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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 47 (1998), S. 475-478 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Kinderanaesthesie ; Hypothermieprävention ; Aluminium-Folien ; konvektive Wärmedecke ; Raumtemperatur 28 ºC. ; Key words Pediatric anaesthesia ; Prevention of hypothermia ; Aluminum sheets ; Convective warming ; Operation room temperature 28 °C.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Children are very sensible to the occurrence of intraoperative hypothermia (HT) (core temperature ≤36.0 ºC) during general anaesthesia because their regulation capacity is less effective than in adults and due to a large skin-surface area compared with their body mass. We compared the efficacy of different heating devices to prevent HT in children during surgery. Methods: With approval of the local ethics committee 50 children between one and seven years, scheduled for peripheral surgery lasting at least 2 hours were included in this studie. Anaesthesia was standardized in all patients. Patients were randomly divided into 5 groups. In group 1, in addition to the usual cotton blankets, room temperature was elevated to 27–28 ºC. In group 2, room temperature was maintained at 27–28 ºC, and the patients were additionally wrapped into an aluminum blanket. In group 3, elevated room temperature was combined with a convective heating blanket. Patients in group 4 were warmed with an aluminum blanket, while the room temperature was maintained at 22 ºC. In group 5, room temperature was maintained at 22 °C and patients were warmed with a convective heating device (Tab. 1). Room and core body temperature (tympanon membran) were continuously measured. ANOVA and Fisher’s exact Test (significance level: p〈0.05) were performed for the statistical analysis of the results. Results: The demographic data of all 5 groups, the infused fluid volume and the anaesthetic technique were similar. There were no significant differences concerning age, hight and weight of the pediatric patients (Tab. 2). The core temperature decreased by −1.7 ºC in group 1. In group 4 core temperature decreased by −1.6 °C. Using a convective warming system in normal am-bient temperature (group 5) core temperature increased by 0.2 ºC and was as effective in the prevention of HT as group 2. A significant increase in core temperture occurred in group 3 +0.7 °C (Tab. 3 and Fig. 1). Discussion: OR temperature seems to be a critical factor influencing heat loss. Increasing OR temperature and covering with cotton sheets was not effective in preventing the heat loss. Increasing room temperature in combination with aluminum sheets is one alternative to prevent HT. Our study shows that the use of a convective warming device prevents HT during a 2-hour surgery in young children even at a OR temperature of about 22 °C. In conclusion, in pediatric patients the use of a convective heating system proved to be an effective alternative to room heating.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Kinder sind im Vergleich zu Erwachsenen besonders anfällig für das Auftreten einer perioperativen Hypothermie. Daher untersuchten wir fünf verschiedene intraoperative Wärmemaßnahmen auf ihre Effektivität. Methodik: Nach Genehmigung der Studie durch die Ethikkommission und Aufklärung und Einwilligung der Eltern wurden 50 Patienten im Alter von 1–7 Jahren bei etwa zweistündigen plastisch-chirurgischen Extremitäten-Eingriffen in Intubationsnarkose unter Verwendung unterschiedlicher Wärmemaßnahmen auf ihre Temperaturentwicklung untersucht. Als wärmende Maßnahmen kamen Baumwolltücher (Gruppe 1), Aluminium-Folie (Gruppe 2 und Gruppe 4) und konvektive Wärmedecken (Gruppe 3 und Gruppe 5) zum Bedecken der Patienten bei unterschiedlichen Raumtemperaturen zur Anwendung. Das Narkoseverfahren war bei allen Patienten standardisiert. Ergebnisse: Die Verwendung von Baumwolltüchern bei erhöhter Raumtemperatur ist ebenso ineffektiv das Auftreten einer intraoperativen Hypothermie zu verhindern, wie die Verwendung von Aluminium-Folien bei normaler Raumtemperatur. Wird die konvektive Wärmedecke bei erhöhter Raumtemperatur eingesetzt, so besteht die Gefahr der Überwärmung. Die isolierende Wirkung von Aluminium-Folien bei gleichzeitig angehobener Raumtemperatur erscheint so zuverlässig die Hypothermie zu verhindern wie die konvektive Wärmedecke ohne Raumtemperaturerhöhung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 55 (1977), S. 539-543 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Dysfibrinogenemia ; Fibrin polymerization defect ; Bleeding disorder ; Dysfibrinogenämie ; Fibrinpolymerisationsstörung ; Hämostasestörung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über einen neuen Fall von Dysfibrinogenämie berichtet. Der genetische Moleküldefekt hat keine manifeste hämorrhagische Diathese zur Folge, sondern zeigt sich lediglich in diskreten Veränderungen der gerinnungsanalytischen Parameter (verlängerte Thrombin-, Reptilase- und Thrombinkoagulasezeit; erniedrigter Wert des thrombingerinnbaren Proteins im Vergleich zum Ergebnis der immunologischen Fibrinogenbestimmung; verzögerter Verlauf der Fibrinpolymerisation). Darüberhinaus werden Klinik und Diagnostik der Dysfibrinogenämie zusammenfassend dargestellt.
