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  • Electronic Resource  (7,530)
  • 1975-1979  (4,369)
  • 1965-1969  (3,161)
  • Organic Chemistry  (6,552)
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  • Electronic Resource  (7,530)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Analysis of Technical Diphenylolpropane (Bisphenol A) by High-performance Liquid ChromatographyA method for the investigation of technical 2,2-bis-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-propane (bisphenol A) by high-performance liquid chromatography is described. Microspherical silicagel in unmodified (adsorption) and C16-modified form (reversed phase) was used as support. It has been found that supports with small particle sizes (5 μm) achieve their optimum efficiency only when they possess an adequately narrow optimum particle size distribution.The investigations were carried out using a self-made apparatus. Details concerning an UV-cell being insensitive to gas bubbles as well as a differential refractometer, which can be disassembled, are presented.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 65-70 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Sterische Effekte in der STOBBE-Kondensation von 3,4-disubstituierten Acetophenonen mit Dimethyl-methylsuccinatDie Kondensation von 3,4-Dimethyl-, 3,4-Dimethoxy- und 3,4-Dichloracetophenon mit Dimethylsuccinat in Gegenwart von Kalium-t-butylat lieferte in jedem Fall ölige Gemische der stereoisomeren Halbester 1 und 2. Während die (E)-Halbester 1 zu den entsprechenden 1-Acetoxy-3-nahpthoesäureestern 5 cyclisiert werden konnten, ergaben die (Z)-Halbester 2 unter den gleichen Bedingungen die entsprechenden 3-Oxo-inden-2-(α-subst.)-essigsäuren 7.Das Isomerenverhältnis wird mit sterischen Wechselwirkungen in den γ-Lacton-Zwischenprodukten 8 erklärt.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 93-101 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Reaction of α,β-Dihalogeno-propionitriles with Monosubstituted Hydrazines  -  A Simple Synthesis of 1-Substituted 3- or 5-Amino-pyrazolesIn methanol hydrazines 3, and α,β-dihalogeno-propionitriles 1, 2 even at 0°C irreversibly yield 3 · HX, and α-halogenoacrylonitriles 4, 5 (A1). Fast addition of alkyl- and aralkyl- hydrazines 3 to 4, 5 (C) gives 1-substituted 1-(2′-halogeno-2′-cyan-ethyl)-hydrazines 6, the addition of arylhydrazines 3 to 4, 5 (D) 1-aryl-2-(2′-halogeno-2′-cyan-ethyl)-hydrazines 8. In methanol 6 spontaneously cyclise (E) to hydrogen halides 7 · HX of 1-alkyl- and 1-aralkyl-3-amino-pyrazoles, 8 with 2 moles of acids (F) to salts 10 · 2HY of 1-aryl-4-halogeno-5-imino-pyrazolidines, and the free 10 spontaneously (G) to hydrogen halides 9 · HX of 1-aryl-5-amino-pyrazoles. Mechanisms (A1), (C), (D), (E), (F), and (G) are proved by t.l.c., 1H-n.m.r., and isolation of intermediates, the structures of 7 resp. 9, using the significant 1H-n.m.r.-parameter ΔHMPTCDCl3. Simple general syntheses are described for 3-amino-pyrazoles 7 (R = H, alkyl, aralkyl) or 5-amino-pyrazoles 9 (R = aryl) starting with α,β-dihalogeno-propionitriles 1, 2, and for α-bromo-acrylonitrile 5.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 137-140 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Identification and Determination of Byproducts of the Acrylonitrile Synthesis
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 141-150 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthese von hexakoordinierten Ketiminderivaten des Germanium(IV)
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 175-176 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Verbesserte Synthese von 4,6-Diamino-2-nitro-m-xylen durch Reduktion von 2,4,6-trinitro-m-xylen
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 186-196 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quantum Chemical Investigation of the Cycloaddition of Phenol to Phenylcyanate as an Example for the Study of M.O. Correlation Diagrams of Systems without Symmetry Elements in the Transition State.There is experimental evidence, that the N-monomethylaniline-catalyzed addition of phenol to phenylcyanate proceeds via a six-membered, cyclic transition state, in which N-mono-methylaniline is involved, whose presence as a catalyst is necessary. In the present work is investigated by quantumchemical considerations, whether an analogy can be found between this reaction and a symmetry-allowed [2 + 4]cycloaddition of π-systems. Using the CNDO/2-method an energy curve has been calculated, having only a small activation barrier. The wavefunctions at some points of the reaction coordinate have been localized to bond orbitals, which are then taken into some linear combinations. These do not show any change of their nodal behaviour at points belonging to the starting resp. to the final state of the reaction. This shows, that the above mentioned analogy is valid. For the [2 + 2]cycloaddition in absence of the catalyst, on the contrary, the energy curve shows a very high activation energy, and the nodal behaviour of the combined localized orbitals is changed on passing from the starting to the final state.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 243-248 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mass Spectroscopy of Natural Compounds. I.Comparative Investigation of Anion-Cation Mass Spectra of 2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl EstersThe electron attachment mass spectra (anion mass spectra) of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl esters with different structures of the acids are discussed and compared with the corresponding electron impact spectra. In contrast to the cation mass spectra the molecular ion peak appears in all the anion mass spectra.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 267-273 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Acids HOOCCH(SX)CH(SX)COOH (X = CH2COOH, C6H5) and their Methyl EstersThe acids HOOCCH(SX)CH(SX)COOH with X = CH2COOH and C6H5 and their methyl esters have been prepared by addition of thiols to acetylene dicarboxylic acid as salt and methyl ester. The structures and configurations have been discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 308-314 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of 3 Shortened, Repeatedly by Ala Substituted Analogues of the Insulin B Chain in Protected FormStarting from the previously described fragments of the insulin B chain with native or partielly modified amino acid sequence, the 3 terminal shortened, additionally in several positions by Ala respectively in position 6 by Val substituted analogues B1-27(Ala9, Ala10, Ala27), B4-27-(Ala4, Ala9, Ala10, Ala27) (1) and B4-27(Ala4, Val6, Ala9, Ala10, Ala27) were prepared in protected form.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 323-326 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Concerning the Extractive Behaviour of Long-chain Alkanesulphonates
