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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (2,725)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1975-1979  (2,725)
  • 1978  (2,725)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (2,653)
  • Rat
Source
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (2,725)
Material
Years
  • 1985-1989
  • 1975-1979  (2,725)
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myopathy associated with chronic alcohol drinking (1978)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 378 (1978), S. 45-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Alcohol ; Myopathy ; Histochemistry ; Electrophysiology ; Human ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Muscles of the lower legs of rats given 25% ethanol in water ad libitum for up to 9.5 months were studied using histological, histochemical and electrophysiological techniques. Ethyl alcohol was substituted for about 20% of the total calorific input of the animals. The observations were compared with the structure of the gastrocnemius muscle of five alcoholics with clinical neuropathy. Fibrillation potentials and angulated atrophic fibers were observed in the muscles of animals on alcohol for 9.5 months. No fiber type grouping was present. There was also phagocytosis of the muscle fibers and changes in their internal structure, as reflected by the distribution of NADH-diaphorase. The observed muscle changes in the alcoholics and those in the experimental animals on alcohol differed mainly quantitatively, the only exception being the presence of fiber type grouping in the biopsies from the alcoholics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427185
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blood volume and body haematocrit of rats native to a simulated altitude of 3500 m (1978)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 374 (1978), S. 285-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: High altitude ; Blood volume ; Red cell volume ; Plasma volume ; Body haematocrit ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Circulating blood volume (BV) as the sum of circulating red cell volume (RCV) and plasma volume (PV) was estimated in rats native to a simulated altitude of 3500 m (“natives”), in rats born at sea level and later in life transferred to the simulated high altitude (“newcomers”), and in control sea-level rats. RCV per kg body weight (b.w.) was significantly larger in both “newcomers” and “natives” than in controls. PV per kg b.w. was in the “newcomers” insignificantly and in the “natives” significantly smaller than in the controls. BV per kg b.w. in both high altitude groups tended to be larger than in controls but the difference was not significant. Arterial haematocrit (Ahct) in the “newcomers” was significantly higher than in the controls, and in the “natives” significantly higher than in both other groups. Body haematocrit (the ratio of RCV and BV in per cent) was smaller than Ahct in all groups; this was more pronounced in the “newcomers” than in the controls and even more so in the “natives”. Apparently the haematocrit in the minute vessels of the organs of animals exposed to chronic hypoxic hypoxia increases much less than might be expected from changes of the Ahct. An attempt was made to evaluate the possible error of the more commonly used method of estimating BV, when only RCV, or only PV, is measured, and BV and its complementary fraction are calculated from arterial or venous haematocrit. When, in our results, BV was calculated from RCV and Ahct, the absolute values and also the differences between groups were somewhat underestimated. When BV was calculated from PV and Ahct, the BV itself, and particularly the differences between groups, were overestimated quite considerably. It is suggested that the only safe way to estimate BV is to measure RCV and PV separately.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00585606
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of polyphloretin phosphate on the central effects of prostaglandin E2 and F2α in rats (1978)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 59 (1978), S. 273-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Polyphloretin phosphate ; Prostaglandins ; Behaviour ; Temperature ; Bram biogenic amines ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The possibility that polyphloretin phosphate (PPP) antagonizes the central effects elicited by prostaglandin (PG) E2 and F2α was investigated. PPP was administered i.c.v. to male Wistar rats (10 or 25 μg) 10 or 30 min before i.c.v. injection of PGE2 or PGF2α (1 or 10 μg). The duration of several components of behavior, the degree of irritability, and the rectal temperature of rats were measured; the levels of noradrenaline, dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were measured spectrophotofluorometrically in discrete brain areas. PPP antagonized temperature and behavioral changes induced in rats by PGF2α, but not those induced by PGE2. The magnitude of antagonism depended on the dose of PPP and on the time of the pretreatment before PGF2α administration. Changes in the level of biogenic amines in discrete brain areas evoked by PGs were not affected by PPP. We found that PPP antagonizes the central effects of PGF2α but not those of PGE2, and that changes of biogenic amines in discrete brain areas elicited by PGs are not specific.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426634
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concentrative amino acid uptake at the serosal side of colon mucosa (1978)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 376 (1978), S. 245-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Colon ; Amino acid uptake ; Basolateral membrane ; Active transport ; Sheep ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Uptake of the nonmetabolizable model amino acid 2-aminoisobutyric acid (=AIB) through the basolateral membrane into epithelial cells was studied in sheep colon stripped of serosa and muscle layers. Only the antiluminal surface of the mucosa was exposed to the incubation medium. Thus AIB entry into epithelial cells could only occur through the basolateral membrane. AIB was taken up by a saturable process against a high concentration gradient. AIB uptake was inhibited by other neutral amino acids but not by sugars. In a low Na+ medium AIB uptake was impaired, indicating that active transport of amino acids through the basolateral membrane of colon epithelial cells is Na+-dependent. In the rat a saturable concentrative uptake of AIB through the basolateral membrane of colon epithelial cells has also been demonstrated. Concentrative uptake of amino acids through the basolateral membranes is probably important for the supply of colon epithelium with amino acids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00584958
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of glomerular filtration rate on renal PAH secretion rate in the rat kidney (1978)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 375 (1978), S. 131-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: PAH clearance ; PAH extraction ; Glomerular filtration rate ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PAH secretion (TPAH) was studied in rats at spontaneously occurring glomerular filtration rate (GFR). At saturated transport, TPAH was found to be correlated to GFR. This relationship was also observed at unsaturated transport where TPAH depends upon the PAH concentration in arterial plasma. However, no significant correlation between TPAH and renal PAH load or renal plasma flow rate was found when the effects of GFR were removed by partial correlation analysis. A dependency of TPAH on GFR explains the correlations found between filtration fraction (FF) and renal PAH extraction (EPAH) or renal tubular PAH extraction fraction (EPAH-FFPAH). Thus, even at low PAH concentration in a. plasma, renal PAH extraction may only be assumed to be constant if the filtration fraction is constant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00584235
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blood gases at several levels of oxygenation in rats with a left-shifted blood oxygen dissociation curve (1978)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 376 (1978), S. 7-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Oxygen dissociation curve ; Oxygen transport ; Blood gases ; Hypoxia ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Theoretical deductions have shown that a shift of the blood O2 dissociation curve (ODC) to the right might improve O2 transport to tissues at normoxia and at mild hypoxia whereas at severe hypoxia the organism should be better off with an ODC shifted to the left (Turek et al., 1973b; Turek and Kreuzer, 1976). The present study was performed in order to ascertain this ambiguous effect of an ODC shift depending on the degree of hypoxia in intact animals. A major displacement of the ODC to the left was achieved in rats by chronic administration of sodium cyanate (NaOCN). Control animals received sodium chloride (NaCl) instead. Arterial and mixed-venous $$P_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} }$$ , $$P_{{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}} }$$ , and pH were measured at normoxia and during breathing 14.9, 8.0, or 5.6% O2 in N2 in both groups. From $$P_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} }$$ , pH, ODC and arterial hematocrit, arterial and mixed-venous O2 contents were estimated and $$({\text{a}} - {\text{v)}}_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} }$$ as an index of blood O2 extraction was obtained. At normoxia and during breathing 14.9% O2 the NaOCN rats had a lower mixed-venous $$P_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} }$$ than the NaCl rats without any difference in pH. Arterio-venous O2 difference did not differ at normoxia but was lower in NaOCN rats at 14.9% O2. However, at 8.0 and 5.6% O2 the NaOCN rats had a higher mixed-venous $$P_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} }$$ , an increased $$({\text{a}} - {\text{v)}}_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} }$$ , and a higher pH (arterial and mixed-venous). At 5.6% O2 the NaCl rats developed a severe acidosis concomitant with pronounced hypocapnia. These findings confirm that rats with a left-shifted ODC have an impaired O2 transport to tissues at normoxia and mild hypoxia but a more efficient O2 transport at severe hypoxia as compared with rats with an unshifted ODC, in agreement with our previous theoretical studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00585241
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blood O2 content, cardiac output, and flow to organs at several levels of oxygenation in rats with a left-shifted blood oxygen dissociation curve (1978)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 376 (1978), S. 201-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Oxygen dissociation curve ; Oxygen transport ; Cardiac output ; Coronary blood flow ; Blood flow to organs ; Hypoxia ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A major displacement of the blood O2 dissociation curve (ODC) was achieved in rats by chronic administration of sodium cyanate (NaOCN). Control animals with a normal position of the ODC received NaCl instead. Arterial and mixed-venous O2 content ( $${\text{C}}_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} }$$ ) and O2 consumption were measured during breathing room air, 14.9, 8.0, or 5.6% O2 in N2. Cardiac output was obtained by the Fick principle.86RbCl was administered i.v., the rats were killed and the activity of86Rb in heart, spleen, stomach and intestines, liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, and skin was measured. According to Sapirstein (1956, 1958) the fractional uptake of86Rb in these organs corresponds to the fractions of cardiac output supplying these organs, and from the fractional uptake and cardiac output the nutritional blood flow may be calculated. Arterial and mixed-venous $${\text{C}}_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} }$$ was larger in the NaOCN than in the NaCl rats at all levels of oxygenation. At normoxia and 14.9% O2 the venous $${\text{C}}_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} }$$ was enlarged more than the arterial one, and so the arterio-venous O2 difference [ $$\left( {{\text{a}} - {\text{v}}} \right)_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} }$$ ] as an index of the O2 extraction in the body was smaller in the rats with a left-shifted ODC. However, at more severe hypoxia (8.0 and 5.6% O2) the arterial $${\text{C}}_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} }$$ in the NaOCN rats was enlarged more than the mixed-venous one, resulting in a larger $$\left( {{\text{a}} - {\text{v}}} \right)_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} }$$ (and therefore O2 extraction) when compared with the NaCl animals. Cardiac output was larger in the NaOCN than in the NaCl rats at 14.9 and 5.6% O2, when expressed per kg body weight. At 14.9% O2 the augmented cardiac output compensated for the lower O2 extraction when compared with the NaCl animals. At 5.6% O2 the NaOCN rats had both a larger ( $$\left( {{\text{a}} - {\text{v}}} \right)_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} }$$ ) and cardiac output than the NaCl animals. In the NaCl rats the decreased O2 extraction was not compensated for by an augmented cardiac output and therefore their O2 consumption was not only lower than that of the NaOCN rats but decreased even below the normoxic value of the NaCl rats. Coronary blood flow was increased in both NaOCN and NaCl animals at deep hypoxia to about the same extent, but due to a much lower arterial $${\text{C}}_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} }$$ of the NaCl animals, their O2 supply to the heart was lower than that of the NaOCN rats. The nutritional blood flow to spleen, kidney, liver, stomach and intestines, and skin in ml/min · g was lower in the rats with a normal position of the ODC than in those with a left-shifted ODC. This, together with the low arterial $${\text{C}}_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} }$$ of the NaCl rats, suggests a serious compromising of the O2 supply to these organs. Results of this study support the conclusion of our theoretical studies (Turek et al., 1973; Turek and Kreuzer, 1976) that a shift of the ODC to the left might be disadvantageous for the O2 transport to tissues at mild hypoxia, but advantageous at severe hypoxia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00584951
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arterial blood gases, muscle fiber diameter and intercapillary distance in cardiac hypertrophy of rats with an old myocardial infarction (1978)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 376 (1978), S. 209-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Blood gases ; Cardiac hypertrophy ; Intercapillary distance ; Myocardial infarction ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In rats with a myocardial infarction due to ligation of the left coronary artery a marked right ventricular hypertrophy developed after 41/2 weeks. At this time no difference against control animals was observed in arterial $$P_{{\text{O}}_2 }$$ , $$P_{{\text{CO}}_2 }$$ , pH, ideal alveolar $$P_{{\text{O}}_2 }$$ , and alveolar-arterial O2 pressure difference, as measured in unanesthetized animals at normoxia. In histological sections of the heart stained by PAS reaction capillaries and muscle fibers were counted, and the mean intercapillary distance and muscle fiber diameter were estimated. In the right ventricle of the rats with myocardial infarction both increased when compared with control animals or with sham-operated rats. Fibercapillary ratio was the same in all three groups. Similar results were obtained in the remaining undamaged tissue of the left ventricle of rats with a myocardial infarction when compared with the left ventricle of control or sham-operated rats. Findings concerning intercapillary distance suggest that also in the myocardium which remains intact during the development of the infarction and later hypertrophies, tissue oxygen transport might be impaired, particularly during a stress situation. Results in the right ventricle of rats with myocardial infarction show an opposite trend against rats exposed chronically to simulated high altitude, where in the hypertrophied right ventricle a shorter intercapillary distance occurs and therefore an improvement of tissue oxygen transport might be expected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00584952
