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  • 2005-2009  (25)
  • 1960-1964  (1,203)
  • 1890-1899
  • 2007  (25)
  • 1962  (1,203)
  • General Chemistry  (1,157)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (46)
  • ddc:000  (25)
  • Synthetic methods  (3)
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  • 2005-2009  (25)
  • 1960-1964  (1,203)
  • 1890-1899
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  • 1
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    Models for Railway Track Allocation (2007)
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: This article is about the optimal track allocation problem (OPTRA) to find, in a given railway network, a conflict free set of train routes of maximum value. We study two types of integer programming formulations: a standard formulation that models block conflicts in terms of packing constraints, and a new extended formulation that is based on additional configuration' variables. We show that the packing constraints in the standard formulation stem from an interval graph, and that they can be separated in polynomial time. It follows that the LP relaxation of a strong version of this model, including all clique inequalities from block conflicts, can be solved in polynomial time. We prove that the extended formulation produces the same LP bound, and that it can also be computed with this model in polynomial time. Albeit the two formulations are in this sense equivalent, the extended formulation has advantages from a computational point of view, because it features a constant number of rows and is therefore amenable to standard column generation techniques. Results of an empirical model comparison on mesoscopic data for the Hannover-Fulda-Kassel region of the German long distance railway network are reported.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Barrier Methods for Optimal Control Problems with State Constraints (2007)
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Description: We study barrier methods for state constrained optimal control problems with PDEs. In the focus of our analysis is the path of minimizers of the barrier subproblems with the aim to provide a solid theoretical basis for function space oriented path-following algorithms. We establish results on existence, continuity and convergence of this path. Moreover, we consider the structure of barrier subdifferentials, which play the role of dual variables.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Conformation-based transition state theory (2007)
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Description: For the treatment of equilibrated molecular systems in a heat bath we propose a transition state theory that is based on conformation dynamics. In general, a set-based discretization of a Markov operator ${\cal P}^\tau$ does not preserve the Markov property. In this article, we propose a discretization method which is based on a Galerkin approach. This discretization method preserves the Markov property of the operator and can be interpreted as a decomposition of the state space into (fuzzy) sets. The conformation-based transition state theory presented here can be seen as a first step in conformation dynamics towards the computation of essential dynamical properties of molecular systems without time-consuming molecular dynamics simulations.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    P2P Routing of Range Queries in Skewed Multidimensional Data Sets (2007)
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    Publication Date: 2021-01-22
    Description: We present a middleware to store multidimensional data sets on Internet-scale distributed systems and to efficiently perform range queries on them. Our structured overlay network \emph{SONAR (Structured Overlay Network with Arbitrary Range queries)} puts keys which are adjacent in the key space on logically adjacent nodes in the overlay and is thereby able to process multidimensional range queries with a single logarithmic data lookup and local forwarding. The specified ranges may have arbitrary shapes like rectangles, circles, spheres or polygons. Empirical results demonstrate the routing performance of SONAR on several data sets, ranging from real-world data to artificially constructed worst case distributions. We study the quality of SONAR's routing information which is based on local knowledge only and measure the indegree of the overlay nodes to find potential hot spots in the routing process. We show that SONAR's routing table is self-adjusting, even under extreme situations, keeping always a maximum of $\lceil \log N \rceil$ routing entries.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Adaptive Discrete Galerkin Methods Applied to the Chemical Master Equation (2007)
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Description: \begin{abstract} In systems biology, the stochastic description of biochemical reaction kinetics is increasingly being employed to model gene regulatory networks and signalling pathways. Mathematically speaking, such models require the numerical solution of the underlying evolution equat ion, also known as the chemical master equation (CME). Up to now, the CME has almost exclusively been treated by Monte-Carlo techniques, the most prominent of which is the simulation algorithm suggest ed by Gillespie in 1976. Since this algorithm requires an update for each single reaction event, realizations can be computationally very costly. As an alternative, we here propose a novel approach, which focuses on the discrete partial differential equation (PDE) structure of the CME and thus allows to adopt ideas from adaptive discrete Galerkin methods (as designed by two of the present authors in 1989), which have proven to be highly efficient in the mathematical modelling of polyreaction kinetics. Among the two different options of discretizing the CME as a discrete PDE, the method of lines approach (first space, then time) and the Rothe method (first time, then space), we select the latter one for clear theoretical and algorithmic reasons. First numeric al experiments at a challenging model problem illustrate the promising features of the proposed method and, at the same time, indicate lines of necessary further research. \end{abstract}
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  • 6
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    Algorithms to Separate {0,1/2}-Chvatal-Gomory Cuts (2007)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: Chvatal-Gomory cuts are among the most well-known classes of cutting planes for general integer linear programs (ILPs). In case the constraint multipliers are either 0 or $\frac{1}{2}$, such cuts are known as $\{0,\frac{1}{2}\}$-cuts. It has been proven by Caprara and Fischetti (1996) that separation of $\{0,\frac{1}{2}\}$-cuts is NP-hard. In this paper, we study ways to separate $\{0,\frac{1}{2}\}$-cuts effectively in practice. We propose a range of preprocessing rules to reduce the size of the separation problem. The core of the preprocessing builds a Gaussian elimination-like procedure. To separate the most violated $\{0,\frac{1}{2}\}$-cut, we formulate the (reduced) problem as integer linear program. Some simple heuristic separation routines complete the algorithmic framework. Computational experiments on benchmark instances show that the combination of preprocessing with exact and/or heuristic separation is a very vital idea to generate strong generic cutting planes for integer linear programs and to reduce the overall computation times of state-of-the-art ILP-solvers.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Stability of a Cartesian Grid Projection Method for Zero Froude Number Shallow Water Flows (2007)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: In this paper a Godunov-type projection method for computing approximate solutions of the zero Froude number (incompressible) shallow water equations is presented. It is second-order accurate and locally conserves height (mass) and momentum. To enforce the underlying divergence constraint on the velocity field, the predicted numerical fluxes, computed with a standard second order method for hyperbolic conservation laws, are corrected in two steps. First, a MAC-type projection adjusts the advective velocity divergence. In a second projection step, additional momentum flux corrections are computed to obtain new time level cell-centered velocities, which satisfy another discrete version of the divergence constraint. The scheme features an exact and stable second projection. It is obtained by a Petrov-Galerkin finite element ansatz with piecewise bilinear trial functions for the unknown incompressible height and piecewise constant test functions. The stability of the projection is proved using the theory of generalized mixed finite elements, which goes back to Nicola{\"i}des (1982). In order to do so, the validity of three different inf-sup conditions has to be shown. Since the zero Froude number shallow water equations have the same mathematical structure as the incompressible Euler equations of isentropic gas dynamics, the method can be easily transfered to the computation of incompressible variable density flow problems.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Jahresbericht 2006 (2007)
