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  • 1980-1984  (4,785)
  • Organic Chemistry  (3,406)
  • Engineering  (1,378)
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  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Darstellung konfigurationsisomerer 3,4-Dihydrobilirubinsäurederivate als Bausteine für Gallenfarbstoffsynthesen (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 1441-1453 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of Stereoisomeric 3,4-Dihydrobilirubinic Acid Derivatives as Building Blocks for the Synthesis of Bile PigmentsBy reduction of 5′-carboxyneoxanthobilirubinic acid 3 with sodium amalgam in hot water the stereoisomeric 5′-carboxy-3,4-dihydrobilirubinic acids 9 and 15 are formed and from the isomer 4 the stereoisomers 10 and 16 can be obtained. The stereoisomers can be separated by preparative HPLC on reversed-phase silica gel. The unequivocal determination of the configuration was performed with the aldehydes 11, 12 and 17, 18.
    Notes: Durch Reduktion der 5′-Carboxyneoxanthobilirubinsäure 3 mit Natriumamalgam in heißem Wasser gewinnt man die stereoisomeren 5′-Carboxy-3,4-dihydroneobilirubinsäuren 9 und 15 und aus dem Isomeren 4 entsprechend die Stereoisomeren 10 und 16. Die Stereoisomeren lassen sich durch präparative HPLC an Reversed-Phase-Kieselgel voneinander trennen. Die eindeutige sterische Zuordnung erfolgt bei den Aldehyden 11, 12 und 17, 18.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840807
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemie der Nitrosamine, IV. Synthesen von α-C-funktionellen N-Nitrosodialkylaminen: Ester und Ether von 1-[(Alkyl)(nitroso)amino]alkoholen (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 1468-1493 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Chemistry of Nitrosamines, IV. - Syntheses of α-C-Functionalized N-Nitrosodialkylamines:Esters and Ethers of 1-[(Alkyl)(nitroso)amino]alcoholsImines (Schiff's bases) and nitrosyl chloride react to give N-alkyl-1-chloro-N-nitrosoalkylamines 13. Nucleophilic substitution by acetate or p-nitrobenzoate affords the acetates 7 and 9 and p-nitrobenzoates 8 and 10, respectively. The spectroscopic and chemical data of the newly synthesized compounds are discussed.
    Notes: Imine (Schiff-Basen) addieren Nitrosylchlorid unter Bildung von N-Alkyl-1-chlor-N-nitrosoalkyl-aminen 13. Durch nucleophile Substitution mit Acetat oder p-Nitrobenzoat sind daraus die Acetate 7 und 9 sowie die p-Nitrobenzoate 8 und 10 zugänglich. Die spektroskopischen Daten und die chemischen Eigenschaften der neu dargestellten Verbindungen werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 9 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840808
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tetrahydrofuransäuren - eine neue Klasse von Verbindungen des Humanstoffwechsels (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 1504-1512 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Tetrahydrofuran Acids - A New Class of Compounds in Human MetabolismA previously unknown acid, tetrahydro-2,5-furandiacetic acid (3,6-epoxyoctanedioic acid) (1a) is excreted in human urine in daily rates in a 3 to 5-mg range. The homologues 2a, 3a, 4a, and 5a were also found, but they occur only in trace amounts.
    Notes: Im Humanurin wird die bisher als Naturstoff unbekannte Tetrahydro-2,5-furandiessigsäure (3,6-Epoxyoctandisäure) (1a) in täglichen Mengen von etwa 3-5 mg ausgeschieden. Höhere Homologe 2a, 3a, 4a und 5a werden ebenfalls gefunden, sie kommen aber nur in Spuren vor.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840810
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1,6-Anhydrofuranosen, XIV Selektive Monotosylierung der 1,6-Anhydro-β-D-mannofuranose (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 1591-1596 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 1,6-Anhydrofuranoses, XIV. - Selective Monotosylation of 1,6-Anhydro-β-D-mannofuranoseMonotosylation of 1,6-anhydro-β-D-mannofuranose (1) with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in pyridine gives the 5-O-tosylate 2a in high yield (79%). As by-products of the reaction small amounts of the 3-O-monotosylate 3a (0.4%) as well as the 2,5- and 3,5-di-O-tosylates 4a (3.5%) and 5a (1.2%), respectively, are isolated. Product identification was achieved by 1H NMR spectroscopy in comparison with the data for the acetates 2b, 3b, 4b, and 5b. Observed selectivities are rationalized by concerning steric and electronic effects.
    Notes: Die Monotosylierung der 1,6-Anhydro-β-D-mannofuranose (1) mit Tosylchlorid in Pyridin liefert hochselektiv das 5-O-Tosylat 2a (79%). Daneben konnten in geringer Menge das 3-O-Monotosylat 3a (0.4%) sowie die 2,5- und 3,5-Di-O-tosylate 4a (3.5%) bzw. 5a (1.2%) isoliert werden. Die Identifizierung der Produkte erfolgte durch 1H-NMR-Spektroskopie unter Berücksichtigung der Daten für die Acetate 2b, 3b, 4b und 5b. Die beobachteten Selektivitäten werden unter Beachtung elektronischer und sterischer Faktoren interpretiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840907
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesen mesitylsubstituierter Azulene (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 1605-1615 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthese of Mesityl-substituted AzulenesThe five position isomer mesityl-substituted azulenes 1-5 have been prepared for the first time. 1- and 5-mesitylazulene (1 and 4) have been obtained by addition of mesityl-Li to appropriate ketonic precursors followed by dehydration and dehydrogenation with sulfur. 2- and 6-mesitylazulene (2 and 5) have been prepared by Hafner syntheses from correspondingly substituted precursors, and 4-mesitylazulene (3) was synthesized via nucleophilic addition of mesityl-Li to azulene. The physical properties as well as electronic spectra are compared and discussed.
    Notes: Die fünf stellungsisomeren mesitylsubstituierten Azulene 1-5 wurden erstmals dargestellt. 1- und 5-Mesitylazulen (1 und 4) wurden durch Addition von Mesityl-Li an geeignete Ketonvorstufen mit nachfolgender Dehydratisierung und Dehydrierung mit Schwefel erhalten. 2- und 6-Mesitylazulen (2 und 5) wurden durch Hafner-Synthesen aus geeignet mesitylsubstituierten Vorstufen dargestellt, und 4-Mesitylazulen (3) wurde über nucleophile Addition von Mesityllithium an Azulen erhalten. Die physikalischen Eigenschaften und Elektronenspektren dieser Verbindungen werden vergleichend diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840909
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419841001
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antibiotika aus Basidiomyceten, XX Synthese von Strobilurin A und Revision der Stereochemie der natürlichen Strobilurine (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 1616-1625 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Antibiotics from Basidiomycetes, XX. - Synthesis of Strobilurin A and Revision of the Stereochemistry of Natural StrobilurinsCondensation of cinnamaldehyde (5) with 2-oxobutyric acid (6) leads to the (E,E)-keto acid 7 which is converted into (9E)-strobilurin (1a) via methyl ester 9 and Wittig reaction of the latter with (methoxymethylene)triphenylphosphorane. On irradiation 1a undergoes inversion at the double bond in position 9 and yields strobilurin A (1b) which is identical with the natural product. Due to this result the (9Z) stereochemistry has to be assigned to all natural strobilurins 1b-4b, contrary to former formulations. This assignment is further supported by spectral comparison of 1a and 1b as well as by thermal cyclization of 1b to the biphenyl derivative 11. The latter can also be obtained by condensation of methyl 2-(methoxymethylene)acetoacetate (13) with cinnamylidenetriphenylphosphorane (12). Base-catalyzed condensation of 13 yields dimethyl 4-hydroxyisophthalate (14).
    Notes: Kondensation von Zimtaldehyd (5) mit 2-Oxobuttersäure (6) liefert die (E,E)-Ketosäure 7, die nach Überführung in den Methylester 9 und Wittig-Reaktion mit (Methoxymethylen)triphenylphosphoran (9E)-Strobilurin A (1a) ergibt. Inversion der 9-Doppelbindung durch Belichten führt zu Strobilurin A (1b), das mit dem Naturprodukt identisch ist. Danach besitzen alle natürlichen Strobilurine 1b-4b im Gegensatz zu früheren Angaben die (9Z)-Konfiguration. Diese Zuordnung wird durch den spektroskopischen Vergleich von 1a und 1b sowie durch thermische Cyclisierung von 1b zum Biphenyl-Derivat 11 gesichert. 11 kann auch durch Reaktion von 2-(Methoxymethylen)acetessigsäure-methylester (13) mit Cinnamylidentriphenylphosphoran (12) erhalten werden. Kondensation von 13 unter basischen Bedingungen liefert 4-Hydroxyisophthalsäure-dimethylester (14).
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840910
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chelating Vesicles Made From N,N-Dihexadecyl-1,2-ethanediamine-N′,N′-diacetic Acid (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 1634-1640 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chelatisierende Vesikel aus N, N-Dihexadecyl-1,2-ethandiamin-N′,N′-diessigsäureWäßrige Suspensionen von N,N-Dihexadecyl-1,2-ethandiamin-N′,N′-diessigsäure (1d) ergeben bei pH = 3.5 und 9.0 stabile Vesikel, wenn sie mit Ultraschall behandelt werden. Die äußere Vesikeloberfläche chelatisiert Kupfer(II)- und Eisen(III)-Ionen, ohne daß die Vesikel ausfallen.
