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  • 1995-1999
  • 1985-1989  (66)
  • 1975-1979  (126)
  • 1987  (66)
  • 1978  (126)
  • Electron microscopy  (192)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light bodies in human pituitary adenomas (1987)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 411 (1987), S. 311-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Human pituitary adenomas ; Granules ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Light bodies are large cytoplasmic granules originally described in the gonadotrophic cells of the rat pituitary gland. In order to determine whether similar bodies occur in the human anterior pituitary gland, 89 pituitary adenomas and periadenomatous tissue from 20 cases were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Double membrane bound bodies with filamentous internal structure identical to rodent light bodies were identified in 10 hormone-producing adenomas: 5 PRL, 1 PRL-GH, 2 GH, and 2 ACTH-producing tumours. No light bodies were found in the remaining 79 tumours nor in the pituitary cells in periadenomatous tissue from 20 cases. These results show that some human pituitary adenomas may contain light bodies identical to those seen in gonadotrophs of rat pituitary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00713374
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Buschke-Loewenstein tumour (1987)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 410 (1987), S. 83-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Buschke-Loewenstein tumour ; Giant condyloma ; Anogenital region ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Results on the light- and electron microscopic studies of six cases of Buschke-Loewenstein tumour are presented. The role of chronic irritation is emphasized in the aetiology of the tumour. Fistulas and abscesses arising in the tumour are dangerous as they give rise to chronic sepsis. In two perianal tumours, in situ or invasive carcinoma developed. Electron microscopy revealed varying degrees of differentiation of keratinocytes. As a result of the defective desmosomes, the tumour cell underwent segregation, with widened intercellular spaces containing oedema, erythrocytes and leucocytes. This phenomenon is probably responsible for frequent bleeding and fistula formation. The investigations disclosed that the Buschke-Loewenstein tumour is a special form of squamous carcinoma and therefore, radical surgical excision must be attempted even in case of a benign histological picture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00713509
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perisinusoidal fibrosis of the liver in patients with thrombocytopenic purpura (1987)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 411 (1987), S. 553-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Thrombocytopenic purpura ; Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura ; Liver sinusoidal fibrosis ; Electron microscopy ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 10 patients with thrombocytopenic purpura (TP) underwent splenectomy. Eight of these patients had idiopathic TP (certain or probable). All had normal liver function tests. Liver histology of the surgical biopsy was normal with the exception of a non specific mild portal infiltration in 6 cases. On Sirius red staining the perisinusoidal network was normal in 3 cases, mildly or moderately increased in 5 cases and often associated with perivenular fibrosis. Collagen types I, III, IV, laminin and fibronectin were increased in the 8 biopsies tested. On semi-thin sections, numerous Kupffer cells were observed. Under the electron microscope, sinusoidal abnormalities were very similar in all 7 patients studied: numerous Kupffer cells containing abundant lysosomes, numerous collagen bundles in the Disse space, active endothelial cells, transformation of some perisinusoidal cells into cells with some of the characteristics of fibroblasts (increased RER) and myofibroblasts (peripheral condensations of the filamentous network), increased fragments of basement membrane-like material. In two cases there was an increase in the number of perisinusoidal cells loaded with lipids. The similarity of the lesions and the absence of other fibrogenic causes (except in 2 cases) suggest that TP may represent another group of diseases with perisinusoidal fibrosis. The aetiology of fibrosis remains unknown but platelet derived growth factor and activated macrophages may play a major role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00713286
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristic views of prokaryotic 50S ribosomal subunits (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 26 (1987), S. 347-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Ribosome structure ; Electron microscopy ; Image analysis ; Evolutionary lineages
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Multivariate statistical analysis and classification techniques are powerful tools in sorting noisy electron micrographs of single particles according to their principal features, enabling one to form average images with an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio and a better reproducible resolution. We apply this methodology here to determining the characteristic views of the large (50S) ribosomal subunits from the eubacteriumEscherichia coli and the archaebacteriaMethanococcus vannielii, Sulfolobus solfataricus, andHalobacterium marismortui. Average images were obtained of the subunit in the common crown and kidney projections, but views of the particle in orientations intermediate between these two extremes were also elucidated for all species. These averages show reproducible detail of up to 2.0 nm resolution, thus enabling the visualization and interspecies comparison of many structural features as a first step toward comparing the actual three-dimensional structures. Our results disprove evolutionary lineages recently postulated on the basis of electron microscopical images of ribosomal subunits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02101154
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Invasion of campylobacter-like organisms in the duodenal mucosa in patients with active duodenal ulcer (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 65 (1987), S. 144-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Campylobacter pyloridis ; Duodenal ulcer ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of campylobacter-like organisms found within duodenal biopsy specimens from 7 of 24 patients (28%) with active duodenal ulcer is described. Their curved shape and variable size are similar to what has previously been reported in descriptions of light microscopies. The organisms were found at the edge of active duodenal ulcers exclusively near neutral-mucous producing antral cells, to which they can adhere. The presence of these bacteria within cells and in the intercellular fluid implies that they can penetrate through the cell membrane or through tight intercellular junctions. The occurrence of these bacteria as well as numerous polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the afflicted regions suggests that the bacteria originally described by Warren and Marshall are indeed pathogenic and that their influence on ulcer healing should be included in designing treatment protocols.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01728609
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural changes in the respiratory tract of rats following methyl isocyanate inhalation (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 59 (1987), S. 385-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Lung ; Methyl isocyanate ; Gas poisoning ; Electron microscopy ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The static exposure of rats to 0.25 mg/l methyl isocyanate for 1 h resulted in damage to the epithelium of the proximal bronchioles and upper airways. Bronchiolar cells exhibited both nuclear and cytoplasmic damage; many epithelial cells, particularly in the bronchi and trachea, were killed and/or dislodged from the basement membrane. A “raft” of cell debris and fibrin lined most of the airways during the 1st week after exposure but repair to the underlying epithelium was well advanced within 2–3 days. The majority of airways were lined by a normal epithelium within 3 weeks of exposure, but isolated foci of hyperplasia and occluded airways probably accounted for continued respiratory impairment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316202
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recovery process of tracheal mucosa of guinea pigs exposed to isopropyl alcohol (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 61 (1987), S. 12-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Isopropyl alcohol ; Tracheal mucosa ; Ciliary activity ; Recovery process ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The toxicity of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) on the tracheal mucosa was studied experimentally with special reference to the recovery process of the organ. The results showed that 400 ppm IPA has an acute effect on the mucociliary system in the tracheal mucosa, and that recovery from such degeneration can occur in 2 weeks. When functional and morphological damage was induced by a higher level (5500 ppm) of IPA, recovery did not occur in 2 weeks. The conclusion is that the present allowable level of IPA is reasonable from the viewpoint of the effects of short-term exposure to IPA on the tracheal mucosa. In addition, a higher level of IPA exposure has longer-term effects on the tracheal mucosa, and workers exposed to such a higher level of IPA vapor should be given careful otolaryngological follow-up observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00324542
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extracellular edema and glial response to it in the cerebellum of suckling rats with low-dose lead encephalopathy (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 75 (1987), S. 116-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Rat ; Lead ; Brain edema ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Newborn rats were exposed to daily intraperitoneal injections of 10 mg lead nitrate per kg body weight for the first 15 postnatal days. The growth and mortality of the lead-exposed animals did not differ from their control litter-mates, injected with vehicle only. In our previous studies, focal hemorrhages and spongy areas as well as breakdown of blood-brain barrier to plasma proteins were shown by light microscopy in the cerebellar parenchyma of 15-day-old rats exposed to this dose. In spite of these signs of edema, measurements of brain tissue specific gravity did not show increased water content. In the present investigation we examined the ultrastructure of the brain lesions in these rats with low-dose lead encephalopathy, focusing on signs of edema, and evaluated astroglial reaction by immunocytochemical staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The electron microscopic findings were compatible with extracellular edema in the cerebellum of 15-day-old lead exposed rats. The number of GFAP-positive cell bodies in the gray substance of the cerebellar cortex was increased in the 15-day-old lead-exposed rats as compared with the controls of the same age, a finding which is presumably related to the leakage of plasma proteins. Both these findings were lacking at 20 days of age, suggesting reversibility of the lead-induced changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687071
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epithelial properties of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas determined in ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 74 (1987), S. 142-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma ; Epithelial properties ; Circumscribed growth ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three cases of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA), one of which showed anaplastic evolution, are described. In all three the PXA tumors were well circumscribed and could be totally removed. Light-microscopically, pleomorphic tumor cells clustered gregariously and often formed alveolar structures. Electron microscopy revealed various epithelial properties, such as junctions and interdigitations between apposing tumor cells, and prominent basal laminae surrounding tumor nests. The circumscribed growth of PXA, as contrasted with an infiltrative growth of usual astrocytoma, can be attributed to the cellular cohesion based on the epithelial properties of the tumor cells. In the third patient, tumor recurred 6 months postoperatively. Although the recurrent tumor retained the alveolar structures, pleomorphism and various degenerative features of the tumor cells diminished with advance in the proliferative activities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692844
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involution of the antimesometrial decidua in the mouse (1987)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 176 (1987), S. 251-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Decidua ; Involution ; Electron microscopy ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Involution of the antimesometrial decidua was analysed by electron microscopy on days 9, 10 and 11 of pregnancy in the mouse. During this period, the width of the antimesometrial decidua decreases considerably. Involution begins in the decidual cells situated closest to the embryo (internal decidua) and proceeds towards the myometrium. The cells of the internal decidua showed signs of deterioration characterized by accumulation of clumps of chromatin in the nuclei and dilation of the perinuclear cisterna and endoplasmic reticulum cisternae. Autophagosomes and heterophagosomes accumulated in the cytoplasm of these cells. Cells particularly strongly affected became spherical and were devoid of their plasma membrane. Some cells near the trophoblast as well as the mature decidual cells situated farther from the embryo showed a normal morphology. The trophoblastic cells established close contact with healthy decidual cells and engulfed fragments of disorganized decidual cells. It is suggested that the death of decidual cells is a type of programmed cell death and that it is not due to a direct lytic action by the trophoblast.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310059
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vegetating cicatricial pemphigoid (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 279 (1987), S. S30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Cicatricial pemphigoid ; Vegetating lesions ; Immunopathology ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case with widespread vegetating-pustular skin lesions, oral erosions, ulcerations and scarring, and conjunctival synechiae is reported. Clinically, histopathologically, and by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy this patient combined the features of pemphigoid vegetans, as described by Winkelmann and Su, and the mucocutaneous type of cicatricial pemphigoid. This observation suggests that a third subset of cicatricial pemphigoid can now be added to the two existing ones, the mucocutaneous and Brunsting-Perry types, and the designation vegetating cicatricial pemphigoid is proposed for this heretofore undescribed condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00585917
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capillary hemangioblastoma: histogenesis of stromal cells (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 73 (1987), S. 370-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Factor VIII ; Glial fibrillary acidic protein ; Hemangioblastoma ; Tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The histogenesis of stromal cells in capillary hemangioblastoma has been the subject of debate. The light and electron microscopic studies of hemangioblastomas presented here showed pericytic and leiomyoblastic features in stromal cells. Cells cultured by the monolayer method showed similar features to those of the original tumors. Immunohistochemical studies for glial fibrillary acidic protein and factor VIII/von Willebrand factor indicated that stromal cells were antigenically distinct from astrocytes and endothelial cells. These findings suggest that stromal cells are closely related to pericytes and smooth muscle cells, and support Rhodin's speculation that pericytes serve as a precursor to smooth muscle cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688262
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protective effect of lesion to the glutamatergic cortico-striatal projections on the hypoglycemic nerve cell injury in rat striatum (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 74 (1987), S. 335-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Hypoglycemia ; Rat striatum ; Glutamate ; Excitotoxic nerve cell injury ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In rat striatum severe hypoglycemia causes an irreversible nerve cell injury, which does not become manifest until during the post-insult recovery period. This injury can be ameliorated by lesions of the glutamatergic cortico-striatal pathway, which suggests that an “excitotoxic” effect mediated by the glutamatergic input is the likely cause of the posthypoglycemic nerve cell destruction. In this paper we further characterize the protective effect of abolishing the glutamatergic innervation to striatum at the ultrastructural level. Two weeks after a unilateral cortical ablation rats were subjected to 30 min of severe hypoglycemia with isoelectric EEG and killed either immediately after the insult or following 60 min of recovery induced by restoring the blood glucose levels. Immediately after the hypoglycemic insult the structure of striatum was similar on both sides (except for the changes attributable to the ablation); i.e., the neurons and their dendrites had pale cytoplasm with condensed mitochondria, sparse RER and pinpoint ribosomes. After 60 min restitution numerous striatal neurons on the non-protected, non-ablated side had turned variably dark and condensed, whereas under-neath the ablation they remained similar as immediately after hypoglycemia. This sequence indicates that the most likely cause of nerve cell destruction on the non-protected side is the “excitotoxic” effect mediated by the glutamatergic innervation, which is superimposed on the action of the hypoglycemic insultper se. Furthermore, the primary condensation of neurons and their dendrites indicate existence of another type of acute “excitotoxic” nerve cell injury which differs from the previously described injury characterized by neuronal swelling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687210
