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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 42 (1999), S. 1575-1580 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Enteric stomas ; Enterostoma ; Colostomy ; Ileostomy ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: A retrospective analysis of enteric stomas performed at Cook County Hospital was undertaken to evaluate stoma complications per stoma type and configuration and operating service. In addition, we attempted to identify factors predictive of increased enteric stoma complications. METHODS: From 1976 to 1995, data cards on 1,616 patients with stomas were compiled by Cook County Hospital enteric stomal therapists. Data card information included age, gender, weight, early and late stoma complications, emergency status, operating service, type and configuration of the stoma, and whether the patient was seen preoperatively by an enteric stomal therapist. Data were then analyzed using a logistic regression model to identify those variables that influenced the rate of complications. RESULTS: There were 553 (34 percent) patients with complications. Among the total complications, 448 (28 percent) occurred early (〈1 month postoperative), and 105 (6 percent) occurred late (〉1 month). The most common early complications were skin irritation (12 percent), pain associated with poor stoma location (7 percent), and partial necrosis (5 percent). The most common late complications were skin irritation (6 percent), prolapse (2 percent), and stenosis (2 percent). The enteric stoma with the most complications was the loop ileostomy (75 percent). The enteric stoma with the least complications was the end transverse colostomy (6 percent). The general surgery service had the most complications (47 percent), followed by gynecology (44 percent), surgical oncology (37 percent), colorectal (32 percent), pediatric surgery (29 percent), and trauma (25 percent). Age, operating service, enteric stoma type and configuration, and preoperative enteric stomal therapist marking were found to be variables that influenced stoma complications. CONCLUSIONS: Complications from enteric stoma construction are common. Preoperative enteric stoma site marking, especially in older patients, and avoiding the ileostomy, particularly in the loop configuration, can help minimize complications.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Postoperative adhesions ; Prevention ; Bioresorbable membrane ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract INTRODUCTION: Various substances and agents have been evaluated to prevent postoperative adhesion formation. Recently a sodium hyaluronate-based bioresorbable membrane was introduced with promising clinical results. Its application was regarded as safe and efficient. METHODS: We present the first reported case of a severe inflammatory reaction to a bioresorbable membrane and give a review of the related literature. CONCLUSION: Bioresorbable membranes are increasingly used by general surgeons and gynecologists to reduce postoperative adhesion formation. Bioresorbable membranes may produce extensive inflammatory reactions.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Adhesions ; Complications ; Small-bowel obstruction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: The study contained herein was undertaken to establish the incidence of small-bowel obstruction, adhesiolysis for obstruction, and additional abdominal surgery after open colorectal and general surgery. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed using patient-specific Health Care Financing Administration data to evaluate a random 5 percent sample of all Medicare patients who underwent surgery in 1993. Of these, 18,912 patients had an index abdominal procedure. Two-year follow-up data documented outcomes of hospitalizations with obstruction, adhesiolysis for obstruction, and/or additional open colorectal or general surgery. RESULTS: Within two years of incision, excision, and anastomosis of intestine (International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 code 45), 14.3 percent of patients had obstructions, 2.6 percent required adhesiolysis for obstructions, and 12.9 percent underwent additional open colorectal or general surgery. After other operations of intestine (ICD code 46), 17 percent of patients had obstructions, 3.1 percent required adhesiolysis for obstructions, and 20.2 percent underwent additional open colorectal or general surgery. After operations of rectum, rectosigmoid, and perirectal tissue (ICD code 48), 15.3 percent of patients had obstructions, 5.1 percent required adhesiolysis for obstructions, and 16.4 percent underwent additional open colorectal or general surgery. After other operations on the abdominal region (ICD code 54), 12.4 percent of patients had obstructions, 2.3 percent required adhesiolysis for obstructions, and 8.8 percent underwent additional open colorectal or general surgery. CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective study of Medicare patients, we learned that bowel obstruction, adhesiolysis for obstructions, and additional abdominal surgery occurred more often after abdominal surgery than was previously published.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Crohn's disease ; Perforating disease ; Nonperforating disease ; Ileocecal resection ; Complications ; Recurrence rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to study the natural history of perforating and nonperforating ileocecal Crohn's disease. METHODS: One hundred sixty-five cases of primary ileocecal Crohn's disease operated on between 1975 and 1995 were reviewed. Perforating disease was defined as acute free perforation, subacute perforation with an abscess, or chronic perforation with an internal or external fistula. RESULTS: Perforating disease was identified in 72 patients (44 percent); 11 with acute free perforation, 18 with abscess formation, and 43 with fistulas. Postoperative complications occurred in 29 percent of perforating and in 23 percent of nonperforating disease (not a significant difference). There was no significant difference in the cumulative reoperation-free rate for recurrence at the ileocolonic anastomosis (perforating, 78 percentvs. nonperforating, 73 percent at 5 years and perforating, 61 percentvs. nonperforating, 55 percent at 10 years), or in the median time interval from the primary to the secondary operation (perforating, 49vs. nonperforating, 37 months). Seventy percent of perforating disease re-presented with perforating recurrence. Likewise, 83 percent of nonperforating disease re-presented with nonperforating (P〈0.0001) recurrence. Re-reoperation rate for re-recurrence at the ileocolonic anastomosis and median duration from the second operation to the third operation did not differ between perforating and nonperforating disease. Seventy-nine percent of perforating disease re-presented again with perforating disease, and 87 percent of nonperforating disease re-presented again with nonperforating disease as before (P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that perforating ileocecal disease usually re-presents in the way it did originally but does not represent a high-risk group for recurrence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 42 (1999), S. 797-803 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Small-bowel Crohn's disease ; Strictureplasty ; Complications ; Recurrence ; Short-bowel syndrome ; Small-bowel carcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to review the long-term outcome of strictureplasty for small-bowel Crohn's disease. METHODS: We reviewed 111 patients who underwent 285 primary strictureplasties (Heineke-Mikulicz, 236; Finney, 49) between 1980 and 1997. RESULTS: Eighty-seven patients (78 percent) had had previous bowel resections. Forty-six patients (41 percent) required synchronous resection for perforating disease (abscess or fistula) or long strictures (〉20 cm). The mean number of strictureplasties was three (range, 1–11). There were no operative deaths. Septic complications (fistula or intra-abdominal abscess) related to strictureplasty developed in eight patients (7 percent), of whom two required a proximal ileostomy. Abdominal symptoms were relieved in 95 percent of patients. The majority (95 percent) of patients with preoperative weight loss gained weight (median gain, +2 kg; range, −6 to +22.3 kg). After a median follow-up of 107 months, symptomatic recurrence occurred in 60 patients (54 percent). In 11 patients symptomatic recurrence was successfully managed by medical treatment. Forty-nine patients (44 percent) required reoperation for recurrence: strictureplasty alone in 22 patients, resection alone in 19 patients, strictureplasty and resection in 6 patients, and ileostomy alone in 2 patients. Eighteen patients (16 percent) required a third operation. One patient died from a small-bowel carcinoma which developed in the vicinity of a previous stricture-plasty. Two of 19 patients with diffuse jejunoileal disease developed short-bowel syndrome, and were receiving long-term parenteral nutrition. Two other patients were taking corticosteroids for recurrent symptoms. All other patients were asymptomatic, receiving neither medical treatment nor nutritional support. CONCLUSIONS: Strictureplasty is a safe and efficacious procedure for small-bowel Crohn's disease in the long-term.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 42 (1999), S. 457-459 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Sphincter repair ; Acceleratedstay program ; Hospitalization ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to describe an accelerated-stay program for repair of the external anal sphincter. METHODS: Twenty consecutive patients undergoing overlapping repair of the external anal sphincter were included in the study. Effect parameters were length of hospitalization and complications within 30 days after the operation. Surgery was performed during the period of March 1993 to May 1997. The accelerated-stay program included preoperative information, no premedication, a surgical procedure without colostomy, single-dose prophylactic antibiotics, paracetamol for analgesia, free oral fluid and food immediately after the operation supplemented by laxatives, and enforced mobilization. Follow-up by questionnaire was performed at a median of 14 (range, 4–52) months after the operation. RESULTS: Median hospital stay was one day. Fifteen patients were discharged the day after surgery and 5 patients stayed for 48 hours after the operation. There was no 30-day morbidity, and no patient received a colostomy in conjunction with the sphincter repair. Fourteen of 19 patients available for follow-up reported a significantly improved functional result compared with preoperative state. CONCLUSION: We have described a safe accelerated-stay program (24 to 48 hours) for overlapping repair of external anal sphincter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Rectal cancer ; Colostomy ; Perineal colostomy ; Anorectal reconstruction ; Dynamic graciloplasty ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Until recently, patients who underwent abdominoperineal resections had to cope with a colostomy for the rest of their lives. For some of these patients this colostomy was a terrible burden, physically and mentally. Publications about abdominoperineal pull-through and double dynamic graciloplasty immediately after a Miles resection showed good results. The purpose of this study was to investigate the procedure as a secondary approach after abdominoperineal resections. METHODS: In this study seven patients were evaluated. All had had an abdominoperineal resection and proved to have unbearable problems with their stoma. All had a secondary pull-through and double dynamic graciloplasty, a mean of 8.5 (range, 1.1–34.8) years after the Miles resection. RESULTS: In five patients continence was regained; two were reversed to colostomy because of several complications. Patients who had a successful outcome also suffered from numerous complications, with a total mean hospital stay of 73.8 (range, 27–167) days, a mean of 3.1 (range, 1–6) additional operations, and 1.8 (range, 0–4) readmissions. CONCLUSION: Secondary anorectal reconstruction after abdominoperineal resection is a feasible option, but with a high morbidity. Because of this the procedure was stopped at the beginning of 1997.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Groin dissection ; Survival ; Complications ; Melanoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: The need for deep groin dissection when superficial nodes contain metastatic melanoma is controversial. Methods: A review of 362 therapeutic groin dissections performed at our tertiary referral center between 1961 and 1995 revealed 71 patients (20%) with positive iliac and/or obturator nodes. This group was analyzed for survival rates, prognostic factors for survival, regional tumor control, and morbidity. Results: Patients with involved deep nodes exhibited overall 5-year and 10-year survival rates of 24% (SE, 5%) and 20% (SE, 5%), respectively. Independent prognostic factors for survival were the number of positive iliac nodes (P = .0011), the Breslow thickness (P = .0069), and the site of the primary tumor (P = .0075). Patients with an unknown primary tumor seemed to have better prognoses. Seven patients (10%) experienced recurrence in the surgically treated groin. The shortand long-term morbidity rates (infection, 17%; skin flap necrosis, 15%; seroma, 17%; mild/ moderate lymphedema, 19%; severe lymphedema, 6%) compared well with those of other series studying inguinal as well as ilioinguinal dissections. Conclusions: From the present study it can be concluded that removal of deep lymph node metastases is worthwhile, because one of every five such patients survives for 10 years. Prognostic factors for survival are the number of involved iliac nodes, the Breslow thickness, and the site of the primary tumor. Long-term regional tumor control can be obtained for 90% of the patients. The morbidity of an additional deep lymph node dissection is acceptable.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Trauma und Berufskrankheit 1 (1999), S. 422-428 
    ISSN: 1436-6274
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Kortisontherapie ; Querschnittlähmung ; Komplikationen ; Key words Methylprednisolone ; Spinal paralysis ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: The clinical picture drawn from postoperative follow-up of patients with acute spinal cord injuries who received high-dose methylprednisolone therapy led us to question the validity of the results in the NASCIS II study. Therefore, we reviewed 40 patients with acute traumatic spinal cord injuries admitted to our hospital from 1994 to 1998. Thirty patients underwent high-dose methylprednisolone therapy within 8 hours according to the NASCIS II protocol. During the same period, ten patients received no methylprednisolone. Neurological deficits were recorded at time of admission and after discharge according to ASIA scoring. Complications during entire hospital stay were noted. Neurological and functional outcome of incomplete spinal cord syndrome improved in all cases (100%) treated without methylprednisolone, but only 61% of those who did receive methylprednisolone. Control patients with primary complete spinal cord syndromes showed functional improvement in 25% of cases, compared to 9% of those receiving methylprednisolone. The rate of postoperative infections also increased in patients receiving methylprednisolone therapy. In particular, 16.7% were diagnosed with pneumonia, compared to 10% in patients without methylprednisolone therapy. Our study demonstrated a higher complication rate and no benefits to neurological or functional outcome in patients treated according to the NASCIS II protocol. Therefore, we do not recommend high dosage administration of methylprednisolone in cases of acute spinal cord injury.
    Notes: Der klinische Eindruck von postoperativen Verläufen nach hochdosierter Methylprednisolontherapie der traumatischen Rückenmarkverletzung veranlaßte uns, die Ergebnisse der NASCIS-II-Studie auf ihre funktionelle und damit qualitative Relevanz zu überprüfen. Am Berufsgenossenschaftlichen Unfallkrankenhaus Hamburg wurden von 1994–1998 40 Patienten mit isolierter, akuter traumatischer Rückenmarkverletzung behandelt. 30 Patienten erhielten innerhalb von 8 h hochdosiert Methylprednisolon nach dem NASCIS-II-Schema. 10 Patienten wurden im gleichen Zeitraum ohne Kortikoide behandelt. Der Verlauf der neurologischen Ausfallsymptomatik wurde zum Zeitpunkt der Aufnahme und bei der Entlassung auf der Basis des ASIA-Scores erfaßt. Außerdem wurden über den gesamten stationären Aufenthalt die Komplikationen ermittelt. Es fand sich bei primär inkompletter Querschnittsymptomatik in 100% der Fälle eine Verbesserung der neurologischen Situation mit funktionellem Gewinn, wenn auf die Gabe von Methylprednisolon verzichtet wurde. Demgegenüber trat eine funktionell verwertbare Verbesserung in der Methylprednisolongruppe in nur 61% der Fälle ein. Bei primär kompletter Querschnittsymptomatik verbesserten sich in der Kontrollgruppe 25% mit funktionellem Benefit gegenüber 9%, die Methylprednisolon erhielten. Infektionen traten gehäuft unter Methylprednisolongabe auf. Insbesondere entwickelten die mit Methylprednisolon behandelten Patienten häufiger eine Pneumonie (16,7% vs. 10%). Aufgrund der erhöhten Komplikationsrate und der in unserem Patientengut nicht nachweisbaren qualitativen Verbesserung der neurologischen Situation können wir daher die Anwendung von hochdosiertem Methylprednisolon in der Akutbehandlung von Rückenmarkverletzten nicht empfehlen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Notfall + Rettungsmedizin 2 (1999), S. 134-140 
    ISSN: 1436-0578
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Reanimation ; Komplikationen ; Fettembolie ; Extrathorakale Kompression ; Key words Fat embolism ; Resuscitation ; Closed-chest cardiac massage ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Chest compressions are a simple and efficient measure during CPR and well established since many years. However, whether they lead to serious complications yet needs to be answered. Among them thoracic fractures and injuries of inner organs (cardiac, hepatic, splenic) are well known. Additionally fat embolism of the lungs as well as other organs have been described. Concerning the pathogenesis different theories are discussed in the literature. This article reviews the most relevant literature of the last decades. Studies focusing on fat embolism have especially been carried out in trauma surgery and pathology. The actual incidence of fat embolism during trauma, long bone surgery, shock and CPR seems to be rather high. However a clinical manifestation is rarely apparent. Especially after (unsuccessful) CPR pathological studies revealed the degree of fat embolism to be rather low. Because specific studies on the incidence of fat embolism during CPR lack completly, the significance for CPR is unknown and can only be speculated on.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die extrathorakale Kompression des Herzens im Rahmen der Reanimation ist eine einfache und suffiziente Methode, die seit Jahren etabliert ist. Immer wieder wurde aber die Frage nach möglichen Komplikationen dieser mit großer Kraft durchgeführten Maßnahme gestellt. Neben Frakturen im Bereich des Thorax, sowie Verletzungen innerer Organe, vorwiegend Herz, Leber und Milz, wird in diesem Zusammenhang häufig auch die Fettembolie, vor allem der Lungen aber auch anderer Organe, genannt. Zu deren Entstehung gibt es unterschiedliche Theorien. Diese Übersicht berücksichtigt die wesentlichen Veröffentlichungen der letzten Jahrzehnte zu diesem Thema. Die Fettembolie wurde vor allem in pathologischen und unfallchirurgischen Studien untersucht. Die tatsächliche Inzidenz der Fettembolie bei Traumen, der operativen Versorgung von langen Röhrenknochen, Schockzuständen allgemein und nach Reanimationen scheint hoch zu sein. Sie scheint allerdings klinisch selten manifest zu werden. In den meisten Fällen nach (erfolgloser) Reanimation ist die in der pathologischen Untersuchung gefundene Ausprägung der Fettembolie gering bis mittelgradig. Aufgrund des Fehlens entsprechender Studien sind Überlegungen über die Bedeutung von Fettembolien im artifiziellen Kreislauf während einer Reanimation spekulativ.
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  • 11
    ISSN: 1438-8359
    Keywords: Key words: Schizophrenia ; Intravenous anesthetic agents ; Ketamine ; Propofol ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. We attempted to determine the frequency of adverse psychological events after total intravenous anesthesia with propofol-fentanyl-ketamine (PFK) in surgical schizophrenic patients. Methods. PFK was used in 25 schizophrenic patients undergoing various surgical procedures from 1995 to 1997. Adverse events occurring during and after anesthesia were recorded. Psychiatric follow-up was also done during the first 3 postoperative weeks at least. Results. One patient died postoperatively of airway obstruction from concomitant severe malignant thyroid disease, but in the remaining patients neither respiratory nor cardiovascular states during or after anesthesia became unstable. None of the patients developed adverse psychological emergence reactions immediately after anesthesia. Two patients undergoing major surgical procedures exhibited delirium in the early postoperative days despite taking their routine antipsychotic drugs postoperatively. Conclusions. We suggest that PFK maintains stable respiratory and cardiovascular states, and causes no psychological emergence reactions in schizophrenic surgical patients. However, adverse psychological events may occur postoperatively, probably due to continued psychic stress. We therefore recommend appropriate perioperative management and further psychological studies for such patients.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1438-8359
    Keywords: Key words: Subdural catheterization ; Complications ; Epidural anesthesia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neurosurgical review 22 (1999), S. 45-49 
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Keywords: Key words Myelomeningocele ; Kyphosis ; Spinal osteotomy ; Complications ; CSF circulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Kyphosis in myelomeningocele is characterized by a complex pattern of problems during development and therapy. On the one hand, decompensation of upright posture leads to loss of sitting ability and social integration; on the other hand, accompanying malformations and trophic alterations threaten the physical integrity and performance. Neurologic function, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation, skeletal deformity and the urinary transport system need to be kept in mind and need to be treated with cooperation between the different specialties. Especially during serious surgical interventions such as spinal surgery, neither the nervous system nor the kidneys must be ignored. Sixteen patients underwent kyphectomy in the Orthopedic Department of the University of Mainz between 1993 and 1997, all of them supervised by the Neurosurgical Department. In 13 cases, transversal myelotomy was performed. No insufficiency of CSF circulation was seen; neither were there any CSF fistulae. Particular problems arose from the skin and soft tissue above the gibbus, the lack of muscles and the regeneration deficiency caused by trophic disorders. Therefore, a significantly higher complication rate was found than with other correctional operations.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rechtsmedizin 9 (1999), S. 145-147 
    ISSN: 1434-5196
    Keywords: Key words Prostate ; Transrectal biopsy ; Complications ; Fatal haemorrhage ; Pelvis ; Schlüsselwörter Prostata ; Transrektale Biopsie ; Komplikationen ; Tödliche Beckenblutung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bericht über einen 79jährigen Mann, der 2 Tage nach Durchführung einer ultraschallgesteuerten transrektalen Biopsie der Prostata an den Folgen einer massiven Blutung in das kleine Becken verstarb. Ursächlich war eine Perforation des linken Prostatalappens mit Verletzung periprostatischer Gefäße. Über eine derartige Komplikation wurde im wissenschaftlichen Schrifttum bisher nicht berichtet. Das Ermittlungsverfahren unter strafrechtlichen Gesichtspunkten wurde eingestellt.
    Notes: Abstract A 79-year-old man died of fatal haemorrhage into the soft tissue of the true pelvis 2 days after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostatic biopsy. Autopsy revealed a perforation of the left prostatic lobe with ruptures of the periprostatic vessels. A similar case of transrectal prostatic biopsy-associated complication has not been described previously. The judicial enquiries were discontinued.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie 3 (1999), S. 98-101 
    ISSN: 1434-3940
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Piercing ; Oral ; Komplikationen ; Lokal ; Systemisch ; Key words Piercing ; Oral ; Complications ; Local ; Systemic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Oral and facial piercing with different kinds of body art are being observed more frequently in medical and dental practices. Principally, piercing is not a new form of body art and is traditional in different geographical areas. Various materials are used. Besides tongue and lip piercing, different locations of the face such as the eyebrows and the nose are anatomical areas of piercing. The aim of this article is to demonstrate different forms of oral piercing, illustrated by own observations. The piercing procedure is briefly described. Piercing is usually performed without local anaesthesia and stepwise. In a literature review, the possible risks and complications are summarised. Postprocedural complications are oedema, haemorrhage and infection. Other complications are foreign body granulomas or allergies, particularly against nickel. Dentists, and oral- and maxillofacial surgeons should be in a position to advise patients with oral or facial piercings or those who plan to have this type of body art performed.
    Notes: Orales und faziales Piercing mit unterschiedlichen Schmuckelementen wird in den letzten Jahren zunehmend häufiger in ärztlichen und zahnärztlichen Praxen beobachtet. Das Piercing ist prinzipiell keine neue Schmuckform und hat in verschiedenen geographischen Bereichen lange Tradition, wobei verschiedene Materialien zur Anwendung kommen. Neben dem Zungen- und Lippenpiercing werden unterschiedliche Gesichtsregionen, wie die Augenbrauen und Nasenflügel, als anatomische Orte des Piercings gewählt. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist die Darstellung verschiedener oraler Piercingformen anhand von eigenen Beobachtungen. Die eigentliche Piercingprozedur wird kurz beschrieben. Sie erfolgt ohne Lokalanästhesie und meist zweiseitig. In einer Literaturübersicht werden mögliche Risiken und Komplikationen zusammengestellt. Neben unmittelbar postprozeduralen Komplikationen, wie Ödem, Blutung oder Infektion, können Spätfolgen in Form von Fremdkörpergranulomen oder Allergien, v.a. gegen Nickel, auftreten. Zahnärzte, Oralchirurgen und Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgen sollten in der Lage sein, Patienten, die orofaziales Piercing tragen oder sich anfertigen lassen wollen, entsprechend zu beraten.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Arthroskopie 12 (1999), S. 252-259 
    ISSN: 1434-3924
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Arthrofibrose ; Arthrolyse ; Kniebandchirurgie ; Komplikationen ; Arthroskopische Arthrolyse ; Offene Arthrolyse ; Key words Arthrofibrosis ; Arthroscopic arthrolysis ; Open arthrolysis ; Knee ligament surgery ; Complications ; Loss of range-of-motion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Arthrofibrosis of the knee may be a localized or generalized condition. The localized forms are cylops tumors, hypertrophic cruciate grafts due to notch-impingement, and intra- or extraarticular adhaesions. These problems can usually be managed by limited, arthroscopic procedures. Generalized arthrofibrosis is caused by a diffuse inflammatory reaction of the knee with fibrosis of the anterior fat pad and the parapatellar retinaculae and contracture of the posterior capsule. Treatment should include open resection of the dense fibrotic tissue, replacing the fat pad and parts of the anterior retinaculae. In addition, open posterior capsulotomy allows for complete extension of the knee. A total of 115 cases have been treated by the authors, and the results of 53 are reported.