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 4-(3-cyclopentyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-pyrrolidone (ZK 62711) on gastric secretion and gastric mucosal cyclic AMP (1978)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 304 (1978), S. 69-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Gastric secretion ; Cyclic AMP ; Phosphodiesterase inhibitor ; Rat ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 4-(3-cyclopentyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-pyrrolidone (ZK 62711) on gastric secretion and the cyclic AMP system of the gastric mucosa was studied in rats and guinea pigs. In rats, 0.03–0.3 μmoles/kg ZK 62711 i.v. stimulated acid and pepsin secretion in a dose-dependent manner and 0.03 μmoles/kg i.v. enhanced the effect of histamine. In guinea pigs no reproducible stimulation was found after intravenous injections of ZK 62711. The stimulation of gastric secretion in the rat by 0.3 μmoles/kg ZK 62711 i.v. was not affected by vagotomy but was totally inhibited by 10 μmoles/kg cimetidine i.v. The structurally related phosphodiesterase inhibitor, 4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidine (Ro 20-1724), at the dose of 3.3 μmoles/kg i.v. stimulated gastric secretion in anaesthetised rats to a similar extent as 0.3 μmoles/kg ZK 62711 i.v. The content of cyclic AMP in the rat gastric mucosa in vivo was slightly increased by 10 μmoles/kg ZK 62711 i.v, whereas lower doses did not change it. Accumulation of cyclic AMP in the rat gastric mucosa by 50 μmoles/kg histamine i.v. was enhanced by simultaneous injections of 3.3 μmoles/kg ZK 62711 i.v. In rat gastric tissue slices in vitro 1–50 μM ZK 62711 increased the level of cyclic AMP but 100 μM histamine had no effect in the absence or presence of ZK 62711. In gastric mucosal slices of the guinea pig 10 and 50 μM ZK 62711 increased the cyclic AMP content which effect was inhibited by 100 μM cimetidine and enhanced the stimulatory effect of 100 μM histamine on cyclic AMP. The activity of soluble cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase was inhibited by ZK 62711 in the rat (IC50=18 μM) and guinea pig gastric mucosa (IC50=1.5 μM). Adenylate cyclase was not affected in the homogenate of the guinea pig gastric mucosa. The results indicate that the phosphodiesterase inhibitor ZK 62711 which increases cyclic AMP levels in the gastric mucosa in vivo and in vitro, is a potent stimulator of gastric acid secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00501379
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the presence and distribution of α-adrenoceptors in the heart of various mammalian species (1978)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 302 (1978), S. 239-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Myocardial α-adrenoceptors ; Rat ; Guinea pig ; Cat ; Hypothyroidism ; Single adrenoceptor type
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The presence and distribution of myocardial α-adrenoceptors in different parts of the heart of various mammalian species was investigated. For this reason experiments were performed in isolated cardiac preparations of rats, guinea pigs and cats. In order to obtain more information about the nature of the cardiac α-adrenoceptors additional experiments were undertaken at different temperatures. These studies were aimed to show whether or not a conversion of β-to α-adrenoceptors or vice versa takes place. Moreover, we analyzed the influence of hypothyroidism on the sensitivity of α- and β-adrenoceptors of preparations from rats fed with propylthiouracil. Finally, we tried to find out whether stimulation of these α-adrenoceptors leads to the formation of the cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP. The following results were obtained: 1. In right ventricular strips of rats, guinea pigs and cats phenylephrine stimulated α-adrenoceptors. After blockade of β-adrenoceptors the respective pD2-values of phenylephrine were 5.32, 5.99 and 5.33. The doseresponse curves obtained in the presence of α-adrenolytic drugs were shifted to the right without depression of the maximum. In the rat, in addition, the pA2-values for the α-adrenolytic drugs yohimbine (5.79) and phentolamine (7.85) were determined. They were at least 0.5 log units higher than those found in the rat for other α-adrenoceptors (Van Rossum, 1965) thus supporting the view that the population of cardiac α-adrenoceptors is different from that of other organs. In left ventricular strips of guinea pigs the pD2-value for the α-mimetic effect of phenylephrine was of the same order of magnitude as that obtained in the right ventricle. 2. In the papillary muscle of the right ventricle of guinea pigs and cats phenylephrine stimulated α-adrenoceptors. 3. In the left atrium of the rat, phenylephrine stimulated myocardial α-adrenoceptors (pD2: 5.58). Also in this preparation the pA2-values for yohimbine (6.36) and phentolamine (8.21) were different from those found for other α-adrenoceptors in the rat (Van Rossum, 1965). Likewise in strips from the left atrium of the cat myocardial α-adrenoceptors are present. 4. In spontaneously beating right atria of the rat a clear-cut positive chronotropic effect mediated by stimulation of α-adrenoceptors could not be demonstrated although in 6 out of 15 preparations a small positive chronotropic effect became evident. No positive chronotropic effect at all was obtained by stimulation of α-adrenoceptors in the cat right atrium. 5. In ventricular strips as well as in left atria from hypothyroid rats the pD2-value for the α-effect of phenylephrine was increased, in the atrium more than in the ventricle, while the pA2-values for yohimbine and phentolamine were not significantly different from the controls. Under these conditions a distinct positive chronotropic effect mediated by stimulation of α-receptors was found in the spontaneously beating rat atrium. 6. After stimulation of α-adrenoceptors in atria and ventricular strips of normal and propylthiouraciltreated rats, as well as in strips of guinea-pig ventricles or cat atria no elevation of cAMP and cGMP was observed. 7. The concept of a single adrenoceptor convertible from α- to β-type or vice versa was not supported by our experiments. These were carried out at different temperatures on left atria and on ventricular strips of rat hearts using the irreversible α-adrenoceptor blocking agent phenoxybenzamine. 8. The present experiments provide evidence for the existence of α-adrenoceptors in the myocardium of various mammalian species. Their stimulation produces positive inotropic effects without increases in heart rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00508293
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diurnal variations in the motor activity of the rat: Effects of inhibitors of the catecholamine synthesis (1978)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 303 (1978), S. 251-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Diurnal rhythm ; Motor activity ; Rat ; H 44/68 ; FLA 63 ; Animex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of the inhibitor of the tyrosine-hydroxylase H 44/68 and the inhibitor of the dopamine-β-hydroxylase FLA 63 on the diurnal variations of the motor activity was studied in male Wistar rats, which were kept under standardized conditions of light and darkness (L:D=12:12h). The motor activity was continuously registered in groups of 5 rats using a two-channel Animex motimeter. During light FLA 63 (40 mg/kg, s.c.) greatly increased motor activity on acute application and during darkness the physiological elevation in motor activity was further but slightly increased. H 44/68 (200 mg/kg, i.p.) also increased motor activity during light, but in contrast to FLA 63 greatly reduced motor activity during darkness. The results indicate that though dopamine and noradrenaline are involved in the regulation of behavioural components, one or the other catecholamine may play a predominant role at different times of the day. Thus, it seems worthwhile to study the effects of drugs separately during light and during darkness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00498051
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of some neuroleptics on the interaction of cortically and nigrally evoked potentials in the rat striatum (1978)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 303 (1978), S. 165-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Striatum ; Evoked potentials ; Neuroleptics ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The interaction of cortico- and nigrofugal inputs to the striatum of the rat was investigated using the technique of evoked potentials. Repetitive, unilateral stimulation of the substantia nigra inhibited potentials which were evoked from the ipsilateral rostral cortex and recorded from the ipsilateral striatum. The inhibition was antagonized by low doses of various intraperitoneally administered neuroleptics such as: pimozide (0.1–0.2 mg/kg), haloperidol (0.1–0.5 mg/kg), chlorpromazine (0.5–2.0 mg/kg) and thioridazine azine (0.5–4.0 mg/kg). These findings are discussed in view of the existing controversy regarding the mode of action of dopamine in the striatum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00508063
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diurnal rhythm in the central dopamine turnover in the rat (1978)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 303 (1978), S. 257-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Diurnal rhythm ; Central noradrenaline and dopamine turnover ; H 44/68 ; FLA 63 ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Under controlled conditions of environmental light and darkness of 12:12 h the turnover of dopamine and noradrenaline in brain of male Wistar rats was studied at different times of the day. The turnover was calculated from the decline of the amine concentrations either after inhibition of the tyrosine-hydroxylase with H 44/68 (200 mg/kg, i.p.) or after inhibition of the dopamine-β-hydroxylase with FLA 63 (40 mg/kg s.c.). Whereas the noradrenaline turnover showed only slight but not significant variations within 24 h, the turnover of the central dopamine exhibited significant variations with increased turnover rates in the second half of the light and first half of the dark period. Thus, diurnal variations have to be taken into account when studying the effects of drugs on the turnover of biogenic amines in the central nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00498052
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perhexiline induces generalized lipidosis in rats (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 56 (1978), S. 309-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Perhexilin-Maleat ; generalisierte Lipidose ; Ratte ; Perhexiline maleate ; Generalized lipidosis ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Administration of perhexiline (Pexide®) to rats causes generalized occurrence of lamellated and crystalloid cytoplasmic inclusions which resemble those described in patients with perhexiline-induced polyneuropathy. It is concluded that perhexiline being an amphiphilic cationic compound is a potent inducer of generalized lipidosis.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Perhexilin (Pexid®) verursacht bei der Ratte das generalisierte Auftreten von lamellären und kristalloiden zytoplasmatischen Einschlußkörpern, die denjenigen gleichen, die bei Patienten mit Perhexilin-induzierter Polyneuropathie beschrieben worden sind. Aus den vorgelegten Befunden wird geschlossen, daß Perhexilin, eine amphiphile kationische Verbindung, ein starker Induktor einer generalisierten Lipidose ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01489178
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo DNA repair after N-methyl-N-nitrosourea administration to rats of different ages (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 91 (1978), S. 157-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: MNU ; DNA Repair ; Rat ; Age
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary DNA repair time-course was studied after injury by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) in rat liver cells of animals of different ages and in fetuses using hydroxyurea (HU) as inhibitor of scheduled DNA synthesis. DNA repair was a rapid phenomenon, more so in young adults than in newborns, and was not detectable in fetuses. A correlation seems to exist among organ sensitivity to carcinogen, age of animal and DNA repair.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00284022
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning electron microscopical study on the fluorosis of enamel in rats (1978)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 25 (1978), S. 75-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Rat ; Fluorosis ; Enamel ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Low temperature incineration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Sixteen 58-day-old male rats of Wistar strain, with a mean body weight of 179 g, were divided into two equal groups. Each group of eight animals was maintained for 70 days on drinking water, ad lib., containing no fluorine (control group) and 100 ppm of fluorine (experimental group). All specimens examined were obtained from the incisal portions of the incisors. The following types of enamel specimens were prepared for scanning electron microscopy: (1) acid-etched specimens; (2) acid-etched specimens followed by low temperature microincineration; and (3) fractured specimens. The enamel formed during high fluoride exposure showed marked hypocalcification, that is, the crystallite density in the prism core and interprismatic region was lower than that of control animals. The organic substances appeared to increase in these regions. These changes were prominent in the outer and middle enamel layers. Such changes following fluoride administration appear to indicate an inhibition of enamel maturation, that is, an inhibition of the mineral deposition and/or an inhibition of organic matrix withdrawal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02010754
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning electron microscopic studies of ileal epithelial cells in suckling rats (1978)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 153 (1978), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Ileal epithelial cell ; Suckling period ; Rat ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ileal epithelial cells containing the tubulo-vacuolar systems and supranuclear vacuoles in suckling rats were investigated with scanning electron microscopy, using specimens treated with osmium-thiocarbohydrazide-osmium staining methods, and critical point drying and cracking. The cracked surface of the apical cytoplasm is seen as irregular and small hollows and pores of the anastomosing and branching tubulo-vacuolar system. The cracked surface of the supranuclear vacuoles shows the ellipsoidal structures. Numerous pores of various size and irregular shape are present on the apical inner surface of the supranuclear vacuole. These pores are clearly the openings from the tubulo-vacuolar system to the supranuclear vacuole. Some small pores are visible on the inner lateral surface of the supranuclear vacuole, especially near the nucleus. They are probably the pathways of the absorbed materials from the supranuclear vacuole into the lateral cytoplasm. Usually, the inclusions of the supranuclear vacuole reveal the globes or coarse and sponge-like networks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00569845
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Der Sauerstoffverbrauch des spontanen und künstlich induzierten Hautcyclus zu verschiedenen Tageszeiten (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 262 (1978), S. 167-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Rat ; Oxygen uptake ; Induced skincycle ; Spontaneous skincycle ; Diurnal rhythm ; Ratte ; Sauerstoffverbrauch ; Induzierter Hautcyclus ; Spontaner Hautcyclus ; Tagesschwankung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der vom Panniculus carnosus gereinigten “glatten” Rattenhaut wurde der Sauerstoffverbrauch des spontanen und induzierten Hautcyclus zu verschiedenen Tageszeiten ermittelt. Das Niveau des Sauerstoffverbrauches korrelierte mit den Tag-Nacht-Zeiten. Der Sauerstoffverbrauch zeigte während des Hautcyclus Schwankungen. Ferner fanden sich Anhaltspunkte, daß der frühanagene Wert des Sauerstoffverbrauches von der Cyclusphase mit beeinflußt wird, während welcher der neue Cyclus künstlich induziert wird. Weiter wurde festgestellt, daß eine gewisse Abnahme des Sauerstoffverbrauches die ruhenden Haarfollikel zur spontanen Proliferation anregt. Während des Katagen schien der Maximalwert des Sauerstoffverbrauches mit speziellen morphofunktionellen perifollikulären Veränderungen in Beziehung zu stehen. Die Übertragung dieser Befunde auf die Pathophysiologie menschlicher Haarwachstumsstörungen wird erwogen.
