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  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (186)
  • 1975  (186)
  • Electron microscopy  (111)
  • Ultrastructure  (75)
  • Nuclear reactions
Materialart
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (186)
Jahr
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 368 (1975), S. 99-108 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Electron microscopy ; Calcium ; Parathyroid glands ; Chief cells ; Oxyphil cells
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Using the potassium pyroantimonate technique for ultrastructural localization of cations and X-ray elemental analysis with both energy dispersive and wave-length dispersive systems, calcium-containing precipitates were found in normal, hyperplastic and adenomatous human parathyroid glands. Differences were observed between oxyphil cells, and suppressed, stimulated and active chief cells in the content and localization of intracellular precipitation. The oxyphil cells and suppressed chief cells possessed precipitates mainly in nuclei and medium-sized and large mitochondria, whereas the stimulated chief cells possessed precipitates in normal-appearing and morphologically altered mitochondria, and in smooth-surfaced vacuoles and cytosol. The active chief cells usually showed a rather sparse precipitation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 369 (1975), S. 19-27 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency ; Liver ; Electron microscopy ; Endoplasmic reticulum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Fourteen liver biopsies from twelve young patients with liver diseases associated with homozygous, PiZZ phenotype, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency in their sera were examined by electron microscopy. In all these biopsies characteristic homogeneous material was found in some hepatocytes and corresponded, when observed on adjacent semithin sections by light microscopy, to the deposit stained by periodic acid Schiff reaction. The accumulation in perinuclear spaces resulted in intranuclear invaginations, but the major deposit was located in lumens of the endoplasmic reticulum. The limiting membranes were rough and smooth but the extent of the latter was so large that only this type of reticulum seemed peculiarly involved in the accumulating process. On the contrary, Golgi complexes did not seen obligatorily involved by this process because, when observed, they appeared almost normal even in heavily overloaded liver cells. At least for the PiZZ phenotype, the abnormal substance would be an asialo form of normal alpha-1-antitrypsin. Thus the subject of this study is the morphologic translation of an impairment in the synthesis of a glycoprotein. In the light of data concerning the synthesis of such proteins our findings lead us to suggest: The ultrastructural patterns observed in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency cannot give the expected morphologic evidence of the biochemical data which locate the first binding steps of monosaccharide residues in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The absence of sialic acid could not result from an enzymatic defect primarily located in Golgi complexes but could be secondary to an impairment in the binding of one monosaccharide residue which improves subsequent fixation of sialic acid, in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Finally it seems necessary to emphasize that the relationship between the abnormal substance and various important non specific lesions is largely unknown and that we don't know the significance of polymorphous dense bodies observed in ductular cells during the cholestatic period.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 210 (1975), S. 191-198 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Schlagwort(e): Pallidumdegeneration ; Bielschowsky bodies ; Lafora bodies ; Corpora amylacea ; Ultrastructure ; Torsion dystonia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Bei einem 60 Jahre alt gewordenen Mann, mit einer bis in die Kindheit zurückreichenden und extrem langsam progredienten, wahrscheinlich torsionsdystonischen bzw. choreoathetoiden Bewegungsstörung, fand sich eine isolierte Degeneration des äußeren Pallidumgliedes mit intraneuronaler Ablagerung von Bielschowsky-Körperchen und nur geringgradigem Nervenzellausfall. Die Bielschowsky-Körperchen zeigen den gleichen Aufbau wie Corpora amylacea und Lafora-Körperchen. Sie dürften ebenfalls Produkt einer cellulären, vorwiegend den Kohlenhydrat-stoffwechsel treffenden Dysmetabolie sein, die allerdings hier exquisit systembezogen auf die Neurone des äußeren Pallidumgliedes begrenzt ist und erst sehr spät bei fortgeschrittener Stapelung der Metabolite zum Untergang der Nervenzellen führt. Dieser Umstand erklärt den überaus torpiden Verlauf der Erkrankung.
    Notizen: Summary In a 60-year-old man with a very slowly progressive motor disturbance probably of torsion dystonic or choreoathetotic type which started in childhood, we found an isolated degeneration of the exterior pallidum with intraneuronal deposition of Bielschowsky bodies and only slight deficit of neurons. The Bielschowsky bodies show the same structure as corpora amylacea and Lafora bodies. They might also be the result of a cellular disturbance mainly concerning the carbohydrate metabolism. In this case they are localised only in the neurons of the exterior part of the pallidum—in contrast to the organogenitically otherwise deriving (from the nuel. entopeduncularis) intact neurons of the pallidum internum—and they induce, after an excessive accumulation of the metabolites, not till extremely late loss of neurons. This circumstance explains the very torpid progress of this disease.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 368 (1975), S. 253-274 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Tumors of the skin ; Histogenesis ; Classification ; Labyrinth nuclei ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Es wird über den Feinbau folgender Hauttumoren berichtet: Dermatofibrom (7 Fälle), Histiozytom (4 Fälle), Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (1 Fall) und Fibroxanthom (1 Fall). Aufgrund ihrer unterschiedlichen ultrastrukturellen Merkmale ist eine zweifache Unterteilung dieser Hauttumoren möglich: In eine Tumorgruppe, umfassend das Dermatofibrom, Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans und Fibroxanthom, bei der die Faserbildung im Vordergrund steht und für deren Histogenese Fibroblasten angenommen werden können. Diese Tumortypen unterscheiden sich vom Histiozytom, dessen Zellcharakter vor allem durch die stark ausgeprägte Phagozytose- und Speichertätigkeit (Fett und Hämosiderin) bestimmt wird und für welches eine histogenetische Ableitung von Histiozyten wahrscheinlich ist. Die Zellkerne des Dermatofibromes und des Histiozytomes weisen einen einfachen Oberflächenverlauf auf, die des Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans und Fibroxanthomes haben hingegen sehr stark gegliederte Formationen („Labyrinthkerne”). Diese Kernsegmentierung ist für das Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans ein morphologisches Korrelat seiner Semimalignität. Eine Klassifizierung der faserbildenden Tumoren als „fibröse Histiozytome” erscheint aufgrund der ultrastrukturellen Analyse nicht gerechtfertigt.
    Notizen: Summary A report on the ultrastructure of the following skin tumors: dermatofibroma (7 cases), histiocytoma (4 cases), dermatof ibrosarcoma protuberans (1 case), and fibroxanthoma (1 case). Because of their different ultrastructural characteristics a division into two groups is possible: one group of tumors would include dermatofibroma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, and fibroxanthoma, where the formation of fibers is extensive and fibroblasts are suggested for its histogenesis. These types of tumor differ from histiocytoma, the cellular character of which is determined by a very pronounced phagocytosis and storage of lipid and hemosiderin; a histogenesis from histiocytes is probable. The nuclei of dermatofibroma and histiocytoma show a simple surfacedevelopment, whereas the nuclei of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and fibroxanthoma show multisegmented nuclei (“labyrinth nuclei”). In the case of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans this kind of nuclear segmentation seems to be a morphologic correlate of its semimalignancy. Based on ultrastructural analysis a classification of these fiber-producing tumors into “fibrous histiocytomas” is not justified.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 367 (1975), S. 171-179 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Kidney failure ; Pregnancy ; Electron microscopy ; Hemolytic-uremicsyndrome ; Basement membrane ; Endothelium
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The clinico-pathological data from a patient with irreversible post-partum renal failure (IPRF) are presented. The electron microscopy of the late changes are described for the first time and consists of: 1. Thickening of the basement membrane. 2. Interposition of mesangial cells and matrix between the thickened basement membrane and the endothelial cell encircling the periphery of the tuft. 3. Multiplication of basal lamina material between mesangial cells and endothelial cells. 4. Proliferation of endothelial cells. All of the above changes tend to obliterate the glomerular tufts and transform the vascular lumina into slit-like spaces. They explain morphologically why most patients with IPRF terminate in chronic renal failure, if they survive the early changes. The late occurring hypertension is regarded as a secondary stimulation of the renin-angiotension system caused by partial or complete occlusion of arteries and arterioles.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 369 (1975), S. 111-121 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Atherosclerosis ; apoB ; LDL ; VLDL ; Immunoperoxidase ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The fine-structural localization of apoB, the major protein constituent of both the low and very low density plasma lipoprotein fractions, was described in human middle cerebral and basilar arteries. Using an immunoperoxidase technique together with electron microscopy, apoB was localized only in arteries with atherosclerotic involvement and to the following regions in these arteries: 1. on the outer aspects of extracellular spherical structures with diameters of 250 to 700 Å found predominantly in lipid cores and between bands of collagen fibers of advanced atherosclerotic lesions; 2. on the surface of reduplicated elastica; 3. along collagen fibers and; 4. on aggregates of extracellular spherical lipid globules. These results suggest that the extracellular spheres may represent the fine-structural morphology of deposited low and very low density lipoproteius and that free apoB may be bound to lipid globules, elastica, and collagen fibers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 211 (1975), S. 61-68 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Schlagwort(e): Niemann-Pick ; Liver ; Sural nerve ; Ultrastructure ; Lipids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Das klinische, biochemische und ultrastrukturelle Bild einer Sphingolipidose vom Typ Niemann-Pick wurde an Hand eines Patienten mit der infantilen Form (A) dargestellt. Die Diagnose wurde klinisch auf Grund einer rasch progredienten psychomotorischen Retardation mit Hepatosplenomegalie sowie typischen Schaumzellen im Knochenmark gestellt und durch den Nachweis von exzessiver Speicherung von Sphingomyelin in einer Leberbiopsie und das Fehlen der Sphingomyelinase bestätigt. Ultrastrukturell konnte eine Anhäufung von präsumptiven Phospholipiden in den Lysosomen von Leber und peripherem Nerv festgestellt werden. Obwohl weder eine axonale Degeneration noch eine Demyelinisierung im biopsierten Nerv gefunden werden konnte, war die Nervenleitgeschwindigkeit in den peripheren Nerven beim Patienten schon bei der Diagnosestellung deutlich herabgesetzt. Die Bedeutung der Befunde wurde diskutiert.
    Notizen: Summary A diagnosis of Niemann-Pick disease type A was made in a 6-month-old boy on the grounds of progressive psychomotor retardation, hepatosplenomegaly, typical foam cells in the bone marrow and a deficiency of sphingomyelinase in a liver biopsy. Typical ultrastructural changes in lysosomes were found in hepatocytes and in Schwann cells. In spite of the absence of gross morphological changes in the axons and in the myelin sheath of the peripheral nerve biopsy, the nerve conduction velocity in the patient was greatly reduced. The ultrastructural aspect of the lysosomal inclusion suggested the storage of a phospholipid. Biochemical analysis of the liver biopsy demonstrated an increased content of total phospholipid of which sphingomyelin made up for more than 60%. The significance of these data are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 146 (1975), S. 265-277 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Granulocytopoiesis ; Perihepatic layer ; Mesothelium ; Amphibia ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Der Peritoneal-Überzug und die subkapsuläre Region der Leber von Xenopus laevis wurden mit dem Elektronenmikroskop untersucht. Dabei wurde festgestellt, daß in der subkapsulären Region eine zwei bis zehn Zellschichten starke perihepatische Schicht vorhanden ist. Die perihepatische Schicht setzt sich zum größten Teil aus granulocytopoetischem Gewebe zusammen. Es wurden jedoch auch Lymphocyten, Pigmentzellen und Fettspeicherzellen gefunden. Das Vorhandensein einer perihepatischen granulocytopoetischen Schicht bei Xenopus laevis steht im Gegensatz zu der bisherigen Auffassung, daß die perihepatische Schicht ein typisches Merkmal der Urodelen sei. Es werden die phylogenetische Bedeutung einer solchen Schicht bei Anuren sowie die Entwicklungsvorgänge der einzelnen Zelltypen der perihepatischen Schicht diskutiert. Außerdem wird auf die mögliche Bedeutung der perihepatischen Schicht für immun-Vorgänge verwiesen.