    Notes: Die Arthrofibrose des Kniegelenks sollte in eine lokalisierte und eine generalisierte Form differenziert werden. Lokalisierte Arthrofibrosen sind das Zyklopssyndrom, die Transplantathypertrophie bei Notch-Impingement und die intra- bzw. extraartikuläre Bridenbildung. Diese Pathologien können durch limitierte, meist arthroskopische Eingriffe therapiert werden. Die generalisierte Arthrofibrose ist eine entzündliche Reaktion des gesamten Gelenks unter besonderer Betonung des Hoffa-Fettkörpers und der Retinacula. Durch Sklerosierung des Hoffa-Fettkörpers und hintere Kapselschrumpfung entstehen hartnäckige Streckdefizite. Therapeutisch sollte in diesen Fällen ein limitiertes anteriores Débridement mit einer posterioren Kapsulotomie kombiniert werden. Insgesamt wurden 115 Fälle operativ behandelt, die Ergebnisse von 53 nachuntersuchten Patienten werden dargestellt.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1248-9204
    Keywords: Hernia repair ; Laparoscopy ; Complications ; Neuralgia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of our retrospective study was to quantify the incidence of chronic pain and cutaneous sensory changes among various anterior and posterior hernia repairs and then to compare laparoscopic with open techniques. A detailed questionnaire was sent in January 1998 to patients operated on from 1992 to 1996. Patients had to record their current parietal status and assess the result from their personal point of view. The replies were recorded without any medical adjustment. Of 545 patients treated for 617 groin hernias, 490 were followed for 1 to 5 years (median 3 years, 2 months). One hundred and ten patients (23%) experienced symptoms persisting for more than one year, including 50 cases of cutaneous sensory changes and 71 cases of pain. Twenty-four patients (5%) assessed their discomfort as more troublesome than the hernia they had before, overriding the benefits of a solid repair. There was no statistical difference concerning the incidence of chronic pain between the nonprosthetic and prosthetic (“tension-free”) subgroups or between the open and laparoscopic subgroups. Forty-five of 50 cutaneous sensory changes occurred after the inguinal approach. The incidence of such changes was 10 times lower in the laparoscopic than in the open subgroup (p〈0.001). Our study confirms that pain and sensory changes are more frequent and persistent than generally estimated and that they can interfere with the patient's daily life. Posterior approaches, in particular laparoscopic, were associated with statistically fewer sensory changes than inguinal approaches. These results suggest using questionnaires about the quality of life when evaluating hernia repair.
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1128-045X
    Keywords: Key words Coloanal anastomosis ; Defunctioning stoma ; Complications ; Disease-free survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The role of a temporary defunctioning stoma in patients undergoing coloanal anastomosis remains controversial. Previous experimental studies have shown that the defunctioned colon is more resistant to neoplasia. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a defunctioning stoma was able to decrease complication rates and, also, to evaluate whether it had any impact on recurrence and survival rates in patients who underwent coloanal anastomosis. The records of 173 patients, 54 with benign rectal disease and 119 patients with cancer, operated on between 1980 and 1996, were retrospectively reviewed. Eighty-nine patients had a defunctioning stoma, 34 in the benign rectal disease and 55 in the cancer group. Mean age was 57.2 years (range 17–88). There were 126 men and 47 women. Follow-up was 57.2 month (range 17–88). There were 126 men and 47 women. Follow-up was done by clinical examination, telephone or mailed questionnaire. Mean time of follow-up was 3.8 years (range 0–13 years). There was no operative mortality. Non-stoma patients tended to have more early complications (pelvic sepsis and obstruction) and more probability of having a permanent stoma than the stoma group, but no significant differences could be found between the two groups (P 〉 0.05). The probability of being free of stricture was greater in the non-stoma group (stoma 62.6%; non-stoma 78.5%; P 〈 0.05). Probability of disease-free survival, at 5 years, for rectal cancer patients, was 73.7% for the stoma group and 53.6% for non-stoma group (P = 0.02). After coloanal anastomosis, defunctioning stomas may decrease postoperative complications, increase the likelihood of anastomosis structure and allow a greater disease-free survival.
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  • 19
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    Emergency radiology 6 (1999), S. 146-148 
    ISSN: 1438-1435
    Keywords: Key words Intraspinal air ; traumatic ; Injuries ; spinal canal ; Radiography ; epidural space ; Radiography ; emphysema ; Radiography ; skull fractures ; Complications ; Wounds ; Nonpenetrating
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Traumatic pneumorachis is a rare but known complication of basilar skull fracture with air localized in the cervical subarachnoid space. Extradural, intraspinal and epidural air may also be associated with other traumatic etiologies. The incidental finding of intraspinal air in the trauma setting mandates a search for the etiology. We present a case of traumatic cervical pneumorachis and open skull fracture. Plain radiographs demonstrated subtle air lucency in the spinal canal.
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  • 20
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    Der Chirurg 70 (1999), S. 1131-1138 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Thyroid ; Surgery ; Litigation ; Recurrent nerve palsy ; Complications ; Malpractice. ; Schlüsselwörter: Schilddrüse ; Chirurgie ; Haftung ; Komplikationen ; Recurrensparese ; Behandlungsfehler.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung: Trotz steigender Häufigkeit medikolegaler Probleme ist die Kenntnis über Art und Häufigkeit von Behandlungsfehlern nach Operationen der Schilddrüse gering. Die Analyse eines Kollektivs von 21.515 Beschwerdefällen aus der Zeit von 1975–1998 im Raum der Ärztekammern Nordrhein und Baden-Württemberg ergab 222 Beschwerden (1 %) nach Operation der Schilddrüse. Die Zahl der Beschwerden stieg im Beobachtungszeitraum exponentiell an. In 36 Fällen (16 %) stellten die Gutachterkommissionen Behandlungsfehler fest. Die Beschwerde betraf in 95 % den Chirurgen, in 2 % den Anaesthesisten, in 3 % beide Disziplinen und einmal einen HNO-Arzt. Von den Beschwerden bezogen sich 90 % auf Komplikationen nach Routine-Eingriffen an der Schilddrüse. Operationstypische Komplikationen wie Recurrensparesen (50 %), Hypoparathyreoidismus (14 %), Nachblutung (3 %) und Spätrezidiv (1 %) machten zusammen 63 % der Behandlungsfehlervorwürfe, aber nur 31 % der bestätigten Behandlungsfehler aus. Atypische Komplikationen wie neurologische Defizite (10 %), Infektionen (5 %), belassene Knoten (4 %), Narbenprobleme (5 %) machten 37 % der Vorwürfe, aber 70 % der Behandlungsfehler aus. Aufklärungsmängel lagen bei nur 11 % der festgestellten Behandlungsfehler vor. Die Feststellung eines Behandlungsfehlers war besonders häufig gegeben, wenn eine erneute Operation erforderlich wurde (p 〈 0.001), wenn das Operationsziel nicht erreicht wurde (p 〈 0.001) oder wenn einer Komplikation ein Fehler in der Nachbehandlung folgte (p 〈 0.001).
    Notes: Summary. The frequency of medico-legal issues after surgery is rising. Knowledge of the character and frequency of such problems following surgery of the thyroid gland is scant. Analysis of 21,515 cases of adverse effects after medical treatment from 1975 through 1998 identified 222 cases (1 %) of litigation following surgery for thyroid diseases. The frequency of litigation problems rose exponentially during this interval. Malpractice was confirmed in 36 cases (16 %). The litigation was directed against the surgeon in 95 % of cases, the anesthesiologist in 2 %, both of them in 3 % and the ear-nose-throat surgeon in one case. Eighty-nine percent of the 222 cases occurred after routine thyroid surgery. Typical complications such as recurrent nerve palsy (50 %), hypoparathyroidism (14 %), bleeding (3 %), and late goiter recurrence (1 %) accounted for 63 % of the presumed but for only 31 % of ascertained malpractice cases. Atypical complications such as other neurologic deficits (10 %), infections (5 %), residual nodules (4 %), scar problems (5 %) accounted for 37 % of the suspected but for 70 % of confirmed malpractice cases. Deficiencies in obtaining informed consent were present in only 11 %. Malpractice was more frequently judged to be present, if a second operation was necessary (P 〈 0.001), if the goal of the operation had been missed (P 〈 0.001), or if any kind of complication was followed by a fault in postoperative care (P 〈 0.001).
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  • 21
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    Der Chirurg 70 (1999), S. 635-642 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Continent ileostomy ; Ileoanal pouch ; Conversion operation ; Complications ; Quality of life. ; Schlüsselwörter: Kontinente Ileostomie ; ileoanaler Pouch ; Konversionsoperation ; Komplikationen ; Lebensqualität.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. In 12 Jahren wurden 73 Patienten mit kontinenter Ileostomie operiert. Wegen Kontraindikationen gegen den ileoanalen Pouch erfolgten 19 Primäranlagen, wegen der psychologischen Ablehnung des inkontinenten Stomas wurden 30 Ileostomien und wegen Dysfunktionen 9 ileoanale Pouchanlagen konvertiert. 15 präexistente kontinente Ileostomien wurden wegen Ventilkomplikationen korrigiert. Perioperative Komplikationen (14/73) waren nur zu einem Drittel mit der Konstruktion der kontinenten Ileostomie assoziiert. Chirurgische Spätkomplikationen der Nippelfunktion sanken mit Änderungen der Operationstechnik von 41,1 % über 20,0 % auf 4,8 % und waren immer reparabel. Eine Pouchitis trat in 26,8 % bei Colitis ulcerosa (11/41) auf im Gegensatz zu umschriebenen Ileumrezidiven in 40,0 % bei Morbus Crohn (6/15). Die definitive Erfolgsrate über die Zeit betrug bei Colitis ulcerosa und familiärer adenomatöser Polyposis zusammen 98,1 % (53/54), ansonsten nur 63,2 % (12/19). Zuletzt war die kontinente Ileostomie zur universellen und sicheren Konversionsoperation nach anderen Voroperationen geworden.
    Notes: Summary. Over a period of 12 years, 73 patients received a continent ileostomy. 19 Kock pouches were primarily constructed due to contraindications against the ileoanal pouch, 30 ileostomies were converted due to psychological rejection of the incontinent stoma and 9 ileoanal pouches for dysfunction. 15 Kock pouches had to be corrected for nipple valve complications. Perioperative complications (14/73) were related to the Kock pouch in only one third of cases. Surgical late complications of the nipple valve function decreased with technical modifications from 41.1 % to 20.0 % and then to 4.8 %. They could always be dealt with surgically. Pouchitis was observed in 26.8 % of cases of ulcerative colitis (11/41), and in 6/15 patients with Crohn's disease (40.0 %) complicated ileal recurrences developed. The definitive rate of success over the time was 98.1 % in ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis (53/54) and 63.2 % in other conditions (12/19). Continent ileostomy has become universal and safe method for conversion of any previous operation.
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  • 22
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    Der Nervenarzt 70 (1999), S. 920-923 
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Bandscheibenprolaps ; Chemonukleolyse ; Komplikationen ; Myelopathie ; Key words Disc prolapse ; Chemonucleolysis ; Complications ; Myelopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Chemonucleolysis is a debated therapeutic method for herniated lumbar disc. We report a patient who suffered a sequence of characteristic sequels cumulating in late-onset myelopathy with persistent spastic paraplegia, sensory loss below T8 and bladder incontinence. Complications of chemonucleolysis are less frequent as compared to herniated disc surgery, but may cause severe impediment. Serious complications are anaphylactic shock, intracranial or spinal hemorrhage and transverse myelitis. This has to be taken into account for indication and patient information.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Chemonukleolyse ist eine kontrovers beurteilte Behandlungsmethode des lumbalen Bandscheibenprolaps. Wir berichten über eine Patientin, die eine Reihe typischer Komplikationen erlitt, darunter eine subakute Spätmyelopathie. Statistisch treten nach Chemonukleolyse zwar seltener Komplikationen auf als bei operativen Therapieverfahren des lumbalen Bandscheibenprolaps, sie führen jedoch z.T. zu erheblichen Beeinträchtigungen. Zu den schwersten Komplikationen zählen allergische Reaktionen, zerebrale und spinale Blutungen und transverse Myelitiden. Dies muß bei Indikationsstellung der Chemonukleolyse und bei der Aufklärung der Patienten berücksichtigt werden.
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  • 23
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    Der Chirurg 70 (1999), S. 1492-1493 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Small bowel obstruction ; Laparoscopy ; Complications ; Staples. ; Schlüsselwörter: Dünndarmileus ; Laparoskopie ; Komplikationen ; Clip.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Die Benutzung von mechanischen Klammergeräten hat in der endoskopischen Chirurgie weitverbreitete Anwendung und Akzeptanz erfahren. Auch eine der häufigsten durchgeführten chirurgischen Operationen, die Appendektomie, wird oft laparoskopisch durchgeführt. Dabei kommt es zu dem Gebrauch von endoskopischen Staplern, bei deren Einsatz es häufig zu einem Verlust einzelner abgefeuerter Clips in die freie Bauchhöhle kommt. Wir berichten über den Fall einer 23 jährigen Patientin, die sich 2 Wochen nach durchgeführter laparoskopischer Appendektomie mit den klinischen Zeichen eines Dünndarmileus in unserer Klinik vorstellte. Bei der daraufhin durchgeführten explorativen Laparotomie fand sich ein mechanischer Dünndarmileus, der durch eine von einem freien intraperitonealen Clip ausgehende Bride verursacht wurde. Die Klammer wurde entfernt und die Bride gelöst. Der Darm erholte sich vollständig, so daß eine Darmresektion nicht notwendig wurde. Der weitere postoperative Verlauf war komplikationslos. Wir sehen in dem intraperitoneal verlorengegangenen Clip die Ursache dieses mechanischen Dünndarmileus.
    Notes: Summary. In the last 10years the use of mechanical stapling devices in endoscopic surgery have found widespread application and acceptance. Even one of the most common surgical operations, the appendectomy, is done regularly laparoscopically. Therefore, utilization of endostaples is commonplace and often results in the spillage of fired staples beyond the margin tissue. We report the case of a 23-year-old patient who developed the clinical signs of bowel obstruction 2 weeks after laparoscopical appendectomy. An exploratory laparotomy was subsequently performed. At the time of exploration, a single band was identified that draped over the ilium central affixed to a staple. The staple was removed and the obstruction relieved without bowel resection. The patient had an uncomplicated recovery. We believe that the cause of this mechanical bowel obstruction was a loose staple.
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  • 24
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    Der Orthopäde 28 (1999), S. 538-549 
    ISSN: 1433-0431
    Keywords: Key words Ankle • Arthroscopy • Surgery • ; Complications ; Schlüsselwörter OSG • Arthroskopie • Operationen • ; Komplikationen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Anhand der eigenen Erfahrung sowie den Angaben in der Literatur werden Indikation, notwendige Ausrüstung, Lagerung, Operationstechnik, Ergebnisse und Komplikationen beschrieben. Als günstige Indikationen haben sich die Entfernung freier Gelenkkörper sowie Synovektomien bei Rheumapatienten oder im Falle eines akuten Gelenkinfekts erwiesen. Die arthroskopische Therapie der anterioren Pathologie des Sportlersprunggelenks erfordert eine sorgfältige präoperative Abklärung; die Ergebnisse sind nicht immer zufriedenstellend für das oft hohe Anspruchsdenken der Patienten. Knorpelchirurgische Maßnahmen sind technisch durchführbar, eine abschließende Bewertung hierzu ist jedoch nicht möglich, gleiches gilt für die Behandlung der Osteochondrosis dissecans. Bei klinisch manifesten arthrotischen Veränderungen ist durch ein arthrokopisches Débridement allenfalls eine temporäre Besserung zu erwarten. Die arthroskopisch assistierte Arthrodese (AAA) ist technisch anspruchsvoll, stellt bei entsprechender Indikation jedoch eine sehr gute Alternative zur konventionellen Technik dar. Die Komplikationsrate bei der Arthroskopie des Sprunggelenks ist höher als bei anderen Gelenken. Dieses betrifft vor allem neurologische Komplikationen; aber auch die Infektionsrate ist größer als bei anderen arthroskopischen Maßnahmen. Beides muß im Rahmen der präoperativen Aufklärung mit dem Patienten sorgfältig besprochen werden.
    Notes: Summary Based on the one experience and the information that is available in the literature indications for ankle arthroscopy are given, surgical equipment, patient placement and surgical technique of different procedures are described. Finally the results and possible complications are presented. Removal of loose bodies as well as synovectomies in case of an acute infection or rheumatoid arthritis are good indication. Arthroscopic treatment of anterior pathology in the athletic ankle need a thorough diagnostic work-up; the results of the treatment do not always meet the expectations of this especially demanding population. Cartilage treatment is technically possible, however, long term results are still missing. This is also true for the treatment on osteochondritis dissecans. In patients with degenerative joint disease arthroscopic debridement can only lead to a temporary benefit. Arthroscopic assisted arthrodeses (AAA) is technically demanding, but can serve as an excellent alternative to conventional open techniques. The complication rate in ankle arthroscopy is high compared to other joints, which is especially true for neurologic complications and postoperative infections. This should be addressed when performing the informed consent.
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  • 25
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    Pediatric surgery international 15 (1999), S. 467-469 
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Key words Oesophageal atresia ; Gastrostomy ; Complications ; Gastric perforation ; Amniotic fluid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Nine babies with pure oesophageal atresia were treated in our institution in the years 1979–1996. All received a feeding gastrostomy as their initial operation. After initiation of gastrostomy feeds seven (78%) developed gastric complications, including two posterior gastric perforations (one fatal). We propose that the high complication rate is due to a small, abnormal stomach that is vulnerable to damage by operative trauma and the effects of handling large volumes of feed. We hypothesise that the stomach is abnormal because it has not been exposed to the maturing effects of amniotic fluid in utero. Feeds should be introduced very cautiously to these babies and built up very slowly.
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    Pediatric surgery international 15 (1999), S. 525-526 
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Key words Central venous catheters ; Children ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The insertion of central venous catheters has become an established practice in the management of children with different types of malignancies for the administration of chemotherapeutic agents, antibiotics, blood and blood products, as well as drawing blood for various investigations. A commonly encountered problem is that despite the catheter being patent it may be impossible to draw blood from it. We believe this is related to the cut of the catheter tip. To overcome this problem, a technique for cutting the tip of the catheter is described.
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  • 27
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    Arthroskopie 12 (1999), S. 222-232 
    ISSN: 1434-3924
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Arthrofibrose ; Arthroskopie ; Arthroly- ; se ; Bewegungseinschränkung ; Knie ; Komplikationen ; Key words Arthrofibrosis ; Arthroscopy ; Arthrolysis ; Complications ; Knee ; Loss of range of motion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Arthrofibrosis is the term generally used to describe restricted range of motion of the knee after surgery and trauma. However, in many cases this does not reflect the clinical problem. The term arthrofibrosis should only be used for real, generalized fibrosis of the joint. Other localized forms of fibrotic reaction such as localized scar formation, hypertrophic grafts or tumor-like fibrotic tissue after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction or other localized forms of restricted motion by impingement of ligament grafts in the fossa or osteophytes should not be included, since the therapeutic approach is different. In these cases arthroscopic removal of the mechanically disturbing factor is the treatment of choice; the results in gain of motion are good. Generalized arthrofibrosis is characterized by severe limitation of knee motion in extension and flexion. Infrapatellar constracture syndrome is a specific form of this condition and may be associated with patella infera. In permanent limitation of motion due to arthrofibrosis, only a surgical intervention can improve range of motion. We usually use the arthroscopic technique for intra-articular débridement and scar resection combined with additional arthrotomies in difficult intraarticular scar resection in the upper recessus and when resecting the fat pad or for posterior capsulotomy. In clinically significant patella infera, osteotomy of the tibial tubercle with shifting of the tubercle superiorly is used. Adequate aftercare is important. We performed 80 operations for arthrofibrosis; in 16 out of 21 cases of loss of extension without limitation of flexion, normal extension was achieved, and in 16 out of 19 patients with isolated loss of flexion a comparable flexion with less than 5 degrees of deficit was restored as compared with the other knee. Out of 40 cases with combined loss of flexion and extension, operative treatment restored normal extension in 21 and normal flexion in 17 patients. Extraarticular etiology of limited motion includes fibrosis of the thigh musculature and adhesions to the femur as well as heterotopic ossifications. In these cases, arthrofibrosis is not involved and the operative treatment consists of quadricepsplasty or resection of the heterotopic bone formation.
    Notes: Für Bewegungseinschränkungen nach Trauma und Operationen am Knie wird der Begriff Arthrofibrose verwendet, ein Sammeltopf, der der klinischen Problematik oft nicht gerecht wird. Die Analyse der zugrundeliegenden Ursache bestimmt die einzuschlagende Therapie. So ist es sinnvoller, lokale Störungen, die auch mit einer vermehrten, aber abgegrenzten Fibrosierung einhergehen können, von der eigentlichen generalisierten Arthrofibrose abzugrenzen. Diese schließen einzelne intraartikuläre Narbenbildungen, spezielle Probleme im Bereich der Fossa intercondylica nach vorderer Kreuzbandoperation und mechanisch störende Osteophyten ein. Ihre Behandlung ist arthroskopisch; das Ergebnis bezüglich der Wiederherstellung der Beweglichkeit gut. Die generalisierte Arthrofibrose ist durch einen monate- bis jahrelangen Verlauf mit massiven Streck- und Beugeausfällen gekennzeichnet. Eine spezielle Form stellt das „infrapatellar contracture syndrome” (IPCS) dar, in seiner fortgeschrittenen Form auch mit Patella baja. Die Therapie muss operativ sein, wobei wir prinzipiell eine arthroskopische Technik empfehlen, sofern notwendig unter Verwendung einer zusätzlichen Arthrotomie bei schwierigen intraartikulären Narbenresektionen im Bereich des Hoffa-Fettkörpers und im oberen Recessus und zur hinteren Kapsulotomie. Bei klinisch störendem Patellatiefstand wird die Tuberositas tibiae nach proximal verlagert. Eine adäquate Nachbehandlung ist entscheidend. Bei 80 Operationen wegen Arthrofibrose konnten bei alleiniger Extensionseinschränkung in 16 von 21 Fällen eine vollständige Streckung, bei alleiniger Flexionseinschränkung bei 16 von 19 Patienten eine Flexion mit 〈 5° Unterschied zur Gegenseite erreicht werden. In 40 Fällen mit kombinierter Flexions- und Extensionseinschränkung wurde bei 21 eine vollständige Extension erreicht, bei 17 Patienten eine volle Flexion. Extraartikuläre Ursachen der Bewegungseinschränkung am Knie wie Fibrosierung der Oberschenkelmuskulatur und Adhäsionen zum Femur oder heterotope Ossifikationen sind ebenfalls in Betracht zu ziehen und haben nichts mit Arthrofibrose zu tun; ihre operative Behandlung besteht in der Quadrizepsplastik bzw. in der vollständigen Resektion der heterotopen Verknöcherungen.