    Notes: Aqueous suspensions of N,N-Dihexadecyl-1,2-ethanediamine-N′,N′-diacetic acid (1d) give stable vesicles on sonication at pH = 3.5 and 9.0. The outer vesicle surface chelates copper(II) and iron(III) ions without vesicle precipitation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419841003
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Azolide, 7 Phosphonat- und Phosphatgruppen-Übertragung mit Pyrazoliden (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 1641-1652 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Azolides, 7. - Phosphonate and Phosphate Group Transfer with PyrazolidesThe tert-butylammonium-α-diazophosphinates 7 add onto acceptor-substituted acetylenes 8 with formation of N-phosphorylpyrazoles: Primarily formed 3H-pyrazoles 9 undergo spontaneous sigmatropic [1,5] shift of the anionic PO-group to yield 10. α-Diazophosphonates of the same type (12) react by [3 + 2] cycloaddition also with 8, but the subsequent rearrangement reaction finally leads to the C-phosphorylated pyrazoles 11. In contrast to this the same tert-butylammonium α-diazophosphonates 12, when reacted with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (14), prefer formation of the N-phosphorylated pyrazoles 15. - The azolides 10 and 15 transfer their anionic phosphoryl group under mild conditions onto protic nucleophiles. With amines tert-butylammonium amidophosphonates (10a + R1R2NH → 16 + 19) or tert-butylammonium-amidophosphates (15a + R1R2NH → 16 + 21 + 22) are formed; with alcohols 15a yields the phosphates 20.
    Notes: Die tert-Butylammonium-α-diazophosphinate 7 addieren sich an akzeptorsubstituierte Acetylene 8 unter Bildung von N-Phosphorylpyrazolen: Primär gebildete 3H-Pyrazole 9 gehen spontane sigmatrope [1,5]-Verschiebung der anionischen PO-Gruppe zu 10 ein. α-Diazophosphonate des gleichen Typs (12) reagieren zunächst ebenfalls unter [3 + 2]-Cycloaddition mit 8, doch führt die nachfolgende Umlagerung vorzugsweise zu den C-phosphorylierten Pyrazolen 11. Im Gegensatz dazu bevorzugen die gleichen tert-Butylammonium-α-diazophosphonate 12 mit Acetylendicarbonsäure-dimethylester (14) die Bildung der N-phosphorylierten Pyrazole 15. - Die Azolide 10 und 15 übertragen ihre anionische Phosphorylgruppe unter milden Bedingungen auf protische Nucleophile. Mit Aminen werden tert-Butylammonium-amidophosphonate (10a + R1R2NH → 16 + 19) bzw. tert-Butylammonium-amidophosphate (15a + R1R2NH → 16 + 21 + 22) gebildet; mit Alkoholen liefert 15a die Phosphate 20.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419841004
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Struktur von Stenothricin - Korrektur eines früheren Strukturvorschlags (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 1672-1684 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Structure of Stenothricin - Revision of a Previous Structure AssignmentA deviation from the previously assumed molecular mass was proved by fast-atom bombardment mass-spectrometry for the peptide antibiotic stenothricin. Recent investigations of a partial hydrolyzate revealed the presence of α-ketobutyrylvaline formed by hydrolysis of an α,β-dehydroaminobutyric acid (DH-Abu) moiety. Fragments obtained by partial hydrolysis of stenothricin after catalytic hydrogenation show that the previously identified tripeptide D-aThr-L-Ser-L-Dpr is linked over DH-Abu to the tetrapeptide L-Val-D-Ser-L-Lys-Sar. The carboxy group of Sar is esterified with the hydroxy group of D-aThr. The N-terminus is formed by D-cysteic acid, which is N-acylated by β-ketoacyl residues and is connected to the cyclic octapeptide lactone via the amino group of D-a Thr.
    Notes: Die durch Fast-Atom-Bombardment-Massenspektrometrie gegenüber früheren Annahmen nachgewiesene Abweichung der Molmasse von Stenothricin erforderte eine erneute Untersuchung dieses Peptidantibiotikums. Gegenüber früheren Befunden konnte im Partialhydrolysat zusätzlich α-Ketobutyrylvalin identifiziert werden, das durch Verseifung von α,β-Dehydroaminobuttersäure (DH-Abu) entsteht. Nach katalytischer Hydrierung von Stenothricin durch Partialhydrolyse erhaltene Fragmente zeigen, daß das schon früher identifizierte Tripeptid D-aThr-L-Ser-L-Dprüber DH-Abu an das Tetrapeptid L-Val-D-Ser-L-Lys-Sar gebunden ist. Die Carboxygruppe von Sar ist außerdem mit der Hydroxygruppe von D-aThr verestert. Die durch β-Ketoacylreste N-acylierte D-Cysteinsäure bildet den N-Terminus und ist über die Aminogruppe von D-aThr mit dem Octapeptidlacton verknüpft.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419841007
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040101
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The application of the finite-element method to meteorological simulations - a review (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Review ; Finite Elements ; Meteorology ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The application of the finite-element method to the simulation of meterological fluid flow problems is reviewed. Early studies were aimed primarily at demonstrating the viability of the method for one- and two-dimensional flows, whereas more recent studies have been aimed at demonstrating the efficiency and viability of the method for more complex three-dimensional simulations. There has also been a shift towards exploiting such models to better understand and predict the underlying meteorological phenomena, rather than restricting attention to the development of the algorithms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040102
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basic hydraulics, P. D. Smith, Butterworths, London, 1982. Price: £7.50 (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 105-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040108
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of the choice of the reference pressure location in numerical modelling of incompressible flow (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 147-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite Element ; Incompressible Flow ; Pressure-specification-point ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The discontinuity of a finite-element pressure field that is sometimes present in the neighbourhood of the pressure-specification-point is shown to arise either from round-off, or from mistakes in modelling. The implications of this are considered. In particular it restricts grid refinement near the pressure-specification-point. The analysis can be extended to finite-difference calculations, and to other fields governed by equations similar to Poisson's equation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040204
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A method for solving the factorized vorticity-stream function equations by finite elements (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 109-125 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite elements ; Navier-Stokes ; Vorticity-stream function ; Time-dependent ; flows ; Boundary conditions ; Incompressible viscous flows ; Two-dimensional flows ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A new finite element method for solving the time-dependent incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with general boundary conditions is presented. The two second-order partial differential equations for the vorticity and the stream function are factorized, apart from the non-linear advection term, by eliminating the coupling due to the double specification on the stream function at (a part of) the boundary. This is achieved by reducing the no-slip boundary conditions to projection integral conditions for the vorticity field and by evaluating the relevant quantities involved according to an extension of the method of Glowinski and Pironneau for the biharmonic problem. Time integration schemes and iterative algorithms are introduced which require the solution only of banded linear systems of symmetric type. The proposed finite element formulation is compared with its finite difference equivalent by means of a few numerical examples. The results obtained using 4-noded bilinear elements provide an illustration of the superiority of the finite element based spatial discretization.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040202
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  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040301
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  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulation of polymeric flows in the injection moulding processThis invited paper is an extended, and refereed version of one presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Finite Elements in Flow Problems held in Tokyo, Japan, 26-29 July 1982. (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 171-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Polymer Flows ; Non-Newtonian ; Moving Boundary ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Recent progress in the simulation of polymeric flows of two key problems in the injection moulding process, carried out by a team at Cornell University, is briefly described. For the filling of cooled thin cavities, the fluid is characterized by a power-law viscosity with exponential temperature dependence, and interaction between the transient thermal boundary-layer and the core flow in a domain with moving boundary is essential. The earlier procedure of Hieber and Shen is modified in two aspects: a boundary-integral formulation replaces the finite-element treatment of the pressure, and an ‘energy integral’ approach is used for the transient temperature. The second problem is the steady visco-elastic flow in the juncture region where sudden changes of the geometry and large strain rates occur. The constitutive equation is postulated according to the Leonov model. The main features in the numerical implementation are: integration along a streamline to determine the elastic deformation tensors for a given velocity field, and finite-element treatment (in time-dependent form) of the pressure and fields for given stresses. In an example where the contraction ratio is 7:1, results for nominal Deborah number exceeding 100 show no numerical instability. (However, for this problem, the true Weissenberg number, i.e. the ratio of local first-normal-stress difference to shear stress turns out to be generally O(10).) The predictions also correlate very well with experimental birefringence measurements.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040206
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  • 118
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the finite-element calculation of turbulent flow using the k-∊ model (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 303-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite Element ; Turbulent Flow ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Although the finite-element (FE) method has been successful in analysing complex laminar flows, a number of difficulties can arise when two-equation turbulence models (e.g. the k-∊ model) are incorporated. This work describes a particular FE discretization of the k-∊ model and reports its performance in recirculating flow. Severe problems encountered in attempts to obtain convergence of the numerical scheme are isolated and analysed, and methods by which the problems can be overcome are suggested.Insight gained in this work has enabled a practical turbulent flow FE code to be constructed which is robust and efficient. This code is the subject of a further paper.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040402
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    A practical method of two-equation turbulence modelling using finite elements (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 321-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Incorporation of the k-∊ turbulence model into Galerkin finite-element fluid-flow codes (which, unlike upwind finite-difference codes, have no artificial damping) can lead to severe iterative convergence difficulties. This paper introduces an alternative turbulence model (the q-f model) and an associated finite-element discretization method which are designed to overcome these problems. The new model forms the basis of a finite-element fluid-flow code which is robust and efficient. Furthermore, it is demonstrated on a practical example that the code can give good agreement with experiment on fairly coarse meshes.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040403
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    A Dorodnitsyn finite element formulation for laminar boundary layer flow (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 399-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Laminar Boundary Layers ; Finite Element Method ; Finite Difference Method ; Spectral Method Convergence ; Computational Efficiency ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The Dorodnitsyn boundary later formulation is given a finite element interpretation and found to generate very accurate and economical solutions when combined with an implicit, non-iterative marching scheme in the downstream direction. The algorithm is of order (Δ2u, Δx) whether linear or quadratic elements are used across the boundary layer. Solutions are compared with a Dorodnitsyn spectral formulation and a conventional finite difference formulation for three Falkner-Skan pressure gradient cases and the flow over a circular cylinder. With quadratic elements the Dorodnitsyn finite element formulation is approximately five times more efficient than the conventional finite difference formulation.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040502
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    Finite element solutions for laminar and turbulent compressible flow (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 421-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Laminar Flow ; Turbulent Flow ; Compressible Flow ; Separation ; Time-split Method ; Finite Element Method ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The time-split finite element method is extended to compute laminar and turbulent flows with and without separation. The examples considered are the flows past trailing edges of a flat plate and a backward-facing step. Eddy viscosity models are used to represent effects of turbulence. It is found that the time-split method produces results in agreement with previous experimental and computational results. The eddy viscosity models employed are found to give accurate predictions in all regions of flow except downstream of reattachment.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040503
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    Finite element simulation of dip coating, I: Newtonian fluids (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 441-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite Element Method ; Dip Coating ; Newtonian Fluid ; Free Surface ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A finite element simulation of the dip coating process based on a discretization of the continuum with discontinuous pressure elements is presented. The algorithm computes the flow field from natural boundary conditions while an extra condition provided by the existence of free surface is employed to displace the meniscus location towards the actual position. The process is iterative and uses a pseudo-time stepping technique coupled to a cubic spline fitting of the free surface. Numerical predictions exhibit good agreement with experimental data for Newtonian fluids in the case of flat plate dip coating as well as in the case of wire dip coating.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040504
