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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 261 (1983), S. 373-374 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; short-time staining ; nodular structure ; crystallization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Mycosis fungoides ; Premycotic lesions ; Parapsoriasis en Plaques ; Langerhans cells ; Virus-like particles ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Skin biopsies of patients with small and large plaque parapsoriasis, premycotic lesions and mycosis fungoides in different stages were examined. Special attention was paid to the relationships between Langerhans cells (LC) and the neighbouring keratinocytes and lymphocytes. At the contact areas of LC and keratinocytes as well as LC and lymphocytes, particular cell membrane phenomena were observed. Aggregations of Langerhans granules and fusions of granules with LC plasma membranes were found exclusively at LC-keratinocyte interfaces. At LC-lymphocyte contact zones cell membrane appositions were seen. In all cases investigated, virus-like particles were mainly ound in LC and indeterminate cells (IDC). In 3 cases lymphocytes also contained these particles. It was of particular interest that virus-like particles were observed in skin specimens of all diseases investigated. Discrimination of these particles from other cellular organelles - especially lysosomes- was difficult, however. The significance of our findings, particularly regarding to the supposed virus aetiology of cutaneous T cell lymphomas, is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Multiple myeloma-Plasma cell ; Electron microscopy ; Fluorescent antibody technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of “nonsecretory” myeloma is described. The patient had typical osteolytic lesions and marked infiltration of myeloma cells in the bone marrow, and plasma cell leukemia. A good partial remission was obtained with Melphalan, but the patient relapsed and died one year later. Immunofluorescent and immunoelectroscopic studies on the myeloma cells demonstrated the presence of cytoplasmic γ-and κ-chains at the initial stage and of only κ-chains at a relapse. The electron microscopic method for polysome analysis indicated that both L-and H-chains were synthesized on membrane-bound polysomes initially, but the ability to produce H-chain was missing at the relapse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Murine lymphoma development ; Virus infection ; Thymus ; Reticular epithelial cells ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This report describes two types of reticular epithelial cell in the thymic cortex of the BALB/c mouse, an immature and a mature form. During early stages of lymphoma development, i.e., 2–6 weeks postinfection (p.i.) with Moloney leukemia virus (M-MuLV), activation of the epithelial cells is observed. Although the percentage of these cells in the total cell population of the thymic cortex remains constant during that time, the number of mature epithelial cells is significantly increased in infected animals. Subsequently, about 6 weeks p.i., the number of immature epithelial cells starts to increase, whereas the number of mature reticular epithelial cells declines and the appearance of the mature epithelial cells changes drastically. The results of light and electron microscopic studies indicate degeneration of the mature reticular epithelial cells at the onset of lymphoma development at a time when the first deficiencies in the immunologic competence of the reticular epithelial cells are apparent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 106 (1983), S. 234-239 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Osteosarcoma ; Collagen types ; Immunofluorescence microscopy ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sixteen cases of typical highly malignant osteosarcoma were investigated by light, electron, and immunofluorescence microscopy to demonstrate the presence of collagen types I–III. It was shown that, in light-microscopically anaplastic areas of the tumor, collagen type III predominates, while only very few membranes of collagen type I are observed. Ultrastructurally, the cells are characterized by numerous free ribosomes in their cytoplasm and only a few membranes of granular endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In osteoblastic areas, collagen type I is increased, while type-III collagen is decreased. The cytoplasm of cells contains markedly more granular ER. An increasing mineralization of matrix is observed. In fibroblastic areas of the tumors, collagen types I and III are codistributed. Tumor cells have a fibroblast appearance with elongated nuclei and well developed granular ER. The chondroblastic areas, characterized by immature neoplastic cartilage, contain varying amounts of collagen type II. Chondroblast-like tumor cells have typical ring-shaped membranes of granular ER in their cytoplasm. The evidence of different collagen types in osteosarcomas lends additional support to the concept that a pluripotent mesenchymal cell is the stem cell of osteosarcomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 400 (1983), S. 119-142 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Thyroid neoplasms ; Hemangioendothelioma ; Electron microscopy ; Factor VIII-related antigen (FVIIIRAG) ; Tumour classification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 65 cases of hemangioendothelioma (HE) of the thyroid were accepted as such after control of slides of surgical or autopsy specimen or both. In a few of the more recent cases material could be examined by electron microscope and in some the search for factor VIII-related antigen (FVIIIRAG) was carried out. The demonstration of Weibel-Palade bodies in tumour cells in two cases and the evidence of FVIIIRAG in tumour cells of at least two cases, including primary tumour and distant metastasis, finally show, that the hemangioendothelioma of the thyroid is not simply an anaplastic carcinoma with some peculiar features; at least some of these tumours are true endotheliomas. The proposal that the term hemangioendothelioma be eliminated from the classification of thyroid tumours is therefore unfounded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 400 (1983), S. 187-199 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Malignant fibrous histiocytoma ; Liposarcoma ; Sarcoma ; Soft tissue neoplasms ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An ultrastructural comparison of 7 examples of myxoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma (myxoid MFH) with 6 of myxoid liposarcoma is described. Despite certain histological differences between the two, electron microscopy was more valuable in differentiating MFH from liposarcoma. Electron microscopically, MFH contained a variety of cell types including histiocyte-like, fibroblast-like, intermediate-type, xanthomatous, multinucleated tumor giant cells and undifferentiated cells. Liposarcoma was composed mainly of lipoblasts at various stages of differentiation with a minority of undifferentiated cells and fibroblast-like cells. In contrast to the component cells of the MFH, these lipoblasts were characterized by abundant cytoplasmic glycogen, numerous pinocytotic vesicles and a discontinuous basal lamina in addition to large lipid droplets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 400 (1983), S. 97-106 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Tracheobronchial amyloidosis ; Electron microscopy ; Amyloid fibril ; Fibroblast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The author reports on the electron-microscopic examination of the diffuse tracheobronchial amyloidosis of a 51-year-old patient. The amyloid deposits were located in the lamina propria of the tracheal and bronchial mucosa. At the edge of the nodular deposits, condensation and radial arrangement of amyloid fibrils could be seen. Closely connected with the amyloid, active fibroblasts were present and their cytoplasm contained amyloid fibrils. The cell membrane of the fibroblasts was missing in part. Intracellular amyloid fibrils mingled with extracellular deposits. It can be assumed that active fibroblasts play an important role in local amyloid formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 59 (1983), S. 295-303 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Menkes' kinky hair disease ; Brain degeneration ; Mitochondrial abnormalities ; Distribution ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The brain of an autopsy case of Menkes' kinky hair disease (MKHD), after routine histological examination, was studied extensively by electron microscopy, particularly the mitochondrial alterations. There were widespread mitochondrial abnormalities, including enlargement with tubulo-vesiculated cristae, swelling, and dense body formation and occasional accumulation of glycogen within mitochondria, in addition to increased numbers of mitochondria in some neurons. These abnormalities of mitochondria were present in decreasing severity in the following: Purkinje cells, neurons of the molecular and granule cell layers of the cerebellum, and neurons of the cerebral cortex, globus pallidus, lateral nuclei of the thalamus, caudate nucleus, and the myelinated axons in the white matter. This distribution and the degree of mitochondrial abnormalities in the various structures of the brain were compared with those of degenerative lesions in the respective structures. The comparison disclosed that there was a positive correlation between the two. The mitochondrial enlargement and swelling as in the present study had been well documented in the brain of the brindled mouse; mitochondrial dense bodies had also been reported in previous case reports of MKHD by other authors. The present study strongly suggests that the mitochondrial disease is an essential abnormality and may be responsible for the progressive degeneration of the CNS in MKHD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Human sural nerve ; Electron microscopy ; Myelin sheath thickness ; Internodal length ; Node of Ranvier ; Organic solvents ; Glycogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An ultrastructural and morphometric study was performed on sural nerve biopsies of four industrial spray painters (35–59 years) and 11 controls (6–64 years). No difference could be shown in spray painters and age-matched controls as to the number of myelinated nerve fibres per area, their size distribution, variation of internodal length along single nerve fibres or the ratio between the number of myelin lamellae and the axon circumference. There was marked scattering of the two latter parameters in older exposed and control individuals. The distribution of NADH2-tetrazolium reductase activity was similar in exposed and control cases. The general ultrastructural appearance of nodal-paranodal regions in controls conformed with that noted in experimental animals. The overall ultrastructural organization and age-related changes of nerves of exposed cases were similar to those of control cases except for a presence of paranodal axonal mitochondria which contained glycogen-like particles in exposed cases. In one exposed case abundant dispersed or clustered glycogen-like particles were seen in the paranodal axoplasm. These findings are suggested to be an effect of chronic exposure to organic solvent vapours. Ageing seems, however, to have a much greater impact on the morphology of the sural nerve fibre than occupational exposure to organic solvent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 11
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Motor end-plates ; Abnormal differentiation of motor end-plates ; Arthrogryposis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The syndrome of arthrogryposis and palatoschisis (SAP), an inherited syndrome of muscular hypotonia in Charolais cattle, was used as an experimental model to study neuromuscular differentiation. The ultrastructural development of muscle, peripheral nerve, and neuromuscular junctions was studied to determine the sequence of events preceding hypotrophic changes in the skeletal muscles of affected calves at birth. Dorsiflexion of the metatarsophalangeal joints in the hindlimbs occurred in fetuses older than 3 months of age, but hypotrophic changes in skeletal muscle, manifested as small fibers scattered among larger and occasional degenerating fibers, was not apparent until late in gestation, affecting 8-month-old fetuses and neonatal calves. Electron microscope and enzyme histochemistry studies disclosed differentiation of skeletal muscle into fiber types which is consistent with changes expected from disuse and does not indicate a primary myopathic abnormality. Abnormal differentiation of neuromuscular junctions (NMJ), composed of several separated axonal endings terminating in shallow synaptic gutters, indicated impaired maturation of the synapse. The earliest indication of abnormal NMJ was observed in a 5-month-old SAP fetus. The clinical signs and pathologic changes found in the neuromuscular junction and skeletal muscle of SAP fetuses are consistent with an embryologic defect occurring during development of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the integrated function of the motor neurons to the limbs. However, diversification of myofibers by histochemistry and ultrastructural parameters is evidence that the intrinsic physiologic properties of spinal motor neurons were retained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 60 (1983), S. 14-18 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Rathke's cleft cyst ; Craniopharyngioma ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The electron-microscopical appearance of a Rathke's cleft cyst is described. The cyst lining is seen to consist predominantly of secretory columnar epithelium, both ciliated and non-ciliated. There are also epidermoid cells occurring singly or in squames. The histogenesis of Rathke's cleft cysts, in relation to craniopharyngiomas, is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 61 (1983), S. 116-122 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Methylmercury ; Mitochondria ; Cerebral cortex ; Postnatal development ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neonatal rats received s.c. injections of methymercuric chloride (MeHg) in physiological saline (1.5 mg Hg/kg b.wt.) at 48-h intervals from postnatal day 2 to day 50. Littermate controls were injected with an equivalent volume of saline. All animals were perfused on day 51 and blocks of cerebral cortex were prepared for electron microscopy. Ultrastructural changes in mitochondria were evident in the dendrites, axons and presynaptic terminals of cortical neurones in the MeHg-treated animals. Many mitochondria were condensed with an increased electron density of the inner matrix. Some profiles exhibited regressive alterations, including a disruption of cristae and the inner membrane with an accumulation of electron-opaque material in the matrix. Membranous whorls were found in association with the most degenerate mitochondria. A morphometric analysis of mitochondrial profiles in the neuropil of layer I revealed a 24% decrease in average profile area and a 16% increase in the number of profiles per micrograph in the MeHg-treated animals. These pathological changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure are consistent with an inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. The observed increase in the number of mitochondrial profiles may reflect a compensation by cortical neurons for the reduced efficiency of aerobic metabolism in the individual organelle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 59 (1983), S. 246-254 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Muscle spindle ; Electron microscopy ; Terminal nerves ; Denervation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intrafusal and extrafusal nerve segments in muscle spindles from tumbricalis muscles of the hind-paw of the rat were studied by electron microscopy from 10h to 5 days after severance of the sciatic nerve. In several spindles examined, nerve fascicles piercing the spindle capsule in the equatorial region contained a large myelinated, a smaller myelinated and an unmyelinated fiber. Unmyelinated fibers were not present in small fascicles leading to the polar region. The changes in the extrafusal nerve segments followed the pattern of Wallerian degeneration. Intra-axonal glycogen deposits were prominent in sensory fibers. The unmyelinated fibers were the earliest to degenerate, the large myelinated ones the latest. Differences between motor and sensory fiber degeneration emerged in their preterminal intrafusal segments and were analogous to those of the nerve endings. Terminal nerve fibers in the spindle equator succumbed to attack of mesenchymal cells, leaving extensive basement membrane reduplications around myelin debris-laden Schwann cells, while polar fibers were engulfed by Schwann cell processes, leaving regular bands of Büngner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 60 (1983), S. 149-152 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Adrenoleukodystrophy ; Cerebello-brainstem involvement ; Electron microscopy ; Biochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of adrenoleukodystrophy was studied morphologically and biochemically. The patient was a 28-year-old man with no family history of adrenoleukodystrophy. His neurologic symptoms were cerebellar ataxia, spastic paraplegia, pseudo-bulbar palsy, and a minimal visual disturbance, with neither adrenal nor hypogonadal symptoms. The morphological and biochemical findings in this case are identical with those in typical adrenoleukodystrophy, but the topographical distribution of the lesions is distinctly different. The changes selectively affect the white matter in the cerebellum and brain stem in contrast to minimal involvement of the occipital white matter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 60 (1983), S. 309-313 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Hirano bodies ; Extraocular muscle ; Aging ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirty-three rectus superior extraocular muscles from 23 autopsy cases, all over 60 years, were examined. Eosinophilic inclusions (Hirano bodies) were observed in all the muscles; they were stained deep red by Masson's trichrome stain and were positive for protein stain. They consisted of a collection of filamentous structures of two types: (1) a regular array of filaments 100 Å in diameter which sometimes were arrayed in perpendicular planes and (2) another type in a herring bone or ladder-like pattern. Both structures were closely associated with the accumulated thin filaments 50–60 Å in diameter (actin?) in the subsarcolemma. The frequent appearance in aged muscle fibers of Hirano bodies indicates that their formation is a change closely related with aging.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Mesonephric duct ; Fetus ; Glycogen ; Human development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Human mesonephric duct epithelial cells contained empty appearing regions in the infranuclear cytoplasm when prepared for transmission electron microscopy using glutaraldehyde and osmium fixation. The same regions stained positively with PAS in Epon sections for light microscopy suggesting that glycogen was present. Incubation with saliva abolished the reaction. For electron microscopy the glycogen stained very intensely if a mixture of osmium tetroxide and potassium ferrocyanide was used instead of osmium alone. Glycogen accumulations were present between the ages of 5 to 10 weeks and absent at the age of 15 weeks. Reports by others indicate that glycogen may be present in different reactive forms in relation to its staining behaviour after various fixatives. The present results, and similar studies in other tissues, indicate that osmium tetroxide-potassium ferrocyanide fixative should be used routinely for preservation of embryos and fetuses and where indicated, for ultrastructural identification of glycogen and cytoplasmic filaments in clinical specimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 275 (1983), S. 156-158 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Sarcoidosis ; Fcγ-receptors ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immune complexes of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and rabbit IgG antibodies to HRP were used to study the Fcγ-receptors in granulomas of cutaneous sarcoidosis. Cryostat sections of skin biopsies were incubated with HRP-anti-HRP, and the peroxidase activity was demonstrated with 3,3-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride and H2O2. Most cells in the granulomas, both epithelioid and giant cells, were stained. By electron microscopy, the reaction products were localized to the plasma membranes of the cells as well-defined granular deposits. No reaction product was demonstrated intra- or extracellularly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 275 (1983), S. 407-411 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Langerhans cell ; ATPase ; Ia-like antigen ; OKT6 ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 60 (1983), S. 271-277 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Tuberous sclerosis ; Subependymal giant-cell tumor ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Tissue from seven patients with tuberous sclerosis and subependymal giant-cell tumors was examined with special stains, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. Immunoreactive glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was not found in the giant cells of four tumors, but was present in some tumor cells in the other three. Immunoreactive S-100 protein was present in tumor cells of six cases; it was also seen in more tumor cells than was GFAP. Electron microscopy was similar in all cases and showed that the tumor cells had numerous organelles — many dense bodies thought to be primary lysosomes, swollen mitochondria, Golgi complexes, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes, and sparsely distributed intermeadiate filaments. In one case, neurosecretory granules, microvilli, and synapses were observed. In another subject, prominent, thick bundles of glial filaments were seen. These findings suggest that the tumor is made up of unique cells in addition to cells with recognizable neuronal or astrocytic features.