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substantia nigra damage induced by ischemia in hyperglycemic rats (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 75 (1987), S. 131-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebral ischemia ; Hyperglycemia ; Substantia nigra ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Preischemic hyperglycemia induced by feeding or glucose infusion worsens the brain damage and the clinical outcome following ischemia of a given duration and density, and characteristically causes postischemic seizure activity. Light microscopy has previously showed that, in the rat, transient hyperglycemic ischemia induced by bilateral carotid occlusion in combination with arterial hypotension causes a uni- or bilateral lesion in the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra. Since this region has a central role in preventing seizure discharges the present study was carried out to determine the ultrastructural characteristics of this lesion. In rats with 10 min of transient hyperglycemic ischemia followed by recirculation for 1 to 18 h, the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra showed signs of status spongiosus, as well as extensive nerve cell alterations. These changes were observed after all recovery periods studied. The spongiotic appearance was mainly caused by swelling of dendrites and, to a lesser degree, by astrocytic swelling. The dendrites were expanded at all recovery times but the severity increased during the later periods of recirculation. These swollen dendrites contained severely expanded mitochondrias and endoplasmic reticulum. The cytoskeletal elements showed disordered lining of microtubules. Two major types of nerve cell alterations were present: a “pale” and a “dark” variety. The pale type was the most frequent cell alteration. It occurred in all experimental groups and at all time points. Redistribution of the nuclear chromatin and of cytoplasmic organelles as well as swelling of the same type as in the dendrites were the essential changes. The dark neurons were much fewer in number and occupied a peripheral position in the pars reticulata. Astrocytic foot processes appeared to be dilated around the dark neurons. Swelling of astrocyte processes was most pronounced in the 1 h recovery animals. Both types of neurons showed severe mitochondrial alterations of the type observed in dendrites. Occasionally, mitochondrial alterations were found in astrocytic processes as well. Blood vessel alterations were lacking. Previous studies have shown that in this model of ischemia the substantia nigra has a relatively well-preserved blood perfusion. In view of this the extensive histopathological lesions are surprising. We speculate that the lesions primarily involve excitotoxic damage to dendrites, with pronounced lactic acidosis playing a contributory role in causing axonal and glial pathology as well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687073
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Permeability studies of the guinea pig placental labyrinth (1987)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 176 (1987), S. 525-530 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Placenta ; Guinea pig ; Labyrinth ; Syncytiotrophoblast ; Tracers ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The permeability of the materno-fetal barrier in the chorioallantoic placenta was studied in guinea pigs with gestation at term applying a variety of electron-opaque tracers via maternal circulation. None of the tracers tested was seen permeating the syncytiotrophoblast in the materno-fetal direction up to a 20 min interval when the fine structure of the placenta was satisfactorily preserved. The lanthanum chloride, cationized ferritin and horseradish peroxidase bound to the trophoblast surface, apparently due to electrostatic forces more than to specific receptors, and no uptake of these probes was detected in the cytoplasm. Albumin-colloidal gold complex, also used as a tracer, yielded similar results. As reported in other species with more complex syncytiotrophoblastic organization, this layer investing maternal lacunae is a highly selective permability barrier.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310092
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebral gangliocytoma (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 74 (1987), S. 169-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebral gangliocytoma ; Parieto-frontal lobe ; Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies ; No synapse ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We report a case of cerebral gangliocytoma (GC) with a variety of unusual structures in the tumor cells. Light microscopically, the tumor consisted of typical ganglion cells, atypical cells which has argyrophilic granules in the cytoplasm, and a few astrocytes. Electron microscopically, the tumor cells showed typical gangliocytic features, which had abundant rough endoplasmic reticula, ribosomes and cored vesicles of 90–150 nm diameter, a few 50-nm-diametered non-cored vesicles, and other common organelles in their cytoplasm. Furthermore, neoplastic ganglion cells contained a variety of abnormal structures, including membranous cytoplasmic bodies (MCB), Zebra bodies (ZB), tubular structures, branched tubular structures (BTS), concentrical laminated bodies and curvilinear bodies (CB). The MCB, ZB and CB resembled those in GM2 gangliosidosis (GMG), and the BTS that in infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD). Although the significance of these inclusions is still unknown, it is considered that some common mechanism might play a role in the metabolism of both neoplastic neuronal cells and degenerating neurons (GMG and INAD). Synapses could not be observed anywhere despite complete neuronal differentiation of many tumor cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692848
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transplantation of cerebellar anlagen to hosts with genetic cerebellocortical atrophy (1987)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 176 (1987), S. 145-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Neurological mutant mice ; ‘Purkinje cell degeneration’ (pcd) ; Weaver ; Neural transplants ; Cerebellum ; Light microscopy ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Embryonic cerebellar grafts from genetically normal donors were implanted into the cerebellomedullary cistern of adult ‘Purkinje cell degeneration’ (pcd) and weaver mutant mice, which are respectively characterized by the selective loss of Purkinje and granule cells. Grafts placed into both mutant recipients exhibited a layered cellular organization reminiscent of the normal cerebellar cortex. Molecular, Purkinje, and granule cell layers were identifiable. Grafted Purkinje cells displayed characteristic cytological features, such as hypolemmal cisterns in association with mitochondria in the perikaryon, and lamellar structures in their axons. The cytological features of granule cell somata in the grafts appeared similar to those of mature granule cells. Electron microscopic examination of the molecular layer of the grafts revealed the presence of parallel fibers, which were not oriented in a parallel fashion; axon terminals of such fibers were often presynaptic to dendritic spines. The number of parallel fibers was markedly reduced in grafts implanted into both mutants compared to the normal cerebellar cortex; however, this phenomenon is commonly seen in cerebellum in tissue culture and in cerebellar transplants into normal hosts. It is concluded, therefore, that the environment of the mutant hosts does not affect the survival of Purkinje or granule cells and that transplantation of solid cerebellar grafts in the neurological mutants studied does not seem to pose any apparent limitations beyond those inherent to the process of cerebellar growth and differentiation outside its normal environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310047
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rhabdomyosarcoma in the region of the sella turcica (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 88 (1987), S. 142-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; immunohistochemistry ; pituitary ; rhabdomyosarcoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intracranial extension of rhabdomyosarcoma from the face, nasopharynx or middle ear is rare. A 16-year-old boy presented with deterioration of vision and headache. CT scan revealed a soft tissue mass occupying the sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses, extending to the suprasellar fossa and impinging on the optic chiasm. The tumour, mimicking pituitary carcinoma, was removed by transsphenoidal craniotomy. Morphologic studies, including immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy, revealed that the tumour was a rhabdomyosarcoma. This case stresses the value of immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies in the diagnosis of tumours occurring in the region of the sella turcica. The origin of this tumour was thought to be the sphenoid or ethmoid sinus. The pituitary gland appeared intact.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01404151
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erythropoietin in haemangioblastoma: Immunohistochemical and electron microscopy studies (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 85 (1987), S. 56-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; erythropoietin ; haemangioblastoma ; immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemical studies for erythropoietin were carried out in six capillary haemangioblastomas, three of which were also studied by electron microscopy. The immunohistochemical studies showed that positively stained cells were scattered in the vicinity of capillaries, and that neither endothelial cells nor stromal cells were stained. In their morphology and distribution, the positively stained cells were identical to mast cells as observed by electron microscopy. In one case, erythropoietin was demonstrated in the cyst fluid of the tumour. These findings suggest that mast cells with abundant secreting granules in haemangioblastomas are capable of producing erythropoietin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01402372
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pacinian corpuscles in rats with carbon disulphide neuropathy (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 72 (1987), S. 341-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Carbon disulphide neuropathy ; Pacinian corpuscles ; Denervation and reinnervation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Adult Wistar rats were exposed to carbon disulphide vapours at a concentration of 2.4 mg/l of air for 5 days a week (6 h a day), and the ultrastructure of Pacinian corpuscles and their nerve supply was investigated after 6 months of exposure. Both degenerative and regenerative changes were observed in sensory axons and the corpuscles. In a sample of corpuscles examined, 30% were denervated and about 60% showed clear signs of reinnervation. Some of the reinnervated corpuscles were supplied by unmyelinated axons. In others, one to three myelinated axons were already found at the nerve entry. The axons branched and formed three to eight terminals in the inner core. Due to continuous intoxication, most regenerated terminals were again undergoing degeneration. In peripheral nerves, the evidence of axonal regeneration has been reported in various toxic distal axonopathies. However, the reinnervation of Pacinian corpuscles has not been described before. It can be expected that reinnervation of Pacinian corpuscles and other end-organs also occurs in other axonopathies, if not during continuous poisoning, then at least after its cessation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687265
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Size distributions of circular molecules in plant mitochondrial DNAs (1987)
    Springer
    Current genetics 12 (1987), S. 49-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Replicative intermediates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Some physicochemical properties of the mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNA) from plants of flax, broad bean and mung bean, and from tissue culture cells of jimson weed, soybean, petunia and tobacco were determined. Circular molecules were observed in electron microscope preparations of each mtDNA. In soybean, petunia, broad bean and mung bean mtDNAs, the circular molecules had a continuous distribution of lengths (ranges between 1 to 36 kb, and 1 to 126 kb), heavily skewed toward smaller molecules. Eighty-six percent of the flax circular molecules were from 27 to 54 kb in size, and 78% of the jimson weed circular molecules were from 4 to 15 kb. Replicative forms of 1.2–1.6 kb circular molecules were observed in electron microscope preparations of broad bean mtDNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00420727
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphometric and ultrastructural analyses of melanocytes, nevus cells, and melanoma cells (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 279 (1987), S. 167-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Morphometry ; Electron microscopy ; Cytological atypia ; Nevus cells ; Melanoma cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cytological atypia, revealed in the course of routine light microscopy, is considered a valuable indicator of malignancy in melanocytic lesions. A clear definition of the term cytological atypia, however, is lacking. Therefore, by morphometric analysis of ultrathin sections of 11 malignant melanomas (7 invasive, 3 in situ, and 1 lentigo maligna melanoma) and 10 compound nevi, we evaluated the discriminating power of the various facets of cytological atypia, i. e., nuclear area, area of the nucleolus, area of the total cell, and nuclear irregularity. In each case, at least 50 intraepidermal melanocytic cells were examined. The two-sided U-test showed significant differences between intraepidermal nevus and melanoma cells, with regard to the mean values (x) and standard deviations (s) of the nuclear area (x and s, p=0.00011), area of the nucleolus (x, p=0.00043; s, p=0.00011), and area of the total cell (x, p=0.00011; s, p=0.00093). However, only the mean values and standard deviations of the nuclear area allowed a clear distinction in each individual case. The area of the nucleus can be estimated in the course of routine histology. We therefore think that the size and variation of the nuclear area should be considered in the histological differential diagnosis between malignant melanomas and benign nevi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00413252
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collagen studies in congenital cutis laxa (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 279 (1987), S. 308-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Congenital cutis laxa ; Collagen synthesis ; Electron microscopy ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of congenital cutis laxa (CCL) of unclear mode of inheritance associated with multiple pulmonary artery branch stenosis was extensively investigated to assess possible correlations between clinical, ultrastructural, and biochemical features. Light microscopy revealed that elastic fibers were absent in the papillary dermis, while hypoplastic elsewhere. Transmission electron microscopy showed a poor elastin matrix content in some elastic fibers, variable diameters of collagen fibrils, and abundant glycogen granules in most dermal cells. Measurement of collagen fibril diameters, using an image analyzer, was carried out in the patient and two age- and site-matched controls. A biomodal distribution was found in the upper reticular dermis of the patient. In vitro analysis of collagen in skin fibroblast cultures of the patient showed increased collagen synthesis with a balanced production of type I and type III procollagens. Our study confirms that CCL represents a disorder both of collagen and elastic connective tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431223
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the gracile nucleus projection to the dorsal accessory subdivision of the cat inferior olive (1987)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 66 (1987), S. 175-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Dorsal column nuclei ; Gracile nucleus ; Inferior olive ; Dorsal accessory olive ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study examined the termination pattern within the dorsal accessory subdivision of the cat inferior olive of axons arising from the gracile nucleus. The gracile terminals were labeled by anterograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin complexed to horseradish peroxidase and visualized with tetramethyl benzidine. Gracile terminals were found to contain round synaptic vesicles and form asymmetric synaptic contacts. Of particular interest was the finding that gracile axons, like axons from the spinal cord, terminate primarily outside of synaptic glomeruli. Yet most of the gracile terminals did not synapse on isolated dendritic elements. Rather, the majority contacted distal dendrites which directly contacted other dendritic elements, forming simple complexes termed dendritic thickets. Typically the dendritic thickets were composed of two or three dendrites that received input from more than one round vesicle-containing synaptic terminal. Only one terminal per thicket was labeled by injections in the gracile nucleus. This clustering of pre-and postsynaptic elements within the thickets provides opportunities for many of the same interactions allowed by synaptic glomeruli, in particular divergence and convergence of information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236213
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of adrenal medullary grafts in the pain modulatory regions of the rat periaqueductal gray (1987)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 67 (1987), S. 380-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Adrenal medulla ; Periaqueductal gray ; Neural implants ; Analgesia ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recent findings in our laboratory indicate that adrenal medullary grafts produce significant alterations in pain sensitivity. Electron microscopic studies were undertaken to correlate these behavioral changes with the neural interactions of the host and graft tissue in the periaqueductal gray. A striking change found 8 weeks after transplantation is that pronounced myelination has taken place both in the graft and in the host tissue. The new myelin formation in the graft has the typical appearance of PNS myelination and, in the host the appearance of CNS myelination. The endothelial cells of the capillaries in the grafted tissue are attenuated and fenestrated in contrast to those of the surrounding parenchymal tissue of the host. By 8 weeks, the graft becomes heavily encapsulated with collagen, while the host CNS tissue develops layers of glial processes outlining the graft. However, collagen and glial layers apparently do not form an absolute barrier to either cellular or humoral interaction between the host and graft tissue. Chromaffin cells can be found protruding into the host CNS tissue and sometimes forming synapses with presumably the host neuronal processes. Grafted chromaffin cells may participate as both postsynaptic and, less often, as presynaptic components of synaptic junctions. The behavioral relevance of these synaptic contacts is unclear, since similar implants of adrenal medullary tissue into the dorsal spinal cord subarachnoid space, which also induce potent analgesia, do not contain synapses. Thus, it is more likely that behavioral changes are brought about by diffusion of neuroactive substances from grafted chromaffin cells to host receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248558