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  • 28
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    Der Anaesthesist 48 (1999), S. 242-250 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Position: Bauchlage ; Klappmesserposition ; Spinalanästhesie: single-dose ; Kontinuierlich ; Lokalanästhetikum ; Barizität ; Komplikation: kardial ; pulmonal ; Key words Spinal anesthesia ; Single-dose ; Continuous ; Prone position ; Jackknife position ; Local anesthetic ; Baricity ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract There is still controversy on the usefulness of spinal anesthesia for operations performed in the prone or jackknife position. There is about the risk of inadvertent increase of the sensomotory blockade with the patient in the prone position and the difficulty of managing consecutive cardiorespiratory complications or inducing general anesthesia in case of failures. This article reviews the current literature in terms of safety and effectivness of spinal anesthesia for such operations. For lower-limb or perianal operations with limited extension and blood loss, performed in the prone position, spinal anesthesia seems to be a safe, effective and economic technique in patients without severe a cardiac history. Substantial knowledge about the onset time, fixation time, duration of sensomotory block and baricity of the applied local anesthetic is crucial in this setting. Obese patients are at risk for sudden extension of the block when turned into the prone position. Additional narcotics and sedatives should be avoided and continuous monitoring of hemodynamic and respiratory parameters, of the level of the blockade and vigilance of the patient is mandatory.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Anwendung der Spinalanästhesie für die anästhesiologische Versorgung operativer Eingriffe in Bauchlage wird kontrovers diskutiert. Als nachteilig erscheint dabei eine denkbare Gefährdung des Patienten durch ein unerwünschtes Aufsteigen der sensomotorischen Blockade nach Umlagerung in Bauchlage mit daraus resultierenden kardiopulmonalen Komplikationen und die Schwierigkeit, bei unzureichender Wirkung der Blockade eine Allgemeinanästhesie einzuleiten. Es stellt sich daher die Frage, ob die Spinalanästhesie bei Eingriffen der unteren Körperhälfte mit vergleichbarer Sicherheit wie die Allgemeinanästhesie mit Intubation und Beatmung durchgeführt werden kann und ob sich darüber hinaus Vorteile der Spinalanästhesie gegenüber der Vollnarkose herausarbeiten lassen. Nach Analyse der internationalen Literatur scheint die Spinalanästhesie bei Patienten ohne gravierende kardiale Vorerkrankungen, die sich hinsichtlich Ausdehnung und Zeitdauer klar berechenbaren Eingriffen in Bauchhlage und ohne größeren Blutverlust unterziehen, eine sichere und insbesondere effektive und preisgünstige Alternative zur Intubationsnarkose zu sein. Eine umfassende Kenntnis über Anschlagzeit, Fixierungszeit, Wirkdauer und Barizität des verwendeten Lokalanästhetikums ist bei der Spinalanästhesie in Bauchlage essentiell. Vorsicht ist bei sehr adipösen Patienten hinsichtlich eines nach Umlagerung weiter ansteigenden Blockadeniveaus geboten. Auf zusätzliche (Analgo-)Sedierung sollte bei Spinalanästhesie in Bauchlage verzichtet werden. Eine engmaschige Überwachung von Hämodynamik, pulsoxymetrischer Sauerstoffsättigung, sensomotorischer Blockadehöhe und Vigilanz sowie die Möglichkeit einer frühzeitigen therapeutischen Intervention während der Operation bleiben unverzichtbar.
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  • 29
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Intensivmedizin ; Perkutane Dilatationstracheotomie ; Translaryngeale Tracheotomie ; Komplikationen ; Infektion ; Key words Intensive care medicine ; Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy ; Translaryngeal tracheostomy ; Complications ; Infection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Tracheostomy is considered the airway management of choice in long-term ventilated ICU patients. In the last few years, percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) has been established as an attractive and safe alternative to conventional open tracheostomy. Recently, there is another percutaneous technique according to Fantoni with translaryngeal airway access (TLT) available. Our study seeks to evaluate TLT in terms of complications and practicability. In 47 patients of our surgical ICU, elective TLT was performed. Mean operative time was 9.8±10.9 (range 6–27) minutes. Severe complications, such as bleeding, aspiration or infection of the tracheostoma have never been noted. A slight detoriation of arterial oxygen tension occured in 25 patients intraoperatively, demanding to rise the concentration of inspired oxygen temporarily. However, no patient became hypoxic during the procedure.Since during the procedure gas exchange may worsen, TLT should not be employed in patients whose inspired oxygen concentration exceeds 80%. Despite the fact that severe complications associated with TLT have recently not yet been reported, physicians who perform TLT should be well-trained in the technique of conventional open tracheostomy, too. According to our present data, TLT seems to be an attractive and safe alternative to PDT. Nevertheless, for a definiteve evaluation of TLT, further investigations in larger groups of patients and in the long term seem to be necessary.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Einleitung: Die Tracheotomie langzeitbeatmeter Intensivpatienten hat sich als integrierter Bestandteil der Beatmungsbehandlung etabliert. In den vergangen Jahren konnte sich zunehmend die perkutane Dilatationstracheotomie (PDT) als komplikationsarme Alternative zur konventionellen chirurgischen Tracheotomie durchsetzen. Seit kurzem steht mit der translaryngealen Tracheotomie (TLT) nach Fantoni ein weiteres perkutanes Verfahren zur Verfügung. Ziel der vorliegenden klinischen Untersuchung war es, die Ergebnisse nach elektiver TLT bei chirurgischen Intensivpatienten bezüglich Komplikationsrate und Praktikabilität aufzuzeigen. Methodik und Ergebnisse: Bei 47 Intensivpatienten wurde die TLT nach Fantoni durchgeführt. Die Operationszeit betrug 9,8±10,9 (Range 6–27) min. Akut interventionsbedürftige Komplikationen wie Blutungen, Aspiration oder Infektion des Tracheostomas traten bei keinem Patienten auf. Eine passagere Verschlechterung des paO2 während des Eingriffs erforderte bei 25 Patienten eine vorübergehende Erhöhung der inspiratorischen Sauerstoffkonzentration, ohne daß das Auftreten einer Hypoxie beobachtet wurde. Schlußfolgerungen: Da es bei der Durchführung der TLT zu einer Verschlechterung der Oxygenierungssituation kommen kann, sollte dieses Verfahren nur bei Patienten mit einer FiO2 von weniger als 0,8 durchgeführt werden. Bei der TLT sollte der Arzt mit der Anatomie gut vertraut sein und über Erfahrung mit der konventionellen Tracheostomie verfügen, um eventuelle Komplikationen rasch und sicher behandeln zu können. Aufgrund unserer Ergebnisse scheint die TLT eine sichere und komplikationsarme Alternative zur PDT darzustellen. Dennoch müssen zur endgültigen Bewertung der TLT weitere Untersuchungen an größeren Patientenkollektiven und über einen längeren Beobachtungszeitraum folgen.
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  • 30
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Qualitätssicherung ; Automatisches Anästhesieprotokoll ; Komplikationen ; Risikofaktoren ; Dokumentation ; Key words Quality management ; Automatic anaesthesia record ; Complications ; Risk factors ; Documentation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Objective: In 1994 the Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine of the Justus Liebig University of Giessen decided to implement an Anaesthesia Information Management System (AIMS) to replace the previous hand-written documentation on paper. From 1997 until the end of 1998 the data sets of 41,393 anaesthesia procedures were recorded with the help of computers and imported into a data bank. Individual aspects and results of this data pool are presented under the aspect of how the system in its present form is able to guarantee documentation of quality according to the requirements of the German Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (DGAI). Methods: Since 1997 information on all anaesthesia procedures has been documented ”online” with the anaesthesia documentation software NarkoData 4 (ProLogic GmbH, Erkrath). The data sets have been stored in a relational data bank (Oracle Corporation) and statistically processed with the help of the SQL-based program Voyant (Brossco Systems, Espoo, Finland). As an example of two adverse perioperative events (AVB) we compared incidences of ”hypotension” and ”nausea/vomiting”, recorded by staff members into the AIMS, with the incidence of comparable events that were recorded with the help of online data during anaesthesia procedures, such as blood pressure and drug application. Since 1998 data recording has been revised constantly in department meetings; advanced training has been given. The results have been analysed critically. Results: In 1997 the incidence of adverse perioperative events entered manually into the system was 3.6% (grade III and higher 0.9%) and increased during 1998 to 22.2% (grade III and higher 1.9%). The frequency of anaesthesia procedures with manually documented AVBs was significantly below the incidence (determined with the help of online data) of comparable events: ”hypotension” (1.8% vs. 8.5%) and ”nausea/vomiting” (4.9% vs. 8.3%). Conclusion: The current documentation of AVBs in almost any hospital is incomplete. In contrast to the hand-written procedure, the AIMS provides recorded data for evaluation and guarantees more detailed and complete quality documentation. In addition, the effort needed for documentation is reduced. Whether these data sets really describe and measure quality or not has to be evaluated. In addition it has to be considered whether different requirements (such as automatic AVB recognition for an AIMS) are advantageous for quality documentation regarding the data raster and the AVB recognition, with respect to different documentation procedures.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ziel der Arbeit: Die Abteilung Anaesthesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin der Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen hat sich 1994 für den Aufbau eines Anästhesie-Informations-Management-Systems (AIMS) entschieden, um die bisherige manuelle Papierdokumentation abzulösen. Einzelne Aspekte und Ergebnisse dieses Datenpools sollen mit der Fragestellung vorgestellt werden, wie das System in seiner jetzigen Form geeignet ist, die Qualitätsdokumentation nach den Vorgaben der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin (DGAI) zu gewährleisten. Methoden: Mit der Narkose-Dokumentations-Software NarkoData 4 (ProLogic GmbH, Erkrath) wurden seit 1997 die Daten von 41.393 Narkosen einschließlich des DGAI-Kerndatensatzes „online” dokumentiert, in einer relationalen Datenbank (Oracle Corporation) archiviert und mit Hilfe des SQL-basierten Programms Voyant (Brossco Systems, Espoo, Finnland) statistisch aufgearbeitet. Beispielhaft für zwei anästhesiologische Verlaufsbeobachtungen (AVB) verglichen wir die durch Mitarbeiter im AIMS dokumentierten AVB-Inzidenzen „Hypotension” und „Übelkeit/Erbrechen” mit dem Auftreten vergleichbarer Ereignisse, die mit Hilfe der erfaßten Onlinedaten wie „Blutdruck” und „Medikamentenapplikationen” während der Narkose erfaßt wurden. Ergebnisse: 1997 lag die Inzidenz der von Hand in das System eingegebenen anästhesiologischen Verlaufsbeobachtungen (AVB) bei 3,6% (mit Schweregrad 〉II bei 0,9%) und erhöhte sich im Verlauf des Jahres 1998 auf 22,2% (mit Schweregrad 〉II bei 1,9%). Der prozentuale Anteil der Narkosen mit manuell dokumentierten AVBs war deutlich niedriger als dies bei der Online-Erfassung von Narkosen mit AVB-entsprechenden Ereignissen der Fall war: Für die AVB „Hypotension” fanden wir ein Verhältnis von 1,8% vs. 8.5% und für „Übelkeit/Erbrechen” 4,9% vs. 8,3%. Schlußfolgerung: Die derzeit fast überall praktizierte manuelle AVB-Dokumentation ist nicht vollständig. Im Gegensatz zu manuellen Verfahren stehen innerhalb des AIMS alle erfaßten Daten für Auswertungen zur Verfügung und ermöglichen eine detailliertere und lückenlosere Qualitätsdokumentation. Ob mit diesen Daten tatsächlich Versorgungsqualität beschrieben und gemessen wird, muß durch weitere Untersuchungen evaluiert werden. Weiterhin ist zu überlegen, in Zukunft an die Qualitätsdokumentation bezüglich des Datenrasters und der AVB-Erkennung unterschiedliche Anforderungen in Abhängigkeit vom jeweiligen Dokumentationsverfahren zu stellen (z.B. automatische AVB-Erkennung bei einem AIMS).
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  • 31
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Endotracheale Intubation ; Kehlkopfmaske ; Komplikationen ; Halsbeschwerden ; Key words Endotracheal intubation ; Laryngeal mask airway ; Complications ; Laryngopharyngeal morbidity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Minor laryngopharyngeal complaints following anaesthesia considerably determine postoperative patient comfort. They cannot be eliminated but reduced by experience and careful preparation and insertion technique. The incidence of minor laryngopharyngeal symptoms following the use of the laryngeal mask airway is similar to that following endotracheal intubation. However, there seems to be a distinct pattern of complaints: discomfort with swallowing is more frequent after LMA, whereas dysphonia is more often observed folowing endotracheal intubation. The significance of LMA cuff pressures in the pathogenesis of postoperative throat complaints remains unclear. There is sound evidence that cuff pressure is not a representative measure for the effective pressure load upon the pharyngeal mucosa. Measurement of cuff pressure is not obligatory, instead reduction of cuff volume to a „just seal” situation seems to be a reasonable approach. The laryngeal mask airway has definitely changed anaesthesiology airway management. Whether this is due to its supposedly less invasiveness compared to endotracheal intubation has not been proven by scientific investigations.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Funktionelle und strukturelle Störungen bei Anwendung der Kehlkopfmaske sind methodenimmanente Risiken. Sie können nicht eliminiert, durch Erfahrung, umsichtige Technik und Vorbereitung jedoch reduziert werden. Geringfügige Halsbeschwerden („minor laryngeal morbidity”) – eine nicht unwesentliche Determinante des Patientenkomforts – treten nach Einsatz der Kehlkopfmaske annähernd so häufig auf wie nach endotrachealer Intubation. Es gibt Hinweise dafür, daß das Beschwerdebild sich nach Kehlkopfmaske und Endotrachealtubus unterscheidet: nach Kehlkopfmaske stehen Schluckbeschwerden im Vordergrund, während sich Heiserkeit signifikant häufiger nach endotrachealer Intubation findet. Die Rolle des Cuffdruckes in der Pathogenese postoperativer Halsbeschwerden bleibt unklar. Klar ist, daß der absolut gemessene Intra-Cuffdruck keine relevante Größe für die Druckbelastung der pharyngealen Mukosa darstellt. Die Cuffdruckmessung erscheint daher nicht obligat, die Reduzierung des Cuffvolumes bis Dichtigkeit gerade noch aufrechterhalten werden kann („just seal”), erscheint sinnvoll. Die Kehlkopfmaske hat das Atemwegsmanagement in der Anästhesie erheblich beeinflußt. Ob dies in der gegenüber dem Endotrachealtubus vermeintlich geringeren Invasivität begründet ist, wurde durch wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen bislang nicht belegt.
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  • 32
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    Der Anaesthesist 48 (1999), S. 142-156 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Tracheotomie: perkutan ; chirurgisch ; Komplikationen ; Ergebnisse ; Kosten ; Key words Tracheostomy: percutaneous ; surgical ; Complications ; Results ; Costs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Tracheostomy is one of the oldest surgical procedures and in the past decades has become the method of choice in the management of patients requiring long-term mechanical ventilation. At present, several alternatives exist to conventional surgical tracheostomy, such as the percutaneous dilatational techniques according to Ciaglia (PDT), Griggs (GWDF), and Schachner (Rapitrach). In particular, PDT according to Ciaglia which was introduced in 1985, has been recognized as an equally safe, but less expensive procedure than conventional tracheostomy. Fantoni’s translaryngeal percutaneous technique is another new and safe procedure, which was first performed in 1996. Nonetheless, we believe that percutaneous procedures should only be performed by experienced physicians who are well-trained in both endotracheal intubation and mask ventilation. Furthermore, the capacity to perform surgical tracheostomy immediately in case of complications should be given. Only if the contraindications are carefully observed, will these new procedures retain their value and benefit in airway management of long-term ventilated patients.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Tracheotomie ist einer der ältesten Eingriffe in der Geschichte der Chirurgie und hat sich in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten zum Verfahren der Wahl im langfristigen Atemwegsmanagement beatmeter Intensivpatienten entwickelt. Alternativ zur klassisch-konventionellen Tracheotomie existieren inzwischen verschiedene Verfahren zur perkutanen Tracheotomie. Hierzu zählen die perkutanen Dilatationstracheotomien nach Ciaglia (PDT), Griggs (GWDF) und Schachner (Rapitrach). Vor allem die 1985 eingeführte PDT nach Ciaglia hat sich gegenwärtig im intensivmedizinischen Bereich als eine sichere und konstenärmere Methode im Vergleich zur chirurgisch durchgeführten Tracheotomie etabliert. Seit 1996 steht mit der translaryngealen Tracheotomie nach Fantoni eine weitere perkutane Technik zur Verfügung, die sich durch eine niedrige Komplikationsrate auszeichnet. Trotz der niedrigen Komplikationsraten der perkutanen Verfahren sollten diese, auch wenn sie rasch erlernbar und technisch wenig aufwendig sind, nur von Ärzten angewendet werden, die die Technik der Reintubation und Maskenbeatmung sicher beherrschen. Auch sollte die Möglichkeit bestehen, ggf. rasch eine konventionelle Tracheotomie durchführen zu können. Nur unter sorgfältiger Beachtung der Kontraindikationen werden die Techniken der perkutanen Tracheotomie ihren Stellenwert behaupten und entsprechende Vorteile für die Patienten bieten können.
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  • 33
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    Der Anaesthesist 48 (1999), S. 896-899 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Epiduralkatheter ; Komplikationen ; Kalium ; Fehlinjektion ; Key words Epidural ; Complications ; Potassium ; Injection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract In a 65 years old male patient 38 cc of a 7.45% potassium chloride-solution was inadvertently infused within 3 hours into an epidural catheter on the first postoperative day. The epidural potassium chloride administration resulted in a paresis and painful paraesthesia of the patient’s legs and a level of sensory blockade to TH 11. Furthermore vegetative symptoms like hypertension and tachycardia were observed. For therapy a single bolus of 40 mg dexamethasone was administered intravenously followed by an epidural infusion of sodiumchloride 0,9% 99 cc/h for several hours. About 6 hours after the start of infusion all symptoms had disappeared. It is proposed that the use of colour-coded epidural catheter devices and coloured electrolyte solutions as well as infusion-pumps with a larger reservoir that reduce the frequency of syringe changes would be helpful in avoiding such complications.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei einem 65jährigen Patienten wurden am ersten postoperativen Tag innerhalb von 3 h versehentlich 36 ml einer 7,45%-igen Kaliumchloridlösung in einen lumbalen Epiduralkatheter infundiert. Nach vorübergehenden Parästhesien stellten sich als Folge der versehentlichen Infusion brennende Schmerzen in den Beinen ein, verbunden mit einem motorischen und sensorischen Innervationsausfall bis zum Segment TH 11. Begleitet wurde das Krankheitsbild von vegetativen Symptomen wie Hypertension und Tachykardie. Zur Therapie wurde ein einmaliger Bolus von 40 mg Dexamethason i.v. verabreicht gefolgt von einer kontinuierlichen epiduralen Infusion von NaCl 0,9% 99 ml/h. Nach 6 h begannen sich die neurologischen Defizite langsam zurückzubilden. Nach 12 h war der Patient symptomfrei. Komplikationen wie die geschilderte beruhen in aller Regel auf Irrtümern, deren Auftreten zwar nicht unmöglich, durch entsprechende Maßnahmen jedoch unwahrscheinlicher gemacht werden kann. Zu solchen Maßnahmen gehört die farbliche Markierung von Leitungen, Filtern und Infusionslösungen sowie die Verwendung von Spritzenpumpen mit einem größeren Medikamentenreservoir, um die Häufigkeit des Spritzenwechsels zu vermindern.
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  • 34
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    Hernia 3 (1999), S. 201-204 
    ISSN: 1248-9204
    Keywords: Inguinal hernia ; Tension-free hernioplasry ; Mesh plug ; Complications ; Recurrences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the results of the Perfix® plug in inguinal hernia. A series of 228 consecutive patients operated on for 242 hernias was prospectively evaluated. The operation was performed under local anesthesia in 154 cases (63.6%), spinal anesthesia in 84 cases (34.7%) and general in 4 cases (1.7%). A plug was used in 202 cases (83.5%). Another procedure was preferred in 40 cases (16.5%) for some type I and II hernias in young people, or for large hernias with a wide deficiency of the posterior wall. Thirteen (5.4%) benign postoperative complications occurred, one plug was removed for sepsis. The mean duration (days, (SD, extremes)) of analgesics consumption, postoperative hospital stay, cessation of normal activities and time off work were 3 (4.07, 0–60), 1.2 (0.89, 0–11), 4.7 (4.45, 0–51) and 16.4 (10, 0–60) respectively. The mean follow-up was 22.3 months (SD: 9.93, extremes: 12–48). Only one patient was lost to follow-up. There was one recurrence in the plug series (0.5%) and 2 in other procedures (5%) (ns). Seventeen patients (8.6%) felt some degree of pain in the groin, but not one had to be reoperated on. In conclusion the plug technique provides uneventful postoperative outcome with early recovery and a low recurrence rate, but in some cases some degree of secondary pain may be present.