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 59 (1983), S. 139-144 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Decompression sickness ; Brain ; Gas bubbles ; Blood-bubble interface ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rats were exposed to 6.1 bar (abs.) air for 90 min and subsequently decompressed to the ambient pressure. After a decompression rate of 6.8 bar/min pial veins and superior sagittal sinuses were found to contain gas bubbles; no intravascular bubbles were observed subsequent to a decompression rate of 1.5 bar/min. Under the electron microscope platelet aggregates were observed at both the electron-dense layer of the blood-bubble interface and in pial veins with no bubbles. It is concluded that during decompression sickness bubbles and both activation and aggregation of platelets occur in intracranial veins. Subsequent venous congestion may contribute to the neuronal lesions and symptoms of acute decompression sickness.
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  • 22
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Pityriasis rubra pilaris ; Histochemistry ; Autoradiography ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five patients with pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) were analyzed by means of light and electron microscopy as well as by histochemistry and autoradiography. The results were compared with findings in psoriasis vulgaris. In PRP we found a moderate increase of the labeling index of epidermal cells, a highly increased labeling index of dermal infiltrating cells, and a mild spongiosis, and in the stratum granulosum, a decreased number of tonofilaments and an increased number of keratinosomes. The horny layer in PRP showed a pronounced histochemical and electron microscopical parakeratosis, even when histological parakeratosis was absent. In contrast with psoriasis vulgaris, there was no exocytosis of polymorphonuclear leucocytes into the epidermis, the papillomatosis index was normal, and there were no tortuous capillaries in the dermal papillae. The stratum granulosum was always present and sometimes thickened, showing electron microscopical changes different from those referred to in psoriasis. These changes point to a relatively distinct pattern of epidermal changes in PRP.
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 47 (1983), S. 13-19 
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia ; Intracytoplasmic inclusions ; Mitochondria ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with cells containing two types of cytoplasmic inclusions is described. The inclusions appeared as glubular bodies containing electron dense material with homogenous structure and as crystalloid formations confined in organelles with structure similar to that of the surrounding mitochondria. In distinction to other reports, these structures were not related to the endoplasmic reticulum. The possibility that some of them represented altered mitochondria is discussed.
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  • 24
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Toxicology ; Electron microscopy ; Endothelium ; Liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract With quantitative techniques at electron microscopical level chromatin condensation and emptying of the interchromatin space have been established in the nuclei of the endothelial cells of small uterine vessels. The nuclear and cytoplasmic changes after cadmium administration show much similarity between endothelial cells of small uterine vessels and cultured liver parenchymal cells. Cytoplasmic changes in both cell types after cadmium administration are suggestive of a disturbance in ribosomal RNA synthesis as the main cause leading to ultimate cell lysis.
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 53 (1983), S. 151-163 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Fenofibrate ; Human liver ; Electron microscopy ; Morphometry ; Peroxisomes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In rodents fenofibrate shares with other triglyceride-lowering agents the potential to increase the liver peroxisome population. It was therefore of interest to look for this effect in hyperlipoproteinemic patients receiving this drug. Light and electron microscopy of liver biopsies from a group of 10 patients treated with fenofibrate and from another group of 15 receiving diet only, show no morphological difference between both groups. In contrast with the rodent data the morphometric study reveals no significant changes in the number (fenofibrate group: 7.96 1010 cm−3; group receiving diet alone: 8.41 1010 peroxisomes/cm3 of liver tissue) or in the size (fenofibrate group: Diameter=0.53±0.07 μm — group receiving diet alone: 0.50±0.06) of peroxisomes. The difference between our results and those obtained consistently in rodents may be due to the relatively low dose in man and/or a species-dependant difference in enzyme content of liver peroxisomes, itself related to an apparent difference in the way in which lipids are handled.
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  • 26
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Allomyces macrogynus ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Electron microscopy ; Restriction enzyme map
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The mitochondrial (mt) DNA of the aquatic phycomycete Allomyces macrogynus is a circular molecule with a size of 56.1 kbp. The cleavage sites for the restriction enzymes SalI and PvuI were mapped by comparing the partial denaturation patterns of isolated restriction fragments with the pattern of the intact circle. The genes coding for the small and large ribosomal RNA (rRNA) were located on the restriction map by heteroduplex and R-loop analysis. The gene coding for the large rRNA contains an intervening sequence, app. 0.7 kbp in size, near the 3′-end of the gene. The two rRNA genes are encoded on the same strand of the mtDNA and separated by a region of 17–18 kbp. This rRNA gene organization is similar to that found with members of the Ascomycetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 61 (1983), S. 593-599 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Small intestine ; Early ischemia ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphology and chronology of an absolute ischemia was investigated on the small intestine of man and rat. It could be shown that the morphogenesis of ischemic damage to the intestinal mucosa in man does not differ from that in the rat. However, there are crucial and in therapeutic terms significant differences in the time course of the ischemic damage to the intestinal mucosa. Whereas in the small intestine of the rat, the first appreciable alterations — detachment and disruption of the lining epithelium at the villous tip — are already to be observed after absolute ischemia lasting 15 min, in the human small intestine the same lesions only occur after 4 h. A comparable complete necrosis of the small intestinal mucosa was detected in the rat after 7-h ischemia, and in man after 44-h ischemia.
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  • 28
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    Archives of microbiology 135 (1983), S. 169-175 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Photosynthetic membranes ; Electron microscopy ; Image processing ; Ectothiorhodospira halochloris ; Ectothiorhodospira abdelmalekii ; Rhodopseudomonas viridis ; Rhodopseudomonas sulfoviridis ; Thiocapsa pfennigii
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The photosynthetic membranes of the five bchl b-containing bacteria Ectothiorhodospira halochloris, E. abdelmalekii, Rhodopseudomonas viridis, R. sulfoviridis and Thiocapsa pfennigii have been investigated by electron microscopy and digital image analysis. All five species have the photosynthetic complexes hexagonally arrayed in the membrane with lattice spacings close to 13 nm, except for R. sulfoviridis and T. pfennigii which display somewhat smaller (∼12.5 nm) lattice spacings. Correlation averaging which imposes less stringent requirements on the lattice perfection than conventional Fourier filtration techniques has been employed to elucidate the structure of the photosynthetic complexes. Their basic organization, i.e. a ring, probably containing the light-harvesting (LH) polypeptides, surrounding a core (the “reaction centre”) appears to be almost identical for all species under scrutiny. Despite a resolution of ∼1.6 nm, however, little further significant substructure can be deduced from the averages; possible reasons for the “blurred” appearance of the LH-ring and absence of any subdivision in the reaction centre are discussed along with strategies aimed at obtaining a more detailed model of the molecular architecture of the photosynthetic membranes.
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  • 29
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    Archives of microbiology 135 (1983), S. 25-29 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Euglena mutabilis ; Flagellate ; Photomovement ; Photoreceptor ; Phototaxis ; Single-cell analysis ; Videomicroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Due to the lack of an emergent flagellum the green flagellate Euglena mutabilis is restricted to gliding motility. During forward movement, the organisms orient positive phototactically in the presence of a suitable light stimulus. The cell contains both a stigma and a paraflagellar body which differ in shape and size from the organelles found in E. gracilis. The degree of orientation in white light follows an optimum curve with a maximum at about 100 lx. The spectral sensitivity shows a number of prominent peaks in the blue and green regions and extends well into the red region of the visible spectrum. Since the cell does not rotate during locomotion a periodic shading mechanism cannot account for phototactic orientation. Thus, phototaxis in the related species, E. gracilis and E. mutabilis differ in their photoreceptor molecules, their sensory transduction chains and their strategies of light direction detection.
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  • 30
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    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 105 (1983), S. 285-291 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Borderline lesion ; Severe dysplasia ; Gastric precancerosis ; Electron microscopy ; Morphometric analysis ; Bleb formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The “borderline lesion” of the stomach (severe dysplasia of the protruded type) is nowadays considered to be a true precancerous lesion. Histologically, this lesion is characterized by a proliferation in the area of the glandular neck, combined with severe cellular atypia. Investigation by means of transmission electron microscopy reveals the structure of these cells to be very similar to the structure of cells of an intestinal-cell-type carcinoma of the stomach. In addition to signs for a loss of differentiation of the cells, such as the absence of rough-surfaced endoplasmatic reticulum, mucin granules, and of the polarity of the cells, remarkably frequently luminal bulges and “blebs” developed to various extents can be detected. Morphometric analysis is delineating the tendency of structural features of the borderline lesion to develop toward the gastric cancer cell. These irregularities might be expressions of the beginning of expansive growth and signs pointing to differentiation into malignant neoplasia.
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  • 31
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Cystitis ; Electron microscopy ; Vasculitis ; Elastic tissue ; Autoimmune diseases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bladder vessel walls of 20 patients with interstitial cystitis were studied by the electron microscope. 14 (70%) had severe endothelial injury. 10 (50%) showed injured smooth muscle cells. Odd basement membrane proliferations and disruptions were seen. Clusters of microfibrils about 10 nm in diameter and numerous partially membrane-bound vesicles of 100–600 nm with granular or tiny vesicular content (“granulovesicular bodies”) were also seen. Intercellular junctions of endothelial cells were open and there was emigration of polymorphonuclear leucocytes and platelets. The findings show pronounced vascular injury to have taken place, with neoformation of elastic tissue. It is suggested that the injury is immunologically mediated and that particularly those clusters of connective tissue microfibrils not yet covered by an amorphous elastin component may be involved in the pathogenesis of this disease.
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  • 32
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    Virchows Archiv 401 (1983), S. 109-128 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Clear-cell sarcoma ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neural crest ; S-100 protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A clinico-pathological, light microscopic and immunohistochemical study of 15 clear-cell sarcomas, with an ultrastructural analysis of 6 of the tumors, is presented. The tumors showed a strong predilection for tendons and aponeuroses of the extremities in predominantly young and middle-aged people. The clinical setting, course and light microscopic appearance agree well with the original description by Enzinger (1965). Nine of the 15 patients developed metastases, most of them including lymph nodes, and 8 of the patients had died at the time of follow-up (median follow-up time 4.8 years). Reducing pigment was demonstrated within the cells of 2 tumors. Ultrastructurally the 6 tumors studied had a uniform appearance with characteristically rounded or oval tumor cells with a single nucleus containing one or two very prominent nucleoli, a light-staining cytoplasm with a moderate amount of organelles and a variable content of glycogen. Polymorphic melanosomes were seen in the cells of one of the tumors. External laminas enclosed groups of tumor cells and invested parts of individual tumor cells. With immunoperoxidase analysis for S-100 protein positive staining was observed in the vast majority of the tumor cells of all 15 clear-cell sarcomas. Metastases appearing in 9 of the 15 cases showed positive staining for S-100 protein. There was a strong staining of the cytoplasm and generally a weak and varying staining of nuclei. The immunohistochemical and electron microscopic findings indicate that clear-cell sarcoma is a homogenous entity among soft tissue sarcomas, of probable neural crest derivation.
