) axial fibrils (150 A average diameter), and c) an outer envelope or sheath (approximately 75 A thick). 4. Counts made of the number of axial fibrils evident in transverse sections of spirochete cells were consistent with the hypothesis that this spirochete has a 1-2-1 arrangement of axial fibrils. 5. Non-spiral forms were observed in the haemocoel and in the lumen of the maxillary gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00696243
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feinstrukturanalyse der komplexen Geißeln von Rhizobium lupini H 13-3 (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 100 (1974), S. 145-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Complex Flagella ; Fine Structure ; Electron Microscopy ; Optical Diffraction ; Flagellin ; Flagellar Motion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zellen von Rhizobium lupini H 13-3 besitzen 5–10 peritrich inserierte komplexe Geißeln, deren Feinstruktur durch Hochauflösungs-Elektronenmikroskopie und lichtoptische Diffraktion analysiert wurde. Das Geißelfilament hat einen Durchmesser von 160 Å und besteht aus einem zylindrischen Kern (Durchmesser ca. 110 Å), der fest von drei Bändern einer helikalen Scheide umgeben ist. Die Scheidenbänder sind 49 Å breit, durch 49 Å-Intervalle voneinander getrennt und haben eine Steigung von 31°. Die komplexen Geißelfilamente bestehen aus einem 43 000-Dalton-Protein, das den Kern und die helikale Scheide aufbaut. Beide gehen übergangslos aus dem proximalen Geißelhaken hervor, der einen Durchmesser von 150 Å und eine Länge von 600 bis 800 Å hat. Die Diffraktionsanalyse des Geißelhakens zeigte eine helikale Grundanordnung von globulären Untereinheiten, die ein Oberflächengitter von 5 parallelen Schrauben (Steigung 29° bzw. 33°) bilden, von denen jede fast 11 Untereinheiten pro Helixungang trägt. Die komplexen Geißeln von R. lupini H 13-3 und Pseudomonas rhodos [Schmitt et al.: J. Bact. 117, 844–857 (1974)] sind ein neuer Typ von Bakteriengeißeln. Sie zeigen deutliche Übereinstimmung in der Feinstruktur, der festen Verbindung von helikaler Scheide und Geißelhaken sowie in der Fragilität ihrer Filamente; sie unterscheiden sich deutlich im Molekulargewicht der Flagellinmonomeren (43 000 bzw. 55 000). Zellen von R. lupini H 13-3 führen schnelle, vibrierende Translationsbewegungen aus. Mögliche Mechanismen der Bewegung komplexer Geißeln werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract Cells of Rhizobium lupini H 13-3 possess 5 to 10 peritrichously inserted complex flagella, which were analyzed by high resolution electron microscopy and by optical diffraction. The flagellar filament has a diameter of 160 Å; it consists of a cylindrical core (diameter approximately 110 Å) surrounded by three close-fitting bands of a helical sheath. The helical bands are 49 Å wide, separated by axial intervals, 49 Å wide, and run at an angle of 31°. Complex filaments consist of a 43 000-dalton protein representing the core and the helical sheath. These originate from the proximal hook, which has a diameter of 150 Å and a length of 600 to 800 Å. The diffraction analysis of the hook showed a helical arrangement of globular subunits forming a surface of 5 parallel “small-scale” helices (pitch-angles 29° and 33°, respectively), each carrying almost 11 subunits per period. The complex flagella of R. lupini H 13-3 and Pseudomonas rhodos [Schmitt, et al.: J. Bact. 117, 844–857 (1974)] represent a novel type of bacterial flagella. There is agreement in their fine structures, in the intimate connection of the helical sheath and the core, and in the fragility of their filaments. Thery are clearly distinguished by the molecular weights of their flagellin monomers (43 000 and 55 000, respectively). Cells of R. lupini H 13-3 show fast, vibrating, translational motions. Possible mechanisms of complex flagellar motion are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446314
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural aspects of localized membrane damage in Spirillum serpens VHL early in its association with Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109D (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 100 (1974), S. 179-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus ; Spirillum serpens ; Freeze Fracture ; Electron Microscopy ; Ultrastructure ; Membrane Damage ; Organismic Associations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The freeze-fracture technique and electron microscopy have been used to demonstrate that localized damage is inflicted upon the cytoplasmic membrane of Spirillum serpens VHL within 20 to 30 min after the start of its association with Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109D. This damage is not observed in uninfected Spirillum cells, nor in infected cells within the first 10 min. This damage takes the form of a “blister” which, when viewed stereoscopically in electron micrographs, is seen to project toward the interior of the Spirillum cell. Shortly after its formation, the blister becomes elaborated into a series of ridges which may assume forms ranging from an elaborate spiral to a series of loops or knots. The formation of a blister is shown to involve both the inner and outer leaves of the membrane bilayer, and evidence is presented to indicate that the blister site corresponds to the site of attachment of the Bdellovibrio cell. The hypothesis is proposed that this ultrastructural damage is the cytological basis for the controlled and localized leakage through the cytoplasmic membrane into the periplasmic space of the Spirillum cell at locations adjacent to the Bdellovibrio cell. It is suggested that this localized membrane damage may be the ultrastructural basis for the high efficiency with which bdellowvibrios are known to incorporate cytoplasmic materials from the other bacteria in whose periplasmic spaces they develop.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446316
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Citrate lyase from Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa: Purification, electron microscopy and subunit structure (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 100 (1974), S. 307-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Citrate Lyase ; Subunit Structure ; Electron Microscopy ; Reaction Inactivation ; Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa ; Phototrophic Bacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 1. Citrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.6) from Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa has been purified to homogeneity by protamine sulfate fractionation, chromatography on DEAE-Cellulose and gel filtration. The final enzyme preparation had a specific activity of 138 units per mg of protein and was purified 43-fold over the crude extract. Analysis of citrate lyase by sedimentation equilibrium experiments and gel filtration gave molecular weights of 530000 and 560000, respectively. 2. Electron microscopic investigations of negatively stained enzyme molecules and image analysis showed that citrate lyase is composed of six large and six small subunits; they are arranged in two hexagonal rings lying face to face, each containing, in alternating sequence, three large and three small subunits. The enzyme molecule is 160 Å in diameter and about 100 Å thick. 3. Treatment with sodium dodecylsulfate and mercaptoethanol dissociated citrate lyase into three proteins. Protein III (small subunit) had a molecular weight of 30000 and contained the pantothenate; protein II (large subunit) had a molecular weight of 61000; protein I (M r =97000) was probably an aggregate of II and III. 4. Based on the results obtained a model of citrate lyase was constructed. 5. Purified citrate lyase was obtained from R. gelatinosa in a deacetylated and largely oxidized form. The enzyme was activated by reduction with dithiothreitol (3 mM) and subsequent acetylation with acetic anhydride (1.75 mM). 6. The enzyme was subject to reaction inactivation, the extent of which depended on the concentration of Mg2+.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446325
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Massive congenital intracranial teratoma (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 30 (1974), S. 271-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Intracranial Teratoma ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A massive congenital benign teratoma grossly replacing the cerebral hemispheres has been examined by light and electron microscopy. The tumor contained tissues derived from all three germ layers. The cerebellum showed morphological features suggesting a state of maturation equivalent to that of 20 to 25 weeks of gestation. The tumor is discussed in the light of present theories on the pathogenesis of teratomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688927
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular monstrosity in embryonic neuronal neoplasm produced by human adenovirus in rats (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 30 (1974), S. 315-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Human Adenovirus Type 12 ; Sprague-Dawley Rats ; Intracerebral Inoculation ; Medulloepitheliomatous Neoplasm ; Giant Tumor Cells ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Solid medullary brain and spinal cord neoplasms developed in all 10 offspring of an outbred Sprague-Dawley rat, between 37 and 99 days after a single postnatal (within 24 hrs) inoculation of 0.05 ml of human adenovirus type 12, 103.5–104.5 TCID50 HeLa cells/0.1 ml in the left frontal lobe. Seven rats developed multicentric neoplasms in both hemispheres and in peri-aqueductal areas of the brain stem, one of which was associated with an incipient spinal cord tumor in the sacral segment. One rat developed a solid tumor involving the right parieto-occipital region. The remaining two cases were solid spinal cord tumors arising from the dorsal half of the thoracolumbar segments. The remarkably uniform microscopic appearance was designated as a counterpart of human embryonic neuronal neoplasms. Characteristic neuronal and multinucleated giant cells emerged throughout the tumor tissue with argentaffine, neurofibril-like cytoplasmic expansions and a unique cilium (a 9+0 pattern of tubules) associated with a pair of centrioles. This cilium morphology was also a hallmark of the majority of tumor cells that formed characteristic pseudorosettes. The occasional emergence of two sets of cilia and centrioles in monstrous cells suggested probable modes of cytogenesis in relation to cessation of abnormal cell division.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697014
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro characteristics of a myxopapillary ependymoma of the filum terminale maintained in tissue and organ culture systems (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 27 (1974), S. 185-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Myxopapillary Ependymoma ; Tissue and Organ Culture ; Electron Microscopy ; Basement Membrane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Explants of a myxopapillary ependymoma were grown on collagen-coated coverslips and in organ culture systems using gelfoam sponge matrices and Millipore filter platforms. The tumor cultured on collagen-coated coverslips initially exhibited the cytologic features of simple uni- and bipolar glial cells and later developed an epithelial-like pattern. Delicate branching of argyrophilic cell processes was demonstrated in Bodian preparations. In organ cultures, the tumor architecture was well preserved for approximately 4 weeks, and mitotic figures were present. Invasion of the sponge foam matrix was seen. Later cultures demonstrated progressive perivascular sclerosis and hyalinization. By electron microscopy, the tumor cells in organ culture systems retained the major fine structural characteristics of the original neoplasm up to 27 daysin vitro. The most striking feature in the late stages was the extensive increase and reduplication of basement membrane material, which appeared related to the increase of collagen fibrils in the extracellular space.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687629
