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  • 1980-1984  (82)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 229 (1980), S. 57-65 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Gonadotroph hormones ; Pathology ; Pituitary adenoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 57-year-old woman, with long-standing hypogonadism secondary to irradiation of the ovaries, was found to have a pituitary tumor which was removed and investigated by histology, immunocytology and electron microscopy. Histologically, the tumor corresponded to a chromophobe, slightly PAS positive adenoma and the immunoperoxidase stain revealed the presence of both FSH and LH in the cytoplasm of the adenoma cells. The structural features of the adenoma cells resembled those of FSH cells in the nontumorous adenohypophysis. We thus believe that pituitary adenomas consisting of gonadotrophin-producing cells occur and that these may produce both FSH and LH. The relation between the gonadotrophin-producing adenoma and the preceding hypogonadism is uncertain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 38 (1980), S. 1-10 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: TRH-like immunoreactivity ; PAP technique ; Electron microscopy ; Neuronal localization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary With the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method TRH-like immunoreactivity (TRH-LI) was observed in certain neurons of the central nervous system. Their distribution agreed well with findings previously obtained with the indirect immunofluorescence technique. At the ultrastructural level electron-dense precipitates representing TRH-LI were observed in so-called large dense core vesicles, which were localized both in the cytoplasm of some hypothalamic neuronal cell bodies, as well as in boutons in the hypothalamus and spinal cord. The boutons often seemed to form axo-somatic or axodendritic synapses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 38 (1980), S. 121-123 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cat ; Visual cortex ; Corpus callosum ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Horseradish peroxidase was injected in the right visual cortex and a large electrolytic lesion made in the left lateral geniculate nucleus of an adult cat. Neurons of origin of the callosal projection to the injected cortex were identified by retrograde labelling and selected for electron microscopic study. Degenerating thalamo-cortical axon terminals were found to contact a labelled stellate cell in layer IV and a labelled pyramidal cell in layer III at the border region of areas 17 and 18. We conclude that there is a monosynaptic pathway from lateral geniculate nucleus to the cells of origin of callosal axons to the contralateral visual cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 386 (1980), S. 279-291 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Myocardial infarction ; Autonomic nerves ; Electron microscopy ; Rat experiments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Alterations of cardiac nerves in myocardial infarction were investigated by electron microscopy after differing intervals in 28 rats. During the first 4 h there are, in non-myelinated nerves within the myocardium, a swelling of the axoplasm with the occurrence of ‘pale’ axons and swelling of axonal mitochondria and neurosecretory granules. After bursting of the axolemma, these are spilled into the adjacent interstitial space. After 4 h first myelin figures are observed, and in some axons an accumulation of neurofilaments takes place. During the second to seventh day an extensive vesicular disintegration of axonal structures develops. Because of regressive changes, axons cannot be identified with certainty within the necrosis. After two or three weeks nerves with lamellar enfoldings of cytoplasmic processes corresponding to Büngner bands can be seen at the infarction border. These nerves may contain only a few residual axons. Myelinated nerves show a mainly vesicular disintegration. The results are discussed with regard to their functional significance and the special conditions of the animal model, in which ligature of the coronary artery may not only produce ischemia, but may also, by simultaneous ligature of the adjacent cardiac nerves, induce Wallerian degeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 386 (1980), S. 357-361 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Oesophagus ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 61-year-old man was operated for a large tumor, 12×4 cm in size, in the lower third of the oesophagus. The tumor had the appearance of a pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma showing cross striations by light microscopy and typical sarcomeres by electron microscopy. This is the fifth undisputed oesophageal rhabdomyosarcoma described in the literature and the first examined using electron microscope.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Glomerulonephritis ; Dense deposit disease ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eleven cases of glomerulonephritis with dense deposits were selected on the basis of electron microscopic examination performed either on material treated according to conventional techniques (9 cases) or on previously paraffin-embedded material (2 cases). While uniform immuno-histochemical patterns were observed, different features were shown by light microscopy: in only 3 cases were membranoproliferative or lobular patterns present, while in the others a varying degree of mesangial cell proliferation (moderate, mild or even very scanty with focal and segmental distribution) was detected. The generally accepted statement that glomerulonephritis with dense deposits represents a subgroup of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis therefore seems questionable. In addition to several clinical and serological data, these morphological features give further support to the hypothesis that glomerulonephritis with dense deposits is in all respects a peculiar and distinct form of glomerulonephritis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 387 (1980), S. 165-174 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Adenoma ; Electron microscopy ; Immunocytology ; Pituitary ; Pituitary tumor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Among 343 surgically-removed pituitary adenomas, 56 tumors were unassociated clinically or biochemically with increased hormone secretion and contained no adenohypophysial hormones by the immunoperoxidase technique, except for 10 cases in which a few scattered cells showed positive immunostaining for β-TSH or β-FSH, β-EH, prolactin and/or α-subunit. These tumors were chromophobic adenomas with no PAS, lead hematoxylin or carmoisine positivity and electron microscopy failed to reveal their morphogenesis. The term null cell adenoma of the pituitary is proposed to designate this tumor type. This term recognizes the most obvious features of these tumors: the absence of markers which would permit the disclosure of their cellular origin. Null cells are also found in the nontumorous adeno-hypophysis, suggesting that null cell adenomas derive from preexisting nonneoplastic null cells. The question of whether pituitary null cells are hormonally inactive committed precursors, uncommitted stem cells or dedifferentiated cells remains to be elucidated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 387 (1980), S. 185-191 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Amniotic epithelium ; Diabetes mellitus ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The epithelium of human amnion was examined under the light and electron microscopes. Morphologically, the amniotic epithelium in diabetes mellitus differs from that of a normal term specimen by the following characteristics: 1. An increase in the number of β-shaped glycogen granules and lipid droplets; 2. The presence of epithelial areas with dead cells; 3. Thickening of the basal membrane. Areas with dead cells could be identified in the amniotic epithelium of diabetic patients. These were not found in normal term pregnancies nor in other types of high-risk pregnancies, such as non-diabetic hydramnios, rhesus incompatibility, or pretoxaemia/toxaemia. These findings may indicate that the areas are specific to diabetes mellitus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 387 (1980), S. 259-270 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Pancreatitis ; Human pancreatitis ; Acute necrotizing pancreatitis ; Acinar cells ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural alterations in pancreatic acini from six patients operated for acute necrotizing pancreatitis are described. One of the patients suffered from biliary tract disease, the rest had excessive alcohol intake as the presumed aetiology. Areas of the pancreatic parenchyma showing oedematous inflammation in light microscopy were studied in the electron microscope. Findings in acinar cells included changes in zymogen granules and an increased autophagocytosis in addition to unspecific organelle alterations. Zymogen granules showed increase in size and number, loss or variation of electron-density and peripheral dissolution. Increased autophagic activity was indicated by several autophagic vacuoles and residual bodies. Acinar lumina were dilated showing effacement of microvilli and invaginations in the luminal plasma membrane of the acinar cells. In acinar lumina and in the interstitium fibrillar material was observed, with an increasing frequency in those areas showing severe cellular disintegration. These findings suggest: 1) an increased activity of zymogen granules, 2) an increased autophagocytosis, and 3) penetration of acinar luminal contents into the interstitium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 388 (1980), S. 69-76 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Myocardial ischaemia ; Membrane permeability ; Horseradish peroxydase ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sarcolemmal membrane permeability to intravenously injected horseradish peroxidase HRP (MW=40,000) was examined in 8 Wistar rats which had temporary ischaemia produced by left coronary artery ligation. HRP reaction product was identified following 6 min of circulation time by light and electron microscopy. Controls included 4 uninjected animals with coronary ligation, 2 uninjected animals without myocardial ischaemia and 2 injected non operated rats. In normal myocardium, the tracer permeated endothelial plasmalemmal vesicles, intercellular spaces and intracellular vesicles of the T-tubule system, but never permeated the cytoplasm of myocardium cells. As early as 15 min after coronary artery ligation followed by 6 min of reperfusion with circulation of the tracer, HRP product could be seen in the cytoplasm of muscle cells randomly distributed in the subendocardial area. The quantity of permeated cells increased when the ischaemic myocardium is reperfused during 10 min before injecting the tracer. These data indicate that sarcolemmal membrane alteration is an early event in myocardial ischaemic injury and precede the irreversible cellular degenerative changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 388 (1980), S. 175-186 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Breast ; Medullary carcinoma ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three cases of medullary carcinoma complying with strictly defined criteria have been examined by electron microscopy. These carcinomas are characterised by the presence of light and dark tumour cells which exhibit prominent organelles and well-developed Golgi complexes but lack secretory activity. The essential stromal cellular infiltrate of macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells contains macrophage-lymphocyte clusters suggesting the existence of an immune response. Also present in the stroma are blood vessels lined by high-endothelial cells of the type said to facilitate lymphocyte migration. It is suggested that light and dark tumour cells with well-developed organelles but absent secretory activity, macrophage-lymphocyte clusters and stromal high-endothelial venules represent specific ultrastructure features of typical medullary carcinoma associated with good prognosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Morphometry ; Human left ventricle ; Mitral insufficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 15 biopsies of dilated and hypertrophied human left ventricles in mitral insufficient hearts were morphometrically investigated. On light and electron microscopical level the results were compared with those received from normally loaded human left ventricles and from hypertrophied human left ventricles found in hearts with aortic valve disease. The results demonstrate alterations when compared with the results from normally loaded left ventricles. The differences between normally loaded and volume loaded left ventricles are smaller than those in pressure loaded left ventricles from aortic valve diseased hearts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 67 (1980), S. 119-123 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Catecholamine distribution ; Regional catecholamine levels ; Microwave irradiation ; Brain tissue structure ; Histological examination ; Electron microscopy ; Light microscopy ; Tissue disruption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Recently we reported regional levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in rat brain following microwave irradiation. In our report, we also compared these levels with those of norepinephrine and dopamine following decapitation. Catecholamine levels following exposure to microwave irradiation significantly increased in several areas. However, whether these increases resulted from compound transfer associated with tissue disruption due to high intensity microwave irradiation was not determined. Sections of corpus striatum and locus coeruleus were examined with a light microscope and the interface of the striatum and the cortex showed no trace of tissue breakdown. Transformed cells, vacuolation, and indications of pyknotic degeneration in the nucleus were found in locus coeruleus after irradiation, but the shapes of these cells were well-defined. Electron microscopic photographs of synapses in the same are showed membrane damage after exposure for 5 s at 1.3 kW, but synaptic vesicles were clearly defined. It was concluded that the increased catecholamine levels were not the result of tissue disruption following rapid heating of the brain by irradiation.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Rod-shaped bodies ; Crystalloid inclusions ; Blood vessels ; Endothelium ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In addition to the usual organelles, endothelial cells of ocular blood vessels and Scheemm's canal in adult and fetal Macaca mulatta, contain two types of inclusions: rod-shaped bodies and crystalloids. The rod-shaped bodies are similar to those first described in arterial endothelia of the rat. They are between 0.2 to 0.35 μm in diameter, up to 2.5 μm in length, and are membrane bounded. The crystalloid inclusions are up to 1.2 μm in diameter and are associated with the granular endoplasmic reticulum. Their crystalline lattice consists of subunits, 28 nm in diameter, which are either arranged in rows separated by amorphous matrix or tightly packed in a honeycomb-like lattice. The rod-shaped bodies are much more numerous than the crystalloids; however, both kinds of inclusions are consistently found in both adult and fetal vessels. They represent normal components of ocular vascular endothelia which appear very early in the development of the eye.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Dementia ; Aging ; Cortical capillaries ; Basement membrane ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Data concerning width and surface of the basement membrane of cortical capillaries in three patients with Alzheimer's disease five age-matched controls, have been submitted to statistical analysis to ascertain the role of the aging process upon thickening of the basement membrane itself. The analysis showed that there was a significant difference between patients with Alzheimer's disease and controls (P〈0.01) as to both width and surface of the basement membrane, so suggesting that in these patients aging was not the only factor which thickening of the basement membrane of cortical capillaries was related to.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 50 (1980), S. 109-114 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Blastomyces dermatitides ; North American blastomycosis ; Electron microscopy ; Subplasmalemmal linear density ; Fungal infection of central nervous system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Biopsy tissue from a cerebellar blastomycoma in a 48-year-old man was studied by electron microscopy. The fine structure of the fungi recapitulated that of the yeast forms described in cultures and culture implants. Mycelial forms were not encountered. The yeasts displayed lamellated cell walls and occasional multinucleation. Persistent broad-based budding with complex membranous profiles related to the cell membrane was prominent. The organisms were found within multinucleated giant cells and macrophages which exhibited subplasmalemmal linear densities and occasional desmosomal junctions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 50 (1980), S. 163-166 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Uremia ; Hemodialysis ; Kidney transplantation ; Electron microscopy ; Myopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Gastrocnemius muscle biopsies from 19 patients with chronic renal failure were studied by electron microscopy. Thirteen of the biopsies contained pathological muscle fibers. Myopathic findings, such as autolysis and phagocytosis, were seen in eight. Neurogenic findings, such as small atrophic fibers, were observed in seven. Non-specific changes, such as myofibrillar degeneration, abnormal vacuoles, glycogen accumulation, and lipofuscin pigment were also frequent findings. The structural changes from normal were quantitatively more frequent and qualitatively more severe in the muscles of the hemodialysis patients in comparison with those seen in the other patient groups (diet, transplant).