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  • 33
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    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 469-496 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Bone marrow (human) ; Neutrophil granulocyte ; Granules ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bone marrow from hematologically healthy adults was exposed to a number of fixation procedures for investigation of the heterogeneity of the granule population in neutrophil granulocytes at the ultrastructural level. Four main cell stages were distinguished: early promyelocyte, late promyelocyte, myelocyte, and mature neutrophil granulocyte and described separately; metamyelocytes and band-form or stab cells are described together. The characteristic changes in the cytoplasm during myelopoiesis were analysed quantitatively. Special attention was given to the development of the granule population. Three types of granule arise in successive cell stages: granules which develop a sub-structure in the matrix (nucleated granules) are formed in early promyelocytes, granules with a homogeneous electron-dense matrix (azurophil granules) in late promyelocytes, and granules with a less electron-dense matrix (specific granules) in myelocytes. The three types of granule remain present during myelopoiesis. The best results in distinguishing the granule types were obtained by prefixation either in 0.1% glutaraldehyde or in 1.5% glutaraldehyde followed by washing in phosphate-buffered Ringer solution to which aminotriazole had been added. Granule counts revealed for the mature neutrophil a total number of granules of about 220 per ultrathin section. This population of granules is composed of about 12% nucleated, 11% azurophil, and 77% specific granules. When our previous findings are taken into account, the existence of three successively formed and morphologically distinguishable types of granule in heterophil (neutrophil) granulocytes has been demonstrated for three mammalian species: the guinea pig, the rat, and man. A separate term for the early promyelocyte stage is proposed: eomyelocyte.
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  • 34
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    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 579-593 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Rods ; Cones ; Retina ; Bullfrog ; Synapse ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lumps of electron-dense material were observed in synaptic clefts associated with all types of photoreceptors, in the vicinity of the synaptic ribbons, in the retinae of dark-adapted frogs. Frogs were reared under a cyclic illumination (light on at 8:00; light off at 20:00) and then exposed to one of two courses of dark adaptation: one started from 11:00 in the morning, and the other started from 20:00 in the evening. The synaptic clefts of red rods became wider at some places where spherical or polygonal lumps of dense material were accumulated. The frequency and sectional area of the lumps increased faster for the first hour in the regime starting from 20:00 than in the regime starting from 11:00, then they reached the similar saturation levels of about 0.6 (per ribbon) and 1.6 to 1.8×104 (nm2) in both the regimes. In greenrod synapses, plate-shaped lumps of dense material were present in synaptic clefts and interspaces between the processes of second-order neurons. In cone synapses at the end of about 1 h darkness, the frequency and area of the lumps reached maximum values of about 0.12 (per ribbon) and 9×103 (nm2) in the regime starting from 11:00 and, about 0.08 (per ribbon) and 4 × 103 (nm2) in the regime starting from 20:00. On exposure to light, the dense material abruptly disappeared from all types of photoreceptor synaptic clefts. Large dense-core vesicles, occasionally observed in light-adapted rod photoreceptor terminals, seem to participate in exocytosis of the dense material. The number of dense-core vesicles per synaptic ribbon in a terminal was about 0.55 at the end of 3 h light in the morning and about 1.28 at the end of 12 h light in the evening. The increased number of dense-core vesicles during the daytime may contribute to the faster accumulation of dense material in the synaptic clefts. Although the chemical identification or the functional significance of the electron-dense material remains unknown, it is interesting that this material showed a rise and fall in response to darkness and illumination. Also the fact that this material is clearly visible will be helpful for future analysis of frog photoreceptor synapses.
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  • 35
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    Cell & tissue research 232 (1983), S. 593-600 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Peritrophic membrane ; Insect ; Microvilli ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A double plasma membrane (DPM) surrounding intestinal microvilli of the migratory milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus, is described. Mutant and wild types of the phytophagous insect have been studied by conventional SEM and TEM procedures with the use of membrane-enhancing staining methods. Longitudinal and transverse sections revealed a DPM surrounding microvilli and continuing over the apical portions of the intestinal cell. The outer membrane of the DPM contributes to an intestinal lining or peritrophic membrane (PTM), which apparently accumulates in layers. SEM studies reveal a rugose intestinal surface and complete PTM in both starved and fed insects. Only rarely are exposed microvilli seen by SEM. SEM examinations also enable the observation of numerous blebs on the luminal side of the PTM apparently held in position by a neck-like attachment and apparently derived from the outer membrane of the DPM. Preliminary TEM studies of microvilli revealed unique microvesicle-like structures, lying just inside the inner membrane of the DPM, which may be of membrane origin based on their typical trilaminar appearance after en bloc staining with uranyl acetate. Highly ordered microfilaments were observed to occupy the most central aspect of the microvilli.
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  • 36
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    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 125-134 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vasopressin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Hypothalamus ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vasopressin-containing neurons, identified by immunocytochemistry, are located predominantly in the posterior magnocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus of the rat hypothalamus. By electron microscopy, the immunoreaction product is seen within the cell bodies and neuronal processes. In the perikarya and dendritic processes, the immunoreactive material is associated primarily with neurosecretory granules. Axonal processes, identified by their content of microtubules and accumulation of neurosecretory granules, show the immunoreaction product in association with both of these organelles. Afferent axo-dendritic, axo-somatic and putative axo-axonic synapses with immunostained vasopressinergic neurons can be identified. The presynaptic profiles do not contain immunoreactive material. This study contributes to the ultrastructural characterization of vasopressinergic neurons in the paraventricular nucleus and of their afferent synaptic input.
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  • 37
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Dictyosome-like structures ; Golgi apparatus ; Phosphatidylcholine ; Laminated figures ; Electron microscopy ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Dictyosome-like structures (DLS) of guinea pig spermatocytes, when prefixed in mixtures of glutaraldehyde and tannic acid, exhibited laminated figures with a repeating periodicity of about 4.5 nm in the spaces between DLS saccules or in association with the surfaces of the DLS saccules. These laminated figures were similar to those figures derived from saturated lipids in other tissues. Alternatively, spaces between saccules were collapsed leaving only thin, electron-dense material separating adjacent saccules. These changes were not observed when the DLS were prefixed in glutaraldehyde before exposure to tannic acid. The presence of laminated figures following fixation with tannic acid and osmium tetroxide suggests that saturated lipids are present in, or associated with, the intersaccular regions of the DLS. The distribution of laminated figures in other membrane structures was not affected by post fixation with tannic acid nor were laminated figures comparable to those of the DLS observed between cisternae of the Golgi apparatus. These results support previous conclusions that DLS are distinct from Golgi apparatus and are a unique component of the germ cell cytoplasm.
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  • 38
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Digestion ; Membrane flow ; Electron microscopy ; Sarcodina ; Actinophrys sol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The digestion of food in the heliozoonActinophrys sol is characterized by several distinct membrane events. Initially, extrusomes expand and fuse with each other and with the plasma membrane providing the membrane for the nascent food vacuole. During this process a—presumably lytic—material is secreted. After complete forming of the food vacuole a second type of vesicles fuses with it, whereupon usually lysis of the prey occurs. After denaturation and coagulation of the food, fluid is removed from the food vacuole. This process is accompanied by a high cytotic activity around the periphery of the food vacuole. Following this step, the perinuclear Golgi region shows an active appearance and numerous lysosomes fuse with the food vacuole. In consequence of this the food is degradated. The food vacuole shrinks continuously. Simultaneously vesicles filled with the digested material pinch off from the food vacuole, the content of which shows a more and more condensed mass of undigestible material. The undigestible residues are defecated eventually. The process of digestion is accompanied by an increase in volume and number of electron lucent cytoplasmic vacuoles. These vacuoles gradually become filled with a filamentous material starting with the vacuoles in the cell periphery. As the digestion continues, the vacuolar contents become condensed successively. Synchroneously the vacuoles move towards the cell center. After completion of the digestion, the cytoplasmic vacuoles decrease in volume and number and do not show any longer electron dense contents.
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  • 39
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Anacystis nidulans ; Cyanobacterium ; Electron microscopy ; Freeze-fracmres ; Thylakoid degradation ; Ultrathin-sections
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Photooxidative bleaching of the CyanobacteriumAnacystis nidulans was studied by electron microscopic investigation of both freezefractured and thin-sectioned samples. During bleaching four consecutive phases in degradation of photosynthetic membranes (thylakoids) could be characterized: 1. No ultrastructural changes until photosystem II activity is lost. 2. Derangement of characteristic arrangement of thylakoids. 3. Thylakoids visible only in thin-sectioned but not in freeze-fractured samples. 4. Completely bleached cells, only traces in place of former thylakoids visible in thinsectioned samples. Bleaching did not cause lysis of the cells showing that the cytoplasmic membrane was not damaged. Polyhedral bodies also were still detectable in bleached cells.
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  • 40
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    Protoplasma 116 (1983), S. 198-200 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Chromosome isolation ; Electron microscopy ; Vicia faba ; Vicia narbonensis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Using a formalin fixation technique whole chromosomes from root tips ofVicia species were isolated into a buffer solution. Combining this technique with the use of a set of reciprocal translocations available for this species—Vicia faba— allowed each member of the karyotype to be isolated and identified. Such isolated chromosomes can be used for optical microscopy or for either transmission or scanning electron microscopy where critical point drying clearly reveals chromatin fibre.
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  • 41
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    Protoplasma 116 (1983), S. 209-212 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Parapharyngeal mass ; Electron microscopy ; Cytochemistry ; Electron microprobe X-ray analysis ; Ciliate ; Homalozoon vermiculare
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The structure and elemental composition of the granules which make up the parapharyngeal mass of the ciliateHomalozoon vermiculare are analyzed. The mass is made up of two kinds of granules. One is not membrane-bounded and is composed of paraglycogen. The second type is comprised of concentric lamellae. It is rich in magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium. These results do not support the contention that the granules are directly involved in the process of food vacuole formation. The role of the parapharyngeal mass remains obscure.
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  • 42
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cell walls ; Electron microscopy ; Moisture ; Plastic embedding ; Seeds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Aqueous fixatives caused dry seed tissues to swell; mashed peanuts, crushed to remove oil, swelled even more. Use of anhydrous, organic solvents as vehicles for fixatives enabled maintenance of dimensional stability during fixation of dry seed tissues; even crushed seed tissue did not swell significantly when processed anhydrously. However, anhydrously processed specimens proved difficult to section. The difficulty was due to imperfect permeation of plastic into the seed tissues during embedding. An explanation of why anhydrously processed dry seed tissues are so difficult to embed in plastic is offered.
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  • 43
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    Cell & tissue research 228 (1983), S. 139-148 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal organ ; Pineal photoreceptors ; Opsin immunoreactivity ; Electron microscopy ; Elasmobranch (Raja clavata)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pineal organ of Raja clavata was studied by light and electron microscopy, including the immunocytochemical antiopsin reaction. The pineal organ of the ray consists of three portions: (i) a large proximal pineal, (ii) a long tube-like connecting stalk, and (iii) a short distal terminal enlargement. This latter end-vesicle lies in the deep connective tissue layers of the braincase. All portions of the pineal are composed of pinealocytes, intrinsic neurons, ependymal/glial cells, and bundles of nerve fibers embedded in thin neuropil formations. The inner segments of the pinealocytes protrude into the lumen in all parts of the organ and usually contain basal bodies and numerous mitochondria. Often, two outer segments were found to arise from the basal bodies of a single inner segment. By means of light-microscopic immunocytochemistry the outer segments showed a strong antiopsin reaction. The axons of the pinealocytes form ribbon-containing synapses on dendritelike profiles, which appear to belong to the intrinsic pineal neurons. There are other axo-dendritic synapses established by presynaptic terminals lacking ribbons and containing granular and synaptic vesicles. Pineal neurons may contain granular vesicles approximately 60–100 nm in diameter; their processes contribute to the bundles of unmyelinated axons. The fine structural organization of the pineal organ and the opsin immunoreactivity of the outer segments of the pinealocytes indicate a photoreceptive capacity of the organ. The double outer segments represent a peculiar multiplication of the photoreceptor structures.
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  • 44
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Innervation ; Decentralisation ; Hypogastric nerve ; Pharmacology ; Electron microscopy ; Vas deferens ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The physiological, pharmacological and morphological characteristics of guinea-pig vas deferens supplied by hypogastric nerves rendered inactive by decentralisation were compared with those of vas deferens in which the nerve supply had been chronically stimulated for 3–9 days using implanted electrodes. No change was seen in decentralised preparations prior to 7 days, but from 8–15 days, increased sensitivity to application of noradrenaline in vitro was observed, which was shown to be related to reduced transmitter uptake by nerve terminals as well as to an increase in postjunctional sensitivity; there was also increased fatigability 7–14 days following decentralisation. Continuous stimulation of hypogastric nerves at 2 Hz for 4–8 h daily for 4–8 days resulted in enhanced transmitter uptake and reduced responses to noradrenaline; this was associated with a slight increase in noradrenaline content and a faster adrenergic neuromuscular response with a shorter latency. No appreciable changes in nerve or muscle structure studied by electron microscopy were observed following decentralisation, but there was an increase of between 12.5 and 29.6% in the number of close (〈 100 nm) neuromuscular junctions following chronic stimulation for 8 days.