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    Finite element simulation of dip coating, II: Non-Newtonian fluidsPresented in part at the 5th Canadian Symposium on Fluid Dynamics, Windsor (Ontario), Canada, 6-9 June, 1982. (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 459-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Augmented Lagrangian ; Finite Element Method ; Dip Coating ; Non-Newtonian Fluids ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We apply in this paper the augmented Lagrangian method to the study of various non-Newtonian fluid flow problems, and in particular the dip coating process. We only present in this second part the treatment specific to the non-linearities involved in the constitutive equations, the first part having largely been concerned with the general description of the approximation used.Two rheological models illustrating different rheological behaviours are used to simulate dip coating process: the Carreau-A model for shear-thinning properties of the viscosity and a truncated second-order model for a Newtonian behaviour in viscosity with elastic properties.Numerical predictions show a very good agreement with experimental data for the second-order model. The discrepancy observed in the other case can be explained qualitatively by the elastic properties exhibited by the shear-thinning fluids used: this elasticity is not taken into account in the Carreau-A model.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040505
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    Development of a computer program for the prediction of flow in a rotating cavity (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 667-683 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Rotating Flow ; Finite Differences ; Numerical Stability ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A computer program has been developed to predict laminar source-sink flow in a rotating cylindrical cavity. Although the program is based on a standard finite difference technique for recirculating flow, it incorporates two novel features. Step changes in grid size are employed to obtain sufficient resolution in the boundary layers and special treatment is given to the solution of the pressure correction equations, in the ‘SIMPLE’ algorithm, in order to improve the convergence properties of the method. Results are presented both for the flow in an infinite rotating cylindrical annulus and a finite rotating cylindrical cavity, with the inner cylindrical surface acting as a uniform source and the outer cylinder as a sink. These show good agreement with existing analytical solutions and illustrate some of the problems associated with the computation of rapidly rotating flows.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040706
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  • 125
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    On a family of Stokes flows (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 685-699 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Stokes Flows ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A family of simple Stokes flows involving sliding surfaces adjacent to surfaces at rest is considered. Principally, two specific flow configurations are investigated: (i) that arising when parts of the boundary of an infinitely long circular cylinder are rotating about the axis while other parts of the boundary are at rest, and (ii) the flow produced when a cap of a sphere is held at rest while the remainder of the sphere rotates about the symmetry axis. In each case computer plots of streamlines or constant velocity lines are presented to give a general impression of the resulting flow pattern.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040707
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    Conference diary (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 708-708 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040709
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    Announcements (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 709-709 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040710
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    On the interactions of surface waves with immersed structures (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 765-780 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Diffraction ; Hydrodynamics ; Ocean Engineering ; Underwater Structures ; Wave Forces ; Offshore Structures ; Velocity Potential ; Boundary Elements ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The fluid forces resulting from wave interaction with large submerged structures may be calculated using numerical procedures based on the solution of the associated boundary-value problem. In this paper, the analysis of wave interaction with a fixed submerged object of arbitrary cross-section and infinite length using a two-dimensional boundary value formation based on linear diffraction theory is summarized. Subsequently, the application of the boundary element method to obtain a solution is presented. The numerical considerations are emphasized with particular reference to computational efficiency.Numerical results are presented in the form of dimensionless wave force plots for various structural shapes. In the case of a bottom-seated half cylinder, for which there exists a closed-form solution, comparisons are made between results generated using both boundary element and equivalent finite element approaches. In the case of a submerged cylinder, comparisons are made between boundary element derived values and experimental results. The boundary element results compare well with both the closed-form solution and the experimental values.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040805
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    Masthead (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040901
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    Two-step explicit finite element method for two-layer flow analysis (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 931-947 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Two-layer Flow ; Two-step Scheme ; Selective Lumping Method ; Ishikari Bay ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A finite element method for the analysis of two-layer density flows is presented in this paper. The standard Galerkin method based on linear interpolation functions is used to yield discrete spatial variables. For numerical integration in time, an explicit two-step selective lumping method is used. Here it is applied to a flow analysis of Ishikari Bay, at the mouth of Ishikari River. This case demonstrates a procedure that yields a numerically stable solution.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650041004
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    A mixed algorithm for the calculation of rapidly varying fluid flows: The impulsively started circular cylinder (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 949-969 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Navier-Stokes ; Discrete Fourier Transform ; Finite Difference ; Short Convolutions ; No-slip Boundary Condition ; Far Field Condition ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A mixed discrete Fourier transform-Finite difference algorithm is developed and used for the calculation of rapidly changing viscous fluid flows past a circular cylinder. The numerical approach has been designed to overcome certain difficulties arising for high Reynolds number simulations. The foremost advantage of the technique lies in its fast calculations of the convolution sums portraying the convective terms of the governing equations. Third-order spatial discretizations and fourth-order time marching are implemented.New schemes are proposed for the boundary conditions at the solid wall and at large distances. The techniques are tested on a case study with other schemes (summarized by Roache1) in order to obtain an optimal choice. Definite indications on the stability and accuracy of boundary condition schemes are achieved. Support for the statement of dominant importance of boundary conditions is also given.A comparison of computational results with experimental data is presented for the case study of the flow past an impulsively started cylinder at Reynolds number 20.The time development of the symmetrical zone of recirculation, which is formed at an early stage of the flow, has been studied for 300 ≤ Re ≤ 9500 by means of the proposed algorithm. Computational results, comparisons with experimental data2 and discussion of upper limits of validity of the procedure will be presented in a companion paper.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650041005
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    Announcements (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 997-998 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650041008
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    Conference diary (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 999-999 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650041009
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    Stability of flow over a rotating disk (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 989-996 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Galerkin ; Spline ; Stability ; Disk ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The perturbation equations which characterize the stability of flow over a rotating infinite disk are derived via strict order of magnitude analysis. These equations contain viscous terms not considered by Stuart,1 curvature and Coriolis terms not considered by Brown,2 and axial velocity terms not considered by Kobayashi et al.3 The strategy for reducing the problem to an algebraic system is Galerkin's method with B-spline discretization. In comparison with the Poiseuille flow solutions of Orszag,4 the method is shown to perform well without placing undue demands on computing capability. Critical values of Reynolds number, wave length, vortex orientation and number of spiral vortices calculated by the present method compare favourably with experimental data of Kobayashi et al.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650041007
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    Pressure method for the numerical solution of transient, compressible fluid flows (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 1001-1012 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Compressible Fluid Flow ; Numerical Analysis ; Pressure Method ; von Kármán Vortex Street ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper the pressure method for incompressible fluid flow simulation is extended and applied to the numerical simulation of compressible fluid flow. The governing equations, obtained from the physical principles of conservation of momentum, mass and energy, are first studied from a characteristic point of view. Then they are discretized with a semi-implicit finite difference technique in such a fashion that stability is achieved independently of the speed of sound. The resulting algorithm is fast, accurate and particularly efficient in subsonic flow calculations. As an example, the computer simulation of the von Kármán vortex street is described and discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650041102
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    Simulation of transient gas flows in networks (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 13-24 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Gas Networks ; Computational Methods ; Simulation Optimization ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A technique is presented for calculating the transient flow in high pressure transportation systems where both simple systems (without compressors) and systems with compressors have been taken into consideration. A partial differential equation characterizing the dynamic gas flow through a pipeline and a numerical scheme for its solution are considered. A method of computing node pressures is also characterized.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040103
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    Announcements (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 106-108 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040110
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    Masthead (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040201
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    A finite-element study of the bénard problem using parameter-stepping and bifurcation search (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 127-145 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite Element ; Bénard Connection ; Bifurcation ; Continuation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The problem of fluid motion in a cavity with rigid sidewalls that is heated uniformly from below is studied by the finite-element method. The techniques of parameter-stepping and monitoring the determinant of the Jacobian matrix to find bifurcations are used. Results are presented for width-to-height ratios in the range 1 to 4, and for three different boundary conditions on the horizontal surfaces, namely both rigid, both free, and rigid bottom with free top. The non-linear branches above the critical Rayleigh number are examined. Extensions to non-Boussinesq flow are trivial.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040203
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    Comment on ‘modification of the SMAC method in two dimensions’There is a sign difference which is most probably a typing mistake in Reference 1. (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 203-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Incompressible Fluid Flows ; Cavity ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040208
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    Fundamental solutions and numerical methods for flow problemsThis invited paper is an extended, and refereed version of one presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Finite Elements in Flow Problems held in Tokyo, Japan, 26-29 July 1982. (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 185-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Potential Flows ; Navier-Stokes Problems ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: An approach for the numerical solution of flow problems based on the concept of fundamental solutions of differential equations is described. This approach uses the finite element methodology but does not rely on the concept of variational principle or that of residuals. The approach is shown to be well-suited for many types of flow problems. Various applications of this approach are discussed in this paper, with particular emphasis placed on the solution of potential flows and viscous flows containing appreciable regions of separation.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040207