    Notes: Summary In the “clean” rat skin purified from the panniculus carnosus the oxygen consumption of the spontaneous and artificially induced skincycle was measured at different times of day. The level of oxygen consumption correlated to diurnal and nocturnal periods. During the skincycle the oxygen consumption showed fluctuations. There were indications that the value of oxygen consumption of the early anagen is influenced by that phase of the cycle at which the new cycle is artificially induced. Furthermore, it was found that a certain decrease of oxygen consumption stimulates the quiescent hair follicles to spontaneous proliferation. During the katagen the peak value of the oxygen consumption seemed to be correlated with specially morphofunctional perifollicular changes. The application of these findings to the pathophysiology of human hair growth disturbances is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00455386
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  • 19
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    Electronic Resource
    Normal and 6-aminonicotinamide impaired development of capillarization in occipital cortex of rat (1978)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 154 (1978), S. 27-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Capillarization ; Cortex ; Rat ; 6-Aminonicotinamide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary During different embryonic and postnatal stages, 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN) was administered to Wistar albino rats. The capillarization of the occipital cortex has been examined morphometrically. A 6-AN-vulnerable stage of prenatal development was found, which lasted to the 19th prenatal day and which only partly corresponds to the so-called ‘critical stage’ of capillary sprouting (Kapillarsprossung). Capillary sprouting was not impaired by 6-AN during postnatal stages. Impairment of capillarization by 6-AN might be the result of glial lesion. The importance of glia for capillarization is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317952
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pre- and postnatal development of catecholamine-containing and cholinesterase-positive nerves of the rat cornea and iris (1978)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 154 (1978), S. 253-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Rat ; Iris ; Cornea ; Catecholamine fluorescence ; Cholinesterase ; Histochemistry ; Ontogenesis ; Catecholamines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence technique and a copper thiocholine method were used to investigate the ontogenesis of the catecholamine-containing and cholinesterase-positive nerves of the rat iris and cornea. First fluorescent nerve fibres appeared in the iris on the 18th gestation day and in the cornea on the 19th day. A rapid increase in the density of the adrenergic nerve fibres of the iris continued to the age of three weeks, while the number of such fibres were small in the cornea. Acetylcholinesterase-positive fibres appeared both in the cornea and in the iris on the 19th gestation day. Their density increased more rapidly in the iris, especially in the sphincter muscle, than in the cornea. Non-specific cholinesterase activity was localized in the Schwann cells and the reaction was more intense during development than in the nerves of the cornea of adult rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00345656
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental organization of raphe serotonin neuron groups in the rat (1978)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 154 (1978), S. 241-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Nervous system ; Serotonin ; Raphe nuclei ; Development ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pre- and early postnatal development of serotonin neurons in the rat brainstem was studied using the fluorescence histochemical method. The technique utilized does not require drug pretreatment to visualize an intense serotonin fluorophore localized in neuronal perikarya, dendrites, and axons. All the serotonin neuron groups develop as bilateral nuclei which extend from the midbrain through the medulla. Six of the nine groups undergo a midline fusion from embryonic day 18 (E 18) through postnatal day 6 (P 6) in a rostrocaudal gradient. Cells of the nucleus raphe dorsalis fuse first (by P1), whereas the serotonin neurons located in nucleus raphe pallidus do not fuse until P 6. This gradient is comparable to the one described for the first observable fluorescence in the serotonin neurons groups. After final cell division, the serotonin neurons undergo a primary migration from the ventricular zone along the midline, where they are situated during embryogenesis, and a secondary migration extending into postnatal life which concludes with fusion in the midline. The bilateral origins of the serotonin cell groups are maintained in the adult. This is expressed by the apparent ipsilateral projections of some of the raphe neurons determined recently in our laboratory utilizing autoradiographic and horseradish peroxidase techniques.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00345655
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological changes in CNS of rats treated with perhexiline maleate (Pexid) (1978)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 42 (1978), S. 159-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Perhexiline maleate ; Pexid ; Abnormal inclusion ; Rat ; CNS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The basic cellular lesion in CNS of suckling rats treated with Pexid was studied by light and electron microscopy. The most pronounced abnormality, the formation of various intracytoplasmic inclusions, was found in neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. These abnormal inclusions were generally membrane-bound, although clearly non-membrane-bound inclusions were occasionally found. The several internal patterns of the inclusions were (1) lamellar, both concentric and parallel, (2) reticular and (3) crystalloid. These alterations were completely resersed following withdrawal of the drug. The structural characteristics of the abnormal inclusions in Pexid-treated animals were similar to those found with certain hypocholesterolemic, neuroleptic, anorectic, and antimalarial drugs. This suggests that the inclusions occurring within the cells of animals treated with any of these drugs may develop in a similar manner, and that the formation of such inclusions is likely to be a form of cellular reaction common to certain metabolic disturbances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690352
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Schwann cells and peripheral nervous system myelin in the rat retina (1978)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 44 (1978), S. 245-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Schwann cells ; PNS myelin ; Retina ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Within the retinal nerve fiber layer of a 6-week-old Sprague-Dawley rat, scattered aggregates of PNS myelinated axons have been found and described. We believe this is likely to represent a normal but rare phenomenon in the rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691075
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of rat alkaline phosphatase (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 39 (1978), S. 249-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Rat ; Alkaline phosphatase ; Plasma ; Organs ; Toxicity testing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A manual system of various estimations of rat plasma alkaline phosphatase activity has been devised for small volumes of plasma which uses different inhibitors, compares the utilisation of two substrates and includes acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The different inhibitors etc. allow a degree of discrimination between alkaline phosphatase extracts of rat organs. The properties of isoenzymes, e.g. intestinal alkaline phosphatase, differ depending upon the environment in which they are studied. In conjunction, if necessary, with the methods described for the estimation of liver and intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity, it is hoped to use the system to discriminate between the isoenzymes present in the plasma alkaline phosphatase of rats in toxicological studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296386
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distention ulcer as a model for testing of drugs for ulcerogenic side effects (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 41 (1978), S. 99-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Rat ; Method ; Gastric ulceration ; Distention of stomach ; Stress ; Anti-inflammatory drugs ; Ulcerogenic side effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das sog. „distention“-Ulkus wurde an Albinoratten untersucht und als neue Möglichkeit für die Feststellung ulzerogener Nebenwirkungen von Substanzen beschrieben. Die Dehnung des Magens in sich war nicht ausreichend um ulzerogene Läsionen auszulösen, denn die Dehnung des Magens mit physiologischer Kochsalzlösung führte nicht zur Ulzeration. Die Säure ist ein entscheidender Faktor in der Bildung des „distention“-Ulkus. Große Volumina von 0,1 N Salzsäure riefen innerhalb von 1 Std massive Ulzeration hervor. Kleine Mengen von dieser Säurelösung verursachten keine Ulzeration im Magen. Entzündungshemmer, die in noch von ulzerogenen Nebenwirkungen freien therapeutischen Dosen verabreicht wurden, erhöhten die Empfindlichkeit der gastralen Mukosa dem aggressiven Faktor, der Säure, gegenüber. Bei den mit bekanntlich ulzerogen wirkenden Dosen von Entzündungshemmern vorbehandelten Ratten wurde eine schnellere Bildung von Ulzera durch die Dehnung des Magens mit Säure beobachtet. Auch die Stressvorbehandlung beschleunigte und verstärkte die Bildung der durch Dehnung hervorgerufenen ulzerogenen Veränderungen im Magen.
    Notes: Abstract A modification of the distention ulcer was studied in albino rats and a new possibility of testing ulcerogenic side effects of drugs was described. The distention alone was not sufficient to produce lesions. The severity of ulcer lesions was highly dependent on the volume of the acid solution. Large volumes of 0.1 N HCl evoked severe ulcers within 1 h. Small amounts of weak acid solution did not cause any ulceration. Anti-inflammatory drugs administered in therapeutic doses, which did not yet produce any ulcers in animals, increased the sensitivity of the gastric mucosa against the aggresive factor, the acid. In animals pretreated by anti-inflammatory drugs in toxic doses an earlier development of ulceration was observed by distention with acid. Stress also accelerated and aggravated the formation of distention ulcers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00351774
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of acute and chronic cadmium treatment on hepatic drug metabolism in male rats (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 40 (1978), S. 269-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Drug Metabolism ; Metallothionein ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of acute and chronic cadmium administration on hepatic drug metabolism was investigated in the male rat. 3 days after the acute administration of cadmium by either the intraperitoneal (0.84 mg Cd/kg) or the oral (〉 80 mg Cd/kg) route, there was a significant potentiation in duration of hexobarbital hypnosis and inhibition of hepatic microsomal metabolism of hexobarbital and aniline. Administration of cadmium in the drinking water at levels of 100 or 200 ppm Cd for periods of 2–12 weeks or at levels of 5 or 20 ppm Cd for 50 weeks did not produce alterations in either drug response or hepatic drug metabolism. Significant levels of metallothionein, a cadmium binding protein, found in the liver of the rats receiving cadmium chronically may offer an explanation for the observed differences in drug metabolism between the acute and chronic administration of cadmium. In additional studies, pretreatment of the rats with subthreshold doses of cadmium (0.21 or 0.42 mg Cd/kg) intraperitoneally produced a tolerance to the alterations in drug metabolism induced by the previous cadmium dose (0.84 mg Cd/kg, i.p.). However, chronic cadmium treatment (5 or 20 ppm Cd for 50 weeks) did not impart any such tolerance to subsequently administered Cd (0.84 mg/kg) by the intraperitoneal route. The hepatic levels of metallothionein induced by the chronic cadmium treatment were only 30–60% of those induced by the subthreshold cadmium and thus may not have bound enough of the large challenge cadmium dose to produce the tolerance phenomenon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310332
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of rat alkaline phosphatase (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 39 (1978), S. 267-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Rat ; Plasma ; Alkaline phosphatase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This report describes the application of a test system which applies different substrates, inhibitors and acrylamide electrophoresis to the study of the alkaline phosphatase activity of rats. The system, which was specifically devised to characterise the alkaline phosphatase activity of small quantities of plasma from rats in toxicological studies, was also used to examine the plasma from rats under several physiological conditions, e.g. time of day, age, diet, etc. These physiological factors can influence the measurement of plasma alkaline phosphatase activity and should be taken into account when designing toxicological studies. Different experimental regimes were used to produce increases in liver, bone and intestinal alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in the plasma of rats and these were reflected in the characterisations by the system. Although much remains unknown, a few concepts of rat plasma alkaline phosphatase activity emerged under our conditions. There is a ‘tidal’ intestinal component which arises from feeding and is approximately 60% of the total activity of the fed rat. In the fasted rat this ‘tidal’ component has largely disappeared and the ‘core’ activity which remains is composed of approximately equal proportions of bone isoenzyme and another as yet ill-defined component. The liver isoenzyme which appears in the plasma of the cholestatic rat appears to be either a very minor component or absent from the plasma of our normal CFE derived rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296387
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  • 28
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    Electronic Resource
    Accelerated elimination of thallium in the rat due to subchronic treatment with furosemide (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 40 (1978), S. 7-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Thallium ; Furosemide ; Acetazolamide ; Renal elimination ; Oral absorption ; 204Tl ; Kidney ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Rahmen einer Untersuchung über das Schicksal von Thallium im Organismus und über den Einfluß von Diuretika auf die Eliminationsgeschwindigkeit dieses Giftes wurde Tl2SO4 (48.9 μmol = 10 mg/kg) an wachen Ratten oral verabreicht. Die Blutspiegel von Tl+ wurden anschließend als Funktion der Zeit ermittelt, sie konnten mit einer klassischen Bateman-Funktion nicht richtig beschrieben werden. Etwa l Std nach oraler Verabreichung war die Blutkonzentration maximal. Die Behandlung mit Furosemid (30 mg/kg) beschleunigte die Entfernung von Thallium aus dem Organismus auf signifikante Weise. Etwa 35% der zugeführten Menge Thallium wurde während einer Woche nach der Injektion dieses Diuretikums mit dem Urin ausgeschieden. Auch die Ausscheidung von Natriumionen und Wasser war signifikant erhöht, die von Kaliumionen blieb jedoch fast unverändert. Thallium selbst verursachte eine schwache diuretische Wirkung. Nach fortgesetzter Behandlung mit Furosemid (bis 2 Wochen) blieb die Eliminationsgeschwindigkeit von Thallium, Wasser und Natrium beschleunigt, während die Ausscheidung von Kaliumionen im Vergleich zu Kontrolltieren etwas herabgesetzt war. Ethacrynsäure verursachte nach wiederholter Gabe in diuretisch wirksamen Dosen eine retroperitoneale Fibrose. Dieses wirksame Diuretikum konnte daher nicht in die Untersuchung einbezogen werden. Acetazolamid (30 mg/kg) erhöhte ebenfalls die Ausscheidung von Thallium, vor allem innerhalb der anfänglichen 24 Std. Die Wirkung war weniger intensiv als die von Furosemid, sie war außerdem bald erschöpft. Die Ergebnisse legen den Schluß nahe, Furosemid in hohen Dosen sei eine wirksame Maßnahme zur Beschleunigung der Thalliumentfernung aus dem Organismus, zumindest im vorliegenden Tiermodell. Acetazolamid ist zu diesem Zwecke wahrscheinlich nicht geeignet.