    Notizen: Summary The peritoneal cover and the subcapsular region of the liver of Xenopus laevis were examined with electron microscopy. In the subcapsular region a prominent perihepatic layer two to ten cells wide was found. This perihepatic layer is mainly composed of granulocytopoietic tissue. Other cell types found in the perihepatic layer were lymphocytes, pigment cells and fat storing cells. The presence of a perihepatic granulocytopoietic layer in the liver of Xenopus laevis is in contrast to current opinion that such a layer is a characteristic typical of urodeles. The phylogenetic significance of such a layer in anurans and the developmental processes of the individual cell types of the perihepatic layer are discussed. Furthermore the possible participation of the perihepatic layer in the immune response is considered
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 146 (1975), S. 225-243 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Differentiation ; Sympathetic ganglion ; Culture ; Electron microscopy ; Histochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Immature sympathetic ganglia prepared from 51/2- or 6-day-old chick embryos were cultured up to one month. The in vitro development was followed by phase microscopy, electron microscopy and using histochemistry for catecholamines, monoamine oxidase and cholinesterases. During the first week of culture extensive plexuses of nerve fibres were formed between and around the clusters of nerve cells. Mature-looking neurons were observed in the cultures by phase microscopy after three weeks, at which age the mean diameter of the perikarya was more than doubled. Varying catecholamine fluorescence was observed in the perikarya during the entire culture period. The nerve fibres showed usually only weak fluorescence, but, in the older cultures, bright varicosities were regularly found in the fibres. Monoamine oxidase activity was demonstrated already at three days of culture and the reaction was maintained positive. Weak or moderate acetyl-cholinesterase activity was demonstrated in the sympathicoblasts and young sympathetic neurons and their processes. The axolemma showed acetylcholinesterase activity also around the nerve terminals containing small dense cored vesicles. Reactions for the non-specific cholinesterases were negative. Electron microscopy of the 30-day-old cultures revealed that the clusters of nerve cells consisted of mature sympathetic neurons, which contained large (60–200 nm) and small (35–60 nm) granular catecholamine-storing vesicles. Glial cells were almost totally lacking. Large numbers of nerve terminals containing both large and small granular vesicles were observed in the clusters, often in synaptic contact with the sympathetic neurons. It is concluded that the primitive sympathicoblasts are, in favourable conditions, capable of differentiation in culture up to mature sympathetic neurons.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 146 (1975), S. 279-300 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Retinogenesis ; Synaptogenesis ; Guinea pig ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A light and electron microscopic examination of retinogenesis in the fetal guinea pig has revealed an early development of synapses and photoreceptor cells. Differentiation of the neural retina begins around day 23 of gestation. By 34 days the retina reaches its maximum thickness. It differentiates an inner plexiform layer in which vesicle-containing processes and primitive synapses are evident. Synaptic ribbons are found in processes of this layer by 43–45 days of gestation. An outer plexiform layer develops within the neuroblast layer at 40 days of gestation; from its first appearance the outer plexiform layer contains synapses complete with synaptic ribbons. Receptor terminals of the α, paranuclear and β type are present well before birth. Photoreceptor cells form inner segments by 40 days; the formation of outer segments is indicated by 45 days but not widespread until 49 days. The retina appears mature by day 51–57. It is clear that the primate is not unique in the early differentiation of its retinal synapses relative to the time of maturation of its photoreceptor cells. The potential functional capacities of precocious retinae, and the mechanisms of synapse development are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 147 (1975), S. 177-187 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Iris ; Melanogenesis ; Chicken embryo ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The iris anlage of 2–10 and 15 days old chicken embryos were studied histochemically, and by both light and electron microscopy. Light microscopic serial sections showed that pigmentation began at the outer layer of the posterior eye pole and progressed from there forwards to the optic cup margin. The entire outer layer of the optic cup as well as the pupillary margin were completely pigmented by the 4th day of incubation. By the 10th day the posterior iris epithelium was totally pigmented. Electron microscopical studies showed that the first premelanosomes appeared at about the 3rd day of incubation in the anterior iris anlage with the exception of the pupillary margin. It could be shown that melanogenesis progressed through the following steps: premelanosomes, followed by tyrosinase activity in a Golgi-associated system of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (GERL) and small vesicles and finally differentiation of the melanosomes. The possible origin of the premelanosomes and the formation of melanin are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 147 (1975), S. 243-258 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Fixation ; Foetus ; Liver cells ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Light and electron microscopic investigations of the ability of various fixatives to preserve foetal pig liver tissue (immersion fixed 5 min, 20 min, and 40 min after the death of the mother) gave the following results: 1) Fixation with 4% formaldehyde gives, in all circumstances, an unacceptable tissue preservation. 2) Fixation with 2.5% glutaraldehyde gives fair tissue preservation in a ca. 130 μ thick zone below the surface. 3) Fixation with a fixative mixture containing 2% formaldehyde and 1.25% glutaraldehyde or 2% formaldehyde, 1% glutaraldehyde and 1% acrolein gives good tissue preservation in a ca. 500 μ thick zone under the surface. 4) The addition of DMSO does not improve tissue preservation. 5) Delayed fixation of liver tissue removed from the foetus after the uterus has been placed in an incubator for 40 min has only a slight effect on tissue preservation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 147 (1975), S. 293-307 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Implantation ; Golden hamster ; Senescent ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Implantation was compared in young (3–5 month) and senescent (14–17 month) golden hamsters at 3, 31/2, 4, 41/2, 5, and 51/2 days of pregnancy (post-ovulation). One hundred twenty-two embryos (89 from 22 young females and 33 from 18 senescent females) located in utero by cutting thick sections (1–3 μm), were re-embedded and thin-sectioned for electron microscopy. Ultrastructurally implantation and embryonic differentiation was delayed approximately 12 hours in the senescent hamster when compared with young hamsters at the same stage of pregnancy. Failure of the blastocyst to implant would not appear to be a major cause of the declining litter size in aged golden hamsters.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 148 (1975), S. 47-58 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Rat ; Endometrium ; Ultrastructure ; Progesterone
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The effects of various dosages and of various time periods of treatment with progesterone have been studied in the spayed, mature rat. Test objects were the cells of the luminal epithelium and of the endometrial stroma which were examined by qualitative and quantitative electron microscopy. No significant response was observed in epithelial or stromal cells until after 12 hrs of progesterone treatment. The nuclei of both cell types were then more circular than earlier with reduced long diameters. The functional significance of this change in configuration is unclear since only in the stromal cells was it followed by nuclear growth. Further, after 12 hrs of treatment the relative amounts of mitochondria and granular endoplasmic reticulum of stromal cells were reduced while the volume of the stromal cell cytoplasm appeared enlarged. This is taken as evidence that progesterone causes an intracellular oedema probably by decreasing cell membrane permeability. This response is probably not specific for the stroma but also includes the luminal epithelium, although the volume of the epithelial cell cytoplasm could not be determined here. Nucleolar enlargement did occur in stromal cells and was observed after 12 hrs of treatment but was not significant until after 24 hrs. At this point of time the net amount of granular endoplasmic reticulum in stromal and epithelial cells was increased indicating an increased protein synthesis in both cell types. However, only in the stromal cells was this associated with nucleolar enlargement, which supports the idea that progesterone stimulates protein synthesis through different mechanisms in the two cell types. Testing various dosages of progesterone showed that 0.5 mg had an effect similar to 5 mg of progesterone. When 0.05 mg progesterone was injected the only effect observed was an increase in the amount of apical vesicles of the luminal epithelium, showing that the epithelium is more sensitive to progesterone than the stroma.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 146 (1975), S. 245-264 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Hepatocytes ; Amphibia ; Glycogen ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die Leber von Xenopus laevis wurde mit dem Elektronenmikroskop untersucht. Dabei wurde festgestellt, daß sie in ihrem Bau stark von der Leber der Säuger abweicht, vor allem in Bezug auf die Morphologie des als typisch zu bezeichnenden Hepatocyten. Die Untersuchungen zeigten, daß eine solche Zelle primär Glykogenspeicherungs-Funktion besitzt und nur geringe Bestandteile an Organellen und anderen Inklusionen aufweist. Da dieser Zelltyp in der Leber unbehandelter Tiere am häufigsten auftritt, wurde er als Normalzelle bezeichnet. Bemerkenswert erschien die Tatsache, daß eine Vielzahl von Zelltypen in der Normalleber vorkommen, die sonst vermehrt unter experimentellen Bedingungen zu finden sind, z.B. Zellen mit stark vermehrtem RER, vergrößertem Golgi-Feld, vermehrten Lipidinklusionen etc. Diese hohe Zahl von abweichenden Hepatocyten und die Tatsache, daß alle Zwischenstufen zwischen den einzelnen Extremen vorhanden sind, die nicht durch die lage der Zelle innerhalb der Leber erklärt werden konnten, wurden als der Ausdruck eines zyklischen Durchlaufens der einzelnen Aktivitätsstadien interpretiert. Spezielles Interesse verdient die Tatsache, daß Glykogen in der Leberzelle vermehrt nur während der Vitellogenese abgebaut wird. Akuter und chronischer Hunger, sowie Kälte-adaptation beeinflussen die Morphologie der Normalzelle, besonders in Bezug auf das Glykogen kaum. Die möglichen Ursachen hierfür werden diskutiert.
    Notizen: Summary The liver of Xenopus laevis was examined with electron microscopy. Its structure was found to be markedly different from that of mammals, particularly regarding the morphology of the hepatocytes to be classified as typical. It was established that the main function of such a cell is the storage of glycogen, and further that it possesses only scant organelles and other inclusions. Since this type of cell was found most frequently in the liver of untreated animals, it was designated as normal cell. The fact appears noteworthy that in the normal liver of Xenopus laevis an abundance of cell types occur which are otherwise found to be proliferated under experimental conditions, e.g. cells with pronouncedly augmented RER, enlarged Golgi complexes, increased lipid inclusions etc. This high number of divergent hepatocytes and the fact that all intermediate stages between the individual extremes are present and not to be accounted for by the position of the cell within the liver was interpreted as being the expression of a cyclic passage of the various stages of activity. It is of special interest that augmented degradation of glycogen in the liver cell takes place only during vitellogenesis. Acute and chronic hunger, as well as adaptation to cold, hardly affect the morphology of the normal cell, especially as far as the glycogen is concerned. The possible causes for this are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 146 (1975), S. 301-311 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Endocrinology ; Ultrastructure ; Adrenal cortex ; Avian Physiology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructural characteristics of the interrenal cell were investigated in the quail and the pigeon after fixation by intravascular addominal perfusion. These is no significant fine structural difference between cells belonging to subcapsular and central regions of the gland. The interrenal cell in both species possesses nuclear bodies, polymorphic mitochondria with tubulo-vesicular cristae and tubular crystalline inclusions, considerable amounts of endoplasmic reticulum, ergastoplasm, a well developed Golgi apparatus, coated vesicles, microtubules, filaments, cilia, ribosomes, a profusion of liposomes, dense bodies with varied inner structure, pinocytic invaginations of cell membrane and intercellular attachment devices. The pigoen adrenocortical cell also possesses intranuclear lipidlike inclusions and fibrous bundle (this being never recorded in adrenocortical cell), annulate lamellae, and a variety of cytosomes, probably lipofucsin in nature. The significance and cytophysiological role of various organelles and inclusions have been discussed in the light of earlier data obtained on avian adrenocortical cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 31 (1975), S. 353-361 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Intranuclear Inclusions ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease ; Ultrastructure ; Virus-Like Inclusions ; Nuclear Body
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Two types of intranuclear inclusions were described in a brain biopsy from a patient with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The first type of intranuclear inclusion was papova virus-like and was observed within 20% of the nuclei of all astrocytes and neurons examined. The particles measured 32 nm in diameter and consisted of a dense core surrounded by a multilayered shell. The second type of intranuclear inclusion was a granulo-fibrillar nuclear body found within the nuclei of astrocytes and neurons. The possible significance of these inclusions to the etiology of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is discussed.
