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  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984  (553)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1982  (553)
  • Chemical Engineering  (524)
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 237 (1982), S. 1-5 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Lysozyme ; Nasal mucosa ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary By use of the indirect immunoperoxidase method, lysozyme was localized in the serous glands and serous parts of mixed mucous-serous glands of the nasal respiratory area. Histochemically, lysozyme was absent from acini containing acid mucosubstances. These findings are in agreement with localizations of lysozyme in glands at other sites.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Thyroid tumour ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratin ; Thyroglobulin ; Differential diagnosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 56 thyroid gland tumours and non neoplastic alterations were studied for keratin and thyroglobulin staining, using the indirect immunoperoxidase method on serial formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections. Papillary carcinomas showed a strong reaction with anti-keratin serum but a weak reaction with anti-thyroglobulin serum. Follicular adenomas and carcinomas showed virtually no reaction for keratin but a strong reaction for thyroglobulin. Undifferentiated and medullary carcinomas did not react with either antiserum, except for single cells in two undifferentiated carcinomas which reacted with anti-keratin serum. In nodular goiters, hyperplastic follicles showed little or no reaction with anti-keratin serum and strong reaction with anti-thyroglobulin serum. It is suggested that this virtually type-specific staining for keratin or thyroglobulin may be related to different degrees of cellular differentiation and organelle content in the tumour cells.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 394 (1982), S. 221-233 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Human pituitary adenoma ; Light and electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Several adenohypophyseal cell types
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The combined use of several histological procedures (i.e. conventional light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy) among 45 unselected pituitary adenomas demonstrated the existence of 9 tumors (20%) containing several identifiable adenohypophy seal cell types. Thecellular associations were between 2 or 3 identifiable cell types. Mammosomatotrophic tumors were the most frequent but not the only mixed type (somatomammocorticotrophic, somatocorticotrophic tumors were also found). The cellular components varied in size but the cells appeared randomly distributed in the tumors. In all the adenomas there was an unidentified cell component (no reactivity with antisera used) varying from sparse to numerous elements. On adjacent sections the adenomatous cells reacted with a single specific antiserum, but in two cases the immunohistochemistry on contiguous paraffin embedded sections did not confirm this with certainty. These results confirm those of others and a new term is purposed to designate these tumors: heterogeneous pituitary adenomas. According to the nature and the proportions of the cell components the heterogeneous adenomas were subdivided into two groups: a group A which comprised adenomas formed by a major identifiable cellular type associated with one or two other less frequent cell types, and a group B formed by a predominant unidentifiable (no reactivity with immunochemical stainings) cell type associated with one or two other identified cell types. The present morphofunctional classifications of pituitary adenomas should be modified to include homogeneous adenomas with a single cell type and heterogeneous adenomas with several cell types.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 395 (1982), S. 1-9 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Malakoplakia ; Macrophages ; Alpha-1-antitrypsin ; Michaelis ; Gutmann bodies ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Macrophages in malakoplakia contain large amounts of immuno-reactive alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT). The amount of AAT remains unchanged during the morphogenetic stages of the pathological process (early, granulomatous, fibrosing phases), and does not correlate with the number or the presence of Michaelis-Gutmann (M.G.) bodies. Macrophages from other pathological processes, closely resembling malakoplakia cells but without M.G. bodies, did not contain AAT, except for a few macrophages in tuberculosis and xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Whatever the source and the pathogenic role of AAT in malakoplakia, its presence in all macrophages seems to be specific for this disease. Immuno-histochemical staining for AAT is therefore proposed as a useful test for an early and accurate differential diagnosis of malakoplakia.