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    A finite element method to solve the Navier-Stokes equations using the method of characteristics (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 247-269 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite Elements ; Navier-Stokes ; Driven Cavity ; Flow Past a Cylinder ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We present a simple and efficient finite element method to solve the Navier-Stokes equations in primitive variables V, p. It uses (a) an explicit advection step, by upwind differencing. Improvement with regard to the classical upwind differencing scheme of the first order is realized by accurate calculation of the characteristic curve across several elements, and higher order interpolation; (b) an implicit diffusion step, avoiding any theoretical limitation on the time increment, and (c) determination of the pressure field by solving the Poisson equation. Two laminar flow calculations are presented and compared to available numerical and experimental results.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040304
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    A collocation method for convection dominated flows (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 271-281 
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    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Collocation ; Moving Mesh ; Advection-Diffusion ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A collocation method based on multiple regions with moving boundaries placed in a flow field in which convection effects dominate, is proposed. By making the moving boundaries of the regions coincide with moving sharp fronts present in the solution of convection dominated problems, and thereby allowing higher concentration of meshes to be placed about the fronts, the proposed method is able to achieve very high accuracy. By having a moving mesh, the Peclet number characterizing the flow field depends upon velocity relative to a moving mesh in a region. Consequently by choosing proper velocities of the moving boundaries, the value of this Peclet number can be made as small as desired. The traditional collocation method based on centred discretization, when applied to each region in the field, produces oscillation free solutions even when the values of Peclet number based on absolute velocity are extremely large. In view of these characteristics the method appears to be an excellent candidate for the solution of any two-phase flow problem containing sharp fronts.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040305
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    Masthead (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040401
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  • 145
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    A natural interpolation formula for Prandtl's singular integrodifferential equation (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 283-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Prandtl's Equation ; Singular Integrodifferential Equations ; Quadrature Method ; Natural Interpolation Formula ; Principal Value Integrals ; Gauss- and Lobatto-Chebyshev Quadrature Rules ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Prandtl's singular integrodifferential equation and related equations appear in problems of aerofoil and propeller theory in fluid mechanics. Here a natural interpolation formula for the approximation to the unknwon function of Prandtl's equation when this is solved numerically by the direct quadrature method, based on the Gauss- and Lobatto-Chebyshev quadrature rules, is proposed. This interpolation formula is analogous to Nyström's natural interpolation formula for Fredholm integral equations of the second kind and the corresponding formula for singular integral equations. Numerical applications of the same formula are also made.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040306
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  • 146
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    Finite element method for unsteady MHD flow through pipes with arbitrary wall conductivity (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 291-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite Elements ; MHD Flows ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A finite element method is given to obtain the numerical solution of the coupled equations in velocity and magnetic field for unsteady MHD flow through a pipe having arbitrarily conducting walls. Pipes of rectangular, circular and triangular sections have been taken for illustration. Computations have been carried out for different Hartmann numbers and wall conductivity at various time levels. It is found that if the wall conductivity increases, the flux through a section decreases. The same is the effect of increasing the Hartmann number. It is also observed that the steady state is approached at a faster rate for larger Hartmann numbers or larger wall conductivity. Selected graphs are given showing the behaviour of velocity, induced magnetic field and flux across a section.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040307
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    Conference diary (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 497-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040507
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  • 148
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    Masthead (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040601
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  • 149
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    On some optimization procedures for shock localization (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 477-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Gas Dynamics ; Finite Difference Schemes ; Shock Localization ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We consider a problem on shock wave localization in the numerical solution of one-dimensional unsteady problems of gas dynamics in Eulerian variables obtained on the basis of finite difference shock-capturing schemes. An optimization method for strong discontinuity localization proposed previously by Miranker and Pironneau is investigated by means of methods of classical variational calculus. This method may be difficult to implement when the entropy condition is included in the formulation of Miranker and Pironneau's optimization problem as an active constraint. In this connection we suggest an alternative optimization problem using artificial viscosity in the variational principle. It is shown theoretically that the application of such a variational principle yields a trajectory which coincides with the true discontinuity trajectory in the case of a shock wave moving at a constant speed. On the basis of this modification one more algorithm is proposed which reduces the shock localization problem to a problem of minimization of a univariate function. Numerical tests corroborate completely the theoretical conclusions. In particular, a higher shock localization accuracy is obtained on the basis of the proposed algorithms as compared to the original Miranker-Pironneau method.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040506
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  • 150
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    Obituary (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040602
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  • 151
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    Conference diary (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040603
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  • 152
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    Numerical computations of critical flow over a weir (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 499-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Critical Flow Rate ; Finite Elements ; Free Surface ; Weir ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Computing critical flows in hydraulics involves three problems in one: the internal flow problem, the location of the free surface and the determination of the critical flow rate. The subject can involve such difficulties as non-uniqueness, non-existence, ill-conditioning and catastrophes.This paper discusses the difficulties relating to computing critical flows over weirs. A new rapidly convergent method of determining the critical flow rate is presented and various results are shown using it with finite element discretization and with a new streamline shifting method. Numerical results are in good agreement with published data, both numerical and experimental.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040604
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  • 153
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    Spline collocation approach to boundary value problems (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 511-517 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Approximation ; Cubic Splines ; Orthogonal Collocation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A well-known Stokes problem is discussed by a cubic spline collocation method. Two consecutive cubic splines are obtained for the problem. The results by this method are compared with those of an orthogonal collocation method. The selection of the length of the subintervals of the range of the boundary value problem is also justified. The results obtained by these two methods are compared with the analytic solution. The methods involve simple algebra, and hence the calculations do not require the help of a computer. Necessary error analysis has been carried out.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040605
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  • 154
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    A method for computing three dimensional flows using non-orthogonal boundary-fitted co-ordinates (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 519-537 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Boundary-Fitted Co-ordinates ; Incompressible Flow ; 2D and 3D ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: For three-dimensional fluid flows in complex geometries, it is convenient to make predictions using a non-orthogonal boundary-fitted mesh. The present paper describes an economical method of solving the equations of motion for two and three dimensional problems using such meshes. The locations on the mesh at which the depenent variables are calculated, and the methods used to solve the equations, are key issues in the development of a successful algorithm; these are discussed in the present paper. Results obtained when the proposed method is applied to several problems are also described. The method is intended for flows in which compressibility effects do not dominate.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040606
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  • 155
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    Masthead (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040801
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  • 156
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    Report of the NASECODE III conference. (Communicated by J. J. H. Miller of the Numerical Analysis Group, Dublin) (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 710-710 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040711
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  • 157
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    Numerical predictions of flows over backward-facing steps (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 711-724 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite-Volume Method ; Numerical Diffusion ; Upstream Weighted Differencing ; Skew Upstream Differencing ; Turbulent Recirculating Flow ; Turbulence Model ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Predictions are reported for two-dimensional, steady, incompressible flows over rearward-facing steps for both laminar and turbulent conditions. The standard k-∊ turbulence model was used for the turbulent flow. Attention was focused on obtaining accurate solutions to the differential equations. It is concluded that some of the serious discrepancies that have occurred between prediction and observation, and attributed in earlier studies to the inadequacy of the turbulence model, may have been due to the inaccuracy of the solution.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040802
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  • 158
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    Some explicit triangular finite element schemes for the Euler equations (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 749-764 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Hyperbolic Conservation Equation ; Finite Elements ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Several explicit schemes are presented for triangular P0 and P1 finite elements. A first-order accurate upwind P0 scheme is compared to a FLIC type method. A second-order accurate Richtmyer scheme is constructed. Applications are given for the Euler system of conservation laws in the 2-dimensional case.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040804
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  • 159
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    Techniques of ray averaging (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 725-747 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Ray Methods ; Water Waves ; Refraction ; Diffraction ; Coasts ; Harbours ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Ray methods are used in coastal and harbour wave disturbance investigations where the area to be modelled is large compared to the wavelength. The interpretation of forward-plotted ray diagrams, once obtained, has always been a difficult problem. The technique described in this paper calculates wave amplitudes during the ray plotting process and requires only minor modifications to existing ray plotting programs. The idea is to superimpose a grid of square elements over the entire sea area under study, and to perform a spatial averaging of the rays crossing each square element. This ‘square-averaging’ technique has a number of advantages. It smooths the rapid amplitude variations near caustics, calculates the interference of several wave trains, and generates amplitudes automatically in a square array covering the whole studied sea area. Two types of sensitivity tests are carried out. These tests are designed to determine the accuracy of the predicted wave amplitudes with respect to: (1) the square size per wavelength, and (2) the ray density. These two factors largely determine the computing storage, time and cost of a ray model. An upper limit on the square size per wavelength and a lower limit on the ray density are obtained.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040803
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  • 160
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    Conference diary (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 801-801 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040807
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  • 161
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    Announcements (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 802-802 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040808
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  • 162