    Notes: Abstract In connection with a programme of investigations concerning the disposition of thallium in the rat and the influence of diuretic agents on the rate of elimination of thallium from the body, Tl2SO4 (48.9 μmol = 10 mg/kg) was given by mouth to conscious rats. Blood levels were studied as a function of time. They could not be described adequately by means of a classical Bateman function. The maximum blood level was achieved approximately 1 h following oral ingestion. Treatment with furosemide for 11 days (30 mg/kg twice daily) significantly accelerated the removal of thallium from the body with the urine. Approximately 35% of the administered thallium was excreted within one week following the injection of this diuretic agent. The excretion of sodium and water was also considerably enhanced, that of potassium hardly changed. Thallium itself displayed weak diuretic activity. Upon prolonged treatment (1–2 weeks) with furosemide the elimination of thallium, water and Na+ was still accelerated, although that of potassium proved diminished with respect to controls. Ethacrynic acid when administered repeatedly in appropriate doses caused retroperitoneal fibrosis. Therefore, this potent diuretic agent was not included in the investigations. Acetazolamide (30 mg/kg) also enhanced the excretion of thallium, especially within the initial 24 h of treatment. The effect was less pronounced than that of furosemide and rapidly exhausted. The results suggest that furosemide in a high dose is effective in accelerating thallium elimination from the body in the present animal model. Acetazolamide is probably not suitable for this purpose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00353275
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tumor specific fluorescent and complement-dependent cytotoxic antibodies in the serum of rats with chemically induced brain gliomas (1978)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 43 (1978), S. 111-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Experimental brain gliomas ; Chemically induced ; Rat ; Cell cultures ; Humoral antibodies ; Immunofluorescence staining ; Microcytotoxicity assay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Brain tumors were induced in Sprague-Dawley and Long-Evans rats by administration of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in the drinking water. Of these tumors, a grade 2 mixed glioma, a grade 2 to 3 astrocytoma and a grade 1 to 2 oligodendroglioma were established in vitro, maintained in culture and designated 75SD-G-376, 75SD-G-420 and 77LE-G-180, respectively. Of these mass cultures, two were successfully cloned and are currently available as 75SD-G-376C and 75SD-420C cell lines. Clonal lines produce S-100 protein and grow as tumors when isografted in young rats. Using the cultured cells as target cells, specific antibodies were searched for in the sera of the rats with the primary tumors by means of an indirect fluorescent antibody staining method and a complement-dependent antibody-mediated microcytotoxicity assay. Fluorescent and cytotoxic antibodies were demonstrated in the sera of the mixed glioma- and astrocytoma-bearing animals. However, a variable proportion of cells of the 75SD-G-376 and 75SD-G-420 lines showed no reaction with the corresponding sera. Furthermore, cytotoxic anfibodies had a lytic effect on the autologous glioma cells only in the presence of rabbit complement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685005
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cadmium induced endothelial cell alterations in the fetal brain from prenatal exposure (1978)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 44 (1978), S. 147-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Endothelial cell ; Capillary ; Fetal brain ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pregnant rats received a single administration of 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/kg of cadmium on day 18 or 20 or gestation Maternal animals were killed on day 21 and samples of the caudate nucleus from fetal brains were examined using the transmission electron microscope. A 2.0 mg/kg dose of cadmium administered to maternal rats on day 20 of gestation caused the formation of vacuoles in the endothelial cells of capilaries in the fetal brain. Significant endothelial cell vacuolization was not observed in the brain of fetuses from other treatment groups. The vacuoles occurred singly, were spherical in shape, were located adjacent to the intercellular junctions and caused focal distortion of the endothelial cell. Vacuoles were the only ultrastructural alteration observed in the caudate nucleus of fetal brains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691482
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct characterization ofΒ-adrenoceptors in membranes of immature red blood cells from rats (1978)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 37 (1978), S. 295-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Β-adrenerge Rezeptoren ; (3H) (−) Dihydroalprenolol ; Erythrozyten ; Ratte ; Β-Adrenoceptors ; (3H) (−) Dihydroalprenolol ; Erythrocytes ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary By means of the radioactive antagonist ligand (3H) (−) dihydroalprenolol (DHAP) specific binding sites were identified in membrane preparations from red blood cells from rats. These specific sites were characterized asΒ-adrenoceptors because of the following reasons: Specific binding of DHAP (in contrast to unspecific binding) was dependent on temparature and time of incubation. Furthermore, specific binding of DHAP showed saturability, temperature-dependent reversibility and high affinity (KD-value of DHAP = 6.51 nM). Specific binding of DHAP was competitively inhibited byΒ-adrenergic antagonists (pindolol 〉 alprenolol ≧ propranolol 〉 practolol) and agonists (isoprenaline 〉 adrenaline). The (−) enantiomers of pindolol and isoprenaline showed pronounced higher affinities for the receptor sites than the respective (+) enantiomers. The receptor density in the membrane preparations (pmoles/mg protein) was strongly dependent on the degree of reticulocytosis: The Bmax-values increased more than 4 to 5 fold without alteration of the respective KD-values when reticulocyte counts were enhanced from 3 to 80 % treatment of the animals with increasing doses of acetyl phenylhydrazine.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mittels des radioaktiv markierten Antagonist-Liganden (3H) (−) Dihydroalprenolol (DHAP) wurden spezifische Bindungsstellen in Membran-PrÄparationen von Erythrozyten der Ratte identifiziert, die aus folgenden Gründen alsΒ-adrenerge Rezeptoren angesprochen werden können: Im Gegensatz zur unspezifischen Bindung von DHAP war die spezifische Bindung abhÄngig von der Inkubationszeit und der Temperatur. Sie folgte einer SÄttigungskinetik, war — in AbhÄngigkeit von der Temperatur — reversibel und wies eine hohe AffinitÄt auf (KD für DHAP = 6,51 nM). Die rezeptorspezifische Bindung von DHAP wurde durchΒ-Rezeptorenblocker (Pindolol 〉 Alprenolol ≧ Propranolol 〉 Practolol) oderΒ-Sympathomimetika (Isoprenalin 〉 Adrenalin) kompetitiv gehemmt. Die (−) Enantiomeren von Pindolol und Isoprenalin hatten eine wesentlich höhere AffinitÄt als die antsprechenden (+) Enantiomeren. Die Dichte Β-adrenerger Rezeptoren (pmole/mg Eiwei\) nahm mit steigendem Retikulozytosegrad zu: Sie stieg auf das 4-bis 5fache an, wenn die Retikulozytenwerte durch Vorbehandlung der Tiere mit Azetylphenylhydrazin von 3 auf 80 % gesteigert wurden.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01007864
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    The influence of protein-calorie malnutrition on the development of internodal segments. A study on peripheral nerve and spinal roots in rats (1978)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 41 (1978), S. 103-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Protein-calorie malnutrition ; Rat ; Spinal root ; Sciatic nerve ; Internodal length
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The current investigation comprised normal young rats as well as rats submitted to a 50% food reduction or severe protein restriction. Isolated nerve fibres from lumbar spinal roots and sciatic nerves were investigated with reference to the relation between length and diameter of internodes as well as variation of internodal length along single nerve fibres. The present results do not support the view that protein-calorie malnutrition should cause neuropathy. Internodal segments were, on an average, shorter in relation to their thickness in young rats submitted to severe protein restriction or a 50% food reduction. The deviation was most marked in low-protein animals and particularly among coarser internodal segments. An inhibition of longitudinal growth was considered to be the main factor behind the difference between malnourished and normal rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00689760
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  • 33
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural studies on blood-brain barrier dysfunction after cerebral air embolism in the rat (1978)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 44 (1978), S. 53-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Blood-brain barrier ; Air embolism ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Cerebral cortex ; Electron microscopy ; Carotid artery ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Male albino rats were anaesthetized with diazepam, injected with horseradish peroxidase and Evans blue-labeled albumin and given an embolus of 0.01 ml air in the right common carotid artery after ligation of the external carotid branch. The pial arteries of the right cerebral hemisphere were stained blue, particularly the middle cerebral artery and its main arterial branchlets. Ultrastructurally, some endothelial cells in the right middle cerebral artery, small arteries and arterioles showed a diffuse distribution of horseradish peroxidase in their cytoplasm, although these vessels only occasionally showed peroxidase in their basement membranes. Other endothelial cells in these arterial branchlets showed few if any signs of a diffuse distribution of peroxidase but displayed several pinocytotic vesicles and occasionally trans-endothelial channels filled with peroxidase, sometimes with a slight leakage of peroxidase into adjacent basement membranes and neuropil. Scattered pinocytotic vesicles were observed in capillaries and venules, but there was usually no extravasation of peroxidase around these vessels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691639
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    Electronic Resource
    Accelerated development of tolerance during repeated cycles of ethanol exposure (1978)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 60 (1978), S. 59-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Ethanol ; Tolerance ; Behavioral augmentation ; Physical dependence ; Carry-over ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Adult male rats were subjected to 1–4 cycles of daily gastric intubation with ethanol (6 g/kg) for 16 days, separated by 17-day alcohol-free periods. Tolerance produced by this treatment (designated ‘physiological tolerance’) was measured by change in effect of a 2.2 g/kg i.p. dose of ethanol on the moving-belt test. It occurred in each cycle, disappeared completely in the drug-free periods, and developed more rapidly in the second and later cycles than in the first. Tolerance produced by the ‘behavioral augmentation’ technique (daily test practice under the influence of ethanol) also developed more rapidly on a second than on a first cycle. The progression from within-session to between-session tolerance was still evident, but accelerated. With 25-day alcohol cycles, separated by a one-month drug-free period, the ‘carry-over’ effect (i.e., more rapid acquisition of tolerance in the second cycle) applied equally, regardless of whether or not tolerance was produced by the same technique in both cycles, or by a crossover in either direction between the two techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429180
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    Some effects of chlordiazepoxide and d-amphetamine on response force during punished responding in rats (1978)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 56 (1978), S. 211-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Chlordiazepoxide ; d-Amphetamine ; Response force ; Punishment ; Stereotyped behavior ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats were reinforced with water on a continuous reinforcement schedule and were also punished with electric shock for every fifth response applied to a silent, isometric, force-sensing manipulandum. Oral doses of chlordiazepoxide (3.0, 9.0, 27.0 mg/kg) increased both conventional rate and force of punished responding. In contrast, d-amphetamine (0.8, 1.6, 3.2 mg/kg, by gavage) further decreased conventional rate and force of response, but this latter drug increased the rate of recorded responses that were lower than the 15-g force criterion for response consequences. The results for chlordiazepoxide are viewed in terms of its anxiolytic properties, while the d-amphetamine data appear to support a theory of amphetamine effects based on the concept of stereotyped behaviors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431852
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    Electronic Resource
    Rat intestinal brush border enzymes release by deoxycholate in vivo (1978)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 373 (1978), S. 133-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Deoxycholate ; Intestinal perfusion ; Rat ; Enzymatic release ; Localization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The release of proteins, sucrase (SA), maltase (MA), leucine aminopeptidase (LA) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity from rat jejunum by sodium deoxycholate (DOC) was studied by an in vivo perfusion technique. In our experimental conditions, a 2 mmol/l DOC perfusion for 30 min induced a marked and reversible release of proteins and hydrolases. When specific activities were considered, each enzyme showed a distinct release pattern. Significantly, the SA release was largely increased, the AP release was decreased and there was no correlation between the releases of SA and AP. Furthermore, the various enzymes recovered into the lumen were solubilized at different extents. SA was chiefly present in a soluble and AP in a particular form. The microscopical appearances showed a slight exfoliation of the epithelial cells from the villous tips but no specific changes when compared to the control group. The results are discussed in terms of enzymic localization in the brush border membrane; SA would be located very superficially in the surface membrane and AP buried in the membrane and less accessible than the other enzymes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00584851
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    Dissociation between antidiuretic response and renal medullary cyclic AMP levels in the rat (1978)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 374 (1978), S. 229-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Cyclic AMP ; ADH ; Vasopressin ; Isoproterenol ; 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthin ; Rat ; Water diuresis ; Antidiuresis ; Dehydration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In vivo experiments were performed in male Wistar rats to elucidate the probable relation between renal concentrating ability and medullary cyclic AMP content as influenced by changes of hydration and by administration of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Cyclic AMP levels were 37% lower in water diuretic than in control animals (P〈0.01), but were not significantly changed during prolonged antidiuresis induced by dehydration or ADH administration. Nor could any change of cyclic AMP levels be demonstrated between 2 and 20 min after ADH injection. Significant increases of medullary cyclic AMP content occurred following stress, anesthesia, and administration of isoproterenol and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthin. The results suggest that the level of cyclic AMP in the renal medulla may not be an important determinant of the antidiuretic response produced by ADH in rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00585599
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    Rasterelektronenmikroskopische Studien am Epithel der Plica vocalis von männlichen Albinoratten (1978)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 220 (1978), S. 201-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Plica vocalis ; Epithelial surface ; Rat ; Extrapulmonary airway epithelium ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Stimmbänder ; Epitheliale Oberfläche ; Ratte ; Larynxepithel ; Rasterelektronenmikroskopie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Stimmbandepithel ausgewachsener männlicher Albinoratten wird rasterelektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Seine Oberflächenstruktur wird mit jener des Epithels auf der Plica ventricularis und im Recessus ventricularis verglichen. Charakteristischerweise zeigen die Zellen im Epithel über den Stimmbändern einen dichten, lückenlosen Besatz mit Mikrovilli. Die Übergänge des Stimmbandepithels in die benachbarten Larynxabschnitte wird dokumentiert. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit wird dem Auftreten von Mikroleisten auf den apikalen Zellpolen im Larynxepithel gewidmet, die bisher als charakteristische Struktur für das Stimmbandepithel gewertet wurden.