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oncocytes in the anterior lobe of the human pituitary gland (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 27 (1974), S. 43-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Oncocytes ; Adenohypophysis ; Pituitary Adenoma ; Secretory Granules ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A light and electron microscopic study was undertaken on 3 surgically removed non-tumorous adenohypophyses and 16 pituitary adenomas. Numerous oncocytes have been found in 2 non-tumorous adenohypophyses and in 6 pituitary adenomas including 1 chromophobe adenoma which was composed almost exclusively of oncocytes. Thus, it seems that the occurrence of oncocytes in the anterior pituitary cannot be considered a rare finding. The distinctive feature of oncocytes is the abundance of mitochondria in their cytoplasm. This alteration can be so extensive that the entire cytoplasm is filled with mitochondria leaving only a small area for the remaining cytoplasmic organelles. Oncocytes arise from adenohypophysial cells. This transformation is gradual and is not restricted to one particular cell type. In the early phases of development of oncocytes the secretory granules are well preserved. Thus, hormone secretion is presumably maintained. It seems conceivable, however, that in the more advanced phases of evolution of oncocytes, when the secretory granules decrease in number, hormone production is diminished or stopped. Further investigations are, however, required to elucidate in detail the functional activity of oncocytes. It remains to be established whether mitochondrial accumulation is principally due to increased formation or delayed breakdown. As some mitochondria show signs indicating division it appears that multiplication of mitochondria is the underlying mechanism resulting in their significant increase. However, the possibility cannot be excluded that the life span of mitochondria is prolonged and mitochondrial longevity plays an important role in causing transformation of adenohypophysiocytes into oncocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687239
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy or Seitelberger's disease (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 28 (1974), S. 261-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neuroaxonal Dystrophy ; Infantile Autonomi Nervous System ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The autonomic nervous system is studied by electron microscopy for the first time in two siblings born of North African consanguineous parents and affected by infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy. The changes already reported in dystrophic axons of the central and peripheral nervous system, are seen in the myenteric plexus of rectum mucosa. The authors stress the diffuse involvement of the nervous tissue in this degenerative disorder of still unknown nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00719031
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elektronenoptische und enzymhistochemische Vergleichsuntersuchungen an Kraniopharyngiomen und ihren Gewebekulturen (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 28 (1974), S. 331-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Craniopharyngioma ; Tissue Culture ; Electron Microscopy ; Enzyme Histochemistry ; Keratine ; Enamel ; Rosenthal Fibers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron optical and enzyme histochemical investigations carried out on four craniopharyngiomas and their tissue cultures demonstrated that the tumour elements are keratinizing epithelial cells, plenty of tonofilaments, glycogen granules, mitochondria and desmosomes. Their ultrastructural and histochemical characteristics are the same in every part of the tumour (solid; cystic; “adamantinoma-like”). In the keratinizing cells, the reactions for non-specific esterases were high positive. The ultrastructural characteristics of the tumour cells grownin vitro are the same as thosein situ; the cells remain attached to one another by desmosomes and retain their capacity to produce keratine. This therefore seems to be a primary characteristic of the tumour cells and not a secondary dysmetabolic disturbance. Calcium was found onlyin situ. That the tumour cells may produce enamelin situ seems to be possible, but it could not be confirmed with certainty. The glial proliferation which is always presentin situ, is reactive and not neoplastic; thein vitro new built cell colonies consist only of epithelial elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685287
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structural localisation of acid phosphatase in neural tumours induced by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in rats (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 29 (1974), S. 45-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Experimental Neural Tumours ; Ethylnitrosourea ; Electron Microscopy ; Lysosomes ; Acid Phosphatase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A single intravenous injection of 30 mg of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea per kg of body weight was administered to pregnant BD-IX rats on the 15th day of gestation. The neural tumours which developed in 97.5% of the offspring were gliomas and schwannomas. The demonstration of acid phosphatase in the neoplastic and reacting cells of these tumours was carried out at fine structural level. The enzyme activity was localised in lysosomes and in the innermost cisternae of the Golgi complexes. High acid phosphatase activity was related not only to degeneration, necrosis and phagocytosis but also to cellular differentiation and anaplasia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00684390
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic study of neurofibrillary tangles in Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 29 (1974), S. 175-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Steele-Richardson-Olszewski Syndrome ; Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ; Neurofibrillary Tangles ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The neurofibrillary tangles found in the neurons of a case of Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome were studied by electron microscopy. Both the flame-shaped and globose type of tangles were present. The neurofibrillary tangles were composed of bundles of straight tubules measuring approximately 150 Å in diameter. This ultrastructural appearance of the tangles in Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome is different from the appearance of tangles found in other neurological disorders and is probably indicative of intraneuronal accumulation of a new type of fibrous protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00684775
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the sural nerve in chronic polyneuropathy associated with Adie's syndrome (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 29 (1974), S. 181-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Polyneuropathy Associated with Adie's Syndrome ; Sural Nerve ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The sural nerve of a woman of 35 with chronic polyneuropathy and Adie's syndrome was examined by electron microscopy. Myelinated nerve fibres were absent and there was marked reduction in the number of unmyelinated fibres. Onion bulb formation was not observed. Collagen fibres occupied the intercellular spaces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00684776
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fine structural localisation of thiamine pyrophosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase in neural tumours induced by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in rats (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 29 (1974), S. 199-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Experimental Neural Tumours ; Ethylnitrosourea ; Electron Microscopy ; Thiamine Pyrophosphatase ; Adenosine Triphosphatase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structural localisation of thiamine pyrophosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase was carried out in gliomas and schwannomas induced transplacentally by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea. The activity of thiamine pyrophosphatase was observed in the Golgi complexes and appeared to be directly related to cellular differentiation and reactive changes. The Mg2+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase was localised at the cell membrane, in the pinocytotic vesicles of various cells and in the basement membrane of some capillaries. This enzyme, showing high activity in differentiated cells, indicated the activity of membrane-bound cellular transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685255
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Virus-like particles in brain tumours induced by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in rats (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 29 (1974), S. 211-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Experimental Gliomas ; Ethylnitrosourea ; Electron Microscopy ; Virus-like Particles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two unusual, intracytoplasmic structures, resembling viruses, are described in experimental gliomas which were induced transplacentally on the 15th day of gestation in BD-IX rats by a single intravenous injection of 30 mg of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea per kg of body weight. These structures are tubules within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and large coated vesicles in the Golgi region. The tubules are of indeterminate length and have inner and outer walls of 9–11 nm and 20–22 nm respectively. The large coated vesicles are 80–90 nm in diameter and their outer surface is covered by regular, equidistant spikes of 12–15 nm in length. The vesicles are closely related to the Golgi complexes, from which they appear to originate. The intracisternal tubules and large coated vesicles share certain morphological features both with viruses and with normal cell organelles. The origin and significance of these structures are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685256
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Etude quantitative de la myélinisation et de la croissance axonale dans le corps calleux et le cordon postérieur de la moëlle chez la souris Jimpy (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 29 (1974), S. 293-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Jimpy Mouse ; Electron Microscopy ; Mouse Mutant ; Myelination ; Axonal Growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A quantitative study of the myelination and axonal growth in the corpus callosum and posterior columns of the spinal cord in the Jimpy mouse gave the following results: The reduction in the number of myelinated fibers is much more important in regions with late myelination, e.g. corpus callosum and pyramidal tracts than in the previously myelinated fascicles of Goll and Burdach. There is an important delay in the increase in volume of axons particularly within the structures of late myelination. The importance of the lacking axonal growth in relation to myelination is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685483
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aseptic meningitis due to atheromatous material in the subarachnoid space (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 30 (1974), S. 145-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Aseptic Meningitis ; Atheromatous Material ; Hypersensitivity ; Electron Microscopy ; Macrophages ; Pia-Arachnoid ; Granuloma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 500 mg of sterile pooled human atheromatous material was injected into the cisterna magna of 6 mongrel dogs. Repeated cisternal punctures were done at various intervals until sacrifice from 1 day to 28 days following injection. CSF was obtained for cell count, sugar, protein and analysis in the Technicon 6/60 which measured 14 additional chemical and enzymatic variables. All 6 animals showed a prompt cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis which largely subsided during the first 2 weeks after injection. Increased CSF protein content developed more slowly, but was more prolonged than the pleocytosis. There was a variable decrease in CSF sugar and increase in CSF lactate dehydrogenase, calcium and inorganic phosphorous. Light and electron microscopic studies showed an intense acute inflammatory reaction with marked phagocytosis of the foregin material, probably by arachnoidal cells and moderate edematous changes in the astrocytic processes at the site of injection. During the first 2 weeks after the injection the inflammatory reaction became chronic and the edematous changes in the medulla subsided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685439
