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  • 1975-1979  (1.303)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1960-1964
  • 1920-1924
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  • 1976  (1.303)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (572)
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  • Engineering General  (143)
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  • 1975-1979  (1.303)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1960-1964
  • 1920-1924
  • 1905-1909
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 24 (1976), S. 403-421 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Lateral reticular nucleus ; Cerebellum ; Cat ; Experimental anatomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The fiber projection from the lateral reticular nucleus (LRN) to the cerebellum was examined in the cat. Electrolytic lesions were placed in a confined area of the LRN using a parapharyngeal approach, and the ensuing degeneration was studied in sections stained by the Nauta and the Fink-Heimer methods. Fibers from the LRN ascend the ipsilateral restiform body, terminating bilaterally but chiefly in the ipsilateral cerebellum. In the ipsilateral cortex projections were found to lobules I to V, with denser terminations in sublobules IVb to Ve. The projections are stronger in the intermediate-lateral zones than in the vermis proper. There is also a dense projection to sublobules VId and VIf and to the medialmost part of the simple lobule (HVI). Scanty termination was seen in the medialmost part of crus I. There is a moderate projection to the caudalmost folium of sublobule VIIb and to the rostral folia of sublobule VIIIa and the paramedian lobule. The contralateral projection by fibers crossed within the cerebellum is far less dense but clearcut in the anterior lobe, the rostral folia of lobule VI and the medial part of the simple lobule. In the ipsilateral nuclei strong projections were found to rostral portions of the medial nucleus (M) and the caudal two thirds of the anterior interpositus nucleus (IA) with predominance in the lateral part of the latter. A focal projection was found to rostrodorsal portions of the posterior interpositus nucleus (IP). No projection was found to the lateral nucleus (L). Contralaterally there is a weak projection to the rostral part of M and the medial parts of IA and IP.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 26 (1976), S. 1-17 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Medial geniculate body ; Neuronal geometry ; Synaptic triplets ; Cat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Golgi and electron microscopic analysis of the known cellular layers in concentric shells of the ventro-lateral portion of the medial geniculate body revealed a flat grid of high density neuropil filling the space between the geniculocortical relay cells, forming essentially a single cell layer in each lamina. The “skeleton” of this neuropil grid is made up by the interdigitating dendritic tufts of the geniculocortical relay cells, joined together by a rich system of desmosomoid adhesion plaques. The “holes” of the “skeleton” are filled in by the multilobed dendritic appendages of Golgi type II interneurons and the grape-like terminals of the inferior collicular specific afferents. Additional axon terminals of other sources — terminals of descending corticogenicular fibers, axons of the Golgi type II interneurons and terminals of the initial collaterals of the geniculocortical relay cells — contribute only to a very insignificant fraction of neuropil volume. The Golgi type II interneurons are oriented in perpendicular direction to the cell layers so that they may bridge with their dendrites several successive layers. Although the general expression “synaptic glomeruli” used in other relay nuclei for this type of specific synaptic arrangement is hardly applicable to this grid-like neuropil, the essential synaptic articulation pattern of all thalamic relay nuclei is well maintained. The specific inferior collicular afferents are presynaptic to both relay cell dendrites and to the multilobed dendritic appendages of Golgi type II cells, which in turn are presynaptic to the same dendritic regions of the relay cells receiving the bulk of the specific afferents.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus ; Retinal projection ; Cat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The retinal projection to the ventral part of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNv) was studied in 25 adult cats. In 12 cats one or both eyes were enucleated and the terminal degeneration in the LGNv was studied with silver impregnation methods. In 12 cats one or both eyes were injected with 3H-leucine and the terminal labelling in the LGNv was studied with autoradiography. In one animal one eye was enucleated and the other injected. In this case alternate sections were silver impregnated and processed for autoradiography. The series were cut in parasagittal, transverse or horizontal planes. The results revealed by degeneration were in very good agreement with those revealed by axoplasmic protein tracing. Two fields of retinal projection were found in the LGNv. The larger, dorsal one was restricted to subnucleus d (Jordan and Holländer, 1972) and comprised an ipsilateral and a contralateral component which did not overlap each other. The smaller, ventral field of projection was contralateral and extended from subnucleus b into c, e and a. The afferent optic tract fibres to both terminal fields were of small calibers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Slowly and rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors ; Sinus hairs ; Somatosensory cortex ; Cat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Responses in the somatosensory cortical area S I to stimulation of facial sinus hairs were recorded in the anaesthetized cat and compared with activity in primary afferent fibres innervating vibrissae follicles. The specific cortical vibrissa area is somatotopically organized; 39% of the cortical units in that area responded to stimulation of only a single sinus hair but in some cases all maxillary vibrissae activated a single cortical neurone. The responses consisted of three major groups; either a phasic discharge in response to the movement part of a stimulus, or an additional tonic discharge related to the steady period of vibrissa deflection, or a tonic discharge. On the basis of a comparison of response and excitability characteristics of primary afferent and cortical neurones it is concluded that all four kinds of peripheral units innervating sinus hair follicles project to the somatosensory cortical area S I. It appears from these findings that some cortical neurones receive a specific input related to a particular component of the complex primary afferent response in fibres innervating sinus hair follicles. The results are discussed with respect to previous reports on the central representation of facial sinus hairs in different species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 26 (1976), S. 299-318 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Cat ; Trigeminal motor nucleus ; Supra- and intertrigeminal nuclei ; Topographical localization ; Focal potentials