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 50 (1980), S. 153-157 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Toruloma ; Cryptococcus ; Electron microscopy ; Subplasmalemmal linear density ; Epithelioid cells ; Macrophages ; Granulomatous disease ; Fungal infection of central nervous system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Biopsy tissue from a human cerebral toruloma was studied ultrastructurally. Numerous yeasts were found within extracellular space and within macrophages or epithelioid cells and demonstrated a prominent mucopolysaccharide capsule. Extensive vacuolization of yeast-bearing macrophages was demonstrated. Coating material lined these vacuoles as well as the surface of these cells where numerous coatacts with lymphocytes were observed. The macjophages further displayed prominent subplasmalemmal linear densities, structures common to epithelioid cells in granulomatous diseases as well as a variety of cells of presumed mesodermal origin.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 49 (1980), S. 85-87 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy ; Muscle biopsy ; Nuclear inclusions ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural examination of skeletal muscle biopsies of three typical cases of autosomal dominant inherited oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy showed collections of tubular filaments (8.5 nm in diameter) within muscle fibre nuclei. These filaments appear to be a characteristic morphological feature of oculopharyngeal dystrophy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 51 (1980), S. 229-235 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Rimmed vacuoles ; Lined vacuoles ; Autophagic vacuoles ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rimmed vacuoles (Dubowitz and Brooke 1973) have been found in 12 cases with various neuromuscular diseases and are considered to be autophagic in nature. They consisted of multilaminated membranous structures accompanied by glycogen granules, dense bodies, and amorphous, granular, and fibrillar material. The contents of the vacuoles were regarded as having partially dissolved out of the vacuoles in cryostat sections but some were plastered along the walls of the vacuoles and were depicted by the staining procedures for light microscopy. The “lined vacuoles” described by Carpenter et al. (1978) in inclusion body myositis closely agree with the rimmed vacuoles in respect of histochemical and ultrastructural features.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 159 (1980), S. 81-84 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Myelinated dendrites ; Frog ; Motoneuron ; Spinal cord
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Myelinated dendrites — probably of motoneurons — were found in the spinal cord of the frog. It is assumed that the myelin sheath, by increasing the membrane resistance, improves the function of the dendrite as a cable.
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 267 (1980), S. 115-121 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Hyalinosis of the skin ; Glycosaminoglycan metabolism ; Fibroblasts ; Electron microscopy ; Tissue culture ; Hyalinose der Haut ; Glykosaminoglykan-Stoffwechsel ; Fibroblasten ; Elektronenmikroskopie ; Gewebekultur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch biochemische Untersuchungen von hyalinisierten Hauttumoren der systematisierten Hyalinose (juvenile hyaline Fibromatose) zeigte sich eine gesteigerte Chondroitinsulfatsynthese von dermalen Fibroblasten, die sich in einem erweiterten rauhen endoplasmatischen Reticulum darstellt, sowie eine Steigerung des Chondroitinsulfat-Gehaltes im befallenen Hautbereich. Diese Ergebnisse weisen auf, daß es sich bei der systematisierten Hyalinose um eine Bindegewebserkrankung handelt, die durch eine abnorme Glykosaminoglykan-Synthese der Fibroblasten charakterisiert ist.
    Notes: Summary Biochemical examinations of a hyalinized skin tumor of systemic hyalinosis (juvenile hyaline fibromatosis) revealed an increase in chondroitin sulfate synthesis by skin fibroblasts with an enlarged, rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum as well as an increase in chondroitin sulfate content. These results indicate that systemic hyalinosis is a connective tissue disorder characterized by abnormal GAG synthesis of fibroblasts.
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 50 (1980), S. 43-52 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Hypoglycemia ; Nerve cell injury ; Electron microscopy ; Rat cerebral cortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Severe hypoglycemia was induced in rats by insulin. The brain was fixed in situ by perfusion after the spontaneous EEG had disappeared for 30 or 60 min or after recovery had been induced for 30 or 180 min by glucose injection. Samples from the cerebral cortex from the area corresponding to the previous metabolic studies were processed for electron microscopy. The light-microscopic finding of two different types of nerve cell injury, reported in a preceding communication (Agardh et al. 1980), was also verified at the ultrastructural level. The type I injury was characterized by cellular shrinkage, condensation of the cell sap and nuclei, and perineuronal astrocytic swelling. No swelling of mitochondria occurred. The slightly swollen type II injured neurons showed contraction of mitochondria, disintegration of ribosomes, loss of RER, and appearance of membrane whorls, while their nuclear chromatin remained evenly distributed. No transition from one type to the other was observed. Neither type of nerve cell injury in hypoglycemia was like that commonly seen in anoxic-ischemic insults indicating a different pathogenesis in these states despite the common final pathway of energy failure. The loss of endoplasmic membranes and disintegration of ribosomes suggests that these structures might be sacrificed for energy production in the absence of normal substrates. During recovery, though, the number of type I injured neurons decreased while some of the remaining ones appeared even more severely affected, suggesting irreversible damage. Type II injured neurons were no longer seen indicating reversibility of these changes.
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 50 (1980), S. 121-129 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebral infarction ; Cerebral ischemia ; Collateral sprouting ; Electron microscopy ; Mongolian gerbil ; Terminal degeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Distinct morphological changes were demonstrated in the contralateral hemisphere in the brains of Mongolian gerbils that were subjected to transient unilateral cerebral ischemia. The alterations were most obvious in a narrow region of the contralateral dentate gyrus (fascia dentata), where commissural inputs to the dentate gyrus are known to form synapses with the dentate granule cells. Electron microscopic examination revealed that these changes were caused by degenerative processes which took place in presynaptic terminals of the commissural inputs. An interesting fact was that the degenerated terminals were detected by light microscopy without the aid of special silver impregnation methods. After 1 week, these alterations almost disappeared, and after 3 months the dentate gyrus was undistinguishable from normal. These results strongly suggest that the changes were closely related to axonal degeneration and subsequent repair mechanisms of the brain. The present study indicates the importance of such anatomo-pathological study to delineate the effect of focal ischemia upon distant areas of the brain.
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 52 (1980), S. 41-50 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Kinky hair syndrome ; Brindled mouse ; Purkinje cell ; Mitochondria ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Chronological morphological alterations of the cerebellum, with particular attention to the Purkinje cells, were investigated in the brindled mottled MObr mouse, a neurological mutant mouse with close clinical similarity to Kinky hair syndrome (KHS) in humans. Seven days post-natally, slight irregularity in the morphology of mitochondria of the Purkinje cell perikarya was the only significant difference between hemizygous MObr mice and litter mate controls. With advancing age the mitochondrial change became more pronounced gradually in the former, not only in the perikarya but also in the dendrites. However, by day 31 or later the mitochondrial change subsided gradually and by day 91, the mitochondria in the majority of Purkinje cells became indistinguishable from those of littermate controls. Despite the extensive mitochondrial alteration, degeneration and necrosis of Purkinje cells were rather mild. Degeneration of white matter was quite conspicuous in the mutant mouse older than 31 days. These morphological changes of the cerebellum are compared with those of other neurological mutant mice, Nervous and Purkinje cell degeneration, and with KHS in humans.
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 52 (1980), S. 213-222 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Axonal alterations ; Spinal gray matter ; Normal cat ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In our recent ultrastructural studies on synapses of the nucleus dorsalis, central cervical nucleus, and anterior horn of the spinal cord of the normal cat we happened to find spheroids and several types of axonal alterations. These spheroids were up to 39 μm in diameter. They were found in myelinated and unmyelinated terminal axons and at the node of Ranvier and showed two different types of internal structure. One type was large and composed of spirally arranged neurofilaments and mitochondria in increased quantity, although the mean population density of mitochondria was not high being 1.4/μm2 as compared to the normal value 2.0/μm2. Another type was smaller and consisted of small mitochondria and dense bodies which were increased in number: their mean population densities were 4.5/μm2 and 1.9/μm2, respectively. At present, the rare occurrence of spheroids and atypical axonal alterations makes it difficult to determine the origin of affected axons, although some of them presumably arise from primary afferents.
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 269 (1980), S. 39-49 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Mouse skin ; UV-light ; Experimental elastosis ; Light microscopy ; Electron microscopy ; Mäusehaut ; ultraviolettes Licht ; experimentelle Elastose ; Lichtmikroskopie ; Elektronenmikroskopie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß chronischer UV-Lichteinwirkung auf das dermale Bindegewebe der Nacktmaus (Ng/-) wurde licht- und elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht (25 Tiere; Dauer der Bestrahlung 8,5 Monate; tägliche Strahlendosis 40±2 J/cm2). Die induzierten Bindegewebsveränderungen entsprechen weitgehend dem Bild, wie es bei der menschlichen aktinischen Elastose angetroffen wird.
    Notes: Summary The effect of long-term ultraviolet irradiation on the connective tissue of the skin was investigated in 25 naked (Ng/-) mice which received a total daily radiant dose of 40±2 J/cm2 for a period of 8.5 months. The produced alterations were very similar to those found in actinic elastosis of humans, as assessed by histologic and electron-microscopic criteria.
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  • 28
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    Archives of dermatological research 268 (1980), S. 91-99 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Hypermelanosis ; Café au lait spot ; Ataxia-telangiectasia ; Electron microscopy ; Hypermelanose ; Café au lait-Flecken ; Ataxia teleangiectasia ; Elektronenmikroskopie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Café au lait-Flecken scheinen eine der Hautzeichen der Ataxia teleangiectasia zu sein. Sie sind durch eine epidermale Hypermelanosis mit einer normalen Melanocytenzahl charakterisiert. Vom subcellulären Gesichtspunkt wurden zwei wesentliche Abnormalitäten beobachtet. 1. Eine Erhöhung der Synthese von Melanosomen 2. eine Modifikation ihrer Verteilung innerhalb der epidermalen Keratinocyten. Zahlreiche Melanocyten sind in der oberen Epidermis aufzufinden. Auch veränderte Melanocyten sind zu beobachten. Diese zeigen Erweiterung der Mitochondrien, Entwicklung melanosomaler autophagischer Vacuolen, wie auch Fett-Tropfen. Diese Abnormalitäten wurden nicht in der umgebenden normalen Haut aufgefunden. Die Signifikanz dieser Beobachtungen wird diskutiert. Es wird auf die Schweirigkeiten hingewiesen, die aufgrund der histoenzymologischen und ultrastrukturellen Gegebenheiten eine Differentialdiagnose der Café au lait-Flecken ermöglichen könnte.
    Notes: Summary Café au lait spots appear to represent one of the cutaneous features of Ataxia-telangiectasia (A.T.). At the cellular level, they are characterized by an epidermal hypermelanosis with a normal number of melanocytes. At the subcellular level, two basic abnormalities are observed: (1) an increase in the synthesis of melanosome; (2) a modification of their distribution within the epidermal keratinocytes. Numerous pendulous melanocytes project into the upper dermis. Altered melanocytes are also observed. These show mitochondrial dilatation, melanosomal autophagic vacuoles, as well as lipid droplets. These abnormalities are not observed in the normal surrounding skin. The significance of these observations is discussed and stress is placed on the difficulty in establishing a differential diagnosis of café au lait spots, based on their histoenzymological and ultrastructural features.
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  • 29
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    Archives of dermatological research 267 (1980), S. 141-152 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Retinoids ; Keratinocytes ; Keratinization disorders ; Electron microscopy ; Retinoide ; Keratinocyten ; Verhornungsstörungen ; Elektronenmikroskopie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Auswirkung hoher peroraler Dosen des aromatischen Retinoids Ro 10-9359 (25 mg/kg/Tag) auf Meerschweinchenepidermis wurde licht- und elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Die morphologischen Alterationen ließen sich in zwei Stadien einteilen: (a) Daserste Stadium umfaßt entzündliche Gewebsveränderungen, die nach 1wöchiger Applikation einsetzten. Charakteristisch waren das Fehlen der Hornschicht und die vacuoläre cytoplasmatische Disintegration des Stratum Malpighii mit intracellulärem Ödem und stellenweise Ansammlung PAS-positiver Substanzen. Tonofilamente und Desmosomen waren zahlenmäßig vermindert, während Keratinosomen vermehrt auftraten. (b) Imzweiten Regenerationsstadium waren nach 3wöchiger Applikation Ödem und Vacuolisierung rückläufig, eine Hornschicht mit fokaler Parakeratose trat auf und eine mäßige Akanthose war nachweisbar. Elektronenmikroskopisch fand sich eine Hypergranulose, zum Teil mit ungewöhnlichen spongiformen Keratohyalingranula. Die Zahl der Tonofilamente, Desmosomen und Keratinosomen ließ eine deutliche Tendenz zur Normalisierung erkennen. Diese Befunde zeigen, daß die systemische Anwendung von hochdosiertem aromatischen Retinoid zu einem zytotoxischen, keratolytischen und mukoplastischen Effekt an der normalen Epidermis des Meerschweinchens führt; doch die betroffenen Zellen entwickeln offenbar Adaptationsmechanismen, so daß trotz weiterer Verabreichung des Medikamentes es zu einer Restaurierung dieser Veränderungen und zu einer Stimulierung der epidermalen Proliferation mit Akanthose kommt.