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electron microscope study of reacting astrocytes in gliomas induced by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in rats (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 30 (1974), S. 175-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Reacting Astrocytes ; Phagocytosis ; Experimental Gliomas ; Ethylnitrosourea ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of reacting astrocytes in experimental gliomas has been described. These tumours were induced transplacentally by 30 mg of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea per kg of body weight injected into the tail vein of pregnant BD-IX rats on the 15th day of gestation. In tumour-bearing animals astrocytes undergo striking morphological changes and show increased mitotic activity. Reacting astrocytes around gliomas display large, eccentric, irregular nuclei and the abundant cytoplasm contains an increased number of cell organelles. The most dramatic increase is in glial filaments: these form thick bundles at the periphery of the cells and in the processes which are frequently seen around demyelinated axons. Reacting astrocytes engulf and break down myelin sheaths: their remnants, lamellar inclusion bodies and lipid droplets, are present in the cytoplasm. Extravasated erythrocytes are also surrounded by and digested in reacting astrocytes. Numerous lysosomes could provide the necessary enzymes for the phagocytic activity of these cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685441
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on GM1-gangliosidosis, type II (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 30 (1974), S. 155-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: GM1-Gangliosidosis ; Glycoproteins ; β-Galactosidase ; Lysosomal Disease ; Electron Microscopy ; Genetics of GM1-Gangliosidosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Post-mortem studies on a 6-year old boy with GM1-gangliosidosis, Type II revealed no evidence of accumulation of residual bodies nor of gangliosides or glycoproteins in liver and spleen. In brain tissue the ganglioside GM1 accounted for 70% of the ganglioside fraction and ganglioside-NANA was increased 3.6 fold over controls. In addition, the brain tissue contained large amounts of glycoprotein, glycoprotein derived galactose being increased 2.5 times. The neuronal accumulation of tertiary lysosomes exhibited a characteristic distributional pattern: in general the large neuronal perikarya were more consistently involved with the exception of the motor cells of the cranial nerve nuclei, III, IV, and VI. In addition to characteristic MCB's, the nerve cells contained residual bodies with a granulo-floccular matrix, presumed to represent glycoproteins. The distribution of the mutant gene was studied among 30 blood relatives of the proband at risk and 6 carriers could be ascertained on the basis of a reduced leukocytic β-galactosidase activity. The partly purified enzyme from the patient's liver revealed 20% activity as compared to that of normal controls. All three fractions obtained by DEAE cellulose column chromatography exhibited markedly reduced activity at pH 3.6, but nearly normal activity at pH 6.6. The reduced activity corresponded to the B component of the enzyme as shown by electrophoretic separation. It is pointed out that this case cannot be diagnosed as “generalized gangliosidosis” for the process of ganglioside accumulation was restricted to nervous tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685440
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lafora's disease (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 30 (1974), S. 189-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Lafore Bodies ; Polysaccharidosis ; Electron Microscopy ; Epilepsia ; Histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cerebral biopsies of three patients aged 22, 18 and 16 years with myoclonic epilepsy contained Lafory bodies. Two were a brother and sister of consanguineous parents. The Lafora bodies occurred in most neurons but not in glial cells. The ultrastructure of these bodies showed a fibrillar and granular material in the perikaryon and neuropile. In some neurons small Lafora bodies were delimited by a double membrane, suggesting that in early phases they have a membrene which disappears when they become more developed. Other non-specific neuron alterations are described. One of the cases presented in the liver PAS positive bodies of a structure different from the Lafora bodies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688920
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute hexachlorophene encephalopathy: Clinico-neuropathological correlation (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 28 (1974), S. 93-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Hexachlorophene Intoxication ; Toxic Encephalopathy ; Optic Nerve Necrosis ; Cerebral Edema ; Status Spongiosus ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This is the first report of neuropathologic findings following oral ingestion of hexachlorophene in the human. The patient was a 7 year old boy who accidentally ingested 45 ml (approx.) of pHisoHex (hexachlorophene).Toxic reactions included nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, decrease in visual acuity, blurred vision blindness, somnolence and disorientation. He developed cardiac arrhythmia, fever, isoelectric EEG and finally respiratory and cardiac arrest 61 h after admission. Autopsy findings showed interstitial myocarditis, pneumonitis and acute bronchiolitis. The brain was edematous. Light microscopy revealed mild diffuse vacuolization of white matter, occasional neuronal degeneration, most prominent on deepest layers of the visual cortex. Disintegration of myelin sheaths and necrosis of axon cylinders were present throughoutoptic pathways. Electron microscopy revealed large, empty extracellular and intramyelinic spaces formed by splitting and separation of the myelin lamellae. These changes are known to occur in experimental animals intoxicated with hexachlorophene, triethyltin, isonicotinic acid hydrazide and cuprizone. However, with respect to hexachlorophene, the localization of lesions to be optic pathways appears to be dependent upon an oral route of administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00710320
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intra-axonal bacilli in lepromatous leprosy (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 27 (1974), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Leprosy ; Lepromatous ; Axonal Bacillation ; Schwann Cells ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary M. leprae bacilli in nerves of 3 patients with lepromatous leprosy were found in the axoplasm of myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers. Axonal bacillation occurred in as much as 2% of myelinated axons. Bacilli within Schwann cells were a more common finding in lepromatous leprosy that intra-axonal bacilli. Intra-axonal bacillation probably represents a late stage phenomenon in lepromatous leprosy. Intra-axonal bacilli may contribute to the dissemination of leprosy by migration of bacilli within the axon, and may contribute directly to nerve fiber destruction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687235
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electron microscope study of chronic median nerve compression in the guinea-pig (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 27 (1974), S. 69-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Chronic Nerve Compression ; Median Nerve ; Guinea-Pig ; Electron Microscopy ; Degeneration ; Regeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In guinea-pigs with chronic median nerve compression at the wrist the electron microscopic changes at level of the lesion and both proximal and distal to it have been studied. At the level of the lesion in animals with prolonged motor latency there was a loss of large myelinated fibres. Remaining large fibres had disproportionately thin myelin sheaths or were demyelinated. Regenerating clusters containing myelinated fibres were present. Evidence of degeneration and regeneration of unmyelinated fibres was present in the more severely affected nerves of this group. Distal to the wrist myelinated fibre density recovered, with regenerating clusters and many axons having disproportionately thin myelin sheaths. Midforearm and upper arm levels were normal. In nerves in which no muscle response to electrical stimulation could be recorded in the palm, a few fibres devoid of myelin remained at the wrist. Immediately proximal to it myelinated fibres were rare, the main feature being Schwann cells containing axons devoid of myelin some of which were degenerating. Degeneration of myelinating fibres within regenerating clusters was seen. At the mid-forearm level large myelinated fibres were reduced and increased numbers of regenerating clusters were seen. Evidence of regeneration of unmyelinated fibres was found. The upper arm was normal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687242
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural changes in muscle in spinal muscular atrophy —Werdnig-Hoffmann's disease (1974)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 27 (1974), S. 247-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Werdnig-Hoffmann's Disease ; Electron Microscopy ; Muscle Biopsy ; Myotube-like Cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An ultrastructural study was carried out on muscle biopsies of 7 children with Werdnig-Hoffmann's disease. The muscle fibres were classified into 3 categories: 1. Muscle cells of normal diameter without any distinct or only slight changes. 2. Small muscle cells with a large central nucleus with the appearance of myoblast at a later stage of development. 3. Cells resembling myotubes containing in a common basement membrane two to four cells at different stages of maturation. Myoblast and myotube-like cells seemed to resemble foetal muscle fibres. Such fibres appear to represent an arrest in maturation rather than muscle atrophy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687634
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  • 37
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural study of pigment cells of human red hair (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 150 (1974), S. 167-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pigment cell ; Red hair ; Sunburn ; Man ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pigment cells of human red hair (pheomelanocytes) are never connected to keratinocytes by desmosomes or other defined cell junctions. In the dendritic processes of pheomelanocytes, thin filaments, about 50–80 Å in diameter, and microtubuli can be observed. Early prepheomelanosomes contain loosely arranged filaments. With the onset of pheomelanogenesis dense material is deposited on the filaments. Distinction between late prepheomelanosomes and pheomelanosomes is not clearly possible, because of the disorganized appearance of the content. Furthermore, the content of pheomelanosomes sometimes seems to be disintegrated. By means of the DOPA reaction, tyrosinase activity is shown to be present in: a) prepheomelanosomes, b) large cisternae apposed at one side of dictyosomes, c) small cisternae of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and d) coated and uncoated vesicles. The results suggest that red pigment granules are formed in a manner similar to that of melanin granules. It is further assumed that an inadequate stability of pheomelanoprotein accounts for the inability of red-haired people to develop effective protection against ultraviolet light.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222168
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  • 38
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    Electronic Resource
    Elektronenmikroskopische Befunde am Ganglion spirale und Cortischen Organ des Meerschweinchens nach Glutaraldehyd- und Osmiumfixation und Anwendung verschiedener Fixationstechniken (1974)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 208 (1974), S. 257-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Spiral ganglion and Organ of Corti ; Electron Microscopy ; Influence of Different Fixatives and Fixation Methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Ganglion spirale und Cortische Organ des Meerschweinchens wurden nach Osmium- und kombinierter Glutaraldehyd-Osmiumfixation sowie Anwendung verschiedener Fixationsmethoden elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Die Strukturen des Cortischen Organs wurden hierbei nicht wesentlich beeinflußt. Am Ganglion spirale ergaben sich Unterschiede im Aufbau der Myelinhüllen der Ganglienzellen. Es wird diskutiert, daß es sich beim semikompakten Myelin um ein Artefakt der Osmiumfixation handelt und daß Glutaraldehyd den Aufbau der Myelinhüllen im Bereich der Spiralganglienzellen naturgetreuer wiedergibt als Osmium.