    Notes: Summary The epithelial surface of the Plica vocalis in adult male rat is studied by scanning electron microscopy. It's structure is compared with that of the plica and of the recessus ventricularis. The transition of the epithelium in the plica vocalis to the epithelium of the joining parts of the larynx is documented. Special attention is paid to the occurrence of microridges at the apical poles of epithelial cells in the larynx. Up to now microridge cells have been said to be characteristic for the plica vocalis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00457488
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    Electronic Resource
    Some observations on the efferent innervation of rat soleus muscle spindles (1978)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 31 (1978), S. 433-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Rat ; Soleus ; Fusimotor innervation ; Skeletofusimotor innervation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the small segmental tail muscles of the rat beta fibres provide exclusively the dynamic fusimotor control, while gamma fibres provide exclusively the static fusimor control. The present experiments were made to investigate the fusimotor innervation of spindles in a large muscle of the rat, the soleus, and thus to determine the occurrence and significance of beta innervation in this muscle. Our results have revealed no case of beta innervation in the rat soleus. As a consequence of our experimental method, however, we would not claim that beta innervation does not exist in the soleus, only that it must play an insignificant role relative to that seen in the tail segmental muscles. Investigations of the fusimotor innervation of eight spindles were sufficiently complete to warrant detailed illustration. The number of gamma fibres ranged from two to four. In every case the slowest conducting gamma fibre was dynamic. However, the conduction velocity spectra for the static and dynamic gamma fibres to rat soleus overlap to such an extent that it is impossible to use conduction velocity as the sole guide to functional gamma fibre classification. The pooled results from the eight spindles fully investigated provide a ratio of static to dynamic gamma fibres of approximately 1:1. Other evidence discussed in the paper suggests that in the muscle nerve the ratio is considerably higher. These differences are reconciled if the dynamic gamma fibres branch more profusely and innervate more spindles than do the static gamma fibres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237300
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  • 40
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    Electronic Resource
    Hippocampal place units in the freely moving rat: Why they fire where they fire (1978)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 31 (1978), S. 573-590 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Hippocampus ; Place units ; Unit recording ; Sensory cues ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Place units in the dorsal hippocampus of the freely-moving rat signal the animal's position in an environment (place field). In the present experiments, thirty four place units were recorded in two different environments: one, a small platform where the rat had received neither training nor reward; the other, an elevated T-maze inside a set of black curtains where the rat had been trained on a place discrimination. The places within the curtained enclosure were specified by four cues (a light, a card, a fan, and a buzzer) in addition to the food. Other cues were eliminated by rotating the maze and the four controlled cues relative to the external world from trial-to-trial. Some units had place fields in both environments while others only had a place field in one. No relationship could be seen between the place fields of units with fields in both environments. All twelve units tested extensively in the controlled enclosure had place fields related to the controlled cues. Probe experiments in which only some of the controlled cues were available showed that some of these units were being excited by one or two cues while others were influenced in a more complex way. The fields of these latter units were maintained by any two of the 4 cues and were due to inhibitory influences which suppressed the unit firing over the rest of the maze.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239813
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  • 41
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    Electronic Resource
    Hypothalamically induced intraspecific aggressive behaviour in the rat (1978)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 32 (1978), S. 365-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Intraspecific aggression ; Lateral hypothalamus ; Electrical stimulation ; Specificity ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) of rats on intraspecific aggressive behaviour were studied. In order to investigate the specificity of the stimulation effects, each experimental animal was stimulated in a number of different social situations. Stimulation of the LH in the presence of a subordinate male increased the amount of time spent on aggressive behaviour patterns and locomotion. In the presence of a dominant male, however, the stimulated animal never initiated a fight, whereas in the presence of an estrous female attack occurred in some rare occasions and sexual behaviour disappeared almost entirely. Stimulation of some sites also elicited mouse killing behaviour. Many of the electrodes that elicited intraspecific aggressive behaviour also supported intracranial self-stimulation. It is concluded that 1. electrical stimulation of this area of the LH predominantly potentiates intraspecific aggressive behaviour, 2. that this behaviour becomes overt depends on the external situation, including the behaviour of the opponent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238708
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  • 42
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    Electronic Resource
    Membrane-associated adenosine triphosphatase in normal and injured hypoglossal nuclei (1978)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 33 (1978), S. 213-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Rat ; Hypoglossal nucleus ; Axotomy ; ATP-ase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The hypoglossal nuclei of adult male albino rats, either normal, or from 1 to 70 days after left hypoglossal nerve transection, were studied cytochemically with a lead method for sodium- and potassium-activated membrane ATP-ase, using light and electron microscopy. Reaction product was measured at the light microscopical level by microdensitometry, and significance determined statistically. Light microscopy revealed a brown reaction product in the neuropil, but none in cell bodies. Blood vessel walls were more strongly coloured. Reaction product was undiminished by ouabain pre-incubation, or by incubation without sodium or potassium, or by incubation with calcium instead of magnesium. Reaction product was diminished by absence of magnesium if calcium was also absent, and abolished if sections were boiled before incubation, or if substrate was absent. Axotomy caused a statistically significant increase in neuropil reaction product in injured nuclei, maximal at 35 days postoperatively, and subsequently decreasing to normal at 70 days. Electron microscopy showed a predominantly surface membrane reaction product, with occasional positive intracellular cisternae. Basal lamina and intra-endothelial vacuoles were also positive. Axotomy resulted in the arrival and disappearance of microglia (2 to 35 days), followed by astrocyte hypertrophy (35 days), and increase in thickness and homogeneity of surface membrane reaction product. The results suggest the presence of one or more calcium- or magnesium-dependent membrane ATP-ases. The peak of the increase after axotomy is probably partly attributable to hypertrophic astrocytes, and partly to the surfaces of neuronal processes. Increase of membrane movements might explain such enzyme activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238061
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    Electronic Resource
    Technique of continuous collection of parotid saliva in the rat (1978)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 172 (1978), S. 247-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Rat ; Parotid saliva
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A method is described, which is suitable to collect continuously and quantitatively saliva from both parotid glands in rats under in vivo conditions and which allows to investigate salivary electrolyte composition in relation to flow rate during several hours. This might be of expanding scientific interest in disturbances of transepithelial electrolyte transport in various pathophysiological situations (for instance different forms of experimental hypertension, endstage renal failure and so on).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01855835
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  • 44
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    Electronic Resource
    Sauerstoffverbrauch und Gewichtsentwicklung chronisch urämischer Ratten (1978)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 173 (1978), S. 239-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Experimental chronic uremia ; Rat ; Oxygen consumption ; Body weight ; Experimentelle chronische Urämie ; Ratte ; Sauerstoffverbrauch ; Körpergewicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die verminderte Gewichtszunahme bei experimenteller chronischer Urämie führte zu der Bestimmung des Sauerstoffverbrauches chronisch urämischer Ratten und eines normalen Vergleichskollektivs. Die Messung des Sauerstoffverbrauches wird als Hinweis auf den Energiebedarf des Gesamtstoffwechsels gewertet. Drei Gruppen von Versuchstieren wurden untersucht: urämische Ratten (CU) von geringerem Gewicht (403,66 ± 9,9 g) als deren gesunde Vergleichstiere (NA) (498,31 ± 26,13) und jüngere Normaltiere (NJ), welche ein annähernd ähnliches Körpergewicht wie die chronisch Niereninsuffizienten aufwiesen (376,0 ± 8,8). Signifikante Unterschiede des Sauerstoffverbrauches, bezogen auf das Körpergewicht, wurden zwischen den Gruppen NJ (0,927 ± 0,042 ml O2/mn/100 g Ratte) und beiden Gruppen CU und NA (0,788 ± 0,036 und 0,788 ± 0,028 jeweils) gefunden. Eine proportionale Verminderung der energetisch aktiven Körpermasse mag die Ursache der Sauerstoff-Meßergebnisse bei chronischer experimenteller Urämie sein.