    Notes: Summary The effect of oral aromatic retinoid Ro 10-9359 in a high dosage (25 mg/kg/day) on guinea pig epidermis was investigated by light and electron microscopy. The induced morphological alterations showed two different stages: (a) In theinjury stage, seen after one week of retinoid administration, the epidermis was mainly characterized by lack of the horny layer and vacuolar cytoplasmic disintegration of the malpighian layer with intracellular edema and accumulation of some PAS-positive material. Tonofilaments and desmosomes were markedly reduced, keratinosomes were increased in number. (b) In therecovery stage, seen after 3 weeks of administration, the horny layer had reappeared, the edematous and vacuolar changes were diminished and the epidermis became slightly acanthotic. Hypergranulosis with numerous spongiform keratohyalin granules was a prominent feature. The number of tonofilaments, desmosomes, and keratinosomes showed a clear tendency to normalization. In conclusion, high systemic doses of aromatic retinoid initially exert a cytotoxic, keratolytic, and mucoplastic effect on the normal guinea pig epidermis. Nevertheless, the affected keratinocytes adapt themselves, despite the further administration of the drug, showing a gradual restoration of these changes and a stimulation of epidermal proliferation, leading to acanthosis.
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  • 30
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    Calcified tissue international 30 (1980), S. 43-50 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Osteogenesis ; In vitro ; Electron microscopy ; Mineralization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Chick limb mesenchymal cells differentiate into muscle, cartilage, fibrous, and bone tissue. Previous reports show that when stage 24 limb mesenchymal cells are cultured in vitro, chondrocytes, myocytes, fibrocytes, and osteoblasts can be identified on the basis of morphological and biochemical parameters. The study reported here demonstrates that phenotypic expression in culture seems to be dependent on the initial plating density, Scanning electron microscopic observations indicate that when stage 24 limb mesenchymal cells are initially seeded at high densities (5 × 106 cells per 35 mm culture dish), mounds of cells appear in culture. These mounds represent cartilage nodules composed of a fine fibrous matrix and chondrocytes, surrounded by a loose fibrous connective tissue matrix. Cultures initially plated at intermediate densities (2.0–2.5 × 106 cells/35 mm culture dish) produce a flattened layer of fibrocytes overlying a matrix of collagen fibers and calcium phosphate deposits as determined by electron-microprobe analysis; these observations are indicative of osteoblast expression. Cells seeded at this intermediate density appear larger and possess greater surface area than cells seeded at high density. It is suggested that conditions that permit such increased cell surface area coupled with a relative compaction due to cell crowding may provide conditions permissive for osteogenesis. Based on morphological criteria, it appears that chick limb mesenchymal cell osteogenesis in vitro is not associated with chondrogenesis but represents a separate route of phenotypic expression.
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  • 31
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Rat ; Calvarium ; Electron microscopy ; Preosteoclasts ; Osteoclasts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary This is a study of the fine structure of cells of the 20-day fetal rat calvarium. Special attention is given to identifying and characterizing preosteoclasts. These cells are relatively common and located largely, but not exclusively, at the endocranial bone surface. The preosteoclasts are characterized by abundant mitochondria, an incomplete perinuclear Golgi apparatus, and variable-shaped dense granules. The dense granules are unique in appearance in that they contain an internal dense matrix surrounded by a clear halo. Most granules are circular in shape but some are elongate or tubular in form. Granules with identical appearance are observed in osteoclasts. The preosteoclasts are mononucleate, or occasionally binucleate. It is suggested that because preosteoclasts are morphologically distinctive and relatively abundant, it should be feasible to separate these cells from a heterogeneous cell isolate.
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  • 32
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Decalcification ; Electron microscopy ; Bone matrix ; Bone glycoproteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary A solution of triethylammonium EDTA in 80% ethanol was evaluated as a demineralizing reagent for bone in comparison with aqueous solutions of EDTA. Biochemical analysis and acrylamide gel electrophoresis of extracts of finely powdered bovine bone showed that most of the macromolecular components of the organic matrix extractable in aqueous EDTA were retained when the triethylammonium EDTA reagent was used. Ultrastructural examination of chick tibias decalcified with the reagents showed a better preservation of cellular morphology, especially the membranous components, and more uniformly distributed ground substance, though slightly less in quantity, when the aqueous reagent was used. Use of the two reagents appears to be complementary, the alkylammonium reagent being more appropriate for use in studies of the organic matrix of bone, including immunohistochemical studies of bone glycoproteins. The aqueous reagent is more appropriate for use in studies of cellular ultrastructure.
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  • 33
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    Experimental brain research 40 (1980), S. 119-121 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Rana esculenta ; Spinal cord ; Granular vesicles ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two types of large granular vesicles have been demonstrated in the spinal cord of the frog Rana esculenta. Each type is contained in different fibres located in the neuropil of the ventral horn. The two types of vesicles differ in their diameter and quantity, in the smoothness of their limiting membrane and the electron density of their core. The possibility that they contain peptides is discussed.
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  • 34
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Mitochondrion ; Polybrominated biphenyl ; Liver ; Electron microscopy ; Toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Electron microscopic study of livers from mice fed 167 ppm polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) revealed mitochondrial abnormalities which consisted of both alterations in size and the formation of crystalline-like inclusions within the mitochondrial matrix. These inclusions appeared as parallel arrays of rods and were found in elongated mitochondria which contained few cristae. The findings are briefly described and the possible significance of such inclusions in relation to mitochondrial aberrations are discussed.
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  • 35
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    Journal of molecular medicine 58 (1980), S. 667-680 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Amyloidose ; Glomerulus ; Proteinurie ; Elektronenmikroskopie ; Amyloidogenese ; Amyloidosis ; Glomerulus ; Proteinuria ; Electron microscopy ; Amyloidogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Light and electron microscopic investigations were carried out on kidney biopsies in renal amyloidosis cases. Particular attention was paid to the relationships between glomerular amyloidosis and proteinuria. On the basis of a grading of the amyloidotic glomeruli (grade G 1: only mesangium affected; G 2: mesangium affected with involvement of less than 50% of the loops; G 3: mesangium affected with involvement of more than 50% of the loops; G 4: amyloidotic obliteration), the individual cases were graded according to the predominance of the G grade into four grades (CI to CIV). It was shown that the majority of the cases investigated belong to grade CII and III. However, four cases of grade C I (predominant involvement of the mesangium only, i.e. the capillary loops were free of amyloid) with proteinuria up to 12 g/24 h were also observed. All four groups (C I to C IV) showed comparable mean values for proteinuria despite extreme differences in the degree of amyloidosis. In the pooled evaluation of the electron micrographs of capillary loops including the mesangium of all cases investigated (C I to C III), there was the following result: 1. 94% of the sectioned mesangia contained fibrillar amyloid. 2. Amyloid-containing mesangia can be associated either with amyloid-containing loops (type a=34%), with borderline loops (type b=35%) or with loops of normal structure (type n=31%). Under the simplifying assumption that the section picture is representative for the entire loop, this means that in biopsies of renal amyloidosis grades C I to C III (proteinuria between 2.5 and 20 g/24 h) on average more than half of the glomerular capillary loops were found to be free of amyloid. 3. In relation to the individual case groups, the percentage of amyloid-containing loops is shown to differ. Indeed, in the group with the lowest degree of amyloidosis (C I) an average of 92% of the capillary loops proved to be free of amyloid despite proteinuria of up to 12 g/24 h (type b and n). It is inferred from these and other data that the elevation in permeability of the glomerular filter must in principle be independent of the presence of morphologically demonstrable fibrillar amyloid in the capillary loop. On the other hand, the essential importance for the filter defect is accorded to the process of “amyloidogenesis”, which interferes with the physicochemical characteristics of the gel filter and which is followed by “manifestation of amyloid”. The morphological findings and a few apparently contradictory clinical observations can be explained on this basis.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung An Nierenbiopsien bei Nierenamyloidose wurden licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen ausgeführt, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Zusammenhänge zwischen Amyloidose des Glomerulus und Proteinurie. Auf der Grundlage einer Graduierung der amyloidotischen Glomeruli (Grad G1: rein mesangialer Befall; G 2: mesangialer Befall mit Beteiligung der Schlingen weniger als 50%; CIII mesangialer Befall mit Beteiligung der Schlingen mehr als 50%; G 4: amyloidotische Verödung) wurden die einzelnen Fälle je nach Vorherrschen des G-Grades graduiert (CI bis C IV). Es zeigte sich, daß die Mehrzahl der untersuchten Fälle den Graden C II und C III angehören. Es wurden aber auch 4 Fälle des Grades C I (ganz überwiegend rein mesangialer Befall, d.h. amyloidfreie Kapillarschlingen) mit Proteinurie bis 12 g/24 h beobachtet. Alle vier Gruppen (CI bis CIV) zeigten trotz extremer Unterschiede im Amyloidbefall vergleichbare Mittelwerte für die Proteinurie. Bei der gemeinsamen (gepoolten) Auswertung der elektronenmikroskopischen Aufnahmen von Kapillarschlingen inclusive Mesangium aller untersuchten Fälle (C I bis C III) ergab sich folgendes: 1. 90% der getroffenen Mesangien enthielten fibrilläres Amyloid. 2. Amyloidhaltige Mesangien können in Verbindung stehen entweder mit amyloidhaltigen Schlingen (Typ a=34%) oder mit Borderline-Schlingen (Typ b=35%) oder mit normal strukturierten Schlingen (Typ n=31%). Unter der vereinfachenden Voraussetzung, daß das Schnittbild für die gesamte Schlinge repräsentativ ist, bedeutet das, daß bei Nierenamyloidosen mit erheblicher Proteinurie im Mittel weit mehr als die Hälfte der glomerulären Kapillarschlingen amyloidfrei gefunden wird. In der Gruppe mit dem geringsten Amyloidbefall (C I) erweisen sich trotz Proteinurie bis 12 g/24 h im Mittel sogar 92% der Kapillarschlingen als amyloidfrei (Typ b und n). Aus diesen und anderen Daten wird abgeleitet, daß die Permeabilitätserhöhung des glomerulären Filters unabhängig sein muß von der Anwesenheit morphologisch nachweisbaren fibrillären Anyloids an der Schlinge. Die wesentliche Bedeutung für den Filterdefekt wird vielmehr dem Vorgang der „Amyloidogenese“ zugesprochen, der als solcher in die physikochemische Beschaffenheit des Gelfilters eingreift und der von der „Amyloidmanifestation“ gefolgt ist. Auf dieser Grundlage lassen sich die erhobenen morphologischen Befunde und einige scheinbar widersprüchliche klinische Beobachtungen erklären.
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  • 36
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Allomyces ; Zoospores ; Cell wall ; Chitin ; Gamma particle ; Encystment ; Electron microscopy ; Calcofluor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Structural changes during cell wall formation by populations of semisynchronously germinating zoospores were studied in the water mold Allomyces macrogynus. Fluorescence microscopy using Calcofluor white ST (which binds to β-1,4-linked glycans) demonstrated that Calcofluor-specific material was deposited around most cells between 2–10 min after the induction of encystment (beginning when a wall-less zoospore retracts its flagellum and rounds up). During the first 15 min of encystment there was a progressive increase in fluorescence intensity. Ultrastructural analysis of encysting cells showed that within 2–10 min after the induction of encystment small vesicles 35–70 nm diameter were present near the spore surface, and some were in the process of fusing with the plasma membrane. The fusion of vesicles with the zoospore membrane was concomitant with the appearance of electron-opaque fibrillar material outside the plasma membrane. Vesicles similar to those near the spore surface were found within the gamma (γ) particles of encysting cells. These particles had a crystalline inclusion within the electron-opaque matrix. During the period of initial cyst cell wall formation numerous vesicles appeared to arise at the crystal-matrix interface. Approximately 15–20 min was required for the cell wall to be formed. We suggest that the initial response of the zoospore to induction of encystment is the formation of a cell wall mediated by the fusion of cytoplasmic vesicles with the plasma membrane.
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  • 37
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    Archives of microbiology 126 (1980), S. 277-283 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Bacteriophage ; Myxococcus ; λ ; Superooiled DNA ; Cross-linking ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract DNA was partially released from the heads of myxococcus phages and also coliphage λ and examined by electron microscopy by a modification of the Kleinschmidt technique, in which water was used as hypophase. DNA emerged from the heads in patterns suggestive of newly relaxed supercoils. The unreleased DNA appeared to occupy discrete regions in the head. Some closed circles were released from λ heads. When NaCl solution was used as hypophase, the DNA was observed either released from the tail or from the head, in the latter case, supercoiled regions were observed. When NH4OAc solution was used as hypophase, tightly wound structures were released from λ heads; these fields also contained supercoiled circles. The presence of constrained supercoiled domains in newly released phage DNA was confirmed by observing the effects of ethidium bromide on its conformation. Treatment of phage with nitrogen mustard, a bifunctional alkylating agent, preserved supercoiled domains, even when the phage were lysed over water as hypophase. Further experiments suggested that phage inactivation by nitrogen mustard is largely due to restraint of the supercoiled, native, tertiary structure and that DNA-protein cross-linking may be involved in this reaction. The implications of these findings for the conformation of phage DNA in vivo are discussed and a new model for the winding of DNA in phage heads is proposed.
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  • 38
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Immunoferritin labeling ; Electron microscopy ; Membrane vesicles ; Nitrate reductase ; Bacillus licheniformis ; Klebsiella aerogenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The indirect immunoferritin labeling method was used to localize the membrane-bound respiratory nitrate reductase in membrane vesicles and protoplasts or spheroplasts of Bacillus licheniformis and Klebsiella aerogenes, respectively. For a comparison of the labeling of the various vesicle preparations, which differed not only in size but also in the percentage of inside-out orientation, a quantification of the results was needed to circumvent the problem of non-specifically bound ferritin. From the results the sidedness of the nitrate reductase in the cytoplasmic membrane of the abovementioned bacteria was determined as being cytoplasmic in B. licheniformis and as transmembranous in K. aerogenes.