    Notes: Summary We have been examining with the electron microscope the spiral ganglion and the organ of corti in guinea pigs, using osmium and a combined glutaraldehyde-osmiumfixation together with various fixation techniques. The structures of the organ of corti were not considerably effected. Differences in the structure of the myelin sheets of ganglion cells were found in the spiral ganglion. Presumably the semicompact myelin represents an artefakt after osmium-fixation, glutaraldehyde being able to demonstrate clearer the structure of the myelin sheets on spiral ganglion cells compared to osmium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02438984
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    MO-Berechnungen an Heterocyclen, XIX. Mitt.: M. Scholz, E. Walzel u. H.-J. Hofmann, J. prakt. Chem. 315, 1105 (1973).. EHT- und CNDO/2-Rechnungen an Thiacyclanen, Thiacyclanonen und den entsprechenden SulfonenAuszugsweise vorgetragen auf der „6. Arbeitstagung zu Problemen der Quantenchemie“, Heiligendamm, Febr. 1973. (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 103-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An Thiacyclopentan, -hexan, -pentanon, -hexanonen und deren Sulfonen wurden EHT- und CNDO/2-Rechnungen zu Grundzustandseigenschaften durchgeführt. Neben dem Leistungsvergleich der beiden Verfahren wurde untersucht, welche Bedeutung der Berücksichtigung von 3d-AO's an Atomen der 3. Periode des Periodensystems im EHT-Formalismus zukommt. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, daß durch beide MO-Verfahren die stabilsten Konformationen vorausgesagt werden. Die EHT-Rechnungen mit und ohne 3d-AO's ergaben zwischen Wannen- und Briefumschlagform keine signifikanten Energieunterschiede. Nach einer Energieaufteilungsanalyse hängt die Konformationsenergiedifferenz von den Zweizentrenbeiträgen ab, die aber in nicht überschaubarer Weise teils von den bindenden, teils von den nichtbindenden Anteilen bestimmt werden. Halbstufenpotentiale und Dipolmomente werden nur durch die CNDO/2-Rechnungen richtig wiedergegeben. Die Berücksichtigung der 3d-AO's im EHT-Verfahren führte zu keinen prinzipiellen Änderungen der Rechenergebnisse.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160114
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    Quantenchemische Berechnungen zur biochemischen Aktivität von Phosphon- und Phosphorsäureestern (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 159-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160122
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  • 41
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    Dienoligomerisierung. XI [1]. Versuche zur nickel(0)-katalysierten Cyclotrimerisierung des Butadiens (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 173-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160125
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  • 42
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    Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Investigation of ortho, meta and para xylenes at low temperature (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 185-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The proton magnetic resonance spectra have been measured between 4°K and their melting points for solid ortho, meta and para xylenes. It is found that lattices of these xylenes become rigid at about 4.2°K. The internal rotation of CH3 groups is observed at all temperatures above 95°K causing spectral narrowing.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160203
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    über Reaktionen mit Aluminiumalkylen. XVIII. Reaktionen von Butanoliden mit Methyl- und äthylaluminiumdichloridenXVII. Mitt. siehe [10]. (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 215-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Butanolide 1a-f mit Alkyl- bzw. Arylgruppen in γ-Stellung reagieren mit Āthyl-aluminiumdichlorid zu den gesättigten Säuren 3a-f. Mit Hilfe von unterschiedlich deuteriertem C2H5AlBr2 wird der Mechanismus aufgeklärt, Danach wird bei der Reaktion ein β-ständiges H-Atom des Äthyl-aluminiumdihalogenids über einen Sechsring auf das γ-C-Atom des Butanolids übertragen. Mit Methyl-aluminiumdichlorid reagieren 1a-f unter Alkylierung zu Säuren mit quartärem γ-C-Atom 7a-f. Als Nebenreaktion läuft bei 1 d eine FRIEDEL-CRAFTS-Reaktion, bei 1b, c Isomerisierung ab. Die α,β-ungesättigten Butanolide 2a, b ergeben mit Āthyl- oder Methylaluminiumdichlorid die Säuren 9a, b mit 2 konjugierten Doppelbindungen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160207
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    Organische Phosphorverbindungen. IV [1]. Kinetische Untersuchungen zum Alkylierungsvermögen insektizider Phophorsäureester (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 249-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Zur Einschätzung des Alkyleirungsvermögens der insektiziden Phosphorverbindungen Trichlorphon, Butonate, DDVP, Dimethoate und Methylparathion wird die Kinetik ihrer Umsetzungen mit verschiedenen nucleophilen Komponenten im Temperaturbereich von 20-100°C untersucht und die Einsatzmöglichkeit von Aminen und Halogeniden als Nucleophile in derartigen Messungen abgegrenzt. Die relativen Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten zeigen in Aceton als Lösungsmittel folgende Reaktivitätsabstufung: Methylparathion 〉 DDVP 〉 Dimethoate 〉 Butonate 〉 Trichlorphon 〉 Trimethylphosphat.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160211
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    Complexes of Iron(III) with Catechol Amines and their Electronic Absorption Spectra (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 235-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The complexing properties of iron(III) ions with noradrenaline and adrenaline have been investigated using spectrophotometric methods. The composition of the complexes was determined and their formation constants were computed. At different pH values different complexes were obtained.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160209
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    Methodische Untersuchungen zur MERRIFIELD-Synthese. II. [1] Vergleichende Studien über den Peptidknüpfungsschritt unter Verwendung verschiedener aktivierter Ester am Beispiel eines ModellpeptidsAuszugsweise vorgetragen auf dem 11. Europäischen Peptidsymposium in Wien, 26. bis 30. April 1971. (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 241-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Synthese der Sequenz Val-Gly-Phe-Ala-Leu-AlaAbkürzungen für Aminosäure- und Peptidderivate vgl. IUPAC-IUB Commission on Bio-chemical Nomenclature. J. biol. Chem. 247, 977 (1972); Boc = tert.-Butyloxycarbonyl; DCC = Dicyclohexylcarbodiimid; ONp — p-Nitrophenylester; OQ(Cl) = 5-Chlor-chinolyl-(8)-ester; SePh = Selenophenylester; OUr = N-Hydroxyurethanester. am polymeren Träger jeweils mit p-Nitrophenyl-, 5-Chlor-chinolyl-(8)-, Selenophenyl- und N-Hydroxyurethanestern beschrieben. An Hand der auf jeder Kupplungsstufe ermittelten Umsatzraten sowie der elektrophoretischen Reinheitscharakterisierung der entsprechenden Syntheseendprodukte werden die eingesetzten aktivierten Ester hinsichtlich ihrer Eignung für die MERRIFIELD-Synthese miteinander verglichen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160210
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    Kapillar-gaschromatographische Charakterisierung von C10- bis C12-Aromaten (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Retentionsindices von 120 alkylaromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen im Bereich bis C12 werden an UCON LB 550 X- und Carbowax 20 M-Kapillaren gemessen und einige Zusammenhänge zwischen Struktur und Retentionsverhalten anhand der ΔI-Werte diskutiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen für stellungsisomere di-, tri- und tetra-alkylsubstituierte Aromaten folgende Zusammenhänge: ΔI1,2 〉 ΔI1,3, ΔI1,4; ΔI1,2,3 〉 ΔI1,2,4 〉 ΔI1,3,5; ΔI1,2,3,4; ΔI1,2,3,5; ΔI1,2,4,5. Die Verwendung von FRIEDEL-CRAFTS-Reaktionen zur Herstellung definierter Testgemische wird beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160102
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    Die Addition von Oxalessigester an 2,4; 3,5-Di-O-benzyliden-al-D-xylose, Ein neuer Weg zur Synthese von 2-Desoxy-heptosen (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 13-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Addition von Oxalessigester an 2,4; 3,5-Di-O-benzyliden-al-D-xylose 1 führt zum 3-Äthoxycarbonyl-3-desoxy-5,7; 6,8-di-O-benzyliden-D-gulo-oktulosonsäure-äthylester 2, aus dem man durch Erwärmen mit verd. Salzsäure in Dioxan die 2-Desoxy-D-gulo-heptose 3 erhält. Beim Schütteln mit konz. Salzsäure und Benzylmercaptan entsteht aus 3 unter Abspaltung von Wasser das [2-Hydroxymethyl-furanyl(5)]-acetaldehyd-dibenzylmercaptal 6. Der Ketosäureester 2 kann in einer Keto-(2 a) und in einer Enol-Form 2 b auftreten. Von letzterer leiten sich das 2,4-Di-O-acetat 4 und der 2,4-Di-O-methyläther 5 ab. Die D-gulo-Konfiguration der Verbindungen 2, 3, 4 und 5 wird durch Überführen des Methyläthers 5 in den O-Methyl-L-äpfelsäure-bis-(p-bromphenacylester) 10 bewiesen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160103
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    Folgeprodukte halogenierter Aldehyde. I. N-(1-Hydroxy-2,2,3-trichlorpropyl)-säureamide (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 54-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aliphatische und aromatische Carbonsäureamide sowie einige Harnstoff-Derivate bilden beim Erwärmen mit 2,2,3-Trichlorpropionaldehyd N-(1-Hydroxy-2,2,3-trichlorpropyl)-säureamide 2a-n. Phenyl- und Benzylharnstoff ergeben 1,1-Bis-phenylureido- (3a) bzw. 1,1-Bisbenzylureido-2,2,3-trichlorpropan 3b. Die Verbindungen 2 lassen sich mit Dimethylsulfat in Natronlauge zu den N-(1-Methoxy-2,2,3-trichlorpropyl)-säureamiden 6a-b methylieren und mit Carbonsäurechloriden in Pyridin zu den N-(1-Acyloxy-2,2,3-trichlorpropyl)-säureamiden 5a-k acylieren. Bei der Einwirkung von Acetanhydrid auf die Verbindungen 2 in Natronlauge entstehen 1,1′-Bis-acylamino-2,2,3,2′,2′,3′-hexachlor-dipropyläther 7a-c. N-(1-Hydroxy-2,2,3-trichlorpropyl)-salicylsäureamid 2n unterliegt beim Erwärmen mit Schwefelsäure einer Ringschlußreaktion unter Bildung des Dihydrobenzoxazin-Derivats 8.