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synaptic input and local output of dopaminergic neurons in grafts that functionally reinnervate the host neostriatum (1987)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 68 (1987), S. 131-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Ventral mesencephalic grafts ; Electron microscopy ; Afferent synapses ; Tyrosine hydroxylase immunocytochemistry ; Dopaminergic neurons ; Dopaminergic boutons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In adult rats with a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesion of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway, grafts of embryonic ventral mesencephalon can establish extensive efferent connections with the previously denervated host neostriatum and can compensate for motor and sensorimotor asymmetries induced by the lesion. The object of this study was to examine the afferent synaptic inputs to grafted dopaminergic neurons, implanted into a cortical cavity overlying the previously denervated caudate-putamen, using electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. The dopaminergic neurons of the grafts in the same animals had previously been shown to re-innervate the host neostriatum, to form synaptic connections therein and to attenuate the lesion-induced motor asymmetry that occured in response to amphetamine (Freund et al. 1985). In the light microscope, the grafts were found to contain numerous tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive perikarya, dendrites, axons and axonal swellings which had distinct distributions. In addition axons and axonal swellings that were immunoreactive for either substance P or glutamate decarboxylase were present. Electron microscopic analysis of the boutons contacting tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the grafts revealed the presence of at least five distinct types of afferent synaptic boutons based on their immunochemistry, morphology, or types of membrane specialization. One type was itself immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase; such synapses are extremely rare in the intact substantia nigra, none were found in the contralateral substantia nigrae or the substantia nigra of a control rat. Three of the remaining types had ultrastructural features that were similar to synaptic terminals that were immunoreactive for substance P or glutamate decarboxylase. These synapses were similar to the types of synapses found contacting dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra contralateral to the graft or the substantia nigra of a control rat. The results demonstrate that, in the absence of the normal extrinsic afferent inputs, the intracortical mesencephalic grafts have a well-developed local synaptic circuitry. It is suggested that local circuit regulation of dopaminergic neurons within the graft may, at least in part, be responsible for the maintenance of a normal or close to normal functional activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255240
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural study of the occurrence of autosomal dominant ichthyosis vulgaris in atopic eczema (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 279 (1987), S. 270-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Atopic eczema ; Hyperlinear palms ; Autosomal dominant ichthyosis vulgaris ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417327
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relation between α-methyl-D-glucoside influx and brush border surface area in enterocytes from chicken cecum and jejunum (1987)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 408 (1987), S. 515-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Sugar transport ; Electron microscopy ; Chicken cecum and jejunum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated the possible relation between the phloridzin-sensitive influx of α-methyl-D-glucoside (concentration 5 mmol/l) and the brush border surface area, in chicken isolated enterocytes. The intestinal regions studied were: jejunum and proximal cecum (both with high affinity sugar transport sites), medial cecum (with a low affinity transport system) and distal cecum (which lacks any transport ability). Cell apical surface measured by electron microscopy gave the following results; jejunal cells (0.41 μm2) 〉proximal cecal cells (0.23 μm2)〉medial cecal cells (0.15 μm2)=distal cecal cells (0.14 μm2). This parameter is mainly determined by the length of microvilli. Sugar influx studies showed that the concentration of the substrate in cell water (in mmol/l) was jejunum (7.1)〉proximal cecum (2.9) 〉medial cecum (1.7)〉distal cecum (not different from zero). The decline in influx rate from proximal to distal cecum may be explained both by changes in surface and by the different carriers involved (differentK m). Results of sugar concentration in the distal cecal cells do not correlate with the other segments studied since the substrate enters in these cells by a passive process. It is concluded that the degree of development of microvilli should be taken into account when estimating nutrient transport rates in different intestinal segments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00585078
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of polymorphonuclear leukocytes with calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals deposited in chondrocalcinosis cartilage (1987)
    Springer
    Rheumatology international 7 (1987), S. 217-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Chondrocalcinosis ; Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals ; Polymorphonuclear leukocyte ; Articular cartilage ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopy was used to investigate the characteristics of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystals in chondrocalcinosis (pseudogout syndrome). Crystals in midzone cartilage were frequently seen adjacent to chondrocytes. Great variation in crystal size and shape was observed. Most of the pyrophosphate crystals that had been phagocytosed by polymorphonuclear leukocytes of synovial fluid from patients with acute pseudogout were small (≦1 μm), indicating that small crystals can cause intense inflammation. Large numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes became attached to the eroded articular surface and phagocytosed microcrystals. Interaction of polymorphonuclear leukocytes with CPPD crystals in the superficial region of articular cartilage may stimulate the release of inflammatory mediators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00541380
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Further electron microscope observations on polyethylene I. Granule structure of the melt as an artifact (1987)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 265 (1987), S. 855-859 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; polyethylenemelt ; fine structure ; artifact
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract There are still two opinions on the fine structure of polymer melts and glasses: (a) that the structure is similarly homogeneous to that in lower molecular weight materials and (b) that the structure shows larger short-range order regions (2–20 nm), which consist of bundeled segments of the chain molecules. Whereas opinion a relies more on indirect methods of investigation, opinion b is based mainly on fine granular structures which become visible in electron microscope investigations of surfaces of glassy solidified polymers. Such a fine structure can now be observed directly in a polyethylene melt. However, the structure is exposed as an artifact, so opinion a is supported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01421812
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sarcomatous degeneration in Paget's bone disease (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 113 (1987), S. 392-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Paget's disease of bone ; Osteosarcoma ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The authors report 12 cases (8 men and 4 women) of sarcomatous degeneration in Paget's bone disease, with an average age of 72.3 years. Sarcomatous degeneration occurred often in polyostotic Paget's disease, and osteitis deformans was seen in 4 cases. Femur and pelvis were the most affected bones. Pain was a constant feature, whereas tumefaction and fracture were less common. Osteolytic lesions were more frequent than condensed or mixed lesions and radiological signs of malignancy were usually found. Seven cases were histologically clasiified as osteogenic sarcoma and 3 cases as fibrosarcoma. Electron microscopy was performed on 2 osteogenic sarcomas and in 1 case revealed microcylindrical inclusion in Pagetic osteoclasts and in multinucleated giant tumor cells, but none in mononucleated tumor cells. The average survival time for the patients in this study was only 4.5 months.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397726
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  • 32
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    Electronic Resource
    Light and electron microscopic studies of a case with simultaneous Mondini and Michel deformities of the inner ears (1987)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 243 (1987), S. 361-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Human inner ear ; Congenital anomalies ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We performed light and electron microscopic studies on the temporal bones of a patient with genetic aplastic deafness, in which the right ear had a Mondini-type defect and the left ear a Michel-type anomaly. The round window of each ear was absent. The stapedial foot plate of the right ear was depressed at its central part and was covered by thin membrane. The course of the internal auditory meatus of the left ear was deviated ventrally. There was total aplasia of the cochlea in the left ear, while that of the right ear showed only three-quarters of a turn. In this ear, three sites of spherical bulging were found and were believed to represent outer hair cells. Other structures of the normal cochlear duct were not present. The modiolus of the left ear was round and dome-shaped, contained sparse nerve fibers and a primitive spiral ganglion. The saccule, utricle and semicircular canals of each ear were missing, so that a common cavity of the vestibular system was present. Several otoliths could be seen under the surface of the membrane covering the common cavity. No sensory cells or their related tissues could be found in either ear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00464642
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  • 33
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    Electronic Resource
    The significance of calcium antagonists in rat experimental tympanosclerosis (1987)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 243 (1987), S. 382-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Experimental tympanosclerosis ; Calcium antagonists ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of calcium antagonists in experimental tympanosclerosis following infection with Streptococcus pyogenes and vitamin D3 intoxication has been analyzed in a rat animal model. Compared with untreated animals, calcium antagonists exert a positive effect on the degenerative process and on secondary calcification in the subepithelial layer. This effect could be substantiated planimetrically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00464647
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light and electron microscopic studies of localized laryngeal amyloidosis (1987)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 244 (1987), S. 180-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Localized laryngeal amyloidosis ; Light microscopy ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We performed light and electron microscopic studies in a case of localized supraglottic laryngeal amyloidosis involving a 55-year-old woman. Tissue specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and alkaline Congo red with or without permanganate (KMnO4) treatment, and were also examined with peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemistry. Biopsy specimens from the epiglottis showed diffuse replacement of the subepithelial region by amyloid, which showed a typical green birefringence under polarized light. Tissue affinity for Congo red was persistent after the KMnO4 treatment. However, the tissue sections showed a positive reaction only to the anti-P component antibody. Electron microscopic studies revealed some disorders of the plasma cells, suggesting that these cells play an important role in focal production of amyloid fibrils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00464264
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Virus spread and initial pathological changes in the nervous system in genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in mice (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 72 (1987), S. 377-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Herpes simplex virus type 2 ; Genital infection ; Avidin-Biotin Method ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mice were infected by the vaginal route with the MS strain of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). Serial vaginal cultures were used to confirm infection and to select mice for this study. Two mice were killed by perfusion on days 2–6 post infection (p.i.) and lumbar and sacral cord with cauda were fixed and embedded for electron microscopy. Semithin Epon-sections were stained for viral antigen using a rabbit anti-HSV-2 antiserum and the Avidin-Biotin (ABC) method. Thin sections from antigen-positive blocks were examined by electron microscopy, and the number and types of infected cells detected by these two methods were compared. A good correlation was found between detection of infected cells by these methods. Infected cells included neurons of dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord, satellite cells of dorsal root ganglia, non-myelinating Schwann cells, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and arachnoidal cells. Infected cells were first detected in the cauda on day 3 p.i. and in the spinal cord on day 5 p.i. The temporal and spatial distribution of infected cells was consistent with neural spread to and within the CNS. The pathological lesions showed a good correlation with the distribution and number of infected cells and are probably due to a direct virus effect. The similar sensitivity of the Epon-ABC method to electron microscopy in detecting infected cells indicates that this method may have useful applications in both experimental and diagnostic work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687270
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  • 36
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    Electronic Resource
    Idiopathic nonarteriosclerotic cerebral calcification (Fahr's disease): an electron microscopic study (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 73 (1987), S. 62-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebral calcification ; Fahr's disease ; Electron microscopy ; Histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of idiopathic nonarteriosclerotic cerebral calcification was studied post mortem by histochemical and scanning and transmission electron microscopic methods. Calcification was found bilaterally in the basal ganglia, cerebral cortex, granular layer and white matter of the cerebellum. Histochemical examination revealed that deposits were composed of a mixture of glycoproteins, mucopolysaccharides, calcium salts and iron. Transmission electron microscopy revealed minute deposits mainly in the cytoplasm of adventitial cells of blood vessels and sometimes in the cytoplasmic processes of glial cells. Scanning electron microscopy showed that some of the spherical and hemispherical bodies, which were formed in the adventitial cells of blood vessels, were connected with filamentous cytoplasmic processes of surrounding cells. Small uncalcified deposits occurring in the cytoplasm of the adventitial cells had subsequently had minerals deposited in them. Some kind of impairment of the pericytes may play an important role at the onset of this disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00695503
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  • 37
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    Electronic Resource
    Human breast epithelium in vitro: The re-expression of structural and functional cellular differentiation in long-term culture (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 247 (1987), S. 433-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Mammary gland ; Tissue culture ; Collagen gel ; Electron microscopy ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fragments of human breast epithelium, devoid of all stromal and basal lamina components, which maintain their in vivo topological organisation can be cultured for up to 28 days within a reconstituted rat-tail-derived collagen matrix. These organoids initially undergo a loss of structural and 3-dimensional organisation, typified by loss of lumina formed by epithelial cells, and myosin from myoepithelial cells. Their subsequent reorganisation is dependent on the presence of serum, insulin, hydrocortisone, and cholera toxin in tissue culture medium. After this preliminary phase, a reduction in the concentration of serum, insulin, hydrocortisone, and cholera toxin is necessary to allow the structural differentiation of epithelial and myoepithelial cells. The myoepithelial cells also regain their ability to produce the basal lamina component laminin. The use of bovine-dermal collagen as the matrix, rather than rat-tail-derived collagen is shown to result in more stable organisation and differentiation of the organoids. The successful use of single-cell pellets (derived by trypsinisation of the organoids) in place of organoids in such cultures illustrates that there is no requirement for pre-existing cell/ cell contact or topological organisation of cells prior to embedding within the collagen matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218324
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  • 38
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    Electronic Resource
    Morphological evidence for a direct innervation of the mouse vomeronasal glands (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 247 (1987), S. 457-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vomeronasal glands ; Autonomic innervation ; Electron microscopy ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphological evidence for a direct autonomic innervation of the mouse vomeronasal glands is presented. Axonal varicosities containing a few densecore vesicles and numerous clear vesicles (36–60 nm in diameter) make synaptic contacts with the secretory cells at the base of the glandular acini. The axonal presynaptic membrane is associated with a distinct dense material and it is separated from the secretory cell by a synaptic cleft of about 12–14 nm. At the postsynaptical level, coated vesicles can be found. Additional postsynaptical specializations have not been observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218328