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 341-344 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Potentiell psychopharmakologische Verbindungen. II. Synthese einiger neuer fluorhaltiger Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 13
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 370-378 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of Triorgano-amido-arsenic-, -antimony- and -bismuthhalidesThe preparation of some triorgano-amido-metalhalides by addition of various N-haloamides to organometallic compounds of the type R3M (M = As, Sb, Bi) in polar aprotic solvents under mild conditions is described. The properties of these derivatives are studied. In solution equilibriums of triorgano-amido-antimonyhalides, the corresponding dihalides, and diamido compounds are existing, as we proved by 1H-n.m.r.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 404-406 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photochromism of the o-Nitrobenzylpyridines in Supercooled Melts2-(2′, 4′-dinitrobenzyl)-pyridines 1 a-g and 4-(2′,4′-dinitrobenzyl)-pyridine 2 form supercooled melts which are photochromic on u.v.-irradiation. The photochromism and the kinetic stability of the coloured form in supercooled melts are quite different from the behaviour in ethanolic solution. The differences are explained on the basis of a polymethin constitution of the coloured form.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 429-436 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cyclization Reactions of 1-[2-amino-1-cyano-2-thio-]ethenepyridinium Ylides1-[2-Amino-1-cyano-2-thio-]ethene-pyridinium ylides 1 can be alkylated with methyliodide or α-haloesters and α-haloketones, respectively, to form 1-[2-alkyl(aryl)amino-1-cyano-2-methylthio-ethene-1]pyridinium iodides 2a--e or 1-[2-alkyl(aryl)-amino-1-cyano-2-alkoxy(aryl)-carbonylmethylthio-ethene-1] pyridinium salts 3a-f. With the exception of 3a-b the compounds 3 or 1 react with haloketones to yield 1-[4-amino-2-alkyl-(aryl)amino-5-benzoyl-thiene-3]pyridinium salts 4a-m or 3-alkyl-4-aryl-2-(1-cyano-1-pyridinium)methylene-Δ4-thiazoline salts 5a-f.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 420-428 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Deactivation Behaviour of Arenes and Heteroarenes. XVII. Fluorescence Quenching of Cations by AnionsFluorescence quenching, caused by cation-anion interaction in the excited state, was investigated for the combinations of 13 acridinium and acridizinium ions (fluorophors) and chloride, bromide and iodide (quenchers). The obtained dependence of rate constants of dynamic quenching process on the acceptor properties of cations in the case of chloride is interpreted by the model of electron transfer in the encounter state. The resulting limit-rate constants of quenching are greater than those of diffusion of neutral molecules, caused by the Coulomb-interaction between cation and anion.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 18
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    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 437-442 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Propellane. I. 3,6,10,13-Tetrathia(4,5,11,12-trans-dicyclohexano)-(6,6,1)propellanDurch Reaktion des 1,1,2,2-Tetrabrommethylcyclopropans mit trans-1,2-Dimercaptocyclohexan wurde die tricyclische Verbindung 1 mit Propellan-Struktur erhalten. Die Struktur dieser Verbindung wurde mit Hilfe spektroskopischer Daten und der Fragmentierung der Massenspektren ermittelt. Für die beiden achtgliedrigen Ringe wird eine “twist-crown” Konformation vorgeschlagen. Die Oxidation des (6,6,1)Propellans 1 führt zu dem entsprechenden Tetrasulfon, in dem der Cyclopropan-Ring erhalten bleibt.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 449-465 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: MO-LCAO Calculations on Polymethines. XI. Local Spectral Excitations in Polynuclear Cyanine DyesVarious branched-conjugated cyanine dyes display long-wavelength absorption bands similar in position to those of their straight-chain substructures. According to the analysis of results of PPP-type calculations this close similarity results from a partial localization of the electronic transitions, whereas the participating electronic states are highly delocalized. The long-wavelength absorptions of symmetrically-branched trinuclear cyanine dyes have an entire molecular chromophore origin resulting from twofold degenerate electronic transitions. Lowering of the symmetry brings about a splitting of the colour-band.In contrast to the branched-conjugated cyanine dyes various tetranuclear cyanine dyes can be considered as being composed of two subchromophores either directly linked or joined through a conjugative bridge. In accordance with PPP configuration analyses and LHM-type calculations the splitting of the colour band is best understood by composite-molecule approaches. In this context the applicability of the simple molecular exciton theory is discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 20
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Umwandlung von 4-Hydroxy-5-nitro-4,5-dihydrothymin unter alkalischen Bedingungen