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 32 (1975), S. 225-233 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Tissue Culture ; Ultrastructure ; Chordoma
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract This report concerns an electron microscopic study of a sacrococcygeal chordoma and its in vitro cultured cells. In vitro, the cells that proliferated in the early phase were predominantly non-vacuolated stellate cells, which were later transformed into vacuolated cells. This suggests that various cell types seen in vivo represent variants of the same cell type at different stages of differentiation and cellular activity. The in vitro tumor cells also show the origin of their vacuoles from both rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi membranes. The finding of amorphous and granular material and collagen fibrils in the extracellular spaces of cultured cells seems to suggest that chordoma cells have certain synthetic and secretory activity.
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 33 (1975), S. 9-21 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Fabry's Disease ; Glycolipid ; Anhydrosis ; Pain ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A sural nerve biopsy of a patient with Fabry's disease showed depletion of larger myelinated fibres, but smaller myelinated and unmyelinated fibres were intact. Epineurial and to a lesser degree endoneurial vessels revealed abundant lamellar inclusions in the endothelial and perithelial cells. Larger myelinated nerve fibres contained glycogen granules in the vacuoles caused by splitting of the adaxonal membranes. A skin biopsy revealed abundant inclusions in the secretory cells and myoepithelial cells of the sweat glands. The lumen of the gland was packed with inclusions like those in the vessel walls. The pain and anhydrosis might be caused by accumulation of glycolipid in the vasa nervorum and sweat glands and not by autonomic nerve involvement.
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 33 (1975), S. 257-270 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Perineurium ; Pathology ; Electron microscopy ; Homeostasis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The response of the perineurium to the following experimental systems was investigated by light and electron microscopy: nerve crush, cold lesion and microinjection of (a) histamine liberator, (b) potassium cyanide, (c) lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC). Where myelin breakdown occurred, lipid globules were seen within Schwann cells, macrophages and also perineurial cells. Where increased vascular permeability occurred, proteinaceous material leaked from endoneurial vessels into the endoneurial space and later appeared between perineurial laminae. It is suggested that the normal homeostatic function of the perineurium is extended in pathology to the removal of protein and lipid debris. In this way the perineurium contributes to the restoration of the normal microenvironment of peripheral nerve fibres.
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 33 (1975), S. 279-284 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Hemangiopericytoma ; Leiomyoblastic differentiation ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Two intracranial hemangiopericytomas revealed subcellular features of the neoplastic elements comparable to those observed in normal and neoplastic smooth muscle. These included intracytoplasmic and submembranous fusiform dense bodies associated with bundles of filaments, tapered configuration of cells with grouping of cytoplasmic organelles at nuclear poles and deposition of intercellular basal lamina-like material. These observations are consistent with the pericytic origin but opposed to the ofttimes postulated meningothelial derivation of the neoplasm.
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 31 (1975), S. 117-127 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Dark Neurons ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The lateral vestibular nucleus was studied by light and electron microscopy in normal rats as well as in rats in which the anterior cerebellar vermis was destroyed. Dark neurons were seen in many of the operated rats but were rarely found in normal control animals. The dark neurons were not seen in adjacent nuclei. In additional rats, it was found that anoxia, extra anaesthetic, postmortem rough handling, and sham operations did not increase the frequency of dark neurons. These data indicate that dark neurons might not always be artifactual and that the lateral vestibular nucleus appears to be a focal point for their occurrence.
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Diabetologia 11 (1975), S. 285-289 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Ultrastructure ; pregnancy ; B-cell ; granule type ; light (pale) granules ; dark granules
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultramicroscopic appearence of the B-cell of the pregnant rat suggests hyperinsulinism of the individual beta cell. In pregnant rats the B-cell contains an increased volume and an increased number of light granules as well as enlarged mitochondria.
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 102 (1975), S. 95-101 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Coelastrum ; Chlorococcales ; Chlorophyta ; Ultrastructure ; Cell Wall ; Tubules ; Bristles ; Polymorphism ; Buoancy ; Taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé La paroi cellulaire de Coelastrum est généralement composée de trois couches. La couche la plus externe a été plus particulièrement étudiée. Elle est composée de tubules dressées, et porte souvent de longues fibrilles dont le rôle serait de stabiliser l'algue dans son milieu. La morphologie de la paroi cellulaire peut se modifier en fonction du milieu.
    Notizen: Abstract The cell wall of Coelastrum is usually composed of three layers. The outermost layer was studied most extensively. It consists of erect tubules which often bear long bristles whose function may be to stabilize the algae in its environment. The cell wall can modify its morphology according to the environment.
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 102 (1975), S. 155-161 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Bacillus acidocaldarius ; Spores ; Germination ; Thermophile ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Spores of the thermophilic, acidophilic, Bacillus acidocaldarius were covered by a thick outer coat and a laminated inner coat (5.5 nm periodicity). Small membranous vesicles were present in the spore core and they disappeared as germination proceeded. After depolymerization of the cortex, and a 30% increase in spore diameter, a localized gap appeared in the laminated inner coat only. This inner coat gap was narrow and could be the whole length of the spore. The germ cell appeared to grow, or to be pushed towards the inner coat gap, at which stage the outer coat disappeared in the same localized area. As the vegetative cell grew out the spore coat fell away, with loose cortical material still attached to it. The young germ cell developed a large spherical electron dense inclusion body in the cytoplasm, at the same time as the ribosomal and nuclear areas became distinct.
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 104 (1975), S. 271-277 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Protoplasts ; Regeneration ; Wall Structure ; Pullularia ; Ultrastructure ; Membrane Splitting ; Aberrant Tubes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract During the process of degradation of the cell wall of the yeast form of Pullularia pullulans by the lytic system of Micromonospora chalcea samples were withdrawn at different times and observed under phase contrast and electron microscope. The progressive lysis of the walls reveals a fibrillar component inside the apparently amorphous wall. Freeze etched preparations of cells during the formation and regeneration of protoplasts show that the cellular membrane is split and this method allows the smooth external face of the membrane and other internal face covered by particles to be seen. The fact that the smooth face of the membrane is only visible during the preparation or the regeneration of protoplasts and very rarely when intact cells are fractured, suggests a strong adherence between cell wall and this external layer of the membrane. During the regeneration which takes place as in most of the yeasts and moulds, a special study of the extension of the cell wall is made and a possible mechanism for this extension of the regenerated cell wall is proposed.
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 106 (1975), S. 195-200 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Trichophyton terrestre ; Trichophyton rubrum ; Hyphal fusions ; Origin of intra-hyphal hyphae ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A cell observation chamber was designed to perform continuous photomicroscopic observations of hyphal anastomosis and the origin of intra-hyphal hyphae in Trichophyton terrestre and T. rubrum. These data were correlated with ultrastructural features of intra-hyphal hyphae. Hyphal fusions occurred commonly in either species of Trichophyton when incubated alone. In T. terrestre, empty hyphal segments adjoined by live units were invaded at the septa from both directions by new hyphal ingrowth. Continuous observations revealed that the intra-hyphal hyphae subsequently anastomosed via a lateral fusion peg. Similar intra-hyphal hyphae were shown in T. rubrum. Electron microscopic studies revealed ascomycetous septa in both conventional hyphae and intra-hyphal hyphae. For the latter, the cytoplasm and wall of the inner hypha were bounded by cytoplasmic organelles and another cell wall of the outer hypha.
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 102 (1975), S. 129-137 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Diazepam ; Benzodiazepines ; Scenedesmus ; Ultrastructure ; Photosynthesis ; Respiration ; Rubidium Uptake
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Effects of diazepam (Valium) on photosynthesis, chlorophyll/photosynthesis ratios, respiration, uptake of rubidium ions, and ultrastructure of Scenedesmus obliquus synchronized by a light-dark regimen of $$14:\overline {10}$$ hrs were determined. 80 and 160 μM diazepam, added to the nutrient medium at the start of the light-dark change (i.e., start of the cell cycle) gradually reduced rates of photosynthesis below the initial rates from the beginning of the experiment. Contents of chlorophyll, however, remained nearly unaffected. Consequently, the diazepam-treated cells had a higher chlorophyll/photosynthesis ratio—also with regard to respiration in order to calculate the gross photosynthesis. The occurrence of photorespiration cannot be assumed. The net influx or rubidium was slightly reduced by 100 μM diazepam 0.5 and 2.0 hrs after the start of the cell cycle and was strongly inhibited after 5 to 14 hrs. 80 and 160 μM diazepam caused separation of thylakoids, formation of giant mitochondria and enlargement of vacuoles. The results are discussed and it is finally suggested that diazepam acts on different membrane systems. Furthermore an ATP deficiency cannot be excluded.
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 105 (1975), S. 193-199 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Bean ; Rust ; Haustorium ; Sheath ; Autoradiography ; Infection ; Electron microscopy ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; Uromyces phaseoli
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Tritium labeled uredospores of Uromyces phaseoli were produced be feeding the host, Phaseolus vulgaris, with 3H-orotic acid. These spores were allowed to germinate on and to penetrate into a bean leaf. 24 hrs after inoculation, the bean rust had formed the first haustorium. All fungal structures, including the fungus walls, were heavily labeled. No label could be detected in the cells that had come into contact with the hyphae. In the infected host cell, the haustorium was labeled heavily, but the sheath around the haustorium and the host cell remained free of label. These results indicate that no detectable amounts of label leach from the bean rust into the host at this stage of infection although it is known that the rust takes up many metabolites. Since the sheath remains free of label and all fungal structures are evenly labeled, it is concluded that the sheath is formed by the host.
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 22 (1975), S. 13-24 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Inferior olive ; Spinal afferents ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Identification of the direct spinal areas (portions of the dorsal and medial accessory nuclei) within the opossum inferior olivary complex was accomplished by mapping the location of the terminal degeneration by the Fink-Heimer technique subsequent to cervical cord lesions. Following similar lesions, sampling of these same regions for electron microscopic study was assured by examination of transversely oriented, 1 μ plastic sections prior to thin sectioning. The first evidence of electron dense axon terminals was found at a survival time of 24 hours. At survival times of 36, 48 and 72 hours, degenerating presynaptic profiles shrink, become irregular in shape and are totally or partially surrounded by glial processes. Spinal terminals average 1–2 μ in their greatest dimension, contain round, clear synaptic vesicles and generally contact small diameter (0.4–1.8 μ) dendritic shafts or occasional spiny appendages. The spiny dendritic appendages make up the central core of the olivary glomeruli and these juxtaposed dendritic processes exhibit gap junctions. At longer survival times (5, 7 and 9 days) many presynaptic profiles with either round or pleomorphic synaptic vesicles remain normal in appearance and contact dendritic shafts or the spiny appendages within glomeruli. Afferents from other sources (possibly including intrinsic neurons) must terminate within the direct spinal portion of the nuclear complex to account for the numerous axon terminals which retain normal morphology after such long survival times.
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 23 (1975), S. 29-47 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Cell cultures ; Fetal ; Hypothalamus ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Dissociated fetal hypothalamic cells mainly taken from 14 day-old mouse fetuses were grown in vitro for increasing time (9 to 60 days). Soon after inoculation the cells partly reaggregated and attached. The small reaggregates were then interconnected by fibers bundles. After the first week the cultures were composed of a continuous basal monolayer of flat and transparent cells, over which various types of refractile cells were lying in discontinuous areas. The ultra-structural study enabled us to identify these cell types, to describe their spatial relationships, and to follow their evolution with time in culture. The basal cell formed several superimposed layers. With increasing age, they displayed typical features of astrocytes and of ependymal cells. The latter exhibited rhythmic ciliary movements in culture. The overlying cells corresponded to three types which were associated in small clumps: primitive neuro-epithelial cells, maturing as well as mature neurons and typical neurosecretory cells. The latter cells were found as early as 9 days of culture of 14 day-old fetal hypothalamic cells and retained their typical features up to two months. Neuronal processes formed very dense networks at the surface of the cultures and terminated within the basal layers. Axon and dendrites were precociously found and were still present after two months. Within axon terminals dense-core vesicles appeared at the same time as neurosecretory cells. Synaptic vesicles and synaptic junctions were found later on.
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 106 (1975), S. 209-214 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Cyanobacteria ; Colonial sheath ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The colonial sheath of Microcystis marginata has a definite structure as seen by light and electron microscopy, consisting of a relatively smooth inner surface and densely packed, long fibrils on the outer surface. The sheath initially forms around the single cell and expands by continual deposition of sheath material to accomodate the synchronously dividing cells of the colony.