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  • 35
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    Intensive care medicine 25 (1999), S. 1311-1314 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words HIT II ; r-hirudin ; Haemofiltration ; Complications ; Cardiac surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To demonstrate bleeding complications encountered in patients after cardiac surgery on continous venovenous haemofiltration (CVVH) treated with continuous versus intermittent r-hirudin for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) type II.¶Design: Case description.¶Setting: Cardiothoracic intensive care unit at a university hospital.¶Patients: 5 consecutive patients with proven HIT type II on CVVH after major cardiac surgery.¶Interventions: Recombinant hirudin (r-hirudin) was given continuously at a dose of 0.01 mg/kg per h in three patients or in repeated bolus administration of 0.05 mg/kg in two patients.¶Measurements and results: Since the ecarin clotting time assay was not available at that time to monitor hirudin effects on coagulation, the activated partial thromboplastin time (normal range 26–38 s, target range 50–60 s) was used. The continuously treated patients suffered from major bleeding complications. Therefore, the regimen was changed to repeated bolus administration, reducing the incidence of bleeding complications probably due to a threefold diminished cumulative hirudin dose per day in comparison to continuous administration.¶Conclusions: If ecarin clotting time, the most suitable monitor for hirudin activation, is not available, we would prefer to give r-hirudin in repeated boluses to avoid major bleeding complications in cardiac surgery patients on CVVH.
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  • 36
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    Intensive care medicine 25 (1999), S. 1302-1306 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Respiratory failure ; Neuropathy ; Myopathy ; ¶Intensive care unit ; Readmission ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To describe a syndrome of acute neuromuscular respiratory failure (NM-ARF) caused by ICU-acquired acute myopathy and neuropathy.¶Design: Case series.¶Setting: General Regional University Hospital in Brescia, Italy.¶Patients: Five adult patients with NM-ARF after prolonged ICU stay and successful weaning from the ventilator and ICU discharge.¶Interventions: None.¶Measurements: Clinical signs of NM-ARF, electroneurography and electromyography (ENMG) of peripheral nerves and muscles, and functional assessment of respiratory muscles.¶Results: NM-ARF was diagnosed at the time of (one case), or 1–3 days after, ICU discharge. Limb weakness alarmed the physicians, while the signs of the NM-ARF were initially undetected. In the first observed case the acute respiratory failure was near fatal, and necessitated ICU readmission, while in the other cases 2 weeks of aggressive chest physiotherapy permitted resolution of the respiratory failure. History, clinical course and ENMG indicated the diagnosis of critical illness myopathy and neuropathy (CRIMYNE). Three patients recovered fully, while two had persisting evidence of axonal polyneuropathy several months after the onset.¶Conclusions: Critically ill patients with prolonged ICU stay, sepsis and MOF are at great risk of developing CRIMYNE, which in turn may be responsible for NM-ARF. This latter complication may arise after resolution of the respiratory and cardiac dysfunctions and successful weaning from the ventilator. As NM-ARF may cause unplanned ICU readmission or even unexpected death, strict clinical surveillance and monitoring of respiratory muscle function is recommended after discharge to the general ward of patients with proven NM-ARF. Early intensive chest physiotherapy can resolve the condition.
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  • 37
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Malaria ; Cerebral malaria ; Complications ; Intensive care unit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Malaria remains today one of the major health problems in the tropics with increased morbidity and mortality. The most serious complications are caused by Plasmodium falciparum, which, in contrast to the benign malarias, may progress to a life-threatening multi-system disease. Our case concerns a young woman in the 14th week of pregnancy, admitted to the ICU in a coma, with pulmonary oedema, haemolytic anaemia, renal failure and thrombocytopenia as complications of P. falciparum malaria. The case is discussed and possible explanations for the clinical picture and complications of P. falciparum malaria are given in the light of experiences from the literature.
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  • 38
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words Gastrostomy feeding ; Peritoneal dialysis ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Gastrostomy tube (g-tube) feeding is recognized to improve the nutritional delivery to children with end-stage renal disease. A retrospective study was undertaken assessing the complications of g-tube feeding in children receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD). Twenty-three patients, mean age 3.8±3.2 years received PD and g-tube feeding for 758 patient-months, with 127 patients receiving PD for 1,969 patient-months used as controls. Peritonitis occurred every 18.4 patient-months in controls and 7.8 patient-months in those with a g-tube. Peritonitis occurred every 6.0 patient-months before and 8.1 patient-months after g-tube insertion in those undergoing g-tube insertion on PD. PD catheter exit site infection (PDESI) occurred every 18.7 patient-months in controls and 16.8 patient-months in those with a g-tube. PDESI occurred every 126 patient-months before and 16.2 patient-months following g-tube insertion. PD catheter replacement secondary to infection occurred every 109.4 patient-months in controls and 39.9 patient-months in those with a g-tube. It did not occur before g-tube insertion and occurred every 32.5 patient-months following insertion. Thirty-four episodes of g-tube exit site infection occurred, in 10 the same organism caused concurrent peritonitis. G-tube replacement occurred on 37 occasions. Hemodynamically significant gastrointestinal bleeding occurred in 3 patients, being terminal in 1. We conclude that, although not without risk, g-tube feeding in patients receiving PD is not contraindicated.
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  • 39
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words Hemodialysis ; Catheter survival ; Outcome predictors ; Complications ; Vascular access ; Thrombosis ; Bacteremia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Central venous catheters are being increasingly used as hemodialysis vascular access. We evaluated catheter survival, outcome predictors, and complications in a total of 36 catheters used in 13 children and young adults undergoing chronic maintenance hemodialysis through catheter for a duration of 10.4±5.6 months. Reasons for catheter failure were: thrombosis 12 of 36 (33%), infection 6 of 36 (17%), and extrusion 2 of 36 (5.4%). Catheters were lost to infection and thrombosis at 1.1 and 2.2 episodes per 1,000 catheter days, respectively. Symptomatic infections, Gram-negative and polymicrobial sepsis increased the risk of catheter failure. Most of the thrombotic episodes occurred in patients with inherent thrombotic tendency. The survival of the 36 catheters was 62% at 1 year. The survival of 13 randomly chosen catheters, 1 from each patient, was 85% at 1 year. The time from insertion to first complication correlated significantly with the outcome (P〈0.03). We conclude that central venous catheters are still associated with a high rate of failure and may be a regular access choice only in a selected patient population with no inherent thrombotic tendency and no other option available for long-term hemodialysis.
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  • 40
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    Pediatric nephrology 13 (1999), S. 693-696 
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words Percutaneous renal biopsy ; Biopsy gun ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Between 1996 and 1997, 2,045 percutaneous renal biopsies were performed on native kidneys in 2,013 patients in pediatric nephrology units in Japan. Of these, 50.8% were performed by automated needle biopsy gun under ultrasound guidance, and the standard biopsy needle, Tru-cut needle or Vim-Silverman needle, under fluoroscopic guidance was used in 12.4% and 12.3% of the biopsies, respectively. Adequate renal tissue for histological diagnosis was obtained in 98.7% of cases, and the success rates for the techniques were not significantly different. The overall complication rate was 5.8%; gross hematuria occurred in 2.7% and large perirenal hematoma in 0.9% of cases. These complication rates were higher when a standard needle under fluoroscopic guidance was used compared with an automated needle under ultrasound guidance. We conclude that pediatric nephrologists in Japan perform percutaneous renal biopsies safely, partly due to technical improvements, such as the automated needle or ultrasound guidance.
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  • 41
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    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1432-1433 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Diverticulitis ; Complications ; Fistula ; Aetiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Diverticular disease is a common condition in Western countries. The formation of inflammatory fistulae, usually from sigmoid colon to bladder or vagina, can be a feature of complicated cases of the disorder and is normally an indication for surgical intervention. We present a case of colosalpingeal fistulation occurring secondary to diverticulitis, a complication which, to our knowledge, has not been previously reported in the radiological literature. As in this instance, the initial clinical presentation of this problem can often be non-specific, with localising symptoms occurring later. In our case, barium enema examination allowed good demonstration of the fistulous communication before the more specific symptoms were clinically apparent.
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  • 42
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    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 665-668 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Osteogenesis Imperfecta ; Complications ; Hyperplastic callus ; Computed tomography ; MR imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We describe the MRI and CT findings of hyperplastic callus formation simulating a tumour of pelvis in patient with osteogenesis imperfecta tarda. Possible differential diagnoses and the impact of different imaging techniques on the correct diagnosis are discussed.
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  • 43
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Key words Lumbar spine ; Discopathy ; Disc prosthesis ; Outcome ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The Modular Type SB Charité disc prosthesis has been developed as a device for artificial disc replacement (ADR) in patients with symptomatic discopathies. Here, we report on our first series of 50 (out of 350) patients, who had a satisfactory clinical result in 70% of cases (2 years’ follow-up). Subgroup analysis revealed that patients with an isolated discopathy without previous spinal operations or other pathology at the same or other spinal level benefitted more from the surgery. However, this technique was associated with some problems: a 13% rate of permanent side-effects and/or complications was observed caused by the anterior approach. Four percent were related to poor implantation technique. There were no problems related to the material of the prosthesis. Twelve patients needed re-operation, but this was beneficial in only three of them. In one patient we had to convert to an interbody fusion. We conclude that in patients with severe isolated symptomatic discopathies that are resistant to conservative treatment, a mobile disc prosthesis is worth considering as a real alternative to a spondylodesis. However, accurate patient selection is imperative. With these criteria we were encouraged by our results to continue the implantation of this artificial disc.
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  • 44
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    European spine journal 8 (1999), S. 22-26 
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Key words Scoliosis ; Myelomeningocele ; Complications ; Spina bifida ; Surgical treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether the high incidence of complications in scoliosis surgery in myelomeningocele (MMC) could be attributed to the surgical technique and whether improvements were possible. Between 1984 and 1996, 77 patients with MMC and scoliosis were treated surgically. The clinical and radiological follow-up ranged from 1 to 10 years with a mean follow-up of 3.6 years. The mean age at time of surgery was 12 years 8 months. The average preoperative scoliosis measured 90.20° and was corrected by 47%. The first four patients were stabilized with Harrington rods after anterior correction with a Zielke device (group 1). Twenty-five patients were operated only from posterior, using Cotrel-Dubousset (CD) instrumentation (group 2). In 13 patients an anterior release and discectomy was performed prior to CD posterior instrumentation (group 3). In 26 patients (group 4) this was combined with an anterior instrumentation. The 9 patients of group 5 had congenital vertebral malformations which made a special treatment necessary. Complications could be divided into hardware problems, such as implant failure, dislocation or pseudarthrosis, infections, anesthetic, and neurologic complications. Hardware problems were seen in 29% of all patients. More hardware problems were seen with the Harrington rod (75%) and after solitary posterior instrumentation (30%). The occurrence of pseudarthrosis was dependent on the surgical technique, the extent of posterior spondylodesis, and lumbosacral fusion. Patients with hardware problems had a mean loss of correction of 49% compared to 13% in the other patients. Depending on the different surgical techniques a loss of more than 30% was seen in 12–75% of the cases. Early postoperative shunt failure occurred in four cases; delayed failure – after more than 1 year – in three cases. One patient died within 1 day due to an acute hydrocephalus, another died after 21/2 years because of chronic shunt insufficiency with herniation. Wound problems were not dependent on the surgical technique, but on the extent of posterior spondylodesis and the lumbosacral fusion. Based on this analysis we believe our current practice of instrumented anterior and posterior fusion is justified. Further, we are very careful to check shunt function prior to acute correction of spinal deformity.
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  • 45
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    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 263 (1999), S. 73-75 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Key words Alloimmunization ; Intravenous drug abuse ; Pregnancy ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Intravenous drug abuse is a risk for alloimmunization in pregnancy. One case is presented of a nulliparous Rhesus-negative parturient who shared her Rhesus-positive partner’s needles for the injection of heroin; she subsequently developed elevated antepartum anti-D titers despite routine anti-D prophylaxis.
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  • 46
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Key words Intrathecal vincristine ; Cerebrospinal fluid lavage ; Cancer chemotherapy ; Complications ; Central nervous system toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Vincristine, a widely used antineoplastic agent, is extremely toxic to the central nervous system. If given intrathecally, it produces a rapidly ascending, usually fatal, neuromyeloencephalopathy. We report a case of this complication in a 7-year-old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who was receiving maintenance chemotherapy. During one treatment 0.5 mg of vincristine was erroneously injected into the lumbar subarachnoid space. Cerebrospinal fluid lavage was established within 2 h and continued for 24 h. After 7 days she developed a progressive sensorimotor paraplegia, which eventually stabilized as a paraparesis. Neurophysiological studies were consistent with an axonal type sensorimotor neuropathy. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine was normal. Vincristine binds to cells, blocking mitosis, thus causing cell death. The associated central nervous system lesions are those of an ascending chemical leptomeningitis and ventriculitis. Cerebrospinal fluid lavage dilutes and removes the drug, thus limiting neural damage. At present this is the only treatment for intrathecal vincristine injection, and its early use in such an event is considered mandatory.
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  • 47
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Key words Lumbosacral lipoma ; Tethered cord ; Spina bifida occulta ; Complications ; Prophylactic surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We retrospectively reviewed 32 patients operated on for lipoma of the conus and lipomyeloschisis, the two main anatomical subtypes of congenital lumbosacral lipomas associated with tethered cord syndrome. Surgery was proposed to patients when they were symptomatic, and in most cases for progressive symptoms. The evolution of the different symptoms was studied separately. In most patients, symptoms improved or stabilized after surgery; in some, however, postoperative worsening, at least of some of the symptoms, was seen. This postoperative worsening became apparent either early or late after the operation, and was not associated with surgical trauma or postoperative complications. We suggest it was caused mainly by the natural course of the disease (especially in the case of the orthopedic deformities), and in some cases by retethering. Our series is not large enough to detect statistical significance for the different symptoms or for the anatomical subgroups. Importantly, according to our analysis by the different symptoms, the operation did not seem to protect the patients from later development of new deficits. This can be interpreted as an argument against prophylactic surgery in asymptomatic patients.
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  • 48
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    Child's nervous system 15 (1999), S. 295-308 
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Key words Neurofibromatosis ; Childhood ; Complications ; Neurological ; Neurosurgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In the last two decades our knowledge of the natural history, genetics and management of the different forms of neurofibromatosis has changed. Of the numerical classifications of neurofibromatosis proposed in the past, only neurofibromatosis type 1 (Nf1) and neurofibromatosis type 2 (Nf2) have been shown to be distinct at clinical and molecular levels. Mosaicism has been demonstrated both in patients with Nf1 and in patients with Nf2, and features of segmental or mosaic Nf1 and Nf2 have been defined. The outlying phenotypes and the molecular genetics of other, rarer, types of neurofibromatosis have been delineated: these are hereditary spinal neurofibromatosis, Schwannomatosis, familial intestinal neurofibromatosis, autosomal dominant ”café-au-lait spots alone”, autosomal dominant ”neurofibromas alone”, Watson syndrome, Noonan/neurofibromatosis syndrome and the so-called syndrome of multiple naevi, multiple schwannomas and multiple vaginal leiomyomas. In this article I will review the different forms of neurofibromatosis, focusing on those aspects that most commonly challenge the neurosurgeon.
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  • 49
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    Der Radiologe 39 (1999), S. 110-117 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Aortenaneurysmen ; Periphere Aneurysmen ; Stentgraftimplantation ; Komplikationen und sekundäre Interventionen ; Key words Aortic aneurysms ; Peripheral aneurysms ; Stent graft implantation ; Complications ; Secondary interventions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The implantation of stent grafts is a relatively new method for the treatment of aneurysms of the aorta or peripheral aneurysms. Before the implantation precise measurements are mandatory to obtain the necessary information about the aneurysm. The numerous contraindications must be observed strictly to successfully exclude the aneurysmal sac. The stent graft is inserted via a percutaneous puncture or, in the case of an aortic graft, through a surgical arteriotomy. After the implantation rigorous follow-up is mandatory to detect complications such as leaks or thrombi: Spiral CT angiography is the method of choice. Some of the complications require secondary interventions such as the implantation of additional stent grafts. The results are encouraging, with a secondary exclusion rate of the aneurysm of up to more than 95%; however, long-term results are not available.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Stentgraftimplantation zur Behandlung von Aneurysmen der Aorta und der Becken-/ Beingefäße stellt eine relativ neue Methode dar. Vor der Implantation muß die genaue Evaluierung und Ausmessung des Aneurysmas erfolgen, welche über die vor der chirurgischen Sanierung übliche Genauigkeit hinausgeht. Eine Reihe von Kontraindikationen muß beachtet werden, um den Aneurysmasack vollständig von der Zirkulation auszuschließen. Die Implantation erfolgt in der Regel durch eine perkutane Punktion oder aber beim Aortenaneurysma durch eine chirurgisch gesetzte Arteriotomie. Nach der Implantation ist eine rigorose Nachsorge notwendig, um Komplikationen wie Leaks oder Thrombosen nachzuweisen. Hierbei ist die Spiral-CT-Angiographie die wichtigste Untersuchungsmethode. Einige der Komplikationen erfordern auch sekundäre Interventionen wie die Implantation zusätzlicher Stentgrafts. Die Ergebnisse in der Literatur sind mit einer sekundären Ausschlußrate bis über 95% ermutigend, Langzeitstudien liegen allerdings noch nicht vor.
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  • 50
    ISSN: 1615-3146
    Keywords: Pertrochantäre Femurfraktur ; Subtrochantäre Femurfraktur ; Gamma-Nagel ; Dynamische Kondylenschraube ; Instabile Fraktur ; Implantatversagen ; Komplikationen ; Pertrochanteric fractures ; Subtrochanteric fractures ; Gamma nail ; Dynamic condylar screw ; Fracture instability ; Implant failure ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Sixty-eight pertrochanteric fractures treated with the gamma nail were compared with 68 fractures treated with the dynamic condylar screw. Age (gamma nail: 82 years, dynamic condylar screw: 81 years) and fracture types (AO classification) were comparable, most fractures in both groups were 31-A3.3-fractures. The gamma nail had shorter operation times (73 [30 to 180] vs. 120 [60 to 270] minutes), less additional operative procedures (additional screws, wires, bone grafting, 0 vs. 38), no wound infections (dynamic condylar screw 6%) and no implant failures (dynamic condylar screw 6%). Survival after 1 year was similar in both groups, but more patients treated with the gamma nail (90% vs. 75%) achieved their preoperative level of mobilisation.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine Gruppe von 68 konsekutiv mit Gamma-Nagel versorgten per- bis subtrochantären Femurfrakturen wurde einem historischen Vergleichskollektiv von 68 mit dynamischer Kondylenschraube behandelten Patienten gegenübergestellt. Durchschnittsalter (Gamma-Nagel: 82 Jahre, dynamische Kondylenschraube: 81 Jahre) und Frakturtypen nach AO waren vergleichbar, überwiegend wurden 31-A3.3-Fracturen versorgt. Der Gamma-Nagel verzeichnete kürzere Operationszeiten (73 [30 bis 180] vs. 120 [60 bis 270] Minuten), weniger Zusatzeingriffe (Schrauben, Drahtcerclagen, Spongiosaplastiken, 0 vs. 38), keine Wundinfekte (dynamische Kondylenschraube 6%) und kein Implantatversagen (dynamische Kondylenschraube 6%). Die Ein-Jahres-Überlebensrate war in beiden Kollektiven vergleichbar, jedoch konnten mehr mit Gamma-Nagel behandelte Patienten auf das zum vor dem Unfall bestehende Mobilisationsniveau rehabilitiert werden (Gamma-Nagel 90%, dynamische Kondylenschraube 75%).
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  • 51
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Femur neck fracture ; Quality ; Complications ; Lethality. ; Schlüsselwörter: Schenkelhalsfraktur ; Qualität ; Komplikationen ; Letalität.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Zwischen dem 1. 1. 1993 und dem 31. 12. 1997 wurden über die Tracerdiagnose „Oberschenkelhalsfraktur“ der externen Qualitätssicherung Chirurgie der Ärztekammer Westfalen-Lippe 22 556 Patientenverläufe dokumentiert. Mehrere Qualitätsindikatoren unterlagen im Beobachtungszeitraum signifikanten Veränderungen: die konservative Behandlung nahm von 6,8 % 1993 auf 4,2 % 1997 ab, die Letalität nahm von 6,9 % auf 5,4 % ab, die mittlere Verweildauer nahm von 30,9 Tagen auf 24,9 Tage ab, die mittlere präoperativen Liegezeit im Krankenhaus nahm von 2,6 Tagen auf 2,1 Tage ab, die Operationstätigkeit am Wochenende nahm zu, Wundheilungsstörungen nahmen von 4,9 % auf 6,0 % zu, kardiopulmonale Komplikationen nahmen von 11,2 % auf 7,8 % ab. Von 1993 bis 1997 wurden insgesamt 54,3 % der Patienten nach Hause entlassen; der Anteil der Patienten, die nach dem Aufenthalt in einem Akutkrankenhaus in eine Rehabilitationseinrichtung verlegt wurden, nahm von 8,3 % 1993 auf 20,1 % 1997 zu. Führendes Implantat mit leicht ansteigender Tendenz ist die Femurkopfprothese/Duokopfprothese (von 38,8 % 1993 auf 41,0 % 1997) vor der Totalendoprothese (TEP) (Abfall von 37,4 % 1993 auf 34,2 % 1997). Während die Indikation für eine operative Behandlung mit über 90 % in allen Kreisen in Westfalen-Lippe einheitlich gestellt wird, unterliegt die Anwendung der verschiedenen Operationsverfahren einer erheblichen geographischen Variation. So schwankt der Anteil endoprothetischer Versorgung je nach Region zwischen 57 % und 82 %. Die präoperative Liegezeit im Krankenhaus bei femurkopferhaltenden Operationen ist trotz einer ständigen Verringerung mit durchschnittlich 1,6 Tagen im Jahr 1997 noch zu lang.
    Notes: Summary. Since 1993 a report card system for fractures of the neck of the femur has been established in the Department of External Quality Assurance of the Chamber of Physicians of Westphalia-Lippe. Several indicators of good quality have changed significantly since then: conservative treatment decreased from 6.8 % in 1993 to 4.2 % in 1997, lethality decreased from 6.9 % to 5.4 %, average length of stay decreased from 30.9 days to 24.9 days, average length of stay before operation decreased from 2.6 to 2.1 days, the frequency of operations on weekends increased, complications in wound healing increased from 4.9 to 6.0 %, and cardiopulmonary complications decreased from 11.2 % to 7.8 %. Between 1993 and 1997, 54.3 % were dismissed to go home; the percentage of patients sent to rehabilitation facilities after acute care rose from 8.3 % in 1993 to 20.1 % in 1997. The most frequent and still increasing procedure was implantation of hemiprosthesis/bipolar prosthesis (from 38.8 % in 1993 to 41.0 % in 1997) followed by total hip replacement (decreasing from 37.4 % in 1993 to 34.2 % in 1997). Operative treatment was performed in more than 90 % of all fractures in all counties of Westphalia-Lippe. However, there was a wide and significant geographical variation in the choice between osteosynthesis and hip replacement: the percentage of hip replacements differed between 57 % and 82 % among different counties. Average length of stay before the operative procedure for patients undergoing reduction and rigid internal fixation of the fracture is still too long (1.6 days in 1997).