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  • 21
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    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 519-521 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Untersuchungen an Yliden: Reaktion von N-Phenacylpyridiniumbromiden mit aromatischen Diazoniumsalzen
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 22
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 541-543 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Isosteric Heat of Adsorption of n-Ethane on Zeolites NaX and NaYUsing a volumetric method isotherms of adsorption of ethane on zeolites NaX and NaY were measured. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation was used to calculate the isosteric heat of adsorption of the paraffin on both molecular-sieves. These enthalpies show a linear dependence of the amount of adsorbed molecules. The zeolite with the higher charge density shows a larger heat of adsorption. The difference in the heat of adsorption is explained by adsorption on different centers in the cavity of both zeolites.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 23
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    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 555-564 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Reaction of E-ß-Nitro-styrenes with 3-Pyrazolidone-azomethinimines - a Non-cisoid 1,3-Dipolar CycloadditionNormal flipping at both ring-N-atoms postulated, the thermal addition of E-β-nitro-5a or E-(4-chloro-β-nitro)-styrene 5b to 3-pyrazolidone-azomethinimine-1,3-dipoles 4a or 4b formally can yield 8 isomeric pairs of enantiomers, 4 of which are “permitted”(cisoid) and 4 of which are “forbidden” according to the concerted [π4s + π2s]-mechanism. If the addition of 5 to 4 is regiospecific, 2 “permitted”(cisoid) (1 and 6) and 2 “forbidden”(3 and 10) isomers are conceivable. From pure 5a and 4a we regiospecifically got 1ref,3trans-diphenyl-2cis-nitro-6a (75%) and 1ref,3trans-diphenyl-2trans-nitro-5-oxo-perhydropyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol 10a (25%), from 5b and 4b the corresponding bis(4-chloro-phenyl)-isomers 6b and 10b. The sodium salts 8a, b, gained from 6a, b and 10a, b, are identical. With H⊕ (D⊕) in water (D2O) 8a, b give 6a, b (2-deutero-6a, b = 7a, b). The 1H-n.m.r. spectra of 6a, b, 7a, b, 8a, b, 10a, b, and of the 2-amino-isomers 11a/12a, corresponding to 6a/10a, are discussed.For the first time products of a non-cisoid 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (10a, b) were isolated. In the discussion (E ⇌ Z)-isomerization of 5a, and conceivable mechanisms of isomerizations 6a → 10a are excluded. Theoretical consequences are suggested.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 24
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Characterization of the Radiationless Deactivation of the Lowest Excited Singlet State of N-Methylacridone by Means of the Triplet Sensitized (E) → (Z) Photoisomerization of (E)-StilbeneThe (E) → (Z) isomerization of (E)-stilbene photosensitized by N-methylacridone (A) has been studied under anaerobic conditions at 298 K in dependence on the solvent as well as the concentration of iodoethane as heavy atomquencher. For the experimental conditions the quantum yield of the triplet-triplet energy transfer 3A* → 3E* is unity and the photoreaction is homogenous.The ISC quantum yield of the sensitizer N-methylacridone was determined from the initial slopes of the plotted concentration-time functions in the solvents methanol, N-methylformamide, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, benzene and tetrachloromethane, respectively. The comparison of the ISC quantum yields ψisc and the quantum yields of fluorescence ψf indicate that ψf + ψisc = 1 is true for the used solvents; the IC process is negligible.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 25
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 643-654 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Liquid Crystal ThiazolesThe synthesis of 2,4- and 2,5-disubstituted thiazoles is described and their melting and clearing points are investigated. The influence of the thiazole ring system on the formation of crystalline-liquid phases is discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 26
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Model Calculations on the Counterion Effect in the Cationic Polymerization; Geometry Optimization and Behaviour of the Mixed Halogenoantimonates SbClnBr-n-6.The CNDO/2 method including geometry optimization with respect to the energy has been applied to calculate the structure and the electronic properties of the complex anions SbClnBr-6-n. Independently on the composition of the anions the bond lengths Sb-X (X = Cl, Br) remain those of the pure antimonates.The HOMOs are delocalized over the ligand sphere. They mainly contain components of Br and are lifted by increasing Br amount. The LUMOs have central atom character and are lowered by Br. Charge distribution and Wiberg bond indices indicate extra easy cleavage of the Sb-Br bond if Cl holds a trans position to Br. The computed data agree with spectral properties, the acceptor behaviour and the decay trend of the antimonates SbClnBr-6-n.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 27
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 699-703 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions of Open Chain and Cyclic Ketene-S,S-acetales with Amines
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 28
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 29
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 775-786 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Halogenolipids. III. Alkyl Glyceryl Ether AnaloguesSynthesis of the halogeno analogues of alkyl glycerol ether, 3-fluoro-1-O-hexadecyl-(octadecyl)-propane-1, 2-diol, 2-fluoro-1-O-hexadecyl(octadecyl)-propane-1, 3-diol, 2-chloro-1-O-hexadecyl-propane-1,3-diol and 3-fluoro-2-O-hexadecyl-propane-1,2-diol, which are of interest as potential cytostatic agents, is described.