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Extracellular focal potentials were evoked and mapped in the trigeminal motor nucleus and its surrounding borderzone in the cat. Graded electrical stimulation was used for orthodromic and antidromic excitation of the masseteric and digastric motoneurones and for orthodromic stimulation of the lingual and inferior alveolar nerves. The method of referring Horsley Clarke coordinates of microelectrode recording positions to their location of the actual histological section was studied and the total error affecting the method was calculated for the H, AP and L axes. The characteristics and the distribution of the evoked focal potentials were described and related to the histological section from the actual experiment. A phase reversal of the negative focal potential evoked by the lingual and inferior alveolar nerves in the main sensory nucleus and in the intertrigeminal nucleus was observed to indicate the dorso-lateral border of the motor nucleus. Other borders were given by the antidromic potentials evoked in the nucleus. Digastric motoneurones were found medially in the caudal third and ventro-medially in the middle third of the motor nucleus. The masseteric motoneurones were located laterally in the middle and rostral thirds of the nucleus. Potentials evoked in the supratrigeminal and intertrigeminal subnuclei, adjacent to the motor nucleus, were considered and discussed in relation to the available evidence of interneurones subserving trigeminal reflex arcs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 169 (1976), S. 83-91 
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Schlagwort(e): Large intestine ; Gastrointestinal motility ; Electromyography ; Circadian rhythm ; Cat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Since circadian patterns of colonic motility are largely unknown the electrical activity of the colon musculature was recorded in 6 unanesthetized cats during day and night. All parts of the colon exhibited 6 patterns of electrical activity: spikes, oscillations, omnipresent regular slow waves, and three composite patterns, i.e. a minute-rhythmic activity, activity complexes of 1 to 18 minute duration and a nyctohemeral pattern. The circadian rhythm was different between the proximal and distal colon resulting in activity gradients. These were directed in an aborad direction from 7 to 9 a.m. and from 9 p.m. to midnight. Most of the defecations of the 6 cats occured in the late evening until 1 a.m. Spike activity of the distal colon predominated from 3 to 4 a.m. and from 11 a.m. to 5 p.m. It is concluded that a circadian rhythm exists in the motility of the cat colon. Differences in the activity between the proximal and the distal colon and resulting activity gradients may offer an explanation for the influences of the time of day on the timing of defecations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 149 (1976), S. 1-13 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Postnatal development ; Cat ; Visual system ; Lateral geniculate nucleus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The postnatal growth of the dorsal part of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd) is studied in paraffin sections through the brains of 32 cats of known age. The changes in shape and position of the LGNd are described and it is shown that its volume increases from about 3.4 mm3 at birth to about 26.4 mm3 in the adult cat. When this value is corrected for shrinkage, the volume of the LGNd in the adult cat turns out to be about 44 mm3. The detailed measurements reveal that during the second and third week of postnatal life there is a particularly steep increase in volume and that the final values are already reached at around the 40th day. Concomitant with the increase in volume there is a decrease of the number of cells per unit volume of grey matter. In the binocular segment of lamina A the number of cells decreases from about 470 per (0.1 mm)3 at birth to between 95 and 130 per (0.1 mm)3 in the adult cat. Separate measurements of nerve cells and neuroglial cells indicate that the absolute number of nerve cells remains fairly constant during postnatal life, whereas between the second and sixth week a great number of neuroglial cells are newly formed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 25 (1976), S. 231-246 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Intralaminar system of thalamus ; Visual orientation ; Contrast perception ; Cat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Electrical stimulation with repetitive pulses (6/sec) was applied to the internal medullary lamina and produced tonic contraversive turning movements of eyes and head which were associated with recruiting responses in the visual cortex. Optical gratings of a spatial frequency of 0.5 c/deg which alternated with diffuse illumination of equal intensity were then presented to the animal during conjugated adversive eye movements induced by intralaminar stimulation with continuous sine-wave alternating currents of 5000 c.p.s. The head of the animal was fixed except for rotation in the horizontal plane. Prior to intralaminar stimulation it was turned in the direction opposite to the induced eye movements so that the animal always viewed the central area of the screen. The potential recorded in the visual cortex in response to the gratings consisted of an initial positive-negative potential of the order of 20 μV followed by later deflections of irregular shape. The size of this initial potential was measured during induced gazing and in the absence of intralaminar stimulation. A significantly greater potential in response to the gratings was found during gazing. Diminishing the visual acuity of the animal resulted in a marked decrease of the initial potential and in this condition very little increase was obtained during gazing. No enhancement of the potential was seen when stimulation was applied to other thalamic structures that yielded no visual orientation. It is concluded that perception of contrast is improved during visual orientation and that the effect is due to a concomitant activation of unspecific intralaminar afferents to the visual cortex.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 25 (1976), S. 291-306 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Lateral geniculate ; Eye movements ; Frontal eye field ; Cat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Effects of electrical stimulation of the frontal eye field (FEF) upon activities of the lateral geniculate body (LG) were studied in encéphale isolé cats. In some experiments the effects were examined by recording field responses of the dorsal nucleus of LG (LGd) and the visual cortex (VC) to electrical stimulation of the optic chiasm (OX). Conditioning repetitive stimulation of FEF exerted no significant effects on the r1 wave of LGd responses but had a facilitatory effect on the r2 wave. FEF-induced facilitation of VC responses was prominent in the late postsynaptic components. These effects had latencies of 50–100 msec and durations of 200–500 msec. Transection of the midbrain showed that most of the FEF-effect was not mediated via the brainstem reticular formation. Extracellular unitary recordings were made from 125 neurons, of which 91 were LGd neurons, 23 neurons of the caudal part of the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRc) and 11 neurons of the ventral nucleus of LG (LGv). In 30 of 87 LGd relay neurons FEF stimuli increased response probabilities to OX stimuli and their spontaneous discharges. These FEF-facilitated LGd neurons were distinguished from the non-affected ones in that the former had longer OX-latencies than the latter. The FEF-facilitated neurons probably correspond to “X” neurons of LGd. In 17 TRc neurons the effects were inhibitory. Their time courses were similar to those of the facilitation in the LGd relay neurons. Seven LGv neurons received facilitatory effects from FEF. Among them 5 neurons showed short-latency (6.7–17 msec) responses to FEF single shocks. The FEF sites inducing conjugate lateral eye movements exerted stronger facilitatory effects than those inducing upward or centering eye movements did. It is suggested that the effects may subserve to cancel the inhibitory convergence onto X-cells just after saccadic eye movements so as to improve visual information transmission through LGd during the eye fixation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 24 (1976), S. 423-427 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Cat ; Cortex ; Area 17 ; Receptive fields ; Hypercomplex cells