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    Methodische Untersuchungen zur MERRIFIELD-Synthese. I. Studien über den Einsatz der Mischanhydrid-, WOODWARD- und Carbodiimid-Methode an Hand eines ModellpeptidsAuszugsweise vorgetragen auf dem 11. Europäischen Peptidsymposium in Wien, 26.-30. April 1971. (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 67-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Am Beispiel des Hexapeptids Val-Gly-Phe-Ala-Leu-AlaAbkürzungen für Aminosäure- und Peptidderivate vgl. IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature, J. Biol. Chem. 247, 977 (1972); DCC = Dicyclohexylcarbodiimid, Boc = tert.-Butyloxycarbonyl. werden die Mischanhydrid-, WOODWARD- und Dicyclohexylcarbodiimid(DCC)-Methode hinsichtlich ihrer Effektivität bei der Festphasen-Peptidsynthese verglichen. Erwartungsgemäß wurden mit dem DCC-Verfahren die besten Resultate erhalten, während sich die Mischanhydrid-Methode aufgrund der ermittelten DORMAN-Werte der WOODWARD-Methode überlegen zeigte.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Polarographic Studies of Ni(II) Complex with Tyrosine in aqueous and aqueous-alcoholic media (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 503-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The complexation behaviour of various metal ions with tyrosine and threonine has been recently investigated in our laboratories [1-2]. However, there is hardly any reference regarding polarographic studies on complex forming ability of tyrosine and hence the present studies were undertaken. This communication deals with detailed investigations on the polarographic behaviour of Ni(II)-tyrosine system in aqueous and mixed solvent media.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160320
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    Synthese substituierter Rhodanine (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 520-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160324
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    Masthead (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160401
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    Über α-substituierte Phosphonate, XVI. Reaktion von phosphoriger Säure bzw. deren Anhydrid mit OrthoameisensäureesternHerrn Professor Dr. G. Hilgetag zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 550-556 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Orthoameisensäuretriäthylester 2a gibt mit H3PO3 in Gegenwart von Spuren Wasser Phosphorigsäurediäthylester, während mit wasserfreier H3PO3 neben O-Alkylierung auch „P-Dialkoxymethylierung“ unter Bildung von Diäthoxymethan-phosphonsäurediäthylester 4a beobachtet wird. Mit P4O6 reagiert 2a ebenfalls unter Bildung von 4a und dem Pyrophosphonsäureester 10.-Der Ablauf der Reaktionen wird diskutiert.
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    Modifizierte Synthese von tert.-Butylhydrazin (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 347-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160222
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    Reactions of 4-[4′-(1′,3′-Diphenylpyrazolyl)methylene]-2-phenyl-5-oxo-2-oxazoline with grignard reagents and diazoalkanes (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 363-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The title compound reacts with two moles of Grignard reagents with 1,2-addition to give the alcohol 4, and/or the oxazoline 5, or with 1,4-addition to give the amino ketone 6. A reaction mechanism is proposed. Diazomethane is always added to the exocyclic double bond in 1, but diphenyldiazomethane, in addition, replaces the carbonyl-oxygen by a benzhydrylidene group to give compound 9.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160303
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    The Stobbe Condensation with Indolyl-3-aldehyde. A synthesis of carbazole derivatives (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 386-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The condensation of indolyl-3-aldehyde with either dimethyl-, or dimethyl methylsuccinate in the presence of potassium t-butoxide gave predominatly the (E)-half esters 1a and 1b, whose configuration is inferred by cyclisation with sodium acetate in acetic anhydride to the corresponding carbazole derivatives 2. Hydrolysis of the above half esters gives the corresponding acids 1c and 1d, which can be converted to the anhydrides 3.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    Enzymatisch spaltbare, spezifische Transportformen von Cancerostatica. I. 4-[N,N-Bis-(2-chloräthyl)-amino]-phenyl-O-β-D-glucopyranosid (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 429-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird über die Synthese des 4-[N,N-Bis-(2-chloräthyl)-amino]-phenyl-O-β-D-glucopyranosids 2 berichtet, welches durch β-Glucosidasen in das cytostatisch hochwirksame 4-[N,N-Bis-(2-chloräthyl)-amino]-phenol 1 und Glucose gespalten wird.4-Amino-phenyl-O-β-D-glucopyranosidtetraacetat wird durch Äthylenchlorhydrin in Gegenwart von Natriumbicarbonat zum 4-[N,N-Bis-(2-hydroxyäthyl)-amino]-phenyl-O-β-D-glucopyranosidtetraacetat 4 umgesetzt, welches nach Chlorierung mit thionylchlorid/Pyridin und Entacetylierung in NaOCH3—MeOH—CH2Cl2 2 ergibt. Es wird über die Stabilität der Stickstofflostgruppe in 1 und 2 sowie über biologische Testungen kurz berichtet.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Dienoligomerisierung. XIIXI. Mitt.: J. Beger, H. Füllbier u. W. Gaube, J. prakt. Chem. 316, 173 (1974).. 3-Vinylcycloalkene durch Nickelkomplexkatalysierte Codimerisierung von Cycloalkadienen-(1,3) mit Äthylen (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 449-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cyclohexadien-(1,3), Cycloheptadien-(1,3) und Cyclooctadien-(1,3) setzen sich mit Äthylen unter Einwirkung von Nickelkomplexkatalysatoren zu den 3-Vinylcycloalkenen um, Cyclopentadien reagiert nicht.Es werden Reaktionsbedingungen und Zusammensetzung des Katalysatorsystems variiert.Die kinetische Untersuchung der Codimerisierung von Cyclohexadien-(1,3) mit Äthylen ergibt eine quadratische Abhängigkeit der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit von der Katalysatorkonzentration. Durch Verwendung von deuteriertem äthylen und methylsubstituierten Cyclohexadienen-(1,3) werden mechanistische Einblicke in die Reaktion erhalten.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160313
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    Folgeprodukte halogenierter Aldehyde. IV [1]. Additionen von Carbonsäuren, Carbonsäureamiden und Phenolen an N-Acyl-2,2,3-trichlorpropionaldimine (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 491-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch Addition von Carbonsäuren, Carbonsäureamiden und Phenolen an N-Acyl-2,2,3-trichlorpropionaldimine 3 entstehen N-(1-Acyloxy-2,2,3-trichlorpropyl)-säureamide 1a-e, 1,1-Bis-acylamino-2,2,3-trichlor-propane 2a-g bzw. N-(1-Aryloxy-2,2,3-trichlorpropyl)-säureamide 4a-f. Die 1,1-Bis-acylamino-2,2,3-trichlor-propane 2a, c, h, i lassen sich auch durch Umsetzung von 2,2,3-Trichlorpropionaldehyd mit Nitrilen bei Gegenwart von Schwefelsäure darstellen.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160318
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    Synthesis of New 10-Substituted Phenothiazine Derivatives (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 511-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160322
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    K. Schwabe, Physikalische Chemie. Band 1. XXIV, 696 S., 229 Abb., 90 Tab., 90 Tab. Akademic Verlag, Berlin 1973, 72, - M (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 526-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160326
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    Struktur-Reaktivitätsuntersuchungen mit heterosubstituierten Nitrilen. X. Untersuchung des sterischen Substituenteneinflusses bei der Phenol- und Amin-Addition an ArylcyanateHerrn Prof. Dr. G. Hilgetag mit den besten Wünschen zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 529-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Kinetik der Addition 2,6-disubstituierter Phenole und N-Methylaniline an 2, 6-disubstituierte Arylcyanate wurde zur Klärung des sterischen Substituenteneinflusses untersucht. Aus dem Vergleich der Geschwindigkeitskonstanten ist eine Reaktionsverzögerung durch 2, 6-Substituenten in der Reihe Phenole 〉 Arylcyanate 〉 Amine zu erkennen. Primärer und sekundärer sterischer Effekt wirken bei den Phenolen und Arylcyanaten in gleicher Richtung reaktionsverlangsamend. Bei den Aminen kompensiert der reaktionsbeschleunigende sekundäre teilweise den reaktivitätssenkenden primären sterischen Effekt.Die Ergebnisse bieten eine unabhängige Bestätigung des früher vorgeschlagenen sechsgliedrigen Übergangszustandes für die Addition.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160402
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    Reaktion von Acyl- und Sulfonylisocyanaten mit organischen HydroperoxidenHerrn Prof. Dr. G. Hilgetag mit den besten Wünschen zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 569-580 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Acyl- und Arylsulfonylisocyanate reagieren mit tert.-Butylhydroperoxid zu N-Acyl-(2) bzw. N-Arylsulfonylperoxycarbamidsäure-tert.-butylestern 3. Chlorsulfonylisocyanat gibt mit tert.-Butylhydroperoxid den instabilen N-Chlorsulfonylperoxycarbamidsäure-tert.-butylester 4, der mit Wasser zu Peroxycarbamidsäure-tert.- butylester 5, mit Alkoholen und Phenolen zu den entsprechenden N-Alkoxy- bzw. N-Aroxysulfonylderivaten reagiert und mit Aminen die entsprechenden N-(Aminosulfonyl)-peroxycarbamidsäure-tert.-butylester 7 liefert. Die thermische Zersetzung einiger Peroxycarbamidsäureester wurde untersucht.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160407