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  • 39
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    Archives of microbiology 128 (1980), S. 12-18 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Moraxella glucidolytica ; Electron microscopy ; Lipopolysaccharide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A cellular (LPS I) and extracellular (LPS II) lipopolysaccharide were isolated from Moraxella glucidolytica cells grown on ethanol and from the culture fluid, respectively. Both LPS were toxic when injected to mice and chick embryos. These LPS contained glucose, galactose, glucosamine, galactosamine, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate and lipids. By permethylation studies, glucose was found to be linked (1→6) and (1→3) in LPS I and only (1→6) in LPS II. Galactose was the terminal non-reducing sugar. Branching occurred at positions 3 and 4 of galactose residues. LPS I was rich in α- and β-hydroxylauric and α-hydroxymyristic acids and LPS II contained mainly stearic and α-hydroxymyristic acids. LPS I was detoxified by mild acid and alkaline treatments. It was also dissociated by sodium deoxycholate and chromatographed on Sephadex G-75. The main fraction was reassociated by removing the surfactant by dialysis. The morphology of LPS I and LPS II was examined by electron microscopy. LPS I (original and reassociated fractions) consisted exclusively of ribbons while LPS II contained ribbons and vesicles.
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  • 40
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    Archives of microbiology 126 (1980), S. 87-95 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Ascodichaena ; Beech bark ; Electron microscopy ; Host-fungus relationship
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ascodichaena rugosa Butin is a corkinhabiting fungus, found frequently on the bark of Fagus sylvatica L. The hyphae of the fungus are distributed solely in the phellem cells, stopping their growth in the last-formed cork cell layer. The cell to cell invasion is effected by penetration hyphae, causing no extensive dissolution of the cork wall. Electron microscopical observations revealed fine structural details of the fruit bodies and of the intracellular hyphae. Of special interest were the finger-like hyaline hyphae in the last-formed layer of cork cells, which are interpreted as haustoria on the basis of the fine structure both of hyphae and host cells. This situation is considered as reflecting a parasitic relationship of Ascodichaena to beech bark. The activity of the fungus led also to the increased production of cork cells, perhaps related to the nutrient supply of the fungus.
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  • 41
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    Virchows Archiv 385 (1980), S. 215-231 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Sphingomyelinase deficit ; Niemann-Pick disease ; Liver ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The results of a complex analysis of liver tissue are presented (four biopsy and two autopsy samples) obtained from six patients with Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) with a gross deficiency of sphingomyelinase (SMase) accompanied by a typical increase in sphingomyelin (SM). There were five cases of NPD type A (four of them with an atypical, prolonged course) and one case of type B. By means of lipid histochemistry it was possible to demonstrate SM storage both in hepatocytes and in the reticuloendothelial system (RES) of the liver (Kupffer cells and portal macrophages) and to show in two siblings with NPD type A a so-far undescribed centrilobular storage pattern. Enzyme histochemistry revealed a secondary deficit of nonspecific esterase activity and acid β-galactosidase in liver storage macrophages and varying degrees of suppression of hepatocytic enzyme activities as a reaction to lipid storage of sudden onset. Ultrastructurally, it was possible to demonstrate cholesterol in lysosomes by using digitonin fixation, the involvement of Ito cells in lipid storage, the aggregation of storage lysosomes with certain other organelles and their occasional connections with the endoplasmic reticulum. The problems of possible lipid extraction during processing were considered as a cause of pronounced lysosomal electron-lucidity and of the ultrastructural identification of the participating lipopigment. The significance of the findings is discussed in relation to the existing classification and, particularly, to the stored lipid dilemma of cases of NPD type C.
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  • 42
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    Cell & tissue research 206 (1980), S. 55-63 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Phagocytosis ; Spermatozoa ; Ovum ; Fertilization ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Spermatozoa with intact acrosomes, as well as those coming into contact with the ovum at a smaller angle, and morphologically abnormal spermatozoa reach the plasma membrane of the ovum via an extensively dissolved zone of the inner layer of the vitelline membrane. This zone is assumed to be formed by overlapping of two or more tunnels formed by spermatozoa that had previously come into contact with the ovum. When a spermatozoon comes into contact with the plasma membrane of the ovum, many cytoplasmic processes extend outwards and cover it. Thereafter, the plasma membranes of the processes fuse, thereby phagocytizing the spermatozoon. It is assumed that the phagocytized spermatozoa cannot undergo transformation into male pronuclei and that they degenerate soon after phagocytosis.
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  • 43
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    Cell & tissue research 206 (1980), S. 225-232 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Compound eye ; Photoreceptor membrane ; Electron microscopy ; Calcium-induced changes ; Artefacts ; Diptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary When the compound eyes of the fly Lucilia are fixed for electron microscopy with glutaraldehyde in common buffer solutions, artefactual whorls are liable to be formed from the photoreceptor microvilli. The whorls result from two factors: (i) a prolonged time interval prior to osmication, such as the “overnight” primary fixation or wash at 4° C commonly used in studies of compound eyes; (ii) as little as 1–2 mM Ca++ in the primary fixative and wash solutions. Osmication after short (1 h) glutaraldehyde fixation at 4° C, or omission of Ca++ and addition of 2 mM EGTA, prevent whorl-formation. In the tipulid fly Ptilogyna, similar artefacts are produced, but are confined to the distal zone of the microvilli that sheds during turnover.
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  • 44
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    Cell & tissue research 211 (1980), S. 83-93 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Epithelium ; Cloaca ; Electron microscopy ; Hen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The epithela of the three divisions (coprodaeum, urodaeum, proctodaeum) of the cloaca of the hen, and of the excretory ducts (colon, ureter, vagina) which join the divisions, are described using light microscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Each region of the cloaca has its typical epithelium. Special attention is focussed in this study on the boundaries between the different epithelia. The coprodaeal epithelium does not differ considerably from that of the colon; a transitional zone is not visible. Distinct border zones, however, are observed between the other regions (ureter — urodaeum; vagina — urodaeum and proctodaeum; urodaeum-proctodaeum; proctodaeum — cutis). Although the vaginal opening is generally thought to lie in the urodaeum, our investigations show that at the vaginal opening into the cloaca the ciliated epithelium changes, on one border to a secretory epithelium characteristic of the urodaeum and on the other border to that characteristic of the proctodaeum. These observations are discussed in relation to functional aspects.
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  • 45
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    Cell & tissue research 211 (1980), S. 171-174 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pancreatic D cell ; Neural control ; Vagotomy ; Electron microscopy ; Fowl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In an attempt to determine the neural control of pancreatic D cells, the pancreatic islets of the domestic fowl were examined electron microscopically from 1 to 28 days after abdominal vagotomy. Exocytotic release of many secretory granules from D cells occurred one day after vagotomy. Rough endoplasmic reticulum developed and formed an arrangement of concentric whorls in the cytoplasm of D cells after axotomy. The altered D cells were also characterized by the occurrence of many peculiar dense bodies in the apical cytoplasm at all time periods studied. These bodies varied in shape and size, containing several round vesicles. The D cells were extensively depleted of granules after the longer time periods following vagotomy. The present results provide new morphological evidence for the vagus-nerve control of D cells, which may regulate the activity of islet cells.
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  • 46
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    Cell & tissue research 211 (1980), S. 191-206 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Transplants ; Vasopressin ; Median eminence ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Blocks of anterior hypothalamus were transplanted from 19 day-old fetuses of Wistar/Lewis rats into the third ventricle of adult male Brattleboro rats. Physiological changes in graft recipients and in sham-operated animals were monitored daily. Twenty days after surgery, the graft recipients and shamoperated animals were killed and their brains examined by correlative scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Host animals that exhibited both decreased polydipsia and increased urine concentration were found to have viable grafts within the third ventricle. The observed physiological changes suggested that synthesis and release of vasopressin occurred in the transplanted neurons. Grafts were well vascularized by vessels arising from the host hypothalamus. Neurons, with perikarya ranging from 8 to 30 μm in diameter, glial cells, and neurites were located throughout the transplants. A neurohemal contact zone, similar to that normally seen in the median eminence, could not be demonstrated in the grafts. The absence of complete glial and ependymal barriers indicates a relatively close association between cells in the transplants and the cerebrospinal fluid. A large increase in supraependymal neurons and their processes, including an eruption of neurons through the floor of the third ventricle in one animal, was observed in graft recipients but not in shamoperated animals.
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  • 47
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    Cell & tissue research 206 (1980), S. 303-318 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Area postrema, rat ; Ependyma ; Cyst ; Circumventricular organs ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Peculiar cells forming cysts were observed in the area postrema and sometimes also in the choroid plexus and the tela chorioidea near the area postrema, and were studied in detail by electron microscopy. The cytological features of the cyst cell and its junctional relationship to neighboring cells imply that cyst cells are derived from ependymal and choroid epithelial cells. The cyst cells usually contact directly the perivascular spaces of postremal, choroidal or pial capillaries, where the cytoplasm is often considerably attenuated. The cystic lumen is commonly filled with a flocculent material. The limiting membrane of the cystic lumen, which frequently bears cilia and microvilli, has the same thickness as the surface cell membrane. In many cases, the cyst is surrounded by the cytoplasm of a single cell. In some cases, however, two cells participate in the formation of the cyst, although one is only a slender process and joined by a zonula occludens with the main cyst cell. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injected into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space failed to enter the cystic lumen. A possible significance of the cyst in relation to the CSF and blood circulation was considered.
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  • 48
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    Cell & tissue research 210 (1980), S. 447-459 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lipid ; Kidney tubules, proximal ; Autoradiography ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lipid metabolism in the cells of the renal proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) was investigated in healthy fowls and in fowls with the Fatty Liver and Kidney Syndrome (FLKS). The tissue was fixed at 10–25 min intervals after intravenous injection of 3H-oleic acid. The distribution of autoradiographic grains was analysed by the “circle method”. In normal cells most of the silver grains were associated with the cytoplasmic organelles. Lipid droplets and Golgi elements had the highest specific activity relative to the nuclear activity, which was little above background level. Lysosome-like bodies and mitochondria had lower values. In the cells of the FLKS-affected birds a large proportion of the grains was located over the lipid droplets, which are abundant in this condition. The specific activity of the cytoplasmic organelles was barely 2-fold higher than the nuclear activity. The results suggest that there is a diminished incorporation of esterified fatty acids by the organelles of these cells and that the excess is transferred to the lipid droplets. The identity of low electron density particles observed in the PCT cells of severely affected birds is discussed.
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  • 49
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    Cell & tissue research 211 (1980), S. 331-343 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gut hormones ; Endocrine cells ; Electron microscopy ; Immunocytochemistry ; Peptidergic innervation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Histological, cytochemical and immunocytochemical methods were used in light and electron microscopical studies to demonstrate the presence of a neuroendocrine system in the gut of the urodele, Salamandra salamandra. Cytochemical stains capable of detecting peptide-producing endocrine cells demonstrate cells reacting with Masson's silver (argentaffin) method, Grimelius' argyrophil silver method, masked metachromasia method and the lead haematoxylin stain. Using antisera raised to a variety of mammalian gut peptides, cells containing bombesin-, gastrin-, somatostatin-, substance P- and glucagon-like immunoreactivity were identified; vasoactive intestinal polypeptide- and substance P-like immunoreactivities were found in nerve fibres in the submucous and myenteric plexus. No immunoreactivity was detected for motilin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, cholecystokinin or secretin. The ultrastructure of the immunoreactive cells and nerves was revealed by the semithin/thin method. All the cells identified contained numerous electrondense secretory granules, which varied in their chracteristic morphological structure from one cell type to another. The evidence collected in this study indicates that a complex neuroendocrine system regulating gut function is present in this amphibian and may have developed prior to the emergence of the phylum.
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  • 50
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    Cell & tissue research 210 (1980), S. 269-282 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Monoaminergic neurons ; Retina ; Amacrine cells ; Neurotoxins ; Mudpuppy, Necturus maculosus ; Neurotransmitters ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The mudpuppy retina was investigated with the histofluorescence method of Falck and Hillarp in normal animals and in animals injected intraocularly with α-methylnoradrenaline, 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine, or a combination of the two drugs. Catecholaminergic amacrine cells were found to form a thin layer of terminals at the border between the inner nuclear and the inner plexiform layers. Catecholaminergic interplexiform cells were not found. Indoleamine-accumulating amacrine cells were also observed. They are fifteen to twenty times more numerous than the catecholaminergic cells, and their terminals occur diffusely throughout the inner plexiform layer. In a number of eyes the majority of the indoleamine-accumulating terminals were eliminated with intraocular injections of the neurotoxin, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine, but the reproducibility of this effect was not consistent. Intravitreal injections of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine were used to label both types of neurons for electron microscopy. They were found to make conventional type synapses on amacrine cells and, less frequently, on bipolar cells.
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  • 51
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    Cell & tissue research 210 (1980), S. 353-357 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Merkel cells (reptiles) ; Epidermis ; Lizard ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Examination of the labial epidermis of the lizard Lacerta sicula revealed cells displaying all features of Merkel cells. These cells are located in the stratum basale of epidermal pegs and are arranged in clusters.