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 25 (1976), S. 327-337 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Lateral reticular nucleus ; Dorsal spinocerebellar tract ; Cerebellum ; Cat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary 1. The assertion made by Burton, Bloedel and Gregory (1971) that neurones in the mLRN (major portion of lateral reticular nucleus comprising its parvi- and magnocellular parts) receive collateral excitation from the dorsal spinocerebellar tract (DSCT) has been tested. The activation of mLRN neurones on stimulation of limb nerves was studied in preparations with the spinal cord interrupted at C3 sparing only the dorsal part of the ipsilateral lateral funiculus (iDLF preparations), only the ipsilateral ventral quadrant (iVQ preparations), or only the ipsilateral lateral and ventral funiculi (iLFVF preparations). 2. In iDLF preparations (with the DSCT intact) stimulation of limb nerves evoked responses in only occasional mLRN neurones. These responses could be attributed to activation from some dorsally located fibres belonging to the bilateral ventral flexor reflex tract (bVFRT) and to activation from a previously unknown path activated after a long latency from ipsilateral forelimb and hindlimb afferents. 3. In iLFVF preparations (with the DSCT intact) and iVQ preparations (with the DSCT interrupted) most mLRN neurones responded to limb nerve stimulation. The responses in the two preparations were similar and could be attributed largely or exclusively to activation from the bVFRT. 4. It is concluded that the DSCT does not activate any major group of mLRN neurones.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 25 (1976), S. 115-130 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Decortication ; Vision ; Learning ; Sexual behaviour ; Cat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Bilateral removal of the cerebral cortex was made in cats neonatally. Spontaneous and imposed behaviour was studied while they were growing up and after they had become adult. Special emphasis was put on the utilization of visual cues and on learning. The cats ate, drank and groomed themselves adequately. Adequate maternal and female sexual behaviour was observed. They utilized the visual and haptic senses with respect to external space. Two cats were trained to perform visual discrimination in a T-maze. The adequacy of the behaviour of these cats is compared to that of animals with similar lesions made at maturity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 26 (1976), S. 19-37 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Schlagwort(e): Medial geniculate body ; Interneurons ; Cat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Three different types of interneurons can be separated in the Golgi picture, and many of their details can be identified under the electron microscope, in the medial geniculate body (MGB) of the cat: (1) typical short axon Golgi II. cells of the thalamic type, (2) somewhat larger Golgi type II cells with medium range axon, and (3) spidery neurogliform short axon cells. The most distinctive features of the two first types (1) and (2) are their irregular drumstick shape appendages, increasing in number as well as in length and irregularity of their stalks towards the periphery of the dendrites. These appendages form the vast majority of synaptic profiles in the aggregations of synaptic neuropil (glomeruli) of the nuclei, and they are both presynaptic and postsynaptic by the usual standards applied for the evaluation of the polarity of synapses. The characteristic beaded dendrites of the (3) neurogliform cell type can be recognised particularly easily in the electron microscope picture. They are both presynaptic and postsynaptic in structural polarity. All identified process profiles of interneurons contain flattened (F.-type) or pleomorphic synaptic vesicles. Membrane contacts, in which the interneurons appear to be presynaptic are either of the symmetric (Gray type II) or of an intermediate type. The membrane contacts of postsynaptic portions of the interneurons are usually of the asymmetric type (Gray type I) and the presynaptic profiles contain round (R-type) vesicles. The larger one have been shown already earlier to be derived from specific sensory (inferior collicular) afferents, while many of the smaller ones could be identified in the present study as being derived from cortico-geniculate descending pathways, arising from the auditory areas. Some of the synaptic contacts of the interneurons are apparently derived from other interneurons, the presynaptic profiles being often equivocal or more likely of axonal origin (all interneurons have clear axons in the Golgi picture). The occurrence of three distinct types of interneurons — probably all of inhibitory nature — the complexity in synaptic arrangement, and more particularly in the dendritic linkage of numerous synaptic sites does not favour such simple explanations as surround inhibition by forward or by backward inhibition, but suggests more sophisticated modes of impulse processing in the MGB.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 363 (1976), S. 135-140 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Schlagwort(e): Vasoconstrictor neurones ; Vasodilator neurones ; Skin ; Spinal cord ; Cat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Single postganglionic neurones to hairy skin and hairless skin of the hindleg were investigated on spinal cord heating and spinal cord cooling in chloralose anesthetized cats. 1. Spontaneously active postganglionic neurones which were classified as vasoconstrictor neurones were depressed by spinal cord heating and excited by spinal cord cooling. The overall response to spinal cord cooling was smaller than that to spinal cord heating. 2. Posiganglionic neurones to the hairless skin, which had most likely sudomotor function, responded initially to spinal cord heating with a few impulses or not at all. As judged by the skin potentials recorded from the hairless skin the sweat glands were also only weakly activated at the beginning of the heat stimuli. 3. Six silent postganglionic neurones, 3 each to the hairy skin and to the hairless skin, were excited during spinal cord heating. The response of these neurones consisted of a dynamic and a static component and started at the beginning of the heating stimuli with latencies of less than 10 s. The neurones could not be excited by any other stimuli and were classified as cutaneous vasodilator neurones. 4. Quantitative analysis of 4 spontaneously active postganglionic (vasoconstrictor) neurones and 3 silent postganglionic (vasodilator) neurones revealed that the threshold of the responses of these neurones to spinal cord heating was 40–42°C (on the dorsal spinal cord) and that the response increase was maximal at the highest temperatures tested (43–44°C).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 361 (1976), S. 221-229 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Schlagwort(e): Vasoconstrictors ; Pilomotors ; Tail's skin ; Single unit analysis ; Cat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Postganglionic neurones to the tail's skin of the cat were investigated with regard to their spontaneous activity, response characteristics to somatic stimuli and asphyxia, the conduction velocity of their axons, and the conduction velocity of the preganglionic axons converging on them. The cats were anaesthetized with chloralose, immobilized, and arteficially ventilated. With this regimen the postganglionic neurones were divided into two types: 1. Type 1 neurones are spontaneously active and exhibit reflexes upon somatic stimulation. During asphyxia they are mostly first depressed and then excited for about 2–3 min. Their axons conduct with 0.57±0.13 m/s (mean ± SD). The preganglionic axons converging on them conduct with 5.4±1.6 m/s. 2. Type 2 neurones are not spontaneously active and exhibit with few exceptions no reflexes on somatic stimuli. During asphyxia they are activated after 3–4 min, concomitantly with piloerection, when the activity in type 1 neurones is already decreasing. Their axons conduct with 0.84±0.14 m/s, the preganglionic axons converging on them conduct with 9.9±2.9 m/s. 3. From these characteristics it is concluded that type 1 neurones have vasomotor function and most type 2 neurones pilomotor function.