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    Publication Date: 2019-10-24
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
    Type: annualzib , doc-type:report
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  • 9
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    SNDlib 1.0--Survivable Network Design Library (2007)
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-15
    Description: We provide information on the Survivable Network Design Library (SNDlib), a data library for fixed telecommunication network design that can be accessed at http://sndlib.zib.de. In version 1.0, the library contains data related to 22 networks which, combined with a set of selected planning parameters, leads to 830 network planning problem instances. In this paper, we provide a mathematical model for each planning problem considered in the library and describe the data concepts of the SNDlib. Furthermore, we provide statistical information and details about the origin of the data sets.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Solving Railway Track Allocation Problems (2007)
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: The \emph{optimal track allocation problem} (\textsc{OPTRA}), also known as the train routing problem or the train timetabling problem, is to find, in a given railway network, a conflict-free set of train routes of maximum value. We propose a novel integer programming formulation for this problem that is based on additional configuration' variables. Its LP-relaxation can be solved in polynomial time. These results are the theoretical basis for a column generation algorithm to solve large-scale track allocation problems. Computational results for the Hanover-Kassel-Fulda area of the German long distance railway network involving up to 570 trains are reported.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    Online Multicommodity Routing with Time Windows (2007)
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-15
    Description: We consider a multicommodity routing problem, where demands are released \emph{online} and have to be routed in a network during specified time windows. The objective is to minimize a time and load dependent convex cost function of the aggregate arc flow. First, we study the fractional routing variant. We present two online algorithms, called Seq and Seq$^2$. Our first main result states that, for cost functions defined by polynomial price functions with nonnegative coefficients and maximum degree~$d$, the competitive ratio of Seq and Seq$^2$ is at most $(d+1)^{d+1}$, which is tight. We also present lower bounds of $(0.265\,(d+1))^{d+1}$ for any online algorithm. In the case of a network with two nodes and parallel arcs, we prove a lower bound of $(2-\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{3})$ on the competitive ratio for Seq and Seq$^2$, even for affine linear price functions. Furthermore, we study resource augmentation, where the online algorithm has to route less demand than the offline adversary. Second, we consider unsplittable routings. For this setting, we present two online algorithms, called U-Seq and U-Seq$^2$. We prove that for polynomial price functions with nonnegative coefficients and maximum degree~$d$, the competitive ratio of U-Seq and U-Seq$^2$ is bounded by $O{1.77^d\,d^{d+1}}$. We present lower bounds of $(0.5307\,(d+1))^{d+1}$ for any online algorithm and $(d+1)^{d+1}$ for our algorithms. Third, we consider a special case of our framework: online load balancing in the $\ell_p$-norm. For the fractional and unsplittable variant of this problem, we show that our online algorithms are $p$ and $O{p}$ competitive, respectively. Such results where previously known only for scheduling jobs on restricted (un)related parallel machines.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    Zweieinhalb Jahre Open-Linking im KOBV-Portal: Ein Erfahrungsbericht (2007)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: Die Zentrale des Kooperativen Bibliotheksverbunds Berlin-Brandenburg (KOBV) betreibt seit Januar 2004 das KOBV-Portal, in dem u.a. vielfältige Open-Linking-Dienste eingebunden sind. Dieser Beitrag erläutert Open-Linking allgemein und stellt die KOBV spezifischen Dienste im Detail vor. Dabei wird auch die Zugriffsentwicklung auf die KOBV-Open-Linking-Dienste evaluiert. Ein Ergebnis ist, dass signifikante Steigerungen der Nutzung erst dann bewirkt werden, wenn Maßnahmen durchgeführt werden, die erstens die Open-Linking-Dienste stärker ins Bewusstsein der NutzerInnen rücken und zweitens den Weg dorthin im KOBV-Portal verkürzen. Vor allem muss ein schneller Weg zu den Open-Linking-Diensten gewährleistet sein, um die Nutzung deutlich zu steigern. Um zusätzlich den Bekanntheitsgrad der Open-Linking-Dienste bundesweit zu erhöhen, regt die KOBV-Zentrale andere Bibliotheken und Verbünde dazu an, analoge Open-Linking-Dienste einzurichten. Auf diese Weise wird die Handhabung von Open-Linking selbstverständlicher.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
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  • 13
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    Bessel'scher Irrgarten (2007)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: Dieser Artikel berichtet über eine erfolgreiche Schüleraktivität, die seit Jahren am Zuse-Institut Berlin (ZIB) bei Besuchen von Schülergruppen erprobt und verfeinert worden ist. Das hier zusammengestellte Material ist gedacht als Basis für eine Unterrichtseinheit in Leistungskursen Mathematik an Gymnasien. Inhaltlich wird von einem zwar für Schüler (wie auch Lehrer) neuen, aber leicht fasslichen Gegenstand ausgegangen: der Drei-Term-Rekursion für Besselfunktionen. Die Struktur wird erklärt und in ein kleines Programm umgesetzt. Dazu teilen sich die Schüler selbstorganisierend in Gruppen ein, die mit unterschiedlichen Taschenrechnern "um die Wette" rechnen. Die Schüler und Schülerinnen erfahren unmittelbar die katastrophale Wirkung von an sich kleinen'' Rundungsfehlern, sie landen -- ebenso wie der Supercomputer des ZIB -- im Bessel'schen Irrgarten''. Die auftretenden Phänomene werden mathematisch elementar erklärt, wobei lediglich auf das Konzept der linearen Unabhängigkeit zurückgegriffen wird. Das dabei gewonnene vertiefte Verständnis fließt ein in die Konstruktion eines klassischen Algorithmus sowie eines wesentlich verbesserten Horner-artigen Algorithmus.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
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  • 14
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    On the strength of cut-based inequalities for capacitated network design polyhedra (2007)
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    Publication Date: 2017-08-01
    Description: In this paper we study capacitated network design problems, differentiating directed, bidirected and undirected link capacity models. We complement existing polyhedral results for the three variants by new classes of facet-defining valid inequalities and unified lifting results. For this, we study the restriction of the problems to a cut of the network. First, we show that facets of the resulting cutset polyhedra translate into facets of the original network design polyhedra if the two subgraphs defined by the network cut are (strongly) connected. Second, we provide an analysis of the facial structure of cutset polyhedra, elaborating the differences caused by the three different types of capacity constraints. We present flow-cutset inequalities for all three models and show under which conditions these are facet-defining. We also state a new class of facets for the bidirected and undirected case and it is shown how to handle multiple capacity modules by Mixed Integer Rounding (MIR).