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  • 30
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 804-812 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthese von N-(Formylphenyl)- und N-(Acetophenyl) Derivaten des Harnstoffs und der CarbaminsäureAminobenzaldehyde und Aminoacetophenone reagieren in Gegenwart von tertiären Aminen, z. B. Pyridin oder Triethylamin, mit Alkylchloroformiaten und Alkylisocyanaten zu den entsprechenden N-(Formylphenyl)- und N-(Acetophenyl)-Derivaten des Harnstoffs 2a-p bzw. der Carbaminsäure 1a-u. Aminobenzaldehyde und Aminoacetophenone reagieren nicht mit N,N-Dialkylcarbamoylchloriden.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 859-864 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Application of Relaxation Reagents in the 13C-NMR Quantitative AnalysisIn 13C-PFT-n.m.r. spectrum, the intensities of different signals become almost equal on adding Cr(acac)3 as a relaxation reagent. An intensity ratio precisely corresponding to the number of the adjacent carbon atoms can be reached only with infinitely high concentrations of Cr(acac)3. By means of a linearized function, it is possible to give an extrapolation to this infinitely high concentration. In this way, a quantitative 13C-n.m.r. analysis can be obtained routinely. The method does not require calibration, the standard deviation amounts to about 10% (rel.).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 32
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 878-878 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 33
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 881-898 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: General Syntheses and Rational Parameters for Structural Assignment of Isomeric Derivatives of [3,4]-fused Pyrazoles4 isomeric 1- or 2-methyl-, and 1- or 2-benzyl-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridones, i.e. the 4-oxo-types 17a, b or 11a, b and the 6-oxo-types 16a, b or 10a, b, are synthesized unambiguously. Cyclisation of 1-substituted 3- or 5-(1-methyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl-vinylamino)-pyrazoles 9a, b or. 15a, b, which were synthesized from 1-substituted 3- or 5-amino-pyrazoles and ethyl acetoacetate yields 11a, b or 17a, b in downtherm, but 10a, b or 16a, b in presence of acidic catalysts. The acidic cyclisation is preceded by a new rearrangement of 9 or 15 into 1- substituted 3- 27 or 5-amino-4-(1-methyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl-vinyl)-pyrazoles 30; mechanism and concurring reactions are explained. Because of their higher electron densities at C-4 it is easier to cyclise derivatives of 5-amino-pyrazoles compared to 3-amino-pyrazoles. All isomeric 1- or 2-substituted 4(6)-chloro-6(4)-methyl-pyrazolo-[3,4-b]pyridines are formed with POCl3 from the corresponding oxo-compounds.The position of a substituent at N-1 or N-2 of [3,4]-fused pyrazoles can be assigned using the significant 1H-n.m.r.-parameter ΔHMPTCDCL3 = δCDCl3  -  - δHMPT (conc. HC - 3). If solvent influences are considered, δ(C = O) is a useful 13C-n.m.r.-parameter to distinguish the 4-oxo-types (11a, b; 17a, b) from the 6-oxo-types (10a, b; 16a, b) of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridones. Further own and lit. dates conc. structural assignment (n.m.r., i.r., u.v.) are discussed critically.
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 921-927 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Neue Möglichkeiten zur Verwendung von 1,1,1-Trichlor-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethan für die Darstellung von selbstlöschenden und wärmebeständigen Polyurethan- und PolyharnstoffharzenEs werden Reaktionen zur Darstellung von 1,1,1-Trichlor-2,2-bis(4-chlor-3-aminophenyl)ethan, 1,1-Dichlor-2,2-bis(4-chlor-3-isocyanatophenyl)ethylen und 1,1,1-Trichlor-2,2-bis(4-chlor-3,5-diaminophenyl)ethan aus 1,1,1-Trichlor-2,2-bis(4-chlorphenyl)ethan beschrieben. Die Polyadditionsprodukte der Diisocyanate mit Diolen und Diaminen werden durch Derivatographie charakterisiert.
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 953-958 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mass Spectra of Alicyclic Compounds. VI. Mass Spectrometric Fragmentation of Chloroacetic Esters of the trans-1,4-CyclohexanediolThe electron impact mass spectra of some chloroacetic esters of trans-1,4-cyclo-hexanediol and of cyclohexanol are discussed.It was found that the fragmentation process in these compounds is determined by the number of chlorine atoms in the acid and the interactions between the two functional groups.
