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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 48 (1970), S. 682-688 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Methods for thin-layer chromatography of urinary amino acids on commercially available procoated plates of micro-crystalline cellulose are presented. The urine is desalted by passing it through columns containing Amberlite CG 120 I. The amino acids are eluted by a solution of 5 per cent ammonia. The eluate is taken to dryness and dissolved in such an amount of water that 1 µl corresponds to 1 µg of creatinine. 1 µl is spotted to plates (10×10 cm) by micro pipets. Every urine is developed two-dimensionally by two solvent pairs. First pair: Ethanol-H2O (83:17), first direction, three times developed up to 8 cm, tert-Butanolmethylethylketone-NH3-diethylamine-H2O (35:35:10:0,4:20), second direction, once developed up to 8 cm. Second pair: n-Butanol-acetone-glacial acetic acid-H2O (35:35:10:20), first direction, phenol-formic acid (15 per cent) (250 g+83 ml), second direction, once developed up to 8 cm. Using these solvent pairs it is possible to separate most of the important urinary amino acids and diagnose or suspect most of the known metabolic disorders with a disturbed urinary excretion of amino acids. Phosphoethanolamine, S-sulphocysteine and taurine are lost by desalting the urine. Special problems of detecting and locating some amino acids are discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es werden Methoden zur Dünnschichtchromatographie der Harnaminosäuren auf mikrokristalliner Cellulose angegeben. Vor der dünnschichtchromatographischen Trennung wird der Urin (Amberlite CG 120 I, H+-Form; Elution mit 5% igem NH3) entsalzt. Nach Einengen des Eluats zur Trockne und Lösung des Rückstandes in einer auf den Kreatiningehalt des Urins bezogenen Menge Wasser wird der Urin auf Cellulose-Fertigplatten der Fa. Merck AG. aufgetragen. Die Plattengröße beträgt 10×10 cm. Durch Verwendung von zwei Fließmittelpaaren ist es möglich, bei den meisten der bekannten Stoffwechselkrankheiten mit vermehrter Aminosäure-Ausscheidung eine Diagnose oder eine Verdachtsdiagnose zu stellen. Ausnahmen sind lediglich die Hypophosphatasie, der Sulfitoxydase-Mangel und die Taurinurie, da die bei diesen Störungen vermehrt ausgeschiedenen Aminosäuren Phosphoäthanolamin, S-Sulfo-l-cystein und Taurin bei der Entsalzung verloren gehen. Auf spezielle Probleme des Nachweises einzelner Aminosäuren wird eingegangen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 54 (1976), S. 415-422 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hyperlipoproteinemia type I ; Familial hyperlipidemia ; Diet therapy in hyperlipoproteinemias ; Lipoprotein lipase ; Medium chain triglycerides ; Essential fatty acids ; Hyperlipoproteinämie Typ I ; Familiäre Hyperlipidämie ; Diättherapie bei Hyperlipoproteinämie ; Lipoproteinlipase ; Mittelkettige Fettsäuren ; Essentielle Fettsäuren
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der therapeutische Effekt verschiedener Diäten mit unterschiedlichen Relationen von lang- und mittelkettigem Fett, Kohlenhydraten und Eiweiß wurde bei zwei Geschwistern mit Hyperlipoproteinämie Typ I untersucht. Eine Normalisierung der TG-Werte konnte trotz extrem fettarmer Kost (〈5 g täglich) nicht erreicht werden, da es infolge der relativ kohlenhydratreichen Diät und wahrscheinlich auch wegen der Gabe von MCT zu einer starken Vermehrung der prä-β-Lipoproteine kam. Da es sich um eine lebenslange Therapie handelt, müssen die Risiken einer normal fetthaltigen Kost — vor allem rezidivierende Pankreatitiden durch die exzessiven Chylomikronenspiegel — gegen die einer fettreduzierten und kohlenhydrat-und MCT-reichen Kost — erhöhtes Atheroskleroserisiko durch Hyperpräbetalipoproteinämie — abgewogen werden. Daher erscheinen uns folgende diätetische Richtlinien sinnvoll: 1. Reduktion des langkettigen Fetts auf weniger als 30 g pro Tag, wobei besonders auf eine genügende Linolsäurezufuhr (4–6 g täglich) zu achten ist. 2. Der Kohlenhydratanteil sollte 50 Kalorienprozent nicht überschreiten und vor allem aus Stärke bestehen. 3. Das so entstehende Kaloriendefizit sollte vor allem durch Protein gedeckt werden, was durch spezielle Eiweißanreicherung einzelner Nahrungsmittel möglich ist. 4. Nur bei Schwierigkeiten bei der Einhaltung der eiweißreichen Kost sollte der Einsatz mittelkettigen Fetts erwogen werden.