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  • 39
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    Electronic Resource
    Electron-microscopic characterization of adrenergic axon terminals in the diencephalon of the rat (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 393-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenaline ; Phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Central nervous system ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of adrenergic axon terminals was examined in the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PNT) and in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus-median eminence (ARC-ME) complex by use of phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase (PNMT) immunocytochemistry. In the PNT, immunoreactive terminals formed a dense and well-circumscribed plexus. In the ARC, labeled varicosities were less numerous and more evenly distributed. In the ME, they were scarce and confined to the inner zone. In all these areas, the diameter of immunoreactive varicosities ranged between 0.2 and 1.3 μm; in the ME and in the transitional zone between the ARC and the ME, a population of larger boutons (〉2 μm) was also visible. All immunoreactive varicosities exhibited densely packed small, clear vesicles associated with a few large granular vesicles. In the PNT and the ARC, but not in the ME, they formed synaptic contacts with dendritic elements and were occasionally apposed to neuronal cell bodies. These axo-somatic appositions showed no junctional specializations. In the ME and transitional zone, immunoreactive terminals were frequently juxtaposed to, and occasionally established differentiated synaptic contacts with, tanycytes. These data support a transmitter role for adrenaline in the diencephalon and suggest that adrenaline plays a role in hypothalamo-hypophysiotropic regulation through interactions with neural and glial elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218207
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  • 40
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    Electronic Resource
    Diversification of the myofibrillar M-band in rat skeletal muscle during postnatal development (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 169-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: M-band structure ; Fibre type ; Skeletal muscle ; Cryo ultramicrotomy ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of the M-band in soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles in newborn and four-week-old rats was studied using electron-microscopic techniques. In newborn rats, all myotubes and fibres in both muscles had an identical myofibrillar appearance. A five-line M-band pattern was seen in longitudinal sections and distinct M-bridges in cross-sections. The Z-discs were of medium width. On the other hand, in four-week-old rats, different muscle fibre types were observed on the basis of their myofibrillar pattern. In SOL two fibre types were distinguished in longitudinal sections. One had a four-line M-band pattern and very broad Z-discs, whereas the other type had five lines in the M-band and broad Z-discs. In EDL, three different myofibrillar patterns were observed. The M-bands were composed of three, four or five lines. Fibres had either thin, broad or medium Z-disc widths, respectively. In cross-sections of the SOL muscle one group of fibres showed indistinct M-bridges, whereas distinct M-bridges were seen in the other fibres and in all observed EDL muscle fibres. We conclude that initially there seems to be a single intrinsic program for M-band genesis; this program becomes modified upon the induction of functionally differentiated fibres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01239978
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural demonstration of nerve endings containing a substance related to growth hormone-releasing factor in the guinea-pig paraventricular nucleus (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 223-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF) ; Paraventricular nucleus ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Synapses ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary By means of a preembedding immuno-electronmicroscopic technique, a large number of nerve endings containing a substance related to human growth hormonereleasing factor (hGRF) have been demonstrated in the paraventricular nucleus of the guinea pig. They made synaptic contacts primarily with dendritic shafts: 80% of these contacts were symmetrical. The immunoprecipitate was located mainly in large granules and around small clear vesicles. These findings suggest that a peptide related to hGRF may play a role in neural communication in the paraventricular nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01239984
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  • 42
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemistry of contractile and cytoskeletal proteins in smooth muscle: Lowicryl, LR White, and polyvinylalcohol compared (1987)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 139 (1987), S. 160-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cytoskeleton ; Contractile proteins ; Lowicryl ; LR White ; Polyvinylalcohol ; Immunogold staining ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Three embedding media have been compared with respect to post-embedding immunolabeling of contractile and cytoskeletal antigens in aldehyde-fixed smooth muscle tissue: the methacrylate derivates lowicryl K4M (cured at −35 or 60°C) and LR White (cured at 0 or 60°C) and the water soluble resin, polyvinylalcohol (dried at 60°C). Measurements of intensity of labeling of ultrathin sections in the fluorescence microscope showed that five antigens (actin, myosin light chain, tropomyosin, filamin and vinculin) reacted more or less equally with their respective antibodies in all the embedding media, including those cured at 60°C. One antibody (anti-light meromyosin) reacted well only with polyvinylalcohol-embedded tissue. In contrast to the relative invariance of antibody reactivity between media clear differences in the preservation of ultrastructural integrity were observed. Embedding in polyvinylalcohol (dried at 60°C) and in Lowicryl (cured at −35°C) resulted in superior preservation as compared to Lowicryl or LR White cured at 60°C. Examples of uitrastructural immunocytochemistry with the antibodies against filamin and myosin light chain, using the immunogold staining procedure are presented: the sites of localization by these antibodies were the same with all the media tried. The relative merits of the different methods are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01282287
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    Morphology and development of rhabdovirus-like particles inCuscuta odorata (Convolvulaceae) simultaneous infected with virus and mycoplasma-like organisms (1987)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 139 (1987), S. 130-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cytopathology ; Rhabdovirus ; Development ; Electron microscopy ; Cuscuta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopic examination ofCuscuta odorata, used for transmission trials, revealed mycoplasma-like organisms (MLO) as well as rhabdovirus-like particles, unknown toCuscuta. The virus infection is confined to certain phloem-parenchyma cells and a 1–2 cell thick layer of parenchyma cells with thickened walls surrounding the central cylinder. Virus particles, mostly bacilliform, could be detected mainly in the nucleus but also in the cytoplasm. They reach a length of 350–400 nm and a diameter of approximately 75 nm. Virus assembly takes place exclusively in the nucleus. Virus maturation occurs in membrane bound areas within the nucleus, which have no connection with the perinuclear space. Formation of nucleocapsids is always associated with a nuclear viroplasm. Envelopment of virus particles occurs in these membrane bound areas. Budding into the perinuclear space does not occur. Virus infection leads to degeneration and finally to death of the protoplast.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01282283
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    A light and electron microscope study ofPicea glauca (White spruce) somatic embryos (1987)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 140 (1987), S. 100-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Actin ; Conifer ; Electron microscopy ; Picea glauca ; Somatic embryo ; Tissue culture ; Ultrastructure ; White spruce
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Somatic embryos in embryogenic callus cultures derived from Immature zygotic embryos ofPicea glauca (White spruce) were examined by light and electron microscopy. Somatic embryos consist of an embryonic region of small densely cytoplasmic cells subtended by a suspensor consisting of long highly vacuolated cells. Mitotic figures are frequent in the embryonic cells but are not observed in the suspensor. Cell divisions in the embryonic region apparently produce rows of cells which elongate to form the suspensor. The presence of abundant polysomes, coated membranes and dictyosomes in the cytoplasm of embryonic and upper suspensor cells suggests rapid growth of the embryo. In contrast the basipetal suspensor cells appear to be senescing. While only a few scattered microfilaments are present in the meristematic cells, the upper suspensor cells contain numerous bundles of longitudinally oriented microfilaments. These bundles correspond to actin cables observed in light microscope preparations stained with rhodamine labelled phalloidin and are oriented parallel to the direction of active streaming in these cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01273718
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  • 45
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    Electronic Resource
    Medulloblastoma: histological evaluation and prognosis (1987)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 3 (1987), S. 74-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Medulloblastoma ; GFAP-positivity ; Electron microscopy ; Postoperative follow-up
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Eighty-four cases of medulloblastoma were examined immunohistochemically and 12 by electron microscopy to assess differentiation in these tumors. Based upon the largest series of medulloblastoma studied to date, we demonstrated glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positivity, in 25% (21/84) of these tumors showing glial differentiation. GFAP-positive cells were seen more frequently in the desmoplastic variant of medulloblastoma (7/10). Under electron microscopy, the major part of the 12 tumors studied appeared primitive and undifferentiated. In 7 cases, groups of cells were found with primitive neuronal and/or glial features. GFAP positivity was confirmed at light microscopy level in all cases where cells showed glial differentiation in the form of glial-like filaments in cytoplasma. However, a follow-up questionnaire study of those patients who had received only surgical treatment revealed no difference in mean survival time between GFAP-positive and GFAP-negative medulloblastoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271127
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  • 46
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    Electronic Resource
    An immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study of a central venous hemangioma of the mandible (1987)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 244 (1987), S. 30-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Central venous hemangioma ; Mandible ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To date, 96 cases of central hemangiomas of the jawbones have been described in the literature. Of these cases, the mandible has been more affected than the maxilla, while approximately 50% of all cases occur in the first and second decades of life. Histopathologically, cavernous and capillary types are often found, in contrast to the central venous type, which is rare. We have recently treated a 44-year-old man, who was found to have a central venous hemangioma in his mandible. Immunohistochemical studies were performed using factor-VIIIrelated antigen as well as various lectins as markers for tumor endothelial cells. Our results showed that four kinds of lectins (UEA-I, PNA, ConA, and DBA) were useful for the marker as factor-VIII-related antigen. Scanning electron microscopic findings of this tumor demonstrated that the lumina of the blood vessels were more rough, while the lining endothelial cells were more irregular when compared with those of the normal vascular system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00453488
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  • 47
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    Electronic Resource
    Autonomic innervation of the arteriovenous anastomoses in the dog tongue (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 247 (1987), S. 167-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Arteriovenous anastomoses ; Autonomic innervation ; Synaptic vesicles ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Tongue ; Dog
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The innervation of the arteriovenous anastomoses in the dog tongue has been investigated. At the lightmicroscopic level, the vessels were found to be densely supplied with adrenergic and AChE-positive nerve plexuses and less densely with the quinacrine-binding nerve plexus. At the electron-microscopic level, at least two apparently different types of axon profiles were identified: 1) Small vesicle-containing axons, characterized by many small granular vesicles, variable numbers of small clear vesicles and large granular vesicles. Storage of endogenous amines and uptake of exogenous amines into most small granular vesicles and many large granular vesicles was demonstrated. These axons stained only lightly with reaction products for AChE activity and thus seemed to be adrenergic in nature. Some axons contained numerous large granular vesicles, whose cores occasionally stained with uranyl ions; this suggests a co-localization of ATP or peptides as neurotransmitters. 2) Small granular vesicle-free axons, containing small clear vesicles and large granular vesicles in variable ratio. Most cores of these large granular vesicles were heavily stained with uranyl ions. No storage or uptake of amine into the synaptic vesicles was detected. Some axons appeared to be typically cholinergic, some, typically non-adrenergic, noncholinergic, and the rest, intermediate between the two. All axons stained heavily with reaction products for AChE activity, suggesting their cholinergic nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216559
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    Electronic Resource
    The seminal vesicle of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 247 (1987), S. 573-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Seminal vesicle ; Histology ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Physiology ; Clarias gariepinus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The seminal vesicle of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, consists of 36–44 fingerlike lobes built up of tubules in which a fluid is secreted containing acid polysaccharides, acid-, neutral- and basic proteins, and phospholipids. In this fluid sperm cells are stored. The seminal vesicle fluid immobilizes the sperm cells. After ejaculation, it prolongs the period of sperm activity. The seminal vesicle fluid is secreted by the epithelium lining the tubules. The tubules in the proximal part of the lobes are predominantly lined by a simple cylindrical and those of the distal part by a simple squamous epithelium. These epithelial cells contain enzymes involved in energy-liberating processes, the enzyme activites being proportional to the height of the cells. Interstitial cells between the tubules have enzyme-histochemical and ultrastructural features indicative of steroid biosynthesis. Similar characteristics are found in testicular interstitial cells. The most rostral seminal vesicle lobes and the most caudal testicular efferent tubules form a network of tubules that opens at the point where the paired parts of the sperm ducts fuse with each other. The tubules of most seminal vesicle lobes, however, form a complex system that fuses with the unpaired part of the sperm duct.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215751
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    Electronic Resource
    Innervation of chromatophore muscle fibres in the octopus Eledone cirrhosa (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 675-682 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Molluscan muscles ; Innervation ; Chromatophores ; Cephalopods ; Electron microscopy ; Eledone cirrhosa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cephalopod chromatophores are made of a central pigment cell surrounded by 10 to 20 radially arranged muscle fibres under direct nervous control. Innervation of these muscle fibres was studied with anterograde cobalt fills of peripheral nerve bundles and light and electron microscopy. Individual axons branch repeatedly to innervate the muscles of chromatophores scattered over several millimeters. Axons contained in several dermal nerves converge to innervate the same chromatophores. Among the chromaophores, axons were found running either singly or in small bundles, often accompanied by sheath cells. Single chromatophore muscles were innervated by at least one axon running across or along its length. Since nerves terminating on chromatophore muscles are very rare, neuromuscular contact seems to be made “en passant”. Varicosities of the axons apposed to the muscles are thought to be presynaptic sites. However, morphological differentiations of the pre-or post-synaptic membranes were not visible. Two types of innervating processes were found containing either electron-clear or a mixture of electron-clear and dark-core synaptic vesicles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216498
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    Demonstration of microtubules in the terminal web of mature absorptive cells from the small intestine of the rat (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 709-711 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Microtubules ; Terminal web ; Small intestine ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The terminal web (TW) region of mature absorptive cells in the small intestine of the rat contains an elaborate cytoskeleton which supports the apical microvillus membrane. In studies regarding the structural organization of the cytoskeleton and associated proteins in the small intestine, microtubules have not been mentioned as components of the TW. By transmission electron microscopy of conventional resin-embedded sections of rat small intestine, we observe many microtubule profiles in the TW of mature absorptive cells. These microtubules are found in various orientations, although most course parallel to the long axis of the cell, and many microtubule profiles are seen in close association with smooth-surfaced vesicles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216503