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 31 (1975), S. 281-296 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Werdnig-Hoffmann Disease ; Ultrastructure ; Denervation ; Muscle ; Myofibrils ; Centrioles
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The authors describe in biopsies from 6 cases of Werdnig-Hoffmann disease, including 2 of the more benign type, the ultrastructural typical aspects of denervation. They compare their findings with those of other workers. The striking points are the great variation in the diameter of the muscle fibres and the myofibrils, the disorganisation of the myofibrils, the sarcomeres and the filaments, with persistance of the relations between thick and thin filaments at various levels, the modifications of the Z-band and the triads in chains. The folds and the basement membrane are examined. Centrioles are present in a muscle fibre and in a satellite. Glycogen is very abundant. The nerves seem normal but some Schwann cells contain π granules which are not observed usually at the age of the patient. The end plates and a muscle spindle are normal.
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 33 (1975), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Thalamus ; Cytoplasmic calcospherules ; Non-dystrophic ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Infantile thalamic degeneration is a rare clinico-pathological entity. Restricted location of the lesion and peculiar cytopathological changes serve to distinguish this disorder from other common encephalopathies. Optical and ultrastructural studies demonstrate cytoplasmic calcopherules in previously viable cells. According to current concepts of acute cellular reactions to injury and mechanism of intracellular calcification, the cytological changes cannot be attributed to either hypoxic ischemic cell change or dystrophic calcification. By analogy to other human and pathological material, the most likely basis for nondystrophic calcopherule formation is toxic or infectious injury with local synthesis, or autophagic or phagolysosomal degradation of cellular debris of specific chemical composition favoring calcium deposition.
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 32 (1975), S. 333-339 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Adult Metachromatic Leukodystrophy ; Polarization Microscopy ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The findings are described in an adult case of metachromatic leukodystrophy examined by light, polarization and electron microscopy. Symmetrical demyelination was found in the cerebral hemispheres, but was moderate in the cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord. Early changes in myelin of peripheral nerves have been demonstrated by polarization microscopy. Various metachromatic structures have been described in glial cells and neurons by electron microscopy, indicating disturbances at different metabolic steps of lipid metabolism. There are minor but no essential ultrastructural differences in the disease of different ages.
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 33 (1975), S. 143-152 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Electron microscopy ; Experimental epilepsy ; Oedema
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Three different types of lesions have been studied in the cortex of the cat, by means of electroencephalography and electron microscopy. These three types of lesions can be listed in order of increasing magnitude according to their capacity to induce abnormal electrical activity: 1. incision of the cortex gives paroxymal activity, 2. intracortical insertion of a resin pellet generates weak epileptic activity, 3. intracortical insertion of a cobalt resin pellet produces epileptic activity. A parallel can be drawn between electrophysiological and anatomical data: there seems to be a quantitative relationship between the degree of epileptic activity and the extent of perilesional tissue. Furthermore, in this perilesional tissue, oedema is observed, the intensity of which varies according to the type of lesion. Thus, the epileptic activity of a lesion seems to be proportional not only to the volume of the perilesional tissue but also to the development of the oedema.
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  • 37
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Adult metachromatic leukodystrophy ; Brain ; Peripheral nerve ; Kidney ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The fine structural characteristics of storage products in peripheral nerve, kidney and cerebral white matter, from a case of adult metachromatic leukodystrophy are described. There were pronounced differences from the fine structural aspects in late infantile cases. A large proportion of the inclusions did not exhibit a unit membrane. An hypothesis is proposed to clarify the delayed manifestation of this type of metachromatic leukodystrophy until adulthood.
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 33 (1975), S. 173-177 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Mesothelioma ; Pleura ; Metastases ; Brain ; Ultrastructure ; Asbestos
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A malignant fibrous mesothelioma in a 52 year old white man arising from the left parietal pleura associated with lupus erythematosus with metastases to brain and liver is reported. Asbestos bodies were found in digested pulmonary tissue but none in the primary or metastatic lesions. Light microscopic and ultrastructural studies suggest that this tumor contains mesothelial or endothelial cells, some of which revealed fibroblastic features while others disclosed epitheloid characteristics.
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 33 (1975), S. 191-200 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Niemann-Pick disease ; Storage distribution ; Cerebral vascular glycolipid ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A histochemical study is reported of regional differences of the lipid storage in a case of Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) type C. Besides tissues known to be affected (reticuloendothelium, hepatocytes, nervous system), storage was demonstrated in adrenal cortical spongiocytes, sweat glands, renal glomerular and tubular cells, smooth muscle, excretory tubules of some salivary glands, ependyma and in choroid plexus. In most tissues were stored sphingomyelin, cholesterol and a small amount of a glycosphingolipid. In the endothelium of cerebral and spinal vessels the main stored lipid was a glycosphingolipid. The significance of these regional differences are discussed and their study is recommended as a useful counterpart to the biochemical investigation.
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 33 (1975), S. 343-349 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Lafora disease ; Myocardium ; Deposits ; Enzame histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Histological, histochemical and electron microscopic studies on the myocardium of 3 Japanese patients with Lafora disease were carried out. Deposits in the myocardium stained positively with PAS, Best's carmine and Lugol's indine. After digestion of the sections with α-amylase, the deposits disappeared or were less intense, in particular with PAS staining. Phosphorylase activity was deficient in the myocardium of Case 3, when compared with controls, both of which were kept frozen at −20°C following autopsy. Electron microscopy revealed that the deposits were not membrane-bound and consisted of fine particles and fibrillae. The nature of the deposits is diseussed.
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 33 (1975), S. 245-256 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Herpes simplex encephalitis ; Blood-vessels ; Reactive microglia ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Generalized vascular changes and diffused proliferation of reactive microglia were observed in an experimental model of HSV encephalitis of mice. The wide spread of these changes contrasted with the localized character of virus replication and the confined areas of damaged nervous tissue. The vascular and microglial changes were precocious in animals inoculated with concentrated virus suspension (105.5LD50) while they appeared late in mice inoculated with diluted virus suspension (100 LD50). After inoculation with U.V. inactivated virus no changes were seen. The results obtained in this study suggest that the vascular and microglial modifications are not related to a direct cytopathic effect of the virus but dependent on the amount of virus present in the central nervous system and linked to the virus DNA.
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 33 (1975), S. 275-278 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Whipple's disease ; Macrophage ; Electron microscopy ; Brain involvement
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A man of 22 with Whipple's disease suffered from an acute febrile state and unconsciousness. Focal inflammatory lesions accompanied by large numbers of peculiar macrophages occurred in thalamus and basal ganglia. The electron microscopic findings conform to previous reports on brain involvement in Whipple's disease.
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 31 (1975), S. 137-150 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Thiamine Deficiency ; Wernicke's Encephalopathy ; Rhesus Monkey ; Ultrastructure ; Myelin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Experimental Wernicke's encephalopathy, induced in rhesus monkeys with a diet lacking thiamine (vitamin B1), is characterized by cavitary necrosis of the striatum as well as a microvacuolar periventricular lesion of the brain stem such as occurs in man. With high resolution light microscopy and electron microscopy, the primary structural alteration in the brain stem lesion, and probably also in the striatum, appears to be that of widespread “blister” formation due to splitting of myelin at the intraperiod line. Microvascular alterations were minimal, even in the most severely affected regions. It is the myelin blisters which give rise to the spongy texture of the neuropil. A similar splitting of myelin has been deseribed in several other experimental encephalopathies, and it is probable that it also occurs in Wernicke's encephalopathy in man.
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 33 (1975), S. 207-226 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): GM2-Gangliosidosis, AB Variant ; Hexosaminidase A and B ; Electron microscopy ; Membranous cytoplasmic inclusions ; Zebra bodies
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Clinical and neuropathological studies of a case of AB variant GM2-gangliosidosis have been presented. The patient was a 14 months old black female infant who had “black cherry spot” in the retinas. The total activities of β-galactosidase and N-acetyl-β-hexosaminidase, as well as the proportion of hexosaminidase A and B components in her serum and leukocytes were normal when the assays were carried out with artificial fluorogenic substrate. Diagnosis of GM2-gangliosidosis AB variant was established by an abnormal increase of GM2-ganglioside in the biopsied brain tissue, similar to classical Tay-Sachs disease. Her clinical manifestation appeared to be similar but somewhat milder than those of classical Tay-Sachs disease. Light microscopic features of the cerebral biopsy were also closely similar to Tay-Sachs disease and Sandhoff disease but gliosis and neuronal loss were less pronounced. Electron microscopic study revealed numerous membranous cytoplasmic bodies (MCB) and zebra bodies in neurons. In addition, varieties of large intracytoplasmic inclusions in astrocytes, a feature distinctly different from classical Tay-Sachs disease, were observed. Numerous cytoplasmic inclusions were also present in oligodendroglia, pericytes and microglial cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 360 (1975), S. 121-134 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Schlagwort(e): Muscle cross ; Myosin ATPase ; Ultrastructure ; Fibre types ; Light chains of myosin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The slow anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) muscles of newly hatched chiekens were transposed and cross-innervated by the mixed, predominantly fast superior brachialis nerve, and investigated 2 to 15 months after the operation. Two months after the operation, myosin ATPase activity of the cross-innervated ALD muscles was still as low as in the control ALD, although the ultrastructure and the histochemical ATPase activity already showed a mixed fibre-type pattern with a predominance of fast-type fibres around the site of nerve implantation. The change of myosin properties of the whole cross-innervated ALD did not occur until the third month after the operation. At that time, the myosin ATPase activity increased about 2.5 times and light chains of myosin of the fast type appeared in the electrophoretic pattern. The myosin ATPase activity attained 62% of the activity found in the control fast posterior latissimus dorsi muscles at three months; subsequently it remained at about this level reaching 68% 18 months after the operation. The results indicate that approximately two thirds of the corss-innervated ALD muscle fibres became changed towards the fast type under neural influence, whereas about one third remained slow, being re-innervated by the slow-type motor fibres of the implanted nerve.
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Applied physics 8 (1975), S. 319-331 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Schlagwort(e): Self-interstitials in silicon ; Swirls ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Point defect agglomerates in dislocation-free silicon crystals, usually called “swirls”, have been investigated by means of high-voltage electron microscopy. It was found that a single swirl defect consists of a dislocation loop or a cluster of dislocation loops. By contrast experiments it could be shown that these loops are formed by agglomeration of self-interstitial atoms. Generally the loops have a/2〈110〉 Burgers vectors, but in specimens with high concentrations of carbon (∼1017 cm−3) and oxygen (∼1016 cm−3) also dislocation loops including a stacking fault were observed. In crystals grown at growth rates higher thanv=4 mm/min no swirls are observed; lower growth rates do not markedly affect the size and shape of the dislocation loops. With decreasing impurity content (particulary of oxygen and carbon) the swirl density decreases, whereas the dislocation loop clusters become larger and more complex. A model is presented which describes the formation of swirls in terms of agglomeration of silicon self-interstitials and impurity atoms.
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 165 (1975), S. 245-249 
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Schlagwort(e): Vinblastine ; Liver ; Perisinusoidal cell ; Microtubules ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Vinblastine, given intravenously to rats, leads to disappearance of microtubules, formation of paracrystalline inclusions and accumulation of fat droplets in the cytoplasm of the perisinusoidal cells of the liver suggesting that microtubules of the perisinusoidal cells play a role in lipid metabolism.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 48
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Lathyrism ; Capillaries ; Rat ; Ultrastructure ; Flavonoids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of rat myocardial capillaries was studied in the course of experimental lathyrism. Endothelial cells were hypertrophic, with a sinuous profile of the plasma membrane facing the lumen and with a consistent increase of pinocytotic vesicles; the nuclei were irregular in shape; ATPase activity was no more demonstrable. Therefore, various and well distinct structural endothelial mechanisms seem to be primarily involved, causing an alteration of the dynamics of transcellular exchanges and of the permeability of the vascular wall. Simultaneous treatment with certain flavonoids, (O-(β-hydroxyethyl)-rutosides and Na(+)-epicatechin-2-sulfonate), resulted in a less pronounced alteration and a more rapid recovery. The possibility of the existence of a common site of action of lathyrogens and flavonoids is raised in the discussion.