    Notes: Summary The therapeutic effect of different diets varying in long chain and medium chain triglycerides, carbohydrate, and protein was tested in two siblings with type I hyperlipoproteinemia. Despite administration of an extremely fat reduced diet (〈5 g daily), a normalization of plasma TG could not be obtained because—as a consequence of its high carbohydrate and/or its MCT content—it resulted in a considerable increase in pre-β-lipoproteins. As life long dietary therapy has to be maintained, the risks of a normal fat containing diet (mainly bouts of pancreatitis) and those of a carbohydrate and MCT rich diet (premature atherosclerosis) are to be carefully considered. On the basis of our data we therefore suggest the following dietary regimen: 1. Reduced intake of long chain triglycerides (less than 30 gms per day), but with sufficient amounts of essential fatty acids (4–6 gms linoleate daily). 2. The carbohydrates should not exceed 50% of total calories and ought to consist mainly of starch. 3. The caloric deficit thus generated should be balanced by a high protein intake. This is facilitated by applying a specially protein-enriched food. 4. Medium chain triglycerides may be necessary when adherence to the protein-rich diet turns out to be bad.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 116 (1974), S. 95-114 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia ; Dietetic treatment ; Histologic changes of brain ; Liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über eine Patientin mit einer nichtketotischen Hyperglycinämie berichtet, die 2 Jahre lang mit einer vollsynthetischen Kost aus einem Aminosäurengemisch, Mineralien, Glucose, Fett und Vitaminzusätzen behandelt wurde. Die diätetische Behandlung sowie Zusatz von Natrium-Benzoat zur Nahrung führten nur kurzfristig zu einem Absinken der Plasma-Glycin-Konzentrationen. Nach Anreicherung der Nahrung mit L-Methionin in einer Dosierung von 300 mg/kg KG/die zeigten sich zwar deutlich niedrigere Glycinspiegel, gleichzeitig kam es aber zu einer exzessiven Hypermethioninämie. L-Methionin-Gabe in Dosierungen von 150–200 mg/kg KG hatten keinen Einfluß auf die Höhe des Plasma-Glycin-Spiegels. Die körperliche Entwicklung des Kindes unter Diätbehandlung war altersentsprechend. Ein Einfluß auf die geistige Entwicklung wurde nicht bemerkt, es bestand aber bereits zu Beginn der Behandlung das Bild einer Decrebrierung. Pathologisch-histologisch zeigten sich Veränderungen des ZNS in Form von Markscheidenreifungshemmung und einer spongiösen Degeneration der weißen Substanz in Großhirn, Kleinhirn und Rückenmark sowie Einlagerungen von doppeltbrechenden Kristallen. In der grauen Substanz waren keine groben Alterationen nachweisbar. Im Bereich des peripheren Nervensystems fanden sich keine Markscheidenausfälle und keine doppeltbrechenden Kristalle. Die Leber zeigte eine leichte Vacuolisierung der Leberzellen und eine starke Einlagerung von doppeltbrechenden Kristallen in Parenchymzellen und Makrophagen.