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    Ultrastructural distribution of alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the rat hypothalamus (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 250 (1987), S. 13-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Alpha-bungarotoxin ; Autoradiography ; Cholinergic receptors ; Electron microscopy ; Suprachiasmatic nucleus ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of (125I) alpha bungarotoxin (α-BTX) binding sites in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the adult female rat was examined by electron-microscopic autoradiography. The ultrastructural distribution of silver grains was analysed by line source, direct point count, and 50% probability circle methods. Real grain distribution was significantly different from that of randomly generated hypothetical grains. Line source analysis demonstrated two populations of sources: one associated with membranes, and one inside neuronal structures. Probability circle analysis of shared grains indicated that membrane-bound-radioactive sources were mainly asssociated with axo-dendritic appositions. Only a small proportion of labeled neuronal interfaces exhibited synaptic differentiations in the plane of section. However, the compartment containing synaptic terminals was the most enriched when comparing real to hypothetical grains. Probability circle analysis of exclusive grains demonstrated that sources that were not associated with neuronal plasma membranes were likely to be within nerve cell bodies and dendrites. It is concluded that the majority of specifically labeled α-BTX binding sites in the SCN is membrane bound, and may be associated with axodendritic synaptic transmission. The presence of a significant proportion of the label in the soma and dendrites of suprachiasmatic neurons 24 h after ventricular infusion suggests that some of the labeled binding sites (junctional or nonjunctional) may be internalized within these two compartments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214648
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    Bipolarity of duodenal enterochromaffin cells in the rat (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 49-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enterochromaffin cells ; Serotonin ; Duodenum ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Enterochromaffin cells of the rat duodenum have been studied immunocytochemically by use of a specific antiserum to serotonin. At the light-microscopic level serotonin immunoreactivity was observed in enterochromaffin cells located in the epithelium of the duodenal mucosa. Most of the serotonin-immunoreactive material was localized to the basal portion of the enterochromaffin cells, but small amounts of immunoreactive material were regularly observed in the apical portion. At the electron-microscopic level serotonin immunoreactivity in enterochromaffin cells was found to be concentrated over the dense cores of the cytoplasmic granules. The majority of these granules was located in the basal cytoplasm of the enterochromaffin cells, but serotonin-immunoreactive granules were also observed in the apical cytoplasm immediately beneath the microvilli. These observations indicate that duodenal enterochromaffin cells are bipolar and that they secrete serotonin both basally, to the circulation, and apically, to the gut lumen. Rat duodenal enterochromaffin cells thus appear to have an exocrine as well as an endocrine function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01239961
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    The Development of the Electron Microscope and of Electron Microscopy (Nobel Lecture)Copyright © The Nobel Foundation 1987. - We thank the Nobel Foundation, Stockholm, for permission to publish this article. (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 26 (1987), S. 595-605 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Nobel lecture ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.198705953
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    Scanning Tunneling Microscopy - from Birth to Adolescence (Nobel Lecture)Copyright © The Nobel Foundation 1987.-We thank the Nobel Foundation, Stockholm, for permission to print this article. (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 26 (1987), S. 606-614 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Scanning probe microscopy ; Nobel lecture ; Electron microscopy ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.198706061
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    Electron microscopic analysis of articular cartilage proteoglycan degradation by growth plate enzymes (1987)
    Hoboken, NJ [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Orthopaedic Research 5 (1987), S. 128-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0736-0266
    Keywords: Growth plate ; Protease ; Proteoglycan ; Electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To assess the effect of intracellular growth plate chondrocyte enzymes on proteoglycan structure, we examined enzyme-treated articular cartilage proteoglycans and untreated articular cartilage proteoglycans with the electron microscopic monolayer technique. The untreated proteoglycan monomers ranged in length from less than 20 nm to more than 700 nm, with a mean length of 224.5 + 101.6 nm in one experiment and 224.6 + 95.7 nm in a second experiment. Incubation with growth plate enzymes reduced proteoglycan monomers to fragments with lengths that varied from less than 5 nm to 143 nm, increased the variability in monomer length, and destroyed proteoglycan aggregates. The enzyme treated monomers had an average length of 29.5 + 17.9 nm in one experiment and 35.2 + 17.0 nm in a second experiment. The smallest common fragments were 15 nm long and would be expected to contain about 15 glycosaminoglycan chains. This experiment demonstrates that enzymes extracted from growth plate chondrocytes can degrade the chondroitin sulfate-rich region of proteoglycan monomer core proteins, produce a range of monomer fragment sizes with less than 20% of the fragments shorter than 5 nm or longer than 100 nm, increase the variability in monomer length, and degrade proteoglycan aggregates.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jor.1100050116
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    Contamination of thin sections: Some observations on the cause and elimination of “embedding pepper” (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 5 (1987), S. 59-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Postsection staining ; Section contamination ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A method is described for eliminating a form of contamination called embedding pepper that appears in, or on, thin sections following poststaining in lead citrate. The pepper is present most often in the matrixes of mitochondria, peroxisomes, and red blood cells. Formation of pepper can be prevented by treating the section with 0.5 N HCl or 1.0% ethylenediaminete-traacetic acid (EDTA) for 1-5 min before staining in uranyl acetate or lead citrate.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060050106
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    Immunolocalization of Alpha-Actinin in Adult Chicken Skeletal Muscles (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 6 (1987), S. 357-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Immunolabeling ; Skeletal muscle ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Immunoelectron microscopy techniques were used to localize alpha-actinin within the Z lattice of adult skeletal muscles. Analysis of electron micrographs by direct visualization demonstrated that anti-alpha-actinin Fab fragments bound throughout the Z lattice. A low-resolution scanning densitometry technique was developed to quantitate the visual increase in the density of the Z lattice. These techniques did not allow determination of the particular component of the Z lattice, amorphous matrix, axial filaments, or cross-connecting filaments with which the antibody was associated. Therefore, additional techniques, including direct measurement of filament diameters and optical diffraction, were utilized in determining which components of the Z lattice bound anti-alpha-actinin Fab fragments. These analyses suggest that the antibody binding is distributed evenly throughout the lattice, along the filaments, and between them and is confined to the region of double overlap of the ends of the thin filaments.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060060406
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    Differences in matrix vesicle concentration among growth plate zones (1987)
    Hoboken, NJ [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Orthopaedic Research 5 (1987), S. 157-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0736-0266
    Keywords: Matrix vesicles ; Growth plate ; Electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We studied the proximal tibial growth plates of 15-day-old mice to determine if matrix vesicle concentration varies among growth plate zones or between the pericellular and territorial matrix compartment and the interterritorial matrix compartment. Growth plates were examined by electron microscopy and divided into five zones: reserve zone (RZ), upper proliferative zone (UPZ), lower proliferative zone (LPZ), upper hypertrophic zone (UHZ), and lower hypertrophic zone (LHZ) which included the calcifying zone. We measured the diameter and volume fraction of matrix vesicles and calculated their numerical density and volume per cell and number per cell in the pericellular and territorial matrix and in the interterritorial matrix of each zone. In the pericellular and territorial matrix compartment, the matrix vesicle concentration progressively decreased from the RZ to the LHZ. Changes in matrix vesicle concentration in the interterritorial matrix followed a different pattern. Between the RZ and the UPZ, matrix vesicle numerical density declined slightly and then increased to peak values in the LPZ and UHZ, followed by a decline between the UHZ and the LHZ. These changes in matrix vesicle concentration paralleled previously reported changes in intramitochondrial calcium content (8), suggesting that matrix vesicle production in growth plate may be related to intracellular calcium concentration. The existence of the maximum concentration of matrix vesicles in the LPZ and UHZ longitudinal septa which do not mineralize followed by a decline in matrix vesicle concentration in the LHZ longitudinal septa which mineralize suggests that a high concentration of matrix vesicles may be needed to prepare the matrix for mineralization or to initiate mineralization and that matrix vesicles are depleted during mineralization.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jor.1100050202
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    Removal of epoxy-attached thin sections from glass slides by plasma etching (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 5 (1987), S. 131-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Sample preparation ; Petrographic thin sections ; Adhesive removal ; Oxygen plasma etching ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Thin-sectioned samples mounted on glass slides with common petrographic epoxies cannot be easily removed (for subsequent ion-milling) by standard methods such as heating or dissolution in solvents. A method for the removal of such samples using a radio frequency (RF) generated oxygen plasma has been investigated for a number of typical petrographic and ceramic thin sections. Sample integrity and thickness were critical factors that determined the etching rate of adhesive and the survivability of the sample. Several tests were performed on a variety of materials in order to estimate possible heating or oxidation damage from the plasma. Temperatures in the plasma chamber remained below 138°C and weight changes in mineral powders etched for 76 hr were less than ±4%. A crystal of optical grade calcite showed no apparent surface damage after 48 hr of etching. Any damage from the oxygen plasma is apparently confined to the surface of the sample, and is removed during the ion-milling stage of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) sample preparation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060050203
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    Comparison of surface roughness of sections cut by diamond, sapphire, and glass knives (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 6 (1987), S. 81-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Ultramicrotomy ; Thin sectioning ; Microtome knives ; Electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Low-angle chromium metal shadowing was used to compare the surface roughness of ultrathin sections cut with diamond, sapphire, and glass knives. Surface roughness was less on diamond-cut and sapphire-cut sections than on glass-cut sections, and was greater over tissue than resin, and greatest over red blood cells and mitochondria. Surface roughness contributed to image density variation and thereby lowered contrast and informational content of the sectioned tissue.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060060110
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    Structure of the M Band (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 6 (1987), S. 131-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Skeletal muscle ; Myofibrils ; Fish ; Electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: We have studied the structure of the M band in fish skeletal muscle using thin sectioning and deep-etching rotary shadowing. A reconstruction of the M band from these images shows it to be formed by obliquely arranged struts, which join the thick filaments to each other. Thickening of the thick filaments' profiles and nodal points where the struts cross each other are responsible for the fine sublines visible in longitudinal sections of the M band region.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060060204
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    Postembedding ultrastructural immunocytochemistry of neural antigens on tissues previously processed for routine light and electron microscopy: Preservation of antigenicity up to 22 years after initial fixation (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 5 (1987), S. 81-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Colloidal gold ; Glial fibrillary acidic protein ; Neuron-specific enolase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A postembedding immunocytochemical technique is described that allows ultrastructural localization of glial fibrillary acidic protein and neuron-specific enolase on tissues originally processed only for routine light and electron microscopy. Use of the oxidizing agent sodium metaperiodate prior to incubation with the primary antiserum sufficiently removes osmium tetroxide (OsO4) from potential antigen - antibody combining sites to allow specific localization of these neural antigens by colloidal gold immunolabelling. Both human and monkey neural tissues, prepared for routine ultrastructural examination with aldehyde fixatives and OsO4 postfixation, show excellent ultrastructural morphology and antigen localization. In addition, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded pathological human brain tissues, obtained at autopsy up to 22 years previously, show good ultrastructural immunolocalization of glial fibrillary acidic protein when re-embedded for electron microscopy. Thus, ultrastructural immunolocalization of certain neural antigens is easily achieved in tissues originally processed for routine light and electron microscopy. This allows re-examination of archival tissues using current immunocy-tochemical advances, including that of selected pathological tissues previously prepared solely for light microscopy.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060050109
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    Procedural guide to specimen handling for the ultrastructural pathology service laboratory (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 6 (1987), S. 255-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Fixation ; Processing ; Electron microscopy ; Human biopsies ; Diagnosis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Transmission electron microscopy serves a useful and often diagnostic purpose in the analysis of human disease. The emerging discipline of ultrastructural pathology serves a much wider field than that of kidney pathology and, of necessity, requires two essential elements. These are (1) the interpretive knowledge which covers all cells in all tissues which compose all organs, their normal substructural composition, and the ultrastructural expression of all of the basic mechanisms of the pathobiology of human disease, and (2) technically excellent preparations of these varied specimens.In this review, we emphasize the technical aspects necessary for the preparation of these specimens. These include the handling of varied specimens from the time of interruption of blood flow to the sample until fixation, fixation methodology, and routine processing methods for electron microscopy. Specialized techniques that are readily accomplished in an ultrastructural pathology service laboratory are also described. These include methods for the demonstration of glycogen, peroxidase(s), the glycocalyx. We also describe the preparation of permanent, alkaline Giemsa-stained 1-μm plastic sections for light microscopic diagnosis, the use of an agar-pelleting technique to change cell suspensions into readily handled blocks, and the use of Spurr's (J. Ultrastruct. Res. 26:31, 1969) low viscosity embedding for all skin and heavily collagenized specimens.The diagnostic report for individual samples can routinely be available within 24 hours of specimen arrival in the ultrastructural pathology laboratory with the methods we review here. Examples of these varied samples of human tissues and cells and methods for preparing them are illustrated. We have found such methods useful for diagnostic purposes, e.g., to identify the site of origin of a brain metastasis as the alveolar cell (type II pneumocyte) of the lung, based on the presence of typical lamellar (surfactant) bodies in the metastatic tumor cells (Dvorak and Monahan-Earley: Norelco Reporter 32:29-36, 1985c), as well as to describe for the first time a new tumor, such as the gut autonomic nerve (GAN) tumor (Walker and Dvorak: Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 110:309-316, 1986) or a cell injury process, axonal necrosis, to be characteristic of Crohn's disease (Dvorak et al.: Hum. Pathol. 11:620-634, 1980d; Dvorak and Silen: Ann. Surg. 201:53-63, 1985).