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    3-Hydroxy-pyrazole aus carbonylstabilisierten AzomethiniminenHerrn Prof. Dr. G. Hilgetag mit den besten Wünschen zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 886-894 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1-Aryliden-pyrazolidon-(3)-azomethinimine 5 lagern sich in protonischen Lösungsmitteln quantitativ in 1-substituierte 3-Hydroxy-pyrazole 2 um. Damit steht erstmalig eine einfache allgemeine Synthese für 2 zur Verfügung. IR- und 1H-NMR-Parameter, deren Signifikanz durch eindeutig synthetisierte 1-substituierte 3-Hydroxy-pyrazole 2 belegt ist, beweisen die Struktur der 3-Hydoxy-pyrazole 2.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160603
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    Organische Phosphorverbindungen. V. Darstellung und Reaktionsverhalten β,γ-Ungesättigter α-Hydroxyphosphonsäuredialkylester (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 1002-1012 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Phosphorigsäuredialkylester addieren sich an substituierte 2-Chloracroleine 4 zu β,γ-ungesättigten α-Hydroxy-phosphonsäuredialkylestern 6. Alkalijodide entalkylieren 6 zu Salzon des Typs 7, aus denen die Estersäuren 8 zugänglich sind. Die Kinetik von Entalkylierung und Hydrolyse ausgewählter Ester 6 wird untersucht und die Toxizität der Ester diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160618
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    Isotopic Exchange Reactions between Sodium Chloride and Benzyl Chlorides in mixed solvents (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 1041-1046 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160622
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    J. Mathieu, J. Weill-Raynal, Formation of C—C Bonds. Vol. I: Introduction of a Functional Carbon Atom. (Bildung von C—C Bindungen. Band I: Einführung eines Kohlenstoffatoms mit funktioneller Gruppe). XXV, 495 S., 1900 Formelschemata, 150 Tab. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart. 1973. DM 128,- (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 1054-1054 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160625
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    The Analytical Chemistry of Sulfur and its Compounds. Part I u. Part II. Herausgegeben von J. H. Karchmer. (Analytische Chemie des Schwefels und seiner Verbindungen) (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 1056-1056 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160627
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    Organoarsen-Verbindungen. XXIII. Darstellung imidomethylsubstituierter tertiärer Phosphine und Arsine (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 851-856 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Synthese der Phtalimidomethyl-, Succinimidomethyl- und o-Sulfobenzimidomethyl-diphenylphosphine sowie -arsine aus den entsprechenden MANNICH-Basen der cyclischen Imide und Diphenylphosphin und -arsin bzw, aus den Chlormethylimiden und Natriumdiphenylphosphid oder -arsid wird beschrieben. Die imidomethylsubstituierten Phosphine und Arsine 1-6 werden durch weitere chemische Umsetzungen und durch spektroskopische Untersuchungen näher charakterisiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160518
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    Masthead (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160101
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    Azoperoxide. I Synthese von trans-α-Hydroxy-dialkyldiazenen aus α-Alkylazo-alkylhydroperoxiden (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 47-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die durch Autoxydation von Alkylhydrazonen gebildeten α-Alkylazo-alkylhydroperoxide 9 lassen sich mit Triphenylphosphin in guten Ausbeuten zu den trans-α-Hydroxy-dialkyl-diazenen (α-Azoalkoholen) 10 reduzieren. Das Reduktionsverfahren erlaubt auch die Gewinnung der von Ketonen abgeleiteten α-Azoalkohole, die bisher nicht zugänglich waren. Die Darstellung einer Reihe von trans-α-Hydroxy-dialkyl-diazenen 10a-j und von α-Azo-alkylhydroperoxiden 9a-h wird beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160107
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    „Die Reaktion von N-(β-Halogenäthyl)-carbonäureamiden mit Diäthylamin“ (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 176-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160126
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    Struktur und Reaktivität aliphatischer Diazoverbindungen. XXI [1]. Elektrochemisches Verhalten von 4-Diazo-2,2,5,5-tetraalkylfuranidonen-(3) (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 286-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Halbstufenpotentiale der irreversiblen Oxydation der 4-Diazo-2,2,5,5-tetraalkylfuranidone-(3) 3 a-e an der rotierenden Pt-Scheibenelektrode [0,1 M N(C2H5)4ClO4/Acetonitril] sind infolge der fehlenden Resonanzstabilisierung der Diazonium-Radikalkationen 9 im Vergleich zu den anodischen Halbstufenpotentialen arylsubstituierter Diazomethan-Derivate 1 (E1/2 = +0,79 bis +1,76 V; GKE) zu beträchtlich positiveren Werten verschoben: E1/2 = +1,98 bis +2,19 V (GKE). Die Diazonium-Radikalkationen 9 werden in rascher Folgereaktion über das 2,2,5,5-Tetraalkylfuranidindion-(3,4) 7 als Zwischenprodukt in die Tetraalkyldiglykolsäure 10 umgewandelt, wie durch potentiostatische Oxydation von 4-Diazo-2,2,5,5-tetramethylfuranidon-(3) 3 a bei +2,3 V gezeigt werden konnte. An der Hg-Tropfelektrode [0,1 M N(C2H5)4ClO4/Dimethylformamid] werden 4-Diazo-2,2,5,5-tetraalkylfuranidone-(3) 3 a-c in einem reversiblen, einelektronigen Vorgang zu Diazonium-Radikalanionen 12 reduziert (E1/2 = -1,12 bis -1,17 V; GKE). Die Reversibilität des Elektrodenprozesses konnte durch Aufnahme des Oszillopolarogramms von 3 a bestätigt werden. Die Lebensdauer der Radikalanionen 12 ist durch irreversible Folgereaktionen begrenzt. über den Mechanismus dieser Folgereaktionen sind bisher keine Aussagen möglich. Durch Anwendung der cyclischen Voltammetrie konnte ausgeschlossen werden, daß durch elektrophilen Angriff des 4-Diazo-furanidons-(3) 3 auf das Radikalanion 12 das Radikalanion des Azins des 2,2,5,5-Tetraalkylfuranidindions-(3,4) 13 gebildet wird.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160214
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    Der Ringgrößeneinfluß cyclischer Aminogruppen auf die 13C-NMR-chemischen Verschiebungen der Polymethinkohlenstoffatome einfacher Cyanine (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 344-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160221
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    Elektrochemisches Verhalten von N-Aryl-Δ2-pyrazolinen. II [1]. Anodische Oxydation von 1,3,5-Triaryl-Δ2-pyrazolinen und 4,4′-Bis-[3,5-diaryl-Δ2-pyrazolinyl-(1)]-biphenylen in Acetonitril (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 267-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die elektrochemische Oxydation der 1,3,5-Triaryl-Δ2-pyrazoline 1a-w und der 4,4′-Bis-[3,5-diaryl-Δ2-pyrazolinyl-(1)]-biphenyle 4a-j in Acetonitril wurde mit Hilfe der Polarographie an der rotierenden Scheibenelektrode, der zyklischen Voltammetrie und der Elektrolyse bei kontrolliertem Potential bei gleichzeitigen coulometrischen Messungen untersucht. Dabei wurde gefunden, daß das anodische Verhalten von 1 in entscheidendem Maße durch Substitution der para-Stellung der 1-Arylgruppe bestimmt wird. Während die Oxydation der 1-Phenyl-3,5-diaryl-Δ2-pyrazoline 1a und 1c-1 n unter Aufnahme von 2 Faraday/Mol zu den Dikationen 6 der entsprechenden Dimeren 4 führt, bleibt sie bei Blockierung dieser Position auf der Stufe der Radikalkationen 3 der Monomeren stehen, die nur im Falle des 1-p-Nitrophenyl-3,5-diphenyl-Δ2-pyrazolins 1w in langsamer Folgereaktion zum Pyrazol 2w weiterreagieren. Substituenten beeinflussen das anodische Halbstufenpotential in Abhängigkeit von ihrer Stellung in der 1-, 3- oder 5-Phenylgruppe in abnehmendem Maße, wobei elektronenziehende Gruppen eine positivierende und elektronendrückende Gruppen eine negativierende Wirkung besitzen. Es wird gezeigt, daß sich unter dem Einfluß der Substituenten die Reaktivität der Radikalkationen 3 in gleichem Maße erhöht, wie ihre oxydative Bildung erschwert wird. Die Strukturabhängigkeit der Oxydations- und Reduktionshalbstufenpotentiale gestattet darüber hinaus eine Interpretation des Substituenteneffektes auf die Lage der Absorptions- und Fluoreszenzmaxima sowie auf die STOKES-sche Verschiebung der Triarylpyrazoline. Die Darstellung der Verbindungen 4 a-j aus den entsprechenden Monomeren durch oxydative Dimerisierung mit Eisen(III)-chlorid sowie deren Absorptions- und Fluoreszenzspektren werden beschrieben.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160213
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    Masthead (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160301
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    Organophosphorus compounds. XXI. The Reaction of Alkyl Phosphites with 10-Methyleneanthrone and 10-Arylideneanthrones (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 377-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of triethyl and trimethyl phosphites with 10-methyleneanthrone 1a, 10-benzylideneanthrone 1b, 10-(p-chlorobenzylidene)anthrone 1c, 10-(p-methoxybenzylidene)anthrone 1d and 10-(diphenylmethylene)anthrone 1e, has been investigated. Depending on the experimental conditions, reaction of 1a with triethyl phosphite gives diethyl (10-ethoxy-9-anthryl)methylphosphonate 3a and/or the spiroanthrone 8a, whereas, with trimethyl phosphite, dimethyl [(9, 10-dihydro-10-oxo-9-anthryl)methyl]phosphonate 11a is formed. Compound 1b on reaction with trimethyl phosphite yields dimethyl [α-(9,10-dihydro-10-oxo-9-anthryl) benzyl]phosphonate 11b. Reaction of 1c with triethyl phosphite and trimethyl phosphite gives rise to diethyl [p-chloro-α-(10-ethoxy-9-anthryl)benzyl]phosphonate 3c and dimethyl [p-chloro-α-(9,10-dihydro-10-oxo-9-anthryl)benzyl]phosphonate 11c respectively. Compounds 1d and 1e did not react with alkyl phosphites.Possible reaction mechanisms are considered and the structural assignments are based on analytical and spectroscopic results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160305