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Bronchial mucosa ; Cell suspension ; Lung carcinomas ; Keratin polypeptides ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of intracellular keratins was investigated in normal bronchial epithelium and in several morphologically distinct forms of respiratory tract carcinomas. This study was performed with two different experimentally produced antisera against normal human stratum corneum keratin and against keratin protein of MW 67000 dalton, using indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase methods on tissue sections and cell suspensions. In normal bronchial epithelium, the basal cells were strongly labelled by both antisera. The ciliated columnar cells appeared devoid of cytokeratins in tissue sections but were strongly labelled with both antisera in cell suspensions. The goblet cells remained negative in every case. In squamous metaplasia of the bronchus, all epithelial cells were unevenly stained with both antisera. Among tumours, only the squamous cell carcinomas were strongly labelled by both antisera. Primary lung adenocarcinoma appeared weakly positive, whereas metastatic lung carcinomas, undifferentiated lung carcinomas, oat cell tumours, carcinoid tumours were negative. The immunocytochemical determination of keratins appears to be of value in the study of normal and abnormal epithelial differentiation, in the diagnosis of poorly differentiated carcinomas and in their distinction from metastatic tumours of the lung.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 397 (1982), S. 1-6 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Papillary syringadenoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunoglobulins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-one papillary syringadenomas were studied using immunohistochemical methods to characterise the immunoglobulin classes associated with the plasma cell infiltrates characteristically seen in these neoplasms. It was found that the majority of the plasma cells produce IgG (65.2%). Plasma cells associated with IgA and IgM production constituted 30.4% and 4.4% respectively of the enumerated cells. These findings confirm the long-presumed inflammatory nature of these infiltrates.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 397 (1982), S. 327-333 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Casein ; Epithelial membrane antigen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antisera raised against human milk fat globule membranes and against the casein fraction of human milk have been compared. Using an immunohistochemical stain of tissue sections it has been shown that many of the antigenic determinants detected by the different antisera are identical. A radioimmunoassay for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) showed that casein preparations are associated with small quantities of EMA. Antisera to casein frequently contained appreciable concentrations of antibodies to EMA and this accounts for the immunohistochemical staining of non-mammary tissues.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Thyroid cancer ; Thyroglobulin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-four differentiated human thyroid carcinomas were investigated light microscopically and immunohistochemically by morphometric methods. The study revealed that thyroglobulin synthesis in follicular and papillary carcinomas is independent of tumor type and histostructural differentiation. The immunohistochemical results suggest that a defect in thyroglobulin synthesis and thyroglobulin secretion in addition to iodine accumulation and organification defects impairs the effectiveness of postoperative radioiodine treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinomas.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Anterior pituitary cells ; Mitosis ; Rat ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mitotic rates of the six types of immunohistochemically identifiable adenohypophysial cells were histometrically calculated in colchicine-pretrated male rats 5, 17, 30 and 70 days old. Sections were stained with the antisera against rLH, rFSH, rTSH, oGH, rPRL and pACTH1–39. The mitotic growth rate of the anterior pituitary gland at 30 days of age was much higher than at other times. Mitotic growth rates of GH and PRL cells increased with advancing age, while those of ACTH-, TSH- and immunonegative cells decreased with advancing age. LH/FSH cells showed no variation in mitotic growth rate with age. Mitotic cells can be classified into six cell types based on their fine structural properties: (1) agranular cells associated with the folliculo-stellate cells; (2) ambiguous cells with scanty minute secretory granules (50–150 nm in diameter); (3) basophils with a number of small secretory granules (130–200 nm); (4) immature acidophils whose large secretory granules (130–300 nm) are sporadically scattered; (5) acidophils with numerous spherical larger secretory granules (200–300 nm); and (6) prolactin cells with large polymorphic granules. At day 5 there was a high mitotic rate of the agranular and ambiguous cells [types (1) and (2)]; at day 70 a high mitotic rate was found in immature and mature acidophils [types (4) and (5)]. The mitotic rate of basophils (type 3) was high only at day 17 and low at all other times. The mitotic rate of prolactin cells (type 6) showed a slight increment with advancing age. It is concluded that the mitotic rates of the six cell types are age-dependent.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Endothelial cell ; Factor VIII/von Willebrand factor ; Glial fibrillary acidic protein ; Hemangioblastoma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The histogenesis of hemangioblastoma stromal cells is unresolved. Ultrastructural observations suggest that the stromal cells, endothelial cells, and pericytes that compose this neoplasm are all derived from angiogenic mesenchyme. The expression of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (FVIII/vWF), a specific marker for endothelial cells, and of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a specific marker for glial cells, was examined in 16 hemangioblastomas using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical method. Endothelial cell staining for FVIII/vWF was intense in 14 tumors, weak in one, and absent in another. There was no stromal