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  • 49
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Avian follicles ; Oocytes ; Transosomes ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Production and fates of transosomes (sacs of ribosomes made in the follicular cells of an ovarian follicle and subsequently passed to the cytoplasms of the oocyte) have been studied by electron microscopy in ovaries of young chicks, a testosterone-treated hen, aged hens which had ceased laying eggs and a “non-layer” mutant. Study was also made of “primitive yolk” (vacuoles present in both follicular cells and ooplasms of small follicles of normally laying hens). It was found that both transosomes and vacuoles of primitive yolk were present in small oocytes of young chicks, and “non-layer” mutants. However, the transosomes deep within the ooplasms were present within lysosomal vesicles in both of these instances and the vacuoles containing primitive yolk were patently abnormal in the “non-layer” mutant. Very few transosomes or primitive yolk vacuoles were present within the ooplasms of follicles from a testosterone-treated hen or from those of aged hens which were no longer laying. In both of these latter cases such bodies were present in the follicular cells. However, many transosomes were seen to be in the process of being lysed within the cytoplasms of these follicular cells.
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 163 (1975), S. 99-110 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Central neuropile ; Planorbis corneus ; Synapses ; Spinule complexes ; Varicosities ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The neuropile in the central ganglia of Planorbis corneus was studied by electron microscopy, using different fixatives. Several types of specialization were observed in the membranes of adjacent axonal processes, varying from only slight membrane thickenings to structures resembling desmosomes. Specialized structures similar to the ‘spinule complexes’ in mammalian brain are widely distributed in certain areas of neuropile. They consist of a small projection which invaginates a neighbouring neurone; the membranes are closely apposed and there is associated electron-dense material. The problem of identifying chemical synapses in this tissue is discussed. Many axonal processes are varicose, and it is suggested that varicosities may also be sites of transmitter release.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 163 (1975), S. 169-174 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Muscles ; Blood supply ; Capillaries ; Lymphatic system ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Capillary fenestrae occur in one of about 60 cross-sectioned blood capillaries in normal adult rat skeletal muscles. The fenestrae occur singly or in groups. Fenestrated capillaries are found close to muscle fibers as well as in the perimysial and perineurial connective tissue. Small numbers of lymphatic capillaries are also present, mostly in the perimysial connective tissue.
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 163 (1975), S. 175-184 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Cardiac sarcomeres ; Circolana borealis (Isopod) ; T-tubules ; Sarcoplasmic reticulum ; Couplings ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The membrane systems of the cardiac muscle cell of the isopod Cirolana borealis Lilljeborg are described. The sarcolemma invaginates at the level of the Z band, forming transverse tubules. Narrow tubules branch off in a longitudinal direction from these transverse and radially arranged TZ-tubules forming a transverse collar at each A-I level, where dyadic and triadic junctions are formed with the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Two different orientations of the coupling discs have been detected in the supercontracted sarcomere, and this observation has been discussed. Adjacent myofibrils are separated by a double layer of sarcoplasmic reticulum.
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 163 (1975), S. 199-214 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Smooth muscle ; Intestine ; Hypertrophy ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Proximal to an experimental stenosis of the small intestine of rats and guinea-pigs a remarkable hypertrophy of the muscle coat develops 3–5 weeks after the operation. There is no increase in the length of the intestine but an overall increase in volume of the muscularis externa up to 10 times. This increase is accounted for by an increase in size and in number (by mitosis) of smooth muscle cells of both the longitudinal and circular layers. Bundles of newly-formed smooth cells appear in the serosa and are circularly arranged. In the hypertrophic smooth muscle cells of the circular layer the ratio of surface to volume is 0.80 (0.80 μm2 of cell surface for every μm3 of cell volume) as against 1.4 in the control muscle. The hypertrophic muscle cells have a highly developed sarcoplasmic reticulum and show a large number of nexuses. The density of innervation (number of axons per given number of smooth muscle cells) is smaller than in controls. Few collagen fibrils are visible in the extracellular space.
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  • 54
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Human spleen ; Sinus lining cells ; Pulp veins ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Sinus and venous walls of normal human spleens were studied with enzyme histochemical and electron microscopic methods. Particular attention was paid to the connections between sinuses and veins. Histochemically the sinus lining cells revealed a distinct naphthol-AS-acetate-esterase activity but no reaction for alkaline phosphatase. Venous endothelial cells were positive for the latter but negative for the former enzyme. In the sinusvenous junctional area there were no endothelial cells with reactivity for both enzymes. Electron microscopically both the sinus lining cells and the venous endothelial cells could be clearly characterized and therefore easily distinguished from one another on morphological grounds. There were no clear ultrastructural indications of transitional forms between sinus lining cells and venous endothelial cells in the sinus-venous area. According to these findings, sinus lining cells represent a specialized endothelium, but one with practically no morpholgical similarities to the venous endothelium.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 55
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Epidermis ; Salmonids ; Mucous cells ; Mucus ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The fine structure of epidermal mucous cells of two species of salmonid fish has been described. Mucous cells are, next to filament-containing cells, the most commonly encountered cells in fish epidermis. The development of the cells as they progress to the periphery has been characterised. They are initially difficult to distinguish from filament-containing cells: later, they can be recognised by the presence of much smooth-surfaced E.R. The mucigenesis and the subsequent secretion of mucus has been observed and it is essentially comparable to that which occurs in the mucous cells of the mammalian intestine. The mucous layer of the epidermal surface seems to mainly comprise of the products of these mucous cells and the “cuticle” seen in other species has not yet been observed in the salmonid species investigated here.
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 156 (1975), S. 201-216 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Smooth muscle ; Myofilaments ; Vas deferens ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Smooth muscle cells of the mouse vas deferens fixed with 5% glutaraldehyde contained three types of filaments, namely, thin (50–80 Å) filaments, intermediate (100 Å) filaments and thick (120–180 Å) filaments. However, in 2 out of 16 experiments, under identical conditions, the cells did not contain thick filaments. With OsO4 fixation, thin filaments were not prominent, the most obvious being thick (120–250 Å) and intermediate (100 Å) filaments. After soaking in a modified Ringer solution under no applied tension for one hour, thick filaments (120–180 Å) appeared prominently in smooth muscle cells of the mouse vas deferens and thin filaments were in ordered bundles. By 4 hours, thick filaments had increased in size and density, with thin filaments distributed randomly around them. After 8 hours in Ringer, thin filaments were diffuse and difficult to discern, while thick filaments were large (up to 300 Å) and electron-dense. Intermediate (100 Å) filaments were present in association with dark bodies. Physiological experiments indicated that the intracellular components responsible for the development of a mechanical response were still functional at this time. The presence of “thick filaments” is also reported in degenerating smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig vas deferens in tissue culture.
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 156 (1975), S. 411-416 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Acrosome ; Spermatid ; Budgerigar ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The development of the acrosome of the budgerigar spermatid was studied under the electronmicroscope. The acrosome arises from a granule derived from the Golgi apparatus which interacts with the nucleus to form a cone shaped acrosomal cap and a perforatorium. A quantity of cytoplasm and plasma membrane is captured from the cell periphery and incorporated into the substance of the acrosome. The possible significance of the developmental phases and comparative avian spermatology is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 156 (1975), S. 475-482 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Annulate lamellae ; Spermatocytes ; Grasshoppers ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Intranuclear and cytoplasmic annulate lamellae were studied in grasshopper spermatocytes (Melanoplus) with the electron microscope. Although cytoplasmic annulate lamellae were observed in all three species examined, intranuclear annulate lamellae were found in only one species. The intranuclear annulate lamellae encompass certain nuclear material adjacent to the nuclear envelope forming a vesicle that is extruded into the spermatocyte cytoplasm. In this same species, cytoplasmic annulate lamellae are seen contiguous with granular masses of varying size. These structures were noted as being morphologically indistinguishable from the “yolk nuclei” of dragonfly oocytes (Kessel and Beams, 1969; Kessel, 1973).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 156 (1975), S. 499-520 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Gonadotrophins ; Testis ; Hypophysectomy ; Ultrastructure ; Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Five-week old Japanese quail held under short daylengths (8L/16D) were injected daily for two weeks with 20 μg/day of purified chicken luteinizing hormone (LH) or with one of two chicken follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) fractions. Both intact and hypophysectomized birds were used. After killing, the testes were weighed and fixed for light- and electron-microscopy. Following hypophysectomy testicular weights fell significantly below those of saline-injected controls, indicating that short day conditions are not equivalent to “physiological hypophysectomy”, the pituitary-gonadal axis continuing to function at a low level. Chicken LH stimulated differentiation of the interstitium, producing mature Leydig cells containing the full complement of organelles typical of steroid-secretion. In addition it induced some testicular growth caused by spermatogonial division and partial differentiation of the Sertoli cells. This effect was assumed to be a secondary response to androgen secretion but a direct action of chicken LH on the tubules is not dismissed. LH given to intact quail caused greater testicular growth, presumably due to synergism with endogenous hormones. Both chicken FSH fractions induced testicular growth and development; in intact birds the effects were similar to those observed in intact LH-treated birds. In hypophysectomized quail given FSH the testicular weights were greater than in hypophysectomized LH-treated birds and the seminiferous tubules were larger. Sertoli cells were stimulated and pachytene spermatocytes were numerous. Leydig cell differentiation was minimal in all FSH-treated birds, being less pronounced in hypophysectomized than in intact birds.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 158 (1975), S. 111-120 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Iris ; Rana pipiens ; M. dilatator, sphincter pupillae ; Electron microscopy ; Photosensitivity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The iris of the grass frog Rana pipiens, can respond to light even when isolated from the remainder of the animal. The iris is a three-layered structure, comprising a stromal layer and two layers of pigment epithelium. The sphincter pupillae, which is composed of pigmented smooth muscle cells, is embedded between the two layers of pigment epithelium. There is no dilator pupillae in this species. We have been unable to find any cells or any organelles in the iris which are anatomically specialized for photoreception in any obvious way.
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 158 (1975), S. 205-213 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Sertoli cell ; Crystalloid ; Swine ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Spindle or needle-shaped crystalloids are observed in Sertoli cells of the intersex and experimental cryptorchid swine in the light and electron microscopes. Small crystalloids are also observed in Sertoli cells of the normal swine only by electron microscopy. These crystalloids consist of fine filaments. The filaments are about 5 nm in diameter and arranged parallel to the long axis of the crystalloid. In cross sections of the crystalloid, the close packing of the filaments shows hexagonal arrays. The interfilamentous distance is about 5 nm. In all animals examined, bundles of short filaments, which are 5 nm in diameter, are observed in the basal part of the Sertoli cells. Ultrastructural similarities among the crystalloids, the bundles of fine filaments, and the filamentous layer in the junctional specialization of the Sertoli cell are shown. These morphological similarities suggest that the crystalloids are formed by the aggregation of the bundles in the Sertoli cells of azoospermic testes.
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 163 (1975), S. 273-290 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Adrenal cortex ; Mitochondria ; Dexamethasone ; DNA-synthesis ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The effects of chronic administration of dexamethasone (for up to 15 consecutive days) on both the morphology and DNA-synthesis of the mitochondria of the rat adrenal zona fasciculata were investigated by stereologic and autoradiographic techniques. Up to the 3rd day of continuous dexamethasone treatment, the average volume of mitochondria did not change, whereas the number of mitochondria per cell was significantly decreased. From the 3rd to the 15th day of hormonal administration both the volume and number of mitochondria were found to decrease in proportion to the duration of treatment. Autoradiography showed that after the 3rd day of dexamethasone administration there is virtually no incorporation of 3H-thymidine into the mitochondrial compartment. These findings are discussed in the light of evidence indicating that dexamethasone blocks ACTH-release by inhibiting the hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis. The results confirm the view that ACTH controls the maintenance of growth and proliferation of rat adrenocortical mitochondria.