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 987-999 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chemical Synthesis of the Oligonucleotides dpG-A-T-A-T-C, dpG-A-T-C-T-T-T-T and dpT-T-T-C-A-T-C-A-TFor studies of some sequence dependent structural factors the oligonucleotides dpG-A-T-A-T-C, dpG-A-T-C-T-T-T-T and dpT-T-T-C-A-T-C-A-T were required. Their chemical synthesis is reported according to the diester method.
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 1021-1028 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaction of o-Halobenzyl Cyanides with Carbon Disulfide and Phenyl IsothiocyanateStarting from o-halobenzyl cyanides 1 and carbon disulfide in the presence of sodium hydride dithiolates 3 are prepared, which are not isolated. Alkylation under cooling gives ketene S, S-acetals 4, while on heating at 100°C benzo[b]thiophenes 6 are obtained. Nitrile cyclisation yields thieno[2, 3-b]benzothiophene 7. Reaction of 1 with phenyl isothiocyanate/sodium hydride and subsequent alkylation leads to the ketene S, N-acetals 13 und to the thiazolidines 15.
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  • 38
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 1047-1052 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaktionen mit Acetondicarbonsäure-Dianiliden. I. Reaktionen an der Carbonylgruppe
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1851-1863 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The boundary control problem of optimal heating of an infinitely long slab with tempertue-dependent thermal conductivity, subjected to a convection and radiation boundary condition, is analysed by numerical methods.In order to reformulate the optimal control problem of distributed parameter systems as a mathematical programming problem of finite dimension, a space, co-ordinate is discretized by use of the finite element method, while the Runge-Kutta method is utilized for time integrations. Finally, the performance index of the optimal control problem is minimized by the conjugate gradient method of optimization.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1879-1879 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 41
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1875-1878 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 103-113 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new finite element technique for two-dimensional viscous incompressible fluid flow problems is presented in this paper. The vorticity transport equation is integrated in a small control volume, which results in the conservation law of vorticity. The finite element technique is applied to this equation together with the continuity equation, where simple linear triangular elements with three nodes are used for the formulation. Resulting sets of algebraic equations are solved by the use of a kind of relaxation method. Numerical results for viscous flow past a cavity show good agreement with experimental results.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 148-152 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 125-142 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An implementation of the Ahmad Thick Shell element using vector manipulation, reduced integration and the incorporation of the missing term in the approximating polynomial is presented. The first two aspects are merely applications. The theory is presented elsewhere6,7,11,18 and will not be repeated for the sake of conciseness. The third aspect was achieved by adding to the original nodal configuration a central node having only one degree-of-freedom. That node is then eliminated to preserve the original number of degrees-of-freedom.The Ahmad thick shell element is adequately presented in finite element literature.1-3 The co-ordinate definition and the displacement field are retained and will not be dealt with henceforth. However, a different concept of the strain definition due to Irons is used and the bending terms are included in the modulus matrix.The element like all second generation isoparametric elements is easily implemented through a shape function subroutine suitable for quadrilaterals. It reproduces exactly rigid body motion for any combination of elements of any geometry even for elements withcurved sides and variable thickness. Although Ahmad's thick shell element passed the patch test for unequal parallelograms but not for quadrilaterals the version presented passes that test for quadrilaterals.In spite of its credentials, the new version denoted by A has a major setback. the presence of one too many spurious mechanism is reported.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 153-155 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 143-147 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A method by which the numerical difficulties that one encounters while attempting to solve the differential equations which describe a diffusion flame can be circumvented is the quasi-linearization technique. Application of this method in conjunction with difference approximations transforms the equations into tri-diagonal matrices which can be inverted by the Thomas method. Since this is an iterative method initial profiles are generated by employing Burke-Schumann kinetics. This method is found to be superior to the marching techiques that are frequently used in the analyses of diffusion flames.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 48
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. I 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 159-178 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A series of open-type elements which are compatible with axisymmetric thin shell elements have been dervied. These elements allow the effects of intermediate openings and discrete support systems for rotational shells to be realistically modelled in the dynamic regime. Also, consistent load vectors for several common cases are derived.The availablility of these elements in a public domain computer program enhances the possibility for modelling systems which are basically axisymmetric but which include intermediate or end supports using a rotational shell code.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 179-200 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A simple, efficient and versatile finite element is introduced for shell applications. The element is developed based on a degeneration concept, in which the displacements and rotations of the shell mid-surface are independent variables. Bilinear functions are employed in conjunction with a reduced integration for the transverse shear energy. Several examples are tested to demonstrate the effectiveness and versatility of the element. The numerical results indicate that the shell element performs accurately for both thick and thin shell situations.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 227-233 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A numerical method is presented for the determination of control temperatures to be applied to the surface of a steel ingot to induce a predetermined temperature distribution within the ingot. The one-dimensional case of an infinite plate is considered and the problem converted to one of static optimization which is then solved using a partial quadratic interpolation technique.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 251-269 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A numerical method for the solution of the two dimensional Shockley-Poisson equation is presented and applied to the analysis of MOS devices. This SOR-Newton method is compared to Gummel's algorithm in two dimensions and shown to be more easily implemented. Application of the resulting code to interelectrode effects in charge coupled devices is given as an example.