    Notes: Abstract A girl with non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia was treated for 2 years with a synthetic diet consisting of a glycine- and serine-free amino-acid mixture, glucose, fat, minerals, and vitamins. The addition of sodium benzoate to this diet resulted in only a temporary decrease of the plasma glycine concentration. Addition of 300 mg methionine/kg/day led to a marked reduction of glycine in the plasma but also to an excessive increase of the methionine plasma concentration. L-methionine at a lower dose did not influence the plasma glycine level. During the dietary treatment an almost normal gain of body weight was observed, though the psychomotor development was not influenced. Post mortem the following changes were noted: 1. reduced myelination of the white matter; 2. spongiform alterations of the white matter of the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the spinal cord; 3. inclusions of birefringent crystals in liver and brain. The grey matter of the cerebrum did not show any marked alterations. In peripheral nerves no areas of demyelination or inclusions of crystals were found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 127 (1977), S. 1-7 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Glycogenosis type II ; Lymphocytes ; Electron microscopic examination ; Diagnosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using electron microscopy, glycogen-filled lysosomes were found in peripheral lymphocytes in 5 cases of the infantile form of glycogenosis type II. In two infants whose blood smears were available, the ultrastructural demonstration of this pathognomonic storage corresponded to well-delineated vacuoles detected by routine light microscopy. Detection of such vacuoles in peripheral lymphocytes by light microscopy and demonstration of glycogenfilled lysosomes by electron microscopy could be a simple and harmless tool for diagnosing the classical form of type II glycogenosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 118 (1975), S. 249-258 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Primary hypomagnesemia ; Hypocalcemia ; Intestinal absorption ; Magnesium ; Whole body counter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der klinische Verlauf zweier Patienten mit primärer Hypomagnesämie wird beschrieben. Bei einem Patienten, einem 5 Monate alten Säugling, wurden Magnesiumretention,-resorption,-Stuhlausscheidung und-Clearance gemessen. Die Retention (2,8%) und Resorption (7,8%) von Magnesium28 war deutlich erniedrigt im Vergleich zu Kontrollpersonen, die durchschnittlich 25% retinierten und 28% absorbierten. Zwischen den Retentionswerten der Eltern und Verwandten und denen der gesunden Erwachsenen bestand kein Unterschied. Der untersuchte Patient wurde erfolgreich mit Trimagnesiumdicitrat, entsprechend einer Dosis von 1,75 g Magnesium, behandelt.
    Notes: Abstract The clinical course of 2 patients with primary hypomagnesemia is reported. In one male patien, 5 months old, measurements of magnesium retention, intestinal absorption, fecal excretion and renal clearance were performed. The retention (2.8%) and absorption (7.8%) of 28-Mg were markedly reduced in comparison to controls (average retention 25% and average absorption 28%). The retention values of the parents and other relatives did not differ from those of healthy adults. The examined patient was successfully treated with trimagnesium dicitrate containing 1.75 g magnesium per day.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 128 (1978), S. 213-223 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Selenium ; Gluthathione peroxidase ; Dietotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The selenium content of serum, whole blood and hair was measured by neutron activation analysis in dietetically treated patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) and maple-syrup-urine disease (MSUD). Follow-up studies showed a decrease of the serum selenium content and the glutathione peroxidase activity of erythrocytes—a selenoenzyme—from normal values at the beginning of the diet to 20% (selenium) and 50% (gluthione peroxidase) of normal within 10–12 weeks of dietary treatment. In 36 patients the serum selenium content was lower at 6.7–28×10-9 g/ml, independent of the age of the patients (0.5 to 10 years). The selenium content of whole blood was reduced: median=98×10-9 g/g dry weight; range 75 to 165×10-9 g/g dry weight (healthy children: median=381×10-9 g/g dry weight; range 245 to 588×10-9 g/g dry weight). The selenium content of hair was markedly lower in the patients (median=62×10-9 g/g; range 13–140×10-9 g/g) than in healthy children (median=429; range 213 to 720×10-9 g/g). The mean glutathione peroxidase activity of erythrocytes was reduced to 4.6±0.64 U37/g Hb, in comparison to normal values (mean=8.8±0.88 U37/gHb).