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Schlagwort(e): Vasoconstrictors ; Vasodilators ; Muscle ; Hypothalamic stimulation ; Atropinesensitive vasodilation ; Single unit analysis ; Cat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary 1. Discharge patterns in postganglionic neurones to muscle and to hairy skin of the hindlimb of chloralose anaesthetized cats were investigated during electrical hypothalamic stimulation which induced either vasoconstriction or atropine sensitive vasodilation in the skeletal muscle. 2. Spontaneously active postganglionic neurones to muscle were activated both during hypothalamically induced vasoconstriction and active vasodilation. Stimulation of the hypothalamic vasodilator area induced mostly a sequence of activation-depression-activation in these neurones. Stimulation of cutaneous Group IV afferents elicited reflexes in these neurones; repetitive high frequency stimulation of large diameter afferents in the vago-depressor nerve produced depression of spontaneous activity followed by a postinhibitory excitation. The characteristics of these neurones fit those that would be expected of vasoconstrictors. 3. Normally inactive postganglionic neurones to skeletal muscle could only be activated during hypothalamically induced atropine sensitive vasodilation. These neurones exhibit no reflexes on somatic stimulation. The axons of these neurones conduct faster than those of the spontaneously active postganglionic neurones. It is likely that they are cholinergic vasodilator neurones. 4. Most of the cutaneous postganglionic neurones to hairy skin were activated during stimulation of both the hypothalamic vasoconstrictor and the vasodilator areas. These neurones have the characteristics of cutaneous vasoconstrictor neurones. Part of the cutaneous not spontaneously active postganglionic neurones could neither be activated from the hypothalamus nor by somatic stimuli.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 46 (1976), S. 229-233 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Methamphetamine ; Cocaine ; Self-administration ; Cat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A procedure for studying intravenous drug self-administration in the cat is described. Ten cats were given 24-h access to methamphetamine reinforcement (0.04 mg/kg/inj.). The subjects maintained a significantly higher response rate for drug reinforcement than for saline. The pattern of self-administration over days alternated between periods of high and low drug intake. Six additional cats were used to study the effect of dose per injection on methamphetamine self-administration under conditions of limited access. When methamphetamine was substituted at various doses per infusion in animals maintained on cocaine reinforcement, response rate was shown to be an inverted U-shaped function of dose. These studies demonstrate that methamphetamine is a reinforcer in the cat and its patterns of intake under conditions of 24-h and limited access resemble other species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 175 (1976), S. 421-424 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Cilia ; Astrocytes ; Neuron ; Fundus striati ; Cat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In the fundus striati of the cat a few multiple ciliated astroglial cells and a single-ciliated small neuron were observed. In astrocytes cilia display a 9+2 subfiber configuration.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 167 (1976), S. 265-288 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Myelinated fibres ; Visual cortex ; Stereology ; Development ; Electron microscopy ; Cat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary With the aid of stereological procedures the development of myelinated nerve fibres (MF) was quantitatively investigated in electron micrographs of the visual cortex from animals of different ages: 36 days-old, the age at which fibres first appear, through adulthood. A short description of tissue treatment, methods and qualitative results is given. The following quantitative results are presented: 1. Myelinization begins at about the 36th day postpartum and is not completed by the 164th day. At this time a lack of about 20% MF can be observed. 2. The average diameter of MF decreases from 1.3 μm to 0.8 μm from day 36 to adulthood. 3. The first MF appear near the border of the album. 4. Beginning with the 55th day, small MF arise in layer I, showing two periods of growth. 5. The maximum MF density in the region of layer IV corresponds to the strip of Baillarger. Other aspects of visual cortex development are dealt with in the Discussion. The following conclusions can be drawn: a) The growing of inand output-MF is completed first. b) The development of the internal connecting systems in layers I and IV begins a little later and is completed by the 5th month. c) The MF in layers II and III appear after the 4th month. Kaes (1907) has also described a continuation of MF growth in man lasting into the twenties.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 173 (1976), S. 109-127 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Yolk sac ; Cat ; Ultrastructural differentiation of the epithelium
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of feline yolk sacs from 11 stages between the 14th and the 66th day is described with reference to the endoderm and the mesothelium; supplementary histochemical and cytochemical studies are included. Despite the absence of yolk, the endodermal epithelium shows a high degree of differentiation and activity, especially in the period between the 25th and the 38th day. Large stacks of RER, abundant SER, mitochondria enveloped by RER cisternae, and a peculiar type of lysosome are the most prominent organelles. Acid phosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase and NAD- and NADP-diaphorases are found with high activity, whereas the 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase assay stains the endothelium only moderately. Indications of reabsorption are less marked. In view of the apparent immaturity of the liver parenchymal cells at this stage, the yolk sac endoderm of cat is suggested to act as an important extraembryonic site of biosynthesis. As preliminary results of a chemical analysis show that the yolk sac fluid has nearly no nutritional value, the substances synthesized are believed to be transported directly to the fetus. The mesothelium shows relatively few alterations over the period studied, is less rich in organelles and is obviously far less active than the endoderm.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 168 (1976), S. 489-505 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Fundus striati ; Cat ; Nine bouton types ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary An attempt has been made to discriminate additional types of synapses than have been previously described in the nucleus accumbens septi of the cat, which can, according to Brockhaus (1942), justifiably be termed the fundus striati due to the fact that it possesses all of the morphological and some of the neurochemical features of the striatum. This was undertaken in order to correlate at least one type of synapse with each different afferent pathway. Nine distinct types of synapses could be differentiated electron microscopically: Type I: axo-spinous synapses with sparse, small, round vesicles which seemed to be the nigro-striatal endings (35%). Type II: axo-somatic or axo-dendritic en passant synapses containing small, round vesicles (3%). Type III: axo-spinous synapses filled with densely-packed, small, round vesicles displaying strong postsynaptic thickenings which seem to be corticostriatal (17%). Type IV: large axo-spinous synapses with densely-arranged, small, round vesicles contacting larger spines branching off a pedicle (9%). Type V: axo-somatic or axo-dendritic synapses containing large pleomorphic vesicles, probably axon collaterals (1%). Type VI: axo-somatic or axo-dendritic synapses with elongated small vesicles (20×45 nm) (3%). Type VII: large axo-somatic or axo-dendritic synapses filled by denselypacked, small, round vesicles (11%). Type VIII: large axo-somatic or axo-dendritic synapses containing loosely-arranged, small, round vesicles (8%). Type IX: axo-somatic or axo-dendritic synapses containing large, round vesicles in a translucent axoplasm (13%).