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    Stream function finite element solution of Stokes flow with penalties (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 1013-1025 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Stream Function ; Viscous Flow ; Non-conforming Elements ; Interface Penalties ; Reduced Integration ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A finite element method for solution of the stream function formulation of Stokes flow is developed. The method involves complete cubic non-conforming (C0) triangular Hermite elements. This element fails the patch test. To correct the element and produce a convergent method we employ a penalty method to weakly enforce the desired continuity constraint on the normal derivative across the inter-element boundaries. Successful use of the method is demonstrated to require reduced integration of the inter-element penalty with a 1-point Gauss rule. Error estimates relate the optimal choice of penalty parameter to mesh size and are corroborated by numerical convergence studies. The need for reduced integration is interpreted using rank relations for an associated hybrid method.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650041103
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  • 163
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    Announcements (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 1097-1098 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650041108
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    On the consistency of four different control surfaces used for finite area blade-to-blade flow calculations (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 1083-1095 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Turbomachines ; Finite Volume ; Consistency ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The aim of this contribution is to investigate the consistency and order of accuracy of different control surfaces used for finite area blade-to-blade flow calculations. The following cases will be treated: a hexagonal element, a trapezoidal element, a bitrapezoidal element and a quadrilateral element. Finally, the consistency conditions will be discussed and compared with respect to a cascade flow application.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650041107
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  • 165
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    Conference diary (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 1099-1099 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650041109
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    Masthead (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650041201
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    Finite element solution of the shallow water equations by a quasi-direct decomposition procedure (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 1117-1136 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We describe in this paper some new methods for solving the shallow water flow problem; this problem is composed of two coupled non-linear equations. First a fractional step method is used to decouple the difficulties due to the convection and the propagation. The diffusion propagation step amounts to solving two coupled linear equations on the water depth and the fluxes. We used then some quasi-direct decomposition techniques to decouple the unknowns, leading to symmetric systems only. In addition some non-trivial boundary conditions on the flux are examined. Particularly we are interested to get decoupled systems on the two components of the flux. Numerical tests are presented to enlighten the behaviour and the capabilities of the method. Finally an industrial example is treated on the Dunkirk harbour.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650041203
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  • 168
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    Efficient ADI and spline ADI methods for the steady-state Navier-Stokes equations (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 1101-1115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Numerical Solution ; Navier-Stokes Equations ; 2-D Steady, Laminar Flows ; ADI Method ; Spline Interpolating Polynomials ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The present paper provides an improved alternating direction implicit (ADI) technique as well as high-order-accurate spline ADI method for the numerical solution of steady two-dimensional incompressible viscous flow problems. The vorticity-stream function Navier-Stokes equations are considered in a general curvilinear coordinate system, which maps an arbitrary two-dimensional flow domain in the physical plane into a rectangle in the computational plane. The stream function equation is parabolized in time by means of a relaxation-like time derivative and the steady state solution is obtained by a time-marching ADI method requiring to solve only 2 × 2 block-tridiagonal linear systems. The difference equations are written in incremental form; upwind differences are used for the incremental variables, for stability, whereas central differences approximate the non-incremental terms, for accuracy, so that, at convergence, the solution is free of numerical viscosity and second-order accurate. The high-order-accurate spline ADI technique proceeds in the same manner; in addition, at the end of each two-sweep ADI cycle, the solution is corrected by means of a fifth-order spline interpolating polynomial along each row and column of the computational grid, explicitly. The validity and the efficiency of the present methods are demonstrated by means of three test problems.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650041202
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    A Kantorovich computational method for free surface gravity flows (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 1137-1148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Free Surface Flows ; Computation ; Kantorovich Method ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Computing free surface gravity flows involves basically two coupled problems, namely, the location of the free surface position and the determination of the internal flow field (for assumed values H0 and Q of the total head and discharge, respectively).Solution techniques are invariably based on iterative procedures, but those that iterate between the two coupled problems may become unstable.In this paper we present a computational method in which the coupling is kept throughout the process of iteration. This is achieved by converting the coupled problems (by means of the Kantorovich method) into the single problem of finding a set of streamlines, including that of the free surface. These streamlines are moved (iteratively) to satisfy the stationary conditions of the governing variational principle.The algorithm is very stable and converges rapidly. It is also easy to implement to solve various types of steady flows with a free surface under gravity.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650041204
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    Pressure and time treatment for Chebyshev spectral solution of a Stokes problem (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 1149-1163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Stokes Problem ; Chebyshev Approximation ; Spectral Method ; Penalty Formulation ; Splitting Scheme ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: To investigate the influences of time scheme, pressure treatment and initial conditions in incompressible fluid dynamics, a Stokes problem is solved numerically on a slab geometry within the framework of spectral approximation in space. Four algorithms are examined: splitting schemes, influence matrix method, penalty formulation and pseudo-spectral space-time technique. It is shown that splitting schemes are less accurate than the other processes. Furthermore, the initial field should respect a compatibility condition to avoid singularities at the initial time. If it is not possible to build such a compatible field, the numerical procedure has to present good damping properties at the first steps of the time integration.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650041205
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  • 171
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    Conference diary (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 1186-1187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650041208
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  • 172
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    Announcements (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 1185-1185 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650041207
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  • 173
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    Buoyancy effects on turbulent swirling flows (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 1165-1184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Turbulence ; Buoyancy ; Swirl ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A three-parameter model of turbulence applicable to free boundary layers has been developed and applied for the prediction of axisymmetric turbulent swirling flows in uniform and stagnant surroundings under the action of buoyancy forces. The turbulent momentum and heat fluxes appearing in the time-averaged equations for the mean motion have been determined from algebraic expressions, derived by neglecting the convection and diffusion terms in the differential transport equations for these quantities, which relate the turbulent fluxes to the kinetic energy of turbulence, k, the dissipation length scale of turbulence, L, and the temperature covariance, T′2. Differential transport equations have been used to determine these latter quantities. The governing equations have been solved using fully implicit finite difference schemes. The turbulence model is capable of reproducing the gross features of pure jet flows, buoyant flows and swirling flows for weak and moderate swirl.The behaviour of a turbulent buoyant swirling jet has been found to depend solely on exit swirl and Froude numbers. The predicted results indicate that the incorporation of buoyancy can cause significant changes in the behaviour of a swirling jet, particularly when the buoyancy strength is high. The jet exhibits similarity behaviour in the initial region for weak swirl and weak buoyancy strengths only, and the asymptotic case of a swirling jet under the action of buoyancy forces is a pure plume in the far field. The predicted results have been found to be in satisfactory agreement with the available experimental data and in good qualitative agreement with other predicted results.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650041206
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  • 174
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    Mehrstufige reversible Redoxsysteme, XXXIV. Polyene als vierstufige Redoxsysteme: Synthese und Spektroskopie (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 340-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Multistep Reversible Redox Systems, XXXIV.  -  Polyenes as Four-Step Redox Systems: Synthesis and SpectroscopyThe synthesis of the pentaenes 2.0-4.0 and of the polyenes 2.1-2.4 is described. All alkenes carry rigid, cross-conjugated end groups. The Dienone 6, the polyene aldehydes 18 and 19 as well as the phosphorous ylid 22 serve as crucial intermediates. 1H NMR and UV/VIS spectra of all polyenes are discussed.
    Notes: Es wird die Synthese der Pentaene 2.0-4.0 sowie der Polyene 2.1-2.4 beschrieben. Alle Alkene verfügen über starre, gekreuzt konjugierte Endgruppen. Wichtige Zwischenstufen sind das Dienon 6, die Polyenaldehyde 18 und 19 sowie das Phosphorylid 22. Die 1H-NMR- und UV/VIS-Spektren aller Polyene werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840215
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  • 175
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    Biologisch aktive Glycoside aus Asteroidea, VII. Steroid-Oligoglycoside aus dem Seestern Luidia maculata Müller et Troschel, 2 Die Strukturen von zwei neuen Oligoglycosidsulfaten (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 296-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Biologically Active Glycosides from Asteroidea, VII.  -  Steroid Oligoglycosides from the Starfish Luidia maculata Müller et Troschel, 2.  -  The Structures of Two New Oligoglycoside SulfatesFrom the water extract of the whole bodies of Luidia maculata Müller et Troschel two further oligoglycoside sulfates could be isolated after separations on Amberlite XAD-2, droplet counter current chromatography, and column chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and RP-8. The structures of these two glycosides were elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic means to be the monosodium salt of 6α-[(O-β-D-fucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-O-β-D-quinovopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-O-[β-D-quinovopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-O-β-D-quinovopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-3β-(sulfooxy)-5α-cholesta-9(11),24-dien-23-one (1) and the monosodium salt of 6α-[(O-β-D-fucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-O-β-D-quinovopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-O-[β-D-quinovopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-O-β-D-quinovopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-3β-(sulfooxy)-5α-cholest-9(11)-en-23-one (2).
    Notes: Aus dem wäßrigen Extrakt der ganzen Seesterne Luidia maculata Müller et Troschel konnten nach Trennungen an Amberlite XAD-2, “Droplet-counter-current”-Chromatographie, sowie Chromatographie an Kieselgel, Sephadex LH-20 und RP-8 zwei weitere Oligoglycosidsulfate isoliert werden, deren Strukturen mittels chemischer und spektroskopischer Methoden als Mononatriumsalz von 6α-[(O-β-D-Fucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-O-β-D-chinovopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-O-[β-D-chinovopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-O-β-D-chinovopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxyl]-3β-(sulfooxy)-5α-cholesta-9(11), 24-dien-23-on (1) und als Mononatriumsalz von 6α-[(O-β-D-Fucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-O-β-D-chinovopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-O-[β-D-chinovopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-O-β-D-chinovopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-3β-(sulfooxy)-5α-cholest-9(11)-en-23-on (2) ermittelt wurden.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840212
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  • 176
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    Borkomplexe von Malonsäureamiden und Malonsäureamidinen (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 370-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Boron Complexes of Malonamides and MalonamidinesN,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylmalonamide (4) reacts with triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate in boiling tetrachloroethane or with diethyl ether  -  boron trifluoride at room temperature to form the tetrafluoroborate 6a which was deprotonated with triethylamine to give 4,6-bis(dimethylamino)-2,2-difluoro-3-oxa-1-oxonia-2-borata-4,6-cyclohexadiene (7). With 4 and boron trichloride in CCl4 the neutral complex 9 is obtained, in CH2Cl2 the chelate complex 10. Similar to diethyl ether  -  boron trifluoride (2-aminoethoxy)diphenylborane (12) and triethylborane (15) condense with 4 to yield the salts 13 and 17, respectively, and the neutral complexes 14 and 16, respectively. N,N,N″,N″- Tetramethylmalonamidine (20) reacts with triethylborane (21a), ethoxydiphenylborane (21b) and trimethoxyborane (21c) to give the neutral complexes 22a-c which partly can be protonated with HBF4 to form the salts 23a, b.