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    Competitive Online Multicommodity Routing (2007)
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-15
    Description: In this paper we study online multicommodity routing problems in networks, in which commodities have to be routed sequentially. The flow of each commodity can be split on several paths. Arcs are equipped with load dependent price functions defining routing costs, which have to be minimized. We discuss a greedy online algorithm that routes each commodity by minimizing a convex cost function that only depends on the demands previously routed. We present a competitive analysis of this algorithm showing that for affine linear price functions this algorithm is 4K2 (1+K)2 -competitive, where K is the number of commodities. For the single-source single-destination case, this algorithm is optimal. Without restrictions on the price functions and network, no algorithm is competitive. Finally, we investigate a variant in which the demands have to be routed unsplittably.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    Exact and Approximate Sparse Solutions of Underdetermined Linear Equations (2007)
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-15
    Description: In this paper, we empirically investigate the NP-hard problem of finding sparse solutions to linear equation systems, i.e., solutions with as few nonzeros as possible. This problem has received considerable interest in the sparse approximation and signal processing literature, recently. We use a branch-and-cut approach via the maximum feasible subsystem problem to compute optimal solutions for small instances and investigate the uniqueness of the optimal solutions. We furthermore discuss five (modifications of) heuristics for this problem that appear in different parts of the literature. For small instances, the exact optimal solutions allow us to evaluate the quality of the heuristics, while for larger instances we compare their relative performance. One outcome is that the basis pursuit heuristic performs worse, compared to the other methods. Among the best heuristics are a method due to Mangasarian and a bilinear approach.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 17
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    Reconciling Theory and Practice: A Revised Pole Equation for W-CDMA Cell Powers (2007)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: The performance evaluation of W-CDMA networks is intricate as cells are strongly coupled through interference. Pole equations have been developed as a simple tool to analyze cell capacity. Numerous scientific contributions have been made on their basis. In the established forms, the pole equations rely on strong assumptions such as homogeneous traffic, uniform users, and constant downlink orthogonality factor. These assumptions are not met in realistic scenarios. Hence, the pole equations are typically used during initial network dimensioning only. Actual network (fine-) planning requires a more faithful analysis of each individual cell's capacity. Complex analytical analysis or Monte-Carlo simulations are used for this purposes. In this paper, we generalize the pole equations to include inhomogeneous data. We show how the equations can be parametrized in a cell-specific way provided the transmit powers are known. This allows to carry over prior results to realistic settings. This is illustrated with an example: Based on the pole equation, we investigate the accuracy of average snapshot'' approximations for downlink transmit powers used in state-of-the-art network optimization schemes. We confirm that the analytical insights apply to practice-relevant settings on the basis of results from detailed Monte-Carlo simulation on realistic datasets.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    Capacitated network design using general flow-cutset inequalities (2007)
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    Publication Date: 2017-08-01
    Description: This paper deals with directed, bidirected, and undirected capacitated network design problems. Using mixed integer rounding (MIR), we generalize flow-cutset inequalities to these three link types and to an arbitrary modular link capacity structure, and propose a generic separation algorithm. In an extensive computational study on 54 instances from the Survivable Network Design Library (SNDlib), we show that the performance of cplex can significantly be enhanced by this class of cutting planes. The computations reveal the particular importance of the subclass of cutset-inequalities.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 19
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    Monte Carlo sampling of Wigner functions and surface hopping quantum dynamics (2007)
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-04
    Description: Wigner transformation provides a one-to-one correspondence between functions on position space (wave functions) and functions on phase space (Wigner functions). Weighted integrals of Wigner functions yield quadratic quantities of wave functions like position and momentum densities or expectation values. For molecular quantum systems, suitably modified classical transport of Wigner functions provides an asymptotic approximation of the dynamics in the high energy regime. The article addresses the computation of Wigner functions by Monte Carlo quadrature. An ad aption of the Metropolis algorithm for the approximation of signed measures with disconnected support is systematically tested in combination with a surface hopping algorithm for non-adiabatic quantum dynamics. The numerical experiments give expectation values and level populations with an error of two to three percent, which agrees with the theoretically expected accuracy.
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  • 20
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    Single-layer Cuts for Multi-layer Network Design Problems (2007)
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    Publication Date: 2020-11-13
    Description: We study a planning problem arising in SDH/WDM multi-layer telecommunication network design. The goal is to find a minimum cost installation of link and node hardware of both network layers such that traffic demands can be realized via grooming and a survivable routing. We present a mixed-integer programming formulation that takes many practical side constraints into account, including node hardware, several bitrates, and survivability against single physical node or link failures. This model is solved using a branch-and-cut approach with problem-specific preprocessing and cutting planes based on either of the two layers. On several realistic two-layer planning scenarios, we show that these cutting planes are still useful in the multi-layer context, helping to increase the dual bound and to reduce the optimality gaps.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 21
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    Combinatorial Online Optimization: Elevators & Yellow Angels (2007)
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    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: In \emph{classical optimization} it is assumed that full information about the problem to be solved is given. This, in particular, includes that all data are at hand. The real world may not be so nice'' to optimizers. Some problem constraints may not be known, the data may be corrupted, or some data may not be available at the moments when decisions have to be made. The last issue is the subject of \emph{online optimization} which will be addressed here. We explain some theory that has been developed to cope with such situations and provide examples from practice where unavailable information is not the result of bad data handling but an inevitable phenomenon.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 22
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    Volltextserver der Verbünde – Integrierter Zugriff auf lizenzierte Zeitschriftenartikel und freie elektronische Dokumente unter Einsatz von Suchmaschinentechnologie (2007)
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: Die Intention ist der kooperative Aufbau einer Infrastruktur durch die Bibliotheksverbünde, um den Nutzern Volltext-Angebote dauerhaft und komfortabel zur Verfügung zu stellen: Zeitschriftenartikel und elektronische Dokumente werden mittels Suchmaschinentechnologie indexiert und unter Berücksichtigung von Zugriffsrechten zugänglich gemacht. Realisiert ist dies bereits im KOBV-Volltextserver, der seit Ende 2005 im Routinebetrieb läuft. Vorstellbar ist ein überregionales Netz von Volltextservern der Verbünde, die mittels Suchmaschinentechnologie indiziert und nahtlos in das regionale und lokale Literaturangebot integriert werden. Bei den lizenzierten Materialien sind insbesondere auch die Rechte der Verlage zu wahren und entsprechende Rechtemanagement-Verfahren einzusetzen. Es gilt, transparente Verfahren zu konzipieren und umzusetzen, um für die Verlage die notwendige Vertrauensbasis zu schaffen und gleichzeitig den Einrichtungen ihren berechtigten Zugriff auf die Volltexte zu sichern. Der vorliegende Text ist die schriftliche Fassung eines Vortrages auf dem 3. Leipziger Kongress für Information und Bibliothek "Information und Ethik", der vom 19.-22. März 2007 im Congress Center Leipzig stattfand.