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 173 (1976), S. 261-269 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Cat ; Ciliary body ; ‘False’ transmitters ; Fluorescence histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ciliary body of the cat was investigated by fluorescence histochemistry and electron microscopy in an attempt to clarify its sympathetic innervation. Subconjunctival doses of 5-hydroxydopamine (5-OHDA) or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) were given to establish the precise location of the sympathetic nerve terminals. The distribution of noradrenergic fibers and terminals was shown by fluorescence histochemistry to be sparse in the trabecular meshwork and the anterior portion of the ciliary muscle, but dense in the subepithelial tissue. The small and large dense core vesicles which occur in many nerve endings of the subepithelial tissue adjacent to the pigmented epithelial layer increased in electron density following the administration of 5-OHDA. Many degenerating nerve endings were found in the same region of animals treated with 6-OHDA. In contrast, there were few noradrenergic terminals in the ciliary muscle except for a portion of the smooth muscle which was shown to be dually innervated. The noradrenergic fibers in the subepithelial region and the trabecular meshwork may play an important role in aqueous secretion and outflow.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 59-66 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A method is presented to calculate the eigenvalues of the Helmholtz equation Δ2ø + k2ø = 0 in a two-dimensional area when ø vanishes on the boundary. The method is based on an integral equation, which can be easily solved numerically. Results obtained for circular and rectangular geometries are also given and compared to the exact values.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 77-91 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: This paper presents the results of an aeroelastic optimization study. In this study the weight of a large aspect ratio panel immersed in high Mach number supersonic flow is minimized subject to the requirement that a critical aeroelastic parameter for flutter be held within specified limits. A refined finite element technique is used to model the panel flutter equilibrium equations, equations which act as constraints on the design search. The optimization mechanism itself is studied and discussed to provide qualitative results which may be useful to the solution of other aeroelastic optimization problems. The numerical results of this investigation are compared to converged numerical results to illustrate finite element accuracy. The results of the study show that the weight savings and material distribution found with an effective finite element model are comparable to those found by more complicated numerical methods.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 185-196 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A computer solution for two-dimensional fluid-particle flows using the cellular approach is presented. The euqations describing the flow of the continuous (fluid) phase are formulated using stream function, vorticity and enthalpy as the dependent variables. The effect of the disperse (particle) phase on the continous phase is represented by vorticity and energy sources in each cell. To illustrate the capability of the solution scheme, the flow of gas laden with hot particles issuing into a sudden expansion is analysed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 283-299 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: This paper presents the optimum design of stiffened cylindrical panels with weight as the objective function and constraints on the frequencies in the presence of initial stresses, using unconstrained minimization techniques of non-linear mathematical programming problem. The interaction between the buckling constraints and the frequency constraints in the presence of initial stresses are included in the formulation. Loss of load carrying capacity due to imperfection and due to suddenly applied loads are included in the buckling analyses. Results for cylindrical shell are obtained by setting the panel angle to 360 degrees. The relationship between the weight of the cylinder and the panel (a segment of the cylinder) is examined.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 361-377 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The solutions of plane elasto-plastic problems usually use one or two field variables - namely a stress functions or the displacements. The use of three, four or five field variables is investigated and it is concluded that the three stresses from the best basis for a multivariable approach. Attempts to solve the governing equations with an initial value technique were exhaustively tried and discarded in preference to a boundary value or elliptical technique. The problem solved to check the method is that of a hole in plane strain uniaxial tension. Effective plastic strain distributions are plotted, along with stress and strain concentration data and distributions of the mean to effective stress ratio. Comparison is made between solutions produced using incremental and deformation theories.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 437-456 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Finite element procedures and related illustrative numerical examples for incompressible viscous fluid motion are discussed in this paper. The steady flow problem is solved by the Newton-Raphson method and the perturbation method. By numerical examples, it can be shown that the combined use of the Newton-Raphson method and perturbation method is suitable. For the analysis of unsteady flow, the perturbation method is employed. Assuming that the basic flow is known, unsteady flow is calculated by accumulating the solution of the linearized equation in which the boundary values are varied by small amounts. Steady flows of temperature dependent free convection are also discretized and analyzed by the same procedure as the conventional finite element Galerkin method. For shape functions, quadratic polynomials are used for velocity and temperature, and linear polynomials for pressure. It is to be noted that the selections of shape functions and solution method are the keys to the analysis of highly non-linear fluid flow problems such as those discussed in this paper.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 488-488 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 503-525 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A procedure of applying the perturbation method is presented for the incremental numerical analysis of materially and combined non-linear problems of discrete and discretized structral systems. Small but finite strain and stress increments are strictly distinguished from the strain rates and stress rates, respectively. It is shown that, by applying the perturbation procedure not only to the non-linear strain-displacement relations and equilibrium equations, but also to the constitutive equations in terms of rate quantities, all the governing equations can be satisfied to any desired accuracy at every instantaneous configuration in between the starting and terminal points of an incremental step. The proposed method provides also means of finding, to a desired accuracy, every point on an equilibrium path of a discrete system at which a new element will start yielding or unloading and possible critical points on the path. The significance of the proposed method is expected to be appreciated particularly in numerical investigations of critical behaviours and post-buckling behaviours.