    Additional Material: 49 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060060302
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  • 64
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    Quasicrystals and noncrystallographic symmetry (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 7 (1987), S. 277-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Electron diffraction ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: New findings on quasicrystals with icosahedral, octagonal, decagonal, and dodecagonal symmetries obtained recently in the Beijing Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, are presented. Special emphasis is put on the relation between quasicrystalline and crystalline structures. The important role played by electron diffraction and high-resolution electron microscopy in revealing these quasiperiodic structures is pointed out.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060070406
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    A computer program for morphometry of circular and elliptical profiles on the microscope (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 7 (1987), S. 191-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Morphometry ; Computer program ; Electron microscopy ; Stereology ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: We describe a short computer program, which is written in Pascal language, to measure the diameter of circular and elliptical profiles in sections. Coordinate pairs on the microscope stage, corresponding to two or three points of a profile, are input to obtain its diameter. The program enables one to take measurements directly on the microscope, thereby reducing photographic work and caliper measurement. While the program is largely designed for electron microscopy, it also may be useful for light microscopy morphometry.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060070307
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    Some nanostructural features in ceramics (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 7 (1987), S. 301-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Nanostructure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Nanostructural features in some ceramics have been discussed and reviewed. Based on our research results and recent published investigations, many topics, such as grain, grain boundary, interface film, grain boundary engineering, microcrack, microdomain, nanodomain, domain boundary, and phase transformation, etc., have been dealt with; and many materials, such as Si3N4, β″-Al2O3, MgO, SiC, (Hg, Cd) Te, BNN, ZrO2, PLZT, CdSe, Ca10(PO4)6, (OH)2, etc., have been involved. The results are important to understand the relation between the structure and property of materials and to improve the materials' technology.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060070409
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    Electron microscopy of Nephropathia epidemica (1978)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 377 (1978), S. 129-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Nephropathia epidemica ; Hemorrhagic fever ; Glomerular changes ; Immune complex disease ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopical changes in the glomeruli in 20 kidney biopsies from 18 patients, who were suffering from or had lately suffered from Nephropathia epidemica were studied. Various kinds of deposits were seen. Under the endothelial cells there were collections of light flocculent material. Small dark deposits were seen in the mesangium at the mesangial cell processes, inside the thickened basement membrane, and occasionally on the epithelial side of the membrane. Large deposits were seen around mesangial cells in the mesangium. Deposits were less numerous than in chronic immune complex diseases. The intramembranous or subepithelial deposits were associated with “moon craters”, membranous convoluted structures or membrane debris. Granular extracellular mesangial material, round extracellular particles and intraendothelial microtubular inclusions were occasionally seen. In two of our cases occasional capsular epithelial cells showed numerous myelin bodies. Typical viruses were not seen in the glomeruli. The findings are in accord with the short period of scanty immune complex deposition in the glomeruli in the clinically active phase of Nephropathia epidemica.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427001
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    Extracellular growth hormone deposits in pituitary adenoma (1978)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 378 (1978), S. 55-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Pituitary adenoma ; Acromegaly ; Hormone secretion ; Electron microscopy ; Immunologic techniques
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural examination of 184 pituitary adenomas demonstrated the presence of extracellular accumulations of electron dense material in 3 out of 64 cases with acromegaly. Fibrillary structures were seen in larger deposits of such material. This material was only observed in biopsies fixed directly with osmium tetroxide; initial fixation with glutaraldehyde did not retain the material and left empty spaces. Positive immuno-histochemical reaction with specific antibodies demonstrated that the extracellular material contained growth hormone (GH). The presence of this extracellular material could not be related to the age or sex of the patient nor to the duration of symptoms, size of the tumor, presence of diabetes mellitus, or concomitant secretion of prolactin. The pericapillary fibrous sheath was heavily thickened in the patient with the longest duration of symptoms, intermediate in thickness in the second and normal in the third.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427186
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  • 69
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    Neurofibrom und Perineuralzelle (1978)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 379 (1978), S. 73-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Neurofibrome ; Tactile-like corpuscles ; Perineurial cell ; Neuroectodermal origin ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In neurofibromas type I (plexiform) and type II (diffuse) the Schwann cell is the predominant cell in the neoplastic proliferation. Electron microscopic investigation of a neurofibroma with structures resembling tactile corpuscles (type III) revealed neoplastic proliferation of perineurial instead of Schwann cells. The tactile-like (pseudo-Meissnerian) corpuscles (corpuscules neurofibromateux) are formed by neoplastic perineurial cells. These cells have a tendency to wrap themselves around longitudinal structures, such as collagen fibres or axons, and to come into direct contact with the latter. This close relationship between the axon and the neoplastic perineurial cell, analogous to that between axon and Schwann cell, points to a neuroectodermal origin of the perineurial cell. The electron microscopic appearances suggest that either the Schwann cell or the perineurial cell is the essential neoplastic component of neurofibromas, the fibroblastic proliferation being a secondary phenomenon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432782
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    Cerebral neuroblastoma (1978)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 381 (1978), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Central neuroblastoma ; Electron microscopy ; Growth cone ; Primitive neural crest ; Neuronal cytogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A cerebral neuroblastoma removed surgically from a female child is presented. Electron microscopy showed numerous neuronal processes with growth cones which are a feature of the developing neurone. In addition there were some rosettes with distinct lumina. The luminal surfaces were covered with a smooth plasma membrane lacking any surface differentiation and the lateral surface of these cells had many cell junctions (terminal bars), reminiscent of a primitive neural tube. These features in a nerve cell tumor help to substantiate it as a neuroblastoma arising from immature rather than differentiated cells. The nature of this rare tumor is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00433481
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  • 71
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    Elektronenmikroskopische Befunde an inneren Organen bei Morbus Fabry (1978)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 378 (1978), S. 75-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Morbus Fabry ; Electron microscopy ; Freeze-fracturing ; Heterozygotic women ; Homozygotic men
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden elektronenmikroskopische Beobachtungen zur Lokalisation und zur Feinstruktur der Glykolipideinschlüsse in verschiedenen inneren Organen bei Morbus Fabry berichtet. Die intrazellulÄren und extrazellulÄren Einschlüsse bestehen aus vielschichtig lamellÄren Membransystemen in konzentrischer und exzentrischer sowie in stapeiförmiger paralleler Anordnung. Diese lamellÄre Anordnung ist charakteristisch für flüssigkristalline Phasen von Phospholipid-Wasser-Systemen. Erstmalig werden ultrastrukturelle Befunde an den inneren Organen einer erkrankten Frau mitgeteilt. Demzufolge lassen sich bei heterozygoten Frauen gleiche Glykolipidablagerungen wie bei homozygoten MÄnnern nachweisen. Die Beziehung der Glykolipideinschlüsse zu den Lysosomen wird erörtert.
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopic findings are reported on the localization and fine structure of glycolipid inclusions in different organs (heart, kidney, lymph nodes, arterial blood vessels, pancreas) in Fabry's disease in a female. The intracellular and extracellular inclusions were made up of multilamellar membraneous systems in concentric, excentric, and parallel arrangement. This fine structure is characteristic of liquid-crystalline phases of phospholipid-water systems. The same type of inclusions are found in the internal organs of heterozygotic women as in homozygotic men. The relationship between the glycolipid inclusions and the lysosomes is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427188
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    Endocrine cells of the colon in Hirschsprung's and control children (1978)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 377 (1978), S. 287-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Megacolon ; Large intestine ; Endocrine cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The large intestine resected from 6 Hirschsprung's patients and surgical colonic biopsies from 6 control children were examined with light and electron microscopy. The presence and the relative distribution of various endocrine cell types in both groups of mucosa were determined. In light microscope studies endocrine cell data were expressed as number of cells per unit area of mucosa using a quantitative method after argentaffin and Grimelius's argyrophilic techniques and an immunoperoxidase reaction with glucagon and somatostatin (SRIF) antisera. The results indicate that endocrine cells are apparently not involved in Hirschsprung's disease, since their number and frequency did not differ significantly between the ganglionic and aganglionic segments of Hirschsprung's patients nor between the latter and control children. Glucagon immunoreactive cells were, on the average, 5–6 times and 7–9 times more numerous that SRIF cells in the rectum and the sigmoid, respectively. Ultrastructurally, five endocrine cell types could be distinguished. The fifth type, probably a transition type, apparently disappears in adults.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00507130
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    L'hépatocyte dans l'hépatite aiguË alcoolique (1978)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 380 (1978), S. 31-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Human liver ; Acute alcoholic hepatitis ; Histoenzymology ; Electron microscopy ; Alcoholic cirrhosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The interpretation of the morphological features of alcoholic hepatitis is discussed in terms of a comparison with the results of an ultrastructural and histoenzymological study of the liver biopsies of nine patients. In these patients liver biopsies were performed in the initial stage of the illness and fifteen days after five were re-biopsied, when the clinical and biological signs were improved. The correlations between morphological and biological data were good, especially for the levels of serological and histoenzymological alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase evaluations. However, when histological appearances had returned to normal, after two weeks of abstinence from alcohol several histological and ultrastructural features of the initial hepatitis persisted. The presence of evolving cirrhosis was a contributing factor to the severity of the changes seen. Morphologically, apart from the changes due to chronic alcoholic intoxication (steatosis, mitochondrial alteration), the hepatitic lesions comprise Mallory's bodies, cytoplasmic oedema and mitochondrial swelling. Cholestasis was invariably present. Histo-enzymologically there was a reduction in ATPase activity suggesting a metabolic failure in the energy producing pathways. In addition, in the periphery of lobules an active cirrhotic process was present, with tubular de-differentiation of hepatocytes and an increase in gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase on the cytoplasmic membrane. Because of the absence of any topographical relationship between hepatitis and cirrhosis, the presence of lymphocytes in the neighbourhood of the ductules suggested an indirect relationship between both processes, perhaps an autoimmune response initiated by Mallory's bodies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432891
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  • 74
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    Electronic Resource
    Psammoma bodies in meningioma (1978)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 380 (1978), S. 317-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Meningioma ; Psammoma bodies ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Psammoma bodies from eight meningiomas have been examined by both light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The bodies are primarily composed of calcium apatite which is deposited within a nidus of tightly laminated collagen fibers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431316
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    Formation of an atypical collagen and cartilage pattern in limb bud cultures by highly sulfated GAG (1978)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 380 (1978), S. 11-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Limb bud cultures (mouse) ; Electron microscopy ; Effect of highly sulfated GAG (SP54® and Arteparon®) ; Collagen structure ; Cartilage pattern
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Addition of 1 mg/ml or higher doses of the highly sulfated pentosanpolysulfoester SP54® or the mucopolysaccharidepolysulfoester Arteparon® to limb bud cultures from 11-day-old mouse embryos caused a marked reduction in the growth of the distal parts of the cartilage anlagen. The most striking effect, however, was the change in the collagen structure of the cartilaginous intercellular substance. After more than 0.05 mg/ml SP54® or Arteparon® no collagen filaments were seen but collagen aggregates with an altered cross-striation occurred. They were produced by an antiparallel arrangement of collagen molecules caused by the highly sulfated substances. By immunofluorescence microscopy it was shown that SP54® and Arteparon® did not influence the distribution of the collagen types but only affected the aggregation of collagen type II. From the morphological point of view the production of endogenous PG seemed to be uneffected by SP54® and Arteparon®. The effect of SP54® and Arteparon® was reversible. After removal of these substances characteristic collagen filaments re-formed. The collagen aggregates were decomposed extracellularly or phagocytosed by chondroblasts and decomposed intracellularly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432890
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    Morphological investigations on axonal swellings and spheroids in various human diseases (1978)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 378 (1978), S. 181-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Axonal swelling ; Spheroid ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Axonal swellings and spheroids in various human diseases were studied by light and electron microscopy. 4 cases of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, 2 of degenerative diseases, 2 brain tumors and 3 of cerebrovascular disease were examined. Ultrastructurally most spheroids in infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy consisted of interconnected tubules, stacked membranotubular profiles, alternating layered membranes and accumulations of neurofilaments. Combinations of these four constituents were seen only in infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy. “Torpedos” (fusiform swelling of the axon of a Purkinje cell) consisted exclusively of neurofilaments. Spheroids in case 6 (mental retardation) and 7 (atypical teratoma) consisted of interwoven skeins of neurofilaments and grouped mitochondria. Spheroids in case 8 (demyelination) and 9 (cerebrovascular disease) consisted of packed complex bodies and mitochondria. Spheroids in cases 10 and 11 (cerebrovascular disease) consisted of degenerating organelles only. The morphological differences between cases 9, 10 and 11 probably depends on the severity and timing of the cerebral injury. Most spheroids show similar histological and histochemical properties, but ultrastructural study may give some clue to the origin of the bodies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427359
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    Correlation of electron microscopic and secretory response of human parathyroid adenomas with different calcium concentrations in organ culture (1978)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 378 (1978), S. 229-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Human parathyroid adenomas ; Electron microscopy ; Parathyroid hormone release ; PTH radioimmunoassay ; Pathophysiology of primary hyperparathyroidism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twelve parathyroid chief cell adenomas from patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were incubated in a tissue culture system in the presence of different calcium concentrations and for various time periods. The endocrine response of the tissue was examined electron microscopically and radioimmunologically. After incubation in a medium of low calcium concentration the parathyroid adenomas showed ultrastructural signs of stimulation with proliferation of the hormone-synthesizing organelles. The development of the ultrastructural response could first be observed after four hours and increased up to several days. Radioimmunologically, an increase of the hormone secretion could be demonstrated. Converse results were obtained after incubation of the tumor tissue under suppressive culture conditions. To check for de-novo synthesis of the hormone released the tissue was incubated in a 75Se-methionine-containing medium. This resulted in radioactivity of the secreted parathyroid hormone, indicating de novo synthesis in our culture system. The biological potency of the released hormone was demonstrated by comparison of the PTH out of the medium with the international human MRC standard using two different radioassays.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427362
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  • 78
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    Hyaline cartilage changes in diastrophic dwarfism (1978)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 378 (1978), S. 347-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Hyaline cartilage ; Proteoglycans ; Glycogen ; Matrix degeneration ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hyaline cartilage of the talus of a diastrophic dwarf was studied by light and transmission electron microscopy before and after proteoglycan extraction or digestion, glycogen digestion, and enzyme marking. The nuclei of the chondrocytes were as a rule large and round and the cytoplasm contained large vacuoles. Best's carmine stained the cytoplasm of most cells red; after diastase digestion the cytoplasm remained unstained. This suggested that the cells contained glycogen. This observation was complimented by the ultrastructural demonstration of large amounts of glycogen. Cell scars were frequent. The shape and state of activity of the cells as well as the development of intracytoplasmic organelles showed great variability. The matrix showed many areas of degeneration and a general dearth of sulphated acid mucopolysaccharides. A lacey pattern of unmasked collagen fibers was frequently seen. Collagen fibers showed a great variability in diameter and often appeared frayed when examined by electron microscopy. These observations suggest an enzymatic deficiency in chondrocyte mucopolysaccharide and glucose metabolism. The techniques we used when added to biochemical studies should prove useful in the investigation of human dwarfism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00465601
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  • 79
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    Ultrastructure of gastric leiomyosarcoma (1978)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 379 (1978), S. 25-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Microfilaments ; Microtubules ; Nuclear pockets ; Smooth muscle tumours
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Samples of gastric leiomyosarcomas from two male patients (69 years and 57 years of age) were studied by electron microscopy. The tumour cells contained abundant 50–90 å thick microfilaments and microtubules. Another cell type, regarded as immature leiomyosarcoma cell, contained numerous profiles of granular endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes and a well developed Golgi apparatus. There were intercellular junctions of zonula adherens-type between adjacent tumour cells. It was concluded that electron microscopy offers a valuable aid in the diagnosis of gastric neoplasms of smooth muscle origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432780
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  • 80
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    Electronic Resource
    CarcinoÏde oncocytaire bronchique (1978)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 379 (1978), S. 85-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Bronchial carcinoid ; Oncocytoma ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We describe a bronchial tumor with a biphasic pattern. The main cellular population is composed of large cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm packed with mitochondria. These oncocytes countain few dense-core membrane limited granules. The secondary cell population has the morphological and histochemical features that characterize the typical bronchial carcinoid. A third cell type, recognizable at ultrastructural level, contains numerous neurosecretory granules and abundant large mitochondria, seeming therefore to represent a transitional cell form. We assume that oncocytes and carcinoid cells, found in the same tumor with intermediate forms, represent the extremes of a morphological spectrum. Furthermore, the oncocytic cytoplasmic components (neurosecretory granules and the mitochondria) are present in reciprocal arrangement in the carcinoid cells. These observations, together with similar reported cases suggest that the oncocytic state corresponds to a functional stage. We consider that oncocytes from this endobronchial tumor and from similar pathologic conditions reported in the literature correspond to carcinoid cells with mitochondrial hyperplasia and with diminished endocrine activity. This oncocytic carcinoid tumor is associated, in the same pulmonary lobe, with a second neoplasm that has the histological and ultrastructural features of a poorly differentiated carcinoid (oat-cell carcinoma).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432783
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  • 81
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    Feinstrukturell-morphometrische Befunde an der Kammerwand des nicht belasteten menschlichen linken Ventrikels junger und alter Patienten (1978)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 380 (1978), S. 123-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Human myocardium ; Left ventricle ; Electron microscopy ; Morphometry ; Aging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Licht- und elektronenmikroskopisch wurde mit einem manuell-optischen Bildanalysesystem eine morphometrische Analyse am Herzmuskel durchgeführt. Das Untersuchungsgut stammte aus nicht belasteten menschlichen linken Ventrikeln, welches bei herzchirurgischen Eingriffen gewonnen wurde. Bei den Patienten lag entweder ein Foramen ovale persistens, ein Vorhofseptumdefekt (ASD) I.–II. Grades oder eine reine Mitralstenose III.–IV. Grades vor. Die linken Kammerdruckmittelwerte lagen im Normbereich. Das Patientengut konnte in eine junge Patientengruppe von 5–15 Jahren und in eine alte Patientengruppe von 42–78 Jahren unterteilt werden. Lichtmikroskopisch wurde ermittelt, da\ sich der Anteil des Interstitium am Herzmuskelgewebe mit dem Alter nicht verÄndert. Die Anzahldichte der Herzmuskelzellkerne nimmt im Alter ab (P〈0,001), was auf eine Verringerung der Anzahldichte der Herzmuskelzellen pro Testvolumen und eine Vergrö\erung der einzelnen Herzmuskelzelle schlie\en lÄ\t. Elektronenmikroskopisch konnte eine Vermehrung der Volumendichte der Myofibrillen (P〈0,02) mit zunehmendem Alter nachgewiesen werden, wÄhrend die Volumendichte der Mitochondrien konstant bleibt und die Volumendichte des restlichen Cytoplasmas sogar abnimmt (P〈0,05). Die Anzahl der Mitochondrien erhöht sich im Alter (P〈0,001), so da\ bei den einzelnen Mitochondrien mit zunehmendem Alter eine Verkleinerung eintritt.