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  • 52
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    Operative Orthopädie und Traumatologie 11 (1999), S. 243-251 
    ISSN: 1439-0981
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Blutsperre ; Technik ; Indikation ; Komplikationen ; Experimentelle Daten ; Key words Tourniquet ; Esmarch bandage ; Indications ; Complications ; Experimental data
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 53
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    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 384 (1999), S. 50-53 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Key words Thyroid neoplasm ; Surgery ; Complications ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Introduction: With the good prognosis associated with differentiated carcinoma, the morbidity and mortality of different surgical approaches are of crucial importance. Methods: At the Department of Surgery (Virchow Klinikum Berlin), 139 patients who underwent surgery for differentiated thyroid carcinoma between 1979 and 1994 were reviewed, focussing on postoperative complications. In 113 and 18 patients, respectively, primary and completion thyroidectomy was performed. In five patients, less than total thyroidectomy and in three patients only palliative surgery was carried out. We performed thyroidectomy without systematic lymphadenectomy (LAD) in 70 patients (51.1%). In 15 patients (10.8%), lymphadenectomy of the lateral compartment and, in 53 patients (38.1%), central LAD was performed. LAD did not significantly influence survival time in either follicular (n = 42) or papillary carcinoma (n = 97). Results: No patient died because of postoperative complications. Permanent laryngeal nerve palsy occurred in no patients after thyroidectomy without LAD, in one patient after central LAD (1.9%) and in one patient after lateral LAD (6.7%). Transient laryngeal nerve palsy was seen in ten patients [six (8.6%) after thyroidectomy only, two (3.7%) after central LAD and two (13.3%) after lateral LAD] (P = 0.19). Hypocalcemia was distributed equally within the LAD groups: total transient hypocalcemia could be recorded in 54 patients (38.8%), but permanent hypocalcemia occurred only in one patient (0.7%). Postoperative recovery was delayed in patients when a more radical approach was used (P = 0.03). Conclusion: The magnitude of the benefit of LAD in therapy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma is still controversial. This more radical approach is not necessarily accompanied, however, by higher morbidity and mortality.
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  • 54
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    European journal of plastic surgery 22 (1999), S. 85-88 
    ISSN: 1435-0130
    Keywords: Key words Circumcision ; Complications ; Penis ; Injuries
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Circumcision remains the most common operation performed on males. Although, not technically difficult, it is accompanied by a rate of morbidity and can result in complications ranging from trivial to tragic. The reported incidence of complications varies from 0.1% to 35% the most common being infection, bleeding and failure to remove the appropriate amount of foreskin. Forty patients suffering from different degrees of circumcision complications and their treatment are presented. In all patients satisfactory functional and cosmetic results were achieved. Whether it is done for ritualistic, religious or medical reasons circumcision should be performed by a fully trained surgeon using a proper technique as follows 1) adequate use of antiseptic agents; 2) complete separation of inner preputial epithelium from the glans; 3) marking the skin to be removed at the beginning of operation; 4) careful attention to the baby’s voiding within the first 6 to 8 h after circumcision; 5) removal or replacement of the dressings on the day following circumcision.
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  • 55
    ISSN: 1435-0130
    Keywords: Key words Jejunal autotransplantation ; Head and neck carcinoma ; Complications ; Surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The study was performed to evaluate abdominal complications related to jejunal segment resection for reconstruction after radical oropharyngeal tumor resection. Perioperative complications of 104 patients (median age, 53.7 years; 23 female; 81 male) who underwent surgery for oropharyngeal malignancy after radiochemotherapy and the long-term morbidity of 35 patients after a median follow-up period of 21 months are analyzed. The perioperative mortality was 8.7% (9/104); none of the perioperative deaths was caused by an abdominal complication associated with the jejunal resection. In three cases, repeat laparotomy was performed within 30 days of jejunal autotransplantation: in two of them the reason was not directly associated with bowel resection and one patient had an abdominal wall dehiscence. In six cases there were minor abdominal complications which could be treated nonsurgically. There was no anastomotic leakage, bowel obstruction or postoperative bleeding. In the follow-up re-examination, no late onset abdominal complications were noted except small incisional hernias in six of the 35 patients; only one required a hernia repair. Despite a potentially increased operative risk in these patients, the complication rate after bowel resection for jejunal autotransplantation was low. This is a safe procedure in patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma.
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  • 56
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    Diseases of the colon & rectum 40 (1997), S. 939-945 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Laparoscopy ; Port site implants ; Colectomy ; Complications ; Pneumoperitoneum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract BACKGROUND: An increased risk of laparoscopic port wound tumor implantation in the presence of overt or covert abdominal malignancy has been identified. PURPOSE: A porcine laparoscopic colectomy model has been used to quantify the influence surgical practices may have on tumor cell implantation. METHODS:51Cr-labeled, fixed HeLa cells were injected intraperitoneally before surgery. Tumor cell contamination of instruments, ports, security threads, and excised wound margins was assessed by gamma counting. RESULTS: Greatest contamination occurred in ports used by the operating surgeon under pneumoperitoneum (64 percent of all port wound tumor cells) and mechanical elevation (76 percent). Gasless surgery in patients in the head-down position increased the rostral accumulation of tumor cells in the abdomen and right upper quadrant port wound by 330 and 176 percent, respectively. Under pneumoperitoneum, port movement was the major contributor to port leakage and wound contamination (21 percent of total recovered wound tumor cells per port). Tumor cells were not carried in aerosol form. Instrument passage and the withdrawal of security threads through the abdominal wall increased port wound contamination 430 and 263 percent, respectively, over pneumoperitoneum control ports. Preoperative lavage reduced by 61 percent, but did not eliminate, wound contamination. CONCLUSION: This porcine model may be used to evaluate surgical factors for the impact on port wound contamination.
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  • 57
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Abscess ; Computed tomography-guided drainage ; Complications ; Anastomotic leak
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: This study was designed to assess the efficacy of computed tomography-guided percutaneous abscess drainage in intestinal disease. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of patients who underwent percutaneous abscess drainage for complications of intestinal disease with or without surgery between 1990 and 1994. RESULTS: Eighty-two patients with 111 abscesses were identified. Causes of abscess included anastomotic leaks (35 percent), postoperative complications without leak (30 percent), and diverticular disease (23 percent). Complete success (no surgery necessary) was achieved in 53 of 82 patients (65 percent). Nine patients (11 percent) who underwent interval surgery were classified as having partial successes. Twenty-six of 26 (100 percent) well-defined unilocular collections containing pus were successfully drained. Complex abscesses (loculated, poorly defined, multiple, associated with fistula, draining feces) were successfully drained in 35 of 55 patients (63 percent). Success rates varied inversely with the number of complicating factors present. Apache II scores of 15 or higher were associated with decreased success rates. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous abscess drainage is a highly successful technique for treatment of patients with intra-abdominal infection related to intestinal disease. Although several factors are associated with decreased success rates and multiple complicating factors combine to reduce success rates, no identifiable factor or combination of factors preclude the possibility of a successful outcome.
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  • 58
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    Diseases of the colon & rectum 40 (1997), S. 257-262 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Heal pouch-anal anastomosis ; Ulcerative colitis ; Crohn's disease ; Familial adenomatous polyposis ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: This study was designed to identify factors associated with pelvic pouch failure. METHOD: A retrospective review of patients undergoing the pelvic pouch procedure with a minimum of 30 months follow-up was conducted. RESULTS: A total of 551 patients had pelvic pouch procedures from 1981 to 1992. Forty-nine patients (8.8 percent) have undergone pouch excision, and 9 (1.6 percent) have been defunctioned, for 58 (10.5 percent) patients with pouch failure. Cause of failure was leakage from the ileoanal anastomosis (IAA) in 21 (39 percent) patients, poor functional results in 13 (23 percent), pouchitis in 7 (12 percent), pouch leakage in 7 (12 percent), perianal disease in 7 (12 percent), and miscellaneous in 3 (5.2 percent). Nine of 22 patients (41 percent) had pouch failure during the first two years, with 2 of 147 patients (1 percent) having failure during the last two years of the study. The 58 patients whose pouches failed (Group 1) were compared with the 493 patients whose pouches did not fail (Group 2). Handsewn IAA (P 〈0.001), tension on the IAA (P 〈0.001), use of a defunctioning ileostomy (P 〈0.01), a diagnosis of Crohn's disease (P 〈0.001), and a leak from the pouch (P 〈0.001) or the IAA (P 〈0.001) were associated with pouch failure. Pouchitis was not a risk factor. CONCLUSION: The majority of pouch failures were caused by leaks at the IAA. Although the leak rate remained stable, leaks following a stapled anastomosis seemed to have a better prognosis than leaks following a handsewn anastomosis. Experience with the pouch procedure and the management of complications likely plays an important role in decreasing the risk of pouch failure.
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  • 59
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    Diseases of the colon & rectum 40 (1997), S. 112-115 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Stoma ; Laparoscopy ; Closed technique ; Complications ; Surgical technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Stoma creation often involves a separate laparotomy incision. Recently, laparoscopy was suggested to minimize the morbidity associated with conventional open stomal techniques. We describe and evaluate a technique of stoma creation done directly through the stoma site, avoiding both laparotomy and laparoscopy. METHODS: Charts of 36 patients who underwent attempted stoma creation using this closed technique were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 32 patients had stomas successfully created in this fashion (closed group); although four patients failed and required laparotomy (open group), there was an overall success rate of 89 percent. Blood loss (17±5 vs. 350±130 ml; P 〈.001), operative time (52±8 vs. 169±35 minutes; P 〈0.001), and complications (3/32 vs. 4/4;P 〈0.001) favored the closed group. No factors, including diagnosis, obesity, or previous abdominal surgery were identified that contraindicated use of the closed technique. CONCLUSIONS: Stomas can be safely made in a high proportion of patients without the need for laparotomy or laparoscopy. Failure of the closed technique identifies a group of patients who have a high associated operative time, blood loss, and morbidity when laparotomy is used for stoma creation and in whom laparoscopic procedures may improve results.
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  • 60
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Epithelial ovarian cancer ; Second-look laparotomy ; Complications ; Secondary cytoreduction ; Survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: The routine inclusion of second-look laparotomy in the management of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer is controversial. At issue is the justification of morbidity incumbent upon surgery and the possible survival benefit of secondary cytoreduction. Methods: The rate of major complications of surgery was assessed among 100 consecutive patients with FIGO stage III or IV epithelial ovarian cancer who underwent second-look laparotomy. All patients demonstrated a complete clinical and biochemical (CA125 〈35 U/ml) response to first-line therapy. Patients were stratified based on findings at surgery. Patients in group 1 (n=37) had a negative second-look laparotomy. Patients in group 2 (n=35) had only microscopically appreciable disease. Patients in group 3 (n=28) had macroscopic disease. Cytoreductive efforts aimed at resection of all macroscopic disease were carried out for patients in group 3. Results: Thirteen patients (13%) had 15 major complications at surgery. Comparison of the complication rates for patients in groups 1, 2, and 3, of 10%, 8.5%, and 21.4%, respectively, did not achieve statistical significance (p=0.228). The estimated 5-year survival for patients in groups 1, 2, and 3 of 63.9%, 39.8%, and 14.2%, did differ significantly (p〈0.0001). Cytoreductive efforts resulted in the resection of all macroscopic disease in 18 of 28 patients (64.2%) in group 3. The median survival for this group of 18 patients was 33 months, and estimated 5-year survival was 20%. These values do not differ significantly from those observed for patients in group 2. Conclusion: The major complication rate associated with second-look laparotomy is not prohibitive Secondary cytoreductive efforts may result in improved survival for patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.
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  • 61
    ISSN: 1438-8359
    Keywords: Double-lumen tube ; Complications ; Tube troubles ; Airway obstruction ; One-lung ventilation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose Several case reports indicate critical respiratory complications in relation to the double-lumen endobronchial tube (DLT). A prospective survey for the airway problems in using the DLT is presented. Methods One hundred adult patients undergoing thoracotomy for lung cancer were investigated. Tube malposition and airway obstruction were searched using a fiber-optic scope. The endobronchial cuff was positioned just below the trachcal carina while the trachea was intubated with a DLT (Rüsch). The distances of displacement, from the tracheal carina to the bronchial cuff, were measured during anesthesia using an epidural catheter, which had marks every 5 mm. The distances for correcting the tube position were measured at both the bronchial cuff and the level of the teethPaO2,PaCO2 andSPO2 were also measured. Results Malposition (displacement over 5 mm from the correct position) was found in 42 patients, and 40 of them were in a withdrawal direction, occurring at the postural change and during one-lung ventilation, especially during manipulation of the lung hilum. Correcting distances at the level of the teeth were 15.3–3-times longer than those at the bronchial cuff. Airway deformities and gradual withdrawal of the bronchial cuff were found in association with surgical manipulation. Obstruction occurred at the tips of the tracheal tube in four patients and the bronchial tube in six patients, and at the tip of both in two patients. Hypoxemia (PaO2〈60 mmHg) occurred in four patients and hypercapnea (PaCO2〉60 mm Hg) in two patients. Conclusion Most of the DLT obstructions were associated with withdrawal malposition. Great attention to DLT displacement and airway deformity is advised.
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  • 62
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    Gefässchirurgie 2 (1997), S. 144-149 
    ISSN: 1434-3932
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Shunt ; Dialyse ; Offenheitsrate ; Komplikation ; Key words Fistula ; Hemodialysis ; Patency rate ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract This paper reports our experience in surgery for hemodialysis access. In the period from 1983 to 1995, 728 operative procedures for hemodialysis access shunts were carried out. These were performed in 391 patients. A total of 599 shunts were placed as the primary form of access, including 423 autologous fistulas in the forearm and 144 in the upper arm. Additionally, 30 PTFE grafts were placed. As proposed, we have seen good functional results of the Brescia-Cimino-fistula in the forearm. Shunts in the upper arm show similar results but a higher rate of complications. PTFE grafts are associated with multiple complications and show a significantly lower rate of patency.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ziel der Arbeit ist die Darstellung eigener Erfahrungen als gefäßchirurgisches Zentrum mit der Dialyseshuntchirurgie. Im Zeitraum von 1983–1995 erfolgten in unserer Klinik insgesamt 728 shuntchirurgische Eingriffe an 391 Patienten; 599 Eingriffe waren Neuanlagen von Dialyseshunts. Als autologe Dialysefisteln wurden 423 am Unterarm und 144 am Oberarm angelegt. Bei 30 Dialyseshunts erfolgte die Anlage unter Verwendung von Gefäßprothesen. Erwartungsgemäß fanden sich gute Ergebnisse für die Brescia-Cimino-Fistel am Unterarm. Oberarmfisteln wiesen bei höherer Komplikationsrate gleich gute funktionelle Ergebnisse auf. Prothesenshunts waren komplikationsträchtig und zeigten signifikant schlechtere Funktionszeiten.
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  • 63
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    Gefässchirurgie 2 (1997), S. 65-68 
    ISSN: 1434-3932
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Glutealnekrose ; Aortoiliakale Chirurgie ; Komplikationen ; Key words Gluteal necrosis ; Aorto-iliac surgery ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Chronic hypoperfusion of the hypogastric arteries due to aortoiliac surgery leads to a complex of symptoms well known as Lerich's syndome. In contrast, acute ischemia of the pelvic arterial tree leads to lethal complications [2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 12, 13]. Acute interruption of the hypogastric perfusion mainly occurs after aortoiliac surgery or after selective transcatheter embolisation of the internal iliac artery for control of pelvic bleeding [1, 8]. Several complications may occur after total occlusion: urinary bladder necrosis [6], left colon ischemia, spinal cord ischemia [10], nerve palsy, necrosis of the rectum and gluteal musculature [2, 11–13]. Despite adequate therapy, mortality is over 70% [2]. We report the case of a 66-year-old patient who survived after acute occlusion of the iliac arteries with gluteal necrosis following replacement of the infrarenal aorta with an aortobiiliacal graft.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die chronische Minderperfusion im aortoiliakalen Stromgebiet führt zu einem Symptomenkomplex, der als Leriche-Syndrom bekannt ist. Im Gegensatz dazu drohen bei akuter Ischämie nach Verschluß der Beckenarterien schwere Komplikationen mit teilweise letalem Ausgang [2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 12, 13]. Die akute Unterbrechung der aortoiliakalen Perfusion wird überwiegend nach Eingiffen an der Aorta und den Beckenarterien, oder auch nach selektiver kathetergesteuerter Embolisation der Iliakalarterien zur Beherrschung von Blutungen im Beckenbereich beobachtet [1, 8]. Die verschiedenen Komplikationen verteilen sich auf Blasennekrosen [6], linksseitige Kolonischämien und Spinalarterienischämien [10], Nervenausfälle sowie Nekrosen des Rektums und der Glutealmuskulatur [2, 11–13]. Trotz adäquater Therapie beträgt die Letalität über 70% [2]. Wir berichten über einen 66jährigen Patienten, bei dem nach Ausschaltung eines rechtsseitig gedeckt rupturierten Iliakalaneurysmas durch eine Y-Prothese aufgrund eines beidseitigen Verschlusses der Aa. iliacae internae eine bilaterale Glutealnekrose auftrat, der aber dennoch diese meist letale Komplikation überlebte.
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  • 64
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    Der Chirurg 68 (1997), S. 395-402 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy ; Complications ; Legal consequences. ; Schlüsselwörter: Laparoskopische Cholecystektomie ; Komplikationen ; forensische Konsequenzen.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Mit zunehmender Etablierung der laparoskopischen Cholecystektomie treten seit einigen Jahren juristische Aspekte in den Vordergrund. Zur Klärung der Frage, welche Folgen eine kompliziert oder auch fehlerhaft verlaufene laparoskopische Cholecystektomie in juristischer Hinsicht nach sich zieht, wurden die erreichbaren Entscheidungen der Schlichtungsstellen der Ärztekammern sowie der Gerichte aufgearbeitet. Von 40 ausgewerteten Fällen von Behandlungsfehlervorwürfen wurden 16 als Behandlungsfehler anerkannt, 24 mal wurden die Vorwürfe zurückgewiesen. Der häufigste Vorwurf betraf mit 26 Fällen die Gallenwegverletzung. Von diesen 26 Verletzungen wurden 7 als Behandlungsfehler anerkannt, davon 2 als schwere Behandlungsfehler. Als Gründe für anerkannte Behandlungsfehler wurden in den Urteilen im wesentlichen ein verzögertes Umsteigen auf die konventionelle Operation, eine verzögerte Revision, die laparoskopische Durchführung einer Revisionsoperation und das fehlende Umsteigen bei unübersichtlichem Situs genannt.
    Notes: Summary. As laparoscopic cholecystectomy becomes more established, interest in legal aspects increases. The legal cases dealt with in Germany since the introduction of this laparoscopic method in 1989 were studied to determine the legal consequences of complications. Of 40 cases, 16 were judged to be cases of malpractice, whereas 24 were not. The most common cause was injury of the common bile duct (26 cases). Seven of these 26 cases were judged to be cases of malpractice, 2 of these as grave errors. The main reasons for the acceptance of a case as malpractice were delay in changing to conventional cholecystectomy, delayed revision, laparoscopic revisions and not reverting to conventional cholecystectomy in unclear situations.
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  • 65
    ISSN: 1279-8509
    Keywords: Hemophilia ; Complications ; Africa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to describe the presenting features at diagnosis and complications of hemophilia in Dakar, we conducted a study of hospital records between October 1991 and January 1993. Twenty-five cases of hemophilia were identified. We found that only 4% of our patients were diagnosed in the first 6 months of life whereas 64% of patients were diagnosed between 6 months and 5 years of age, 32% were detected between 5 years and 14 years of age. The presenting feature at diagnosis was external bleeding in 60% of cases and internal bleeding in 40%. 92% of cases were hemophilia type A and only 8% hemophilia type B. 56% of patients had mild hemophilia, 40% moderate and only 4% severe disease. Hemophiliac arthropathy was present on radiography in 76%. Complications were dominated by repeated joint bleeding, which was present in 92% of patients, and repeated hematomas (80% of patients). A functional handicap was present in 60% of cases. 12% of transfused hemophiliacs developed an inhibitor and 4% of patients were HIV positive. Greater awareness of hemophilia amongst the medical community as well as continued efforts to improve care for hemophiliacs in Senegal are necessary.
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  • 66
    ISSN: 1438-1435
    Keywords: Pancreatitis ; Pleural effusions ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Recognition of pleural effusions in acute pancreatitis is important since it carries prognostic implications. This study evaluates the incidence and characteristics of pleural effusions on computed tomography (CT) of patients with mainly an alcohol ingestion etiology of acute pancreatitis. A review of medical records and abdominal CT scans in 50 patients with clinical and laboratory evidence of acute pancreatitis was carried out. All patients were referred for abdominal CT scanning based on an initial clinical presentation consistent with acute pancreatitis and had confirmatory elevation of the corresponding serum enzyme levels. The presence, laterality, and size of any pleural effusions were recorded from the initial sections through the lung bases. Based on a review of medical records, 36 patients (72%) had an alcohol-related etiology of acute pancreatitis. Overall, 10 patients (20%) with acute pancreatitis had pleural effusions on abdominal CT imaging. Five of the effusions were bilateral, three were unilateral right sided, and two were unilateral left sided. Nine of the effusions were small (〈1 cm in maximal height) or medium (1–2 cm) in size. Small and medium-sized pleural effusions are not uncommon in acute pancreatitis. The higher incidence in this study compared to that in earlier reports likely represents the increased sensitivity of cross-sectional imaging for small amounts of pleural fluid. The absence of left-sided effusion predominance in our study group is contrary to much of the earlier literature and may reflect demographic factors, such as etiology and previous history of pancreatitis, although statistical variability must also be considered.
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  • 67
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Acetabulum ; Fraktur ; Operative Behandlung ; Komplikationen ; Ergebnisse ; Key words Acetabulum ; Fractures ; Operative treatment ; Complications ; Results
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Between December 1986 and November 1995, 222 patients with 225 acetabular fractures were treated operatively by three surgeons in the Department of Traumatology and Emergency Surgery of the University Hospitals of the Catholic University of Leuven. Indications for surgery were unstable fracture, displaced fracture through the acetabular dome and fracture with intra-acetabular fracture fragments. There were 37.3% A-fractures, 49.7% B-fractures, and 13% C fractures according to the AO Classification. In 16.4% of fractures there were primary neurological deficits. Patients were treated operatively after an average of 5.0 days. The Kocher-Langenbeck approach was used in 56.9% of cases, the ilio-inguinal approach in 27.1% and the extended iliofemoral approach in 4%. In 7.1% of patients, a primary total hip endoprosthesis was implanted. There was no intra- oder perioperative mortality. The average hospital stay was 26.1 days. In 7.1% of patients, we noted secondary neurological problems. Deep infections were present in 1.3%. In 11.1% of patients a second operative procedure was necessary. We were able to review 175 patients after an average of 2 years. Signs of arthrosis and periarticular ossification were noted on the x-rays: walking distance, hip mobility and pain intensity were asked about and recorded after the clinical examination. In 76% of patients an excellent or good result on the Merle-d'Aubigne scale was obtained. T-fractures and posterior wall fractures were followed by the worst results. During this 9-year period, changes have been made to the preoperative radiological examination carried out, the choice of operative approach and our policy on prevention of thrombosis prophylaxis and postoperative ossification. After thorough preoperative diagnosis and with a meticulous operative technique, it is possible to stabilise the vast majority of acetabular fractures through the three classical approaches. Because the fractures are relatively rare, their diagnosis complex and their surgical treatment difficult, specific training is essential for every acetabular surgeon.