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  • 45
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    Cell & tissue research 228 (1983), S. 433-449 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Bone marrow (rat) ; Heterophil granulocyte ; Granules ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of the heterophil granulocyte in the bone marrow of the rat is described, and an electron-microscopical analysis of the changes in the cytoplasm as well as in the granule population in several stages of maturation is reported. Three types of granule originate in consecutive stages of heterophil maturation. Granules with an internal fine structure (nucleated granules) are the first to be formed, i.e., in early promyelocytes; azurophil granules are formed in late promyelocytes; and specific granules appear in myelocytes. Quantitative analysis showed that the granule population in mature cells, i.e., about 160 granules per electron micrograph, is composed of roughly 14% nucleated granules, 10% azurophil granules, and 76% specific granules. Three cell stages were observed in mitosis: the early promyelocyte, the late promyelocyte, and the myelocyte. Granule counts in non-dividing cells confirmed the occurrence of mitosis in the late promyelocyte and myelocyte.
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  • 46
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    Cell & tissue research 228 (1983), S. 489-496 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Heart ; Tissue culture ; Electron microscopy ; Myocyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cardiac muscle cells from 3-day-old rat neonates were cultured for periods of 2 to 56 days. In order to facilitate ultrastructural studies on the organization of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the cells were prepared for transmission electron microscopy according to a regimen including postfixation in reduced osmium ferrocyanide. The nonjunctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (NJSR) was organized as a loose, fenestrated sleeve around the exterior of bundles of myofilaments and was particularly prominent at the level of the Z line. The only recognizable junctional elements of the sarcoplasmic reticulum were in a peripheral location. Reduced osmium ferrocyanide was also useful in distinguishing intermediate (10nm) filaments, since it understained Z substance, which often obscured these structures. Intermediate filaments were arranged both at the Z line and the intercalated disc, in parallel strands, approximately at right angles to the myofilaments.
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  • 47
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: CRF ; immunolabelling ; Paraventricular nucleus ; Median eminence ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)-synthesizing perikarya and neural processes were detected at ultrastructural level in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and in the median eminence of control and colchicine-pretreated rats. The unlabelled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex (PAP) immunohistochemical method was used in a pre-embedding manner, on thick, non-frozen sections. In CRF-perikarya, neurosecretory granules (80–120 nm in diameter), free ribosomes, and the rough endoplasmic reticulum were labelled. Unlabelled axon terminals formed asymmetric synapses on CRF-containing perikarya and dendrites. Immunolabelled axons terminated in the palisadic zone of the median eminence.
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  • 48
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    Cell & tissue research 232 (1983), S. 379-397 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Pelvic ganglia ; Autonomic nervous system ; Synapses ; Neurones ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A semi-quantitative electron-microscopic study of neuronal cell bodies, nerve profiles and synapses in the anterior pelvic ganglia of the guinea-pig has been carried out following in vivo labelling of adrenergic nerve endings with 5-hydroxydopamine. Ganglion cells of three main types have been distinguished: 1) the majority (about 70%) not containing granular vesicles, probably cholinergic elements; 2) those containing large granular vesicles of uniform size (80–110 nm), with granules of medium density and prominent halos; and 3) those containing vesicles of variable size (60–150 nm), with very dense eccentrically placed granular cores. Some non-neuronal ‘granule-containing’ cells were present, mainly near small blood vessels. Some 95% of the total axon profiles within the ganglia were cholinergic, the remaining 5% were adrenergic. However, 99% of synapses (i.e. axons within 50 nm of nerve cell membrane with pre-and post-synaptic specialisations) were cholinergic, and 1 % were adrenergic. Only three examples of nerve cell bodies exhibiting both cholinergic and adrenergic synapses were observed. Unlike the para-and prevertebral ganglia, the pelvic ganglia contained large numbers of axo-somatic synapses. As many as 20% of the nucleated neuronal cell profiles displayed two distinct nuclei.
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  • 49
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    Cell & tissue research 232 (1983), S. 399-411 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pelvic ganglion ; Reinnervation ; Decentralisation ; Autonomie nervous system ; Electron microscopy ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An electron-microscopic study has been made of adrenergic and cholinergic nerve fibres and synapses in the pelvic ganglion of the guinea-pig at intervals of up to 60 days following section of the hypogastric and pelvic nerves. Transection of the hypogastric nerves led to degeneration of 80–90% of the cholinergic nerve profiles and synapses in the ganglion. The small number of adrenergic nerves and synapses did not change, but 30–60 days after section, this number increased 8–10 times. Transection of the pelvic nerves led to degeneration of about 15% of the cholinergic nerve terminals, but no change in adrenergic terminals. After transection of both hypogastric and pelvic nerves, only about 1% of cholinergic nerves survived, but after 30–60 days, the number of adrenergic nerves increased 8–10 times. It is concluded that following cholinergic nerve degeneration in the ganglion, adrenergic nerves, probably originating as collateral sprouts from postganglionic neurones and granule-containing cells, can replace them to some extent.
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  • 50
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    Cell & tissue research 228 (1983), S. 85-98 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Basement-membrane production ; Mouse embryos ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mouse embryos (strain NMRI) of days 9 + 2h, 9 + 12h, 10 + 2h, 10 + 12h, 11 + 2h, 12 + 2h, 13 + 2h, and 14 + 2h were fixed (i) in 3% glutaraldehyde +3% paraformaldehyde, (ii) in 1% glutaraldehyde +1% tannic acid, or (iii) in 1% glutaraldehyde +1.5% ruthenium red. The electronmicroscopic picture of the basement membrane (BM) changed depending on the fixative used. Addition of tannic acid led to a higher staining intensity of glycoproteins, whereas after ruthenium red proteoglycans were more heavily stained. The BM around the neural tube and around the epithelial tubules in the lung anlage were investigated electron microscopically. After fusion, the BM in the dorsal regions of the neural tube is missing; on days 9–10 it is, however, reformed. Between days 11 and 13 wide gaps in the BM of the lung anlage occur at the growth buds of the epithelial tubes, which are bridged on late day 13. In the basal parts of these two epithelial types membrane-bordered granules of different density occur singly or in groups. It is postulated that these structures contain BM-material and represent secretion granules. After secretion, BM-material is first bound to the cell membrane. This process is important for the initiation of the formation of the BM. Further growth, however, proceeds via lateral aggregation (self-assembly). Thus, intercellular gaps are bridged independent of the cell membrane. The process of lateral aggregation may also explain deviations from the normal course of the BM.
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    Cell & tissue research 230 (1983), S. 639-648 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic autonomic nerves ; Quinacrine ; Fluorescence microscopy ; Electron microscopy ; Anococcygeus muscle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphological changes induced in the autonomic nerves of the rat anococcygeus muscle after the injection of quinacrine (QC, 100 or 200 mg/kg) were examined by electron microscopy in order to clarify the nature of QC-binding nerves seen at the fluorescence-microscopic level. A correspondence between granular QC fluorescence and many lysosomal dense bodies is observed both in the cytoplasm of muscle cells and in non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) axons during the first few days following injection. A number of brilliantly fluorescent fibres is observed 1 week after injection. At the ultrastructural level, these fibres seem to correlate with NANC axons which are crowded with many dense bodies and large granular vesicles. Notably, some lysosomal dense bodies contain many large granular vesicles. The effects of QC injection on the ultrastructure of adrenergic axons have also been observed, but are not so marked as in the NANC axons. The administration of QC did not cause complete degeneration of the NANC nerves, though degenerating axons were sometimes observed. The present data indicate that most, if not all, QC-binding nerves observed at the fluorescence-microscopic level correspond to NANC nerves at the electron-microscopic level. Furthermore, NANC axons appear to contain a considerable amount of ATP concentrated in the large granular vesicles.
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  • 52
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Bone marrow (mouse) ; Monocytes ; Neutrophil granulocytes ; Granules ; Electron microscopy ; Peroxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The differentiation and maturation of monocytes and neutrophil granulocytes were studied in bone marrow of normal mice by electron microscopy and cytochemical assessment of peroxidatic activity. The granule populations of the mature cells of bone marrow were identified and investigated to obtain a basis for the analysis of the earlier stages of maturation. Mature monocytes and neutrophils showed primary and secondary granules, and mature neutrophils had more of both kinds. The size, shape, and number of primary granules proved to offer the most reliable criteria for distinguishing promonocytes and promyelocytes. The primary granules of monocytes were smaller than those of mature neutrophils and were either spherical (smallest diameter 50–200 nm) or elongate (100×400 nm). Both granules had a homogeneous matrix. The granules of the granulocytes were either spherical (smallest diameter 200–300 nm) or elongate (150–200×300–500 nm), and some of them had a crystalline inclusion.
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  • 53
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Smooth muscle ; Anura ; Stomach ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The young of the aquatic Australian frog, Rheobatrachus silus (Leptodactylidae) develop from eggs to juvenile frogs in the mother's stomach. During brooding the stomach expands greatly and becomes very thin walled. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the distension of the stomach was accompanied by a severe disruption of the smooth muscle layers. Many of the smooth muscle cells seemed to be highly contracted and resembled smooth muscle cells contracted in the absence of an intact connective tissue matrix. Eight days after the birth of the juveniles through the mouth of the female, the stomach muscle cells had returned to a normal appearance. It is suggested that during gastric incubation of the young, smooth muscle cells become at least partially dissociated from their surrounding connective tissue matrix, allowing maximal distension of the stomach wall.
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  • 54
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    Cell & tissue research 231 (1983), S. 551-563 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Visual mutants ; Anterior optic tract ; Independent gene actions ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopy shows that in wild-type Drosophila melanogaster the anterior optic tract (AOT) is formed by about 1260 fibers in males and slightly fewer in females. Golgi staining suggests that most AOT fibers connect the lobula with different regions of the central brain. In the sine oculis (so) and small optic lobes (sol) mutants the number of axons is drastically reduced, by 58% in sol and by 35% in so. In the double mutant sol:so there is a loss of up to 83% of the fibers in the AOT. Approximately half of the remaining 220 fibers form a well defined subbundle of very thin axons which is identifiable in wild type as well as in both single mutants. The fibers of this subbundle neither originate nor terminate in the visual ganglia: instead, they connect two different central brain regions. It is concluded that the combined action of the sol and so mutations abolishes more than 90% of the fibers of visual origin or destination in the AOT. Quantitative analysis of electron micrographs shows that the so and sol mutations act independently on nearly exclusive subsets of axons in the AOT.
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  • 55
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Satellite cells ; Skeletal muscle ; Snake-venom toxin ; Muscle regeneration ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Satellite cells were studied in the undamaged part of the rat soleus muscle rendered partially necrotic by a subcutaneous injection of notexin, the myotoxic toxin purified from the venom of the Australian snake Notechis scutatus scutatus. Nuclei of satellite cells were twice as numerous as in the controls, with a decreasing gradient in the number of satellite cells with distance from the necrotic area. The cells were in an activated state with an increased cytoplasmic volume and prominent organelles. Occasionally, mitosis of some satellite cells was observed. Between the satellite cell and the muscle fibre, an unusually wide space was frequently seen, within which a “new” basal lamina was often visible. It is suggested that the role of the satellite cells of undamaged muscle fibres in the regeneration of necrotic muscle is worthy of more detailed investigation.
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  • 56
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    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 209-213 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hamsters ; Harderian glands ; Short photoperiod ; Sexual dimorphism ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A sexual dimorphism of the hamster Harderian gland at the ultrastructural level, has been reported. Castration of males and the administration of testosterone to females are known to alter the male type gland to the female type and vice versa. In this paper we present data that exposure to a short photoperiod (1L:23D) can induce similar structural alterations between the 4th and 10th week of exposure. Changes in the male included reduction in the number of tubular clusters and large vacuoles, while in the female the number of membrane formations decreased with an accompanying appearance of tubular clusters.
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  • 57
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    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 22 (1983), S. 456-485 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Electron diffraction ; Transmission electron microscopy ; Electron microscopy ; Structure elucidation ; Ribosomes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chemists recognize X-ray crystal structure analysis and electron microscopy as powerful methods of analysis. In the last 20 years the basic ideas of X-ray diffraction analysis have been extended to the field of electron microscopy, whereby an image-forming apparatus is converted into an electron diffractometer, and through which an old dream of crystallographers can be realized - the measurement of the phase shift of scattered waves, a prerequisite for the direct calculation of structures. Its most important area of application, like that of the X-ray diffractometer, is in three-dimensional structure analysis - in all fields of science. However, beyond crystallography, aperiodic structures (comparable to crystals with a single unit cell) can also be analyzed three-dimensionally. In this progress report, the development of the first idea (spatial frequency filtering) to the analysis of ribosomal particles is outlined. Attention will be focused primarily on quantitative methods for the measurement of scattered rays, which are also usable beyond the conventional limit of resolution, down to atomic resolution. In the course of this work in 1968, the principle of the three-dimensional analysis of native biological crystal structures using the electron microscope, as worked with today in many laboratories, was developed. In Munich, however, further research focused on the three-dimensional analysis of aperiodic and individual (especially biological) objects. The analysis of 50S-subunits of the procaryotic ribosome of E. coli showed surprisingly good reproducibility of the results (although only within the same orientation), allowing the deduction of almost ideal average model structures from a limited number of particles.
    Additional Material: 28 Ill.
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    Anatomy and embryology 138 (1972), S. 255-264 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Myogenesis ; Cell surface material ; Cell contact ; Culture ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cell surface material and contact specializations were observed in embryonic chick skeletal muscle cells at early stages (prior to fusion) in monolayer culture. Ruthenium red-staining surface material was largely absent after prior treatment with trypsin. During reorganization into a tissue pattern dense staining amorphous material was seen at the cell surfaces and in the extracellular spaces of clustered cells; the free surface material was clumped, that between the cells more compact. This material appeared to be mucopolysaccharide and could be involved in adhesion. Numerous close junctions (intercellular space, 25–100 Å), as well as occasional focal tight junctions (no apparent intercellular space), were observed between apposed cells. These junctions semmed related to cellular adhesion and perhaps also to electrical coupling.