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 163 (1975), S. 491-502 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Carotid body ; Duck ; Cervical vagotomy ; Innervation ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Carotid bodies of ducks show no detectable changes in ultrastructure up to periods of four weeks following the removal of 2–3 cm of the cervical vagus (decentralization). This indicates that the majority, and possibly all the nerves terminating on the glomus cells are afferent (sensory) in nature. These nerve endings are in reciprocal synaptic contact with the glomus cells and therefore have efferent and afferent functions. Theories concerning the carotid body receptor mechanism are discussed with particular reference to those theories which ascribe functions to the reciprocal synapses.
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  • 64
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Milk ; Fat globule membrane ; Carbohydrates ; Chemistry ; Ruthenium red ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The fat globules of the cream fractions of human and rat milk were stained with ruthenium red. Under the electron microscope, discrete granules and an amorphous coat of lesser density are seen at the surface of the milk fat globules. Since ruthenium red binds anionic groups selectively, it is probable that the granules containe the greatest concentration of these groups. The cream fraction of rat milk contains hexoses, hexosamines, methylpentoses and sialic acid. Methylpentoses and hexosamines are significantly enriched in the cream fraction. It is concluded that the finding of a surface coat in milk fat globules is in keeping with the Bargmann-Knoop model and suggests a distinct mechanism for carrying certain complex carbohydrates in milk. The role of the negative charges at the outer surface of the membrane coat in maintaining fat globules in suspension and in binding certain cations such as calcium is suggested.
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 157 (1975), S. 25-51 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pineal gland (Rabbit) ; Autonomic innervation ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In the rabbit pineal gland two types of postganglionic nerve endings were found which are characterized by the presence of small dense-core vesicles or small clear vesicles. Pharmacological and cytochemical experiments showed them to be noradrenergic and cholinergic, respectively. Both types were often present in the same nerve bundle, occasionally in close apposition. Intrapineal neurons were only rarely observed. They showed cholinergic synapses on their perikaryon and dendrites as well as noradrenergic axo-dendritic close eontacts. Bilateral extirpation of the superior cervical ganglia revealed the postganglionic sympathetic origin of the pineal noradrenergic nerve fibres. Moreover, it appeared that these ganglia are hardly, if at all, involved in the pathway of pineal cholinergic innervation. The results obtained from lesions of both facial nerves, taken together with the results reported in the literature, led to the conclusion that the postganglionic cholinergic nerve fibres in the pineal are of parasympathetic origin. A model for the sympathetic and parasympathetic pineal innervation is proposed.
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 157 (1975), S. 165-184 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pituitary gland, posterior ; Hypothalamo-hypophyseal system ; Cyclostomes ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The pars intermedia of the adult lamprey is separated by perivascular spaces and a capillary plexus from the pars nervosa. No penetration of nerve fibers into the pars intermedia was found. The pars nervosa, which constitutes the posterior wall of the infundibulum, consists of an ependymal layer and a fuchsinophilic fiber layer; the latter contains at least four different types of axonal endings. The pars intermedia is avascular and is composed of a small proportion of non-secretory cells and a large proportion of secretory cells. The secretory granules in the cells of the pars intermedia seem to be discharged toward the capillaries that separate the pars intermedia from the pars nervosa. Although no direct nervous or vascular connections were found between the pars nervosa and pars intermedia, a mechanism of control of secretory activity in the pars intermedia cells by the central nervous system appears likely.
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 157 (1975), S. 227-238 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Golgi complex ; GERL ; Sertoli cell ; Ultrastructure ; Phosphatase cytochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The Golgi complex in the Sertoli cell of the Syrian hamster is well developed and consists of stacks of cisternae and associated vesicles. The inner-and outermost cisternae of the Golgi stacks are usually moderately dilated and exhibit numerous fenestrations. The middle portions of the intermediate cisternae are greatly flattened and not fenestrated, but toward the periphery these cisternae gradually become dilated and show a few fenestrations. On the inner aspect of the Golgi stacks the following structures are seen frequently: (1) one or two series of linearly arrayed circular profiles some of which are interconnected by tubules; (2) networks of anastomosing tubules with circular or oval meshes (800 to 1200 Å in diameter); and/or (3) irregularly disposed tubules. The circular profiles and tubules are approximately 450 Å in diameter. Acid phosphatase activity was localized in these anastomosing tubules when the tissues were incubated for more than one hour in a modified Gomori's medium (Barka and Anderson, 1963). Strong thiamine pyrophosphatase activity was demonstrated in the inner one to three cisternae of the Golgi stacks but not in the associated tubules. The system of the Golgi associated tubules is morphologically and histochemioally distinct from the Golgi stacks and is probably equivalent to the Golgi-endoplasmic reticulum-lysosome system (GERL) in other cell types. The three dimensional aspects of the GERL-equivalent system are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 158 (1975), S. 241-249 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Synapse development ; Spinal cord ; Foetal rat ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Ultrastructural studies on the foetal rat spinal cord show that during synaptogenesis there is difficulty in recognizing true synaptic precursors. Asymmetric densities are found at unusual sites forming, for example, somato-dendritic and somato-somatic junctions. They are also found between neurons and possible glial processes. Symmetric densities occur between nerve cells but may be confused with desmosomes. Profiles exhibiting membrane density, cleft material and 50 nm vesicles, which are the most reliable indicators of presumptive synapses, are found between neurones, but also at junctions between neurones and what may be glial processes. The picture is further confused by the presence of degenerating axodendritic synapses at early foetal stages. Caution must be exercised in defining an apparent synapse or precursor in foetal cord as that of a presumptive functional synapse because of the observed degenerating profiles and because to our knowledge, somato-somatic, somatodendritic, and neurono-glial synapses have not been observed in adult cord. It is not known whether these structures are an unwanted consequence of development or play a role in guiding development.
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 158 (1975), S. 333-337 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Spirochete ; Artemia ; Brine shrimp ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary When tissues of spirochete-infected brine shrimp (Artemia salina) were examined by electron microscopy, tubular structures were often seen closely associated with intracytoplasmic spirochete profiles. These tubules were never observed in association with spirochetes found in the haemocoel or other extracellular spaces. Since the trilaminar layer comprising the wall of the tubules was identical in ultrastructure to the outer envelope of the spirochete, these structures were interpreted to be finger-like extensions of the spirochete outer envelope.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 70
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Skin pigmentation ; Melanocytes ; Melanophores ; Electron microscopy ; Lungfish
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The integumental melanophores of two genera of lungfish, Lepidosiren paradoxa and Protopterus sp. were examined by light and electron microscopy. Both species possess both epidermal and dermal melanophores with fine structural characteristics basically similar to those of other vertebrates. The epidermal melanophores of both species are located in the intermediate epidermis, and possess thin perikarya containing round nuclei, and slender dendrites extending into the nearby intercellular spaces. The dermal melanophores occur immediately beneath the basement membrane, and possess flat perikarya and dendrites running horizontally between the collagen fibers of the dermis. The integument of both species does not possess an epidermal melanin unit or a dermal chromatophore unit. As in other vertebrates, each melanophore contains numerous oval, electron-opaque melanosomes, relatively large mitochondria, vacuolar endoplasmic reticula, and groups of RNP particles. Although micro filaments running randomly between other organelles occur regularly, microtubules were not demonstrated. Premelanosomes at various stages of differentiation were best illustrated in the dermal melanophores of Protopterus, and it is concluded from the observation of their fine structure that the morphological development of lungfish melanosomes closely parallels that of higher vertebrates. On the basis of melanophore morphology, Lepidosiren and Protopterus appear to be more closely related to each other than to Neoceratodus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 158 (1975), S. 517-541 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pericytes and Microglia ; Neonatal rabbit ; Forebrain ; Golgi method ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Three types of pericytes outline the vascular bed in Golgi preparations of the newborn rabbit brain. Elongate cells (Type I) are restricted to capillaries, elements resembling smooth muscle cells (Type II) surround vessels of intermediate size, and large flat forms (Type III) cover the surface of arterioles and venules. Electron microscopy shows all types to be located within a well defined perivascular basement membrane. It also reveals the presence of filaments in the cytoplasm of some pericytes resembling the myofilaments of smooth muscle cells. It suggests the possibility that some pericytes are capable of contraction and may participate in regulating blood flow in small vessels. Microglia cells bear no resemblance to pericytes in terms of their shape, distribution or staining characteristics. Microglia cells are located outside the vascular basement membrane (external basal lamina) in the brain parenchyma, and they vary in form according to their location and the character of the surrounding extracellular space. This study does not support the hypothesis that microglia cells arise from pericytes but indicates that they originate either by in situ division or from hematogenous elements that enter the brain by crossing the vessel wall.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 159 (1975), S. 399-412 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Porcellidium (copepode) ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Deux espèces de Porcellidium ont été examinées en microscopic à balayage et sur coupe avec les techniques habituelles (P. viride provenant de Banyuls-sur-mer, Méditerranée et P. fimbriatum de Roscoff, Manche; ces deux espèces vivent sur les Algues vertes du genre Ulva). Nous avons retrouvé les ultrastructures classiques de la cuticule, observées dans les principaux groupes de Copépodes. Quatre caractères nouveaux distinguent la cuticule dorsale des Porcellidium: 1. Différenciation d'un système de microvillosités externes, avec un niveau dense aux électrons, très contrasté par rapport aux extrémités d'où semblent partir de fins filaments englobant une population assez dense de Bactéries. 2. Cette plage de microvillosités recouvre un relief assez particulier de la procuticule, évoquant par ses cratères un paysage lunaire. 3. Présence de canaux cytoplasmiques ramifiés et terminés par une expansion arrondie, sous l'épicuticule. 4. Existence d'un système de vésicules reliant la base des microvillosités aux extrémités renflées des canaux cytoplasmiques. L'association des Bactéries est régulière et une grande proportion de celles-ci est en cours de cytolyse. La système de microvillosités et de canaux ne nous parait pas étranger à la présence de cette population bactérienne.
    Notizen: Summary Two species of Porcellidium have been studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy: P. viride from Banyuls-sur-mer, Mediterranian Sea and P. fimbriatum from Roscoff, English Channel. Both species live on green Algae of the genus Ulva. We confirmed previous descriptions of the cuticular ultrastructure in the main groups of Copepods. Four new characteristics however were shown to occur in the backcuticle of Porcellidium: 1. The presence of a system of highly differentiated external microvilli showing electron dense basal portions and less electron dense tips, from which thin filaments project towards a large population of Bacteria associated with the Copepod. 2. The surface of the cuticle resembles a lunar landscape with craters. The sheet of microvilli closely follows the contour of the cuticle. 3. The presence of branched cytoplasmic canals with swollen extremities (beneath the epicuticle) extending from the epidermal cells. 4. Systems of vesicles lying between the bases of the microvilli and the expansions (ampullae) at the tip of the cytoplasmic canals. The association of Bacteria with the cuticle is constant and many of these are apparently undergoing cytolysis. The system of microvilli and of cytoplasmic canals are apparently related to the presence of the bacterial microflora.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 159 (1975), S. 493-502 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Hypothalamus ; Teleost ; Aminergic nuclei ; Falck-Hillarp method ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In the hypothalamus of the roach (Leuciscus rutilus) green and yellow fluorescent cells were found in the nucleus recessus lateralis (NRL) and the nucleus recessus posterioris (NRP) and green fluorescent cells in the nucleus recessus preopticus (NRPO). The green fluorescence indicates the presence of noradrenaline or dopamine and the yellow one the presence of 5-hydroxytryptamine. The cells of the NRL and NRP contained electron dense granules averaging 70 nm in diameter. The NRL is divided into two parts. These and the NRP are connected by large fluorescent tracts. The NRL and NRP send axons towards the nucleus lateralis tuberis (NLT) and the NRPO sends axons towards the nucleus preopticus (NPO). It could not be established whether the aminergic nuclei described are the origin of the fluorescent fibers in the hypophysis of the roach.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 159 (1975), S. 541-550 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Testis ; Budgerigar ; Photoperiod ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Spermatogenesis in the Budgerigar can be arrested by reducing the birds' photoperiod to 8 hours of daylight or less. When this occurs, Sertoli cell cytoplasm shows a great increase in the size and number of residual bodies, while the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is reduced. If the bird is kept at 8 hours of daylight for some weeks large lipid droplets are seen in Sertoli cytoplasm, and degenerated spermatids are apparently phagocytosed. The interstitium shows fewer active Leydig cells, a paucity of lipids and occasional ovoid mitochondria. The basal lamellae of the tubule which are thick and convoluted before and during spermatogenesis become thinner and straighter. It is thought that these morphological changes reflect changes in metabolic activity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 159 (1975), S. 551-561 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Neurohypophysis, rat ; Exocytosis ; Blood vessels ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Neural lobes of rats subjected to dehydration by drinking 2% saline for four days were examined electron microscopically and compared to untreated controls. The ultrastructure of the blood vessels and the tissues surrounding them were examined and it was found that, although few exocytotic figures could be seen in either group of animals, a significantly larger (P〈0.01) number of small vesicles were found in nerve endings adjacent to the perivascular space in the saline treated group when compared to nerve endings not closely associated with blood vessels. No differences were found in the control group of animals, which supports the suggestion that the vesicles could arise from a membrane recapture process.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 160 (1975), S. 81-98 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Sensillae ; Isoptera ; Schedorhinotermes ; Labrum ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé L'étude du labre du petit soldat de Schedorhinotermes, en microscopie photonique et électronique (balayage et transmission), a permis de préciser la distribution, les types et la structure des organes sensoriels présents sur celui-ci. Trois types de sensilles ont été observés: de nombreux sensilles campaniformes situés dans les régions antéro-latérales et deux types de sensilles trichoïdes: de petites soies (5 μ de longueur) réparties sur toute la surface du labre et quelques grandes soies (50 à 100 μ de longueur) localisées sur le bord antérieur du labre. Ces deux types de soies assurent à la fois une fonction mécanoréceptrice et chimioréceptrice. De nombreux orifices de glandes épidermiques débouchent également sur le labre qui porte à son apex une brosse formée de nombreuses écailles cuticulaires aplaties et non innervées. Une interprétation fonctionnelle est avancée, elle est basée sur les résultats ultrastructuraux obtenus et sur ce que l'on connait du comportement défensif du soldat.