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  • 52
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    Cell & tissue research 211 (1980), S. 293-301 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Paneth cell ; Hibernation ; Intestine ; Hypothermia ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of Paneth cells from jejuno-ileal segments of the small intestine of the ground squirrel, S. lateralis, was examined under normal euthermic conditions and during the profoundly depressed metabolic conditions of natural hibernation. Paneth cells obtained from hibernating animals gave evidence of markedly reduced activity when compared to Paneth cells from euthermic animals. In hibernating animals, the nuclei were smaller, with less prominent nucleoli and with an increased proportion of heterochromatin. In hibernating animals, the rough endoplasmic reticulum was fragmentary and poorly organized, in contrast to the typical arrangement of concentric lamellae seen in euthermic animals. Although the total number of ribosomes was decreased in hibernating animals, there were proportionally more free ribosomes than in euthermic animals. Paneth cells from hibernating animals also contained a greater number of apical secretory granules which were smaller and more variable in electron density than granules from control animals. These ultrastructural features indicate that during hibernation the Paneth cell is relatively quiescent.
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  • 53
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    Cell & tissue research 207 (1980), S. 511-517 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Female hamster ; Harderian gland ; Testosterone ; Tubular clusters ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Distinct differences occur in the pigmentation and ultrastructural features of the Harderian glands in male and female hamsters. The results of a study on the effect of testosterone on the fine structure of the female Harderian glands are presented here. Glands from three groups of hamsters were examined at intervals up to 49 days: (1) testosterone injected, receiving 2mg testosterone propionate in 0.1 ml sesame oil per day; (2) sham-injected, receiving 0.1 ml sesame oil per day; (3) untreated controls. Testosterone injections caused a reduction in the number of dark-brown pigment granules in the acinar cells starting on the 6th day, whereas clusters of tubules, typical of adult male glands, appeared on the 4th day and increased in number thereafter. Lamellar structures, normally present in the female gland, decreased in testosterone treated specimens. These changes reversed after cessation of testosterone treatment. It is concluded that exogenous testosterone administered to female hamsters modifies the pigmentation and ultrastructure of their Harderian glands towards the male type and that this is a reversable phenomenon. There also appears to be an inverse relationship between the presence of tubular clusters in the acinar cells, and the degree of pigmentation.
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  • 54
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    Cell & tissue research 208 (1980), S. 171-181 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Microtubules ; Dendritic spine apparatus ; Synapse ; Development ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using techniques for enhanced microtubular preservation, including albumin pretreatment (Gray, 1975), occipital cortex of rats was studied electron microscopically at various ages of development. A close structural relationship was seen between microtubules, sacs of SER and the postsynaptic “thickening” in primordial spines and with the dense “plate” material of spine apparatuses. Stereoscopic preparations in addition show a more complicated substructure than previously described for the “plate”. Microtubules may contribute to the formation of the “plate” of the spine apparatus which in turn is associated with the postsynaptic “thickening” of the mature spine. Possible functional correlates are discussed.
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  • 55
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    Cell & tissue research 209 (1980), S. 131-135 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Skeletal muscle ; Bupivacaine ; Degeneration ; Satellite cells ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rat lumbrical muscles were incubated in a concentration of 10-2 M bupivacaine for 5 or 15 min and examined after further incubation in the absence of the drug for periods totalling 1, 2, and 3h. Electron microscopy showed that muscle fibers and their component organelles and myonuclei underwent a series of irreversible degenerative changes. However, satellite cells retained their normal morphology under similar conditions. It is concluded that satellite cells are responsible for the rapid regeneration of muscles that follows degeneration induced by bupivacaine. The role of satellite cells in muscle regeneration is discussed.
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  • 56
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    Cell & tissue research 207 (1980), S. 135-142 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Caudal neurosecretory system ; Poeciliidae ; Electron microscopy ; Salinity changes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The urophysis or neurohemal contact site of the caudal neurosecretory system of Mollienesia sphenops, the black molly, was studied in animals adapted to an artificial seawater environment. This species of fish was chosen for these studies because of its known ability to osmoregulate and its adaptability to the laboratory aquarium. The urophysis of freshwater acclimated mollys contained an abundance of neurosecretory granules. However, in fish subjected to a seawater environment for one week the number of neurosecretory granules was significantly decreased. In addition, there was an increase in blood cell infiltration of the urophysis.
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  • 57
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Juxtaglomerular apparatus ; Sympathetic innervation ; Renin-angiotensin system ; Electron microscopy ; Fluorescence microscopy ; Tupaia belangeri ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary It has previously been reported that the primitive primate Tupaia belangeri develops a renal failure when exposed to psychosocial stress. In order to learn if this high susceptibility to stress of the Tupaia kidney can be correlated with morphological and functional parameters of the Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) and the renin-angiotensin system, comparative experiments were performed on Tupaia and rat. Our results reveal an outstandingly high potency of the JGA and the renin-angiotensin system in Tupaia as evident from the following findings: The Tupaia JGA contains a great number of epithelioid cells abounding in renin granules (electron microscopy). The renin content of the Tupaia kidney is considerably higher than in the rat (radio-immunoassay). The sympathetic innervation of the kidney and especially of the JGA is abundant in Tupaia (fluorescence and electron microscopy). Catecholamine contents of the kidney and other organs are significantly higher in Tupaia than in rats (spectrophotofluorometry). Our results support the previously developed concept of a potent intrarenal neuroendocrine interaction at the JGA level favouring, under certain conditions of social stress, the development of acute renal failure in Tupaia belangeri.
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  • 58
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    Cell & tissue research 212 (1980), S. 465-474 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Postcapillary venules ; Calf ; Lymph nodes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structure of the postcapillary “high endothelial venules” (HEV) of lymph nodes in calves was studied light and electron microscopically. These venules were detected light microscopically in the paracortical zone by their high cuboidal endothelium, a distinct basal lamina, the migration of lymphocytes through the vessel wall, and the dominance of lymphoid cells in the lumen, often completely obliterating the latter. Ultrastructurally, the endothelial cells (HEC) of the HEV were characterized by a prominent Golgi complex including many small vesicles, a few lysosome-like bodies, and a specific association between mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum (MER). The HEC are connected by desmosomes, whereas the intimate contact points between migrating lymphocytes and endothelial cells could not be classified according to the well-defined junctional types. Lymphocyte migration occurred predominantly intercellularly, i.e., between endothelial cells. Although the overall appearance of the described vessel type in bovines bears resemblance to HEV in other investigated species, several differences occur that most probably are related to species variation.
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  • 59
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    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 226 (1980), S. 85-92 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Cholesteatom ; Knochenzerstörung ; Elektronenmikroskopie ; Cholesteatoma ; Bone destruction ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Biopsy specimens were obtained at ear surgery of patients with cholesteatoma otitis and were studied by electron microscopy. The osseous tissue decalcified in EDTA demonstrated degradation of collagen matrix as well as extensive degeneration of bone cells. The surface of the eroded bone was found to be in direct contact with the subepithelial connective tissue or the granulation, but not with the keratinizing squamous epithelium of matrix. These results indicate that the bone destruction by cholesteatoma is of non-osteoclastic type and lend support to the view that the keratinizing squamous epithelium do not participate in bone destruction. On the ultrastructural basis, the inflammatory process in the soft tissue adjacent to bone and extensive degeneration of bone cells are considered as cardinal factors for bone destruction in this disease.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung von Knochenbiopsien bei Cholesteatomoperationen zeigt Veränderungen der kollagenen Knochenmatrix sowie eine ausgedehnte Degeneration von Knochenzellen. Dabei findet sich die Oberfläche des veränderten Knochens in direktem Kontakt mit dem subepithelialen Bindegewebe oder mit Granulationen, nicht aber mit dem Plattenepithel selbst. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, daß entzündliche Prozesse in den dem Knochen benachbarten Bindegewebslagen vorwiegend für die Knochenzerstörung bei Cholesteatom verantwortlich sind.
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  • 60
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    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 229 (1980), S. 55-68 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Erbliche Taubheit ; Katze ; Elektronenmikroskop ; Membrana tectoria ; Hereditary deafness ; Cat ; Electron microscopy ; Tectorial membrane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The tectorial membrane is affected at an early stage of the cochlear degeneration in the hereditarily deaf white cat. The membrane first descends towards the organ of Corti with obliteration of the intervening sub-tectorial space in the basal coil during the second post-natal week. Both the microvilli of supporting and Hensen's cells, and the hair cell stereocilia make deep indentations on the under-surface of the membrane. Cells are found insinuated between the tectorial membrane and Corti's organ, and numerous cellular processes occur within the former. A phagocytic function would appear probable for these cells, which seem to originate from the internal sulcus region. The membrane is retracted into the latter around the 2-month stage. At all ages, small spherical structures, which may represent altered interdental cell secretions, are found within the membrane, these becoming calcified in older animals.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Veränderungen in der Membrana tectoria treten in einer frühen Phase der cochlearen Degeneration bei der weißen Katze mit erblicher Taubheit auf. Die Membran bewegt sich erst gegen das Cortische Organ mit Obliteration des dazwischenliegenden subtectorialen Raumes in der zweiten postnatalen Woche. Sowohl die Mikrovilli der Hensenschen Zellen und die der Stützzellen als die Stereozilien der Haarzellen machen tiefe Eindrücke auf der Unterseite der Membran. Zellen sind zwischen Membrana tectoria und dem Cortischen Organ gefunden, und viele zellulare Prozesse entstehen innerhalb Membrana tectoria. Eine phagocytotische Funktion würde für diese Zellen möglich sein, die aus der Region des Sulcus internus zu stammen scheinen. Bei älteren Tieren ist die Membran gegen den Sulcus internus retraktiert. Für alle Altersstufen findet man kleine spherischen Strukturen, die veränderte interdentale Zellensekrete vertreten können. Diese Strukturen werden innerhalb der Membran gefunden, und sind bei älteren Tieren verkalkt.
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  • 61
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    Parasitology research 62 (1980), S. 31-38 
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Keywords: Haemohormidium cotti ; Light microscopy ; Electron microscopy ; Taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Haemohormidium cotti, an organism of uncertain status, is redescribed from one of its type hosts, the marine fish,Cottus bubalis. The parasite occurs as irregularly round, oval, or elongate, intraerythrocytic bodies within blood and tissue preparations. Electron micrographs show features which suggest thatH. cotti may, as previously suspected, belong with the Piroplasmasida but no firm evidence of this is established. Possible division stages are identified in both light and electron micrographs. The taxonomic position ofHaemohormidium is discussed.
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  • 62
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Keywords: Babesia microti ; Electron microscopy ; Ticks ; Ixodes ricinus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 63
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    Cell & tissue research 205 (1980), S. 187-198 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) ; Glucagon ; Pancreatic islet ; Xiphophorus helleri ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étude immunohistochimique de l'îlot pancréatique du poisson téléostéen Xiphophorus helleri, à l'aide de sérums anti-polypeptide pancréatique (PP) et anti-glucagon a permis de montrer que deux populations cellulaires distinctes sont responsables de la sécrétion de ces hormones. L'observation comparée de coupes sériées, ultrafines et semifines, traitées par la technique immunohistochimique, a démontré que les cellules à PP correspondent aux cellules qui avaient été précédemment définies, dans cette espèce, comme “cellules A2 à grains ronds” et que les cellules sécrétrices de glucagon sont les “cellules A2 à grains cristallins”. L'hypothèse de l'existence de deux catégories de cellules à glucagon chez les téléostéens est abandonnée.
    Notes: Summary Correlative immunohistochemical and electron microscopical studies on the pancreatic islet of the teleost fish Xiphophorus helleri using antibodies to pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and glucagon show that separate cell types are responsible for the production of these peptides. The PP-cells correspond to the previously described “A2-cells with round granules”, while the “A2-cells with crystalline granules” are the true glucagon cells. An earlier suggestion that there are two types of glucagon cells in teleost islets is therefore withdrawn.
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  • 64
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Dragonfly visual system ; Lamina ganglionaris ; Monopolar cells ; Optic neuropile ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five monopolar cells and two long visual fibres are a consistent component of the lamina cartridge of the ventral half of the eye of the dragonfly Sympetrum rubicundulum. They communicate with the chiasm via a cartridge axon bundle comprising a minimum of ten fibres. The arrangement of these elements is documented with respect to the ommatidial photoreceptor axon bundle innervating them. These relationships are described both within the lamina cortex and in the cross-section of the underlying cartridge.
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  • 65
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    Cell & tissue research 207 (1980), S. 233-239 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Kidney ; Triturus cristatus carnifex ; Erythropoiesis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Specimens of Triturus cristatus carnifex (Laurenti), raised in 3.2 g/l solution of sodium lactate, presented hypertrophy of “lactate sensitive cells” (LSC) clustered at the vascular pole of each renal corpuscle. As seen under both the light and electron microscopes, these are specialized cells of the Bowman's capsule located at the junction between its visceral and parietal layers. The structure formed by the cells, heretofore unknown, is topographically associated with the juxtaglomerular apparatus. As lactate stimulates erythropoiesis even in normal oxygenated specimens and hypoxia induces hypertrophy of LSC in newts, it is hypothesized that the LSC are the site of erythropoietin (ESF) synthesis. A scheme of ESF biogenesis in newts, integrating the above principles, concludes the paper.