    Notes: N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylmalonsäurediamid (4) bildet mit Triethyloxonium-tetrafluoroborat in siedendem Tetrachlorethan oder mit Diethylether  -  Bortrifluorid bei Raumtemperatur das Tetrafluoroborat 6a, das sich mit Triethylamin zum 4,6-Bis(dimethylamino)-2,2-difluor-3-oxa-1-oxonia-2-borata-4,6-cyclohexadien (7) deprotonieren läßt. Bortrichlorid liefert mit 4 in CCl4 den Neutralkomplex 9, in CH2Cl2 den Chelatkomplex 10. Ähnlich wie Diethylether  -  Bortrifluorid kondensieren auch (2-Aminoethoxy)diphenylboran (12) und Triethylboran (15) mit 4 zu den Salzen 13 bzw. 17 und zu den Neutralkomplexen 14 bzw. 16. N,N,N″N″-Tetramethylmalonamidin (20) bildet mit Triethylboran (21a), Ethoxydiphenylboran (21b) und Trimethoxyboran (21c) die Neutralkomplexe 22a-c, die sich mit HBF4 teilweise zu den Salzen 23a,b protonieren lassen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840217
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  • 177
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    Masthead (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840401
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  • 178
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    Synthesis of Deoxyoligonucleotide Linker Fragments for Genetic Engineering Using Improved Preparative and Analytical Techniques (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 835-853 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthese von Desoxyoligonucleotid-Fragmenten zur Anwendung in der Genverknüpfung unter Einsatz verbesserter präparativer und analytischer MethodenZur Untersuchung der Expression rekombinanter DNS haben wir Oligonucleotide als Genverknüpfungsfragmente dargestellt, die spezifische Spaltstellen sowohl in die DNA wie in das zugehörige Protein einführen. Ihr Aufbau ist so, daß die Spaltung eines Fusionsproteins entweder durch Bromcyan oder durch Kollagenase erfolgen kann. Die Synthese wurde nach dem Triesterschema durchgeführt, wobei schnellere und einfachere Wege zu funktionalisierten Dinucleotid-Baueinheiten entwickelt wurden. Die Felddesorptions-Massenspektrometrie diente als Routine-methode für den Strukturbeweis und die Reinheitskontrolle dieser Baueinheiten.
    Notes: For studies on the expression of recombinant DNA, linker fragments have been prepared which serve to introduce specific points of cleavage on the DNA as well as the protein level. Such linkers were designed for cyanogen bromide as well as for collagenase cleavage of fused proteins. The preparation was done according to the triester synthesis scheme using improved and simpler routes to functionalized dinucleotide building blocks. Field desorption mass spectrometry was used as a routine tool for the identification and control of the purity of these units.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840502
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  • 179
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    Iturin AL: Struktur und Derivate eines Peptidolipids mit hohem C16-Iturinsäurenanteil (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 854-866 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Iturin AL: Structure and Derivatives of a Peptidolipid with a High Content of C16-Iturinic AcidsBacillus subtilis A 114 produces the peptidolipid iturin AL with high antifungal activity. Iturin AL is a difficultly separable mixture due to homologous β-amino fatty acid (iturinic acid) units, which differs from other iturins by its high content of C16-acids. The octapeptide ring of iturin AL has the following iturinic acid composition: 3-amino-12-methyltridecanoic acid (3%), 3-aminotetradecanoic acid (31%), 3-amino-13-methyltetradecanoic acid (15%), 3-amino-12-methyltetradecanoic acid (9%), 3-amino-14-methylpentadecanoic acid (35%), and 3-aminohexadecanoic acid (5%). The D-tyrosine ring of the antibiotic was acetylated, methylated, iodinated, nitrated, and aminated. Each derivative was chromatographed and characterized by spectroscopy.
    Notes: Bacillus subtilis A 114 produziert das Peptidolipid Iturin AL (1) mit hoher antifungischer Aktivität. Iturin AL ist ein schwierig zu trennendes Gemisch aufgrund homologer β-Aminofettsäure-(Iturinsäure-)Bausteine, wobei im Gegensatz zu anderen Iturinen ein ungewöhnlich hoher Anteil an C16-Säuren auftritt. Der Octapeptidring von Iturin AL hat folgende Iturinsäurenzusammensetzung: 3-Amino-12-methyltridecansäure (3%), 3-Aminotetradecansäure (31%), 3-Amino-13-methyltetradecansäure (15%), 3-Amino-12-methyltetradecansäure (9%), 3-Amino-14-methylpentadecansäure (35%) und 3-Aminohexadecansäure (5%). Der D-Tyrosinring des Antibiotikums wurde acetyliert, methyliert, iodiert, nitriert und aminiert. Jedes Derivat wurde chromatographiert und spektroskopisch charakterisiert.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840503
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  • 180
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    Lactonic Constituents of Angelica glauca (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 888-893 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Inhaltsstoffe mit Lactonstruktur aus Angelica glaucaDie Struktur eines zweiten neuen Lacton-Dimeren, des Angelicolids (4), das aus den Wurzeln von Angelica glauca Edgew. isoliert wurde, ist mit spektroskopischen Methoden und durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse aufgeklärt worden. Angelicolid erwies sich als symmetrisches Dimeres des Butylidenphthalids 1 (E-Ligustilid).
    Notes: The structure of a second new dimeric lactone, angelicolide (4), isolated from the roots of Angelica glauca Edgew., has been assigned by spectroscopy and X-ray analysis. Angelicolide has been found to be a symmetric dimer of the butylidenephthalide 1 (E-ligustilide).
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840506
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  • 181
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    Chemie reaktiver Kationen von Schwefeldioxidanalogen, IX. Umsetzung mit aliphatischen Carbodiimiden (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 900-903 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chemistry of Reactive Cations Derived from Sulfur Dioxide Analogues, IX. - Reactions with Aliphatic CarbodiimidesN-Methyl-N-sulfinylmethanaminium-tetrafluoroborat (2) yields with aliphatic carbodiimides (1) 1,2,4-thiadiazetium salts (3).
    Notes: N-Methyl-N-sulfinylmethanaminium-tetrafluoroborat (2) reagiert mit aliphatischen Carbodiimiden (1) zu 1,2,4-Thiadiazetiumsalzen (3).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840508
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  • 182
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    Heterocyclen aus α-Nitroolefinen, VII. 4,5-Dihydro-2-methyl-5-methylenamino-3-furancarbonsäureester aus α-Nitroolefinen, Acetessigestern und Verbindungen mit aktiver Methylengruppe (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 911-919 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Heterocycles from α-Nitroolefins, VII. - 4,5-Dihydro-2-Methyl-5-methyleneamino-3-furancarboxylates from α-Nitroolefins, Acetoacetates, and Compounds with an Active methylene Group4,5-Dihydro-2-methyl-5-methyleneamino-3-furancarboxylates 5 are prepared by three preparative methods from α-nitroolefins 1, acetoacetates 2, and compounds with an active methylene group 4. - For 1H NMR investigations which prove the homoallylic system of the 4,5-dihydro-2-methyl-3-furancarboxylates 5 the two 4,5-dihydro-2-methyl-5-methyleneamino-4-([D5]phenyl)-[4-D]-3-furancarboxylates [D6]5e and [D6]5f have been synthesized.
    Notes: 4,5-Dihydro-2-methyl-5-methylenamino-3-furancarbonsäureester 5 werden nach drei präparativen Verfahren aus α-Nitroolefinen 1, Acetessigestern 2 und Verbindungen mit aktiver Methylengruppe 4 hergestellt. - Für 1H-NMR-Untersuchungen, die das Homoallylsystem der 4,5-Dihydro-2-methyl-3-furancarbonsäureester 5 beweisen, werden die zwei 4,5-Dihydro-2-methyl-5-methylenamino-4-[D5]phenyl)[4-D]-3-furancarbonsäureester [D66]5e und [D6]5f synthetisiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840510
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  • 183
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    Dehydrierungsreaktionen mit Gallussäureestern (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 929-938 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Dehydration Reactions with Gallic Acid EstersGallic acid methyl ester (1) is oxidized by horseradish peroxidase giving the benzotropolone compound 3 and dimethyl 3,3′,4,4′,5,5′-hexahydroxy-2,2′-diphenate (2) which easily forms ellagic acid (4). By the analgous reaction with the gallic acid esters of ethanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, trans-1,2-cyclohexanediol, 3,6-digalloylglucose, and pentagalloylglucose only 4 is formed. Oxidation of 1 by air in alkaline medium yields 4 and the 1-benzofuran derivative 9. If 9 is treated with alkali the furan ring is opened to give an intermediate from which the acconitic acid derivative 11 or the naphthalene system 12 or the benzoxepine compound 14 are obtained. By oxidation of 1 with iron(III) chloride the furan 15 is obtained.
    Notes: Gallussäure-methylester (1) liefert mit Meerrettich-Peroxidase den 3,3′,4,4′,5,5′-Hexahydroxy-2,2′-diphensäure-dimethylester (2), der leicht in Ellagsäure (4) übergeht, sowie Purpurogallin-4-carbonsäure-methylester (3). Die analoge Reaktion mit den Digalloylestern von Ethandiol, 1,3-Propandiol, 1,4-Butandiol, trans-1,2-Cyclohexandiol, 3,6-Digalloylglucose und Pentagalloylglucose führt nicht zu den Diphensäurederivaten, sondern nur zu 4. Luftoxidation von 1 in alkalischem Milieu führt teils zu 4, zum anderen Teil zum 1-Benzofuranderivat 9, dessen bemerkenswerte Reaktionen beschrieben werden. Unter Einwirkung von Alkali wird zunächst der Furanring geöffnet, und von hier aus gelangt man zum Acconitsäurederivat 11, zum Naphthalinsystem 12 oder zur Benzoxepinverbindung 14. Mit Eisen(III)-chlorid als Oxidationsmittel wird aus 1 Ellagsäure (4) und das Furanderivat 15 erhalten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840512
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  • 184
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    Synthesen und absolute Konfigurationen von (+)-(6R,2′S)-Cryptocaryalacton und (-)-(6S,2′S)-Epicryptocaryalacton (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 977-981 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Syntheses und absolute Configurations of (+)-(6R,2′S)-Cryptocaryalactone and (-)-(6S,2′S)-EpicryptocaryalatoneThe naturally occurring (+)-cryptocaryalactone [(+)-4] and the (-)-epicryptocaryalactone [(-)-5] have been synthesized starting from the optically active aldehyde. 1. The absolute configuraitons of these unsaturated lactones were determined by circular dichroism measurements.