    Zusätzliches Material: 18 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 301-343 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: This paper is concerned with the development of a numerical procedure for solving complex boundary value problems in plane elastostatics. This procedure - the displacement discontinuity method - consists simply of placing N displacement discontinuities of unknown magnitude along the boundaries of the region to be analyzed, then setting up and solving a system of algebraic equations to find the discontinuity values that produce prescribed boundary tractions or displacements. The displacement discontinuity method is in some respects similar to integral equation or ‘influence function’ techniques, and contrasts with finite difference and finite element procedures in that approximations are made only on the boundary contours, and not in the field. The method is illustrated by comparing computed results with the analytical solutions of two boundary value problems: a circular disc subjected to diametral compression, and a circular hole in an infinite plate under a uniaxial stress field. In both cases the numerical results are in excellent agreement with the exact solutions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 423-435 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The application of the finite element method to the supersonic flutter of circular cylindrical shells subjected to internal pressure and axial compression is presented. A circular cylindrical shell element is used. The element stiffness, mass and initial stiffness matrices are given. The element aerodynamic matrix is derived based on a first order high Mach number approximation to the linear potential flow theory. The eigenvalue problem is solved by the QR algorithm. Numerical results are presented and these are compared with analytical solutions and experimental data.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 401-412 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A straightforward and general computer program for assembling and solving (using Gauss elimination technique) widely sparsed finite element matrix equations with very large bandwidth and capable of handling different degrees-of-freedom and variable bandwidth at different nodes, is described herein. The program assembles any type of finite elements having arbitrary number of nodes and each node may have differnt degrees-of-freedom. It requires only a small core memory in the computer, although a fast random access device is also needed. The two very important features of this program are (i) it does not store any zero submatrices within the band and (ii) during the solution of equations all operations dealing with zero submatrices within the band are automatically skipped and thus the savings of a considerable amount of disc storage space and computer time can be effected in many cases. Another feature is that many right hand sides can be handled simultaneously. Hence the program is very economical for structures having widely sparsed matrix equations. A listing of the computer program written in FORTRAN IV for CDC 6400 computer is readily available from the authors, but unfortunately could not be given here because of lack of space. The program is so general that it can be used to solve a wide class of finite element problems without actually having to understand fully the techniques behind it.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 465-470 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The Peaceman-Rachford ADI technique is a well-known iterative method for solving large systems of linear equations arising from finite difference methods of solution of partial differntial equations. The present note demonstrates how the algorithm can be conveniently rearranged for computation in a virtual storage system with paging. Timing results are given for a sample problem typical of those encountered in nuclear diffusion computation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 472-474 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 225-230 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Alternative finite difference formulations for elliptic equations on skew nets are investigated for suitability for rapid convergence of S.O.R. iterations. In dealing with the differential equation directly, diagonal dominance is a key property for convergence theorems. Mixed derivatives boundary conditions threatens this property, but formulas are presented which protect it as long as the net skewness is not too severe. Test calculations are reported showing convergence for these formulas to be as good as that of optimal S.O.R. theory, whereas other more direct formulas give a very inferior performance.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976) 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 379-399 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A frontal solution program is presented which may be used for the solution of unsymmetric matrix equations arising in certain applications of the finite element method to boundary value problems. Based on the Gaussian elimination algorithm, it has advantages over band matrix methods in that core requirements and computation times may be considerably reduced; furthermore numbering of the finite element mesh may be completed in an arbitrary manner. The program is written in FORTRAN and a glossary of terms is provided.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 39
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Quadratic isoparametric elements which embody the inverse square root singularity are used in the calculation of stress intensity factors of elastic fracture mechanics. Examples of the plane eight noded isoparametric element show that it has the same singularity as other special crack tip elements, and still includes the constant strain and rigid body motion modes. Application to three-dimensional analysis is also explored. Stress intensity factors are calculated for mechanical and thermal loads for a number of plane strain and three-dimensional problems.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 93-113 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The equations for the meridional through-flow in a turbomachine are formulated as a quasi-harmonic non-linear equation. This equation is then solved iteratively by the finite element method and in order to obtain convergence an under-relaxation factor has to be introduced. Comparisons with experimental results in single and multistage axial compressors show very good agreement. The finite element method is thus shown to be an efficient tool for this type of problem.
    Zusätzliches Material: 20 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 171-183 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Finite element methods for solving the two-dimensional x-y transport equation are considered. Numerical schemes are defined and tested on some simple practical problems.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 197-209 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The problems associated with the stress analysis of structures subjected to body force loading due to compound motion are outlined. An economic method for calculating equivalent nodal loading, for use in a finite element displacement analysis, is proposed in which the element discretization and consistent mass matrices are used to advantage. The relevant equations, relating to the rigid body dynamics of compound motion, are appended in matrix notation. Validity of the method is demonstrated by an analysis of the stresses, due to gyroscopic and centrifugal forces, in an aero engine blade model.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 718-719 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 731-746 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 787-797 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: An automatic algorithm is presented for reducing the bandwidth of symmetric sparse connectivity matrices. The procedure takes an arbitrary input sequence and creates an optimal bandwidth for complex network systems by renumbering the node labels. Thus, considerable improvement for computer storage and time is achieved in the solution of the systems.A large number of examples is presented to demonstrate the reliability and the efficiency of the method.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 845-852 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: An accurate reduction scheme for structural eigenvalue problems is deduced from a variational theorem in which the displacement, velocity and/or momentum fields are taken to be independent.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 885-891 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: This paper compares three methods for dealing with an exterior boundary value problem by the Finite Element Method, one of which involves using an infinite element. The methods are illustrated by application to the problem of ground water flow round a tunnel with permeable invert. The use of a special trial function with a variable parameter in the infinite element gives a particularly efficient method of solution.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 935-944 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Bathe's algorithm of subspace iteration for the solution of the eigenvalue problem with symmetric matrices is improved by incorporating an acceleration technique using Chebyshev polynomials. This method of acceleration is particularly effective for this kind of iteration. The rate of convergence of the iteration scheme presented is considerably improved when compared with the original one, and satisfactory rates of convergence can be obtained for a wider range of eigenvalues.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 958-959 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 968-973 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: It is shown that an apparently sound selection of trial functions can give rise to hybrid elements with rank deficient stiffness matrices and unused interior fields. An account is given of modifications which overcome these problems for a particular plate bending element.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 976-976 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1007-1019 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The shape of a plate in plane stress is determined, such that the maximum elastic stress corresponding to given loads is minimized. The shape of the boundary is approximated by a series and optimization is carried out by solving a sequence of linearized minimum-maximum problems using linear programming. The optimization problem is extended to include multiple loading cases and geometrical constraints. The stress derivatives are found using analytical expressions for stiffnesses and stiffness derivatives of the finite elements. For the optimum design of a hole in an infinite plate under biaxial stretching the numerical result is compared with an analytical solution. As another example the method is used to optimize the edge shape of a shape of a junction in a web frame.