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    Language: German
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  • 23
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    Open Access – Aufbau, Pflege und Betrieb lokaler Publikationsserver in der KOBV-Zentrale (2007)
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: Zur Unterstützung der Bibliotheken bei ihren Open-Access-Aktivitäten betreibt die KOBV-Zentrale seit Anfang 2005 den Service "Opus- und Archivierungsdienste". Die KOBV-Zentrale agiert als Application Service Provider (ASP) für sämtliche technischen Komponenten des Publikationsprozesses, indem sie die gesamte technische Infrastruktur bereitstellt und betreibt – angefangen bei den lokalen Publikationsservern bis hin zu lokalen Repositories zur Archivierung der elektronischen Dokumente. Der vorliegende Text ist die schriftliche Fassung eines gleichnamigen Vortrages auf der 31. ASpB-Tagung "Kooperation versus Eigenprofil?" der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Spezialbibliotheken, die vom 25.-28. September 2007 in der Technischen Universität Berlin stattfand.
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    Language: German
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  • 24
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    Transparent boundary conditons for time-dependent problems (2007)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-07-07
    Description: A new approach to derive transparent boundary conditions (TBCs) for wave, Schrödinger, heat and drift-diffusion equations is presented. It relies on the pole condition and distinguishes between physical reasonable and unreasonable solutions by the location of the singularities of the spatial Laplace transform of the exterior solution. To obtain a numerical algorithm, a Möbius transform is applied to map the Laplace transform onto the unit disc. In the transformed coordinate the solution is expanded into a power series. Finally, equations for the coefficients of the power series are derived. These are coupled to the equation in the interior, and yield transparent boundary conditions. Numerical results are presented in the last section, showing that the error introduced by the new approximate TBCs decays exponentially in the number of coefficients.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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    Format: application/postscript
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  • 25
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    Adaptive Remeshing of Non-Manifold Surfaces (2007)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-07-19
    Description: We present a unified approach for consistent remeshing of arbitrary non-manifold triangle meshes with additional user-defined feature lines, which together form a feature skeleton. Our method is based on local operations only and produces meshes of high regularity and triangle quality while preserving the geometry as well as topology of the feature skeleton and the input mesh.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040101
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Land disposal of pharmaceutical manufacturing wastes (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 153-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040206
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complete biological treatment of antibiotic production wastes (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 161-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040207
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flotation of Escherichia coli with sodium chloride Presented in part at the 130th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, New York City, September 1960. This report is based on work supported by the U.S. Army Biological Laboratories, Fort Detrick, Maryland (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 211-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040211
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aeration in tower-type fermentors: Effect of tower diameter and number of aeration disksContribution No. 6866, from the Division of Applied Biology, National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 241-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The rate of oxygen absorption by aqueous sodium sulphite solutions in tower-type fermentors up to 6 in. in diameter was related both to tower diameter and to the number of sintered Pyrex disks used for dispersing air entering the towers. Maximal rates of absorption were obtained in towers 2.5 in. in diameter. Under comparable conditions, rates of oxygen transfer in towers containing one aeration disk were approximately 30% higher than those in similar towers containing two or more disks. In towers greater than 6 in. in diameter, the absorption rate was independent of vessel diameter and number of aeration disks when more than one disk was used. Bubble coalescence was the main cause of the difference in the rate of oxygen absorption.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040214
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    “Sleeve” stirrer for submerged cultures (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 299-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An aseptic agitation system for submerged culture has been devised. It consists of a stirring rod which is isolated from the interior of the culture vessel by a sleeve of flexible plastic tubing.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040305
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmaceutical waste treatment by the trickling filter, activated sludge, and compost processes (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 197-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040210
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some effects of turbine size on novobiocin fermentations (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 231-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Studies were made of oxygen transfer and power in 20-1. novobiocin fermentations with five sizes (23-60% of the tank diameter) of geometrically similar flatblade turbine impellers. The influence of changes in apparent viscosity on oxygen transfer and power was found to be related to impeller diameter. At constant agitator speed the oxygen availability rate (OAR) decreased with increase in apparent viscosity, but the magnitude of the reduction was less with a small impeller than with a large one. At constant power input the small-diameter impeller (23% of tank diameter) gave an OAR about 8 times that of the large one (60% of tank diameter) when tested in viscous beer, whereas with sulfite or yeast all impeller diameters gave the same OAR. Impeller tip velocity correlated with OAR independently of diameter for the five turbine sizes examined. The power required for optimal novobiocin yields increased with increase in turbine diameter, but the yields were independent of diameter at equal OAR.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040213
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040301
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of paper electrophoresis in studying the metabolism of pseudomonas species. I. ApparatusThis investigation represents a portion of a dissertation submitted by one of the authors (W. F. D.) in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Kentucky (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 255-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The sandwich paper electrophoresis technique, such as that of Foster (1952b), was modified to permit routine examination of as many as 15 samples of materials such as bacterial cultures, simultaneously, and with greater rapidity than with paper chromatography techniques. By the use of borate buffer at pH 9.6 with aniline hydrogen oxalate for development, materials such as glucose, fructose, 2-ketogluconic acid, and 5-ketogluconic acid could be separated in three hours.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040302
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of eburicoic acid by submerged cultures of Polyporus sulfureus (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 303-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A process has been developed whereby eburicoic acid, a triterpenoid acid, can be produced by growing Polyporus sulfureus in submerged form in either shake flasks or tank fermentors equipped with aeration and agitation systems.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040306
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  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous chemical sterilization of microbiological media with β-propiolactone (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 331-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A laboratory bench set-up for the continuous chemical sterilization of microbiological media using β-propiolactone was developed. The apparatus permits the sterilization of up to 4 liters/hr. of liquid media. The parameters of hydrolyzing time and temperature necessary to reduce the β-propiolactone to nontoxic levels were determined using a E. coli-nutrient broth system. The sterilization technique was applied successfully to a variety of media, and its potential usefulness on an industrial scale is discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040309
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flotation of Escherichia coli with some inorganic saltsPresented in part at the 130th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, New York City, September 1960. This report is based on work supported by the U. S. Army Biological Laboratories, Fort Detrick, Maryland (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 223-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040212