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  • 66
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    Cell & tissue research 207 (1980), S. 287-306 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Fetal human thymus ; Epithelial cells ; Development and differentiation ; Mesenchymal reticulum cells ; T lymphocytes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ontogenetic differentiation of the human thymus was investigated in 50 embryos by means of light and electron microscopic methods in an attempt to clarify the morphogenesis of the complicated microecology of thymic tissue. At the 8th gestational week (g.w.), the primordium of the thymus contains almost exclusively undifferentiated epithelial cells. At the 10th g.w., the epithelial cells in the central part are spindle-shaped. During the subsequent weeks the cortical region of the thymus becomes separated into lobes by mesenchymal septa containing hemopoietic precursor cells and large electronlucent cells with irregularly shaped nuclei. The latter cells are also found in the deeper presumptive medullary regions of the thymus; they differentiate into interdigitating reticulum cells (IDC). The permeation of the medulla of the thymus by non-epithelial IDC occurs concurrently with the formation of cortical and medullary epithelial cells. Between the 12th and 14th g.w. the cortical and medullary differentiation is completed. At this time-stage cortical small lymphocytes differ in morphological shape from medullary lymphocytes, the latter acquiring the appearance of immunocompetent T cells and establishing intimate contact with the IDC. These findings indicate that the thymic cortex and medulla contain different epithelial cells. In addition, the thymic medulla displays cells characterized by the morphology of typical interdigitating reticulum cells of peripheral lymphoid tissue. The structural pattern of the thymus is correlated to morphologically differing lymphoid cell populations in the cortical and medullary regions.
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  • 67
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Supraependymal cells ; Macrophages ; Electron microscopy ; Lateral ventricles ; Amphibian brain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Transmission and scanning electron microscopy of the lateral ventricles of the toad brain revealed the presence of supraependymal cells that have the features of macrophages. Based solely on their surface morphology three different cell forms could be identified. The most frequently observed cells are flat and multipolar, and have a smooth or ruffled surface. The second type is spherical with a ruffled surface and occurs either singly, in which case it lacks processes, or in clusters from which processes radiate. The third type has surface blebs and numerous thin, smooth processes. However, when specimens that had been examined in the scanning electron microscope are viewed in the transmission electron microscope, all cells appear to belong to a single cell type. All cells viewed closely resemble macrophages in that they contain nuclei with clumped chromaffin, single cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, numerous dense bodies, and many Golgi complexes. In addition, when horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was perfused into the ventricles, reaction product was found a short time thereafter within cytoplasmic vacuoles, and after a longer period within dense bodies. Because of their ultrastructural resemblance to macrophages and their capacity to ingest HRP, we suggest that these cells function as phagocytes and, as such, act to remove foreign materials from the cerebrospinal fluid.
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  • 68
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Islet of Langerhans ; Aging ; Insulin-secreting cells ; Organ culture ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The B-cells of the endocrine pancreas constitute an adequate model for in vitro study of the aging process in highly differentiated cells. In the present study, collagenase-isolated islets of Langerhans from young and senescent rats were cultured up to 28 days. The response of the B-cells to the stimulatory conditions of the culture medium involved the nucleus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and secretory granules. Correlated data from light microscopy, electron microscopy, and insulin radioimmunoassay show that the differentiation and function of senescent B-cells are maintained in culture, as it has been proven for the B-cells of younger animals. On the other hand, signs of cytological deficiency not directly concerned with the specific function of B-cells were observed: abnormal mitochondria and lysosomes are more numerous in the senescent B-cells. The proliferative capacity of the B-cells of aged rats is reduced.
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  • 69
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    Cell & tissue research 207 (1980), S. 449-461 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Rhynchosciara angelae ; Salivary gland ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structure of the salivary gland of the dipteran insect Rhynchosciara angelae in a defined stage of the larval development, characterized by the synthesis and storage of secretion product, is described. Observations were made with both Nomarski optics and electron microscopy. Filiform projections extending into the lumen of the gland were observed in the apical portion of the cells. At the basal region junctions, characterized as hemidesmosomes, were observed between the membrane of the cell and the basal lamina. The plasma membrane presents numerous infoldings into the cell increasing considerably the surface area at this region. Throughout the cytoplasm of the gland cells numerous mitochondria, Golgi complexes, microtubules, profiles of endoplasmic reticulum, secretion granules and glycogen granules were observed. Carbohydrates were detected on ultrathin sections by using the periodic acid-silver methenamine and the periodic acid-thiosemicarbazide-silver proteinate techniques.
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  • 70
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    Cell & tissue research 208 (1980), S. 143-164 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Locomotory muscle ; Fibre types ; Antarctic fish (Notothenia rossii) ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Energy metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The metabolic and structural differentiation of locomotory muscles of Notothenia rossii has been investigated. In this species sustained locomotion is achieved by sculling with enlarged pectoral fins (labriform locomotion), whilst the segmental myotomal muscle is reserved for burst activity. Red, white and subepidermal fibres can be distinguished in the trunk by histochemical and ultrastructural criteria. The main pectoral muscle (m. adductor profundus) consists entirely of red fibres. These three main fibres types show differences in histochemical staining profiles, capillarization, myofibril shape and packing, and lipid and mitochondrial content. The fractional volume of mitochondria amounts to 38% for pectoral, 30% for red myotomal and 1.9% for white myotomal fibres. Enzyme activities of red pectoral muscle are consistent with a higher potential for aerobic glucose and fatty acid oxidation than for the red myotomal fibres. Mg2+ Ca2+ -myofibrillar ATPase activities are similar for red pectoral and myotomal muscles and approximately half of those white fibres. Specialisations of N. rossii muscles associated with labriform swimming and locomotion at Antarctic temperatures are discussed.
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  • 71
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    Cell & tissue research 208 (1980), S. 207-228 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hind stomach ; Fundic glands ; Electron microscopy ; Histochemistry ; Endocrine cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The epithelium of the fundic region mucosa of the hind stomach in the Llama guanacoe has been studied using morphological and histochemical methods. Morphology suggests that solute and water absorption may occur in the epithelium of the surface and of the foveolae, although this absorption can not be estimated because of the extensive secretion of the gastric glands. The same cells of the surface and foveolar epithelium show numerous secretory granules. The glands reveal neck cells, chief cells, a large number of oxyntic cells, four types of endocrine cells (A-like, ECL, D and EC), brush cells and wandering cells. PAS and Alcian blue reactions for light microscopy suggest a secretion of neutral and acidic mucosubstances in the surface and foveolar epithelium, of neutral mucosubstances only in the neck cells. Periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide silver proteinate (PA-TCH-SP) reaction for electron microscopy confirms the presence of neutral mucosubstances within the secretory granules of the surface, foveolar and neck epithelial cells. In all these cells, the reaction product is also evident within sacculi and vesicles of the maturing surface of the Golgi apparatus. A positive PA-TCH-SP reaction also occurs on the membrane (and not on the contents) of the Golgi apparatus (maturing surface) and of the secretory granules of the chief cells as well as on the membrane of the Golgi apparatus and of apical vesicles and tubules of the oxyntic cells. In addition, silver granules slightly enhance the electron density of the contents of the secretory granules in the endocrine cells. Morphological and histochemical findings are discussed and compared with results described by others for monogastric mammals.
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  • 72
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    Cell & tissue research 208 (1980), S. 371-387 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lobula complex ; Visual interneurons ; Ultrastructure ; Cobalt-impregnations ; Electron microscopy ; Diptera (Calliphora erythrocephala)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The synaptic organization of three classes of cobalt-filled and silver-intensified visual interneurons in the lobula complex of the blowfly Calliphora (Col A cells, horizontal cells and vertical cells) was studied electron microscopically. The Col A cells are regularly spaced, columnar, small field neurons of the lobula, which constitute a plexus of arborizations at the posterior surface of the neuropil and the axons of which terminate in the ventrolateral protocerebrum. They show postsynaptic specializations in the distal layer of their lobula-arborizations and additional presynaptic sites in a more proximal layer; their axon terminals are presynaptic to large descending neurons projecting into the thoracic ganglion. The horizontal and vertical cells are giant tangential neurons, the arborizations of which cover the anterior and posterior surface of the lobula plate, respectively, and which terminate in the perioesophageal region of the protocerebrum. Both classes of these giant neurons were found to be postsynaptic in the lobula plate and pre- and postsynaptic at their axon terminals and axon collaterals. The significance of these findings with respect to the functional properties of the neurons investigated is discussed.
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  • 73
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    Cell & tissue research 209 (1980), S. 11-28 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Epiphysis cerebri ; Parapineal organ ; Fluorescence histochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Gasterosteus aculeatus L ; Teleostei
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pineal complex of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) was investigated by light and electron microscopy, as well as fluorescence histochemistry for demonstration of catecholamines and indolamines. The pineal complex of the stickleback consists of a pineal organ and a small parapineal organ situated on the left side of the pineal stalk. The pineal organ, including the entire stalk, is comprised mainly of ependymal-type interstitial cells and photoreceptor cells with well-developed outer segments. Both unmyelinated and myelinated nerve fibres are present in the pineal organ. Nerve tracts from the stalk enter the habenular and posterior commissures. A small bundle of nerve fibres connects the parapineal organ and the left habenular body. The presence of indolamines (5-HTP, 5-HT) was demonstrated in cell bodies of both the pineal body and the pineal stalk, and catecholaminergic nerve fibres surround the pineal complex.
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  • 74
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Visceral yolk sac ; Lipid droplets ; Malachite green-glutaraldehyde fixative ; Rat embryo ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the visceral yolk sac (VYS) of the rat embryo at day 9.5 of gestation was examined after fixation with either Karnovsky's glutaraldehyde-paraformaldehyde solution or malachite green-containing glutaraldehyde (MGA) solution. Fixation with MGA retained homogeneously electron-dense droplets in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of endodermal cells, both of which were lost in the specimens prepared by Karnovsky's fixation method. The cytoplasmic MGA-positive droplets were frequently associated with other cytoplasmic organelles such as rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and membrane-delineated inclusion bodies, but these cytoplasmic organelles never incorporated MGA-positive materials, whereas Golgi apparatus contained intracisternal MGA-positive droplets. Extracellular MGA-positive droplets were also encountered at the apical surface of endodermal cells and in the intercellular space between endodermal cells and the underlying mesodermal cells. These MGA-positive droplets were considered to be lipid in nature, and their origin in the endodermal cells of VYS is discussed.
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  • 75
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    Cell & tissue research 209 (1980), S. 225-238 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Tanycytes ; Median eminence ; Electron microscopy ; Rat ; Serum LH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The transport of hormones from the cerebrospinal fluid to the adenohypophysis by the tanycytes of the median eminence was examined in male rats. Electron microscopy revealed that all ependymal cells including the tanycytes disappear or degenerate in rats subjected to electric cauterization of the ependymal layer lining the third ventricle. However, the granular axons in the palisade layer of the median eminence remain intact. In rats subjected to electric lesion, no significant change was found in either the serum-LH level or in the weight of the adenohypophysis, testes, adrenal and thyroid glands. It is concluded that the tanycytes do not participate in the hypothalamic regulation of hypophysial function.
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  • 76
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    Cell & tissue research 209 (1980), S. 271-277 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Intranuclear microtubules ; Chick embryo fibroblasts ; Frog Virus 3 ; Electron microscopy ; Tubulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intranuclear microtubules appear in chick embryo fibroblasts upon infection with Frog Virus 3 (FV 3). Both the diameter and the annular shape of the microtubule profiles, established from electron microscopic observations using a goniometer, suggest that they are identical to naturally occurring cytoplasmic microtubules. Furthermore, the use of vinblastine allowed demonstration of the tubulin composition of the intranuclear microtubules.
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  • 77
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    Cell & tissue research 209 (1980), S. 279-294 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Germinal center reaction ; Dendritic reticulum cell ; Rabbit spleen ; Enzyme histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To obtain more information concerning the origin of dendritic reticulum cells, the development of germinal centers in the spleens of rabbits was investigated by conventional light microscopy, enzyme histochemistry, and electron microscopy. Washed sheep erythrocytes were used as antigen. Splenic tissue was examined on the 13th, 18th, 21st, 27th and 48th day after antigen administration. Electron microscopic investigations revealed transitional forms between typical fibroblastic reticulum cells, which formed the framework of the entire splenic white pulp, and typical dendritic reticulum cells. During this transformation, the enzyme histochemical pattern of alkaline phosphatase disappeared and a positive alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase reaction appeared in the transformed cells. On the basis of these findings, it is highly likely that dendritic reticulum cells develop through transformation of fibroblastic reticulum cells during the development of germinal centers in rabbit spleens. The characteristic folding of the surface membrane of dendritic reticulum cells is probably caused by the conspicuous increase in size of the Golgi apparatus, the detachment of vesicles, and the uptake of such vesicles by the cell membrane observed electron microscopically during the cellular transformation. Receptors that are of significance in antigen trapping might reach the cell surface in this manner, i.e., with the Golgi vesicles.
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  • 78
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    Cell & tissue research 211 (1980), S. 95-103 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Synapse ; Synaptogenesis ; Cell culture ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In cell cultures of the rat cerebellum, electron-dense material has been found occasionally between adjacent cells. More often than not, presynaptic elements on one side of the dense material faced either neuronal or nonneuronal cells on the other side. The 20 nm thick material was stained either with the osmium-uranyl-lead (OsUL) procedure or with the ethanolic phosphotungstic acid (E-PTA) procedure. To determine the source of the dense material, various compounds were added to cultures at 7 days in vitro. Only a crude nuclear fraction was able to duplicate the appearance of the dense material associated with the apparent presynaptic elements. It was concluded that apparent presynaptic elements were associated with the polybasic dense material and that this type of association may duplicate an interaction in the normal development of synaptic contacts.