    Notes: Das natürliche (+)-Cryptocaryalacton [(+)-4] und das (-)-Epicryptocaryalation [(-)-5] wurden, ausgehend von optisch aktivem Aldehyd 1, synthetisiert. Die absoluten Konfigurationen dieser ungesättigten Lactone wurden mit Hilfe des Circulardichroismus bestimmt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840515
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    Reactions of Glutaconic and Homophthalic Anhydrides with Imidates, Imidoyl Chlorides, and 1-Chloroisoquinoline (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 389-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reaktionen von Glutacon- und Homophthalsäureanhydriden mit Imidoestern, Imidoylchloriden und 1-ChlorisochinolinGlutaconsäureanhydrid (9) reagiert mit N-substituierten Benzimidoylchloriden 3 zu den entsprechenden (Z)-3-[(Amino)(phenyl)methylen]pyrandionen 12 und mit 1-Chlorisochinolin (4) zum Benzo[a]chinolizinon 13. Die Umsetzung von α-Methylhomophthalsäureanhydrid (10) mit 3 und dem Imidat 7 liefert die 1 (2H)-Isochinolinone 14 bzw. 19 und die mit 4 das 13-Methyldibenzo-[a,g]chinolizinon 15. Die zu α-Kondensationsprodukten führende Reaktion von 1a, b mit 3 wird untersucht.
    Notes: Glutaconic anhydride (9) reacts with N-substituted benzimidoyl chlorides 3 to give the corresponding (Z)-3-[(amino)(phenyl)methylene]pyrandiones 12, whereas with 1-chloroisoquinoline (4) the benzo[a]quinolizinone 13 is obtained. The reactions of α-methylhomophthalic anhydride (10) with 3 and the imidate 7 lead to the 1 (2H)-isoquinolinones 14 and 19, respectively, and with 4 to the 13-methyldibenzo[a,g]quinolizinone 15. The interaction of homophthalic anhydrides 1a, b with 3 aiming at the preparation of α-condensation products is investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840219
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  • 186
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    Neue Inhaltsstoffe von Levisticum officinale Koch (Liebstöckel) (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 397-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New Constituents of Levisticum officinale KochFalcarindiol (1) was identified as the antibiotic principle in roots of Levisticum officinale (Umbelliferae). In addition (Z)-ligustilide (2), angeolide (3), and five new dimers of ligustilide were isolated. Structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840221
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  • 187
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    Berichtigung zu dem Betrag (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 407-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840223
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  • 188
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    Lithiumenolate von Kohlenhydraten, 2. Axiale α-C-Methylierung und -Hydroxymethylierung von Kohlenhydratulosen (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 1094-1099 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Lithium Enolates of Carbohydrates,, 2. Axial α-C-Methylation and -Hydroxymethylation of Carbohydrate UlosesLithium diisopropylamide generates regiospecifically enolates of the carbohydrate uloses 1, 5 and 8 which are treated with methyl iodide to yield stereospecifically the α-C-methyluloses 2a, 6a and 9. With formaldehyde the enolates yield the corresponding hydroxymethylated compounds 2b and 6b. In two cases subsequent reduction of the carbonyl function to 7 and 11 is observed.
    Notes: Die Kohlenhydratulosen 1, 5 und 8 ergeben mit Lithiumdiisopropylamid regiospezifisch Enolate, die mit Methyliodid stereospezifisch zu den α-C-Methylulosen 2a, 6a und 9 reagieren. Mit Formaldehyd werden die entsprechenden hydroxymethylierten Produkte 2b und 6b erhalten. In zwei Fällen tritt nachfolgende Reduktion der Carbonylgruppe zu 7 und 11 ein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840606
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  • 189
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    Synthese und Furanosid/Pyranosid-Isomerisierung von 7-Desaza-2′-desoxy-7-methylguanosin (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 708-721 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Furanoside/Pyranoside Isomerization of 7-deaza-2′-deoxy-7-methylguanosine7-Deaza-2′deoxy-7-methylguanosine (2), an isoster of the zwitterionic 2′-deoxy-7-methylguanosine (1) and its α anomer 10b was synthesized. Phase-transfer glycosylation of 2-amino-4-methoxy-5-methyl-7-H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (6b) with 1-chloro-2-deoxy-3,5-O-(p-toluoyl)-α-D-erythro-pentofuranose (7a) caused regioselective glycosylation of position 7 to give the anomers 8 and 9 in 87% yield. Deprotection of the sugar moiety by sodium methanolate gave the nucleosides 10a and 11; subsequent cleavage of the 4-methoxy group by aluminium chloride in DMF leads to 2 and its α anomer 10b. Treatment of 10a with 7 N HCI/dioxane resulted in isomerization and demethylation forming the furanosides 10b and 2 and the pyranosides 12b and 13b. Isomerization of 10a without demethylation was achieved with 1 N hydrochloric acid and gave the furanosides 10a and 11 as well as the pyranosides 12a and 13a.
    Notes: 7-Desaza-2′-desoxy-7-methylguanosin (2), ein Isoster des zwitterionischen 2′-Desoxy-7-methyl-guanosins (1) und sein α-Anomer 10b wurden synthetisiert. Phasentransferglycosylierung von 2-Amino-4-methoxy-5-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin (6b) mit 1-Chlor-2-desoxy-3,5-di-O-(p-toluoyl)-α-D-erythro-pentofuranose (7a) führt in regioselektiver 7-Glycosylierung zu den Anomeren 8 und 9 in 87proz. Ausbeute. Nach Abspaltung der Schutzgruppen am glyconischen Rest mit Natriummethanolat erhält man die Nucleoside 101a und 11, deren 4-Methylether mit Aluminiumchlorid/DMF zu 2 und dessen α-Anomeren 10b gespalten werden. Wird 10a mit 7 n HCI/Dioxan demethyliert, so erfolgt Isomerisierung zu den Furanosiden 10b und 2 sowie den Pyranosiden 12b und 13b. Isomerisierung von 10a zu den Furanosiden 10a und 11 sowie den Pyranosiden 12a und 13a kann ohne Demethylierung in 1 n Salzsäure erreicht werden.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840408
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  • 190
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    Eine einfache Methode zur Herstellung von 2-Arylbenzofuranen und die Synthese von Moracin A und B (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 734-741 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: A Practical Method for the Preparation of 2-Arylbenzofurans and the Synthesis of Moracin A and BOxidative rearrangement of 2-benzyloxychalcones 2 with Ti(No3)3 in methanol to 1,2-diaryl-3,3-dimethoxy-1-propanones 3, alkaline degradation to aryl 2-benzyloxybenzyl ketones 4, debenzylation, and ring closure gave 2-arylbenzofurans 1. In this way moracin A and B (1a, b), further 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl_-5,6-dimethoxybenzofuran (1c) were synthesized. The latter was not identical with a substance isolated from Myroxylon balsamum for which structure 1c was claimed.
    Notes: Die oxidative Umalgerung von 2-Benzyloxychalkonen J. Amer. Chem. Soc.2 mit Ti(NO3)3 in Methanol, alkalischer Abbau der entstandenen 1,2-Diaryl-3,3-dimethoxy-1-propanone 3 zu Aryl(2-benzyloxybenzyl)-ketonen 4, Entbenzylierung und Ringschluß führte zu 2-Arylbenzofuranen 1. Mit dieser Methode wurden u. a. Moracin A und b (1a, b) sowie 2-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,6-dimethoxybenzofuran (1c) synthetisiert. Letzteres war mit einer aus Myroxylon balsamum isolierten und als 1c beschriebenen Substanz nicht identisch.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840410
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  • 191
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    Reaktionen partiell acylierter Aldohexopyranoside, II. Regioselektive Oxidatin partiell acylierter Aldohexopyranoside mit Pyridiniumchlorochromat und ein neues photochemisches Verfahren zur Darstellung von Methyl-3,6-didesoxy-α-D-ribo- hexopyranosid (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 783-790 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions of Partially Acylated Aldohexopyranosides, II. - Regioselective Oxidation of Partially Acylated Aldohexopyranosides with Pyridinium Chlorochromate and a New photochemical Method for the Preparation of Methyl 3,6-Dideoxy-α-D-ribo-hexopyranosideRegioselective oxidation of methyl 2,6-di-O-pivaloyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (1) with pyridinium chlorochromate yields methyl 2,6-di-O-pivaloyl-α-D-ribo-hexopyranosid-3-ulose (2) as well as a ten-membered cyclic diester. If methyl 3,6-di-O-benzoyl- (7) and methyl 3,6-di-O-pivaloyl-α-D-mannopyranoside (8) is treated with the same reagent, methyl 3,6-di-O-benzoyl- (9) and methyl 3,6-di-O-pivaloyl-α-D-arabino-hexopyranosid-2-ulose (10) are obtained in good yields. Reduction of these products leads to the corresponding glucose derivatives 11-13 with high diastereoselectivity. Irradiation of the so obtained methyl 3,6-di-O-pivaloyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (12) in hexamethylphosphoric triamide/water (97:3) leads to methyl 3,6-dideoxy-α-D-ribo-hexopyranoside (14, methyl α-D-paratoside). Application of sodium tetradeuterioborate in the first reduction step, results in the specifically deuterated dideoxy sugar 16.