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A modified adsorption method for determining percentage of dead yeast cells (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 247-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The adsorption of methylene blue from different aqueous solutions by dead yeast cells follows Freundlich's law when the percentage of dead cells varies from 0 to 100. When the Fink and Kühles methylene blue was used, there was observed a linear relation between the percentage of dead cells and the dye concentration at the equilibrium. The experimental errors were measured. A simpler and more precise colorimetric method for determining the percentage of dead yeast cells is deseribed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040215
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fermentation of long-chain compounds by Torulopsis magnoliae. II. Factors influencing production of hydroxy fatty acid glycosidesPresented in part at the 140th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Chicago, Illinois, September 3-8, 1961. Issued as N.R.C. No. 6929 (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 271-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A strain of Torulopsis magnoliae, an osmophilic yeast isolated from flowers, produced an extracellular hydroxy fatty acid glycoside of sophorose which was easily recoverable as a heavier-than-water “oil”. The yield of this product was greatly increased and the nature of the hydroxy fatty acid portion of the molecule was modified, within limits, by the addition of fatty acid esters, hydrocarbons, or glycerides. Yields of hydroxy fatty acids of up to 90% of the substrate added were achieved. Commercially available substrates such as tall oil fatty acids, molasses, and corn steep liquor could be used. Good aeration was necessary, and control of the concentration of nitrogenous substrates and of temperature improved the yields.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040303
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  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volume increase of kernels of corn and sorghum accompanying absorption of liquid water (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 311-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The linearity between weight and volume increases, which takes place when kernels of corn and sorghum are immersed in water, was established experimentally. The rate of volume increase was correlated according to an equation analogous to the diffusion equation. The coefficients of volume increase obeyed the Arrehenius equation. The results would be of practical value in designing steeping vessels, as well as of theoretical interest in elucidating the mechanism of water diffusion in cereal grains.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040307
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  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040401
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  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mean light intensity - a useful concept in correlating growth rates of dense cultures of microalgae (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 377-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An analysis of the distribution of light within some culture vessels developed at General Dynamics/Electric Boat is presented. The concept of a mean effective light intensity, Ē, is introduced and procedures are developed for computing Ē for any culture vessel geometry and incident light intensity distribution. A correlation is performed indicating the significance of Ēin assessing the growth rate of dense, continuous cultures of microalagae.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040404
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  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass cultivation of algae in pure heavy waterBased on work performed under the auspices of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 281-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Strains of the green algae Scenedesmus obliquus, Chlorella vulgaris, and C. pyrenoidosa 7-11-05, and of the blue-green algae Fremyella diplosiphon, Plectonema calothricoides, Phormidium luridum, and Synechococcus lividus have been mass cultured autotrophically in essentially pure D2O. Closed Lucite rocking-box units containing 5 liters of culture media can produce 1 to 2 g. (dry weight) per day of fully deuteriated algae or of fully deuteriated, fully 15N-substituted algae. Racks for six such culture units are readily constructed from commerically available parts. Operation has been routine and essentially trouble-free. The algae produced have proved to be an excellent source of completely isotopically substituted metabolites.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040304
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plastic ampoules for liquid smallpox vaccine (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 323-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Manufacturing of plastic (PVC) single-dose ampoules for liquid smallpox vaccine is described. The green stained vaccine is injected in polyvinyl chloride tubes which are then sealed by high frequency welding to make ampoules of 16 mm. length. The tendency for desiccation of the filled vaccine at elevated temperature is considered as an advantage, since it provides a visible indication of previous improper storage. The ampoule is opened by cutting with scissors and vaccine is squeezed out directly on the skin.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040308
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  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the ionic concentration of nebulized suspensions on stability of microbial aerosols (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 341-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper shows that the ionic concentration of a cell suspension submitted to nebulization has a marked influence on the stability of the produced aerosol.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040310
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  • 47
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    Some effects of microbial growths on surfactant properties of fuelsPresented at the “Symposium on Microbial Transformations of Hydrocarbons,” 142nd National Meeting of American Chemical Society, Atlantic City, New Jersey, September 1962. (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 357-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fungi and bacteria taken from fuel systems were allowed to grow in jet fuel (or hydrocarbon)-salt solution mixtures and the layers were analyzed for surfactant properties. The fuels included both JP-4 and JP-5 types and an alkylate bottom fraction. Controlled surface activity was imparted to some samples by adding minute quantities of either petroleum sulfonates or petroleum naphthenates. Analyses after growth periods of 2 to 14 weeks failed to show any significant increases in the surface active properties of any fuel or hydrocarbon sample. In all cases, there was either little change or else the surfactant effect was reduced slightly. Opposed to these findings, examination of the aqueous bottoms revealed that microbial growths did effect increases in their surface active properties.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040402
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  • 48
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    A new technique for counting colonies developed on membrane filters (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 411-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040407
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  • 49
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    Carbon balance in high rate dissimilation of acetic acid in semicontinuous methane fermentation (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 105-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The nature of anaerobic methane fermentation has been studied extensively over a period of about three years by means of 10-l. semicontinuous fermenters, with ethyl alcohol and calcium acetate as carbon and energy sources. The inoculum for the two systems was isolated by enrichment techniques from primary sewage sludge and used to initiate the processes. No subsequent seeding was necessary. The fermentation was started with a substrate carbon concentration of 50 mmole/l. which was gradually increased to 400 mmole/l.; this means that an increase of substrate level from 3000 ppm to 24,000 ppm of acetate and from 2300 to 18400 ppm of alcohol medium were effected during the study. Such high acetate tolerance of the methane organism does not appear to have been reported before; it was the results of adaptation by the organisms in a semicontinuous culture for a period of 30 months. Effect of supplementary available nitrogen on the rate of gas production at different carbon levels (acetate) was also studied. It was found from the gas analyses that CH4: CO2 ratios were always more than 2 to 3 times the theoretical values, when acetate was used as substrate carbon. At some stages of acetate breakdown the concentration of hydrogen in the gaseous products was found to be as high as 8-9%, a very significant feature of this fermentation. Although sulphate ions were carefully excluded from the constitutents of the media (Analytical reagent chemicals and double-distilled water used throughout) during the period of study (30 months), contaminants later identified as Desulphovibrio desulphuricans were found throughout the study. Morphological study of the organisms reveal that they are short rods appearing in individual or chain form, highly motile, gram-positive and nonflagellated, similar to Methanobacterium söhngenii Barker.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040113
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    Editorial (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 1-3 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040102
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  • 51