    Notes: Summary An ultrastructural and morphometric analysis was performed on human myocardial left ventricle, obtained during surgical heart operations on normally loaded ventricles. The diagnoses of the patients were a) Persistant foramen ovale b) Atrial septal defect stage (I.–II.) c) Mitral stenosis (stage III.–IV.). The median values of left ventricular pressure were not pathologically elevated. The patients were divided in 2 groups, the younger one ranging from 5–15 years, the older from 42–78 years. It was shown that the volume density of the interstitial tissue does not differ with the aging process. The number of the nuclei per test area of the heart muscle cells decreased within age (P〈0.001). This finding suggests a decreasing process in the number of the heart muscle cells and an increase in size of the individual myocardial cell. Increase in the volume density of myofibrils was demonstrated at electron microscopical level with aging (P〈0.02). The volume density of mitochondria is the same in both groups, whereas the volume density of the remaining cytoplasm (without myofibrils and mitochondria) decreases (P〈0.05). The numerical density of the mitochondria increased in the older patient group (P〈0.001).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430619
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  • 82
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    Feinstrukturell-morphometrische Befunde an der Kammerwand hypertrophierter menschlicher linker Ventrikel (1978)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 380 (1978), S. 135-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Human myocardium ; Left ventricle ; Hypertrophy ; Electron microscopy ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An den KammerwÄnden menschlicher linker Ventrikel, die auf Grund einer Aortenstenose, einer Aorteninsuffizienz oder eines kombinierten Aortenvitium hypertrophiert waren, wurden licht- und elektronenmikroskopisch morphometrische Untersuchungen angestellt. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit denen, die an nicht belasteten menschlichen linken Ventrikeln gewonnen wurden, verglichen. Lichtmikroskopisch unterscheiden sich die Anteile der Volumendichten des Interstitium und der Herzmuskelzellen am gesamten Herzmuskelgewebe nicht statistisch signifikant. Es konnte morphometrisch eine Zellvergrö\erung festgestellt werden, die aus der signifikanten Verringerung der Volumendichte der Zellkerne (P〈0,001) und der Anzahl der Zellkerne pro TestflÄche (P〈0,0001) gegenüber den beiden Normalkollektiven resultiert. Elektronenmikroskopisch ist eine Zunahme der Volumendichten der Myofibrillen (P〈0,0001) auf Kosten des restlichen Cytoplasmas (P〈0,001) festzustellen, wÄhrend die Volumendichte der Mitochondrien im Vergleich mit den jungen und alten Patienten abnahm (P〈0,0001). Die OberflÄchendichte der Mitochondrien verringerte sich gegenüber den beiden Vergleichskollektiven (P〈0,001) ebenso wie die der Cristae mitochondriales (P〈0,0001). Diese Ergebnisse finden ihr morphologisches Korrelat in Mitochondriendestruktionen. Eine vermehrte Myolyse hat bei den hypertrophierten Herzen, die alle gewichtsmÄ\ig über dem kritischen Herzgewicht lagen, noch nicht eingesetzt. Bei allen Patienten wurde der herzchirurgische Eingriff mit Erfolg durchgeführt.
    Notes: Summary Biopsies of hypertrophied human myocardial left ventricles were investigated morphometrically. The diagnoses of the patients were stenosis of the aortic valve, aortic insufficiency or a combination of both lesions. The results were compared with those from normally loaded human left ventricles. There are no differences on light microscopical level between the volume densities of interstitial tissue and of heart muscle cells in the three groups of patients. A significant diminution of the volume density of the nuclei (P〈0.001) and the number of nuclei per test area (P〈0.0001) when compared with normal groups suggests an increase in volume of the single heart muscle cell. The ultrastructural study shows marked increase in volume density of myofibrils (P〈0.0001), with accompanying decrease in the volume densities of mitochondria (P〈0.0001) and the remaining cytoplasm (P〈0.001). A gross decrease in the surface area of mitochondria (P〈0.001) and of cristae mitochondriales (P〈0.0001) is found. The morphological equivalents of this result are numerous stages of mitochondrial destruction including cristolysis. All myocardial weights were beyond the “critical heart weight”.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430620
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  • 83
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    Comparison of metrizamide and iodophendylate for cerebral ventriculography (1978)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 15 (1978), S. 79-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Cerebral ventriculography ; Iodophendylate and metrizamide ; Electron microscopy ; Ependyma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cerebral ventriculography was performed on adult albino rats to compare the effect of metrizamide and iodophendylate on the ependymal wall. The animals were killed by vascular perfusion 1 month and 4 months after ventriculography. The ependymal layer and the underlying brain tissue were examined with the electron microscope. After the use of metrizamide the tissue appeared completely normal. The use of iodophendylate provoked accumulation of phagocytozing macrophages on the ependymal wall and storage of iodophendylate in the ependyma and underlying brain tissue. These changes were present both 1 and 4 months after ventriculography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334119
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  • 84
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    The fine structure of decalcified cartilage and bone: A comparison between decalcification procedures performed before and after embedding (1978)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 25 (1978), S. 179-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Decalcification ; Electron microscopy ; Calcified matrices
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of calcifying cartilage and bone has been examined under the electron microscope after using three different methods of decalcification. The first was carried out before embedding (by soaking specimens in EDTA or formic acid), the second after embedding (by floating ultrathin sections on formic acid), and the third after embedding (by soaking embedded specimens in EDTA or formic acid), and with later re-embedding. The first procedure invariably induces drastic changes in the fine structure of the cells and calcified matrix, probably as a results of the extraction of organic material along with extraction of mineral. The second and third procedures make it possible to preserve ultrastructural details perfectly in both cells and calcified matrix. Of the two, the third procedure is preferable because of its greater simplicity. In areas that are still calcifying, these post-embedding decalcification techniques reveal the presence of crystal-associated, filamentous organic structures which are not recognizable in specimens decalcified before embedding. These structures, which could have a key role in inducing and regulating crystal formation and growth, are less evident in fully calcified areas (but not at their borders). This may partly be due to the loss of glycan components in the matrix during calcification. The most important determinant, however, seems to be the fact that during calcification the components of the matrix, including collagen fibrils, are involved in an aggregation process which reduces the amounts of free chemical groups available for reaction with the stain solution. Because post-embedding decalcification does not disturb this state of aggregation, the stainability of the matrix and the electron microscopic evidence of its components remain very low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02010766
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  • 85
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    Electronic Resource
    Cellular calcium distribution in fetal bones studied with K-pyroantimonate (1978)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 26 (1978), S. 181-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Cellular calcium ; Electron microscopy ; Osteoblasts ; Chondrocytes ; Mineralization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The calcium distribution in cartilage and bone cells during beginning ossification of fetal mouse long bones was studied after fixation with 2% K-pyroantimonate in 1% osmium. In the developing periosteum, the future osteoblasts showed a sparse cation-antimonate precipitate over the cytoplasm. In young osteoblasts the precipitate was accumulated on the mitochondrial membranes and the plasmalemma. Both organelles were sharply outlined by precipitate in the mature osteoblasts at the onset of mineralization. X-Ray microprobe analysis of these organelles demonstrated the presence of both Sb and Ca. In the extracellular compartment, a collagen-associated precipitate with 50 to 60 nm periodicity appeared during osteoblastic differentiation. During the initial phase of matrix mineralization, a random gross precipitate appeared in the matrix and seemed to be accumulated by osmiophilic matrix vesicles while the collagen fibrils lost their precipitate. Subsequently, during the confluent phase of matrix mineralization, the precipitate rapidly disappeared from the cells, leaving them devoid of precipitate once they were surrounded by mineralized matrix. Similar changes were found in the chondrocytes of the growth plate, but cartilage collagen, unlike osteoid collagen, did not bind precipitate. The results indicate that both osteoblasts and calcifying cartilage cells bind calcium prior to matrix mineralization. Bone collagen has strong pyroantimonate binding capacity, but it is not directly involved with initial stages of matrix mineralization, which starts in close association with matrix vesicles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02013254
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  • 86
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    Electronic Resource
    Prevention of CeCl3-induced hepatotoxicity by hypolipidemic compounds (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 41 (1978), S. 223-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: CeCl3-hepatotoxicity ; Hypolipidemic compounds ; Peroxisomes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pretreatment of rats with nafenopin, a hypolipidemic compound, prevents the lethality and hepatotoxicity induced by cerium chloride (CeCl3), a rare earth metal. The increase in hepatic triglycerides and the morphologic changes observed after 48 h of the CeCl3 injection (10 mg/kg) are completely abolished by nafenopin given for 4 days in doses of 250 mg/kg. However, an increase in the frequency of peroxisomes is noted in rats receiving nafenopin and CeCl3, attributable to the hypolipidemic drug pretreatment. In comparing the protective effect of nafenopin with that of CPIB (a structurally related compound) and lentysine (a structurally unrelated agent), it can be seen that nafenopin is about five times more active in decreasing liver triglycerides. The hepatic ultrastructure of rats pretreated with CPIB or lentysine is similar to that of CeCl3-treated controls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00354094
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  • 87
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    The endocrine control of embryonic lung maturation in the chicken (1978)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 152 (1978), S. 235-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Chick embryo ; Lung maturation ; Influence of pituitary ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to discover whether the embryonic chick hypophysis acts upon lung maturation directly or via its corticotrophic activity, immature lung primordia were grafted into young hosts, either alone or associated with functional adrenals or pituitaries. When lung primordia were grafted alone, type II pneumocytes did not differentiate. Their differentiation was restored when lung primordia were grafted in association with either adrenals or pituitaries. This last result, which was also obtained in vitro, shows that the hypophysis is able, by itself, to promote the maturation of respiratory epithelium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00350522
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  • 88
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    Quail Rathke's pouch differentiation (1978)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 153 (1978), S. 23-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Quail embryo ; Rathke's pouch
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Adenohypophyseal region of quail embryo has been examined by electron microscopy from stage 12 to stage 21 of Zacchei (1961). The Seessel's pouch develops prior to the early stages of adenohypophysis formation, then regresses while Rathke's pouch proliferates and differentiates. From Rathke's pouch formation by stage 12 (48 h of incubation) until appearance of the first secretory granules by stage 21 (6 days of incubation), there are no major ultrastructural modifications in adenohypophyseal cells. Mitochondria, Golgi vesicles, polysomic ribosomes, pinocytotic vesicles, and mitotic figures become more numerous while nucleocytoplasmic ratio and the number of ribosomes and lipid droplets decreases. The major change is the appearance of secretory granules by day 6 of incubation. This phenomenon occurs at the same time as in chick embryo, despite an incubation period shorter for quail than for chick. Mitotic figures are mainly distributed near the pouch lumen, while secretory granules are first located in the peripheral cells of the cephalic part ofpars distalis primordium. The hypothetical role of mesenchyme and vascularization is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00569847
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  • 89
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    An ultrastructural study of localized lymphangioma circumscriptum (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 262 (1978), S. 301-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Lymphatic vessel(s)-lv ; Localized lymphangioma circumscriptum-Lc ; Electron microscopy ; Lymphgefäße ; lokalisiertes Lymphangiom ; Elektronenmikroskopie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Lymphgefäße (lv) in einem lokalisiertem Lymphagiom (Lc) wurde elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Dieses Lymphangiom, das kein Hämangiom begleitete, wies klinisch ein typisches Bild auf, und zeigte histologisch keine entzündlichen Zeichen. Die Lymphgefäße in dieser Veränderung wurden morphologisch in zwei Typen eingeteilt. Die Lymphgefäße des ersteren Typs, die im oberen Corium lagen, zeigten wie bei der experimentell induzierten Lymph-Stauung, ähnliche Bilder während diejenigen im tieferen Corium, Ähnlichkeiten zu den des normalen Lymphgefäßes erkennen lassen. Aufgrund der in dieser Untersuchung erlangten Befunde und unter Berücksichtigung der Literaturen ließ sich ableiten, daß dieses lokalisierte Lymphagiom nicht als ein echter gutartiger Tumor betrachtet wurde, sondern durch eine dauernde Lymph-Stauung in einem tumorartigen Zustand gehalten wurde.