    Notes: Die regioselektive Oxidation von Methyl-2,6-di-O-pivaloyl-α-D-glucopyranosid (1) mit Pyridiniumchlorochromat ergibt Methyl-2,6-di-O-pivaloyl-α-D-ribo-hexopyranosid-3-ulose (2) sowie einen zehngliedrigen cyclischen Diester. Bei der Umsetzung von Methyl-3,6-di-O-benzoyl-)7) sowie Methyl-3,6-di-O-pivaloyl-α-D-mannopyranosid (8) mit dem gleichen Reagenz werden Methyl-3,6-di-O-benzoyl- (9) und Methyl-3,6-di-O-pivaloyl-α-D-arabino-hexopyranosid-2-ulose (10) in guten Ausbeuten erhalten. Die Reduktion dieser Produkte führt mit hoher Diastereoselektivität zu den entsprechenden Glucosederivaten 11-13. Die Bestrahlung des auf diese Weise zugänglichen Methyl-3,6-di-O-pivaloyl-α-D-glucopyranosids (12) in Hexamethylphosphorsäuretriamid/Wasser (97:3) ergibt Methyl-3,6-didesoxy-α-D-ribo-hexopyranosid (14, Methyl-α-D-paratosid). Bei Verwendung von Natrium-tetradeuterioborat im ersten Reduktionsschritt ist der spezifisch deuterierte Didesoxyzucker 16 zugänglich.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840414
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  • 192
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    Ringöffnungsreaktionen von 2-Siloxycyclopropancarbonsäuremethylestern zu 4-Oxoalkansäurederivaten (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 802-819 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Ring Opening Reactions of Methyl 2-Siloxycyclopropanecarboxylates to 4-Oxoalkanoic Acid DerivativesA great variety of methyl 2-(trialkylsiloxy)cyclopropanecarboxylates C1-C31 are cleaved under very mild condition and with excellent yields providing 4-oxoalkanoic esters D1-D31 Which are important synthetic building blocks. Even sensible esters with formyl, vinyl ketone, or trimethylsiloxy functions can be prepared. Corresponding to the regioselective synthesis of C isomeric pairs of D Can deliberately be constructed. In the presence of an electrophile alkylating ring opening delivers 4-oxoalkanoates substituted in position 2, however, the degree of alkylation does not exceed 60%. Several other cleavage variations allow syntheses of other 4-oxoalkanoic acid derivatives in effective one-pot procedures.
    Notes: Die in großer Vielfalt zur Verfügung stehenden 2-(Trialkylsiloxy)cyclopropancarbonsäuremethylester C1-C31 werden unter sehr milden Bedingungen und in hohen Ausbeuten in die 4-Oxoalkansäure-methylester D1-D31 übergeführt, die als Synthesebausteine von Bedeutung sind. Es können auch empfindliche Ester mit Formyl-, Vinylketon- oder Trimethylsiloxyfunktion dargestellt werden. Der regioselektiven Synthese von C entsprechend kann man gezielt isomere 4-Oxoalkansäureester D aufbauen. Die alkylierende Ringöffnung in Gegenwart eines Elektrophils führt zu 2-substituierten 4-Oxoalkansäureestern, deren Alkylierungsgrad allerdings 60% nicht übersteigt. Weitere Spaltungsvarianten, die im Eintopfverfahren andere 4-Oxoalkansäurederivate liefern, werden mitgeteilt.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840416
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  • 193
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    An Efficient, One-Step Synthesis of 2-Imidazolin-4(5)-one (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 831-834 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Eine ergiebige, einstufige Synthese von 2-Imidazolin-4(5)-onDie Titelverbindung 4, das lange bekannte biologische Zwischenprodukt beim Abbau von Xanthin zu N-(Iminomethyl)glycin, wird in einer einstufigen Umsetzung von Aminoacetonitrilhydrochlorid mit überschüssigem Trimethyl-orthoformat mit einer Ausbeute von Mehr als 90% erhalten. Der Mechanismus der Reaktion wird diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840419
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  • 194
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    Masthead (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840501
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  • 195
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    1,2-Oxazetidin-3-one aus (2-Thienyl)glycolohydroxamsäuren und 1,1′-Carbonyldiimidazol (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 894-899 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 1,2-Oxazetidin-3-ones from (2-Thienyl)glycolohydroxamic Acids and 1,1′-CarbonyldiimidazoleReaction of (2-thienyl)glycolohydroxamic acids 6 with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole yields 1,2-oxaze-tidin-3-ones 3B in high yields. The conversion of 6 into 3B proceeds via the intermediate 5B which can be isolated under suitable conditions.
    Notes: (2-Thienyl)glycolohydroxamsäuren 6 reagieren mit 1,1′-Carbonyldiimidazol in hohen Ausbeuten über die unter geeigneten Bedingungen isolierbare Zwischenstufe 5B zu 1,2-Oxazetidin-3-onen 3B.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840507
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  • 196
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    Synthese des Lycopodium-Alkaloids rac-Lucidulin aus Hexahydro-7-methylchinolin (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 1519-1528 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of the Lycopodium Alkaloid rac-Luciduline from Hexahydro-7-methylquinolineThe 1,4 addition of malonic acid to the eneimine functional group of 2 leads to diastereomeric imines which via disproportionation can be transformed into the pyridine derivative 9. From 9 the ester 5b is obtained stereoselectively. Oxidation of 5b with potassium permanganate and crown ether yields the lactam ester 15. The cyclization and transformation of 15 into rac-luciduline (1) is described. 5b can also be obtained in a simple, nonstereoselective synthesis from the ketone 10.
    Notes: Durch 1,4-Addition von Malonsäure an die Eniminfunktion in 2 entstehen diastereomere Imine, die sich durch Disproportionierung in das Pyridinderivat 9 umwandeln lassen. Stereoselektiv wird daraus der Ester 5b gewonnen, der mit Kaliumpermanganat und Kronenether den Lactamester 15 liefert. Die Cyclisierung und Umwandlung von 15 zum rac-Lucidulin (1) ist beschrieben. Der Ester 5b wird in einer einfachen, nicht stereoselektiven Synthese auch aus dem Keton 10 erhalten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840812
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  • 197
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    Feodor Lynen 1911-1979 (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. I 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840902
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  • 198
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    Antibiotika aus Gleitenden Bakterien, XXII. Die Biosynthese des Antibiotikums Myxopyronin A aus Myxococcus fulvus Stamm Mx f50 (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 1088-1093 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Antibiotics from Gliding Bacteria, XXII. - The Biosynthesis of Myxopyronin A, an Antibiotic from Myxococcus fulvus, Strain Mx f50The biosynthesis of the antibiotic myxopyronin A (1) from acetate, glycine, and methionine was investigated by feeding experiments with the corresponding 13C- and 15N labeled precursors and observing the labeling pattern by 13C-NMR. The carbon skeleton of the antibiotic is derived from two polyacetate chains. Glycine is incorporated as starting unit into one of the chains. Two of the three methyl groups are incorporated from methionine, the third one from C-2 of acetate.
    Notes: Die Biosynthese des Antibiotikums Myxopyronin A (1) aus Acetat, Glycin und Methionin wurde durch Einbauversuche mit den entsprechenden 13C- und 15N-markierten Vorstufen anhand der 13C-NMR-Spektren aufgeklärt. Das Molekülgerüst wird aus zwei Polyacetat-Ketten aufgebaut, wobei Glycin in einem Fall als Starter fungiert. Zwei der drei Methylverzweigungen stammen aus Methionin, die dritte aus einem C-2-Atom von Acetat.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840605
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  • 199
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    1,6-Anhydrofuranosen, XV Konkurrierende Darstellung der 1,6:2,5- und 1,6: 3,5-Dianhydro-α-L-gulofuranosen, Ringöffnung der 1,6: 3,5-Dianhydro-α-L-gulofuranose (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 1597-1604 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 1,6-Anhydrofuranoses, XV. - Competitive Preparation of 1,6: 2, 5- and 1,6:3,5-Dianhydro-α-L-gulofuranoses, Ring Opening of 1,6:3,5-Dianhydro-α-L-gulofuranose1,6-Anhydro-5-O-tosyl-β-D-mannofuranose (1) shows two hydroxy groups in sterically favourable positions for intramolecular substitution at position 5. In accordance with exspectation, heating of 1 in DMF gives a mixture of the dianhydrides 2a and 3, from which the 1,6: 3,5-dianhydride 2a predominates (ratio 2a:3 as 40:1). Treatment of 2a with HCl in methanol opens both anhydro rings yielding the methyl glycofuranosides 4a and 5a of presumably α-D-manno configuration. The mass spectra of all known isomeric dianhydrohexofuranoses, despite anhydro sugar epoxides, are discussed.
    Notes: 1,6-Anhydro-5-O-tosyl-β-D-mannofuranose (1) trägt zwei Hydroxygruppen in Positionen, die jeweils intramolekulare Substitution der Tosylgruppe erlauben sollten. Die Umsetzung von 1 in DMF bei erhöhter Temperatur führt zu den möglichen Dianhydriden 2a und 3, wobei das 1,6: 3,5-Dianhydrid 2a jedoch weitaus überwiegt (Verhältnis 2a:3 wie 40:1). Durch Umsetzung mit HCl in Methanol werden in 2a beide Anhydroringe geöffnet. Hierbei werden die Methyl-glycofuranoside 4a und 5a mit wahrscheinlich α-D-manno-Konfiguration gebildet. Die Massen-spektren der bekannten isomeren Dianhydrohexofuranosen, soweit es sich nicht um Epoxide handelt, werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840908
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  • 200
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    Berichtigung zu dem Beitrag Reaktionen enolischer Zuckerderivate, XVI. - Die Synthese einer diastereotopen Protonensonde [(Z)-3,7-Anhydro-1,2-didesoxy-D-gluco-oct-2-enitol] für α- und β-D-Glucosylasen (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 1626-1626 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840911
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