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1021-1046 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Continuous (integral) and discrete (point-matching) least-squares methods are presented for linear and non-linear problems in boundary-value, eigenvalue, and initial-value form. The history is traced, and important theoretical and practical results are summarized. A comprehensive sample of the literature is presented, indexed to show type of application, version of least squares used, and results of comparison studies. The advantages of least-squares methods are discussed, including convenience in formulation and error evaluation, generality of mixed and local (finite element) versions, and performance that is competitive with other methods.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1125-1142 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: An algorithm is presented which generates an element stiffness matrix for non-prismatic beam-column members using Newmark's numerical procedure of successive approximations. The resulting element stiffness matrix on element co-ordinates is fond to be in excellent agreement with those available for limiting cases. An approximate stability analysis conducted on the covergence of the numerical scheme shows that the proposed algorithm is stable. The critical buckling loads for various and conditions are computed as part of the computational scheme. A computer program listing in FORTRAN IV is included which will handle essentially and order and/or kind of non-prismaticity of beam elements. The results are presented in the conventional and convenient coefficient format.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1153-1175 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: It is first shown that the two-dimensional linearized ship wave problem can be recast as the sum of a radiation and a diffraction problem for simple harmonic waves. Each problem can be solved by a hybrid element method (HEM) where conventional finite elements are used near the body and analytical solutions are used in the remaining infinite regions (super-elements). Variational principles which incorporate the matching conditions between regular and super-elements as natural conditions are derived. Numerical examples are presented. The theoretical aspects for extending the above ideas to a three-dimensional ship wave problems are also described.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 708-712 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The quadrature rule for a finite interval obtained by transforming to an infinite range and applying the midpoint rule is examined. It is found that the condition required to make the quadrature exact for a constant integrand imposes severe practical limits. The method is very good for integrands with singularities near the endpoints but ineffective for oscillatory integrands.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1197-1202 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1211-1219 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1261-1280 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The contouring of stresses in two-dimensional slopes is done quickly and efficiently by using the computer and an incremental plotter. The computer program developed here interpolates in two directions between centroids of finite elements at which the stresses are given, determines contour line co-ordinates, and plots the contours. This program can be easily modified to plot stresses produced by other two-dimensional finite element analysis programs as long as the arrangement of elements in the mesh is similar.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1281-1287 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A conformable displacement model is presented for the finite element analysis of stress intensity factors in linear elastic fracture mechanics. The method is an extension to anisotropic materials of the one developed by Benzley for isotropic materials. Very good agreement is shown for the case of inclined cracks in an orthotropic plate between finite element results and those obtained by least squares collocation of stress functions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1299-1308 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A numerical method for integrating the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations for a viscous, incompressible, laminar duct flow is given. A new method is applied to the derivation of stable, and second order accurate difference representations to the momentum transport and diffusion terms. Numerical examples are given.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1343-1356 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: An elasto-plastic plate-bending analysis is developed based on the finite element method and utilizing an assumed-stress hybrid (Pian) element. Plasticity is incorporated using the Prandtl-Reuss relations and isotropic hardening theory together with an incremental residual force technique. Several example solutions are included to demonstrate the ability of this approach in elasto-plastic plate-bending problems.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1415-1418 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A finite element procedure based on residual potential or flow concept is proposed for free surface flow through porous media. A preliminary example is solved by using the proposed procedure.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1404-1406 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The convergence of Hankel's asymptotic expansions for the Bessel functions of large complex argument are discussed, and a method is proposed to avoid numerical problems derived from their implementation in computer programs. Whiel the error tolerance cannot in all cases be controlled by the user, excellent results can indeed be obtained with application of the proposed method.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1427-1427 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 471-472 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 475-478 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Some new rational approximations to the error function erf(x) are discussed. They have the same asymptotic behaviour as erf(x), and are more accurate than the ones previously published.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 484-487 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 488-488 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 579-596 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 619-635 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: An algorithm for computing a linear Chebyshev approximation to a function defined on a finite set of points is presented. The method requires the accuracy of the approximation to be specified, and determines the least degree approximation which achieves this accuracy. The algorithm is based upon the simplex method of linear programming. A FORTRAN program is supplied in the Appendix.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 679-702 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The classical concept of slip-surfaces in soil mechanics is assigned a physical significance based on frequent observations of rupture in overconsolidated soils and rock masses; propagation of a narrow shear-band (i.e. slip-surface) is commonly the mechanism of failure. Effectively, relative sliding occurs between adjacent material points on the surface, a concept familiar in rack mechanics; just as failure by crack propagation can occur in metals well below net section yielding, so can progressive failure by band propagation cause slope failure at nominal stresses well below the peak strength of the material. The relative sliding is simulated here, for a material response which is linear outside the band, by superposing continuously distributed dislocations; use is made of influence functions, for dislocation and point-force singularities in a variety of materials and geometries. The method has further application in rock mechanics and metallurgy. A stress-displacement constitutive relation is imposed on the line of the band and the resulting non-linear singular integral equations necessitate numerical solutions; the routines are prefected on two problems for which answers are otherwise available. Extension to previously intractable plane-strain problems is then described and results are given for a surface-parallel shear-band corresponding to a flake slide on a long slope.
    Zusätzliches Material: 15 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 235-237 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 253-262 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The transmission-line matrix method is a time-domain numerical method for solving wave problems. This paper describes how a minor change in the computer program for loss-free dielectrics extends the method to include dielectric losses. Results are given in terms of the wave impedance of a waveguide with losses, and also in terms of power decay due to losses in the dielectric of a resonant cavity.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 478-484 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A procedure for numerical quadrature over a semi-infinite range is described which does not require storing weights or nodes. It is applicable to a wide variety of integrands including oscillatory functions and forms with integrable singularites. A computer program and numerical examples are presented.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976) 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 527-533 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: It is possible to transform elliptic partial differential equations to exchange the dependent with one of the independent variables. The Laplace equation for a stream function ‘Ψ’ over the X and Y co-ordinate system, for example, can be transformed into a relationship expressing the Y position of streamlines in terms of strem function Ψ and X.Although the resulting new partial differential equation is much more complex it is much more convenient to use in a computer. An irregular Y boundary becomes, with the new relationship, merely the boundary values assigned to the outer streamlines and the computer always need only deal with a rectangular array. The resulting answer is in the form of the position of streamlines which is the information directly required for plotting flow maps.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 597-606 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: An elasto-plastic analysis of anisotropic work-hardening materials, using the finite element method is presented. The analysis is based on the generalized Huber-Mises yield criterion extended by Hill for anisotropic materials. General expressions for the anisotropic parameters in the yield criterion have been derived both for initial yielding as well as subsequent yielding in the case of work-hardening materials.The isoparametric ‘quadratic’ quadrilateral elements have been used for the analysis and the ‘initial stress technique’ has been adopted for the iterative solution of the non-linear problems. The results of the various numerical examples have been compared with the available solutions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 637-645 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: An automated digital computer procedure is presented in this paper which enables efficient solution of the eigenvalue problem associated with the supersonic panel flutter phenomena. The step-by-step incremental solution procedure is based on an inverse iteration technique which effectively utilizes solution results from the previous step in determining such results during the current solution step. Also, the computations are limited to the determination of a few specific roots only, which are expected to contain the flutter mode, and this is achieved at each step without having to compute any other root.The structural discretization achieved by the finite element method yields highly banded stiffness, mass, and aerodynamic matrices; the aerodynamic matrix evaluated by the linearized piston theory is real but unsymmetric in nature. The solution algorithm presented in this paper fully exploits the banded form of the associated matrices, and the resulting computer program written in FORTRAN V for the JPL UNIVAC 1108 computer proves to be most efficient and economical when compared to existing procedures of such analysis. Numerical results are presented for a two-dimensional panel flutter problem.