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  • 79
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    Cell & tissue research 212 (1980), S. 395-413 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Kidney ; Distal tubule ; Collecting duct ; Electron microscopy ; Thin sections ; Freeze fracturing ; Tight junctions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Quantitative aspects of tight junction morphology were systematically studied in the cortical and outer medullary segments of the distal urinary tubules of rat, hamster, rabbit, cat, dog and the primitve primate Tupaia belangeri. Only minor differences in junctional architecture were found between straight and convoluted portions of the distal tubule. In contrast, the collecting duct in cortex and outer medulla, in all species, exhibits the most elaborate tight junctions observed along the uriniferous tubule. The present and previous findings from this laboratory indicate that increasing “tightness” of the junctional complexes is apparent along the course of the nephron in all species studied. The proposed relationship between quantitative aspects of the zonula occludens and presently available values for transepithelial electrical resistance was re-examined for the renal tubules. It was found that for the mammalian kidney a satisfactory correlation exists between the tight junction morphology and presently known functional parameters. This relationship is the more evident the more additional dimensional characteristics of the intercellular clefts are taken into consideration. It may therefore be concluded that, at least for the mammalian kidney, the assumption of differences in the molecular organization of the tight junctions is not needed to explain so far unresolved discrepancies between tubular morphology and function.
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  • 80
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    Cell & tissue research 213 (1980), S. 237-246 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Stellate cell ; Nongranulated cell ; Adenohypophysis ; Rabbit ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Stellate cells in the rabbit adenohypophysis were observed electron microscopically under normal and experimental conditions such as lactation, thyroidectomy, adrenalectomy, or castration. In control animals stellate cells had a scanty cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus and possessed slender processes extending between granulated cells. The processes were interconnected by desmosomes to form a meshwork. In the cytoplasm, abundant microfilaments were present as well as ill-developed ordinary cell organelles, but secretory granules were absent. In the adenohypophysis of experimental groups, in which the granulated cells underwent characteristic changes, stellate cells also showed remarkable morphological alterations which were similar in all groups. In general, they became hypertrophied, and contained a well-developed Golgi apparatus and rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. Lysosomes or lipid droplets were frequently encountered. Between adjacent stellate cells, intercellular canals were markedly developed and many microvilli were noticed. Based on the above data, it is suggested that the stellate cells are not only sustentacular elements, but play an important role in the function of the adenohypophysis, such as the supply of materials to granulated cells or the disposal of waste products.
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  • 81
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    Cell & tissue research 213 (1980), S. 311-324 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Bombyx ; Silk-gland ; Starvation ; Development ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cytological development of the silk gland has been studied by light and electron microscopy in silkworms experimentally starved at different periods of the natural feeding stage during the fifth instar. When newly molted animals are not provided with food, no sign of growth is observed. Starvation initiated early during the obligatory feeding period, stops cell growth and development of the organelles involved in protein synthesis and secretion, whereas it induces the appearance of organelles concerned with autolysis. These effects are reversible if starvation is not prolonged beyond two days. Starvation during the facultative feeding period, at the time of massive fibroin production, results in quantitative and qualitative modifications of organelles related to the decrease of fibroin production and the onset of autolysis. Rough endoplasmic reticulum, responsible for fibroin synthesis, forms transitory whorls. Fibroin transport via the Golgi apparatus and secretion of the protein into the gland lumen decrease parallel to fibroin synthesis, so that no fibroin storage can be detected in any organelle. After food deprivation, autophagosomes and secondary lysosomes rapidly develop in the cytoplasm, and if starvation continues portions of the cytoplasm are sequestered and completely destroyed. If animals are refed, fibroin production is resumed and autolysis declines. These ultrastructural alterations of the silk gland during experimental starvation are very similar to those observed during the periods of physiological starvation (molt and cocoon spinning) and generally considered to be under hormonal control. Our results raise the question of the nature of interactions between alimentary and hormonal factors which control silk-gland development.
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  • 82
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    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 19 (1980), S. 505-520 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Transmission electron microscopy ; Electron microscopy ; Solid-state reactions ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used with crystalline solids to obtain direct images of small structural groups comprising a few coordination polyhedra with resolution nearly down to atomic scale (“lattice imaging”). More exact knowledge of the conditions required for direct imaging, as well as improvements in the instruments themselves, have now made it possible to examine very small defect regions (microdomains), faults in the stacking sequence of structural groups or atom layers (planar or Wadsley defects), and isolated defects in narrowly delimited areas that may actually be below the dimensions of the unit cell. The structural principle of the very smallest ordered regions can even be determined when X-ray structure analysis proves unable to do this. “Block structures” are particularly suitable as models for the testing and further development of the high-resolution method; the detection of three-dimensional, two-dimensional, and one-dimensional defects has been studied on such structures.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
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  • 83
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    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 223 (1977), S. 195-204 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Human endometrium ; Nucleus ; Nucleolus ; Channel system ; Elektronenmikroskopie ; Menschliches Endometrium ; Nukleus ; Nukleolus ; Channel-System
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Nuclear-Channel-System ist eine runde bis ellipsoide Struktur, deren Tubuli querangeschnitten oder längsangeschnitten in eine elektronendichte Matrix eingebettet sind. Das NCS liegt meist der Kernmembran dicht an, die in diesem Bereich Einziehungen aufweist. Gelegentlich ist ein Kontakt der Kernmembran mit der Membran eines Tubulus zu beobachten. Im NCS sind Partikel festzustellen, die den 150 Å großen Partikeln des Nucleolus vergleichbar sind, was auf einen Gehalt des NCS an RNA schließen läßt. In hier vorliegenden Untersuchungen konnte das NCS in Zellkernen endometrialer Drüsenzellen während der mittleren und späten Proliferationsphase beobachtet werden. Diese Befunde sprechen gegen eine zwingende Abhängigkeit des Auftretens des NCS vom Zeitpunkt der Ovulation. Das NCS kann somit nicht als eine für postovulatorisches Endometrium typische Struktur angesehen werden. Offensichtlich bestehen zwischen den hormonellen Faktoren und der Ausbildung des NCS Beziehungen, deren Bedeutung bis heute nicht sicher beurteilt werden kann.
    Notes: Summary The Nuclear Channel System (NCS) is a distinct endometrial pattern as observed by transmission electron microscopy. The NCS was identified in the present study in cell nuclei of endometrial glands during mid and late proliferation. These observations do not support the concept that the NCS develops at the ovulation, and is therefore not a typical post ovulatory structure. It is suggested that there are relations between hormonal factors and the development of the NCS which are as yet no clarified.
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  • 84
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Stereology ; Human liver ; Oral contraceptives ; Elektronenmikroskopie ; Stereologie ; Menschliche Leber ; Orale Kontrazeptiva
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden Leberbiopsien von 12 Frauen feinstrukturell-morphometrisch untersucht, die über einen Zeitraum von 2 Monaten bis zu 8 Jahren ein Kombinationspräparat zur hormonellen Antikonzeption eingenommen hatten. Die stereologischen Daten wurden bereits vorher erstellten Basiswerten für normale Lebern (Roessner et al., 1977) gegenübergestellt und auf signifikante Unterschiede hin überprüft (p〈0,001). Eine deutliche Volumenzunahme lysosomaler Zelleinschlüsse pro ml Hepatocyten und eine leichte Cytoplasmavergrößerung bei gleichzeitiger Verkleine-rung der Nuclei kennzeichnen die Veränderungen der Hepatocyten. Alle übrigen ermittelten Parameter lassen den Schluß zu, daß wesentliche Alterationen der Ultrastruktur der menschlichen Leber nach hormoneller Kontrazeption nicht auftreten. Ob damit auch funktionelle Alterationen auszuschließen sind, kann hier nicht beantwortet werden.
    Notes: Summary Liver biopsies from 12 healthy women were investigated morphometrically — according to the methods of Weibel (1969). All women had taken an oral contraceptive agent during 2 til 76 months. The evaluated stereological datas were compared with base-line datas for normal human liver biopsies, which were elaborated in a previous investigation (Roessner et al., 1977). Statistical analysis was performed on an IBM 360/50 computer system, including F- and student's t-test. In the liver biopsy-specimen from the women, which were on oral contraceptives, the volume-density of lysosomes per ml hepatocytes shows a pronounced, significant (p〈0.001) increase. A moderate increase of cytoplasm is combined with decrease of nuclei-volume. The surface-densities of the rough and smooth endoplasmatic reticulum do not differ significantly from the datas calculated from normal human liver biopsies. All other datas too demonstrate that there are no striking changes in the ultrastructure of human liver, caused by oral contraceptives. Functional alterations however can not be excluded.
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    Archives of dermatological research 259 (1977), S. 225-234 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Granuloma annulare ; Necrobiosis of collagen ; Palisading granuloma ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Neun Fälle von Granuloma annulare in verschiedenen Entwicklungsstadien wurden elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht, insbesondere Kollagenveränderungen, das entzündliche Infiltrat und Gefäßalterationen. Die nekrobiotischen Veränderungen des Kollagens bestehen in Auflockerung der Bündel vom Rande her, Schwellung der Fibrillen mit Verlust ihrer Querstreifung, völliger Desintegration des Kollagens und Niederschlägen von mucinösen Substanzen, Fibrin und Glykogen. In 2 Fällen waren sogenannte “filamentöse quergestreifte Aggregationen” (= sog. “long-spacing collagen”) nachweisbar. In späteren Stadien zeigte sich Kollagenneubildung. Im Infiltrat sind vor allem Histiocyten/Makrophagen mit Übergängen zu Epitheloidzellen und Riesenzellen, daneben auch Lymphocyten und später Neutrophile identifizierbar. Gefäßveränderungen bestehen in Endothelschwellung und Basalmembranverdoppelungen. Es besteht ein perivasculäres Infiltrat, jedoch keine echte Vaskulitis. Die Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, daß die Nekrobiose des Kollagens ohne primäre Vaskulitis ein initiales Ereignis bei Granuloma annulare darstellt. Pathogenetisch wird ein Immungeschehen vom verzögerten Typ diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Nine cases of granuloma annulare at different stages of development were investigated electron microscopically. Special attention was given to collagen changes, to the cellular infiltrate, and to vascular changes. The necrobiotic changes of the collagen were: loosening of the fibers at the borders of the bundles; swelling and loss of cross-striation of the fibrils; and complete degradation of the collagen, with precipitation of mucinous and fibrin material and of glycogen. In 2 cases “cross-banded filamentous aggregations” were present. In later stages new collagen synthesis occurred. In the infiltrate, histiocytes/macrophages were seen developing into epithelioid and giant cells. In addition, numerous active lymphocytes and, at later stages, some neutrophils were found. Vascular changes consisted of endothelial swelling and duplications of the basal lamina. A perivascular infiltrate was present, but no distinct vasculitis was seen. Our results indicate that the necrobiosis of the collagen without primary vasculitis may be an initial event in granuloma annulare. A delayed hypersensitivity mechanism is discussed with regard to pathogenesis.
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    Virchows Archiv 373 (1977), S. 191-211 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Myeloproliferative disorder ; Thrombocytes ; Megakaryocytic-granulocytic myelosis ; Bone marrow biopsy ; Megakaryocyte lineage ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of the bone marrow in chronic megakaryocytic-granulocytic myelosis (CMGM) was studied in 5 nontreated patients to investigate possible malignant proliferation of megakaryocytes and the role of megakaryopoiesis in fibrillogenesis, terminating in osteomyelofibrosis. In comparison with normal megakaryopoiesis there is an enormous increase of the megakaryocytic cell line and many immature and atypical forms are seen. Most conspicuous are microforms, nuclear-cytoplasmic disorganization and nuclear inclusions. Asynchrony of maturation causes abnormal thrombocytogenesis with premature detachment of platelets resulting in immature and peculiar giant forms of thrombocytes. Besides megakaryocytes appearing superficially normal the maturation anarchy of many cells is so severe that by analogy with observations in other leukaemic cells these abnormalities are thought to be representative of a malignant growth. Moreover, there is a striking accumulation of microfibrils and single collagen fibres around megakaryoblasts. Since these cells contain all those organelles commonly associated with fibre production the initial step for fibrillogenesis may therefore arise from the megakaryoblasts prior to platelet release, or any fibroblast proliferation.
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  • 87
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Ulcerative colitis ; Immunoperoxidase ; Complement demonstration ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Inflammatory cell infiltrates in ulcerative colitis have been investigated by means of the immunoperoxidase method and by electronmicroscopy. Considerable morphological and functional changes of the local plasma cell population have been found. The absolute number of plasma cells is raised with a marked increase of IgG-cells and a relative decrease of IgA-cells. In particular complement (C3) has been demonstrated at the basement membrane of the surface epithelium and between epithelial cells. The significance of these findings, as a local humoral immune response, is briefly considered, with regard to their possible pathogenetic importance in aggravating and perpetuating the disease.