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    Anatomy and embryology 137 (1972), S. 188-199 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Pituitary gland ; Electron microscopy ; Dog
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The parenchymal cells of the pars distalis of the dog adenohypophysis were studied with the electron microscope. Criteria for the differentiation of four cell types included the size and shape of the cells and the size, shape and distribution of organelles and secretory granules. Three secretory granule-containing cells designated as I, II and III were observed. Cell type I was further divided into subtypes (Ia, Ib, Ic) on the basis of the granule size of maximal frequency. A fourth cell type (IV) contained no or only a few secretory granules. It was unique in having a highly irregular shape with cytoplasmic processes extending between the other cell types and also occasionally enclosing follicular cavities.
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    Anatomy and embryology 136 (1972), S. 326-335 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Gallbladder ; Electron microscopy ; Epithelium ; Embryology ; Mucopolysaccharides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The early development of the human gallbladder epithelium was studied in 25 foetuses with crown-rump (CR) lengths from 6.0 to 22.5 cm by light and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The PAS-reaction was used to locate cellular mucosubstances. The development could be devided into previllous and villous stages by light microscopy. The incipient formation of villi was observed in the present material at the 12.5 cm stage. Electron microscopically, three stages of development in the gallbladder epithelial cells were noticed. In the first stage, only one epithelial cell type was found. The microvilli were undeveloped, and there were no secretory granules in the epithelial cells. In the second stage, the epithelial cells contained secretory granules. The other characteristics of this stage were pseudopod-like projections on the apical cell surfaces and development of microvilli into a brush border-like structure. In the third stage, the epithelium showed the same zonal construction as that of the adult gallbladder. The apical surface of the epithelial cell was convex, and the microvilli were well developed. There were no pseudopod-like projections on the apical cell surface. The secretory granules were similar to those seen in the normal epithelial cells of the adult gallbladder. Degenerating cells were sometimes seen in this stage. The PAS-reaction was positive in the second and third stages.
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  • 61
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    Anatomy and embryology 136 (1972), S. 224-248 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Basket cells ; Synapses ; Electron microscopy ; Golgi method ; Inhibition ; Axons ; Dendrites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Stellate cells were studied in rapid Golgi preparations and in electron micrographs. These small neurons can be classified on the basis of their position in the molecular layer and the patterns of their dendritic and axonal arborizations as follows: (1) superficial cells with short, contorted dendrites and a circumscribed axonal arbor (upper third of the molecular layer); (2) deep stellate cells with radiating, twisted dendrites and with long axons giving rise to thin, varicose collaterals (middle third of the molecular layer); (3) deep stellate cells with similar dendrites and long axons giving collaterals to the basket around the Purkinje cell bodies (middle third of the molecular layer). An important characteristic of the stellate cell axon is that it generates most of its collaterals close to its origin. Even in long axon cells, only a few collaterals issue from the more distant parts of the axon. These forms contrast with the basket cell, which sends out long, straighter dendrites, and an extended axon that first emits branches at some distance from its origin. Furthermore, basket cell axon collaterals are usually stout in contrast to the frail, beaded collaterals of the stellate cell axon. The two cell types are considered to be distinct. In electron micrographs stellate cells display folded nuclei and sparse cytoplasm with the characteristics usual for small neurons. Mitochondria are often the most conspicuous organelles because of their size and pleomorphism. The dendrites cannot be followed for long distances in thin sections because of their irregular caliber and course. Axons can be recognized on the basis of their appearance in Golgi preparations as short stretches of slender fibers distended at close intervals and running athwart the grid of the parallel fibers. These distensions, full of ovoid or flattened vesicles, synapse on the shafts of Purkinje cell dendrites and also on the dendrites of Golgi cells, basket cells, and other stellate cells. In all cases the synaptic complex occupies about a third of the junctional interface, the synaptic cleft is somewhat widened, and the pre- and postsynaptic dense plaques are thin and almost symmetrical. Varicosities in the parallel fibers synapse with the soma and dendrites of stellate cells. These junctions display a widened synaptic cleft and asymmetrical pre- and postsynaptic densities. Junctions with climbing fibers (Scheibel collaterals) have also been seen. The form of the stellate cell indicates that it plays a role in cerebellar circuitry different from that of the basket cell, although both cells are inhibitory. It is probably concerned with local effects on Purkinje cell dendrites within the field of its afferent parallel fibers.
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    Anatomy and embryology 139 (1972), S. 93-105 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Teleost ; Heart ; Cardiogenesis ; Electron microscopy ; Development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An electron microscopic study has been made on the development of the heart of the plaice (Pleuronectes platessa L.) by the examination of tissue taken from fish at the stage when the heart-tube has formed right through the larval life and up two months postmetamorphosis. The process of developments of the heart is essentially the same as that in higher vertebrates but there are certain minor sequential differences with comparable chick tissue. By day 24 (ten days after hatching) the “early larval” heart has formed which is a trilaminar structure — a layer of myocardium bounded internally by endocardium and externally by epicardium. This condition lasts until the 4a (Ryland) stage with the onset of endocardial invagination into the myocardium which is the criterion distinguishing the “late larval” heart. The “late larval” heart lasts throughout metamorphosis of the larva and until two months post-metamorphosis when the total adult heart is assumed. Thus the process of cardiogenesis continues irrespective of hatching and of metamorphosis. This study supports the concept that the epicardium is derived from an extramyocardial source. No results are presented concerning the theory that, in its earliest stages, the myocardium has a secretory function in the production of cardiac jelly, or of myofibrillogenesis in the Teleost myoblast. Stellar configurations of short lengths of newly formed sarcomeres commonly radiate out from Z centres in early myocytes and it is suggested that this is a primitive feature of Teleost myogenesis. There is also a proliferation of mitochondria within the myocardial cells at metamorphosis which may be connected to the subsequent fast growth of the heart in the succeeding two months.
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    Archives of dermatological research 244 (1972), S. 273-275 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Mongolian spot ; Blue naevus ; Melanocytes of connective tissue ; Electron microscopy ; Histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
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    Archives of dermatological research 244 (1972), S. 524-526 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Allergic contact dermatitis ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophages
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 65
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    Archives of dermatological research 244 (1972), S. 536-540 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Collagen and auto-immune diseases ; Endoplasmatic tubular structures ; Paramyxovirus-like-structures ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 66
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    Archives of dermatological research 244 (1972), S. 540-542 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Argyria ; Electron microscopy ; Basallamina ; Elastica ; Skin appendages
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 67
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    Journal of molecular medicine 50 (1972), S. 552-556 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Plasma cells ; Filaments ; Bence-Jones Plasmocytoma ; Synthesis of immunoglobulins ; Electron microscopy ; Plasmazellen ; Filamente ; Bence-Jones Plasmocytom ; Immunglobulinsynthese ; Elektronenmikroskopie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Plasmazellen einer Patientin mit einem Bence-Jones Plasmocytom (BJP) gutartigen Verlaufs zeigten im Ergastoplasma zylindrische Formationen, die aus granuliertem Reticulum und Grundplasma bestehen. In den Grundplasmaschichten liegen zirkulär geordnete filamentöse Strukturen verschiedener Ausprägung. Bei starker Entwicklung des filamentösen Materials bilden sich kristallgitterartige Gefüge. Die Strukturen im Grundplasma sind nur nach doppelter Fixierung in Aldehyden und Osmiumtetroxyd zu erkennen. Sie waren nicht in Plasmazellen 4 weiterer Patienten mit anderen Myelomtypen nachweisbar. Die Beobachtungen werden in bezug auf die Biosynthese der Immunglobuline diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The ground substance of plasma cells of a Bence-Jones plasmocytoma with benign clinical course in a 55 year old female patient showed “cylindrical” formations composed of rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and ground substance. In the ground substance filamentous structures can be seen, sometimes showing a crystalline pattern. The filaments can only be demonstrated after double fixation in aldehydes and osmium tetroxyde. In the plasma cells of four patients with myeloma other than Bence-Jones plasmocytoma, similar structures could not be demonstrated. This observation is discussed regarding the biosynthesis of immunoglobulins.
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    Cell & tissue research 123 (1972), S. 47-54 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretion ; Neurohypophysis ; Exocytosis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an der Neurohypophyse von Ratte und Forelle ergeben, daß sich eine Exocytose von Elementargranula an den Endigungen der neurosekretorischen Fasern nur selten abspielt. Es wird daher angenommen, daß die Abgabe von Hormonen in der Neurohypophyse in der Regel nach dem Muster des „membrane-release“ abläuft. 2. Die Exocytose wird nicht durch eine unmittelbare tangentiale Fusion der Membran des Elementargranulums mit dem Plasmalemm der Nervenendigung (Axolemm) eingeleitet. Vor allem bei Anwendung eines Goniometertisches wird erkennbar, daß vor der Exocytose zwischen Axolemm und Membran des Granulums eine Verbindung in Gestalt eines Stieles entsteht. Die Länge dieses Verbindungsstückes entspricht etwa 2 Axolemmdicken. An der Basis des Stiels im Axolemm tritt das Stoma auf, durch das der Inhalt des Granulums bzw. dieses selbst das Axonende verläßt. 3. Die Herkunft kleiner membrannaher Vesikel (Durchmesser 500 Å) in den Endigungen neurosekretorischer Nervenfasern in der Neurohypophyse konnte nicht geklärt werden. Anzeichen einer kompensatorischen Endocytose im Sinne von Nagasawa, Douglas und Schulz (1970) wurden nicht beobachtet.
    Notes: Summary 1. Electron microscopical investigations of the neurohypophysis in rat and trout reveal that exocytosis of neurosecretory elementary granules from the nerve endings occurs only rarely. The authors are of the opinion that hormone release in the neural lobe follows mainly the “membrane-release” pattern. 2. Exocytosis is not performed by tangential fusion of the elementary granule membrane and the plasmalemma of the nerve ending (axolemma). Administering the goniometer technique one can observe the appearance of a stalk-like structure connecting the two membranes. The basis of the stalk in the axolemma corresponds to the site of the stoma through which the core of the vesicle leaves the nerve ending. 3. The mechanism of the origin of small clear vesicles (diameter 500 Å approx.) near the axolemma of the neurosecretory terminal has not been elucidated. The authors did not observe equivalents of a compensatory endocytosis in the vicinity of granules released by exocytosis.
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  • 69
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurones ; Lumbricus ; Monoamines ; Neurosecretion ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cerebral ganglion and the ventral nerve cord of Lumbricus terrestris have been studied with the electron microscope. The results are as follows: In the neuropile small granular vesicles (300 to 500 Å) occur in some varicose nerve fibres after fixation with potassium permanganate. This indicates the presence of noradrenaline. Sometimes only a few of the vesicles produce a positive reaction. After incubation with α-methyl-noradrenaline the numbers of nerve terminals with small granular vesicles greatly increase, indicating the presence of dopamine and/or 5-hydroxytryptamine. In this case the reaction is now complete. The number of small granular vesicles is largest in the terminal swellings. These findings are consistent with histofluorescence, chemical, and microspectrofluorometric analyses, which have demonstrated noradrenaline, dopamine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine in neurones in the central nervous system. Large granular vesicles (600 to 900 Å) are to be found in some perikarya, not identical with neurosecretory cell bodies. In this case the granular vesicles in the axon are smaller and fewer. This indicates a simultaneous proximo-distal transport and gradual decrease in size of the granular vesicles. The intraneuronal distribution of the vesicles is in agreement with the distribution of the fluorophores in the fluorescent neurones. Neurosecretory neurones are found most likely not to contain monoamines.
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    Cell & tissue research 126 (1972), S. 431-436 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Golgi apparatus ; Granular endoplasmic reticulum ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Numerous morphological continuities between the cisternae of the convex face of the Golgi apparatus and the granular endoplasmic reticulum (GER) were observed in post-division amebae that had divided following enucleation and renucleation. Electron microscopic radioautography with the use of 3H-uridine as a tracer indicated that perhaps the Golgi apparatus is derived from the GER. The possibility of the connections between GER and Golgi apparatus facilitating transport of materials between the two is also discussed.
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    Cell & tissue research 126 (1972), S. 466-482 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Macrophages ; Microtubules ; Enamel organ ; Rat ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the enamel organ of rat incisors macrophages are present in the zone of matrix formation, the transitional zone, the enamel maturation and pigmentation zone. The macrophages accumulate adjacent to redifferentiating amelocytes in the transitional zone. The macrophages phagocytize fragments of disintegrating amelocytes. In addition to the well known complement of organelles the macrophages present an elaborated microtubular system, scattered, thick filaments, a cortical feltwork of thin filaments, and spherical nuclear bodies. The microtubules emanate from “attached” and free pericentriolar satellites and radiate aster-like towards the cell surface or into pseudopods or curve along the nuclear surface for long distances, often related to nuclear constrictions. It is suggested that the microtubular system plays a prominent role in directional movement of the macrophages. The cortical filaments, if contractile, may create the cytoplasmic flow necessary for the cell motility.