    Notizen: Summary The labrum of Schedorhinotermes minor soldier was examined to determine the distribution, types and structures of sense organs present with both light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Three types of sensilla were recognized: campaniform sensillae and two types of sensilla trichodea, the short bristles and the long bristles. The campaniform sensillae are singly-innervated receptors distributed in large numbers on the anterolateral margins of the labrum. The short and long bristles are multiinnervated; the former are found all over the surface, the latter are much more scarce and are found only at the front of the labrum. Both are at the same time chemo-and mechanoreceptors. The labrum is strewn with many glandular pits and exhibits at its apex a brush of cuticular not innervated spines. On the basis of ultrastructural evidence and of what we know of the defence mechanisms of the soldier, a functional interpretation is attempted.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 160 (1975), S. 125-138 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Avian intestine ; Duodenum ; Ultrastructure ; Crypt cells ; Paneth cells
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The fine structure of the development and maturation of intestinal chief cells from the duodenal crypts of the fowl has been described in detail. Three areas within the crypt can be recognised: (1) the crypt base where cell division is frequent but cell development is minimal; (2) the mid-crypt region where rapid growth and development of the cells takes place; and (3) the zone of differentiation where final development and functional maturation occurs. The structure of the fowl's intestinal crypt is very similar to that described for the mammal. The results are discussed in relation to previous histochemical studies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 160 (1975), S. 139-153 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Arcuate nucleus, cat ; Dense-cored vesicles ; Dopamine ; 5-Hydroxydopamine treatment ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The arcuate nucleus of normal cats and of cats treated with 5-hydroxydopamine (5-OHDA) was investigated by electron microscopy. The neurons of the arcuate nucleus were classified into three types, clear, intermediate and dark, according to their fine structure. The clear type contained numerous dense-cored vesicles and well developed cell organelles. All three types were frequently seen to be partially surrounded by glial processes. Many axo-somatic and axo-dendritic synapses mostly small in diameter were also observed around the neurons. Synaptic contacts were demonstrated between axon endings and axonal processes which contained elementary granules. After administration of 5-OHDA small and large dense-cored vesicles appeared in the nerve endings surrounding the neurons. The relationship between the dense-cored vesicles in the perikarya and dopamine was briefly discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 160 (1975), S. 177-191 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Glomerulus ; Human and rat kidney ; Cell junctions ; Filtration barrier ; Electron microscopy ; Freeze-fracturing
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Glomeruli isolated from rat and human kidneys were studied using the freeze fracture technique. Discontinuous zonulae occludentes and gap junctions were found in the replicas of the split plasma membrane of the endothelial cells. A diaphragm across the endothelial pores was not demonstrated. The central layer of the basement membrane, corresponding to the lamina densa described in thin sections, revealed a coarse substructure. A slit membrane between the pedicles of the podocytes was not detectable; however, its position was indicated by the different texture of the replica, which abruptly changed at the transition of the basement membrane to the primary urinary space. Furthermore, at the level of the slit membrane arrays of particles were present within the cleaved membrane of the pedicles, probably representing the attachment points of the slit membrane. Isolated strands of a zonula occludens as well as gap junctions were seen on the split plasma membrane of the podocytes. The mesangial cells could be identified by their contiguity to the endothelial cells and by their numerous gap junctions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 161 (1975), S. 47-53 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Acrosome ; Centriolar complex ; Ultrastructure ; Sabella penicillum (Polychaeta)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The acrosomal vesicle of Sabella penicillum spermatids consists of an electrondense core and a more transparent surrounding zone. During subsequent differentiation the vesicle membrane forms several invaginations in the juxtanuclear area. These invaginations later establish contact with the core. In the mature spermatozoon the spaces between the invaginations appear as electron-dense “tubules”; this is probably due to a shift of material from core to periphery. The ultrastructure of the centriolar complex is described in detail.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 161 (1975), S. 55-70 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Human fetal testis ; Gonocytes ; Fetal spermatogonia ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Electron microscopic studies of the testis were performed on 12 human embryos and fetuses between 9 and 30 weeks post conceptionem. According to their ultrastructural features, the fetal germ cells could be divided into the following three stages of differentiation: 1) gonocytes, 2) intermediate cells, and 3) fetal spermatogonia. Sertoli cells were present among the germ cells in all the testes studied. The gonocytes showed the highest nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio. Their round nucleus contained a centrally located, prominent nucleolus. The cytoplasm displayed a well developed Golgi apparatus, lipid droplets and parallel arrays of short cisternae of the rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (rER). Microfilaments were numerous, particularly just beneath the cell membrane. The intermediate cells were found to extend several cytoplasmic processes and to contain a moderate number of long, branched and/or widened rER cisternae which were frequently connected to the perinuclear cisterna. Intermediate cells were often connected to one another by intercellular cytoplasmic bridges. The fetal spermatogonia also displayed cytoplasmic bridges. These cells showed the lowest nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio and a more condensed nuclear chromatin. The mitochondria were situated close to the nucleus. Many of them were connected by a cementing substance. Lipid droplets and rER cisternae were rare in these cells. Infoldings of the inner nuclear membrane were often present in the gonocytes and in the intermediate cells, but were rarely observed in the fetal spermatogonia. Glycogen particles, polyribosomes, and chromatoid bodies (“nuage”) were present in all the three germ cell types. With the maturation of the fetus, the number of gonocytes was found to decrease, whereas the number of fetal spermatogonia increased. The Sertoli cells also changed their ultrastructure, showing an increase in the number of rER cisternae, as well as of microfilaments, lipid droplets, and secondary lysosomes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 161 (1975), S. 103-117 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Tissue culture ; Chromaffin cells ; Frog ; Classification ; Phase contrast microscopy ; Fluorescence microscopy ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary 1. Extra-adrenal chromaffin cells from adult frogs were grown in tissue culture and their morphology and behaviour observed with both light and electron microscopy. 2. Two types of chromaffin cells were distinguished: Type A cells contain large, electron dense vesicles (2000–6000 Å) and are equated to Type I chromaffin cells seen in vivo, i.e. they contain noradrenaline; Type B cells contain smaller vesicles (700–2000 Å) which are incompletely filled with an electron dense material and are equated to Type III chromaffin cells seen in vivo, i.e. cells depleted of their catecholamines by stimulation. No cells comparable to Types II and IV cells in vivo were seen. 3. Close associations between the cultured chromaffin cells and sympathetic neurons were observed with the light microscope, but no examples of synaptic structures were seen in the material examined with electron microscopy in this study.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 161 (1975), S. 167-176 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Sphincter Oddi (Dog) ; Innervation ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure and acetylcholinesterase activity of the intrinsic innervation of the sphincter of Oddi of eight adult dogs was studied by electron microscopy. A rich distribution of unmyelinated axons embedded individually or as groups within Schwann cell cytoplasm (“innervation fasciculée”), is to be observed. A few myelinated fibres were also observed. Many of the axons are acetylcholinesterase-positive. Three main types of nerve terminals are distinguished according to their vesicle populations. Individual nerve cells or small groups of nerve cells were scattered between the smooth muscle bundles and in the lamina glandularis mucosae. The cytoplasm of some neurons contains many electron dense spherical bodies resembling “myeloid bodies”, and many lysosomes. Nerve terminals synapse onto both neuronal perikarya and their dendrites. Within the nerve fascicles, close appositions between the terminals occur frequently probably representing the most peripheral inter-neuronal integrative link in the neural regulation of the function of the sphincter of Oddi. — The gap between nerve terminals and smooth muscle cells usually measures several thousands of Å. Closer appositions are seldom seen, and no synaptic complexes can be observed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 161 (1975), S. 413-419 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Rectal papilla ; Insects ; Hymenoptera ; Cell Types ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of the rectal papillae of the parasitoid hymenopteran, Nasonia vitripennis (Walk), is described. These organs in this insect consist of four distinct cell types arranged as a closed, hollow cone. The majority of the cells are present in the raised cone, and are characterised by large numbers of mitochondria arranged in a membranous labyrinth. A series of cells form a collar around the base of the cone. Junction cells have been identified which are present at the point of insertion of the cone into the rectal epithelium. The base of the cone consists of cells with elaborately folded plasma membranes facing both the central cavity of the cone, and the haemolymph. The structure of this rectal papilla is compared with those found in other insects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 161 (1975), S. 541-553 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Corpora lutea (Rabbit) ; Endocytosis ; Peroxidase ; Lysosomes ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Horseradish peroxidase (HBP) was injected directly into the corpora lutea of rabbits on different days of pseudopregnancy. Young luteal cells have also been incubated “in vitro” in a medium containing horseradish peroxidase. In the “in vivo” experiments the 5 to 9 days old luteal cells take up far more horseradish peroxidase than the older ones (14–20 days). Different types of endocytic vacuoles, MvB's and also some DB's are already peroxidase positive shortly (15–20 min) after injection of the tracer. In the “in vitro” experiments the cells are more heavily loaded. The normal morphology of pale, dense and terminal MvB's is also described and staining with PTA at low pH provides further information on changes occurring in the MvB's. The various findings on multivesicular bodies are compared and two possible pathways for endocytic vacuoles are proposed: one to DB's the other to MvB's. The related phenomena of the uptake of material and the internalization of plasma membrane are discussed in the light of the possible function of endocytosis in luteal cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 162 (1975), S. 75-82 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Smooth muscle ; Morphometry ; Membrane ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ratio of cell volume to cell surface area (V/A) has been measured by electron microscopy, for the smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig taenia coli. The extent of shrinkage which occurs during processing for electron microscopy has been estimated using Archimedes' principle. The corrected ratio of V/A is 0.8 μm which is lower than previously published estimates for this tissue. The contribution of the surface vesicles to V/A was not included in the present estimate, but the extra surface area contributed by these organelles would lower V/A even more.