cell staining in any of the neoplasms. Process-bearing, GFAP-positive cells were observed near the tumor margin in 13 cases, and deeper in the neoplasm in 8. In two of these tumors there were also occasional GFAP-positive cells that lacked processes and had a vacuolated cytoplasm. Virtually all of the GFAP-positive cells were interpreted as trapped astrocytes rather than stromal cells. The lack of expression of FVIII/vWF by the stromal cells indicates that they are antigenically distinct from endothelial cells. Several alternatives for stromal cell histogenesis remain open. The stromal cells may be derived from endothelial cells that have undergone antigenic loss, or from angiogenic mesenchymal cells that do not express FVIII/vWF. Alternatively, the stromal cells may originate from nonangiogenic mesenchymal cells derived from the mesoderm or neuroectoderm.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 165 (1982), S. 63-70 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Pancreatic islet ; Cytogenesis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Chronological development of immunoreactive, pancreatic endocrine cells was immunohistochemically studied in rats. The first immunoreaction occurs for glucagon on day 11.5 and for insulin on day 12.5 of gestation, respectively, in the cells located within the cap-like or tubular pancreatic primordium derived from the gut wall. Immunoreactive somatostatin cells appear first at the periphery of primitive islets on day 15.5. On day 18.5, the cells of the primitive islets obtain their definitive arrangement and the islets are now separated from the tissue of the exocrine pancreas. Decapitation or encephalectomy performed on day 16.5 embryos fails to influence the ensuing further development of endocrine pancreas. This suggests that the hypothalamus or pituitary does not play an essential role in the histogenesis of the pancreatic islets.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Oxytocin neuron ; Vasopressin neuron ; Hypothalamus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Monkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The hypothalamic oxytocin and vasopressin neurons of the monkey, Macaca fuscata, were demonstrated in Golgi-like images by a modified immunoperoxidase method. The magnocellular oxytocin and vasopressin neurons were distributed mainly in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. In addition to these main nucleic, both types of magnocellular neurons were found in the accessory supraoptic nucleus, the periventricular and perifornical areas, the nucleus of the stria terminalis, the lateral hypothalamic area, and the pars interna of the globus pallidus. Magnocellular oxytocin neurons were seen immediately ventral to the anterior commissure, and parvocellular vasopressin neurons were localized in the medial portion of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. The preferential distribution of the oxytocin and vasopressin neurons was recognized not only in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, but also in other areas. In all areas observed, the cytological difference between the oxytocin and vasopressin neurons could be identified. The area, of the perikarya of the vasopressin neurons was determined to be larger than that of the oxytocin neurons. Most of the axons of the oxytocin neurons issued from the perikarya, while the axons of the vasopressin neurons originated in most cases from the thick proximal dendrites. These results show that the oxytocin and vasopressin neurons are distributed in areas much broader than has hitherto been assumed, and that these two peptidergic neurons can be definitely differentiated morphologically as well as functionally.
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: CRF neurons ; Hypothalamus ; Immunohistochemistry ; PAP ; Mammals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The presence of the CRF-containing neurons in the hypothalamus was investigated in four different species (cats, dogs, pigs, and monkeys) by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique using specific anti-serum to CRF. In all animals examined, CRF-containing perikarya were found mainly in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei, and a small number of the immunoreactive cells were observed in the accessory supraoptic nucleus and the lateral hypothalamic area. The size of the CRF-containing perikarya ranged from 20–35 μm in diameter. These findings suggest that the magnocellular paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei are the center not only of the classical neurosecretory system for the production of the posterior lobe hormones, but also that of the CRF neuronal system.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Monoclonal antibodies ; T-cell antigens ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fifteen monoclonal antibodies against different T-cell antigens were studied by immunohistochemistry in thymus, fetal thymus, fetal liver, palatine tonsils, and a few T-cell lymphomas. OKT 9 was identified as reacting with hemopoietic stem or precursor cells in fetal liver as well as with early B-determined lymphocytes in tonsillar germinal centres. OKT 10 labelled lymphocytes in thymus and surprisingly also the cytoplasm of some tonsillar cells with plasma-cell like appearance. OKT 6 and MAS 036 b reacted only with thymic cells. OKT 4, OKT 5, OKT 8, 8–11, labelled thymic cells- and portions of interfollicular cells in tonsils. OKT 3, NEI 016, NEI 015, and T 28 stained a majority of thymic cells and of tonsillar interfollicular lymphocytes. IFH-M 203, NEI 012 and 4–11 were positive with the majority of T-lymphocytes in tonsils but labelled only a few thymic cells.