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis ; Serum lecithin pattern ; Arachidonic acid ; Linoleic acid ; Ultrastructural inclusions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A patient with a progressive neurological disorder beginning at the age of three years is described. Mental and visual disturbances were the first signs, soon followed by ataxia and myoclonic jerks. Fundoscopy revealed a decreased pigmentation of the retina. Ultramicroscopic investigations of muscle and skin disclosed the typical changes seen in the late infantile and juvenile forms of neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis. In contrast to the clinical and ultrastructural findings, the fatty acid pattern of the serum lecithin showed a significant increase of arachidonic acid and a corresponding decrease of linoleic acid which is characteristic of the so-called infantile form of neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis (Hagberg-Santavuori variant; polyunsaturated fatty acid lipidosis). The obvious heterogeneity of the clinical, histological and laboratory findings within the subgroups of neuronal ceroidlipofuscinosis is briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 129 (1978), S. 139-145 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Selenium ; Human milk ; Cow's milk ; Cow's milk infant formula
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The selenium content of human milk, cow's milk and cow's milk infant formula were estimated by instrumental neutron activation analysis. The highest values were found in 3 samples of human colostrum (524–865×10-9 g/g dry weight). There was a significant decrease with increasing time post partum. Mature human milk exhibited a selenium content of 230±79×10-9 g/g dry weight. The selenium content of 45 samples of cow's milk from the north-western area of Germany was 200±39×10-9 g/g dry weight. While there was no significant difference between the values of mature human milk and of cow's milk, cow's milk infant formula exhibited significantly (P〈0.01) lower values than human milk. The average selenium content of 107 samples of 10 different commercially available fluid and powdered cow's milk infant formulas (range: 18–171×10-9 g/g dry weight) amounted to about only one third of that in mature human milk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 126 (1977), S. 199-202 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Zinc ; Serum ; Normal values ; Children ; Infants ; Cord blood ; Adults
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Serum zinc concentrations in subjects of different ages were estimated by neutron activation analysis to obtain reliable reference values for the diagnosis of primary or secondary zinc deficiency during childhood. In these healthy individuals a small age-dependent variation of the mean values was found. Serum zinc concentrations were lower in cord blood (mean value: 880×10−9 g/ml) and in infants (mean value: 820×10−9 g/ml) than in adults (mean value 1178×10−9 g/ml). In comparison to these values, the serum zinc concentration in a patient with secondary zinc deficiency and 4 patients with acrodermatitis enteropathica was reduced to about 25% of normal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 110 (1971), S. 46-58 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Secondary Cystathioninuria ; Cystathionine ; Identification ; Amino Acids ; Liver Diseases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden Methoden dargestellt, mit denen eine quantitativ geringe Cystathioninausscheidung im Urin festgestellt und bewiesen werden kann. Es wurden 5 Kinder gefunden, die eine mäßige Cystathioninausscheidung aufwiesen (14,5–99,0 μMol/Tag). Die klinischen Befunde dieser Patienten werden dargestellt. Drei von ihnen hatten Leberaffektionen, eines eine nichtketotische Hyperglycinämie, und bei einem Kind handelte es sich um ein Neugeborenes mit multiplen Fehlbildungen. Bei allen Fällen lag eine sekundäre Cystathioninurie vor. Die Ursachen, die zu einer sekundären Cystathioninurie führen, werden besprochen.
    Notes: Abstract A secondary cystathionuria was found in two children with liver disease (cirrhosis of unknown etiology, congenital biliary atresia), in one infant with hypercalcemia due to high doses of vitamin D, in one case of non-ketotic hyperglycinemia, and in one infant with multiple malformations. Methods for the determination of cystathionine, when excreted in only small amounts, are outlined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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