    Notes: Summary A new case of dysfibrinogenemia is reported which shows no signs of a haemorrhagic diathesis (dysfibrinogenemia Gießen III). The abnormal fibrinogen was detected by only slight but characteristic alterations of some parameter of the coagulation analysis (prolonged clotting times after addition of thrombin, Reptilase and thrombin coagulase; low fibrinogen concentration determined by methods based on clot formation in comparison to the immunological fibrinogen determination; delayed fibrin polymerization). In addition, clinical features and diagnosis of dysfibrinogenemia are described in general.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In patients suffering from chronic kidney insufficiency an ascorbic acid concentration in the serum which was lying below the normal range could be demonstrated in spite of sufficient vitamin C supply with the diet. During the extracorporeal haemodialysis a further decrease in concentration was observed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei Kranken mit chronischer Niereninsuffizienz konnte trotz ausreichender Vitamin C-Zufuhr mit der Nahrung eine unter der Norm liegende Ascorbinsäurekonzentration im Serum nachgewiesen werden. Zu cinem weiteren Konzentrationsabfall kam es unter der extrakorporalen Hämodialyse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 55 (1977), S. 323-327 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Platelet morphology ; Platelet aggregation test ; Physical training of athletes ; Standardised ergometry ; Thrombocytenmorphologie ; Plättchenaggregationstest ; Körperlicher Trainingszustand ; Standardisierte Ergometrie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über morphologische Strukturanalysen der Thrombocyten unter körperlicher Belastung bei unterschiedlichem Trainingszustand berichtet. Die Untersuchungen wurden an 3 Probandengruppen zu je 15 Personen durchgeführt. Gruppe X bestand aus 15 Personen im Alter von 20–26 Jahren mit gelegentlicher Gymnastik, Gruppe Y umfaßte 15 Probanden im Alter von 44–52 Jahren ohne wesentliches körperliches Training, und Gruppe Z enthielt 15 Leistungssportler im Alter von 22–25 Jahren. Die Thrombocytenveränderungen wurden nach dem Plättchenaggregationstest (PAT) in 5 Stufen eingeteilt: Solitärstadium (Stufe I), Akkumulationsstadium (Stufe II), Degranulationsstadium (Stufe III), Stadium der Fibrinbildung (Stufe IV), und Stadium der irreversiblen Aggregation (Stufe V). Nach dosierter Ergometerbelastung waren bei allen Probanden in Blutausstrichen eine Reduktion des Solitärstadiums und ein Anstieg der PAT-Stufen II–V zu ermitteln, mit Ausnahme der Leistungssportler. In Erholungsphasen von 5, 30 und 60 min nach der Belastung war eine deutlich verzögerte Rückkehr irreversibler Aggregate (PAT V), der Plättchenveränderungen im Stadium der Fibrinbildung (PAT IV), und des Degranulationsstadiums bei der Gruppe untrainierter älterer Probanden im Vergleich zu den Leistungssportlern nachweisbar. Die Untersuchungen könnten eine mögliche Erklärung für akute thrombotische Herztodesfälle bei Leistungssportlern sein. Sie sprechen andererseits aber für eine bessere Adaptation des thrombocytären Systems unter körperlicher Belastung bei guter organischer Leistungsfähigkeit Sporttreibender.
    Notes: Summary The morphology of thrombocytes of 45 volunteers in varying conditions of training was analysed under physical stress. The probands were divided in three groups of 15 each. Group X (aged 20–26 years) had occasional gymnastics training. Group Y (aged 44–52 years) was without any physical training, and Group Z consisted of athletes (aged 22–25 years) in good training condition. By means of the platelet aggregation test (PAT), thrombocyte changes were classified in 5 stages: solitary stage (I), accumulation stage (II), degranulation stage (III), fibrin forming stage (IV), irreversible aggregation stage (V). The probands were subjected to ergometer stress in exact dosage. With the exception of the athletes, all blood smears showed a decrease in stage I (solitary), and considerable increase in stages II–V. 5, 30, or 60 min after stress, the return of irreversible aggregates (PAT V), of platelet changes in the fibrin-forming stage (PAT IV), and in the degranulation stage (PAT III), was markedly delayed in Group Y (untrained older persons) when compared with the group of well-trained athletes. The observation may offer an explanation for some cases of acute thrombotic cardiac death among trained athletes. On the other hand, it may prove the better adaptation of the thrombocytic system during physical stress when athletes are in good physical condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia ; Autoimmune thrombocytopenia ; Azathioprine ; Clinical improvement ; Immune response ; Autoimmune Thrombozytopenie ; Autoimmun-hämolytische Anämie ; Azathioprin ; Klinische Besserung ; Immunreaktion nicht beeinflußar
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einer mehrjährigen Verlaufsstudie werden 2 Patienten mit einer Autoimmun-Thrombozytopenie und 2 Patienten mit einer autoimmunhämolytischen Anämie vom Wärme- bzw. Kälteantikörpertyp beschrieben, die nach der Splenektomie und langfristiger Steroidbehandlung keine Dauerremission zeigten. Eine langfristige klinische Besserung wurde durch Azathioprin erreicht. Während der immunsuppressiven Therapie wurden die Titer der Serumimmunglobuline gesenkt. Hierzu korrelierend konnte im Tierversuch eine vergleichbare Abnahme der Serumimmunglobuline nach der Splenektomie bzw. nach der Azathioprinbehandlung beobachtet werden. Im Gegensatz zum klinischen Erfolg der immunsuppressiven Therapie blieben die spezifischen Immunreaktionen der Patienten unbeeinflußt. Im Hinblick auf einen Auslaßversuch von Azathioprin, der zu einer schweren hämorrhagischen Diathese führte, wird hervorgehoben, daß der autoimmunologische Prozeß dieser Erkrankungen nicht unterbrochen wird solange die Autoantiköpertiter in vitro nachzuweisen sind.