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    Cell & tissue research 127 (1972), S. 116-126 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cell junctions ; Nexus ; Osmotic effects ; Fixatives ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Speicheldrüsen von Mückenlarven (Chironomus Thummi) haben eine ausgedehnte interzelluläre Kommunikation. In elektronenmikroskopischen Bildern der Speicheldrüsen wurden zwei Arten von interzellulären Verbindungen gefunden, die für die Zellkopplung verantwortlich sein könnten: septate junctions und close membrane junctions. Da die räumliche Ausdehnung der septate junctions viel größer zu sein scheint als die der close junctions, wurden erstere als wahrscheinliche Kopplungsstrukturen angesehen. Es gibt jedoch Hinweise, daß die Strukturen, welche die Zellkopplung bewirken, sehr labil sind. Unter den Faktoren, die zu einer Unterbrechung der zellulären Kommunikationen führen können, sind auch osmotische Effekte. Um mögliche Einflüsse dieser Art auf die Ultrastruktur zu verhindern, wurden die Drüsen für die mikroskopische Inspektion in isoosmotischen Lösungen fixiert. Unter diesen Bedingungen lassen sich ausgedehnte Membrankontakte vom nexus-Typ zwischen den Drüsenzellen erkennen. Ihre Ausdehnung scheint ebenso groß zu sein wie die der septate junctions. Es besteht nach diesen Befunden die Möglichkeit, daß wie in anderen kommunizierenden Zellsystemen, so auch in Speicheldrüsen die interzelluläre Kommunikation durch nexus bewirkt wird.
    Notes: Summary Cells ofChironomus salivary glands communicate through intercellular connections of high permeability. Electron micrographs of salivary glands show two kinds of junctions between the membranes of adjacent cells, which may be responsible for cell coupling: septate junctions and close membrane junctions. A large fraction of lateral cell surfaces is occupied by septate junctions, while the area of close membrane junctions appears to be very small. Consequently septate junctions have been considered as likely sites for intercellular coupling. There are however some indications that intercellular communication is provided by structures which seem to be unstable. As osmotic effects are among the factors which can disrupt cellular communications, we have tried to eliminate possible effects of the fixing solutions on the ultrastructure of intercellular connections by using isoosmotic fixatives. Under these conditions large regions of close membrane junctions of the nexus kind have been observed to occur between gland cells. They are of similar size as septate junctions. It seems to be possible that as in other communicating cell systems nexus could be the sites for intercellular coupling of salivary gland cells.
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  • 73
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Synapses ; Crustacea ; Abdominal Ganglia ; Lateral glant fibers ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The abdominal ganglia of the crayfish Astacus pallipes contain numerous vertebrate-like synapses which are characterized by presynaptic vesicles, darkened pre- and post-synaptic membranes, cleft material, and post-synaptic “fuzz”. Such synapses occur throughout the ganglia but are most easily found dorsally, where the neuropile is relatively coarse. The neuropile is far from homogeneous. Regional variations in fiber size, in degree of profile tortuosity, and in kind, magnitude, and distribution of vesicular content result in conspicuous textural variations. The structural polarity of synapses between the lateral giant fibers and other neurons is consistent with known physiological polarity and, hence, validates our criteria for recognition of synapses within the ganglion.
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  • 74
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    Cell & tissue research 128 (1972), S. 42-57 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Microglia ; Pericytes ; Cerebral cortex (cat) ; Transformation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Capillaries, pericytes and microglial cells in layer I of the cerebral cortex of normal adult cats have been studied with electron microscopy. The data obtained in this study show that pericytes are cells which are able to transform themselves into microglial cells by virtue of an activation process in which the astrocytic neuroglia appears to play a decisive role. By virtue of its structure, its mesodermic origin and its function the microglia has to be distinguished clearly from the astrocytic neuroglia and the oligodendroglia.
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  • 75
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    Cell & tissue research 128 (1972), S. 100-114 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Connective tissue ; Gastropoda ; Globular cells ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Blasenzellen stellen ein typisches Zellelement im Bindegewebe der Gastropoden dar. Licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an Cepaea nemoralis haben gezeigt, daß der größte Teil einer Blasenzelle mit einer veränderlichen Glykogenmenge angefüllt ist. Diese zentrale Glykogenansammlung verdrängt das Zytoplasma mit seinen Organellen auf den peripheren Bereich der Zelle einschließlich der Zellausläufer und einen schmalen Saum um den Zellkern. Das wichtigste Identifizierungs-merkmal der Blasenzelle ist eine sehr spezialisierte — hier als Spaltenapparat bezeichnete — Oberflächendifferenzierung. Die Auswertung von Serienschnitten hat gezeigt, daß diese Oberflächenstruktur durch eine zum Teil verzweigte Invagination des extrazellulären Raumes gebildet wird, die wiederum von der Blasenzelle durch eine mäanderförmig unterbrochene Platte abgedeckt ist. Zwischen dem Spaltenapparat der Blasenzellen und dem Reusenapparat der Podozyten der Niere scheint eine Ähnlichkeit zu bestehen.
    Notes: Summary The globular cells are typical elements of the connective tissue of Gastropods. Light- and electronmicroscopic investigations of Cepaea nemoralis have shown, that these cells are filled with variable contents of glycogen, accumulated in the centre of the cell. This crowds the cytoplasm and the cell organelles into the peripheral area, including the cell processes and a narrow band surrounding the nucleus. The typical element of the globular cell is a special differentiation of the cell surface, the so-called “Spaltenapparat”. The three-dimensional organisation of the “Spaltenapparat” has been analysed by serial ultrathin sections. The reconstruction shows, that the “Spaltenapparat” consists of numerous branched invaginations of the extracellular space covered by very small, winding cell processes; there are tiny clefts between them. There appears to be some similarity between the “Spaltenapparat” of the globular cells and the pedicels of the podocytes of the renal glomerulus.
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  • 76
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    Cell & tissue research 128 (1972), S. 135-138 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spinal cord ; Mouse ; Myelinated neuronal soma ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Thorakalmark (Hinterhornbereich) einer Wildmaus wurde ein kleines Nervenzellperikaryon beobachtet, das vollständig von einer Markscheide umhüllt war. Die Zahl der Markscheidenlamellen variierte zwischen 7 und 12. An einer Stelle konnte ein sogenanntes inneres Mesoperikaryon nachgewiesen werden. Die Bedeutung dieses zufällig erhobenen Befundes ist vorerst noch offen.
    Notes: Summary In the thoracic cord (posterior horn region) of a wild mouse, we have observed a small nerve cell soma completely enveloped by a myelin sheath. The number of myelin lamellae varied between 7 and 12. In one place, the existence of an inner ‘mesoperikaryon’ could also be shown. The significance of this fortuitous finding has not yet been explained.
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  • 77
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    Cell & tissue research 126 (1972), S. 53-74 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Oogenesis ; Rhesus monkey ; Meiotic chromosomes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ovaries of foetal and neonatal rhesus monkeys have been examined with the electron microscope. The fine structure of the germ cells (oogonia; oocytes at the preleptotene, leptotene, zygotene, pachytene and diplotene stages of meiotic prophase) closely resembles that of corresponding human cells. Stages in spontaneous atresia are also described. Cytoplasmic organelles in oogonia are sparse and are grouped mainly at one pole of the nucleus, but become dispersed and more abundant as oogenesis proceeds. The nuclei of oogonia contain a random fibrillar matrix which becomes organized into threads at pre-leptotene. At leptotene these chromosomal threads each contain a dense axial “core”; during zygotene they become loosely paired in a “bouquet” arrangement and at pachytene the bivalents contain synaptinemal complexes. “Single” cores reappear at diplotene, surrounded by a complex fibrillar sheath organized into lateral projections and loops with associated granules: such chromosomes resemble those in human primordial oocytes although they are more diffuse. These findings support the view that at the diplotene stage mammalian oocytes contain chromosomes of the lampbrush type. Observations on the monkey are compared with those on other species, and the ways in which chromosomal organization may influence the radiosensitivity of oocytes is discussed.
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  • 78
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    Cell & tissue research 129 (1972), S. 1-10 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spermatogonia ; Fish ; Annulate lamellae ; Chromatoid bodies ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Observations on annulate lamellae and chromatoid bodies in spermatogonia of the cyprinid fish Pimephales notatus have revealed several commonly occurring features heretofore unreported: These include (a) the presence of annulate lamellae in close association with chromatoid bodies; (b) the existence of a chromatoid “band” or “shell” between the nuclear envelope and some chromatoid bodies with connections among them; (c) the presence of annulate pore complexes in the absence of well developed membrane envelopes as well as in association with such envelopes; (d) the presence of material just outside the nucleus and contiguous with nuclear pores which is of a similar density and texture to that of the chromatoid bands and chromatoid bodies; (e) filamentous material between the cytoplasmic sides of nuclear pores and the chromatoid “band”, bridging a distance of approximately 1000 Å and similar threads extending a like distance between chromatoid bodies (and bands) and annulate lamellae associated with them; and (f) mitochondria closely arranged about some chromatoid bodies.
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  • 79
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    Cell & tissue research 127 (1972), S. 127-148 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nuclear envelope ; Amphibian oocytes ; Nuclear pore complex ; Chemical nature ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to investigate the chemical composition of the nuclear pore complexes isolated nuclei from matureXenopus laevis oocytes were manually fractioned into nucleoplasmic aggregates and the nuclear envelopes. The whole isolation procedure takes no more than 60–90 sec, and the pore complexes of the isolated envelopes are well preserved as demonstrated by electron microscopy. Minor nucleoplasmic and cytoplasmic contaminations associated with the isolated nuclear envelopes were determined with electron microscopic morphometry and were found to be quantitatively negligible as far as their mass and nucleic acid content is concerned. The RNA content of the fractions was determined by direct phosphorus analysis after differential alkaline hydrolysis. Approximately 9% of the total nuclear RNA of the matureXenopus egg was found to be attached to the nuclear envelope. The nonmembranous elements of one pore complex contain 0.41×10−16 g RNA. This value agrees well with the content estimated from morphometric data. The RNA package density in the pore complexes (270×10−15 g/μ3) is compared with the nucleolar, nucleoplasmic and cytoplasmic RNA concentration and is discussed in context with the importance of the pore complexes for the nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of RNA-containing macromolecules. Additionally, the results of the chemical analyses as well as of the3H-actinomycin D autoradiography and of the nucleoprotein staining method of Bernhard (1969) speak against the occurence of considerable amounts of DNA in the nuclear pore complex structures.
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  • 80
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    Cell & tissue research 127 (1972), S. 50-86 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Salivary glands ; Drosophila, larval ; Differentiation ; Involution ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Entwicklung bzw. Differenzierung der larvalen Speicheldrüse vonDrosophila melanogaster wurde an genau datierten Altersstadien aus dem III. Larvenstadium, der Vorpuppe und der Puppe mit lichtmikroskopischen und elektronenmikroskopischen Methoden untersucht. Zur Vermeidung großer Streuung im physiologischen Alter der Tiere wurde eine Kulturmethode entwickelt, die es erlaubt, die Häutungen zu beobachten und zur Altersbestimmung heranzuziehen. Folgende Ergebnisse wurden erzielt: 1. Die Speicheldrüse besteht bis zur Mitte des III. Larvenstadiums morphologisch aus einem einheitlichen Zelltypus, der sehr kleine Sekretgrana (∅ 0,3 μm) bildet. Diese sammeln sich am Zellapex. Die Vermutung liegt nahe, daß es sich um ein Verdauungssekret handelt.In der 2. Hälfte des III. Larvenstadiums differenzieren sich drei Zelltypen, die hier Corpuszellen, Übergangszellen und Halszellen genannt werden. Dabei ist ein Differenzierungsgradient von distal nach proximal zu beobachten. Die distal gelegenenCorpuszellen stellen die Bildung des Verdauungssekretes in der 2. Hälfte des III. Larvenstadiums ein und bilden stattdessen ein Klebesekret. Dieses Sekret wird in Form großer Grana (∅ bis zu 10 μm) zunächst in den Zellen gespeichert und kurz vor der Pupariumbildung ins Lumen der Drüse abgegeben. Kurz nach der Pupariumbildung wird das Klebesekret aus dem Körper entlassen und dient dazu, die Tönnchenpuppe an einem trockenen Substrat anzuheften. Das Klebesekret ist PAS-positiv. Wahrscheinlich handelt es sich um ein Mucoproteid. Während des Vorpuppenstadiums bilden sich in den Corpuszellen große Vakuolen, die auf Grund der elektronenmikroskopischen Befunde als Ausdruck einer weiteren Sekretionsphase und nicht als beginnende Degeneration gedeutet werden. Die mögliche Bedeutung dieses Sekretes wird diskutiert. DieÜbergangszellen liegen zwischen den Corpuszellen und den Halszellen. Sie bilden ebenfalls Klebesekret, jedoch mit zeitlicher Verzögerung. Kurz vor der Pupariumbildung sind sie wie die Corpuszellen mit ausgereiften Klebesekretgrana beladen und von diesen nicht mehr zu unterscheiden. Die proximal gelegenenHalszellen bilden kein Klebesekret, sondern setzen die Bildung des Verdauungssekretes in der 2. Hälfte des III. Larvenstadiums fort. Während des Vorpuppenstadiums bilden sich in den Halszellen nicht die großen Vakuolen wie in den Corpuszellen. 2. Die Involution der larvalen Speicheldrüse erfolgt nach der Puppenhäutung durch Autolyseprozesse, die am distalen Ende der Drüse beginnen und innerhalb 1 Std alle Zellen mit Ausnahme der Imaginalanlage erfassen. 3. Die in dieser Untersuchung erhobenen entwicklungsgeschichtlichen Befunde anDrosophila melanogaster werden mit Beobachtungen anDrosophila virilis, D. robusta undD. hydei verglichen. Dabei wird aufgezeigt, daß die Entwicklung der larvalen Speicheldrüsen von verschiedenenDrosophila-Arten enge Parallelen aufweist. Die bisher bekannten Zusammenhänge zwischen Stoffwechselaktivitäten im Zytoplasma und Genaktivitäten (Puffmuster) an den Riesenchromosomen dieser Zellen werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The development and differentiation of the larval salivary glands ofDrosophila melanogaster have been investigated with light and electron microscopical methods. The organ has been dissected out of exactly dated stages of the III. instar larva, the prepupa and the early pupa. In order to avoid great variations in the physiological age of the animals a culture method has been developed, enabling the larval molts to be observed and used for identification of the age. The results are as follows: 1. The salivary gland of the early larva up to the middle of the III. instar period is a homogenous sack consisting of one sort of cells, in which very small secretion granules (∅ 0,3 μm) are synthesized. These secretion granules concentrate near the cellular apex. They are supposed to contain digestion enzymes. 2. In the second half of the III. larval instar period three cell types are differentiated, which are called corpus cells, transitional cells and collum cells. A gradient of differentiation from distal to proximal can be observed. 3. Thecorpus cells, located at the distal part of the gland, stop the production of digestion enzymes in the second half of the III. larval instar period and begin to synthesize a cement substance. This cement first is stored in grana (∅ up to 10 μm) inside the corpus cells. Shortly before puparium formation it is extruded into the lumen of the gland. Shortly after puparium formation it is expectorated out of the mouth, runs along the body wall and affixes the puparium to the substrate. The cement is PAS-positive, probably being a mucoproteid. In the corpus cells large vacuoles are formed during the prepupal instar period. On the basis of these electron microscopical results the vacuoles are interpreted to represent another form of a secretory product and not an equivalent of beginning degeneration. The possible function of this substance is discussed. 4. Thetransitional cells are located between the corpus cells and the collum cells. They also synthesize cement at a delayed rate, through shortly before puparium formation they are filled with cement like the corpus cells and cannot be distinguished from the latter. Thecollum cells form the most proximal part of the salivary gland. They do not produce cement but continue to synthesize digestion enzyme granules in the second half of the III. instar period. The large secretion vacuoles, found in the corpus cells during the prepupal instar period, are not synthesized in the collum cells. 5. The involution of the larval salivary gland begins after pupation and is indicated by autolytic processes, which begin at the distal end of the gland. One hour later all cells exept the imaginalanlage show signs of degeneration. 6. The course of development of the salivary glands investigated in the present study inDrosophila melanogaster is compared with similar investigations onDrosophila virilis, robusta andhydei. It is pointed out that the development of the larval salivary gland in different species ofDrosophila shows close parallels. The relationships between metabolic activities in the cytoplasm and gene physiological activities (pattern of puffs) on the giant chromosomes, as known so far, are discussed.