    Notes: Summary Impaired weight gain, a common feature in experimental chronic uremia, led to compare oxygen consumption values of chronic uremic rats and their controls. Oxygen consumption measurement may allow an approach to the evaluation of total energy requirement. Three groups of animals were considered: uremic rats (CU) of less weight (402.66 ± 9.9 g) than their control group (NA) (498.31 ± 26.13) and younger normal animals (NJ), showing a similar weight (376.0 ± 8.8) to that of the uremics. Significant differences in oxygen consumption values/body weight were found between group NJ (0.927 ± 0.042 ml O2/mn/100 g rat) and both groups CU and NA (0.788 ± 0.036 and 0.788 ± 0.028 respectively). Proportional decrease of energetically active body mass in chronic uremic animals may be the reason of the findings.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01851495
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    Complement system in sodium taurocholate pancreatitis in the rat (1978)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 174 (1978), S. 57-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Complement system ; Sodium taurocholate ; Acute experimental pancreatitis ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The role of the complement system was studied in Na-taurocholate pancreatitis in rats. Complement activity (CH 50) was determined at various times in the course of pancreatitis. Immediately after induction of acute pancreatitis, serum complement activity declined and massive C 3 deposits could be detected in the vicinity of acinar necroses and necrobioses. After a phase of recovery three to six hours postoperatively a second complement consumption occurred. Lethality rate increased as serum complement activity fell below 50% of preoperative values. The degree of C 3 deposition increased up to six hours. Decline of serum complement activity and deposition within the pancreas seemed to be correlated with histologically demonstrable tissue lesion. The first decline of complement activity in serum is thought to be caused by liberation of complement activating substances within the pancreas due to the detergent action of Na-taurocholate itself. The second decline, however, may be due to the liberation of complement activating and/or destroying enzymes into the blood stream.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01851939
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  • 46
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    Resting values of left ventricular work to coronary blood flow ratio in rats exposed to intermittent high altitude hypoxia and swimming (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 39 (1978), S. 173-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Exercise ; Altitude ; Left ventricular work ; Myocardial blood flow ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Total hemodynamic values and left ventricular blood flow were studied using Sapirstein's method of 86Rb uptake in female rats 24 h after a last exposure to high altitude. A simulated altitude of 1350 m was used, initial exposure being for 30 min, gradually increased by 30 min daily up to 330 min daily for 5 days a week; the total number of exposures was 32. In another animal group the hypobaric exposure was combined with swimming in water at 37
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00421344
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  • 47
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    Hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic distribution of somatostatin-immunoreactive elements in the rat brain (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 195 (1978), S. 499-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Somatostatin neurons ; Hypothalamic, extrahypothalamic distribution ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using a highly sensitive antibody to somatostatin, its hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic distribution in the rat was re-examined by light microscopic immunohistochemistry (PAP-method). The scattered somatostatin-producing perikarya occur in multiple layers within the subependymal neuropil surrounding the third ventricle. They supply with short-distance projections the following hypothalamic nuclei: 1) preoptic nuclei (especially their suprachiasmatic and medial components), 2) the peripheral zones of the suprachiasmatic nuclei, 3) the ventromedial and 4) arcuate nuclei, and 5) the ventral premammillary nuclei. Furthermore, the following long-distance projections have been observed: In a rostral direction (A1) rostral of the anterior commissure to the lamina terminalis, (A2) to the OVLT, (A3) to the olfactory tubercle, and (A4) rostrally and caudally by-passing the anterior commissure to the dorsal part of the stria terminalis. More caudally, at the retrochiasmatic level an ascending dorso-lateral projection joins the ventral amygdalo-hypothalamic pathway in a reciprocal manner (B1). In addition, a descending ventrolateral tract projects to the optic tract bending dorsal to it in different directions: (C1) medial to the median eminence, (C2) lateral to the corticomedial amygdala, and (C3) caudal for additional support of the arcuate and ventral premammillary nuclei. The principal tract of somatostatin-containing fibers descends in the subependymal neuropil to the median eminence (D). The results are discussed with reference to a possible participation of the somatostatin fiber system in the afferent branch of the circuit connecting the hypothalamus with the amygdala via the stria terminalis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233892
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  • 48
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    Influence of maternal adrenalectomy on the ultrastructure of the adrenal gland in neonatal rats (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 189 (1978), S. 277-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Maternal adrenalectomy ; Rat ; Influence on the adrenals of newborn animals ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Maternal adrenalectomy at 7 or 14 days of gestation produced increased cell necrosis within zona reticularis cells on the day of birth and at 24 or 48 h after birth. Small remnants or large portions of adrenocortical cells were present within macrophages. In otherwise normal adrenocortical cells, lipid droplets were incorporated within some mitochondria. Autophagocytosis of single mitochondria was observed within adrenocortical cells. Undoubtedly ultrastructural changes represent stimulation of adrenocortical cells in neonatal rats in response to maternal adrenalectomy.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00209277
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  • 49
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    Electronic Resource
    Investigations into the mechanism of hormone release by rat adrenocortical cells (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 189 (1978), S. 403-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal gland ; Rat ; Vinblastine ; Corticosterone ; Exocytosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vinblastine treatment blocks corticosterone release from rat adrenal zona fasciculata without impairing hormone synthesis, and induces the formation of acid phosphatase-positive granular clumps at the juxta-sinusoidal pole of the cells. Autoradiography shows that ACTH administration to vinblastine-treated animals mobilizes the 3H-cholesterol stored in the lipid droplets and leads to a noticeable labelling of the granular clumps. The possible significance of these granules is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00209129
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    Kinetics of gametogenesis (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 190 (1978), S. 61-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Oogonia and M-prospermatogonia ; Rat ; Duration of the S-phase and the minimal generation time ; Comparative autoradiographic studies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei der Ratte tritt die letzte Generation der Oogonien und “multiplying prospermatogonia” (M-prospermatogonia), die häufig in Form synchronisierter “Cluster” angeordnet sind, um den Tag 17 post conceptionem (p.c.), in die Mitose. Die S-Phasen-Dauer D-S-Duration und die minimale Generationszeit T min der weiblichen und männlichen “Gonien” wurden nach der Methode der markierten Mitosen bestimmt (22 weibliche und 22 männliche Feten von 11 Muttertieren wurden 2–22 Std nach einmaliger i.p. Injektion mit 3H-thymidin getötet). Die drei Kurven markierter Prophasen, Metaphasen und der postmitotischen Abkömmlinge, d.h. der Postmitosephasen der Oocyten und primary transitional prospermatogonia” (T1-prospermatogonia), wurden ausgewertet. Die Auswertungen ergaben, daß der Verlauf der einander entsprechenden Markierungskurven von Prophasen, Metaphasen und Postmitosephasen sowie die daraus errechneten Werte für D-S-Duration und Tmin weitgehend übereinstimmen. Die gewonnenen Werte liegen zwischen 10 und 12,5h für D-S-Duration (10h entsprechend dem Verlauf der markierten Metaphasenkurven) und 16,5 und 18h für Tmin (16,5h entsprechend dem Verlauf der markierten Metaphasenkurven).
    Notes: Summary In the rat the last generation of oogonia and multiplying prospermatogonia (M-prospermatogonia), frequently arranged in synchronized clusters, enters mitosis on about day 17 post conception (p.c.). The duration of the S-phase D-S-Duration and the minimal generation time T min of both kinds of “gonia” were determined by the method of labeled mitoses (22 female and 22 male fetuses derived from 11 pregnant rats were sacrificed from 2 to 22 h after a single i.p. injection of 3H-thymidine on day 17 p.c.). Three curves, derived from the labeled prophases, metaphases and the postmitotic descendents of oogonia and M-prospermatogonia — oocytes and primary transitional prospermatogonia (T1-prospermatogonia) — were evaluated. It was demonstrated that the curves as well as the calculated values of D-S-Duration and T min are very similar for oogonia and M-prospermatogonia. D-S-Duration ranged from about 10 to 12.5 h (10 h read off from the curves of labeled metaphases), T min from 16.5 to 18 h (16.5 h read off from the curves of labeled metaphases).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210036
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    Evidence for amygdaloid projections to the contralateral hypothalamus and the ipsilateral midbrain in the rat (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 191 (1978), S. 183-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Amygdaloid body ; Hypothalamus ; Midbrain ; Autoradiography ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Light microscopic autoradiography was performed subsequent to injection of tritiated amino acids into various parts of the amygdaloid body of the rat. Evidence is provided for two hitherto unreported projections of the amygdala: from the medial amygdaloid nucleus to the contralateral premamillary nuclei and from the central amygdaloid nucleus to the mesencephalic central grey. The functional implications of these findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223226
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    Intranuclear microfilament bundles in the ependymal cells of the third ventricle of the rat (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 194 (1978), S. 353-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Intranuclear microfilament bundles ; Third ventricle ; Ependymal cells ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intranuclear microfilament bundles were observed in ependymal cells of the third ventricle of the rat. They appeared as single, cylindricallyshaped fibrillar bands up to 4.9 μm in length. In cross sections of bundles, the microfilaments exhibited an apparently regular arrangement. They were separated by a distance of 4 to 5 nm, measuring approximately 11 nm from centre to centre. One bundle consisted of 55 to 88 microfilaments. The intranuclear bundles terminated at the inner membrane of the nucleus. They exhibited close spatial relationship to perinuclear chromatin, chromatin centres, intrachromatin granules and fibrillar structures. The average ratio of nuclear sections with and without bundles was 1∶15.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220401
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    Masthead (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090101
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    Nachrichten - Hinweise (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. A2 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090102
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    Nachrichten - Hinweise (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. A5 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090103
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  • 56
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    Nachrichten - Hinweise (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. A6 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090104
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  • 57
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    Dechema - Informationsblatt (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. A7 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090105
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    Die Wirkung mechanischer Einflußgrößen bei der Rißkorrosion von Kohlenstoff-Mangan-StählenAuszugsweise vorgetragen auf der 7. Sitzung der Arbeitsgruppe “Korrosion und Werkstoffverhalten” des DECHEMA-Fachausschusses “Werkstoffe und Konstruktion im Chemie-Apparatebau”, Frankfurt 16.11.1976. Mechanical Factors Influencing Corrosion Cracking of Carbon-Manganese Steels (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Knowledge about stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue until 1970; specific aggressive media to cause stress corrosion cracking: alkali solution, nitrates, ammonia salts - meaning of the constant strain rate technique and stress corrosion cracking in bicarbonate solutions - dependence of tensile stress, strain and strain rate upon time; significance of strain rate - investigations in bicarbonate, carbonate and hydroxide solutions - critical potential ranges - relation between strain rate and low cycle fatigue - theoretical differences between stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue in spite of gradual transient in physical appearances.
    Notes: Stand des Wissens über Spannungsriß- und Schwingungsrißkorrosion bis um 1970; spezifische Medien für Spannungsrißkorrosion: Alkalilauge, Nitrate, Ammoniumsalze - Bedeutung der constant-strain-rate-Technik und Bikarbonat-Spannungsrißkorrosion - Zeitabhängigkeit von Zugspannung, Dehnung und Dehngeschwindigkeit; Bedeutung der Dehngeschwindigkeit - Untersuchungen in Bikarbonat-, Karbonat- und Hydroxidlösungen - kritische Potentialbereiche - Zusammenhang zwischen Dehngeschwindigkeit und langsamer Ermüdung - theoretischer Unterschied zwischen Spannungsrißkorrosion und Korrosionsermüdung trotz phänomenologisch gleitender Übergänge.
    Additional Material: 28 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090106
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    Untersuchungen an stahlfaserverstärktem Aluminium unter Torsions- und Druckbeanspruchungen (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 27-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation of Steel Fiber Reinforced Aluminium under Torsional and Compressive LoadingA fiber-shaped composite material which, due to its fabrication process and internal structure may be called a double fiber composite, and whose strength behaviour is significantly influenced by boundary layers and porosity has been tested by means of two test methods: 1The possibility is demonstrated to determine by a non-destructive elastic torsional test the useful cross section for the utilization of the material, taking the quality-reducing factors into consideration.2Pressure tests have shown good agreement with Timoshenko and Gere's wave theory extended in this particular case. .
    Notes: Die Erprobung eines faserförmigen Verbundwerkstoffes, der durch Herstellungsverfahren und inneren Aufbau als Doppelfaserverbund zu bezeichnen ist und dessen Festigkeitsverhalten durch Grenzschichten und Porosität wesentlich beeinflußt wird, wurde mittels zweier Prüfverfahren durchgeführt: 1Es wird die Möglichkeit aufgezeigt, den nutzbaren Querschnitt für den Einsatz des Materials unter Berücksichtigung der qualitätsmindernden Faktoren im elastischen Torsionsversuch zerstörungsfrei zu ermitteln.2Durch Druckversuche wurde eine gute Übereinstimmung mit der hier erweiterten Wellentheorie von Timoshenko und Gere erzielt. .
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090109
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    Mechanisch-technologische Eigenschaften nickelhaltiger SuperferriteDie diesem Bericht zugrunde liegenden Arbeiten wurden zum Teil mit Mitteln des Bundesministeriums für Forschung und Technologie gefördert (Kennzeichen CVE 40 2). Die Verantwortung für den Inhalt liegt allein bei den Verfassern (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 14-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Mechanical and Technological Properties of Nickel Containing SuperferritesHigh chromium ferritic stainless steels with molybdenum and nickel additions, containing low amounts of interstitials, show remarkably good mechanical properties besides their excellent corrosion behaviour. Yield strengths of these materials can be more than the twofold, compared with that of austenitic stainless steels. In contrary to commercial ferritic stainless chromium steels, the Superferrites exhibit remarkable notch impact toughness also at temperatures below 0 °C. These properties as well as their permanent toughness after a welding process permit a good technological workability and, because of the high strength properties, the application of thinner dimensions in construction.
    Notes: Hochlegierte ferritische Chromstähle mit Molybdän- und Nickelzusätzen sowie niedrigen Kohlenstoff- und Stickstoffgehalten weisen neben ihrer hervorragenden Korrosionsbeständigkeit auffallend gute mechanisch-technologische Eigenschaften auf. Diese Werkstoffe können im Vergleich mit austenitischen chemisch beständigen Stählen mehr als doppelt so hohe 0,2%-Dehngrenzen erreichen. Im Gegensatz zu den herkömmlichen ferritischen Chromstählen besitzen sie auch bei Temperaturen unter 0 °C eine bemerkenswerte Kerbschlagzähigkeit. Diese Eigenschaften sowie das bleibende Verformungsvermögen nach einem Schweißvorgang lassen eine gute Verarbeitbarkeit der Stähle im Apparatebau zu, wobei wegen des Festigkeitsvorteils wesentlich dünnere Abmessungen benötigt werden.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090107
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    Graphit als Werkstoff im ApparatebauVorgetragen auf der ACHEMA 76 am 22. Juni 1976. Graphite for the Construction of Chemical Equipment (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 19-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The growing interest in the use of graphite as a material for chemical equipment is occasioned by the highly corrosion resistant properties of this low-cost material.Economic and safety specifications require a thorough knowledge of the material's properties and performance and also of the effect of these factors on a particular unit. It is to be considered for instance that the material's compressive strength is 3 to 5 times higher than its tensile strength.Another important characteristic is its static strength: the smaller the stressed volume, the higher the breaking strength. This comparatively good performance is of advantage in cases of high voltage gradients as encountered as edge stresses at the openings of tube plates and nozzles. In such cases the breaking strength may reach twice the value of the rupturing strength.A third characteristic to be mentioned is the high dependence of strength on the parameters of production; the strength decreases, for technological reasons, with increasing size.The following design principles are based on the specific properties and performance of the material: units to be preferably subjected to compressive stressuse of the smallest possible stockmaterial of higher strength to be used in hightension zones (smaller semiproduct dimensions)No cemented joints in highly stressed zones .