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 271-286 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The finite element method is employed for the calculation in Cartesian co-ordinates of uniform flow on a rectangular region which encounters an embedded oblique shock with known turning angle. A modified form of the code so developed is used to obtain preliminary results concerning finite element performance in the calculation of viscous recirculating flow with embedded weak shocks.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 290-291 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 296-306 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A simple and accurate four-node quadrilateral plate-bending element based on stress assumptions is presented. Initial theremal strains and transverse shear stresses are included. The derivation is straightforward and without gimmicks and no numerical integration is necessary. The element behaves well for a wide range of aspect ratios with excellent convergence characteristics. The element is now being used in a practical warped configuration and with anisotropic material properties in the Lockheed-California Company NASTRAN system.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 312-312 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 307-311 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 313-313 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 313-314 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 315-315 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979) 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. i 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 337-357 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The use of contacting components such as gear teeth in mesh and shrink-fitted shafts is very common in engineering practice. This paper deals with the development of a theoretical method which gives a solution for non-linear contact problems with irreversibility resulting from stick-slip phenomenon.The method is based on the finite element method and load incremental theory. The geometrical and the statical boundary conditions on contact surfaces are treated as additional conditions being independent of stiffness equations. As a result, the algorithm of calculation is simplified and only a part of the simultaneous equations related to the contact surfaces is required to be solved instead of the overall stiffness equations at each step. Furthermore, the magnitude of load causing a change in a contact condition of one contact nodepair is taken as a load increment, in analogy with the incremental iterative procedure for elastic-plastic problems. Therefore, the method provides a general and efficient method for analysis and design of such problems.As illustrative examples, the stick-slip behaviour of turbo-alternator end-bells and other problems are discussed. The calculated results show a reasonable agreement with experimental data and other solutions.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1805-1812 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Algorithms are described for checking the topological consistency of two- or three-dimensional meshes. Two-dimensional meshes may include mixtures of triangles, quadrilaterals and other polygons with optional edge or centre nodes; three-dimensional meshes may include mixtures of cuboids and tetrahedra with optional edge; sie or internal nodes.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 81-102 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper considers the finite element analysis of the free, undamped and the forced damped vibrations of rotationally periodic structures. Associated with every natural frequency (except for those for which the deflection is the same at corresponding points on every substructure) there are a pair of orthogonal mode shapes, with eigenvectors {u} and {ü}. The complex vector {z}={u}+i{ü} is also an eigenvector of the equations of motion, and represents a rotating normal mode. The deflection of one substructure has the same amplitude as, and a constant phase difference from the deflection of the preceding substructure. It is therefore possible to analysse the complete structure by considering only one substructure, and applying appropriate complex constraints at its boundary with the following substructure, so as to and applying appropriate complex constrainsts at its boundary with the following substructure, so as to impose this phase difference. The method has been implemented in a computer program and is illustrated by analyses of an alternator end winding, a cooling tower with legs, and a wheel of turbine blades.For forced vibration, it is shown that any arbitrary oscillatory force can be decomposed into a series of rotating forces. For any one of these rotating components, there is a fixed relationship between the amplitude and phase of the force acting on one substructure, and that acting on an adjoining substructure. This relationship, which does not involve any approximation, can be used to enable a series of calculations of the response of one substructure to be performed instead of one on the whole structure. A series of calculations on an individual substructure normally requires much less computer time and storage than a single calculation on the complete structure.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 115-124 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Load-free notch surfaces of bodies made of a linear-elastic, homogeneous, isotropic material are optimized within given variation domains by means of an interation procedure so that the occurring maximum tangéntial stress is reduced to a minimum. The hypothesis of a constant tangential stress distribution for obtaining minimal notch stresses proposed by R. V. Baud has been confirmed by means of the Fade-away Law of the notch stress theory. The finite element method is applied for calculating the displacement and stress field of the styructure. An increment procedure is used for determing the displacement field after every iteration step, which permits the calculation of the displacement quantities with sufficient accuracy in a single step. Numerical solutions and their comparison with analytical solutions and stress results obtained with the aid of photo-elasticity confirm the usefulness of this procedure. The known optimization methods1,2 differ from those used in the present paper.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 317-336 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a novel integral-equation technique for solving the steady-state wave-resistance problem. The free-surface condition is linearized, but the body condition is satisfied exactly. An integral relation describing the flow inside an arbitrarily truncated internal region is first obtained by applying Green's Theorem, using only the simple source function for an infinite fluid. The internal flow is next matched with eigen expansions in the upstream and downstream outer regions. The radiation condition can be satisfied exactly simply by a proper choice of the solution form in these outer regions. The method is applied to investigate flows about both lifting and non-lifting two-dimensional bodies. Agreement with existing results is excellent. The present formulation provides a simple yet rational basis for tackling the practical three-dimensional ship-wave problem, in which past workers have encountered considerable difficulties using a complicated free-surface Green function.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 379-408 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper we present an algorithm for adaptively computing smooth piecewise polynomial approximations using restricted range uniform approximations on a finite point set. We also present several numerical examples and offer suggestions for the effective use of this algorithm. We have found the algorithm to be effective for approximating a wide class of functions, either with or without significant levels of noise. Furthermore, since the user of this algorithm actually defines tolerance bands within which the approximation will lie, the algorithm allows the user a great deal of flexibility and control over the shape of the resulting approximations.