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    Cell & tissue research 130 (1972), S. 70-92 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Oocytes ; Different types ; Dinophilus gyrociliatus ; Cytochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Dinophilus gyrociliatus bildet zwei Oocytentypen, einen größeren, aus dem ♀♀ hervorgehen (♀-Oocyte) und einen kleineren, der sich zu ♂♂ entwickelt (♂-Oocyte). Diese beiden Oocytentypen sind von frühen Stadien der Vitellogenese an durch ihr unterschiedliches Größenwachstum zu unterscheiden. Da bei Oogonien und prävitellogenen Oocyten keine zwei unterschiedlichen Zelltypen festzustellen sind, muß man annehmen, daß die Differenzierung in ♂- und ♀-Oocyten in einem zwischen der Prävitellogenese- und der Vitellogenesephase gelegenen Übergangsstadium beginnt. Während der Prävitellogenesephase finden Zellverschmelzungen statt, aber es konnten keine Beziehungen zwischen der Fusion von Oocyten und der späteren Differenzierung nachgewiesen werden. Die ♂-Oocyte beginnt schon auf einem frühen Stadium der Vitellogenese mit der Produktion von Mucopolysaccharid-Granula, die ♀-Oocyte erst später. Diese Granula bilden nach der Ablage der Eier die Ei- oder die Kokonhülle. Die ♀-Oocyte bildet größere Proteindottergranula als die kleinere ♂-Oocyte. Eine Trennung zweier Zellsorten nach Granulagrößen läßt sich schon auf dem Übergangsstadium durchführen. Der absolute RNS-Gehalt der reifen ♀-Oocyte liegt wesentlich über dem der ♂-Oocyte; dagegen ist die Konzentration der RNS in der ♂-Oocyte höher. Die RNS-Synthese verläuft in beiden Oocytentypen parallel zur Volumenzunahme und dauert bis zum Ende der Vitellogenesephase.
    Notes: Summary Dinophilus gyrociliatus produces two types of oocytes, a big, female producing “♀-oocyte”, and a smaller, male-producing “♂-oocyte”. They may be distinguished by their different volume from the beginning of the vitellogenic phase. Neither oogonia nor previtellogenic oocytes show two types of cells, and the beginning of differentiation in ♀-oocytes and ♂-oocytes has to be located in a connecting stage after the previtellogenic and before the vitellogenic phase. On previtellogenic stages the cells fuse and form bigger ones, but there is no connection to be found with the differentiation of the egg cells. The ♂-oocyte starts the production of mucopolysaccharid granules at an early vitellogenic stage; the ♀-oocyte does so only at later stages. These granules form the egg capsule after the eggs have been laid. The ♀-oocyte contains bigger protein yolk granules than the smaller ♂-oocyte. Already on the connecting stage it is possible to distinguish two groups of cells by the size of their granules. The ribonucleic acid content in the ♀-oocyte exceeds greatly that of the ♂-oocyte. The RNA-concentration, however, is higher in the latter one. During the vitellogenic stages the rate of RNA-synthesis in either type of oocytes parallels the increase in cell volume, the synthesis lasting up to the end of the vitellogenic phase.
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    Cell & tissue research 131 (1972), S. 417-427 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lymphatic vessels ; Lung ; Centrioles ; Filaments ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An electron microscopic study of the pulmonary lymphatic collecting channels and their valves in the rabbit revealed that the endothelial cells generally contain two centrioles which are almost invariably associated with one to several striated bundles of filaments. The structure of the centrioles corresponds well with that in other cell types. The filaments however were present only in endothelial cells and not in the perilymphatic connective tissue cells. The bundles consist of 2 to 6 filaments of about 40 Å diamenter and show a cross banding with a periodicity of 600 to 900 Å. They are attached at both ends or in the middle of the centriole. Their function is unknown, but they might be vestigial rootlets of rudimentary cilia of lymphatic endothelial cells.
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    Cell & tissue research 132 (1972), S. 365-380 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Golgi apparatus ; Membranes ; Cross-bridges ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron opaque cross-bridge structures span the inter- and intracisternal spaces and provide membrane-to-membrane connections between adjacent cisternae of dictyosomes of pollen tubes ofClivia andLilium. Additionally, the classic intercisternal rods, characteristic of intercisternal regions near the maturing face of dictyosomes, are connected with the adjacent membranes through similar cross-bridge elements. We suggest that these structural links are responsible for maintaining the flattened appearance of the central parts of Golgi apparatus cisternac as well as for the coherence of cisternae within the stack. Observations on other plant (e.g. microsporocytes ofCanna) and animal cells (e.g. rodent liver and hepatoma cells, newt spermatocytes) show that such an array of membrane cross-links is a universal feature of Golgi apparatus architecture. The cross-bridges appear as part of the complex “zone of exclusion” which surrounds dictyosomes, entire Golgi apparatus and Golgi apparatus equivalents in a variety of cell types.
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  • 84
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    Cell & tissue research 130 (1972), S. 243-248 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Blood vessels ; Chicken embryo ; Multivesicular structures ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In verschiedenen Arten von Gefäß- und Mesenchymzellen in Allantois und Dottersack des Hühnchens wurden regelmäßig sog. „multivesicular structures“ beobachtet, die aus intrazellulären Aggregaten von Vesikeln (Durchmesser ca.: 800 Å) und/oder Vakuolen (Durchmesser bis 5000 Å) bestehen. Ähnliche Befunde anderer Autoren und die eigenen Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, daß es sich um das Substrat einer weitverbreiteten Zellreaktion handelt, die u.a. das morphologische Äquivalent der Sequestrierung eines z.B. im Zuge der Zelldifferenzierung überflüssig gewordenen Zytoplasmaanteils darstellt.
    Notes: Summary In the endothelial, the media and mesenchymal cells of the vessels in the chicken's allantoic and vitelline membranes “multivesicular structure” regularly occur. They consist of aggregated vesicles and/or vacuoles (diameters ranging from 800 Å to 5000 Å) and seem to present a rather common and widespread cellular reaction, that might serve as a mechanism to sequester those parts of the cytoplasm which became superfluous e.g. during cell differentiation.
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    Cell & tissue research 130 (1972), S. 338-350 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adenohypophysis ; Salmon ; Gonad maturation ; Cell types ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of the various hormone-producing cell types (with the exclusion of the prolactin cells) in the pituitary gland (pars distalis) of migratory sockeye salmon is described. All fish were in an advanced stage of sexual maturation. In the proximal pars distalis five cell types were distinguished: growth hormone cells, ACTH cells, gonadotrops, “vesicular cells”, and “chromophobe cells”. Gonadotrops were also found throughout the rostral pars distalis. A conspicuous feature of the gonadotrops was the presence of two kinds of secretory inclusions: small electron-dense granules (200–375 mμ) and large, relatively electron-translucent globules (400–2 000 mμ). The large vesicular cells, so called because of their conspicuous vesicular endoplasmic reticulum, were numerous and often appeared to contain some small granules. It is argued that they may represent a second type of gonadotropic cell, which, in earlier stages of gonad development, contains many granules but becomes largely degranulated near the time of reproduction when the other gonadotrops (“globular gonadotrops”) abound. The chromophobes, which were smaller and far less abundant than the vesicular cells, also appeared to contain small granules (120–280 mμ). They are probably thyrotrops.
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    Cell & tissue research 131 (1972), S. 347-370 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spermatozoon ; Pleurodeles ; Acrosome ; Differentiation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'origine et la morphogenèse des différents éléments de l'acrosome du spermatozoīde dePleurodeles waltlii ont été suivies et décrites depuis le tout début de la spermiogenèse. La formation de la vésicule acrosomienne et son évolution en une coiffe acrosomienne se fait selon le schéma classique. Son extrémité apicale se différencie tardivement en un bouton terminal et un crochet. Les trois parties de la coiffe diffèrent dans leur composition et leur structure fine. Les volumineux et complexes éléments situés sous la coiffe acrosomienne: axe, baguette puis manchon périphérique et manchon moyen, sont dépourvus de polysaccharides. Leur origine est envisagées. Ils sont comparés aux éléments situés dans l'espace sous-acrosomien des spermatozoīdes des autres vertébrés.
    Notes: Summary The origin and the morphogenesis of the acrosome different parts ofPleurodeles spermatozoon, have been investigated and described from the early beginning spermiogenesis process. The acrosomal vesicle and acrosomal cap formation take place according to the classical scheme. The acrosomal anterior tip cap late differentiate in a blunt terminal knob and a hook. The three cap parts differ in their composition and fine structure. The large and complicated structure stretching under the acrosomal cap: axis, peripheral muff and middle muff, are devoided of polysaccharides; their origin is discussed. They are compared with the subacrosomal components lying in the other vertebrates spermatozoon subacrosomal space.
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    Cell & tissue research 135 (1972), S. 211-228 
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    Keywords: Osteoclasts ; Rats ; Bone resorption ; Lysosomes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Osteoclasts in metaphyses from young rats were systematically sectioned at different levels. Two types of osteoclasts were recognized. One type had no ruffled border while the other, and predominant type contained a ruffled border in a part of its length; some of the latter contained two ruffled borders. The closest contact between osteoclast and bone occurred at the level of the ruffled border and this bone under the border showed characteristic changes indicative of resorption. In some osteoclasts the ruffled border consisted of numerous slender cytoplasmic projections separated by very narrow spaces or channels while in other osteoclasts it was more open. The ruffled border was commonly surrounded by a transitional zone containing numerous thin filaments. The osteoclast usually had its greatest dimension at the level of the ruffled border and the cytoplasm here contained many bodies and vacuoles but a sparse endoplasmic reticulum. Away from the level of the ruffled border the cytoplasmic vacuoles and bodies were fewer while the endoplasmic reticulum was often more pronounced. Parts of the osteoclasts were usually situated close to a vessel. It is suggested that there is a correlation between the development of the ruffled border and the degree of bone resorption and that osteoclasts without a ruffled border are, at least temporarily, inactive with respect to bone resorption. The numerous cytoplasmic bodies, interpreted as lysosomes, are presumed to be important in the resorption process. The closely adjacent positioning of osteoclasts and vessels may facilitate the transport of resorption products to the blood.
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  • 88
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    Cell & tissue research 133 (1972), S. 82-102 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Echinoidea ; Colour change ; Chromatophores ; Amoeboid movement ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Für den physiologischen Farbwechsel bei Vertebraten und Evertebraten gilt die Vorstellung, daß eine Pigmentbewegung innerhalb einer formkonstanten Zelle stattfindet. Am Seeigel Centrostephanus longispinus wird nun der Nachweis einer amoeboiden Bewegung von Pigmentzellen geführt: Die Epidermis von Centrostephanus enthält große braune Chromatophoren, die bei Belichtung eine Pigmentdispersion, bei Verdunkelung eine Konzentration des Pigments zeigen. Die Chromatophoren sind außerordentlich stark verzweigte Zellen, deren Arme dicht mit Pigmentgrana erfüllt sind. Im geballten Zustand ist die allgemeine Zellform mehr oder weniger ovoid, wobei die Zellarme eingezogen und dicht um die Zellmitte angeordnet sind. Dispersion des Pigments wird hervorgerufen durch Ausstrecken der pigmentierten Zellarme in den Interzellularraum des umgebenden Gewebes. Innerhalb der Zelle werden filamentöse Elemente nachgewiesen, die vermutlich für die Zellbeweglichkeit verantwortlich sind. — Ferner wird der zelluläre Aufbau des Integuments beschrieben.