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    Submerged citric acid fermentation of ferrocyanide-treated cane molassesContribution from the Division of Applied Biology, National Research Council, Ottawa 2, Canada. Issued as N.R.C. No. 6722 (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 17-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ferrocyanide-treated cane molasses was fermented in 2.5-l. Pyrex tower fermenters using pellets of Aspergillus niger, grown in beet molasses, as an inoculum. The success of the process depended on accurate control of the ferrocyanide concentration in the fermentation mash. Highest yields (up to 80% conversion of available sugar in 8 days) were obtained when the ferrocyanide concentration was 20 p.p.m. at the start of fermentation and then increased to 80-150 p.p.m. at the 24-hr. period. Addition of phosphate, nitrate, or methanol to fermentation mash did not increase rate of acid production or final yield.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040104
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    Design and operation of a pilot-plant fermentor for the continuous propagation of filamentous microorganisms (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 5-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A multi-stage pilot fermentor was designed which consists of nine stainless steel cylindrical compartments 2 ft. in length and 8 in. in diameter, joined end to end, giving a tube with a total length of 18 ft. The whole apparatus was mounted with its axis in a horizontal plane. Each compartment was sealed off from its neighboring compartment by a separatory plate having a 1-in. overflow hole in the upper half. Shafts 9½ feet long extended from each end of the fermentor through the compartments to the center. Agitation was provided by a multitude of stainless steel blades mounted at right angles to the shafts and spaced at regular intervals along the shafts. Stationary, stainless steel comb-shaped baffle plates were installed vertically at the bottom of each compartment to increase mixing efficiency. Constant leaving and re-entering of the fermentation liquor by the blades upon rotation imparts a shattering of the liquid surface thus preventing the accumulation of mycelial aggregates on the walls above the fermentation liquor. The mechanical performance of the described fermentor has proved excellent and several trial fermentations (antibiotic formation and steroid bioconversion) are described.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040103
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    1-dehydrogenation of steroids by Septomyxa affinis (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 57-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: 1-Dehydrogenation of steroids by Septomyxa affinis is brought about by an inducible enzyme. Only soluble substrate steroid is attacked. Individual steroids are dehydrogenated at different relative rates. The pH-activity curve is shallow.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040108
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  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of ethylene glycol in counter flow electrophoresis and in cold concentration of DNA and protein solutions (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 53-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Counter flow electrophoresis was adapted for temperatures down to -5°C. by the use of ethylene glycol. A method is described for evaporation of water solutions containing ethylene glycol at temperatures between -5 and -10°iC. without ice formation. These measures were found not to affect the transforming activity (two markers) of Bacillus subtilis DNA.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040107
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  • 55
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    An apparatus for aeration of tissue cells in suspended culture with controlled gas mixtures (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 79-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An apparatus is described for the aeration of a series of tissue cultures at rates which may be varied independently for each vessel. The composition of the aerating gas can be adjusted to any desired percentages of CO2 and O2. While designed particularly for study of the aeration requirements of submerged tissue growth, the equipment is equally adaptable for study of submerged growth of bacterial and other systems. The apparatus has been designed for future scale-up and is adaptable to both the overlay and bubble-through types of aeration. Flow rates necessary for producing mixtures of 5.0% CO2 and 95.0% air or 5.6% CO2, 14.0% O2, and 80.4% nitrogen are given. The described system has been operated satisfactorily and has proved to be an inexpensive and useful research tool.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040110
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  • 56
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    Improved shaken flask performance (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 99-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aeration in shaken flasks appears to take place primarily by absorption of oxygen in the thin film of fluid deposited on the flask walls. Marked improvement in aeration efficiency can be had by breaking up these films with an independent baffling surface. This improvement can be combined with an improved closure to give uniform and efficient shaken flask aeration.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040112
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  • 57
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    Application of waste-to-product ratios in the fermentation industries (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 129-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040203
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  • 58
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    Laboratory testing of pharmaceutical wastes for biological control (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 139-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040204
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  • 59
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    Pharmaceutical waste disposal by soil injection (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 147-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040205
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  • 60
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    Biological treatment of pharmaceutical wastes (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 171-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040208
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  • 61
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    Complete mixing activated sludge treatment of antibiotic wastes (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 181-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040209
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  • 62
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    Microbial degradation of asphaltPresented at the 142nd National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Atlantic City, New Jersey, September, 1962. (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 369-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: It would appear from these data that indeed asphalt degradation by bacteria does occur and can be rather rapid under laboratory conditions. The types of bacteria capable of degrading asphalt are diverse. The effects of temperature, pH, and oxygen tension on asphalt degradation are important but not always critical. The optimum conditions vary for different organisms. There are differences in the mechanisms of asphalt assimilation and degradation. There is a specificity of action by different bacteria which most likely involves the chemical components of the asphalts and the enzymatic action of the microorganism.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040403
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  • 63
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    Fractionation of cell constituents of Bacillus megaterium in a polymer two-phase system (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 403-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The distribution of various cell constituents of Bacillus megaterium has been studied in an aqueous two-phase system containing the two polymers dextran and polythylene glycol. The difference in behaviour between cell walls, lipid granules and soluble cell material are such that a considerable fractionation of a suspension of disrupted cells may be obtained after a few counter-current distributions. A mixture of whole cells and protoplasts can also be fractionated in this phase system. If sodium chloride is added to the phase system, vegetative cells and spores can be separated from each other.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040406
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  • 64
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    Microbial production of amino acids. I. The synthesis of lysine and threonine by ustilago species (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 23-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The ability of a number of Ustilago species, especially Ustilago maydis (DC.) Cda., to produce lysine and threonine was investigated. The organisms were grown in shake flasks or in 10-l. fermentors. Lysine and threonine were found to be excreted into the medium both in the free and bound form. The bound amino acids could be released by acid hydrolysis or by enzymes from autolyzed cells. The optimal conditions for the release by autolysis were, in the case of Ustilago maydis (DC.) Cda., pH 4.3 and 45°C. An enzyme that could liberate lysine from the bound form(s) occurring in the broth was extracted from cells of Ustilago maydis (DC.) Cda. It exhibited an apparent pH optimum near 4.0. The effect of pH and temperature during the growth phase on the yield of lysine and threonine was studied in 10-l. fermentations.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040105
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  • 65