    Notes: In der Zeit zwischen Dezember 1986 und November 1995 wurden in der Klinik für Unfall- und Notfallchirurgie der Universitätskliniken der Katholischen Universität Leuven 222 Patienten mit 225 Acetabulumfrakturen von drei Chirurgen operativ versorgt. Operationsindikationen bestanden bei instabilen Frakturen, verschobenen Frakturen durch das Acetabulumdach und Frakturen mit intraartikulären Frakturfragmenten. Es lagen in 37,3% A-Frakturen, in 49,7% B-Frakturen und in 13% C-Frakturen der AO-Klassifikation vor. Bei 16,4% der Frakturen waren präoperativ neurologische Ausfälle vorhanden. Die Patienten wurden durchschnittlich nach 5,0 Tagen operativ versorgt. Der Kocher-Langenbeck-Zugang wurde in 56,9% verwendet, der ilioinguinale Zugang in 27,1% und der erweiterte iliofemorale Zugang in 4%. Bei 7,1% der Patienten wurde primär eine Totalendoprothese implantiert. Es gab keine intra- oder perioperative Mortalität. Der durchschnittliche Krankenhausaufenthalt betrug 26,1 Tage. Bei 7,1% der Patienten bestanden sekundäre neurologische Probleme, Infektprobleme kamen in 1,3% vor, Sekundäreingriffe waren in 11,1% notwendig. 175 Patienten wurden nach einem durchschnittlichen Zeitraum von 2 Jahren nachuntersucht. Arthrosezeichen und periartikuläre Ossifikationen wurden röntgenologisch, Gehstrecke, Hüftmobilität und Schmerzintensität klinisch ausgewertet; 76% dieser Patienten erhielten ein sehr gutes bis gutes Ergebnis nach der Merle-D'Aubigne-Skala. Die schlechtesten Ergebnisse erhielten die T-Frakturen und die Hinterwandfrakturen. Im Laufe des Neunjahreszeitraums der Studie haben sich präoperative Röntgendiagnostik, die Wahl des operativen Zugangs und die postoperative Versorgung in Bezug auf Thromboseprophylaxe und Prävention von periartikulären Ossifikationen eingehend geändert. Nach ausführlicher präoperativer Diagnostik und mit sorgfältiger Operationstechnik ist es möglich, die Mehrheit der Acetabulumfrakturen durch die drei klassischen Zugänge zu operieren. Weil diese Frakturen eher selten sind, die Diagnostik mühsam und die chirurgische Technik sich schwierig gestaltet, ist eine spezifische Schulung für jeden Acetabulumchirurgen unerläßlich.
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  • 68
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    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 145 (1997), S. 1286-1288 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Septumsabszeß ; Diagnose ; Komplikationen ; Kasuistik ; Key words Septal abscess ; Diagnosis ; Complications ; Case report
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Nasal abscesses are uncommon and therefore have been given little attention in the medical literatur. So there are possible diagnostical problems, especially in children. Immediate therapy is indicated to avoid cosmetic deformity or intracranial infections. Treatment entailsm surgical drainage, reconstruction of the septum, and adequate antibiotic backup. Discussion: Nasal septal abscesses should be considered whenever obstructions in nasal breathing with concomitant raised body temperature and swelling occur after trauma.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ein Nasenseptumhämatom bzw. -abszeß ist ein seltenes Krankheitsbild und wird in der medizinischen Fachliteratur nur wenig berücksichtigt. Das führt dazu, daß bei der Diagnose Schwierigkeiten bestehen, was v.a. bei Kindern der Fall zu sein scheint. Eine unmittelbare Therapie zur Vermeidung von kosmetischen Problemen bzw. intrakraniallen Komplikationen ist erforderlich. Diese besteht in einer Drainierung, Rekonstruktion des Septums bzw. antibiotischen Abschirmung. Diskussion: Bei einer nach Trauma auftretenden Behinderung der Nasenatmung mit Fieber und Schwellung ist an einen Septumabszeß zu denken.
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  • 69
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    Der Chirurg 68 (1997), S. 613-617 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy ; Outpatient clinic ; Prospective study ; Complications ; Costs ; Cost effective. ; Schlüsselwörter: Ambulante laparoskopische Cholecystektomie ; niedergelassene Operationseinrichtung ; prospektive Studie ; Komplikationen ; Kosten.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. In einer prospektiven Beobachtungsstudie wurden 140 Patienten erfaßt, die rein ambulant laparoskopisch cholecystektomiert wurden. Das Patientengut entspricht im wesentlichen den Veröffentlichungen stationär operierter Patienten. Es gab keine relevanten intra- und postoperativen Komplikationen. Postoperativ brauchten die Patienten weniger Schmerzmittel, erholten sich schneller und waren schneller wieder arbeitsfähig als Patienten in vergleichbaren Veröffentlichungen stationär operierter Patienten. Die ambulante laparoskopische Cholecystektomie ist eine gute Alternative für Patienten mit geringem oder mittlerem Risiko. Selbst bei verbesserter Ertragssituation für die Operationseinrichtung eröffnet sie außerdem Einsparpotentiale im Gesundheitssystem.
    Notes: Summary. A total of 140 patients underwent outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy in an outpatient clinic. Evaluation and follow-up of the patients were done prospectively. Population and preoperative data were comparable to published studies of patients operated on in hospitals. There were no serious intra- or postoperative complications. Postoperatively, patients needed less pain medication, were less tired and returned to work earlier than patients after clinical laparoscopic cholecystectomies. Outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy offers a good alternative to patients with moderate operative risks (ASA 1–3). It could reduce costs in the German health system and would be therefore highly cost effective.
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  • 70
    ISSN: 1433-0423
    Keywords: Key words Cytomegalovirus retinitis ; Intraocular sustained release device ; Complications ; Ablatio retinae ; CMV resistance ; Schlüsselwörter CMV-Retinitis ; Ganciclovir-Medikamententräger ; Pars-plana-Implantation ; Komplikationen ; Begleittherapie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Zytomegalievirus-(CMV)-Retinitis als häufigste opportunistische Infektion bei Patienten mit Aids wurde erstmals 1992 mit einem intraokular implantierten Medikamententräger therapiert. Im Jahr 1995 wurden die ersten Medikamententräger in Deutschland implantiert und im Rahmen einer offenen Studie der postoperative Verlauf, die Komplikationen und die Wirkdauer überprüft. Patienten und Methode: 20 Patienten wurden in die Studie eingeschlossen und insgesamt 32 Augen mit einem Ganciclovir-Medikamententräger (Vitrasert™, Fa. Chiron-Adatomed, München) versehen. Alle Patienten bekamen zusätzlich eine orale Ganciclovir- oder adjuvante i. v.-Therapie. Der Medikamententräger besteht aus Ethylenvinylazetat und enthält 4,5 mg Ganciclovir mit einer Freisetzungsrate von 1 μg/h Ganciclovir in den Glaskörper über eine prognostizierte Wirkdauer von 6–8 Monaten. Ergebnisse: Die schwerwiegendste Komplikation war die Ablatio retinae bei 5 Patienten (5 Augen), diese Inzidenz entspricht der Ablationshäufigkeit unserer konservativ (d. h. i. v. oder oral) behandelten Patienten. Resistenz gegen Ganciclovir und andere Nukleosidanaloga war die Ursache für die Progredienz der Retinitis nach Implantation bei 2 Patienten mit nachfolgender Erblindung. In keinem Fall wurde eine CMV-Neuinfektion der nicht betroffenen Augen gesehen, es wurden keine extraokularen CMV-Manifestationen unter systemischer antiviraler Begleittherapie festgestellt. Innerhalb des Untersuchungszeitraums von 12 Monaten trat kein Rezidiv auf. Schlußfolgerung: Die Implantation eines Ganciclovir-Medikamententrägers erlaubt eine zielgerichtete antivirale Therapie der CMV-Retinitis mit dem deutlichen Vorteil der wesentlich selteneren Rezidivhäufigkeit. Extraokulare und Zweitaugen-CMV-Infektionen können durch tolerable systemische Therapieschemata verhindert werden.
    Notes: Summary We performed an open clinical trial to assess the safety and efficacy of a 1 μg/h ganciclovir implant for the treatment of newly and pretreated cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Patients and methods: Thirty-two eyes (20 patients) received the ganciclovir intraocular device and were prospectively followed up from 30 to 365 days. We used a modified technique for fixation of the device in half of the patients. The modification improved the fixation of the implant with a two-hole technique in the strut. Results: Thirty eyes showed stabilization of the retinitis over the time, but in two patients resistance against ganciclovir and other nucleosid analogue compounds developed. Postoperative complications included vitreous hemorrhage (n = 1), cataract (n = 1), and uveitis anterior (n = 1). Late retinal detachment was seen in five eyes (25 %) at 30 to 60 days after implantation. Followup until 1 year after implantation did not show progression of CMV retinitis in 18 of 20 patients. All received antiviral CMV therapy to protect noninfected eyes and intestinum against CMV infection. Conclusions: The ganciclovir intraocular device seemed to be effective in most cases of CMV retinitis and offers a promising alternative for cytomegalovirus retinitis. Patients pretreated longer than 6 months with i. v. ganciclovir have to be carefully selected for implantation, because resistance against ganciclovir could be three times more likely than in i. v.-therapy naive patients.
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  • 71
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    Der Ophthalmologe 94 (1997), S. 50-52 
    ISSN: 1433-0423
    Keywords: Key words rTPA ; Fibrin ; Eye ; Anterior segment ; Complications ; Schlüsselwörter rTPA ; Fibrin ; Auge ; Vorderabschnitt ; Komplikationen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Seit einigen Jahren wird Gewebeplasminogenaktivator (rTPA) intraokular zur Behandlung persistierender Fibrinmembranen eingesetzt, ohne daß bisher nennenswerte Komplikationen beschrieben wurden. Wir berichten über unsere eigenen Erfahrungen beim Einsatz von rTPA im vorderen Augenabschnitt bei 25 Patienten. Über eine Parazentese wurden komplikationslos jeweils 25 µg rTPA (Actilyse, Dr. Karl Thomae GmbH) in die Vorderkammer gespritzt. Ein Rückgang des Fibrins war – wenn auch bei einigen Augen nur allmählich – in 21 Fällen zu verzeichnen. Als postoperative Komplikationen traten 2mal eine (beherrschbare) Nachblutung und 2mal eine irreversible oberflächliche Hornhauttrübung auf. Die Behandlung einer Fibrinmembran des vorderen Augenabschnitts mit rTPA stellt in vielen Fällen eine sinnvolle Ergänzung der lokalen Steroidgabe dar. Beunruhigend ist für uns jedoch das Auftreten von irreversiblen Hornhautkomplikationen, deren Pathogenese wir uns derzeit noch nicht erklären können. Aufgrund des eindeutigen zeitlichen Zusammenhangs müssen wir jedoch von einer kausalen bzw. toxischen Wirkung des rTPA selbst oder einer der Lösungskomponenten ausgehen.
    Notes: Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rTPA) is commonly used in patients with myocardial infarction. Recently, it has also been applied intraocularly to dissolve post-operative fibrin with no serious complications being reported so far. In this study we describe our own experience with rTPA in 25 patients with persisting fibrinous membranes in the anterior segment. rTPA (Actilyse, Dr. Karl Thomae GmbH) was given in a single dose of 25 µg and injected into the anterior chamber via a paracentesis. We did not encounter any complications during the injection of rTPA. In 21 eyes fibrin could be reduced significantly, albeit sometimes only slowly. In 13 patients, the membrane had dissolved almost completely by the following day. In contrast, no success was observed after glaucoma surgery (2 eyes) and in chronic iritis (1 eye), or when fibrin mixed with blood was treated (1 eye). There were two (controllable) post-operative hemorrhages (rTPA after vitrectomy, and for fibrin/blood after cataract surgery). In addition, we noted 2 cases of irreversible superficial corneal clouding (rTPA after cataract surgery). We conclude that injection of rTPA can be a useful addition to steroid treatment in selective cases of persisting fibrin in the anterior segment. Long-standing membranes, however, are unlikely to be dissolved. Care should also be taken and rTPA be avoided when there is evidence of recent bleeding. Most worrying to us were the corneal complications that we cannot explain to date. With regard to the definite time correlation we feel that rTPA or one of the solution components might be the cause of this unusual feature.
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  • 72
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    Der Orthopäde 26 (1997), S. 67-74 
    ISSN: 1433-0431
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Kongenitale Hüftluxation ; Offene Reposition ; Zugangswege ; Operationstechnik ; Komplikationen ; Femurkopfnekrose ; Reluxation ; Key words Congenital dislocation of the hip ; CDH ; DDH ; Open reduction ; Surgical approach ; Surgical technique ; Complications ; avascular necrosis ; Recurrent dislocation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Closed reduction of a hip dislocation will prove even more difficult if the dislocation has existed over a longer period of time. The indication is based on several principles: An open reduction may be carried out only after an unsuccessful attempt to perform a closed reduction or at a fixed age limit (12 or 24 months) or based upon arthrographic findings. In our department, for babies up to the age of 12 months, we always try to perform a closed reduction. Between 12 to 24 months, arthrographic findings will determine the choice of method. After the age of two, as a rule, we use an open reduction. The preliminary treatment consists of longitudinal traction. Current methods of approach to the hip joint are the medial approach according to Ludloff or the frontal approach by means of an inguinal incision. With the medial approach, there is greater risk of damaging the circumflex artery; also, a higher rate of avascular necrosis of the femoral head has been observed. Therefore, we only practice the ventral approach. Mainly for cosmetic reasons, however, instead of using the Smith-Petersen procedure, we apply a pure inguinal incision proximal to the inguinal ligament. The approach is found by detaching the muscle tissue at the anterior and interior iliac spine. Medially and laterally of the pelvic ridge, though, the tissue may be left. The joint capsule may be opened in the shape of a T or a V. A t-shape incision offers a better survey, wherby the risk of damaging a vessel is somewhat higher. In addition to resection of the teres ligament, it is necessary to indent the transverse acetabular ligament. Often, aponeurotic recession of the psoas tendon must be performed as well and the labrum indented and pushed outwards before reduction. The risk of insufficient development of the acetabulum can be minimized only if the femoral head is optimally centered. If the femoral head is in a high position (i. e., if the upper ridge of the femoral metaphysis lies higher than the triradiate cartilage), a shortening osteotomy of the femur should always be performed. This is the only possibility of repositioning the femoral head without exercizing exaggerated pressure. On the other hand, we are rather reticent to perform a pelvic osteotomy at the time of repositioning. For children unter 2 years of age, we recommend to that the acetabulum be allowed to develop and that a pelvic osteotomy be performed at a lager period if necessary. Postoperative treatment is given for a period of 12 weeks in a hip-leg cast in the Fettweis position, followed by another 3 months in a splint. Possible complications are redislocations, avascular necrosis of the femoral head and persistent acetabular dysplasia. An optimal technique will considerably reduce the risks of such complications.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Je länger eine Hüftgelenkluxation besteht, desto schwieriger wird es, sie geschlossen zu reponieren. Für die Indikation der offenen Reposition kann nach verschiedenen Prinzipien vorgegangen werden. Sie kann entweder nur nach mißlungenem geschlossenem Repositionsversuch durchgeführt werden oder aufgrund einer starren Altersgrenze (12 oder 24 Monate) oder auf der Basis von arthrographischen Befunden. An unserer Klinik versuchen wir bis zum Alter von 12 Monaten stets primär geschlossen zu reponieren, zwischen 12 und 24 Monaten richten wir uns nach dem arthrographischen Befund, jenseits des 2. Lebensjahres reponieren wir stets von Anfang an offen. Als Vorbehandlung führen wir eine Extension durch. Als Zugänge zum Hüftgelenk sind der mediale Zugang nach Ludloff sowie der vordere Zugang durch Leistenschnitt gebräuchlich. Die Gefahr der Verletzung der A. circumflexa femoris ist beim medialen Zugang größer, es wurde auch eine höhere Rate von Femurkopfnekrosen beobachtet. Wir benutzen deshalb nur den ventralen Zugang. Die Gelenkkapsel kann T- oder V-förmig eröffnet werden. Die T-förmige Eröffnung erlaubt eine bessere Übersicht, die Gefahr der Gefäßverletzung ist aber etwas größer. Nur wenn es gelingt, den Femurkopf optimal zu zentrieren, kann das Risiko der ungenügenden Pfannenentwicklung minimiert werden. Bei hochstehendem Femurkopf (Oberrand der Femurmetaphyse höher als die Y-Fuge) sollte immer eine Verkürzungsosteotomie des Femurs durchgeführt werden. Nur so kann ohne ungebührlichen Druck der Femurkopf stabil reponiert werden. Hingegen sind wir mit pfannendachplastischen Eingriffen zum Zeitpunkt der Reposition eher zurückhaltend. Bei Kindern unter 2 Jahren lohnt es sich, die Pfannenentwicklung vorerst abzuwarten und allenfalls später einen pfannendachplastischen Eingriff durchzuführen. Die Nachbehandlung erfolgt während 12 Wochen in einem Becken-Bein-Gips in Fettweis-Stellung, anschließend während weiteren 3 Monaten in einer Schiene. Als Komplikationen treten Reluxationen, Femurkopfnekrosen und persistierende Dysplasien der Gelenkpfanne auf.
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  • 73
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    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 145 (1997), S. 729-733 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Otitis media acuta ; Komplikationen ; Akute Mastoiditis ; Chronische Mastoiditis ; Mastoidektomie ; Therapie ; Key words Otitis media ; Complications ; Acute mastoiditis ; Chronic mastoiditis ; Masked mastoiditis ; Mastoidectomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Antibiotics have led to a substantial decrease in the number of infants developing acute mastoiditis from middle ear infection. However, subacute or chronic mastoiditis can still often be observed, causing a variety of intracranial and extracranial life threating complications. The clinical course, the causative organism, risc factors and the role of surgical therapy were studied in 59 patients with mastoiditis. Masked forms of mastoiditis outnumbered the acute disease 2 to 1. 15% had developed complications, 5% life threatening intracranial complications (Abb. 3). Mastoid surgery was employed in all cases. 7 (12%) children needed repeated surgery because of delayed healing or clinical deterioration. The previous surgery in those cases was found to be inappropriate. Nevertheless, children recovered without any additional morbidity from surgery. Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are discussed to cope with the difficult problem of chronic mastoiditis, taking into account bacteriologic findings, risk factors and important diagnostic information.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die häufigste Komplikation der Otitis media ist die Mastoiditis. Trotz der Antibiotika entwickelt eine nicht zu vernachlässigende Anzahl von Kindern eine subakute, chronische Form der Mastoiditis, die mit den gleichen intra- und extrakranialen Komplikationen einhergehen kann. Es wird über 59 Kinder mit Mastoiditis berichtet, die klinischen Symptome, Keimspektrum, Antibiotikasensibilität und die aufgetretenen Komplikationen werden dargelegt. Bei allen Kindern wurde eine Mastoidektomie durchgeführt. Die diagnostischen und therapeutischen Probleme der chronischen Mastoiditis werden unter Einbeziehung der Risikofaktoren diskutiert.
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  • 74
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    Der Orthopäde 26 (1997), S. 327-335 
    ISSN: 1433-0431
    Keywords: Key words Acetabulum ; Radiographic assessment ; Indications for surgery ; Surgical technique ; Complications ; Schlüsselwörter Acetabulum ; Diagnostik ; Operationsindikation ; Operationstechnik ; Komplikationen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Acetabulumfrakturen sind fast zur Hälfte mit einem Polytrauma vergesellschaftet und in über 80 % der Fälle findet man zusätzliche Verletzungen. Das Operationsziel besteht in der anatomischen Wiederherstellung der Hüftpfanne und Stabilisierung der Fraktur durch Osteosynthese, so daß postoperativ auf jegliche zusätzliche äußere Fixation verzichtet werden kann. Eine penible klinische und radiologische Abklärung ist notwendig, um eine erfolgversprechende Operationsplanung durchführen zu können. In jedem Fall gehören zum Röntgenstandard neben der Beckenübersicht die Zielaufnahme der verletzten Hüfte sowie das Ala- und Obturatorbild. Mit diesen Aufnahmen läßt sich u. a. auch das zentrale Acetabulumsegment („Domfragment“) gut beurteilen. Von besonderer Wichtigkeit ist, die primäre traumabedingte Ischiadicusverletzung genau zu dokumentieren. Auf die Repositionsqualität hat der Operationszeitpunkt ganz erheblichen Einfluß. Die Operation sollte zum frühest möglichen Zeitpunkt durchgeführt und das taktische Vorgehen genau geplant werden. Dabei sind besonders bei komplexen Frakturen und für die Wahl des Zugangs 3D-Rekonstruktionen sehr hilfreich. Ohne Repositionshilfen ist das Operationsziel in vielen Fällen nicht zu erreichen. Als Implantate kommen die vorgebogenen Rekonstruktionsplatten der AO, aber auch gerade Platten in Frage. Die Operationen verlangen große Erfahrung. Behandlungsbedingte Komplikationen sind Nervenschäden, mangelhafte Repositionen, fehlplazierte Implantate, instabile Montagen, Reluxationen u. a. Postoperative Wundinfektionen sind bei Beachtung einer lückenlosen Asepsis niedrig. Dagegen findet man nach ausgedehnten Zugängen oft metaplastische Ossifikationen, die nur bei starker Ausbildung (Brooker III und IV) die Funktion des Hüftgelenks beeinträchtigen. Eine präventive Medikation mit Indometacin ist immer angezeigt. Die generelle Röntgenbestrahlung ist abzulehnen.