    Notes: Summary An electron microscopic study was performed on the lymphatic vessel (lv) of localized lymphangioma circumscriptum (Lc), which was found clinically typical but histologically not associated with hemangioma and inflammation. The lv of Lc was morphologically divided into two types. The first type was situated at the upper dermis of the lesion and the other, at the deep dermis. The former had certain similarities to lv of experimentally induced lymph-stasis, whereas the latter was morphologically similar to lv of the normal skin. From the findings of the present study and those reported in literature, Lc could not be considered as a mere benign overgrowth of lv, but as one of pathological results induced by a long-standing lymph-stasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00447366
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  • 90
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    Electronic Resource
    Heterogeneous keratohyalin formation in warts (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 262 (1978), S. 83-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Keratohyalin ; Keratinization ; Wart ; Papilloma ; Rat tongue ; Electron microscopy ; Osmium tetroxide ; Hydrogen peroxide ; Pepsin ; Keratohyalin ; Keratinisation ; Warzen ; Papillom ; Rattenzunge ; Elektronenmikroskopie ; Osmiumtetroxid ; Hydrogenperoxid ; Pepsin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Heterogenität von Keratohyalin wurde in der Rattenzunge und in menschlichen Warzen dargestellt. Beide zeigen morphologische Ähnlichkeiten, wie dichte homogene ovoide einzelne Granula und zusammengesetzte Granula, die offenbar aus einzelnen Granula sich ableiten und von einer Membran überzogen sind. Die Ultrastruktur dieser Keratohyalinkörper wurde durch Fixierung mit Osmiumsäure nach Oxydation mit H2O2 und nach Pepsinbehandlung verglichen. Die einzelnen Granula sind osmiophil, während die zusammengesetzte Granula diese Eigenschaft nicht zeigen. Bei menschlichen Warzen zeigte sich eine fehlende Oxydierung durch H2O2 der einzelnen Granula, während die zusammengesetzten Granula oxydationsempfindlich sind. In der Zunge von neugeborenen Ratten zeigten sich die umgekehrten Verhältnisse. Diese Unterschiede zeigen, daß es unmöglich ist, die Bildung von Keratohyalingranula auf dem gleichen Wege zu erklären, wie die der Keratohyalingranula bei den Ratten, obwohl ultrastrukturelle Ähnlichkeiten bestehen. Es erscheint wichtig darauf hinzuweisen, daß die Keratogenese und die Keratohyalingranulabildung, die bei den Verrucae vulgaris vorliegt, von der Keratohyalinentwicklung in der Rattenzunge sich unterscheidet.
    Notes: Summary The heterogenecity of keratohyalin (KH) has been demonstrated in rats, then in human warts where similar morphological features have been found and among them, dense homogeneous ovoïd single granules (SG) and composite granules (CG) apparently made up of single granules “coated” with a matrix. This work compares the ultrastructure of the KH of the tongue of newborn rats with that of common warts with and without post-fixation by OsO4, after oxydation by H2O2 and after pepsin treatment. The osmiophily of the SG is confirmed as well as the absence of osmiophily of the matrix of the CG. In man, however, the SG are resistant to oxydation by H2O2 and the CG matrix is oxydation sensitive whereas the opposite is observed in the case of rats. These differences show that it is impossible to deduce the composition of the KH in human warts from that of the rat despite their close ultrastructural resemblance but that important modification of the keratogenesis and KH formation are induced in the cells parasited by the virus of common warts.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00455576
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  • 91
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    Abnormal circulating red blood cells in the painful bruising syndrome (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 263 (1978), S. 227-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Erythrocytes ; Painful bruising syndrome ; Freeze-etching ; Electron microscopy ; Rote Blutzellen ; ≫Painful bruising≪-Syndrom ; Gefrierätzung ; Elektronen-Mikroskopie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 3 Patienten mit dem Gardner-Diamond Syndrom oder dem ≫painful bruising≪-Syndrom sind morphologische Abweichungen an roten Blutzellen festgestellt worden. Von diesen roten Zellen, die bei der Ficoll/Isopaque Gradient Zentrifugation nicht sedimentierten, werden teilweise keulenförmige Ausläufer, Mitochondrien, Kernreste und Vacuolen festgestellt. Bei pH 7.4 zeigten 90% der roten Blutzellen in Gefrierätzparaten Ausbuchtungen auf der Membran, während bei pH 6,4 noch 25% der roten Zellen diese Erhebungen zeigten. Im Kontrolpräparaten waren diesen Zahlen 55% und 0% unterschiedlich bei pH 7.4 und 6.4. Die Geldrollenbildung im Blut von Patienten mit dem ≫painful bruising≪-Syndrom war stark erhöht.
    Notes: Summary Red cells of 3 patients with the painful bruising syndrome showed morphological anormalities. In the fraction not sedimenting in Ficoll/Isopaque gradient centrifugation, some of these cells had club-shaped processes, mitochondria, nuclear remnants, and vacuoles. In freeze-etch preparations, 90% of the red cells showed membrane elevations at pH 7.4 and 25% at pH 6.4, while in freeze-etch preparations of controls these values were 55 and 0 respectively. In addition, rouleaux formation was markedly enhanced in the preparations of blood of patients with the painful bruising syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446445
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  • 92
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    Ultrastructural changes of the early visceral yolk sac layer of mouse embryos after maternal injection of trypan blue (1978)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 153 (1978), S. 287-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Mouse embryos ; Visceral yolk sac ; Trypan blue ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural features of the early visceral yolk sac epithelium of normal mouse embryos on day 9 were compared to those whose mothers had received a single subcutaneous injection of 100 mg/kg trypan blue on day 8. The following results were obtained: In normal embryos the visceral yolk sac cells are predominantly characterized by numerous membrane bounded inclusions localized in the supranuclear cytoplasm. In embryos of animals treated with trypan blue, at about 12h after injection large single and only partly membrane bounded vacuoles are observed occupying most of the apical cytoplasm. Up to 24h after injection large cytoplasmic areas are seen which are in a stage of autodigestion possibly due to leakage of the vacuolar content. These alterations are exclusively limited to the visceral yolk sac epithelium whereas in the cells of the embryonic part, e.g. head process, no changes could be found. The observations are discussed in relation to the mechanism of the teratogenic activity of trypan blue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315931
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  • 93
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    Ultrastructural studies on the formation of myofilaments and myofibrils in the human embryonic and adult hypertrophied heart (1978)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 152 (1978), S. 127-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Myofibrillogenesis ; Human heart ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The myofibrillogenesis in the human embryonic heart is described. The synthesis of thin filaments, which are the first to appear, takes place in close proximity to smooth surfaced SR tubules. Z-band material is closely related to the thin filaments and appears first as irregularly distributed patches in the filamenteous mass. Further cellular differentiation includes an organization of the thin filaments/Z-band material. The synthesis of thick filaments, which follows that of the thin filaments, takes place in ribosome rich areas of the cell. They are rapidly incorporated into the strings of organized thin filaments/Z-band material. The periodic binding sites on both kinds of filaments are believed to play an important role in the precise ordering of the filaments. The formation of myofilaments in the adult hypertrophied human heart is also described. The similarities between this process and that observed in the embryonic heart are striking, and we believe it to be the same process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315921
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  • 94
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    The endocrine control of embryonic lung maturation in the chicken (1978)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 152 (1978), S. 223-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Chick embryo ; Lung maturation ; “in ovo” decapitation ; Lung lipids ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of “in ovo” hypophysectomy on lung maturation of the chick embryo were investigated. Both biochemical and morphological aspects of differentiation were markedly delayed in experimental embryos: the phospholipid content of lungs was lower than in controls at all stages, whereas the water content remained very high. The type II pneumocytes, which normally appear within the epithelium on day 16 of incubation, started to differentiate only between days 18 and 20 of incubation in the decapitated embryos. The differentiation of type I pneumocytes leading to the formation of air capillaries was also slowed down: they did not appear until the end of incubation in decapitated embryos, whereas they normally start to appear on day 19. The presence of an intact hypophysis is thus essential for normal lung maturation in the chicken.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00350521
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxoplasmosis of the central nervous system in the adult. Electron microscopic observations (1978)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 41 (1978), S. 211-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Toxoplasma gondii ; Encephalitis ; Central nervous system ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure and reproductive mechanisms of Toxoplasma gondii are described in a case of toxoplasma encephalitis. Replication was observed in glial cells by an internal budding process: endodyogeny. Distinctive ultrastructural features associated with host cell penetration, and encystation are described. Electron microscopic features previously reported in tissue culture and in experimentally produced infections with T. gondii are confirmed in the human brain tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690438
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peripheral nerve changes in porphyric neuropathy: Findings in a sural nerve biopsy (1978)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 42 (1978), S. 121-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Nerve fiber teasing ; Phase contrast microscopy ; Electron microscopy ; Axonal and myelinic disorder ; Wallerian degeneration ; Secondary segmental demyelination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The changes in a sural nerve biopsy of a patient with porphyric neuropathy were studied by light and electron microscopy. Linear arrays of myelin ovoids constituted the most common abnormality in whole mounts of teased-fiber preparations. Round or irregular formations of variable osmiophilia were the most frequent finding in thick-section preparations examined by phase contrast microscopy. Lamellar whorls represented the most prevalent lesion in thinsections studied under the electron microscope. In addition, along the teased fibers, segmental demyelination was definitely detected, although rarely; in thick sections, the true extent of the nerve fiber loss was fully appreciated; in thin sections, a variety of axon and myelin changes of a distinct character were discovered. The studies demonstrate that in peripheral nerves of porphyric neuropathy, axonand myelin changes generally run together and proceed pari passu in the same segment of nerve fiber. Furthermore, among the pathogenetic mechanisms invoked to account for the neuropathic changes none are favored to the exclusion of others by these studies. Therefore, a primary axonaland myelinic disorder on the basis of a deranged porphyrin metabolism is as good a possibility as any hitherto advanced explanation of the pathogenesis of the neuropathic changes. The secondary lesions of Wallerian degeneration and segmental demylination may simple be grafted upon the primary lesions evoked by the metabolic abnormality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690977
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dysmyelination of the central nervous system in the Chow-Chow dog (1978)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 42 (1978), S. 211-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Canine CNS ; Myelination ; Hypomyelinogenesis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five Chow-Chow dogs from three different litters had generalized body tremors since birth. Histologically a severe myelin deficiency was found in the central nervous system. The peripheral nerves were normally myelinated. Electron microscopically abnormally thin myelin sheaths and completely naked nerve fibers were found. There were many astrocytes in the myelin deficient areas as well as cells with the characteristic features of oligodendrocytes but also containing fibrils. The present cases are compared to other dysmyelinating diseases and possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690359
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative morphogenetic investigations on fine structural changes in the optic tectum of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) during ontogenesis (1978)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 184 (1978), S. 83-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Synaptogenesis ; Electron microscopy ; Visual acuity ; Fish development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The morphogenetic differentiation of synapses of the optic tectum of the rainbow trout was investigated at different stages of development (from hatching to adult) and compared with the improvement in visual discrimination (minimum separable). (1) The main phase of synaptogenesis (increase in number of synapses, length of contact zone and number of vesicles) begins about one week after hatching and continues up to the age of one month, when the larvae start swimming freely. (2) Myelination begins 26 days after hatching and induces the end of the synaptogenesis period. (3) The visual discrimination (minimum separable) of trout larvae improves from 30 degrees of arc on the 10th day after hatching to 1 degree on day 30, then to about 14 to 18 min of arc in the adult. The results are discussed with special reference to previous biochemical investigations on changes in the ganglioside composition of the trout brain during comparable periods of development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00848671
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray diffraction and electron microscope study of osteons during calcification (1978)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 25 (1978), S. 133-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Osteon ; X-Ray diffraction ; Electron microscopy ; Calcification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary To obtain information on the changes in the inorganic bone fraction during calcification, low- and wide-angle X-ray diffraction techniques and electron microscopy have been applied to single osteon samples. The samples were cylindrically shaped and their axes corresponded to the axes of the Haversian canals. The selection was made according to the degree of calcification and the orientation of collagen bundles and inorganic particles. Osteons at both the initial and final stages of calcification were chosen. Arrangements of fiber bundles and inorganic particles in successive lamellae characteristic of three types of osteon were selected, that is, longitudinally structured osteons, transversely structured osteons, and alternately structured osteons. The results indicate that in osteonic lamellar bone there are two types of inorganic particles: (1) granules arranged in linear or needle-shaped entities with maximum width 40–45 Å, which are regularly distributed at the level of the main band of the collagen fibrils where their maximum length reaches the length of the main band itself; that is, about 400 Å; and (2) very long crystallites, with a diameter of 40–45 Å, which grow with their crystallographicc-axis parallel to the collagen fibrils and cover much more than a major collagen period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02010762
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The morphology of bone mineral crystals (1978)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 25 (1978), S. 217-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone mineral ; Electron microscopy ; X-ray diffraction ; Dark field
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopical observations of the size and shape of bone mineral crystallites have not been in complete agreement with X-ray diffraction findings. The two prevalent viewpoints consider bone mineral crystals to be either rod, or plate like in habit. There appears to be agreement that the smallest dimension of the crystals is about 5 nm, but there is discrepancy in the reported c-axial lengths. The method of dark field imaging is used to obtain a quantitative measurement of the c-axial length distribution in rabbit, ox and human bone: mean c-axial lengths 32.6 nm, 36.2 nm and 32.4 nm, respectively, show no significant difference at the 5% level to the mean c-axial length measured by X-ray line broadening. Both bright and dark field images strongly suggest that bone mineral has a plate like form. Reasons for past discrepancies are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02010772
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