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    Zur Kinetik des thermischen Zerfalls von Pentandion-(2,3), II [1]. Thermische und durch Methylradikale initiierte Spaltung von Pentandion-(2,3) bei geringen Umsätzen (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 415-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In den Temperaturbereichen 362,5-397,5°C und 241,5-277°C wurden der thermische und der durch Azomethan initiierte Zerfall von Pentandion-(2,3) bei Umsätzen 〈 5% kinetisch untersucht. Der thermische Zerfall verläuft über kurze Radikalketten mit Kettenlängen von etwa 10 und kann durch ein Zeitgesetz 1. Ordnung mit den Zerfallskonstanten \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm k}_{{\rm brutto}} = 10^{(17,9 \pm 1,0)} {\rm e}^{ - {\rm (67500} \pm {\rm 2900)/RT}} {\rm s}^{ - 1} $$\end{document} beschrieben werden.Für die Relativgeschwindigkeiten der H-Abspaltung durch Methyl- und Äthylradikale von den C-Atomen C1, C4 und C5 wurde ein Verhältnis 1 : 4,5 : 0,3 gefunden. Neben H-Abspaltungen spielen radikalische Substitutionsreaktionen als kettenfortpflanzende Schritte eine entscheidende Rolle. Für zwei Quotienten der Geschwindigkeitskonstanten kH-Abspaltung/kSubstitution werden kinetische Parameter gegeben.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160309
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    3-(α-Cyanoarylidene)phthalides and Related Compounds. Part I (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 463-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The formation of 3-(α-cyanoarylidene)phthalides 1a-g, by interaction of benzyl cyanides with phthalic anhydrides was studied under various conditions. The by-products, accompanying 3-(α-cyanobenzal)phthalide 1a, were identified as phthalimide, benzalphthalide 2 and 3-(α-carbamoylbenzal)phthalide 6.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160314
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  • 81
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    Reaktionen von Imino-bis-carbimidsäureestern mit Isocyanaten (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 128-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Imino-bis-carbimidsäureester 1 reagieren mit Isocyanaten zu 2-Alkoxy-5-aryl-6-imino-4-oxo-1, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydro-1, 3, 5-triazinen 4a-j und zu 5-Aryl-2, 6-dialkoxy-4-oxo-4, 5-dihydro-1, 3, 5-triazinen 5a-j. Versuche zur Strukturaufklärung der Reaktionsprodukte werden beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160117
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  • 82
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    Modifizierte Aminosäuren und Peptide. I. Synthese von Aminoacyl- und Peptid-Derivaten des 2-Amino-2-phenyl-indandions-(1,3) (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 140-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch Umsetzung von 2-Amino-2-phenyl-indandion-(1, 3) mit N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-geschützten Aminosäuren mittels Dicyclohexylcarbodiimid werden die entsprechenden Aminoacylverbindungen 2-6 erhalten. Nach Abspaltung der Schutzgruppe lassen sich daraus Dipeptid (16-18)- und Tripeptid(20)-Derivate herstellen.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160119
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  • 83
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    Reactions with 6-Substituted 2,3-Dihydro-7H-thiazolo[3,2-b]as-triazine-3,7-diones (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 163-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160123
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  • 84
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    Masthead (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160201
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  • 85
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    Chinonfarbstoffe. III. Die Molekül- und Kristallstruktur des 2,5-Pentamethylenimino-1,4-benzochinons, C16H22N2O2 (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 199-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Das Strukturprinzip des kristallisierten 2,5-Pentamethylenimino-1,4-benzochinons konnte mit der SAP-Methode aufgefunden werden. Die Verfeinerung der Struktur erfolgte durch dreidimensionale Fouriermethoden und anisotrope least-squares-Rechnungen. Der abschließende R-Index für 1 270 auf Filmen registrierte Reflexe beträgt 0,096. Die Abmessungen der Elementarzelle sind: a = 6,858 Å; b = 8,432 Å; c = 6,659 Å; α = 86,78°; β = 99,75°; γ = 108,68°. Die Raumgruppe ist P 1. Es liegt ein zentrosymmetrisches Molekül in der Elementarzelle.Im Chinonring tritt ein extrem langer C—C-Abstand mit 1,522 Å auf, die beiden anderen C—C-Abstände im Chinonring betragen 1,364 Å und 1,433 Å. Bemerkenswert sind die drei sehr unterschiedlichen Bindungslängen am dreibindigen N-Atom. Ein N—C-Abstand beträgt 1,361 Å, die beiden anderen N—C-Abstände betragen 1,477 Å bzw. 1,480 Å. Das Molekül kann in seiner Elektronenstruktur ähnlich wie die Moleküle in [1] und [2] nicht als chinonähnlich betrachtet werden. Es enthält vielmehr Polymethin-Polyen-ähnliche Bauelemente.Die Geometrie des Piperidin-Ringes entspricht vollständig den Erwartungswerten, sowohl hinsichtlich der Bindungslängen als auch der Bindungswinkel. Er hat exakte Sesselform.Der Kristallverband kann als dreidimensional dichte Packung der C16H22N2O2-Moleküle angesehen werden. Es berühren sich intermolekular fast ausschließlich Wasserstoffatome untereinander.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160205
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  • 86
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    Reactions with 5-Substituted 2-Thiazolidinone-4-thiones. Part IVFor Part I, II and III cf. references [2], [3] and [4], respectively. (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 209-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 5-Arylidene-2-thiazolidinone-4-thiones 1 undergo Michael type reactions with Ω-nitrostyrene, α,β-unsaturated ketones and N-arylmaleimides to give the corresponding 7-aryl-tetrahydro-7H-thiopyrano[2,3-d]thiazole-2-one derivatives 3 and 4. Arylmagnesium bromides add to the lateral double bond of 5-arylidene-3-phenyl-2-thiazolidinone-4-thiones 5 to yield products 6. With phenyl-hydrazine at room temperature, 1 or 5 yield the corresponding aldehyde phenylhydrazones and 4-phenyl-hydrazono-2-thiazolidinone or its 3-phenyl derivative. The thione group in 5-diaryl-methyl-2-thiazolidinone-4-thiones condenses with phenylhydrazine to yield 5-diarylmethyl-4-phenyl-hydrazono-2-thiazolidinones 9.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160206
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  • 87
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    Inkrementenmethode zur Vorausberechnung der 1H-chemischen Verschiebungen von Bicyclo[2,2,1]hepten-Derivaten (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 645-648 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mit Hilfe einer linearen Ausgleichsrechnung wurden die Inkremente einer Reihe von Substituenten ermittelt, die es gestatten, die 1H-chemischen Verschiebungen der Signale der endo- und exo-ständigen Protonen von in 5- bzw. 6-Stellung substituierten Bicyclo[2,2,1]hepten-(2)-Derivaten zu berechnen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160416
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  • 88
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    Markierte Polypeptide. IV. Synthese von [1-14C]Glycin10-α-Melanotropin (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 679-683 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Das melanocytenstimulierende Hormon α-Melanotropin wurde durch Fragmentkondensation des N-terminalen Acetyltetrapeptids mit dem Pentapeptid der Sequenz 5 bis 9, Verlängerung des Nonapeptids mit 14C-Glycin und Kupplung des radioaktiven Dekapeptids mit dem C-terminalen Tripeptidamid aufgebaut. Aus dem so erhaltenen geschützten Acetyltridekapeptidamid wurde nach Abspaltung der Schutzgruppen radioaktives α-Melanotropin mit einer spezifischen Aktivität von 34 mCi/mMol und einer biologischen Aktivität von 2 · 1010Einheiten/g erhalten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160420
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  • 89
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    Folgeprodukte halogenierter Aldehyde. V. N-(p-Toluolsulfonyl)-2,2,3-trichlorpropionaldimin (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 698-702 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: N-(p-Toluolsulfonyl)-2,2,3-trichlorpropionaldimin 1 wird durch Kochen von 2,2,3-Trichlorpropionaldehyd mit N-Sulfinyl-p-toluolsulfonamid in Benzol dargestellt. Es addiert Alkohole, Mercaptane und Amine unter Bildung von N-(1-Alkoxy-2,2,3-trichlorpropyl)- (3a, b), N-(1-Alkylmercapto-2,2,3-trichlorpropyl)- (4a-d) bzw. N-(1-Amino-2,2,3-trichlorpropyl)-p-toluolsulfonamiden 5a-d. Carbonsäureamide bilden mit dem Aldimin 1 1-Acylamino-1-p-toluolsulfonylamino-2,2,3-trichlor-propane 6a, b, die auch durch Anlagern von p-Toluolsulfonamid an N-Acyl-2,2,3-trichlorpropionaldimine 7 gewonnen werden können. Das Aldimin 1 ist befähigt, mit Dimethylbutadien eine DIELS-ALDER-Reaktion einzugehen, dabei entsteht das Tetrahydropyridin-Derivat 8.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160423