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 359-378 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Two alternative numerical methods are presented, based on the assumed-stress hybrid finite element model and the initial-stress approach, for the elastic-plastic small-deflection analysis of structures under static loading. The use of the initial-stress approach results in a set of simultaneous linear algebraic incremental equations to be solved at each loading step, with the elastic stiffness matrix remaining unchanged throughout the loading process and the effects of plasticity included as equivalent element loads. The derivation of these alternative methods differs in the assigning of the incremental stress which satisfies equilibrium; in one case it is the actual stress increment while in the other it is a fictitious stress increment. An equilibrium imbalance correction is included in each of these methods to prevent drifting of the solution during the incremental process. Example solutions are presented which demonstrate the accuracy of the two methods and permit comparisons of the relative efficiencies of the two methods.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 409-421 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Families of two-and three-dimensional finite elements are constructed for use in modelling fields with singular derivatives. The elements are complete over linear fields, conform with regular elements, and are easily programmed. A low order exact quadrature rule is also derived for element stiffness calculations.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 423-440 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper summarizes the formulation of a set of computer algorithms for the solution of the three-dimensional non-linear Poisson field problem. Results are presented that were obtained by applying algorithms to the analysis of two-dimensional magnetostatic fields. Scalar and vector potentials were used, and it is shown that the convenient single valued scalar potential associated with the induced sources gives severe accuracy problems in permeable regions. The results become as good as those obtained using vector potential if the scalar potential associated with the total field is used for permeable regions. The combination of two scalar potentials has a significant advantage for three-dimensional problems.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 451-458 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A general non-linear interpolation procedure for contouring on any isoparametric surface was presented in a previous article. The method used standard isoparametric interpolation functions and a predictor method for tracing element contour lines. The method presented here extends the previous work by using a predictor-corrector method to trace element contour lines, thereby making the contouring algorithm more accurate.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979) 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 507-513 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 499-505 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The method for the evaluation of the thermal loads used in the incremental finite element analysis of elasto-plastic stress is presented. The stress distributions obtained by two apparently possible methods for evaluation of the thermal loads are compared.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 475-497 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents an isoparametric finite element formulation for the torsion and the flexure due to end shears for the beam cross-sections of arbitrary shape. Isoparametric line elements are developed using this formulation for the beam cross-sections consisting of very thin wall open or close multicells. Isoparametric transition elements are also developed for the beam cross-sections consisting of both thin wall sections and solid like sections. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and the applications of such elements.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 630-630 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 624-628 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A stationary variational formulation of the necessary conditions for optimality is derived for an optimal control problem governed by a parabolic equation and mixed boundary conditions. Then a mixed finite element model with elements in space and time is utilized to solve a simple numerical example whose analytical and finite difference solutions are given elsewhere. Numerical results show that the proposed method with C° continuity elements constitutes a powerful numerical technique for solution of optimal control problems of distributed parameter systems.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 631-632 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 632-632 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 647-664 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new energy based finite difference analytical technique is introduced. The method incorporates certain energy concepts and the ability to use arbitrary, irregular meshes within the framework of the Finite Difference Method. This formulation reduces any governing partial differential equations to a set of difference equations containing partial derivatives up to and including the second order. Further, certain strong similarities with the popular Finite Element Method are shown and the ability to solve problems with irregular boundaries is discussed. To demonstrate the Finite Difference Energy Method several plate bending problems are solved.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 665-679 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A study of the application of the Finite Element Method to compressible potential flows, typified by the airfoil problem, is undertaken. Some novel approaches, believed to simplify solution techniques, are presented.The solutions use two pseudo-variational integrals, appropriate to subsonic flows, and possessing a physical iterative basis. With constant-derivatives triangular elements formulated for cylindrical co-ordinates, accurate solutions are easily obtained for the flow over a circular cylinder. For arbitrary airfoils a simple mapping is used to transform them into near circles. An appropriate mesh is then constructed in the mapped plane. The paper then presents two solution approaches by which this non-linear problem is solved in both the near circle plane and the airfoil plane.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 681-701 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A potentially powerful numerical method for solving certain boundary value problems is developed. The method combines the simplicity of orthogonal collocation with the versatility of deformable finite elements. Bicubic Hermite elements with four degrees-of-freedom per node are used. A subparametric transformation permits the precise positioning of the collocation points for maximum accuracy as well as a unique representation of irregular boundaries. It is shown that by taking advantage of the boundary conditions, a minimum number of collocation points can be used.The method is particularly suitable for potential and mass transport problems where a C1 continuous solution is required. In contrast to the Galerkin approach, it does not require the evaluation of basis function products and numerical integration, also the coefficient matrix contains only about half as many non-zero terms as the corresponding Galerkin coefficient matrix. This results in approximately a 90 per cent reduction in formulation and a 50 per cent reduction in solution operation, as compared with the Galerkin finite element method, for this type of problem. Examples show that the accuracy of the collocation solution is as good as or better than that of the Galerkin solution.