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    Microbial production of amino acids. II. The influence of carbon and nitrogen sources and metal ions on growth of Ustilago maydis (DC.) Cda. and on lysine and threonine production (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 37-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The ability of Ustilago maydis (DC.) Cda. to grow and to produce lysine and threonine was investigated in shake flask cultures. Growth and production of lysine and threonine increased markedly when aeration was increased. The optimal ratio of glucose to diammonium phosphate in the medium seemed to be approximately 10:1. Ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, urea, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and glycine were readily used as nitrogen sources. Growth and amino acid production was poor on ammonium carbonate, ammonium acetate, ammonium citrate, trimethylamine, and betaine.U. maydis (DC.) Cda. was found to grow on a number of different carbohydrates. Besides D-glucose the organism could utilize D-mannose, D-galactose, D-fructose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-ribose, sucrose, maltose, and the polyalcoholes D-sorbitol, D-mannitol, and i-inositol. Pectin, dextrin, and corn starch treated with α-amylase could also be used but not untreated corn starch or lactose, cellobiose, D-sedoheptulose, glycerol, or D-glucosamine. The formation of lysine and threonine was better with disaccharides and hexoses than with pentoses.No specific effects on the formation of lysine and threonine could be observed from changes in the concentration of calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, zinc, iron, copper, manganese, cobalt, or molybdenum. The requirement of metal ions for growth is discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040106
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  • 66
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    Kinetics of 1-dehydrogenation of steroids by Septomyxa affinis (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 65-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mathematical models for the kinetics of 1-dehydrogenation of steroids by Septomyxa affinis are considered. A model providing for product inhibition fits experimental data best. Product inhibition was also demonstrated directly.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040109
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  • 67
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    Effect of UV-irradiated nitrogen gas on biological nitrogen fixation in batch cultures of Azotobacter vinelandii (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 87-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In batch cultures of Azotobacter vinelandii exposed to air and ultraviolet-irradiated nitrogen, an increases in nitrogen fixation, compared to that of cultures exposed to air and non-irradiated nitrogen, has been noted. This supports the hypothesis that an ionized nitrogen molecule is important for the biological nitrogen fixation.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040111
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  • 68
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    Masthead (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040201
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  • 69
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    Introductory remarks on symposium on fermentation waste disposal (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 127-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040202
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  • 70
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    Automatic control of dissolved oxygen levels in fermentations (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 345-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Dissolved oxygen levels in fermentation systems are affected by (a) gas flow rate, (b) degree of agitation, and (c) oxygen partial pressure in the gas. Since the first two variables cannot easily be separated, a method for dissolved oxygen control has been devised based on the variation of oxygen partial pressure in the gas. Oxygen and nitrogen are fed to a special mixing valve capable of varying the proportions of the two gases while keeping the total flow rate constant. A dissolved oxygen electrode and control system adjust the valve setting to automatically maintain a preset oxygen level. Oxygen analyzers, monitoring the inlet and outlet gas streams, provide additional information from which oxygen absorption and uptake rates may be determined. The system provides a means for the quantitative and independent study of aeration and agitation effects. In addition, it offers a basis for routine control of oxygen levels in plant fermentation equipment.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040311
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  • 71
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    The effect of antimetabolities on the biosynthesis of tetracyclinesPresented at the meeting of the American Chemical Society, Atlantic City, New Jersey, September, 1962. (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 391-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040405
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  • 72
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    Neues aus der Chemie der organischen Ringsysteme mit Urotropin(Adamantan)-Struktur (1962)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 74 (1962), S. 361-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Seit der zusammenfassenden Darstellung [1] des Themas im Jahre 1954 wuchs die Chemie der organischen Verbindungen mit Urotropin-Struktur durch eigene Arbeiten und die Arbeiten anderer Arbeitskreise erheblich an Umfang und Bedeutung. Die Zahl der bekannten Ringsysteme dieser Struktur ist seit 1954 von 13 auf 22 gestiegen. Im gleichen Zeitraum hat sich die Zahl der bekannten Verbindungen mit Urotropin-Struktur mehr als verdreifacht. Es erscheint gerechtfertigt, die neuen Ergebnisse zusammenfassend darzustellen. Wie in der 1954 gegebenen Zusammenfassung wurde auf eine lückenlose Darstellung besonderer Wert gelegt.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19620741102
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    Grundlagen der Anstrichwissenschaft, von A. V. Blom. Band VIII der Reihe „Lehrbücher und Monographien aus dem Gebiet der Exakten Wissenschaften“. Birkhäuser-Verlag, Basel 1954. 1. Aufl., 386 S., 171 Abb., 106 Tab., geb. DM 44.70 (1962)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 74 (1962), S. 360-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19620741018
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    Rundschau (1962)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 74 (1962), S. 392-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19620741114
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  • 75
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    Neuere Methoden der präparativen organischen Chemie IV Synthesen mit heterocyclischen Amiden (Azoliden)Erscheint mit ausführlichen Arbeitsvorschriften in: Neuere Methoden der präparativen organischen Chemie. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim/Bergstr., Band IV.Herrn Professor Dr. Dr. h. c. Georg Wittig zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1962)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 74 (1962), S. 407-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 13 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19620741203
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  • 76
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    Brenzcatechinamin-Freisetzung durch Calcium (1962)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 74 (1962), S. 434-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19620741218
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  • 77
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    Trennung von Anionen durch Verteilung (1962)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 74 (1962), S. 435-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19620741223
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  • 78
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    Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker in Wiesbaden. Röntgen-Mikroanalyse (1962)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 74 (1962), S. 435-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19620741220
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  • 79
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    Umsetzung von Chlorsilanen mit Divers'schen Lösungen (1962)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 74 (1962), S. 468-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19620741312
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  • 80
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    Gmelins Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie, 8., völlig neu bearbeitete Auflage. Herausgegeben vom Gmelin-Institut für anorganische Chemie und Grenzgebiete in der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften. Begonnen von R. J. Meyer, fortgeführt von E. H. Erich Pietsch. Verlag Chemie, GmbH., Weinheim/Bergstraße (1962)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 74 (1962), S. 393-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19620741115
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  • 81
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    Die chemischen Grundlagen der griechischen VasenmalereiNach Vorträgen vor der Deutschen Keramischen Gesellschaft in Köln am 2. Oktober 1961 und vor der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften am 13. Januar 1962.Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Georg Wittig zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1962)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 74 (1962), S. 397-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die schwarz- und rotfigurigen Vasen waren in der klassischen Zeit ein wichtiger Exportartikel Griechenlands und insbesondere Athens zum Ausgleich für den Getreideimport. Das Pigment des Rot war stets Fe2O3, das des Schwarz Fe3O4. Für die Gefäße wurde ein sorgfältig ausgewählter eisenhaltiger Ton verwendet, der sich auf einer einfachen Drehscheibe von Hand formen ließ. Der gebrannte Scherben gab im Normalfall das Rot der Vasen. Für die Schwarzmalerei und für die gelegentlich angewendete Rotmalerei (Intentional Red) wurde ein Schlicker aus feinst geschlämmtem Ton aufgemalt. Gebrannt wurde zwischen 800 und 900°C erst oxydierend, dann reduzierend und zuletzt noch einmal oxydierend. Aus den Reproduktionen von Adam Winter ist zu schließen, daß für die Schwarzmalerei ein illitischer Ton verwendet wurde, dessen Gehalt an K2O die Malschicht beim reduzierenden Brand dicht sintern ließ, während für die Rotmalerei ein K2O-armer kaolinitischer Ton diente, der bei der Reduktion porös blieb und wie der Scherben bei der Reoxydation wieder oxydiert wurde. Für die Terra sigillata der Römer wurde die gesamte Oberfläche der Gefäße mit einem Tonschlicker überzogen, der bei höherer Brenntemperatur oxydierend dicht gebrannt wurde, so daß die Gefäße brauchbare Eßgeschirre gaben.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19620741202