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    Hydrazinverbindungen als Heterobestandteile in Peptiden. XIXXVIII. Mitt.: J. prakt. Chem. 316, 729 (1974), voranstehend.. Synthese von Eledoisinpeptiden, die den N2-Methyl-carbazoyl-Rest „Azaalanin“ enthalten (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 741-749 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ausgehend von N2-Methyl-carbazoyl-phenylalanin-methylester wurden Acylierbarkeit, Verseifung sowie die Peptidverknüpfung von Azaalaninpeptiden untersucht. Es werden ein der C-terminalen Eledoisinsequenz analoges Hexapeptid und ein Heptapeptid dargestellt, in denen der α-Kohlenstoff des Alanins in Position 6 durch Stickstoff ersetzt ist. Der Einfluß der veränderten Raumstruktur auf die biologische Wirkung wird diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160505
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  • 91
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    NMR-Parameter und CNDO/2-Berechnungen von einfachen Cyaninen, Merocyaninen und Oxonolen (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 766-772 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die einfachsten Polymethine - Cyanine, Merocyanine und Oxonole - wurden unter Verwendung von röntgenstrukturanalytisch bestimmten Bindungsabständen und -winkeln in CNDO/2-Näherung berechnet. Die erhaltenen Elektronendichten an den Polymethinkohlenstoffatomen sowie die Quadrate der ss- Bindungsordnungen bzw. die ss-Atom-Atom-Polarisierbarkeiten zwischen direkt gebundenen Kohlenstoff- und Wasserstoffatomen und vicinal gebundenen Wasserstoff-atomen der Methinfragmente korrelieren mit den entsprechenden NMR-Parametern, 13C-chemischen Verschiebungen, 13C—H-Kopplungskonstanten und H—C—C—H-Kopplungskonstanten.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160508
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  • 92
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    Elektrochemisches Verhalten von N-Aryl-Δ2-pyrazolinen. III. Anodische Oxydation von 1-Phenyl-Δ2-pyrazolin und Bis-[1-phenyl-Δ2-pyrazolinyl-(3)] (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 795-803 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die anodische Dimerisierung von 1-Phenyl-Δ2-pyrazolin 1 in Acetonitril führt wie die Oxydation mit Eisen(III)-chlorid über die Zwischenstufe der Radikalkationen 3 dieser Verbindung mit guten Ausbeuten zu Bis-[1-phenyl-Δ2-pyrazolinyl-(3)] 2. Dieses von den 1-Phenyl-3,5-diaryl-Δ2-pyrazolinen abweichende Verhalten beweist, daß das bei 3 unbesetzte Kohlenstoffatom 3 des Pyrazolinringes eine höhere Reaktivität besitzt als das unter Bildung von Biphenylderivaten reagierende para-ständige Kohlenstoffatom der N-Phenylgruppe. Die polarographische, oszillopolarographische, coulometrische und spektroskopische Verfolgung des elektrochemischen Verhaltens von 2 ergab, daß letztere Position erst bei dessen Dikation 6 in Reaktion tritt, wobei ein Tetrameres von 1 entsteht. Die Radikalkationen 5 des Dimeren 2 sind hingegen in Acetonitril stabil.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160512
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    DIELS-ALDER-Reaktionen. III. Mitt. CH. DUSCHEK, W. Höbold, W. PRITZKOW, B. ROTHENHÄUSSER, H. SCHMIDT, W. ENGLER, D. ESTEL, H. G. HAUTHAL, J. KORN u. G. ZIMMERMANN, J. prakt. Chem. 312, 15 (1970).. Über die Anwendung linearer Freier-Energie-Beziehungen auf DIELS-ALDER-Reaktionen (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 804-816 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die DIELS-ALDER-Reaktionen einiger C5-Diene mit verschiedenen Philodienen wurden kinetisch untersucht. Auf Grund der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten mit Cyclopentadien in Dioxan bei 30°C kann man eine allgemeine Dienophilie-Skala definieren, mit der sich die Geschwindigkeiten von Diels-Alder-Reaktionen anderer Diene nach dem Prinzip der linearen Freien-Energie-Beziehungen korrelieren lassen.Lineare Freie-Energie-Beziehungen mit Parametern der Lösungsmittelpolarität lassen sich nicht nur für das endo/exo-Verhältnis der Reaktionsprodukte aus Cyclopentadien und Acrylmonomeren, sondern auch für die Geschwindigkeiten dieser Diels-Alder-Reaktionen aufstellen. Das spricht für relativ stark polare Übergangszustände bei Diels-Alder-Reaktionen von Dienkohlen-wasserstoffen mit stark polaren Philodienen.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160513
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    Chemie angeregter Zustände. VIV. Mitt.: M. SCHOLZ, F. DIETZ u. M. Mühlstädt, Tetrahedron Letters [London] 1970, 2835.. PPP-Typ-Berechnungen der Elektronenspektren der fünf stellungsisomeren α-Styrylazulene (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 857-865 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mit einer variablen-β,γ-SCF-LCI-Methode wurden die π-Elektronenspektren der Titelverbindungen in ihrer s-trans-Konfiguration berechnet. Die Ergebnisse stehen in guter Übereinstimmung mit dem Experiment. Zur Interpretation der Spektren wurden die berechneten Übergänge nach KURODA et al. aufgeschlüsselt. Die längstwellige Bande entspricht einem schwach gestörten 1A → 1Lb-Übergang des Azulens. Die um 25 kcm-1 liegende Bande besitzt ebenfalls noch ausgeprägte Ähnlichkeit mit dem 1A → 1La-Übergang des Azulens, der jedoch durch den Styrylrest stark intensiviert und bathochrom verschoben wird. Die Übergänge oberhalb 30 kcm-1 zeigen z.T. beträchtlichen inneren charge-transfer-Charakter.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160519
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  • 95
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    Elektrophile Substitution am N-[Pyridyl-(2)]-thiazolyl-(2)-aminHerrn Prof. Dr. G. Hilgetag zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 881-885 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Reaktionen von N-[Pyridyl-(2)]-thiazolyl-(2)-amin 1 mit Elektrophilen werden im Hinblick auf die relative nucleophile Reaktivität von Pyridin und Thiazol untersucht. Es wird über die Bromierung, Nitrierung, Sulfonierung sowie Aminoalkylierung von 1 berichtet. Alle Reaktionen verlaufen selektiv unter Substitution der 5-Position des Thiazolrings. Die NMR-Daten von 1 und seiner Substitutionsprodukte werden mitgeteilt.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160602
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    Oxydative Dimerisierung von 1,4-Dithiafulvenen (2-Methylen-1,3-dithiolen)Herrn Prof. Dr. G. Hilgetag zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 907-912 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bei der Oxydation der elektronenreichen 1,4-Dithiafulvene 1 bilden sich unter Dimerisierung als Endprodukte die Dikationen 5. Diese sind Endstufe eines zweistufigen Redoxsystems, das außerdem aus den Formen 7 (Radikalkation) und 8 (elektronenreiches Butadien) besteht.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160606
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    2-Hydrazinothiophen-3-carbonsäureester (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 878-880 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160522
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    D-Gluconsäure-δ-lacton als hydrophiler Baustein von TensidenHerrn Prof. Dr. G. Hilgetag mit den besten Wünschen zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 895-900 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Synthese von nichtionogenen Tensiden aus N,N-Bis-[2-gluconylamino-äthyl]-amin und Alkylisocyanaten sowie Alkansäuren wird beschrieben. Die grenzflächenaktiven Eigenschaften der erhaltenen Produkte werden untersucht.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160604
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthese von N-Acylderivaten des C-terminalen Physalaemin-Hexapeptids (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 638-644 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird ein neuer Syntheseweg für N-Acylderivate der C-terminalen Partialsequenz 6-11 von Physalaemin beschrieben, der zur Herstellung von Acetyl- und Trifluoracetyl-Derivaten angewandt wurde.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160415
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantenchemische Berechnungen zur Molekülstruktur konjugierter Verbindungen. III.II. Mitteilung vgl. [5]; I. Mitteilung vgl. [4].. Vergleichende π- und Allvalenzelektronen-MO-Berechnungen an Butadien-(1,3), Glyoxal und Biphenyl (1974)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 659-666 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Verschiedene quantenchemische Näherungsverfahren (HMO-NBI, SCF-PPP-NBI, EHT, CNDO/FK, MINDO/2, NDDO) werden zur Bestimmung der Molekülstruktur der Titelverbindungen benutzt und die Ergebnisse im Lichte neuerer experimenteller Befunde diskutiert. NDDO-Berechnungen am Glyoxal zeigen, daß die inkorrekte Behandlung der Elektronenwechselwirkung zwischen den Heteroatomen untereinander und den anderen Atomen des Moleküls für die falsche Beschreibung des Potentialverlaufs durch die meisten anderen Allvalenzelektronenverfahren verantwortlich ist. Den Ergebnissen der Allvalenzelektronen-MO-Verfahren werden die Resultate von π-Elektronenmethoden unter Berücksichtigung nichtbindender Wechselwirkungen gegenübergestellt und ihr Anwendungsbereich diskutiert. Die Einbeziehung nichtbindender Wechselwirkungen in den PPP-Formalismus hängt in hohem Maße von der Gesamtparametrisierung und der Berechnung der Kernabstoßung ab.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160418
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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