    Notes: Summary Almost 50 % of acetabular fractures occur in polytraumatized patients; in over 80 % additional injuries are found. The surgical goal is anatomical restoration of the acetabulum and stable fixation, in order to avoid postoperative external fixation. Careful clinical and radiological evaluation is essential to successful surgery. Standard radiological investigations include an anteroposterior view of the pelvis, a “spot” radiograph of the affected hip as well as obturator and iliac oblique views. The latter arc is especially helpful in assessing the central segment of the acetabulum (“dome fragment”). The documentation of any primarily traumatic sciatic nerve lesion is very important, and the quality of reduction depends greatly on the timing of surgery. The operation should be performed as early as possible after the surgical procedure has been carefully planned. A 3-D CT scan provides good information in choosing the surgical approach for complex fractures. In most cases, adequate reduction cannot be accomplished without appropriate aids. For internal fixation, both curved ASIF plates and straight plates are used. The operation demands a high degree of experience. Postoperative complications include iatrogenic nerve palsy, insufficient reduction, incorrectly placed implants, unstable fixation, redislocation, etc. With scrupulous aseptic conditions, the postoperative wound infection rate is low. Ectopic bone formation can occur after extensive surgical approaches and may, depending on size (Brooker III and IV), impair the range of motion of the hip. Indometacin given perioperatively is always indicated. Postoperative radiation treatment should as a rule be viewed critically.
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  • 75
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    Der Anaesthesist 46 (1997), S. 38-42 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Spinalanästhesie ; Komplikationen ; Spinalkatheter ; Key words Spinal anaesthesia ; Complications ; Spinal catheter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Life-threatening cardiovascular complications are a serious risk even for healthy patients during spinal/epidural anaesthesia. The incidence of fatal cardiovascular complications for epidural anaesthesia is 1:10000, for spinal anaesthesia 1:7000. In contrast, general anaesthesia has an overall mortality of only 1:28000. Administration of IV fluids to minimise the haemodynaemic reactions of beginning sympatholysis is not always sufficient. In this study, we examined whether fractionated application of local anaesthetics via a spinal catheter would provide better haemodynamic stability. Methods: In a prospective study, we examined the haemodynaemic reactions of 300 patients during single-dose (n=150) versus continuous spinal anaesthesia (CSA) (n=150). Isobaric bupivacaine 0.5% was given through a 29 G Quincke needle (3.5 ml) or a 28 G spinal catheter (1.5 ml as a bolus, followed by 1 ml/10 min until an anaesthetic level of T12 was reached). Results: The sensory and motor effects of both methods were comparable. The T12 level of anaesthesia was achieved with the single-dose method after 10.5 min and with the continuous method after 19.1 min. After single-dose anaesthesia, the blood pressure dropped by 16.5% and the heart rate by 12% compared to the control values. During CSA no significant blood pressure changes were recorded; the heart rate decreased by 8%. In 15 cases vasoconstrictors had to be given to stabilise the lowered blood pressure after single-dose anaesthesia. Conclusion: With the use of CSA, the haemodynamic effects of sympatholysis can be minimised. This method thus has advantages, especially for high-risk cardiovascular patients.
    Notes: In dieser Arbeit sollte untersucht werden, ob die fraktionierte Lokalanästhetikaapplikation über einen Spinalkatheter zu einem stabileren Kreislaufverhalten beitragen kann. In einer prospektiv angelegten Studie wurde das Kreislaufverhalten von 300 Patienten unter einer Single-dose-Spinalanästhesie (n=150) und einer kontinuierlichen Spinalanästhesie (n=150) untersucht. Zur Anästhesie wurde isobares Bupivacain 0,5% verwendet, das über eine 29 G Quincke-Nadel (3,5 ml) oder einen 28 G Spinalkatheter (1,5 ml im Bolus, dann fraktioniert 1 ml/10 min bis zu einem Anästhesieniveau Th 12) gegeben wurde. Die sensible und motorische Qualität beider Verfahren war vergleichbar, das angestrebte Analgesieniveau Th 12 wurde unter der Single-dose-Spinalanästhesie nach 10,5 min erreicht, bei der kontinuierlichen Spinalanästhesie nach 19,1 min. Unter der Single-dose-Spinalanästhesie zeigte sich ein Abfall des Blutdrucks um 16,5% zum Ausgangswert und ein Abfall der Herzfrequenz um 12%. In 15 Verläufen mußten Vasokonstriktoren gegeben werden, um den Blutdruckabfall zu stabilisieren. Bei der kontinuierlichen Spinalanästhesie zeigten sich keine signifikanten Änderungen des Blutdrucks, die Herzfrequenz nahm um 8% ab. Mit der kontinuierlichen Spinalanästhesie werden die Auswirkungen der Sympathikolyse auf die Hämodynamik minimiert. Dieses Verfahren bietet daher bei kardiovaskulären Risikopatienten Vorteile gegenüber der einzeitigen Spinalanästhesie.
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    Der Anaesthesist 46 (1997), S. 697-703 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Ecstasy ; MDMA ; Intoxikation ; Komplikationen ; Key words Ecstasy ; MDMA ; Intoxication ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The increased consumption of ”ecstasy” (MDMA, 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine) has also increased the number of life-threatening intoxications. From a Medline search of the years 1992–1996, reports were registered and evaluated. Besides cerebral, cardiorespiratory, renal, and hepatic symptoms, hyperthermia syndromes such as malignant hyperthermia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, or the serotonin syndrome were common. In addition to a discussion of the intoxication symptoms and their acute and intensive-care therapy, the psychological and physiological effects of ”ecstasy” will be described. Some historical considerations of the topic are included in this review.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Zunahme des „Ecstasy”-Konsums (MDMA, 3,4-Methylendioxymethamphetamin) erhöhte ebenfalls die Anzahl lebensbedrohlicher Intoxikationen. Aus einer Medline-Recherche der Jahre 1992–1996 wurden Berichte über Intoxikationen erfaßt und ausgewertet. Intoxikation mit Ecstasy: Im Vordergrund steht neben zerebralen, kardiopulmonalen, renalen und hepatischen Symptomen auch das Hyperthermie-Syndrom im Sinne einer malignen Hyperthermie, eines neuroleptischen malignen Syndroms oder eines Serotonin-Syndroms. Neben der Diskussion der Intoxikationssymptome und deren möglicher Akut- und Intensivtherapie werden psychische und physische Wirkungen von „Ecstasy” beschrieben und zur Vervollständigung des Themas eine kurze historische Betrachtung der Droge gegeben.
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  • 77
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Cardiac output ; Complications ; Cost ; Dopexamine ; High risk patients ; Intensive care ; Morbidity ; Mortality ; Oxygen delivery ; Resource use ; Surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To investigate the cost implications of a treatment policy of a deliberate perioperative increase of oxygen delivery in high risk surgical patients. Design: A cost-effectiveness analysis comparing ‘protocol’ high risk surgical patients in whom oxygen delivery was specifically targeted towards 600 ml/min/m2 with ‘control’ patients. Interventions: In a randomised, controlled clinical trial we previously demonstrated a significant reduction in mortality (5.7% vs 22.2%, p=0.015) and morbidity (0.68±0.16 complications vs 1.35±0.20, p=0.008) in ‘protocol’ high risk surgical patients in whom oxygen delivery was specifically targeted towards 600 ml/min per m2 compared with ‘control’ patients. This current study retrospectively analysed the medical care and National Health Service resource use of each patient in the trial. Departmental purchasing records and business managers were consulted to identify M28.9nthe unit cost of these resources, and thereby the cost of treating each patient was calculated. Results: The median cost of treating a protocol patient was lower than for a control patient (£6,525 vs £7,784) and this reduction was due mainly to a decrease in the cost of treating postoperative complications (median £213 vs £668). The cost of obtaining a survivor was 31% lower in the protocol group. Conclusion: Perioperative increase of oxygen delivery in high risk surgical patients not only improves survival, but also provides an actual and relative cost saving. This may have important implications for the management of these patients and the funding of intensive care.
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  • 78
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Viral pneumonia ; Immunosuppression ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pneumonia caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) is rare and occurs in severely immunosuppressed patients. HSV1 can be detected in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from patients presenting with respiratory failure, but its direct effect on disease is difficult to prove. We demonstrate the causative role of HSV1 in the case of a 44-year-old male with Crohn's disease who presented to the intensive care unit with the acute respiratory distress syndrome after surgery. BAL cells were cultured and immunofluorescence confirmed the presence of HSV1 during the first weeks of illness. Increased IgG titers confirmed the diagnosis of a recurrent HSV1 infection. A lung biposy specimen showed fibroproliferation without pathogens. Immunosuppressive therapy had been stopped and acyclovir was introduced at this time. The diagnostic difficulties in this patient underline the importance of early recognition of viral infection as a potential cause of severe pneumonia in severely ill, immunocompromised patients.
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  • 79
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Bile ducts ; Neoplasms ; Interventional procedure ; Implantation metastasis ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) is the basis for most biliary interventional procedures. We recently observed the occurrence of a subcutaneous implantation metastasis after PTBD in a patient with incurable cholangiocarcinoma. Although tumor cell seeding along the catheter tract is a very rare complication, we think that PTBD should be avoided when curative resection is planned.
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  • 80
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Central venous catheterization ; Venobronchial fistula ; Cardiac surgery ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Venobronchial fistula is a rare complication of long-term central venous catheterization. We present the uncommon occurrence of a venobronchial fistula as an acute complication of central venous catheterization during open heart surgery. The factors responsible for this unusual complication and the methods to prevent it are discussed.
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  • 81
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Anterior cervical surgery ; Complications ; Infection ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a 44-year-old woman who developed an atypical retro-oesophageal abscess 4 years after anterior cervical surgery with fusion (ACSF). She presented with dysphagia but no fever or definite laboratory signs of inflammation. Delayed or chronic dysphagia following Cloward's operation is usually related to graft displacement. Infection may also, more rarely, be encountered in conjunction with dysphagia, but is typically associated with a classical clinical presentation and laboratory results. We recommend that in cases of delayed dysphagia without evidence of graft migration, the possibility of retropharyngeal infection should be considered, even in the absence of clinical signs or supporting laboratory evidence. MRI in this rare delayed complication is nonspecific but suggestive, and hence represents the imaging modality of choice in such situations.
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  • 82
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Angioplasty ; Intracranial artery ; Complications ; Restenosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purposes of this study were to determine the optimal time for initial follow-up angiography, the restenosis rate after successful intracranial percutaneous transluminal cerebral angioplasty (PTCBA), and finally to identify lesion-specific characteristics for predicting successful angioplasty. Thirty-five patients underwent PTCBA with follow-up angiography 3 and 12 months later. Although 27 lesions were adequately dilated, permanent complications occurred in 3 patients. The restenosis rate at 3 months was 29.6 %; patients without restenosis at 3 months remained free from vessel narrowing at 12 months. Restenosis occurred on severe, eccentric lesions, total occlusions or extremely angulated lesions. There was a strong correlation between sufficient dilatation and lower re- stenosis rate, and concentric and short lesions (type A). We conclude that the optimal time for initial angiographic follow-up is 3 months after PTCBA. PTCBA is most suitable for type A lesions with higher success, lower morbidity and lower restenosis rates.
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    Neuroradiology 39 (1997), S. 282-285 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Intervertebral disc ; hernia ; Nucleotomy ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We reviewed the records of 243 patients treated at 271 disc levels to determine the incidence of side effects and complications of percutaneous nucleotomy. In our early experience there were 7 technical failures (2.5 % of all attempts), of which 6 were at the 5th disc level. The success rate dropped from 67 % at 3 months to 60 % 1 year after treatment due to recurrences in 16 patients (6.6 %). Extruded or sequestered fragments were found in 6 patients (2.4 %), and may have been caused by nucleotomy. However, only one was accompanied by aggravation of symptoms. Discitis was seen in 2 patients (0.8 %), both treated at two separate disc levels. About half the patients experienced increased low back pain, mean duration 9 days, after treatment, and 3 (1.2 %), of whom 2 also had nonorganic disorders, needed admission to hospital because of severe pain. Mild spasm and a sensation of instability were noted by 9.6 % and 25 % of the patients respectively. Injury to nerves, bowels, vessels or ureters or a dural leak never occurred. The study confirms earlier reports that the rate of serious complications is low.
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    Pediatric nephrology 11 (1997), S. 153-155 
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words: Acute renal failure ; Complications ; Multivariate analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Various factors were analyzed in 80 consecutive children under 16 years who had acute renal failure (ARF), for various prognostic factors. Overall mortality was 42.5%, with significantly higher levels seen in hemolytic uremic syndrome (68%, P 〈0.05) and associated with cardiac surgery (90.9%, P 〈0.01). Anuria (67.6% vs. 43.5%, P 〈0.05), need for dialysis (85.3% vs. 56.5%, P 〈0.05), neurological complications (50% vs. 6.3%, P 〈0.01), and respiratory complications (35.2% vs. 2.1%, P 〈0.01) were significantly higher in nonsurvivors than survivors. Multiple regression analysis showed the presence of neurological and respiratory complications to be poor prognostic factors.
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  • 85
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words: Bladder augmentation ; Renal failure ; Transplantation ; End-stage renal disease ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Ten consecutive patients with failure of urinary bladder augmentation (UBA) performed either prior to or after reaching end-stage renal disease (ESRD) were studied. Seven patients developed increased hydroureteronephrosis, infectious complications, and advanced to ESRD after UBA. The mean time to development of ESRD in patients who had UBA performed with moderate chronic renal failure (CRF) was 1.8 years. The UBAs in all seven patients were taken down prior to transplantation. Subsequently, five of these UBA-takedown patients have received kidney grafts and all have stable, good renal function. Three patients had their UBA performed after they reached ESRD, in preparation for renal transplantation. All three of these patients experienced recurrent urosepsis following transplantation, resulting in death in one patient and loss of graft in another. The third patient will undergo takedown of the UBA. This study suggests that UBA may possibly not be the best option for patients with moderate CRF and those awaiting transplantation.
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    Pediatric nephrology 11 (1997), S. 87-95 
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words: Angioaccess ; Arteriovenous fistula ; Graft ; Long-dwell catheters ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. In the light of many years’ experience in hemodialysis access surgery, the different methods of creating vascular access for dialysis treatment in the pediatric population are described. After presenting the various access types using autologous blood vessels and also heterologous grafts, their specific spectrum of complications is discussed in detail. Summarizing our experience it has to be emphasized that there is no specific angioaccess for children and adolescents, and that most vascular access procedures used in adults are also suitable for use in the young.
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  • 87
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    Der Radiologe 37 (1997), S. 197-204 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Lebertransplantation ; Komplikation ; Radiologische Diagnostik ; Key words Liver transplantation ; Complications ; Radiological diagnosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Introduction: Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) has become an accepted treatment for end-stage liver disease. However, postoperative complications result in significant patient morbidity and mortality. Early detection and treatment of these complications is therefore of utmost importance. Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed the postoperative complications of the patients who underwent OLT at our institution. Duplex Doppler sonography and cholangiography were the primary imaging modalities in postoperative evaluation of the transplanted liver. Other important techniques were CT, MRI, and angiography, which may contribute to a reliable diagnosis of vascular or biliary complications. Results: Second to primary organ dysfunction, vascular complications are the most frequent cause of graft loss. Thrombosis of the hepatic artery is the most common and most serious vascular complication, with a reported incidence from 4 to 42 %. Bile duct sludge, leaks and strictures are frequent complications after liver transplantation, which can contribute to graft dysfunction. Biliary tract complications usually occur within the first 3 months and require interventional radiological or surgical therapy. Since liver transplant recipients undergo immunosuppressive therapy, they are at increased risk of developing late post-transplant malignancies, which are best depicted by US, CT or MRI. However, radiological diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disorder has to be confirmed by liver biopsy. Conclusion: Cholangiography and Duplex sonography are routinely used in the postoperative evaluation of patients with OLT. CT, MRI, and angiography are problem-solving tools in equivocal cases.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Einleitung: Die orthotope Lebertransplantation hat sich zu einer etablierten Therapie bei Lebererkrankungen im Endstadium entwickelt. Der frühe Nachweis und die prompte Therapie eventueller Komplikationen sind für das Überleben des Patienten und des Organs entscheidend. Material und Methode: Es wurden im eigenen Krankengut die postoperativen Komplikationen nach OLT retrospektiv ausgewertet. Die Duplexsonographie und die Cholangiographie erwiesen sich als die primären Untersuchungsmethoden der Wahl zum Nachweis vaskulärer oder biliärer Komplikationen. CT, MRI und die Angiographie waren in Problemfällen wertvolle additive bildgebende Verfahren zur Diagnosesicherung. Ergebnisse: Nach der primären Organdysfunktion sind die vaskulären Komplikationen als häufigste Ursache für den Verlust des Spendeorgans anzuführen. Die Thrombose der A. hepatica ist die häufigste vaskuläre Komplikationen mit einer Inzidenz von 4–42 %. Galleleaks, -sludge und -strikturen sind häufige Komplikationen, die letztlich zu einer Dysfunktion des transplantierten Organs führen können. Biliäre Komplikationen treten gehäuft in den ersten 3 Monaten auf und erfordern eine interventionelle oder chirurgische Therapie. Da Patienten nach OLT einer immunsuppressiven Therapie unterliegen, sind sie einem erhöhten Risiko einen lymphoproliferativen Tumor zu entwickeln ausgesetzt. Diese Posttransplant-Tumore können mit US, CT und MRI ausgezeichnet abgegrenzt werden, erfordern jedoch eine Sicherung der Diagnose durch eine Feinnadelpunktion. Schlußfolgerung: Die postoperative Verlaufskontrolle und der Nachweis von Komplikationen nach OLT ist eine Domäne von Cholangiographie und Duplexsonographie. In Problemfällen kommen CT, MRI und Angiographie zum Einsatz.
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  • 88
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    Der Schmerz 11 (1997), S. 241-246 
    ISSN: 1432-2129
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Narkosekomplikationen ; Übelkeit ; Erbrechen ; Key words Anaesthesia ; Audit ; Complications ; Nausea ; Vomiting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Problem: Postoperative nausea and vomiting remains an important problem. Many risk factors have been identified; however, the importance of postoperative analgesic technique and patient expectation remain poorly defined. Methods:We prospectively collected data on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in four groups of randomly selected patients (n=50 per group) who received either simple analgesics, nurse-administered intravenous morphine (NAA), patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with morphine or epidural analgesia with bupivacaine and fentanyl. Patients were questioned regarding any past history of PONV or motion sickness, their preoperative expectation of suffering PONV and satisfaction with their antiemetic therapy. Results: The incidence of nausea was higher in both morphine groups P〈0.05), women (P〈0.05), those less than the median age of their group (P〈0.05) and those with a past history of PONV (P〈0.05) or motion sickness (P〈0.05). Most patients did not expect to experience PONV (19.3%). The incidence of nausea was higher in those expecting to experience PONV than in those not expecting to suffer PONV (P〈0.01). Of those who received postoperative antiemetic treatment, 23.6% were dissatisfied or very dissatisfied with their therapy. Few patients received a prophylactic antiemetic drug (15%). Conclusions: Study results show that patient expectation is a potent predictor of postoperative nausea, a risk factor hitherto ignored in the anaesthetic literature, and that, in the provision of analgesia following major surgery, epidural analgesia is associated with less PONV than intravenous morphine.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Übelkeit und Erbrechen (PONV) sind nach wie vor ein Problem der postoperativen Phase. Viele Risikofaktoren sind bekannt, jedoch sind die Bedeutung der unterschiedlichen postoperativen analgetischen Regimes und die Erwartungshaltung der Patienten wenig untermauert. Patienten: Prospektiv wurden 4 randomisierte Patientengruppen untersucht (n=50/Gruppe), die postoperativ einfache Analgetika (Gruppe 1), durch eine Krankenschwester verabreichte i.v. Morphingaben (NAA; Gruppe 2), eine patientenkontrollierte Analgesie (PCA; Gruppe 3) und eine Epiduralanalgesie mit Bupivacain und Fentanyl (Gruppe 4) erhielten. Bei den Patienten wurde ermittelt, ob sie bei Voroperationen an Übelkeit und Erbrechen litten. Zusätzlich wurde die Erwartungshaltung der Patienten gegenüber PONV und deren Zufriedenheit mit der antiemetischen Therapie untersucht. Ergebnisse: Die Inzidenz von PONV war bei beiden Morphingruppen, bei Frauen, bei Patienten, die älter waren als der Median der Gruppe, und bei solchen Patienten, die in ihrer Vorgeschichte an PONV und Seekrankheit litten, höher. Die meisten Patienten hatten nicht erwartet, postoperativ Übelkeit und Erbrechen zu erleiden (19,3%). Bei Patienten, die präoperativ PONV erwarteten, war die Inzidenz höher als bei Patienten, die über diese Erwartungshaltung nicht berichteten (p〈0,01). Ein Viertel der Patienten (23,6%) war mit der postoperativen antiemetischen Behandlung unzufrieden oder sogar sehr unzufrieden. Eine präoperative Prophylaxe erhielten 15% der Patienten. Schlußfolgerung: Die Studie zeigt, daß die Erwartungshaltung der Patienten, an postoperativer Übelkeit und postoperativem Erbrechen zu leiden, ein in der Literatur unterschätzer Vorhersagefaktor ist. Bei der postoperativen Schmerztherapie bietet die Epiduralanalgesie im Vergleich zur i.v. Morphingabe deutliche Vorteile.
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  • 89
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Bone cysts ; Fractures ; Complications ; Cortical defect ; MRI greenstick fractures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Posttraumatic bone-cyst formation is a known but rare process. Typical location is the distal radius, usually as a result of a greenstick fracture. The pathogenesis is unknown; however, subperiosteal migration of fat or hemorrhage with later absorption may cause cyst formation. We present the first reported case of MR imaging of this lesion. At MRI subperiosteal hemorrhage was found to be the cause of cyst formation.
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  • 90
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Pedicle fixation ; Posterior spine surgery ; Lumbar spine ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Medial or lateral pedicle screw penetration with the potential to affect neural structures in a well-known and frequent problem associated with posterior spinal fusion. We evaluated the placement of pedicle screws (n = 141) in 36 patients following posterior lumbar spinal fusion with Socon or Kluger instrumentation via a lateral transpedicular approach. The examination was based on CT and MR images performed after removal of the instrumentation, on average 1 year after implantation. We found seven pedicle screws with lateral cortical penetration of the pedicle and five screws with medial cortical penetration of the pedicle (8.5% pedicle penetration overall). No severe radicular complications accompanied these pedicle penetrations. The mean insertion angles of the pedicle screws at the L4 level were 22.6° and 23.1° for the left and the right side, respectively. At the L5 level the mean insertion angle was 20.5° on the left side and 21.5° on the right, and at the S1 level the mean angle was 16.2° on the left and 15.2° on the right. The results of this study indicate that the lateral transpedicular approach is a safe procedure for pedicle screw insertion.
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  • 91
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Spinal surgery ; Pedicle screws ; Complications ; CT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A prospective study of the accuracy of titanium pedicle screw placement in 30 low back operations was performed. The postoperative plain radiographs and CT reformation images were evaluated by two independent radiologists. Thirty-two out of 152 screws (21%) perforated the pedicle cortex. One-tenth of the perforations was detected with conventional radiography. In ten patients (33%) all the screws were located within the pedicle. The clinical significance of this study lies in the finding that pedicle perforations are more frequent than is generally believed and that, in spite of the many malplacements, no screw that perforated by less than 4.0 mm caused neurological problems. Only one nerve root lesion was detected.