    Notes: Graphit zeichnet seine “breite” Korrosionsbeständigkeit bei verhältnismäßig niederen Kosten aus. Er wird deshalb in zunehmendem Maße für hochkorrosionsfeste Apparate eingesetzt. Wirtschaftliche und sicherheitstechnische Forderungen machen eine genaue Kenntnis des Werkstoffverhaltens und dessen Auswirkungen auf ein Bauteil zur Voraussetzung. So ist z. B. die gegenüber der Zugfestigkeit um den Faktor 3 bis 5 höhere Druckfestigkeit zu berücksichtigen. Ein weiteres wichtiges Merkmal ist die statistische Natur der Festigkeit. Je geringer das beanspruchte Volumen ist, desto höher ist die Bruchfestigkeit. Das bedeutet gerade bei hohen Spannungsgradienten, wie sie als Lochrandspannungen an Rohrplatten oder Stutzen auftreten, ein vergleichsweise günstiges Verhalten. In derartigen Fällen kann die Bruchfestigkeit den doppelten Wert der Zug-Bruchfestigkeit erreichen. Als drittes hervorzuhebendes Merkmal ist die starke Abhängigkeit der Festigkeit von den Herstellungsparametern zu nennen; technologisch bedingt nimmt die Festigkeit mit zunehmenden Abmessungen ab.Aus dem Werkstoffverhalten leiten sich folgende Konstruktionsprinzipien ab: Bauteile bevorzugt auf Druck beanspruchen.Stets das kleinstmögliche Halbzeug verwenden.In Zonen hoher Spannung Material höherer Festigkeit einsetzen (kleinere Halbzeugabmessungen).Kittverbindungen nicht in hochbeanspruchte Zonen legen.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090108
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    Zum Zusammenhang zwischen Eigenschaften und Gefügestruktur mehrphasiger Werkstoffe. Teil III: Gefügestruktur und Elastizitätsmodul (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 31-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090110
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    TGL-Taschenbuch Korrosionsschutz. Von H. Spindler. 1. Auflage, VEB Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig. 1977, 376 Seiten, 17,7 × 21,5 cm, Plasteinband, 20,- DM (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 36-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090113
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    Kreiszylinderschalen unter radialen Einzellasten. Von K.-W. Bieger. 1. Auflage, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1976, etwa 160 Seiten, 18 Bilder, 108 Tafeln. Gebunden 158,- DM, etwa US $ 64,80 (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 36-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090112
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    Nachrichten - Hinweise (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. A9 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090114
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    Werkstoffkunde der gebräuchlichen Stähle, Teil 1. Entwicklung der Stahlsorten, ihre Vereinheitlichung und Normung, Teil 1. Vorträge einer vom Verein Deutscher Eisenhüttenleute zusammen mit dem Haus der Technik, Essen, durchgeführten Berichtsreihe. Herausgegeben vom Verein Deutscher Eisenhüttenleute. Format DIN C 5. IV/293 Seiten mit 365 Bildern und 43 Tafeln. 1977. Verlag Stahleisen mbH., 4 Düsseldorf. DM 89,- (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 36-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090111
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    Nachrichten - Hinweise (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. A12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090202
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    Masthead (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090201
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    ESCA - Untersuchungen zum Aufbau von Oxid-Schichten auf austenitischen Stählen nach SalpetersäurebeanspruchungDie dieser Veröffentlichung zugrunde liegenden Arbeiten wurden aus Mitteln des Bundesministers für Forschung und Technologie im Rahmen des Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprogramms “Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz” gefördert.Herrn Professor Dr. Otto Bayer zum 75. Geburtstag gewidmet (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 37-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: ESCA - Investigations of the Passive Films Formed on Austenitic Stainless Steels in Nitric AcidBy means of ESCA the composition and the thickness of passive films formed on austenitic stainless steels were investigated after the attack of nitric acid at various temperatures and acid concentrations.The outermost layers of the oxide film consist of SiO2, then a layer rich of Cr-oxid follows, containing also some Mo in the four- and six-valent state. Ni does not contribute to the oxide film. Cr is also enriched in the metal just below the oxide film.
    Notes: Mittels ESCA wurden Zusammensetzung und Dicke der Oxidschichten ermittelt, die bei der Beanspruchung verschiedener austenitischer Chrom-Nickel-(Molybdän)-Stähle in Salpetersäuren unterschiedlicher Konzentration und Temperatur gebildet werden.Die äußere Schicht besteht aus SiO2; darunter befindet sich eine chromreiche, molybdänhaltige Oxidschicht. Nickel ist am Aufbau der Oxidschichten nicht beteiligt.In der metallischen Matrix unterhalb der Oxidschicht wurde eine Chromanreicherung nachgewiesen.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090203
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    Prüfung von Rohren und Formstücken aus Kunststoff.Vortrag gehalten beim Seminar „Einsatz von Kunststoffrohren in der Gasversorgung an der Technischen Akademie e. V., Wuppertal, 24./25. 11. 1977. (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 62-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Testing of plastic pipes and fittings
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090206
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    Zum Mechanismus der Wechselfestigkeitssteigerung durch Werkstoffverfestigung und Druckeigenspannungen nach einer OberflächenbehandlungTeilauszug aus der Dr.-Ing. Dissertation des Verfassers, Darmstadt 1977. Berichterstatter Prof. em. Dr.-Ing. H. Wiegand, Darmstadt, Mitberichterstatter Prof. Dr.-Ing. K. H. Kloos, Darmstadt (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 45-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Improvement of Fatigue Limit as a Result of Hardening and Macrostresses Due to a Surface TreatmentSurface treatments, that increase the hardness as well as induce surface residual macrostresses, are universaly able to improve the fatigue limit. It is shown, that depending on the shape of specimens both effects together are responsible for the raise of the fatigue strength, which is in contrast to former opinions. The increase of hardness increases the stress required for crack initiation and is thus decident for unnotched specimens, whereas in this case the influence of permanent residual stresses is relatively smaller. Notched specimens of sufficient stress concentration factor kt are determined by the crack propagation conditions, which can be controlled decisively by mean loads. The increase of hardness improves the resistance against crack initiation proportional to the 1/kt portion of the unnotched fatigue limit, but cracks remain nonpropagating as long as a certain minimum alternative stress, which can be raised by compressive residual stresses, is not exceeded. Depending upon concentration factor, mean compressive load and hardness the transition from crack initiation to crack propagation as the criterion for fatigue fracture can be estimated by several fatigue-strength-diagrams, which are evaluated for specimens of constant hardness but are valid for surface hardened specimens as well.
    Notes: Eine universelle Möglichkeit, die Dauerhaltbarkeit von Bauteilen zu verbessern, bieten Oberflächenbehandlungsverfahren, die sowohl die Werkstoffhärte erhöhen als auch Druckeigenspannungen 1. Art in der Randschicht erzeugen. Im Gegensatz zu der im älteren Schrifttum oft vertreten Ansicht, nach der entweder der eine oder der andere Einfluß für den Mechanismus der Wechselfestigkeitssteigerung verantwortlich sein soll, zeigt sich, daß in Abhängigkeit von der Bauteilgeometrie beide Faktoren zusammenwirken. Die Härtesteigerung beeinflußt vornehmlich die Anrißdauerfestigkeit und bestimmt damit das Verhalten glatter Teile; Druckeigenspannungen, sofern sie nicht abgebaut werden, leisten einen geringeren Beitrag. Bei gekerbten Proben ausreichend hoher Formzahl wird der Dauerbruch durch die Rißausbreitungsbedingungen festgelegt, die in entscheidender Weise von Mittelspannungen abhängen. Die Härtesteigerung erhöht zwar proportional zum 1/αk-fachen Teil der Wechselfestigkeit glatter Proben die Beständigkeit gegen die Bildung von Anrissen, diese bleiben aber stehen, sofern nicht eine durch Druckmittelspannungen heraufsetzbare Mindestwechselspannung überschritten wird. Der von Formzahl, Höhe der Druckeigenspannungen und Härte abhängige Übergang von Anrißbildung zu Rißfortschritt als Kriterium für die zum Bruch führende Wechselspannung kann in Dauerfestigkeitsschaubildern abgelesen werden, die für Werkstoffe homogener Festigkeit aufgestellt werden, die aber ebenso für oberflächenverfestigte Proben gelten.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090204
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    Nachrichten - Hinweise (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. A17 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090208
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  • 73
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    Einfluß des Gefügezustandes auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften von (α + β)- TitanlegierungenVortrag gehalten auf dem Werkstoff-Symposium „Titanlegierungen am 18.2.77, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Institut für Werkstoffe (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 56-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Influence of Microstructure on Mechanical Properties of (α + β)-Ti-AlloysThe amount of α- and β-phase in (α + β)-Titanium alloys for example in the alloy TiAl6 V4 may be altered to a large extend by annealing procedures. In the alloy TiAl6 V4 each temperature corresponds to a certain amount of each of these phases, the composition of which is also dependent on annealing temperature. Above about 970 °C the homogeneous β-phase appears. Additions of Iron, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Hydrogen have a great influence on the transition temperature and the distribution of the α- and β-phase. There is a great influence of the distribution of the phases on the mechanical properties. The β-phase and the α-solid solution can be quenched from high temperature and decomposed at a lower temperature, so that intermediate phases as ω from β and α2 from α may be precipitated. The α-solid solution is anisotropic so that texturized samples have different properties in various directions. Based on these fundamental aspects it is shown to what extend these microstructures may influence the mechanical properties especially the fatigue behaviour of (α + β)-Ti-alloys.
    Notes: Die Anteile des α- und β-Titanmischkristalls in (α + β)-Titanlegierungen können z. B. bei der Legierung TiAl6 V4 in großen Bereichen durch Wärmebehandlung variiert werden. Bei jeder Temperatur stellt sich z. B. bei TiAl6 V4 ein bestimmtes Verhältnis zwischen α und β ein, wobei sich die Legierungskonzentration in den einzelnen Phasenanteilen ändert, bis oberhalb etwa 970 °C die reine β-Phase vorliegt. Beimengungen wie Eisen, Sauerstoff, Stickstoff und Wasserstoff verändern die Umwandlungstemperatur und auch die Anteile der jeweiligen Phasen. Die mechanischen Eigenschaften werden durch das Gefüge entscheidend beeinflußt. Sowohl der β-Mischkristall wie auch der α-Mischkristall können von hoher Temperatur abgeschreckt und bei tiefen Temperaturen zum Zerfall gebracht werden, so daß dadurch weitere Zwischenphasen, wie die ω-Phase im β-Mischkristall und die α2-Phase im α-Mischkristall ausgeschieden werden. Der α-Mischkristall weist eine starke Anisotropie auf, so daß mit Textur behaftete Proben eine Richtungsabhängigkeit der mechanischen Eigenschaften aufweisen. Ausgehend von diesen Grundlagen wird gezeigt, wie sich diese Gefügezustände auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften insbesondere bei schwingender Beanspruchung auswirken.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090205
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    Werkstoff - Konstruktion - Fertigung (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 73-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Ähnlich wie zum Taschentext 55 (Eisenwerkstoffe), der im Jahr 1977 im Verlag dieser Zeitschrift erschienen ist, wird mit dem Abdruck einiger Abschnitte aus dem Taschentext 56 (Metallische Nichteisenwerkstoffe) auf die Bedeutung dieser Werkstoffgruppe hingewiesen. Die Taschentexte der Reihe „Werkstoffkunde“ sollen den Studierenden der Ingenieurtechnik und ebenso den Ingenieur der Praxis mit Wesen und Eigenschaften technischer Werkstoffe bekannt machen. Dabei werden weniger die metallkundlichen als vielmehr die anwendungstechnischen Fragen in den Vordergrund gestellt.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090207
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    Masthead (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090301
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  • 76
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    Nachrichten - Hinweise (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. A20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090302
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  • 77
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    Nachrichten - Hinweise (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. A24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090303
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  • 78
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    Zur Wechselwirkung von MehrfachrissenVeränderte Fassung des Vortrags auf der 7. Sitzung des Arbeitskreises Bruchvorgänge im DVM, 8./10. 10. 1975, Aachen (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 86-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Interaction of CracksStress intensity factors for multiple cracks in a plate under tension are reviewed. In addition to the known results for symmetrically arranged cracks the interaction effects due to rotation of one of the cracks relative to the load direction are calculated and in some cases examined experimentally. The results are discussed with reference to the safety assessment of structural components.