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    Elektronenemission kristallwasser-abgebender Stoffe (1962)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 74 (1962), S. 471-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19620741323
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  • 83
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    Electronic Resource
    Explosion durch Tropylium-perchlorat (1962)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 74 (1962), S. 488-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19620741405
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  • 84
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    Zur Struktur der CO2-BiotinenzymeProf. Dr. Dr. h. c. Georg Wittig zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet. (1962)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 74 (1962), S. 432-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19620741212
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  • 85
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    Dünnschichtchromatographie beim toxikologischen Schlafmittelnachweis (1962)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 74 (1962), S. 433-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19620741216
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  • 86
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    Electronic Resource
    Enzym-Modelle (1962)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 74 (1962), S. 434-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19620741219
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  • 87
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    Konstitutionsanalyse von Legierungen (1962)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 74 (1962), S. 435-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19620741222
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  • 88
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    β-Lactame, Polymerisation und Verwendung als FaserrohstoffeNach einem Vortrag auf der Tagung der GDCh-Fachgruppe „Kunststoffe und Kautschuk“ am 9. April 1962 in Bad Nauheim (1962)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 74 (1962), S. 523-530 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: β-Lactame sind außer durch Cyclisierung von β-Aminosäureestern neuerdings aus Olefinen durch Anlagerung von N-Carbonyl-sulfamidsäurechlorid sowie durch Reaktion von Aldehyden mit N-Carbonyl-sulfamidsäurechlorid und Keten zugänglich geworden. Durch kondensierende oder anionische Polymerisation erhält man aus diesen Lactamen Polyamide, welche Amidgruppen in wesentlich dichterer Folge enthalten als Produkte vom Nylon-6-Typ. Die neuen Polymeren stehen damit der Naturseide näher. Sie können aus Lösung zu Fasern und Folien verarbeitet werden.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19620741502
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  • 89
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    Copolymere und Fasern aus VinylidendicarbonitrilVortrag auf der Tagung der GDCh-Fachgruppe „Kunststoffe und Kautschuk“ am 10. April 1962 in Bad Nauheim (1962)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 74 (1962), S. 545-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Vinylidendicarbonitril (Vinylidencyanid) zeigt bei radikalisch gestarteter Copolymerisation eine viel stärkere Neigung zur Bildung von alternierend aufgebauten 1:1-Copolymeren als Acrylnitril. Während Polyvinylidencyanid trotz der molekularen Symmetrie nicht kristallisiert, sind alternierende Copolymere, vor allem mit Butadien, Isopren, Isobutylen und Vinylidenchlorid, leicht kristallisierbar. Aus höherschmelzenden Copolymeren wurden Fasern hergestellt und auf ihre physikalischen Eigenschaften geprüft. Besonders Fasern aus den Copolymeren mit Vinylacetat und Vinylchlorid zeigen im nassen und im trockenen Zustand ein hervorragendes elastisches Verhalten. Die Faser aus dem alternierend aufgebauten Copolymeren von Vinylidencyanid und Vinylacetat (Darvan®-Nytrilfaser) ist nur mäßig orientiert und zeichnet sich durch Weichheit, gute elastische Erholung und Sprungelastizität im trockenen und nassen Zustand aus.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19620741506
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  • 90
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    Darstellung von 5-Aminozuckern und deren Umwandlung in Pyridinderivate (1962)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 74 (1962), S. 585-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19620741513
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  • 91
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    Synthese in der Griseofulvin-Reihe 6′ -Desmethyl-griseofulvin (1962)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 74 (1962), S. 586-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19620741515
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  • 92
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    Polymerisation von Cyclosilazanen (1962)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 74 (1962), S. 588-588 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19620741519
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  • 93
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    β-Asp1, Val5-Hypertensin II, ein Hypertensin-Analoges besonders hoher biologischer Aktivität (1962)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 74 (1962), S. 469-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19620741316
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  • 94
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    Electronic Resource
    Irreversible Formänderungen bei α↔γ-Umwandlungen des Eisens (1962)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 74 (1962), S. 470-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19620741320
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  • 95
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    Electronic Resource
    Internationale Gesellschaft für Fettforschung London, 9.-13. April 1962 (1962)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 74 (1962), S. 471-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19620741324
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    Steroide von L. F. Fieser und M. Fieser, übersetzt von H. Grünewald. Verlag Chemie, GmbH., Weinheim/Bergstr. 1961. 1. Aufl., XIX, 1065 S., 27 Abb., 70 Tab., 1 Beilage, geb. DM 85.- (1962)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 74 (1962), S. 476-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19620741328
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  • 97
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    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1962)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 74 (1962) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19620741401
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  • 98
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    Kleine Ringe mit Kohlenstoff-Dreifachbindung (1962)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 74 (1962), S. 479-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In den letzten Jahren sind zahlreiche Ringgerüste mit einer Dreifachbindung studiert worden, so Cycloalkine, Heterocyclen mit Dreifachbindung und speziell das Dehydrobenzol. Bislang ist es noch nicht gelungen, das Dehydrobenzol in Substanz zu fassen; die Möglichkeiten dazu werden dargelegt.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19620741402
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    Eine einheitliche Darstellung der optischen Anisotropie von Folien und FasernVortrag auf der Tagung der GDCh-Fachgruppe „Kunststoffe und Kautschuk“ am 11. April 1962 in Bad Nauheim. (1962)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 74 (1962), S. 574-580 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Hilfsmittel zur Charakterisierung der mechanischen Eigenschaften von Folien und Fasern ist die Doppelbrechung, die durch die Orientierung der Moleküle des Polymeren verursacht wird. Zur Auswertung der Messungen werden die Ergebnisse in einem Netz von gleichseitigen Dreiecken graphisch dargestellt. Auf übersichtliche Weise kann der ein- oder zweiachsige Doppelbrechungszustand abgelesen werden und also der Einfluß der Prozeßvariablen auf die Doppelbrechung verfolgt werden. Die angewendeten Meßmethoden werden kurz besprochen und einige Resultate von Messungen an Fasern, Cellulose- und Polyesterfolien werden in der erwähnten Graphik gezeigt. An Hand einer spannungsoptischen Betrachtung wird eine qualitative Erklärung der gegenseitigen Lage der Meßpunkte in der Graphik gegeben. Zur Unterstützung des Vorstellungsvermögens wurde ein Modell der zu den verschiedenen Doppelbrechungszuständen gehörenden Orientierung angefertigt. Wenn man annimmt, daß die Kettenelemente rotations-symmetrische Polarisierbarkeit in bezug auf die primären Bindungen besitzen, kann man den Orientierungszustand auf einer Einheitskugel notieren. Diese Kugeln werden an den zugehörigen Stellen auf dem Rahmen der Doppelbrechungsgraphik angeordnet.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19620741510
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    Electronic Resource
    Zur Synthese von Bicyclo-[3.1.1]-heptanonen (1962)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 74 (1962), S. 587-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19620741517
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