    Notes: Summary Despite the clinical improvement in 4 patients with refractory autoimmune thrombocytopenia and autoimmune haemolytic anaemia treated with azathioprine, no decline in the antibody titre was observed whereas the synthesis of immunoglobulins was depressed. In experimental animals, the inhibitory effect of splenectomy and azathioprine on the immunoglobulin synthesis was confirmed. The missing correlation between the clinical improvement and persisting antibody levels is pointed out.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microsystem technologies 4 (1998), S. 122-124 
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Hot embossing is the technique to fabricate high precision and high quality plastic microstructures. Industrial fabrication of plastics components is normally achieved by injection molding. Hot embossing is actually used only for a few optical applications where high precision and high quality are important. The advantages of hot embossing are low material flow, avoiding internal stress which induces e.g. scattering centers infavorable for optical applications, and low flow rates, so more delicate structures can be fabricated, such as free standing thin columns or narrow oblong walls. The development of modular molding equipment, orientated on industrial standards has opened the door to the fabrication of plastic microcomponents in great numbers (for example LIGA-UV/VIS-spectrometers). Hot embossing has the potential of increasing production rates and therefore decreasing production costs by the enlargement of the molding surface and automatization of the molding process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microsystem technologies 2 (1996), S. 104-108 
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract  A technology for the fabrication of movable LIGA-Microstructures by molding was developed, which enables the cheaper production of e.g. LIGA-Acceleration Sensors [1]. For this purpose an aligned molding process had to be developed. The realized experimental setup consists of two subsystems, the molding machine and the alignment arrangement [2]. After aligning a substrate it is transported into the molding machine. An effective and extremely precise dimension translation system is required. Although during molding temperature changes appear and high forces are applied, the dimension stability during the molding process has to be guaranteed. The presented system and setup deals successfully with these conditions. An alignment quality of ±10 μm is realized. Using the aligned molding technology temperature compensated LIGA-acceleration sensors [1] were fabricated. The proper function of the sensors was demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. S126 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 16 (1978), S. 367-373 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 79.20 ; 82.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract O2 exposure of polycrystalline nickel at 300 K results in characteristics changes of secondary ion emission. These can be described by a model which is in good agreement with corresponding LEED, AES, XPS, and ΔΦ results of other authors. According to this model, oxygen can be bonded on Ni in at least five different phases: 1) chemisorption, indicated by a rapid increase of Ni+, Ni 2 + , and Ni2O+ (≦5 L); 2) a rearranged chemisorption layer, characterized by a drastic decrease of Ni+, Ni 2 + , and Ni2O+ (5–15 L); 3) nickel oxide (NiO) responsible for a strong NiO−- and NiO 2 − -emission (≦40 L); 4) oxygen on top of this NiO layer, producing a final increase of Ni+ and NiO+ and a O2-flash signal at 400 K (〉40 L); 5) bulk dissolved oxygen in thermal equilibrium with a chemisorption layer (after several exposure/heating cycles). During ion bombardment of a 100 L O2 exposed Ni surface these different binding states occur in a reversed order of succession. O2-flash signals at 400 and 1100 K, related to drastic changes in secondary ion emission at 400, 700, and 1100 K, reflect the disappearance of various oxygen binding states. The exchange between different oxygen phases was studied by16O2/18O2 isotope experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 22 (1980), S. 35-38 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.70 Tm ; 66.30 Lw
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The diffusion behaviour of implanted boron in silicon was investigated using the10B(n,α)7 Li nuclear reaction. An anomalous behavior with a strong reduction of the diffusivity above an effective solubility limit at 1.5×1019, 6×1019, and 1.1×1020 cm−3 was found for annealing temperatures of 800, 900, and 1,000°C, respectively.
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