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 162 (1975), S. 107-118 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Basal disk ; Gastrodermis ; Mesoglea ; Hydra ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The gastrodermis and mesoglea of the basal disk of Hydra were investigated to conclude a three-part series of papers. The gastrodermis is composed of digestive cells (most predominant cell type), mucous and nerve cells (both immature and fully differentiated). The principal function of the digestive cells appears to be storage of protein, lipid and glycogen reserves which are utilized by neighboring cells. Mucous cells apparently use some of the reserves to synthesize their secretions which lubricate cells and prevent cell damage during egestion of waste through the aboral pore. The function of the gastrodermal nerve cells is uncertain. The mesoglea of the basal disk, contains the same structural components as seen in other regions of the polyp. It is reasonable to assume that it maintains the same function of cell adhesion and migration. As the mesoglea converges on the aboral pore, it loses its structural integrity and cells are sloughed off the column.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 162 (1975), S. 93-105 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Myelination ; Cell culture ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Myelin formation in cultures of previously dissociated spinal cord from foetal mice is described. In addition to the expected pattern of myelination, in which axons are closely wrapped by myelin lamellae, redundant folds of myelin have been found, as have double sheaths surrounding a single axon. Hypotheses concerning the generation of these appearances are discussed. It is suggested that certain intracytoplasmic laminar bodies found in oligodendrocytes in vitro may be of mitochondrial origin.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 162 (1975), S. 119-130 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Adrenal Gland ; Mouse ; X zone ; Castration ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The secondary X zone induced by castration in the adrenal cortex of adult male mice was examined by electron microscopy and radioautography with 3H-thymidine. 10–15 days after castration a thin layer of small eosinophilic cells is formed in the inner-most cortex. Such eosinophilic cells contain irregulary shaped nuclei and spherical or ellipsoidal mitochondria with tubulolamellar cristae, 20–25 days after castration a prominent zone of small eosinophilic cells was clearly identified as the secondary X zone. The typical secondary X zone cells were characterized by the formation of peculiar mitochondrial complexes and whorled sER. The X zone cells with their characteristic organelles incorporated 3H-thymidine. The ultrastructure and formation of the secondary X zone were very similar to those of the primary X zone which appears during normal postnatal development. We demonstrate here the capacity of reticularis cells of adult male mice to transform into typical X zone cells following castration.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 162 (1975), S. 253-269 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Spermatheca ; Ultrastructure ; Cuticle ; Secretory cells ; Sperm storage ; Exocrine glands ; Insect
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The spermatheca of the female mealworm beetle is an inflorescence of branching cuticular ducts which is connected to the bursa copulatrix via a cuticular neck surrounded by a muscular coat. The infolded bursal cuticle consists of a distinct outer epicuticle, inner epicuticle, procuticle, and a subcuticular zone; the latter is rich in mucopolysaccharides. The cuticle of the neck lacks a distinct procuticle. The cuticle of the spermatheca itself is mostly inner epicuticle with two thin underlying lamellae of procuticle. The cells of the bursa are loosely coupled to the procuticle, whereas cuticular projections bind the epithelia of the “neck” and the spermatheca proper to the underlying epithelia. The apical plasma membranes of the spermathecal epithelium are sinuous and much infolded; we believe that this epithelium controls the micro-environment within the cuticular ducts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 162 (1975), S. 357-365 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Catfish ; Endocrine pancreas ; Cell types ; Innervation ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The endocrine pancreas of the bullhead catfish, Ictalurus nebulosus, and the channel catfish, I. punctatas was studied by light and electron microscopy. In addition to the usual A, B and D cells, a fourth endocrine cell type was consistently observed in the electron microscope. All endocrine cell types were innervated. The vesicles of most of the nerve endings were ultrastructurally different from typical adrenergic and cholinergic vesicles, strongly suggesting the possibility of a third autonomic neurotransmitter serving as a regulator of catfish islet secretion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 162 (1975), S. 411-417 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Subradular organ ; Lepidochitona cinereus ; Cell types ; Chemoreception ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Electron microscopy of the subradular organ of the chiton Lepidochitona cinereus (L) reveals at least three cell types, microvillous, ciliated and mucus-secreting, situated in a single epithelium. The base of the epithelium is abundantly innervated and supplied with muscle cells. The fine structure is consistent with a chemosensory function for the subradular organ.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 162 (1975), S. 459-473 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Carotid body ; Domestic fowl ; Reciprocal synapses ; Afferent axons ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Efferent and reciprocal synapses have been demonstrated in the carotid body of the domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus). Synapses were also found with purely afferent morphology, but were probably components of reciprocal synapses. The general morphology of the endings suggested the presence of two types of axon, afferent axons making reciprocal and perhaps afferent synapses with Type I cells, and efferent axons making efferent synapses with Type I cells. A few axo-dendritic synapses were also found. The dense-cored vesicles associated with the afferent components of reciprocal synapses and with the possible true afferent synapses varied in diameter and core but could belong to one population of presynaptic vesicles. These observations are consistent with a new theory for the carotid body receptor mechanism. This proposes a spontaneously discharging afferent axon inhibited by an inhibitory transmitter substance released by the Type I cell via the “afferent” component of its reciprocal synapse, the “efferent” component inhibiting this release. Besides this chemoreceptor modulation of its afferent axon, the Type I cell may also have a general secretory function.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 162 (1975), S. 475-481 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Annulate lamellae ; Parthenogenone ; Ultrastructure ; Rabbit
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Previously it has been shown that, in the rabbit, although annulate lamellae (AL) are absent in the follicular oocytes, they appear in the fertilized eggs after the formation of the pronuclei. Furthermore, neither pronuclei nor AL appear when unfertilized eggs are aged in vivo or in vitro. This study was undertaken to determine whether AL formation requires presence of an intact nucleus, or whether the sperm alone contains the stimulatory factors essential to AL synthesis. Rabbit eggs were exposed to 10°C, then incubated for 24 hours. Control eggs were incubated without cold-treatment. Electron microscopic observations indicated that two-thirds of the eggs formed one or two ‘pronuclei,’ or subnuclei. The remainder one-third of the cold-treated eggs and the control eggs failed to form ‘pronuclei.’ AL were present in large amounts only in those activated eggs (parthenogenones) which formed ‘pronuclei.’ AL were absent in the control and the non-activated experimental eggs, both of which failed to form a ‘pronucleus.’ A few small AL were observed in eggs with subnuclei. Condensed fine textured nucleoli appeared precociously during cold-treatment in some eggs and they were present in the ‘pronuclei’ of activated eggs. It was concluded that the sperm is not necessary for AL formation, but the presence of an intact nucleus is mandatory.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 164 (1975), S. 11-26 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Intermediate lobe ; Mouse ; Growth and development ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The development of the intermediate lobe of the hypophysis was studied in the embryonic C3H mouse; at least four glands from embryos of every gestational day from 15 to 19 were examined. In the 16 day-old embryo prospective secretory cells proliferate at the centre of the intermediate lobe anlage. At the same stage cylindrical cells bordering the hypophyseal cleft begin to reorganize into marginal cells. By the end of fetal life marginal cells are well differentiated. In the 17 day-old embryo a few granular inclusions appear in some centrally located cells. Secretory cells increase in number during the following two embryonic days. Some of these cells contain polymorphic populations of granular and vesicular inclusions by gestational day 19. The possibility of a dual formation of secretory inclusions is discussed. The result implies that the onset of granule-formation by these cells is not contemporaneous with the start of production of melanophore-expanding substances, the presence of which has been detected by earlier biological assays.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 96
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Ultimobranchial body ; Parathyroid gland ; Amphibia ; Gymnophiona ; Innervation ; Electron microscopy ; Histochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Fine structural and enzyme histochemical observations on ultimobranchial body and parathyroid gland of the caecilian Chthonerpeton are presented. The cell clusters and follicles of the ultimobranchial body consist mainly of granulated cells which are termed C-cells and obviously belong to the APUD cell series. In the larger follicles additional possibly exhausted degranulated cells and replacement cells occur. A rich supply of nerve fibres has been found in this gland. Frequently nerve terminals were observed to come into synaptic contact with the C-cells. Two categories of nerve fibres occur: a) fibres containing large polymorphic electron dense granules (probably purinergic fibres), b) fibres containing small electron transparent vesicles and a few electron dense granules (probably cholinergic fibres). The parathyroid gland consists of elongated cells (one cell type) poor in organelles and often containing fields of glycogen and lipid droplets. The cells are further characterized by fair amounts of lysosomal enzymes; they are interconnected by maculae adhaerentes and occludentes. No nerves and blood vessels have been found in the parathyroid gland of Chthonerpeton.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 164 (1975), S. 133-144 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Bladder body ; Mammals ; Musculature ; Innervation ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The distribution and structure of the nerves supplying the muscle of the body of the bladder in mammals such as the mouse, guinea-pig, rabbit, cat and dog was compared with that previously demonstrated in the rat. The muscle of the arterioles located between the muscle bundles is innervated by a fine perivascular plexus and the nerves forming the muscular plexus can be divided into inter-and intra-fascicular components. Terminals containing variable but usually small numbers of clear and large dense-cored vesicles are particularly numerous in the interfascicular nerves and the intrafascicular nerves are characterised by large numbers of terminals with the features of those of cholinergic axons. In addition to many small clear vesicles, the cholinergic terminals contained some small dense-cored vesicles, and it is suggested that, as in the rat, these contain a second transmitter which is released with acetylcholine at the terminals during impulse transmission. Adrenergic terminals are more common in the muscular plexuses of the guinea-pig, dog and cat than in those of the other animals studied and there is evidence for the presence of two types of such terminal in the nerves. Of these, one contains a much smaller proportion of small vesicles with dense cores and many more large dense-cored vesicles than the second, and the possibility of a relationship between such terminals and those of short adrenergic neurones and neurones associated with non-adrenergic patterns of impulse transmission is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 164 (1975), S. 201-213 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Kidney ; Myxine glutinosa ; Cell junctions ; Electron microscopy ; Freeze-fracturing
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The fine structure of the kidney (glomerulus and archinephric duct) of the hagfish, Myxine glutinosa (L.) was studied in thin sections and by freeze-fracture technique. The glomerular filtration barrier is similar to that of mammalian kidneys. However, endothelial fenestrations are relatively scanty and the basement membranes of endothelial cells and podocytes always appear separated by a layer of collagen fibrils and microfibrils often surrounding numerous and extended mesangial cells. Between podocytes and their processes maculae occludentes and peculiar junctions of another type occur. The zonulae occludentes between epithelial cells of the archinephric duct are composed of five or more strands, occasionally of only one or two. Supported in part by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 146, STO B4) and NIH (ISOI-RR 05764).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 164 (1975), S. 215-232 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Ultimobranchial glands ; Anuran larvae ; Metamorphosis ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A comparative optical microscopic and ultrastructural study on the ultimobranchial (UB) glands of three common species of Israeli anurans: Bufo viridis, Hyla arborea, and Rana ridibunda during metamorphosis is presented. The UB glands typically consist of a single follicle with a central lumen, though occasionally secondary follicles are present in Hyla and Rana. A single UB cell type is found which appears either in a very electrondense “dark” form or as a less dense “light” form, though the ratio of dark: light cells from gland to gland at any one stage of metamorphic development is quite variable. By the end of metamorphosis in Bufo and Hyla all the UB cells are usually of the light variety, whereas in Rana the dark cells persist. The organelles of these secretory cells including secretory granules, granular endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes, tonofilaments, microtubules, Golgi bodies, and lipid droplets, their distribution, abundance, and possible functions in relation to metamorphosis are described. Apocrine secretion into the central lumen of the gland is also described and discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 164 (1975), S. 261-269 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pancreatic B cell ; Microtubules ; Secretory Process ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The distribution of microtubules has been studied in pancreatic B cells of normal rats and in animals infused with glucose for various periods of time. An array of microtubules extends from the outer nuclear membrane to the plasma membrane coursing in all directions of the cytoplasmic space. Microtubules are found between profiles of the endoplasmic reticulum, cisternae of the Golgi complex and in close proximity to mitochondria and secretion granules. Insertion of microtubules in the plasma membrane is best studied in tangential sections through the plane of the membrane, the fixation of microtubules might involve microfilaments and desmosomes. The possible role of microtubules in the different phases of the secretory process is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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