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  • 88
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    Virchows Archiv 375 (1977), S. 1-12 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Adenoid cystic carcinoma ; Cylindroma ; Salivary glands ; Mucosubstances ; Cytochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of mucosubstances in adenoid cystic carcinoma was investigated, and an attempt was made to characterize histochemically the various mucosubstances present. For these purposes the high iron diamine technique (HID), as well as the Astra blue, aldehyde fuchsin and Alcian blue staining methods were employed. Alcian blue was further combined with the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) technique, the Alcian blue being applied at pH levels between 0.5 and 2.5. In addition the effects of neuraminidase and hyaluronidase treatment as well as methylation and acid hydrolysis procedures on the staining qualities were studied. Acidic mucosubstances with varying histochemical properties were present in different structures of the neoplasm. The characteristic pseudocyst, a major structural component of the neoplasm, stained strongly with HID, Astra blue, aldehyde fuchsin and Alcian blue at low pH. These staining reactions were markedly suppressed by hyaluronidase treatment, and are apparently attributable to the presence of chondroitin 4- and/or 6-sulfate. Employing the Alcian blue-critical electrolyte concentration technique, the basophilia of the pseudocysts was suppressed at a concentration of 0.5–0.6 M MgCl2, which might indicate polysaccharides of relatively low degree of sulfation. An additional, non-sulfated acid mucin could also be demonstrated in these structures. In certain duct and gland like structures of the tumours, a change in staining pattern from blue or blue-red to red could be observed after exposure of the sections to neuraminidase and subsequent staining with the Alcian blue (pH 2.5)-PAS sequence. Similar observations were also made when the pH of the Alcian blue was lowered to 1.5–1.0, as well as after acid hydrolysis. These findings afford evidence for the presence of a neuraminidase susceptive sialomucin in certain epithelial secretions of the tumor. At the ultrastructural level the replicated basement lamina of the pseudocysts displayed a strong positive reaction with the PA-CrA-silver staining technique. Furthermore, amorphous material within the lumina of small duct like structures also displayed a positive reaction. The amorphous material of the cystic compartments was less reactive.
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  • 89
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    Virchows Archiv 375 (1977), S. 123-128 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Esthesioneuroblastoma ; Light microscopy ; Electron microscopy ; Argyrophil reaction ; Formaldehyde-induced fluorescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of esthesioneuroblastoma was examined by histological, histochemical and electron microscopic techniques. The tumour cells showed an argyrophil reaction with the Grimelius technique and contained cytoplasmic secretory granules, but in contrast to previous reports were devoid of histochemically demonstrable biogenic amines. For routine diagnosis the argyrophil technique may be useful in differentiating this type of tumour from epidermoid carcinoma.
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  • 90
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    Virchows Archiv 375 (1977), S. 13-22 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Target-targetoid phenomenon ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Z-band alteration ; Incomplete innervation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Target and targetoid fibers in a muscle biopsy from a patient with paralysis of the deltoid and supraspinatus muscles were studied by light and electron microscopy. The probable cause of the neuropathy was tumor compression. Target and targetoid change was exclusively confined to hypertrophic or normal-sized fibers. Morphometric evaluation of the target and targetoid fibers showed no significant difference between them. With the electron microscope, up to 4 structural zones were seen in the typical target fiber but many were devoid of either zone 2 (halo) or zone 3, or both. It was conceivable that focal irregularity and streaming of Z-bands were the primary alterations in the process of target-targetoid fiber formation, and that this phenomenon was induced both by partial residual innervation as well as re-innervation.
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  • 91
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    Virchows Archiv 375 (1977), S. 147-157 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Atherosclerosis ; Pigeon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The atherosclerotic lesions, associated with the celiac intimal smooth muscle cushions, of four and five year old White Carneau pigeons were studied with the light and electron miscroscopes. Light microscopic examination of the spontaneous lesions demonstrated large intimal cushions composed of smooth muscle, abundant collagen, clusters of foam cells and cholesterol crystal clefts. Ultrastructural examination of the intimal atheroma revealed dilatations between apposing endothelial cells which contained a flocculent material, similar to that seen in the subendothelial space. The subendothelial compartment contained abundant collagen, extracellular lipid, vesiculated material and cell processes which contained a flocculent matrix and tubular-like elements. In addition, fibroblast-like interlaminar cells were often observed. Numerous intimal smooth muscle cells were seen which displayed varied morphology. Abundant foam cells were also present within the intimal atheromas. The presence of atherosclerotic lesions in preexisting intimal smooth muscle cushions suggests that hemodynamic factors may be important in the progression of these spontaneous lesions. Endothelial cell dilatations may provide an important route of transport for circulating elements which may accumulate within the subendothelial space. Morphologically, it appears that the smooth muscle cells undergo modification and may represent the precursors of foam cells in this species.
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  • 92
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    Virchows Archiv 377 (1977), S. 43-48 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Childhood cystinosis ; Liver ; Electron microscopy ; Dark cells ; Tight junctions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural findings in the liver in a case of childhood cystinosis are reported. Crystalline structures were found mainly in Kupffer cells. The presence of dark cells, with or without crystals, was the most striking feature observed. Such cells have already been noted within the kidney on one occasion when it was shown that the dark substance was L-cystine (Spear et al., 1971). In this case identical dark material was also found extracellularly. The data shows that free cystine can fill cell cytoplasm and extracellular spaces and the possibility that cystine overproduction may take place in the hyaloplasm should be considered. Extracellular location of cystine in the tubules might account for an increase in epithelial permeability and thus for the Fanconi syndrome.
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  • 93
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    Mycopathologia 60 (1977), S. 175-177 
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Aspergillus fumigatus ; Spore formation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 94
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    Mycopathologia 61 (1977), S. 117-119 
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Prototheca ; Colorless alga ; Plastids ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An ultrastructural investigation of six different species of Prototheca showed that all of them contained starch grains enclosed in double-membrane-bounded structures recognized as plastids. It is concluded that these unicellular species of Prototheca must be considered as non-photosynthetic algae.
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  • 95
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    Anatomy and embryology 152 (1977), S. 43-64 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Habenula ; Ependyma ; Supraependymal cells ; Supraependymal axons ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The surface features of the ependymal lining of the habenular complex in rats, aged between three weeks and nine months, were studied by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The ependyma of the medial habenular nucleus is heavily ciliated, the cilia obscuring underlying substructure in SEM — preparations. On the habenular commissure most cilia are arranged in tufts. Cilia are provided with segmental indentations and occasional apical thickenings. Vesicular protrusions of the ependymal cytoplasm into the ventricular lumen and the frequent occurrence of homogeneous supraependymal globules were interpreted as signs of ependymosecretory activity of nucl. hab. med. Supraependymal cells are most numerous on the anterior and superior surface of the habenular commissure. Cells presenting features identical to Kolmer (epiplexus) cells were identified on the ventricular surface of nucl. hab. med. in one specimen showing degenerative changes of undetermined aetiology in the habenular nuclei. It is therefore suggested that such cells need not necessarily be restricted to the choroid plexus. Supraependymal unmyelinated axons are particularly numerous on both nucl. hab. med. and commiss. hab. They make desmosome contacts (maculae adherentes) with the ependymal plasmalemma. Contacts presenting all features of typical synapses were not encountered. The vesicle population of the axonal profiles mainly comprises 35–50 nm translucent round vesicles besides small numbers of 60–100 nm dense-cored vesicles and large pleiomorphic vesicles. Most probably the axons belong to the well-established dense population of serotonergic axons in the dorsal part of the third ventricle.
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    Anatomy and embryology 150 (1977), S. 335-364 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Caudate nucleus ; Hypothyroidism ; Development ; Electron microscopy ; synaptogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thyroid hormone exerts a powerful influence on CNS growth and maturation. Hypothyroidism early in life has long been known to cause disturbances in innate behavior, motor performance, severe and frequently irreversible mental retardation. In this deficiency, depressed caudate neurogenesis, cell migration and neuropil development during the rapid period of CNS growth may contribute to the clinical picture of perceptual handicaps often seen in cretins. Light microscopic and Golgi studies of the developing caudate nucleus in thyroid deficiency have been carried out to help attain insights into the mechanisms whereby the extrapyramidal system regulates motor function. The ultrastructural study of caudate nuclear cytogenesis and synaptogenesis in normal and hypothyroid states provides more detailed information for further analysis of the problem. Hypothyroidism was induced from birth by adding propylthiouracil to the food and drinking water of lactating dams. Linear development of the caudate nucleus of both normal and hypothyroid rats at ages 8, 14, 20, 30 and 42 days was studied by electron microscopy. Thyroid glands were examined by light microscopy to assess the normal and deficient states. Immature cells, primitive processes and synapses were the characteristic features of the 8-day-old normal caudate nucleus. Distinctively wide cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, loosely packed Golgi apparatus and chromatin clumps throughout the nuclei of the neurons were significant early morphologic variations. The dramatic cytoarchitectural maturation in the 14- and 20-day normal caudate neuropil points to the rapidity of developmental rate. After the growth spurt of the first three weeks a maturational plateau occurs which is characterized by well-formed neuronal cytoplasmic organelles, myelinated and non-myelinated axons, axon terminals, dendrites and their spines, and synapses. Thyroid deficiency causes a marked maturational delay of approximately 7 days in caudate neuronal proliferation, the elaboration of neuronal networks and the attainment of mature synaptic contents and membranes. This delay is evidenced by comparison of the structural similarities between 8-day-old normal and 14-day-old deficient rats; and additional comparisons between the 14-day-old normal and 20-day-old hypothyroid rats. A rapid “catch up” process in fine structural morphogenesis takes place in the period between days 14 and 30 in the deficient animals. Repression of thyroid function does not entirely prevent development of the caudate nucleus but allows a fairly extensive, though critically incomplete degree of maturation. This imperfection is manifested by a decrease in the number of synaptic contacts that persists even after the rapid “catch up” phenomenon of caudate synaptogenesis.
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    Anatomy and embryology 151 (1977), S. 109-118 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Iris ; Mesenchymal cells ; Chicken embryo ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The iris anlage of 3–10 day old chicken embryos was studied by both light and electron microscopy. Serial semithin sections showed that some of the mesenchymal cells overlying the eye cup moved into the primitive eye cavity by the 3rd day of incubation. On the 4th day some of these cells came into close contact with the basement membrane of the dorsal iris epithelium. The bases of the epithelial cells were flat at this stage. Towards the 10th day they formed cytoplasmic processes which did not penetrate the basement membrane. Fine mesenchymal cytoplasmic processes and a large number of extracellular fibrils developed in the epithelial-mesenchymal interface. The fine mesenchymal processes came into close contact with the basement membrane of the posterior iris epithelium but did not penetrate it. Collagen-like material was observed within the cisternae of the rough ER of the mesenchymal cells at certain stages of development. Both, the mesenchymal cells and the collagen fibrils adjacent to the posterior iris layer disappeared by the 10th day when the entire iris epithelium was completely pigmented. The possible origin of the collagen fibrils and the differentiation of the posterior iris epithelium are discussed.
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    Anatomy and embryology 151 (1977), S. 127-139 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Cilia ; Human heart ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Primary 9+0 cilia have been found in the embryonic and the adult human heart. Proximally the cilia show the typical (+0 filament arrangement. Rearrangement of the filaments occur in their distal regions. The cilia are usually found in deep invaginations of the cell membrane, but can also be found in a superficial position. Close connections are frequently found between cilia and thin cytoplasmic extensions from neighbouring cells.
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    Anatomy and embryology 151 (1977), S. 97-108 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Chick embryo ; Placode ; Electron microscopy ; Invagination ; Midbody
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The otic, the lens and the nasal placodes have been examined in chick embryos between stages 10 and 18 of Hamburger and Hamilton. At the stage when each placode first becomes visible conspicuous differences have been seen in the surface morphology between those cells which will invaginate and form the placode and those which will remain on the surface of the head, forming the epidermis. The differences become more pronounced with increasing development. The placode cells possess many surface projections whilst the epidermal cells do not. These differences in surface morphology are related to other differences which are visible in TEM sections, the placode cells being highly columnar and extending the full depth of the placode, whilst the epidermal cells are cuboidal or even squamous. This modification in cell shape of the placode cells is correlated with the presence of longitudinally orientated microtubules. The mechanism of invagination is discussed and evidence is presented which supports the idea that there is a migration of cells into the placode from one side. Such a phenomenon would help to explain the asymmetrical structure of the placode, including the presence of the overhanging lip.
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    Archives of dermatological research 260 (1977), S. 167-178 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Psoriasis pustulosa ; Spongiform pustule
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Fünf Fälle von Psoriasis pustulosa wurden elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Die Hauptveränderungen im Corium bestanden in Capillardilatation mit intravasculären polymorphonukleären Leukocyten und Erythrocyten. Leukocyten traten durch die vasculären Spalten und Fenestrationen und wanderten durch das deutlich ödematöse Corium zur Epidermis. Lymphgefäße fanden sich ebenfalls. Histiocyten mit Langerhansgranula wurden in der Dermis und Epidermis beobachtet. Die morphologischen Veränderungen in der Epidermis waren abhängig von der Lokalisation und besonders stark ausgeprägt in der Nähe von voll entwickelten Pusteln in höheren Zellschichten. Früher beschriebene Befunde konnten bestätigt werden. Perinukleäre Cytolyse und andere Veränderungen in den Keratinocyten scheinen sekundär aufgrund des Ödems und der Ansammlung von Neutrophilen innerhalb der Epidermis zu entstehen. Immunologische Phänomene könnten hierfür verantwortlich sein.
    Notes: Summary Five cases of psoriasis pustulosa were examined by electron microscopy. The main features within the dermis were dilated capillaries filled with polymorphonuclear leukocytes and red cells. Neutrophils passed out of the vessels through the gaps and fenestrations and migrated towards the epidermis throughout the distinctly edematous corium. Lymphatic vessels could be found. Histiocytes containing Langerhans granules were observed in the dermis and epidermis. The morphological changes of the epidermis depented on the place examined and were most evident near fully developed pustules in the upper layers. The presence of previously described morphological findings could be confirmed. Perinuclear cytolysis and other changes in the keratinocytes, however, seem to be secondary, resulting from edema and accumulation of neutrophils within the epidermis. Immunological phenomenona may be responsible for the latter event.
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