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1193-1196 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976) 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 827-832 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1221-1231 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The described program PFVIBAT uses the exact displacement method to perform free and forced vibration analysis entirely within the differential equation theory of beams thus avoiding assumed modes and lumped masses. The frame may contain rigid bodies. Clamped, hinged, guided and rolling connections are allowed for. Consideration of rotatory inertia, shear deformation and second-order bending moments and shear forces as caused by static axial load is optional. Eigenfrequencies and modal masses are calculated with an accuracy that may be specified. Displacement and moment modes are plotted. Transient vibrations are studied.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1309-1315 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: ADI difference schemes of two and three levels for the parabolic equations with a mixed derivative have been derived. Using the stability analysis and the principal part of the truncation error, a difference formula with minimum truncation error has been found. Comparative study of the two and three level formulas has been made through two examples, one with constant coefficients and another with variable coefficients.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 85
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: One of the integral parts of any finite element procedure is the subdivision of a finite dimensional region into a finite number of non-overlapping subregions. An algorithm for subdivision of 2-dimensional polygons into triangular subregions is presented here. The algorithm consists conceptually of two steps. In the first step the region is subdivided into convex subregions; In the second step the convex subregions are further subdivided into triangular elements.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1389-1396 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Galerkin finite element methods based on symmetric pyramid basis functions give poor accuracy when applied to second order elliptic equations with large coefficients of the first order terms. This is particularly so when the mesh size is such that oscillations are present in the numerical solution. In the present note asymmetric linear and quadratic basis functions are introduced and shown to overcome this difficulty in an appropriate two point boundary value problem. In particular symmetric quadratic basis functions are oscillation free and highly accurate for a working range of mesh sizes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1418-1419 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1187-1190 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1208-1208 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1202-1207 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Generalized quadrature is used for the numerical solution of two Fredholm integral equations which occur in electrostatics and aerodynamics.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1249-1259 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A procedure is given for generating two-dimensional conforming singularity elements from standard conforming elements. Three new elements with 0(r-p) derivative singularities are introduced. The technique is based on the use of elements defined by numerically integrated shape functions. Special quadrature rules are suggested for triangular elements. The degeneration of these elements to crack tip elements and the direct evaluation near the singularity of element quantities, such as the stress intensity factors, is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1317-1327 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A finite element model for analysing static problems of three-dimensional thin panel constructions is presented. The potential energy of stretching of each panel is represented by the classical Lagrange formulation of two-dimensional elasticity and in the finite element discretization piecewise linear u, v displacements are used. The potential energy of bending of each panel is represented in the finite element discretization by Hellan and Herrmann's model, i.e. piecewise constant moments and piecewise linear w-displacements are used. The physical appropriateness of the model is verified for different assemblages of panels, and in all cases good numerical results are obtained.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1379-1387 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: A general method to formulate improved quadratic elements is presented. Derivation of the method is based on more accurate shape functions that take into account effects of governing differential equations. These new shape functions have the same form as those of the standard eight-node quadratic element. Therefore, they may be easily adapted into existing programs.The new quadratic element is compared with both standard and standard condensed quadratic elements. To show relative merits of different quadratic elements eigenvalue tests are performed. Several examples ranging from field problems, plane stress and bar vibration are used to demonstrate the applicability of this approach.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1369-1377 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The exact solution to the quasi-static, inelastic response of a cantilever beam of rectangular cross-section subjected to a bending moment at the tip is obtained. The material of the beam is assumed to be linearly elastic-linearly strain-hardening. This solution is then compared with three different numerical solutions of the same problem obtained by minimizing the total potential energy using Gaussian quadratures of two different orders and a Newton-Cotes scheme for integrating the strain energy of deformation. Significant differences between the exact dissipative strain energy and its numerical counterpart are emphasized. The consequence of this on the non-linear transient responses of a beam with solid cross-section and that of a thin-walled beam on elastic supports under impulsive loads are examined.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1411-1414 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1-23 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The extended interior penalty function formulation is implemented. A rational method for determining the transition between the interior and extended parts is set forth. The formulation includes a straightforward method for avoiding design points with some negative components, which are physically meaningless in structural analysis. The technique, when extended to problems involving parametric constraints, can facilitate closed form integration of the penalty terms over the most important parts of the parameter interval. The method lends itself well to the use of approximation concepts, such as design variable linking, constraint deletion and Taylor series expansions of response quantities in terms of design variables.Examples demonstrating the algorithm, in the context of planar orthogonal frames subjected to ground motion, are included.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 67-76 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: An ‘Extended Matrix Transfer Method’ is presented which has an automatic root search capability that can be guaranteed to determine all the roots of the problem with the exception of those roots lying within prescribed tolerance bandwidths.The power and generality of the method is demonstrated by application to a specially synthesized problem.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 123-131 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: This paper describes a procedure for the calculation of branch flows in a directed network in which the node-to-node flows are prescribed.The node-to-node paths of the network are enumerated using a combinatorial process. Procedures based on the path list are used to allocate the node-to-node flows to the alternative paths of the network according to Wardrop's first principle. The calculation, although necessarily iterative, is rapidly convergent.The method has been implemented as a computer program and the results obtained for a typical network are discussed.A linear relationship between branch potential and branch flow has been used, but the method can be extended to piece-wise linear and non-linear relationships.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 145-170 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: This paper describes a new finite element scheme for the analysis of instability phenomena of arbitrary thin shells. A computationally efficient procedure is proposed for calculating the non-linear stiffness and tangential stiffness matrices for a doubly-curved quadrilateral element defined by co-ordinate lines. The essential feature is the explicit addition of the non-linear terms into the rigid-body motion of the element. Thus the non-linear and tangential element stiffness matrices can easily be generated by transforming the generalized element stiffness matrix for linear analysis, and the non-linear terms of these matrices are separated into a number of component terms multiplied by the rigid-body rotations. These component terms can be stored permanently and used to calculate efficiently the non-linear and tangential stiffness matrices at each iteration. Illustrative examples are presented which confirm the validity of the present approach in the analysis of instability phenomena of thin plates and shells.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 230-235 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Engineering General
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: The results of previous workers relating the number of internal and external vertices in a two-dimensional network to the number of elements of one given geometry are generalized to cover elements of any geometry (not necessarily convex) and any number of edge nodes, which may be vertex nodses of adjacent elements.It is shown that a relationship between the number of elements and number of vertices (nodes) alone exists only on a surface (plane or otherwise) and therefore cannot be extended to three-dimensional networks.In three-dimensions, the number of elements with any number of edges and vertices is related to the number of internal and external edges and vertices, is related to the number of internal and external edges and vertices, enclosed by a surface which may be non-simple, (i.e. of topological genus greater than zero).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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