    Notes: Summary Rapid colour changes in vertebrate and invertebrate species are considered to be due to movement of pigment granules within pigment cells of constant shape. Evidence is presented in this study to show that an amoeboid movement of chromatophores occurs in the epidermis of the Echinoderm Centrostephanus longispinus. The epidermis in this species contains large brown chromatophores, which display a dispersion of pigment on illumination and its concentration on darkening. The chromatophores are extensively branched cells, and their branches are densely packed with pigment granules. In the state of pigment concentration, the shape of the cell is more or less ovoid, and the cell branches are drawn in and closely arranged around the cell centre. Dispersion is attained by a stretching out of the pigmented cell branches into the intercellular spaces of the surrounding tissue. Within the cell, filamentous elements, which may be functional in the motility of the pigment cell, can be demonstrated.—Additionally the cellular composition of the integument is described.
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  • 89
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    Cell & tissue research 135 (1972), S. 439-448 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuromuscular junction ; Triturus ; Colchicine ; Axoplasmic flow ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Repeated injections of colchicine into the forearms of normal adult newts led to the disappearance of microtubules within some nerves and a concomitant loss of specialized morphological features at the neuromuscular junction. Within 2 weeks, the postsynaptic folds decreased in height and number, became flattened and eventually disappeared. In addition, nerve terminals in drug-treated animals became separated from the muscle surface and were highly congested with masses of synaptic vesicles. The present findings show that colchicine has an effect on the structural integrity of the neuromuscular junction. These effects could be direct; secondary to retraction of the nerve from the muscle surface; or the result of interference with the proper transport and/or release of neurotrophic substances.
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  • 90
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    Cell & tissue research 135 (1972), S. 449-459 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Insect brain ; Neurons ; Glia ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of the neural sheath, glial cells and nerve cells in the brain of adult male houseflies is described. The neural sheath is composed of neural lamella and perineurium. The neural lamella consists of an external lamina and collagen-like fibrils which are embedded in an amorphous matrix. The perineurial cells form a continuous layer around the brain. On their inner surface, perineurial cells form junctional complexes with glial cell processes. A cortical cellular layer composed of neurons and glial cells surrounds the centrally located neuropil. Three types of glial cells are identified. Glial cells differ in size and in relative development and distribution of organelles. Thin processes of glioplasm completely surround the cell bodies of the neurons. Five types of neurons are described. Most of the neurons are monopolar, a few are bipolar.
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  • 91
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    Cell & tissue research 135 (1972), S. 461-471 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Centriole assembly ; Basal bodies ; Ciliogenesis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopy of 16 to 18 day old chick tracheas revealed that procentrioles are present near the basal ends of the recently matured centrioles and basal bodies of both ciliating and ciliated cells. Cylinders 0.1 μ in outside diameter in which densely staining walls and a central axial filament can often be detected, are present between the mature centrioles and these procentrioles. These cylinders although somewhat shorter are morphologically similar to those found earlier in the same cells in the center of procentriole clusters. So far, only one procentriole has been found in association with each cylinder and only one cylinder in association with each mature centriole or basal body. Procentrioles up to 0.18 μ in length including some with singlet microtubules in their walls have been detected. Serial sectioning indicated that in some cells up to 8% of the mature centrioles and basal bodies were associated with a cylinder and a distinct procentriole. If these procentrioles were to mature they could provide additional basal bodies for cilia after the initial wave of centriole assembly and maturation has been completed.
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  • 92
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    Cell & tissue research 125 (1972), S. 88-107 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adenohypophysis ; Bufo bufo ; Cell differentiation ; Larval growth ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Cinq types de cellules granulées se différencient au cours de la métamorphose dans la pars distalis de l'hypophyse du têtard de Crapaud. A la prémétamorphose apparaissent les deux types de cellules protidiques, les cellules glycoprotidiques de type II et des cellules glycoprotidiques d'un type intermédiaire. Cette dernière catégorie cellulaire disparaît au climax. A la prométamorphose se différencient les cellules glycoprotidiques de type IV. Au climax s'observent les cellules glycoprotidiques de type III. Les cellules glycoprotidiques de type II sont vraisemblablement responsables de la sécrétion de l'hormone thyréotrope (TSH). Il n'est pas encore possible de préciser la fonction des autres types cellulaires. Des fibres nerveuses ont pu être observées dans la pars distalis entre les cellules granulées.
    Notes: Summary Five granulated cell types can be distinguished in the Toad's pars distalis during larval growth. During premetamorphosis the two types of protidic cells appear, the glycoprotein containing cells of type II and an intermediary cell type which disappears during the climax. During prometamorphosis the glycoprotein cells of type IV are apparent. During the climax the glycoprotein cells of type III can be observed. The glycoprotein containing cells of type II probably produce the thyroid-stimulating-hormone (TSH). The function of the other cell types can not be specified for the moment. Nervous fibers have been observed in the pars distalis between granulated cells.
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  • 93
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    Cell & tissue research 125 (1972), S. 289-294 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Accessory optic system ; Rat ; Blood vessels ; Extracellular space ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two types of capillaries were found in the medial terminal nucleus of the rat accessory optic system. Type one capillaries are surrounded by glial processes and lack a perivascular space, whereas the type two capillaries and arterioles show a distinct extracellular perivascular space often filled with collagen fibrils. An internal as well as an external basal lamina lines these spaces. No fenestration of the endothelium was observed.
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  • 94
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    Cell & tissue research 125 (1972), S. 415-431 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Synapses ; Rat ; Cerebral cortex ; Glutaraldehyde/E-PTA ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Synaptic junctions in intact rat cerebral cortex have been examined following glutaraldehyde fixation and phosphotungstic acid (PTA) staining. In the presynaptic ending the network has a hexagonal arrangement, while the dense projections are regularly placed along the presynaptic membrane. Cleft densities occupy the intracleft region. The postsynaptic thickening extends uninterrupted along the length of the junction. Qualitatively, the majority of junctions fall into the ‘discontinuous-continuous’ category, in which the internal coat of the presynaptic membrane together with its associated dense projections is discontinuous along the length of the junction, whereas the postsynaptic thickening is continuous. By contrast, a small number of junctions are ‘continuous-continuous’. In an attempt to analyze the junctions quantitatively, nine indices were measured. Histograms of the size distributions of seven of these appear to be bimodal, and from this it is concluded that two junction populations may be distinguishable on quantitative grounds. It is also shown that the distance separating dense projections at the presynaptic membrane is of the order of 10–15 nm. This surprisingly low value has consequences for current ideas on the relationship between synaptic vesicles and dense projections, and these are discussed at length.
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  • 95
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    Cell & tissue research 125 (1972), S. 404-414 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Renal medulla ; Rat ; Interstitial ground substance ; Fixation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Interstitium des inneren Nierenmarkes von Ratten wurde nach Anwendung verschiedener Fixierungsarten und Versuchsanordnungen elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Neben Bindegewebszellen und kollagenen Fibrillen enthält der interstitielle Raum bandförmige, basalmembranartige Strukturen, in deren weiträumigen Maschen zwei weitere Komponenten, nämlich ein feingranuläres und feinfilamentäres Material sowie kontrastreiche, globuläre Partikel liegen. Diese beiden Formelemente stellen sich bei den verschiedenen Fixierungsarten und Versuchsanordnungen unterschiedlich dar. Bei der feingranulären und feinfilamentären Komponente handelt es sich wahrscheinlich um interstitielles Blutplasma. Diese Deutung wird gestützt durch die morphologische Ähnlichkeit mit dem Blutplasma der Blutgefäße, die unterschiedliche Darstellbarkeit nach Glutardialdehyd-und Formalinfixierung sowie durch die Befunde nach Gefäßperfusion und Nierenvenenstauung. Das Verhalten der globulären Partikel nach OsO4-Einwirkung steht in Einklang mit der schon früher gegebenen Interpretation als präzipitierte saure Mukopolysaccharide. Ihr elektronenoptisches Bild wird im Vergleich zur bekannten makromolekularen Struktur der Mukopolysaccharid-Protein-Moleküle diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The interstitial ground substance in the inner medulla of the rat kidney is examined electron microscopically after fixation with various fixation agents and under different experimental conditions. The papillary interstitium contains besides interstitial cells and few collagen fibrils basement membrane like material and two other components, fine granular-fibrillar elements and globular particles with heavy contrast. The appearance of the two latter interstitial components varies according to the different fixation agents used and to the experimental conditions. The fine granular and fine fibrillar material surrounds the globular particles numerously after glutardialdehyde-fixation but scarcely after formaldehyde-fixation. It increases after renal vein occlusion, but is diminished or absent, if the kidney is rinsed bloodfree. These results allow to conclude that this material represents interstitial bloodplasma. The behaviour of the globular particles after OsO4-fixation agrees well with the earlier interpretation according to which they represent precipitated acid mucopolysaccharides. Their electron microscopic appearance is discussed in comparison with the known macromolecular structure of the acid mucopolysaccharides.
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  • 96
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    Cell & tissue research 125 (1972), S. 497-505 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chromatoid bodies ; Spermatozoa ; Cat ; Jensen's ring ; Centriole ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The first indication of differentiation of the Jensen's ring has been detected in an early stage of spermiogenesis of Felis catus Linné when the pair of centrioles takes up a position immediately beneath the plasma membrane. The chromatoid bodies appear in the early spermatid cytoplasm through the nuclear pore complex. In a more advanced stage, such bodies have been found in association with the striated columns, the distal centriole or the proximal part of flagellum and the Jensen's ring. As the spermiogenesis proceeds, the bodies have decreased their size and density, and finally disappear in mature spermatozoa. The chromatoid bodies seem, therefore, to share with the centriole the capacity to form the connecting piece. As a consequence of disorganization of triplet microtubules of the centriole, a noticeable material appears in the center of lumen of the centriole to be identifiable as a distinct precursor of the central pair of axonemal complex. Microtubules are first developed as the sheath of principal piece of the sperm flagellum, originating from the plasma membrane surrounding the axonemal complex.
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  • 97
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    Cell & tissue research 124 (1972), S. 72-75 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Erythrocytes ; Monkeys ; Malaria ; Junctional apparatus ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopy of erythrocytes infected by the malarial parasite,Plasmodium falciparum, revealed electron dense, cone-shaped excrescences (∼40 mμ in height and ∼100 mμ in width) along the plasma membrane. These excrescences form focal junctions with the plasma membrane of reticular cells of the spleen. The resulting complexes appear to be responsible for sequestration of erythrocytes infected byP. falciparum in the spleen of the host.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 98
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    Cell & tissue research 124 (1972), S. 72-75 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Erythrocytes ; Monkeys ; Malaria ; Junctional apparatus ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopy of erythrocytes infected by the malarial parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, revealed electron dense, cone-shaped excrescences (∼40 mμ in height and ∼100 mμ in width) along the plasma membrane. These excrescences form focal junctions with the plasma membrane of reticular cells of the spleen. The resulting complexes appear to be responsible for sequestration of erythrocytes infected by P. falciparum in the spleen of the host.
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  • 99
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Carotid body ; Biogenic amines ; Reserpine ; p-Chlorophenylalanine-methylester-hydrochloride ; Fluorescence microscopy ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von p-Chlorphenylalanin-methylester-hydrochlorid (PCPA) und Reserpin auf die biogenen Amine des Glomus caroticum von Kaninchen wurde ultrastrukturell und fluoreszenzmikroskopisch untersucht. Die elektronenmikroskopische Analyse ergab keine eindeutigen Kriterien für arzneimittelinduzierte Veränderungen. Fluoreszenzmikroskopisch ließ sich nach Applikation von Reserpin eine ausgeprägte Senkung des Catecholamin- und Indolamin-Gehaltes und nach PCPA eine Abnahme des Serotonins erkennen.
    Notes: Summary The effects of p-chlorophenylalanine-methylester-hydrochloride (PCPA) and reserpine on biogenic amines of the rabbit carotid body were investigated ultrastructurally and by fluorescence microscopy. The electron microscopic analysis did not indicate significantly that structural changes result from treatment with reserpine or PCPA. Fluorescence microscopy indicated that PCPA lowered serotonin, and reserpine lowered both catecholamines and indolamines.
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  • 100
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    Cell & tissue research 124 (1972), S. 387-405 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adenohypophysis ; Mouse ; Follicular cells ; Marginal cells ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Follicular cells in the mouse adenohypophysis were studied electron microscopically. These elements appear to be very similar to the marginal cells that delineate both sides of the hypophyseal cleft. The mouse differs from most other species in that the follicular cells in the pars distalis and the marginal cells look completely inactive in young, intact animals. This makes the mouse exceptionally favorable for correlating morphological changes in the cells of both types with changes in the physiological state of the animal. Different treatments applied in the present investigation all induced morphological reactions in the follicular and/or marginal cells; these reactions were generally similar. Thus, morphological changes in the follicular or marginal cells should be considered as general phenomena accompanying many changes in the physiological state of the animal, rather than as a specific result of the treatment applied. In three experiments, the follicular and marginal cells were involved in the digestion of waste material from other cells. It is suggested that the morphological changes in the other experiments should also be interpreted as signs of such an activity. In the pars tuberalis of the young, intact mouse the follicular cells may show characteristics that in the pars distalis are found only under experimental conditions. Therefore, the follicular cells in this part of the hypophysis are probably in an active state.
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