    Notes: Spannungsfaktoren von Mehrfachrissen in einer Scheibe unter Zug werden gesichtet. Erweiternd zu den bekannten Ergebnissen für symmetrische Rißanordnungen werden die Wechselwirkungseffekte, die bei der Drehung eines der Risse gegen die angelegte Spannung auftreten, numerisch und zum Teil experimentell untersucht. Die Ergebnisse werden im Hinblick auf Sicherheitsbeurteilung von Bauteilen diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090305
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    Derzeitiger Stand der Lebensdauervorhersage für BauteileAus „VDI-Berichte 268, Werkstoff- und Bauteilverhalten unter Schwingbeanspruchung“ - Tagung der VDI- Fachgruppe Werkstofftechnik November 1976 - mit freundlicher Genehmigung der VDI-Verlag GmbH, Düsseldorf. (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 77-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The State of the Art in the Fatigue Live Evaluation of ComponentsFor fatigue life estimations of components many compromises must be entered in the utilization of available fatigue design data. The parameters of the chosen design data which do not fit the component to be evaluated are in most cases taken into consideration by very global factors. These factors and the inaccuracies of Miner's Rule provide only a rough estimate of the fatigue life of a component. When the component is allready available, these uncertainties can be reduced by performing a fatigue test with service like load-time histories and a relative Miner's Calculation. For the same reason the total knowledge about the service fatigue behaviour of similar components should be taken into account in the life estimation.
    Notes: Bei praktisch allen Abschätzungen der Schwingfestigkeit eines Bauteils müssen Kompromisse bei der Auswahl der Bemessungs-Diagramme eingegangen werden. Die für das Bauteil nicht zutreffenden Parameter der Bemessungsunterlagen müssen recht pauschal durch Abschlagfaktoren berücksichtigt werden. Zusammen mit den Ungenauigkeiten der Miner-Regel können sich daraus recht erhebliche Fehleinschätzungen der Betriebslebensdauer eines Bauteiles ergeben. Wenn das Bauteil zur Verfügung steht, können diese Unsicherheiten durch einen Versuch mit betriebsähnlichem Kollektiv, verbunden mit einer Relativ-Miner Rechnung zum größten Teil vermieden werden. Aus dem gleichen Grunde sollten alle Kenntnisse über das Schwingfestigkeitsverhalten des Bauteils im Betrieb bei der Berechnung der Lebensdauer berücksichtigt werden.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090304
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  • 80
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    Zum Zusammenhang zwischen Eigenschaften und Gefügestruktur mehrphasiger Werkstoffe. Teil III: Gefügestruktur und Elastizitätsmodul (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 96-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: On the relationship between the properties and the microstructure of multiphase materials. Part III: Microstructure and Youngs Modulus of Elasticity
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090307
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    Ultraschallschwächungsmessungen an einem martensitaushärtbaren Stahl (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 92-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ultrasonic Attenuation Measurements of a Maraging SteelThe objective of this study was to investigate the influence of nm-precipitation of a precipitation hardening steel on the ultrasonic attenuation. The applied steel X 2 NiCoMo 1885 was solution annealed and subsequently precipitation hardened at 480 °C at different holding times. A clear correlation between ultrasonic attenuation coefficient for 4 Mc and hardness values measured in the range of the hardness increase can be seen. The particle density of the microstructure given is considered as the common cause of the influence of both parameters. The increase in the particle density leads to a decrease in the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient. The reneward increase in the US-attenuation coefficient may additionally be influenced by the beginning austenit reformation and has not been investigated in more details here.
    Notes: Im Rahmen der hier durchgeführten Untersuchungen wurde der Einfluß von Ausscheidungen im nm-Bereich auf die Ultraschallschwächung an einem ausscheidungshärtenden Stahl untersucht. Der verwendete Stahl X 2 NiCoMo 1885 wurde lösungsgeglüht und anschließend bei 480 °C bei verschiedenen Zeiten ausgehärtet. Die gemessenen Härtewerte im Bereich des Härteanstiegs und der Ultraschall-Schwächungskoeffizient für 4 MHz zeigen eine eindeutige Korrelation. Als gemeinsame Ursache für die Beeinflussung beider Parameter wird die im Gefüge vorliegende Teilchendichte angesehen. Die Zunahme der Teilchendichte führt zu einer Abnahme des US-Schwächungskoeffizienten. Der erneute Anstieg des US-Schwächungskoeffizienten kann zusätzlich durch die einsetzende Austenitrückbildung beeinflußt werden und wurde daher hier nicht näher untersucht.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090306
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    Moderne Konstruktionsstähle - Schweißgeeignete hochfeste Feinkornbaustähle (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 101-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090308
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    Nachrichten - Hinweise (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. A25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090310
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    Werkstoff - Konstruktion - Fertigung. Material - Design - Production (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 109-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090309
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    Masthead (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090401
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    Nachrichten - Hinweise (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. A28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090402
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    Nachrichten - Hinweise (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. A32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090403
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    Untersuchungen zum Einfluß des Gefügezustandes auf das Rißausbreitungs-Verhalten bei einsinniger Belastung von TiAl6V4 (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 113-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations on the Effect of Microstructure on Crack Propagation during Unidirectional Loading of TiAl6V4Fracture mechanics tests were performed with the titanium alloy Ti-6 Al-4 V between -196°C and room temperatur. Crack propagation behaviour was characterized by the K-Δa-curve, KIo at the onset of stable crack extension and by KQ, determined with the 5% secant method. KQ is strongly dependent on the microstructure, whereas there is a less effect on KIo. For a material with a microstructure with a low fracture toughness the value KQ can be increased considerably by vaccum annealing at 750°C. There is only a small decrease of the yield strength.
    Notes: An der Titanlegierung TiAl6V4 wurden Bruchmechanikversuche zwischen -196°C und Raumtemperatur durchgeführt. Die Charakterisierung des Rißausbreitungsverhaltens erfolgte durch die K-Δa-Kurve bzw. durch KIobeim Einsetzen der stabilen Rißverlängerung und KQ, bestimmt mit dem 5% Sekantenverfahren. Die Gefügeausbildung hat einen großen Einfluß auf KQ, der Einfluß auf KIo ist geringer. Bei einem Material mit Gefüge mit niedriger Rißzähigkeit kann KQ durch eine Glühbehandlung bei 750°C im Vakuum beträchtlich erhöht werden. Die Streckgrenze sinkt dabei nur unwesentlich ab.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090404
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    Verschiebungsvektoren für den Vergleich von Av-T-Kurven (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 176-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Shift vectors for the comparison of Cv-T-curvesIt is shown in this paper that a shift in the Cv-T-curves caused by mechanical or thermal treatment, or by irradiation with particles of high energy can be better described by a shift vector given by the inversion points of a functionally determined curve than with the currently used empirical criteria. Moreover, the shift of a whole curve can be described by a vector whose components are the shifts of all parameters used for the calculation of the curve.The resulting vector of a Cv-T-curve may, for instance, be connected functionally with the neutron fluence. This makes it possible to compute shift vectors.
    Notes: In dieser Arbeit wird gezeigt, daß die durch mechanische oder thermische Einwirkung oder durch Bestrahlung mit hochenergetischen Teilchen hervorgerufene Verschiebung von AvT-Kurven durch die Verschiebung des funktionell bestimmten Wendepunktes mit einem Verschiebungsvektor besser beschrieben werden kann als mit den bisher üblichen empirischen Kriterien. Darüber hinaus kann die Verschiebung der gesamten Kurve durch einen Vektor beschrieben werden, dessen Komponenten die Verschiebungen aller zur Berechnung der Kurven verwendeten Parameter sind.Der Ergebnisvektor einer Av-T-Kurve kann z. B. mit der Neutronenfluenz funktionell verknüpft werden. Dies ermöglicht die Berechnung von Verschiebungsvektoren.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090508
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  • 90
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    Electronic Resource
    Fortschritte in der technischen Anwendung von KunststoffverbundsystemenErstveröffentlichung in: VDI-Bericht 277, VDI-Verlag GmbH, Düsseldorf 1977. (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 164-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Progresses in the application of plastic compound materialsPlastics possess a number of various properties one cannot find in another material in this combination. Beyond that the desired properties can be reached by compounding several different materials. The best known example is the glass reinforced plastic. The arguments for the application of compound materials are very different: increase of strength and stiffness, cheaper injection moulded parts due to shorter cycle times, thinner wall-thicknesses and therefore less raw material consumption, lower distortion and thermal elongation for technical parts and excellent thermal insulation of the foams.Research on the topic of the bonding between the plastic and the carbon, glass and organic fibres led the way to an ever spreading field of the application of reinforced plastics.
    Notes: Kunststoffe weisen eine Reihe von Eigenschaften auf, die sich in diesen Kombinationen bei keinem anderen Werkstoff finden. Darüber hinaus können durch chemische oder mechanische Verbindungsvorgänge die gewünschten Eigenschaften mehrerer Materialien in einem Werkstoff vereinigt werden. Das bekannteste Beispiel für die mechanischen Verbundwerkstoffe auf Kunststoffbasis ist der glasfaserverstärkte Kunststoff. Die wesentlichen Argumente für den Einsatz von Verbundwerkstoffen sind ganz unterschiedlicher Art: Festigkeits- und Steifigkeitssteigerung, Fertigungskostensenkung durch kürzere Zykluszeiten für das Spritzgußverfahren, größere Formtreue bei Spritzgußteilen aus teilkristallinen Thermoplasten, geringere Wärmedehnung für Maschinenteile, bessere Wärmeisolation z. B. bei Schäumen, geringerer Verbrauch an Kunststoffen durch kleinere Bauteilwanddicken.Durch intensive Forschung und gute Fortschritte auf den Gebieten Haftung zwischen Faser und Kunststoff, Verarbeitbarkeit hochmoduliger Kohle- und Chemiefasern, Festigkeit, Temperatur- und Chemikalienbeständigkeit der Kunststoffe, Verarbeitungstechnologie für Spritzguß, Prepeg- und Naßverarbeitung hat sich der Anwendungsbereich der faserverstärkten Kunststoffe erheblich erweitert.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090506
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  • 91
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    Electronic Resource
    Tagungsbericht. Symposium: „Grundlagen und Praxis der Haftung beim Beschichten und Verbinden“ (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 180-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090509
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  • 92
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    Electronic Resource
    Titan und Titanlegierungen (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 181-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Seit 1949 hat die industrielle Herstellung von Titan ausgehend von den USA in Europa, Japan und den UdSSR zunehmende Bedeutung gewonnen. Heute zählt der Werkstoff mit einer Erzeugung an Schmelzblöcken von rd. 30 000 jato in der westlichen Welt zu den Konstruktionswerkstoffen, die in weiten Bereichen der Technik angewandt werden.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090510
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weichmagnetische Werkstoffe- Grundlagen, Legierungen, Eigenschaften, Lieferformen, Anwendungen. Von Richard Boll. Vacuumschmelze GmbH., Hanau und Berlin. Dritte völlig überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage, 1977. Eigenverlag. 348 Seiten, zahlreiche Bilder, zahlreiche Tabellen (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 188-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090511
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  • 94
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    Electronic Resource
    Nachrichten - Hinweise (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. A54 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090703
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Angewandte Elektrochemie. Grundlagen der elektrolytischen Produktionsverfahren. Von A. Schmidt. 1. Auflage, Verlage, Chemie GmbH., Weinheim New York. 1976, 328 Seiten, 135 Bilder, 72 Tabellen, XVI Ln. - 98, -DM (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 263-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090708
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glas, Natur, Struktur und Eigenschaften. Von H. Scholze. 2. Auflage, Springer-Verlag. 1977, 342 Seiten, 161 Bilder, 39 Tabellen, IX. Ln.- 98, - DM (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 263-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090709
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nachrichten - Hinweise (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. A65 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090809
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  • 98
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    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090901
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nachrichten - Hinweise (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. A68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090902
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermisch bedingte Strukturveränderungen bei galvanisch und chemisch hergestellten Nickel-DispersionsschichtenTeilauszug aus der vom Fachbereich Maschinenbau der TH Darmstadt genehmigten Dissertation des zweitgenannten Verfassers (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 305-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Thermally Induced Structural Changes in Nickel Composite Coatings
    Notes: Dispersionsschichten werden durch Mitabscheidung von im Elektrolyten suspendierten Feststoffteilchen in eine galvanisch oder chemisch erzeugte Metallmatrix hergestellt. Derartige Teilchenverbundwerkstoffe werden in verschiedenen technischen Anwendungsfällen eingesetzt und haben sich bewährt. Die wohl am häufigsten verwendete Schicht besteht aus Ni-SiC. Beim Einsatz dieser Schicht im Bereich höherer Temperaturen ist mit Veränderungen der Schichteigenschaften zu rechnen. Bei der Auswahl der Ni-SiC-Schicht für bestimmte Anwendungen müssen derartige thermisch bedingte Eigenschaftsänderungen berücksichtigt werden.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090907
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