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 703-725 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A general matrix formulation and mathematical programming techniques are used for the analysis of arch bridge structures in the inelastic range. Discretization of the structural model and of the constitutive laws of the material enables the solution of a number of engineering problems by a unified computer program. The capability of the method includes and limit load and deformation analysis, historical load-deformation analysis and shakedown load analysis. All these problmes but the last one are covered in the paper and are illustrated in the example of an actual reinforced concrete arch bridge with a stiffening girder.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 786-786 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 787-790 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 785-786 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979) 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. i 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. ii 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 791-812 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The essence of the proposed curvilinear finite difference solution method is the direct solution of the transformed fourth order partial differentiall equation using the finite difference expressions based on the flexible structure so that the geometry generality of the finite element method can be approached. The examples of applications indicte that the curvilinear mesh can be used and the boundary condition on the curved boundary can be easily and accurately prescribed.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 813-836 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An interactive computer graphics system has been developed for generating the geometric description of an arbitrary shell surfface. The various difficulties facing the user of sophisticated, doubly-curved shell finite elements and the inefficiency of preprocessing for shell analysis are discussed to explain the benefits of this system. The method is a synthesis of spline theory and algorithms, and an interactive means for man-machine communication. The basic technique employed is a modified lofting method in which cardinal splines. An inversion procedure is incorporated which increases significantly the efficiency of the B-spline approximation process. Static and dynamic graphic displays greatly enhance visualization at any stage of the procedure. Two examples of practical interest are presented in some detail to demonstratge the flexibility and usefulness of this approach. Some natural extensions of this system for interactive mesh generation on the surface are also demonstrated.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 837-853 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Three widely-used nodal resequencing algorithms were tested and compared for their ability to reduce matrix profile and root-mean-square (rms) wavefront, the latter being the most critical parameter in determining matrix decomposition time in the NASTRAN finite element computer program. The three algorithms are Cuthill-McKee (CM), Gibbs-Poole-Stockmeyer (GPS), and Levy. Results are presented for a diversified collection of 30 test problems ranging in size from 59 to 2680 nodes. It is concluded that GPS is exceptionally fast, and, for the conditions under which the test was made, the algorithm best able to reduce profile and rms wavefront consistently well. An extensive bibliography of resequencing algorithms is included.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 855-870 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A simple computer method is presented for analysing statically indeterminate beams having sectionally constant EI values and loads consisting of any number of arbitrarily placed concentrated forces and couples as well as any number of uniform and ramp loads. Unknown reactions are treated as parameters which are determined by simulataneous imposition of end conditions and interior constraints. Support locations are specified independently of any discontinuites of load or cross-section. A computer program implementing this method is described which has very concise data input considerably shorter than tupically required in programs based on the stiffness method.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 871-903 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In References 1 and 2, algorithms were introduced for adaptively computing smooth piecewise polynomial approximations using uniform, least-squars (l2) and restricted-range uniform approximations. This present paper introduces a FORTRAN program for computing smooth piecewise polynomial approximations to data and/or precise mathematical functions (in discrete form) which allows the user the option of using best l1 of best l2 approximations. (The l2 option of this newly developed l1-l2 adaptive curve-fitting package supersedes the code listed in Reference 1 for the old least-squares program.) In this paper, adaptive curve-fitting algorithm used in this l1-l2 package is described in detail, the FORTRAN program is the given (in the Appendix) and discussed, the numerical results are presented in an effort to illustrate how the l1 and l2 versions of this algorithm may be used most effectively.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 905-911 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A numerical experiment has been conducted to check theeffectiveness and reliablity of the orthnormalization process tosolve two-point boundary value problems. This process in usedalong with the method of superposition in the linear case andwith the quasilinearization and then the method of superpositionin the non-linear case.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 921-931 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Truncation errors introduced by operator splittingtechniques, such as the ADI scheme, are discussed in the contextof the two-dimensional shallow-water equations. Numericalexamples of flow along a uniform channel, with and withoutfriction, illustrate the practical significance of these errors when the boundary is not aligned with the computational gridaxes. With irregular boundaries the maximum time step aceptable ismore severely restricted than has been realized hitherto. The problem, which is shown to stem from the treatment of the boundary conditons, is inherent in any splitting scheme and is difficult to circumvent.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 913-920 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Long thin test specimens of orthotropic material are modelledby quadratic isoparametric finite elements in plane strain. Displacement oscillations occur down the long free edge of themodel with both reduced (2 × 2) and full (3 × 3) integration, themagnitude of the oscillations being affected by element aspectratio and the elastic constants of the material. The rate ofdiffusion of stress as predicted by the classical shear-lag theory, being dependent on the material constants, is reflectedin the displacement oscillations near the load in 3 × 3integration. In 2 × 2 integration, however, this effect is swampedby the build-up of oscillations away from the restraints in alowenergy deformation mode which becomes dominant as the elementaspect ration is increased. These latter voscillations arepredicted by the illconditioning of the structural stiffnessmatrix measured by a solution diagonal decay factor.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 937-941 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 933-936 
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