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  • 92
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    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 261 (1997), S. 9-13 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Key words: Misoprostol ; Dinoprostone ; Labor induction ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Sixty five pregnant women who had the indication for labor induction were randomized in a clinical trial to receive 100 µg. intravaginal misoprostol or intracervical gel of 0.5 mg dinoprostone. The mean time from induction to delivery for the misoprostol group was 7.6±1.9 versus 8.2±5.9 (hours±SD) for the dinoprostone group. There were no significant differences between groups in gestational age, induced labor rates, type of delivery, fetal outcome and maternal complications. We found that intravaginal misoprostol tablet is as effective as intracervical dinoprostone for inducing second and third trimester labor.
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  • 93
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Inguinal hernia ; Drainage ; Complications ; Ultrasound. ; Schlüsselwörter: Leistenhernie ; Drainage ; Komplikationen ; Sonographie.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. In einer prospektiven randomisierten Studie wurden im Rahmen der Shouldice-Reparation primärer Hernien 50 Patienten mit subcutaner Redon-Drainage und 50 Patienten ohne Drainage versorgt. Postoperativ erfaßten wir die Menge des produzierten Wundsekrets in der Drainageflasche sowie durch sonographische Volumetrie, das Maß der subjektiven Beeinträchtigung mittels visueller Analogskala, die Höhe der Entzündungsparameter sowie die Komplikationsrate. Am ersten postoperativen Tag fand sich im drainierten Kollektiv mit 36,0 ml eine signifikant erhöhte Flüssigkeitsproduktion im Vergleich zu 2,5 ml in der Gruppe ohne Drainage. Zwei Wundinfekte wurden ebenfalls im drainierten Kollektiv beobachtet. Percutane Serompunktionen waren bei 8 Patienten, die ohne Drainage operiert wurden, und bei 7 drainierten Patienten notwendig. Das subjektive Empfinden war durch die Drainage nur geringfügig (25,6 vs. 21,4 %, visuelle Analogskala) beeinträchtigt. Die Körpertemperatur war im Drainagekollektiv am 3. postoperativen Tag im Vergleich zur nicht drainierten Gruppe erhöht (37,2 vs. 36,7 °C). Das routinemäßige Einlegen einer Redon-Drainage bei der Reparation primärer Leistenhernien ist aus unserer Sicht nicht indiziert. Vielmehr sollte bei Auftreten einer subcutanen Flüssigkeitsansammlung großzügig die Indikation zur percutanen Punktion gestellt werden.
    Notes: Summary. Following Shouldice repair of a primary inguinal hernia 50 patients were given subcutaneous Redon drains, while another 50 patients underwent operations without drains in a prospective randomized trial. The amount of postoperative wound secretion in the drainage bottle was added to fluid retention established by sonographic volumetric analysis. The degree of personal impairment was estimated by a visual analogue score. Inflammation parameters were recorded as well as the rate of complications. The drain group showed significantly increased fluid production in comparison to the group without drains on the 1st postoperative day (36.0 vs. 2.5 ml). Wound sepsis was found in two patients in the drain group. Seven patients with drains and eight patients without underwent percutaneous seroma puncture. The drain only slightly affected personal impairment (25.6 % vs 21.4 %, visual analogue score). Body temperature was elevated in the drain group on the 3rd day after operation (37.2 vs 36.7 °C). We believe there is no indication for the routine use of a Redon drain in the repair of a primary inguinal hernia. Instead, percutaneous puncture of subcutaneous fluid retentions should be performed.
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  • 94
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    European journal of plastic surgery 20 (1997), S. 202-204 
    ISSN: 1435-0130
    Keywords: Plastic day surgery ; Organization ; Complications ; Patient's opinion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Day surgery is increasing. This article reviews the experiences of day plastic surgery during a period of five years. The evaluation shows a low rate of postoperative complications and a high degree of patient satisfaction. According to the author's opinion a considerable part of elective plastic surgery is suitable for day surgery.
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  • 95
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Hernia repair ; Mesh ; Complications ; Biocompatibility ; Rat model ; Hernienchirurgie ; Netz ; Komplikationen ; Biokompatibilität ; Ratte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die moderne Hernienchirurgie bedient sich zunehmend Kunstnetzkonstruktionen zur Bauchwandrekonstruktion. Trotz der unbestrittenen Vorteile der z.Z. verfügbaren Kunstnetze mehren sich Berichte über Spätkomplikationen nach der Implantation. Eine Optimierung der Kunstnetze ist notwendig, bedingt aber ein standardisiertes Tiermodell zur Evaluierung der Biokompatibilität auf funktioneller und morphologischer Ebene. In der vorliegenden Studie werden z.T. handelübliche Polypropylen-und Polyesternetze in einem standardisierten Rattenmodell implantiert und detailliert morphologisch und morphometrisch analysiert. Die morphologisch-morphometrischen Daten werden in Anschluß mit der Funktion der künstlichen Bauchwand korreliert. Zusammenfassend zeigen die Daten, daß die z.Z. gebräuchlichen Netzkonstruktionen überdimensioniert sind und zu einer deutlichen Funktionseinschränkung der künstlichen Bauchwand führen. Die Funktion wird dabei entscheidend durch den Entzündungs- und Fibrosegrad, durch das Fibrosemuster und durch die Zusammensetzung der Extrazellularmatrix beeinflußt. Fibrose und Entzündung werden jedoch weniger durch das Material an sich bestimmt, sondern durch die Materialdichte,-verarbeitung und-ober-fläche. Zukünftige Netzkonstruktionen der 2. Generation sollten zur Verbesserung der funktionell-morphologisch definierten Biokompatibilität eine Reduzierung der Materialmenge und eine materialspezifische Verarbeitung anstreben.
    Notes: Abstract Modern surgical hernia repair depends increasingly on synthetic meshes for reconstruction of the abdominal wall. Despite the undisputed advantages of the synthetic meshes currently available, reports of late complications after implantation are accumulating. It is essential that the synthetic meshes be improved, but this makes a standardized animal model necessary for evaluation of their biocompatibility on both functional and morphological levels. In the present study, commercially available polypropylene and polyester meshes were implanted in a rat model, and detailed morphological and morphometric analysis were carried out. Correlations between the morphological and morphometric data and the function of the artificial abdominal wall were then sought. In summary, the data show that the mesh constructions currently available are oversized and definitely restrict the function of the artificial abdominal wall. The degree of inflammation and fibrosis, the pattern of fibrosis, and the composition of the extracellular matrix exert decisive influences on the function. Fibrosis and inflammation are caused less by the material itself, however, than by its density, the way it is processed, and its surface. Future, that is to say second-generated, mesh constructions should be designed with the aims of reducing the amount of material used and finding material-specific processing methods in mind, to improve the functionally and morphologically defined biocompatibility.
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  • 96
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    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 382 (1997), S. 192-196 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Liver resection ; Infection ; Complications ; Multiple organ system failure ; Mortality ; Leberresektion ; Infektion ; Komplikationen ; Multiples Organversagen ; Mortalität
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Von 1986–1995 wurden 97 Patienten mit einem Alter 〉65 Jahre einer Leberresektion an der Abteilung für Allgemeinchirurgie des Krankenhauses Lainz, Wien, unterzogen. Das Durchschnittsalter der 39 Männer und 58 Frauen betrug 74±5,5 Jahre. Eine primäre Neoplasie der Leber war der Grund für die Leberresektion bei 35 Patienten, während 16 Patienten wegen eines Gallenblasenkarzinoms und 40 Patienten wegen Lebermetastasen reseziert wurden. In 73% der Patienten wurde eine größere Leberresektion (≥3 Segmente) bei einer gesamten Klinikmortalität von 13,5% durchgeführt. Bei 42 Patienten wurden 65 postoperative Komplikationen registriert, wobei Infektionen bei fast allen Patienten als Hauptproblem darstellten (95%). Die Histologie des Tumors hatte mehr Einfluß auf Klinikmortalität und Morbidität als die Größe der Leberresektion. Alle Komplikationen wurden bei Patienten mit maligner Grunderkrankung beobachtet (p=0,03). Eine ungünstige Auswirkung auf die postoperative Morbidität wurde bei Hepatikus- Gallenblasen-und cholangiozellularen Karzinomen beobachtet (p=0,003). Intraabdominale Infektionen wurden bei 25% unserer Patienten gefunden und waren in 58% auf Gallenleaks zurückzuführen, sie hatten aber keinen signifikanten Einfluß auf das Patientenüberleben. Pneumonie war die Komplikation, die sich besonders auf das Patientenüberleben auswirkte. Wenn eine Pneumonie als spätere Komplikation während eines komplizierten postoperativen Verlaufs auftrat, führte diese Konstellation bei allen betroffenen Patienten zum Tod (p=0,0001). Alle Patienten dieser Gruppe wiesen einen reduzierten Mobilisierungsgrad auf. Eine schwere präoperative Einschränkung der Leberfunktion hatte einen signifikanten Einfluß auf die postoperative Morbidität und Mortalität (p=0,003 und 0,01), ein Zusammenhang der sich bei einem Alter 〉80 Jahre noch verstärkte (p=0,002 und 0,004). Ein signifikantes Risiko für eine höhere postoperative Morbidität bestand nach rechten Lobektomien und erweiterten rechten Lobektomien (p=0,004). Zusammenfassend sind Infektionen mit nahezu jeder postoperativen Komplikation nach Leberresektionen im Alter assoziiert. Pneumonie stellt als Folgekomplikation ein prognostisch ungünstiges Zeichen bei älteren Patienten nach Leberresektionen dar. Patienten 〉65 Jahre und besonders jene 〉80 Jahre sterben eher an den vorwiegend infektiösen postoperativen Komplikationen. Bessere lokale Drainagen können möglicherweise die intraabdominalen Komplikationen reduzieren, und eine frühe Mobilisierung der Patienten ist möglicherweise in der Lage, die Rate systemischer, infektiöser Komplikationen und letztendlich die Klinikmortalität zu verbessern.
    Notes: Abstract From 1986 to 1995, 97 patients older than 65 years of age underwent hepatic resection at the Department of General Surgery, Hospital Lainz, Vienna. The population consisted of 39 men and 58 women with a mean age of 74±5.5 years. Primary neoplasia was the cause of resection in 35 patients, gallbladder cancer in 16 patients, and metastatic disease to the liver in 40 patients. Six patients underwent hepatic resection because of benign disease. The overall rate of major resections (≥3 liver segments) was 73% and the overall mortality was 13.5%. Sixty-five postoperative complications were recorded in 42 patients, and infection was the leading problem in nearly all of these patients (95%). The histologic type of tumor rather than the magnitude of resection had an influence on clinical mortality and morbidity. All complications occurred in patients with malignant disease (P=0.03). Adverse effects on postoperative morbidity were observed in adenocarcinoma of the hepatic ducts, gallbladder carcinoma, and cholangiocellular carcinoma (P=0.003). Intra-abdominal infections were found in 25% of our patients and were due to biliary leakage in 58%, but had no significant impact on survival. Pneumonia was the leading complication in association with patient survival. All patients who developed pneumonia as a late complication during a complicated course died postoperatively (P=0.0001). All of these patients had a reduced grade of mobilization. Severe preoperative liver dysfunction carried a significantly higher risk for postoperative morbidity and mortality (P=0.003 and 0.01), which showed an incremental risk with age 〉80 (P=0.002 and 0.0004). Right lobectomies and extended right lobectomies carried a significantly increased risk for postoperative morbidity (P=0.004). Infection is associated with nearly every complication recorded after hepatic resection in the elderly. Pneumonia as a late complication poses a worse prognosis in elderly patients who underwent hepatic resection. Patients older than 65 years of age and especially those older than 80 years of age are more liable to succumb to complications that are predominantly infectious. Better local drainage procedures may reduce intra-abdominal infectious complications and early mobilization of the patients may improve the rate of systemic infectious complications and final outcome.
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 382 (1997), S. 192-196 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Key words Liver resection ; Infection ; Complications ; Multiple organ system failure ; Mortality ; Schlüsselwörter Leberresektion ; Infektion ; Komplikationen ; Multiples Organversagen ; Mortalität
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Von 1986 – 1995 wurden 97 Patienten mit einem Alter 〉65 Jahre einer Leberresektion an der Abteilung für Allgemeinchirurgie des Krankenhauses Lainz, Wien, unterzogen. Das Durchschnittsalter der 39 Männer und 58 Frauen betrug 74±5,5 Jahre. Eine primäre Neoplasie der Leber war der Grund für die Leberresektion bei 35 Patienten, während 16 Patienten wegen eines Gallenblasenkarzinoms und 40 Patienten wegen Lebermetastasen reseziert wurden. In 73% der Patienten wurde eine größere Leberresektion (≥3 Segmente) bei einer gesamten Klinikmortalität von 13,5% durchgeführt. Bei 42 Patienten wurden 65 postoperative Komplikationen registriert, wobei Infektionen bei fast allen Patienten als Hauptproblem darstellten (95%). Die Histologie des Tumors hatte mehr Einfluß auf Klinikmortalität und Morbidität als die Größe der Leberresektion. Alle Komplikationen wurden bei Patienten mit maligner Grunderkrankung beobachtet (p = 0,03). Eine ungünstige Auswirkung auf die postoperative Morbidität wurde bei Hepatikus- Gallenblasen- und cholangiozellularen Karzinomen beobachtet (p = 0,003). Intraabdominale Infektionen wurden bei 25% unserer Patienten gefunden und waren in 58% auf Gallen-leaks zurückzuführen, sie hatten aber keinen signifikanten Einfluß auf das Patientenüberleben. Pneumonie war die Komplikation, die sich besonders auf das Patientenüberleben auswirkte. Wenn eine Pneumonie als spätere Komplikation während eines komplizierten postoperativen Verlaufs auftrat, führte diese Konstellation bei allen betroffenen Patienten zum Tod (p = 0,0001). Alle Patienten dieser Gruppe wiesen einen reduzierten Mobilisierungsgrad auf. Eine schwere präoperative Einschränkung der Leberfunktion hatte einen signifikanten Einfluß auf die postoperative Morbidität und Mortalität (p = 0,003 und 0,01), ein Zusammenhang der sich bei einem Alter 〉80 Jahre noch verstärkte (p = 0,002 und 0,004). Ein signifikantes Risiko für eine höhere postoperative Morbidität bestand nach rechten Lobektomien und erweiterten rechten Lobektomien (p = 0,004). Zusammenfassend sind Infektionen mit nahezu jeder postoperativen Komplikation nach Leberresektionen im Alter assoziiert. Pneumonie stellt als Folgekomplikation ein prognostisch ungünstiges Zeichen bei älteren Patienten nach Leberresektionen dar. Patienten 〉65 Jahre und besonders jene 〉80 Jahre sterben eher an den vorwiegend infektiösen postoperativen Komplikationen. Bessere lokale Drainagen können möglicherweise die intraabdominalen Komplikationen reduzieren, und eine frühe Mobilisierung der Patienten ist möglicherweise in der Lage, die Rate systemischer, infektiöser Komplikationen und letztendlich die Klinikmortalität zu verbessern.
    Notes: Abstract From 1986 to 1995, 97 patients older than 65 years of age underwent hepatic resection at the Department of General Surgery, Hospital Lainz, Vienna. The population consisted of 39 men and 58 women with a mean age of 74±5.5 years. Primary neoplasia was the cause of resection in 35 patients, gallbladder cancer in 16 patients, and metastatic disease to the liver in 40 patients. Six patients underwent hepatic resection because of benign disease. The overall rate of major resections (≥3 liver segments) was 73% and the overall mortality was 13.5%. Sixty-five postoperative complications were recorded in 42 patients, and infection was the leading problem in nearly all of these patients (95%). The histologic type of tumor rather than the magnitude of resection had an influence on clinical mortality and morbidity. All complications occurred in patients with malignant disease (P = 0.03). Adverse effects on postoperative morbidity were observed in adenocarcinoma of the hepatic ducts, gallbladder carcinoma, and cholangiocellular carcinoma (P = 0.003). Intra-abdominal infections were found in 25% of our patients and were due to biliary leakage in 58%, but had no significant impact on survival. Pneumonia was the leading complication in association with patient survival. All patients who developed pneumonia as a late complication during a complicated course died postoperatively (P = 0.0001). All of these patients had a reduced grade of mobilization. Severe preoperative liver dysfunction carried a significantly higher risk for postoperative morbidity and mortality (P = 0.003 and 0.01), which showed an incremental risk with age 〉80 (P = 0.002 and 0.0004). Right lobectomies and extended right lobectomies carried a significantly increased risk for postoperative morbidity (P = 0.004). Infection is associated with nearly every complication recorded after hepatic resection in the elderly. Pneumonia as a late complication poses a worse prognosis in elderly patients who underwent hepatic resection. Patients older than 65 years of age and especially those older than 80 years of age are more liable to succumb to complications that are predominantly infectious. Better local drainage procedures may reduce intra-abdominal infectious complications and early mobilization of the patients may improve the rate of systemic infectious complications and final outcome.
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  • 98
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    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 382 (1997), S. 49-54 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Key words Conventional reconstruction ; Abdominal aorta ; Complications ; Endovascular reconstructive surgery ; Schlüsselwörter Rekonstruktive Gefäßchirurgie der Beckenetage ; Komplikationen ; endovaskuläre Rekonstruktion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Zeitraum von September 1985 bis Februar 1994 wurde bei 183 Patienten ein rekonstruktiver Eingriff im aortoiliakalen Bereich durchgeführt. Die Grunderkrankung war in 108 Fällen eine arterielle Verschlußkrankheit, in 75 Fällen ein abdominales Aortenaneurysma. Bei 120 Patienten wurde eine Bifurkationsprothese, bei 63 Patienten eine Rohrprothese implantiert. Die Früh- und Spätkomplikationen werden beschrieben, differenziert nach chirurgisch und nichtchirurgisch, wobei die chirurgischen Komplikationen im wesentlichen durch die Prothesenart und durch den Leistenanschluß bedingt waren, während die nichtchirurgischen Komplikationen vom Risikoprofil des Krankenguts abhängig waren. Die Unterschiede in der postoperativen Letalität ergaben sich durch die Dringlichkeit des Eingriffs. Der Stellenwert der endovaskulären Rekonstruktion im Vergleich zur rekonstruktiven Gefäßchirurgie wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract From September 1985 to February 1994, 183 pa- tients (arterial occlusive disease n = 108, abdominal aneurysm n = 75) underwent reconstruction of the abdominal aorta. In 120 patients an aorto-bi-iliac or aorto-bi-femoral reconstruction was performed and in 63 patients a tube-type reconstruction. The early and late postoperative complications are described. The complications were dependent on the choice of graft, the distal anastomosis and the preoperative risk factors. The mortality from elective repairs was compared with the mortality in emergency repairs. The role of endovascular reconstructive surgery in comparison to conventional reconstructive procedures is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 99
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Key words Hernia repair ; Mesh ; Complications ; Biocompatibility ; Rat model ; Schlüsselwörter Hernienchirurgie ; Netz ; Komplikationen ; Biokompatibilität ; Ratte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die moderne Hernienchirurgie bedient sich zunehmend Kunstnetzkonstruktionen zur Bauchwandrekonstruktion. Trotz der unbestrittenen Vorteile der z.Z. verfügbaren Kunstnetze mehren sich Berichte über Spätkomplikationen nach der Implantation. Eine Optimierung der Kunstnetze ist notwendig, bedingt aber ein standardisiertes Tiermodell zur Evaluierung der Biokompatibilität auf funktioneller und morphologischer Ebene. In der vorliegenden Studie werden z.T. handelübliche Polypropylen- und Polyesternetze in einem standardisierten Rattenmodell implantiert und detailliert morphologisch und morphometrisch analysiert. Die morphologisch-morphometrischen Daten werden in Anschluß mit der Funktion der künstlichen Bauchwand korreliert. Zusammenfassend zeigen die Daten, daß die z.Z. gebräuchlichen Netzkonstruktionen überdimensioniert sind und zu einer deutlichen Funktionseinschränkung der künstlichen Bauchwand führen. Die Funktion wird dabei entscheidend durch den Entzündungs- und Fibrosegrad, durch das Fibrosemuster und durch die Zusammensetzung der Extrazellularmatrix beeinflußt. Fibrose und Entzündung werden jedoch weniger durch das Material an sich bestimmt, sondern durch die Materialdichte, -verarbeitung und -oberfläche. Zukünftige Netzkonstruktionen der 2. Generation sollten zur Verbesserung der funktionell-morphologisch definierten Biokompatibilität eine Reduzierung der Materialmenge und eine materialspezifische Verarbeitung anstreben.
    Notes: Abstract Modern surgical hernia repair depends increasingly on synthetic meshes for reconstruction of the abdominal wall. Despite the undisputed advantages of the synthetic meshes currently available, reports of late complications after implantation are accumulating. It is essential that the synthetic meshes be improved, but this makes a standardized animal model necessary for evaluation of their biocompatibility on both functional and morphological levels. In the present study, commercially available polypropylene and polyester meshes were implanted in a rat model, and detailed morphological and morphometric analysis were carried out. Correlations between the morphological and morphometric data and the function of the artificial abdominal wall were then sought. In summary, the data show that the mesh constructions currently available are oversized and definitely restrict the function of the artificial abdominal wall. The degree of inflammation and fibrosis, the pattern of fibrosis, and the composition of the extracellular matrix exert decisive influences on the function. Fibrosis and inflammation are caused less by the material itself, however, than by its density, the way it is processed, and its surface. Future, that is to say second-generated, mesh constructions should be designed with the aims of reducing the amount of material used and finding material-specific processing methods in mind, to improve the functionally and morphologically defined biocompatibility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 254 (1997), S. 384-386 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Chronic otitis media ; Cholesteatoma ; Tympanomastoid surgery ; Complications ; Deafness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Preoperative and postoperative bone conduction thresholds were compared in 181 chronic ears operated on over a 5-year period between 1990 to 1994. In the majority (92%) of cases the bone conduction thresholds remained unchanged (± 10 dB). Nine ears (5%) showed better thresholds after surgery, with improvements ranging from 11 dB to 25 dB. This improvement was especially noted in ears with severe tympanic pathology. One ear with a large labyrinthine fistula became totally deaf after surgery. In 5 ears (3%) bone-conduction thresholds deteriorated, but remained measurable at all frequencies tested. In these latter cases this impairment ranged from 11 dB to 27 dB. Cholesteatomatous ears having intact ossicular chains were found to be at the highest risk of inner ear damage when “canal wall-down” mastoidectomies were performed. Methods for prevention of sensorineural hearing loss following chronic ear surgery are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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