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: GnRH ; Serotonin ; Dopamine-β-hydroxylase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat brain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunahistochemical double staining for gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and serotonin or dopamine-β-hydroxylase reveals close appositions of fibers which contain serotonin or norepinephrine to GnRH producing neurons in the septo-preoptic region. In the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis and in the median eminence extensive anatomical overlap exists in the distribution of GnRH and serotoninergic fibers but little of GnRH and noradrenalinergic fibers. It is proposed that serotonin plays a major role in the regulation of GnRH secretion via contacts in all of the regions studied and that the influence of norepinephrine on GnRH-secretion in the median eminence is exerted mainly via involvement of dopaminergic tuberoinfundibular neurons.
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Gastric endocrine cells ; Endocrine cell carcinoma ; Early gastric cancer ; Scirrhous carcinoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Schlüsselwörter ; Gastrische Endokrinzellen ; Endokrine Carcinome ; Frühcarcinom des Magens ; Scirrhöses Carcinom ; Immunhistochemie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 18 Argyrophilzellencarcinome aus insgesamt 101 Frühcarcinomen des Magens wurden lichtmikroskopisch, elektronenmikroskopisch sowie immunhistochemisch mit Antiseren gegen Polypeptide, CEA, Lysozyme und hCG untersucht. 7 dieser Tumoren enthielten Gastrin und 2 unter ihnen außerdem Somatostatin. In allen 18 Tumoren wurde CEA nachgewiesen, 7 von diesen 18 Tumoren zeigten Lysozyme, darunter 5 auch noch Gastrin. In 4 Tumoren wurde hCG beobachtet, und in 2 aus dieser Reihe von 4 fand sich gleichzeitig Gastrin, CEA, Mucin sowie Lysozyme. Argentaffine Zellen wurden in 7 von 18 Tumoren beobachtet. Drei von 7 Gastrin enthaltende Tumoren hatten mehr oder weniger argentaffine Zellen. Elektronmikroskopisch wurden unterschiedliche Sekretgranula beobachtet und 9 von 18 Tumoren waren D1 oder P Zellen ähnlich. Makroskopisch entsprach die Mehrzahl der Tumoren dem IIc oder IIc+III Typ. Histologisch waren von diesen 18 Tumoren 6 gut differenzierte und 12 wenig differenzierte Adenocarcinome, einschließlich Siegelring-zellencarcinomen. Sie waren öfters im Fundusbereich jüngerer Frauen lokalisiert. Unter Heranziehung unserer schon publizierten Untersuchungsbefunde wird vermutet, daß IIc-Typ Argyrophilzellencarcinome mit dem histologischen Bild des wenig differenzierten Adenocarcinoms dem scirrhösen Carcinom zugeordnet werden kann.
    Notes: Summary Eighteen argyrophil cell carcinomas in 101 early gastric carcinomas were examined histologically, ultrastructurally, and immunohistochemically for polypeptides, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), lysozyme, and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). Seven of these 18 tumors had gastrin, and two of seven tumors also contained somatostatin. In all of these 18 tumors CEA were demonstrated. Seven had lysozyme and five of seven tumors also contained gastrin; hCG were present in four of 18 tumors and two of four tumors had gastrin, CEA, mucin, and lysozyme simultaneously. Argentaffin cells were found in seven of 18 tumors. Of the above seven tumors containing gastrin, three had argentaffin cells. Ultrastructurally, several types of secretory granules were noted and tumor cells resembling D1-or P cells were present in nine of the 18 tumors. Macroscopically, many of the tumors showed IIc or IIc+III type. Histologically, the 18 tumors consisted of six well differentiated adenocarcinomas and 12 poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas including signet-ring cell carcinoma. These 12 tumors frequently developed in the stomach of young females. In view of our previous investigations, it was suggested that the IIc-type argyrophil cell carcinoma histologically showing poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma may be related to scirrhous carcinoma of the stomach.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 91-96 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model based on extension and secondary motions of striations in a deforming flow is used to predict details of the mixing and dispersion of viscous liquids. Generally, extension of intermaterial area and interfacial surface occurs in stagnation regions, and breakup ensues when the striated flow has left such a region or has time to form unmixing regions of smaller scale in the stretching flow. Complex criteria for the types of mixing anticipated are based on differences in viscosity, differences in density, striation scale, rate of stretch, and, for various degrees of immiscibility, interfacial tension.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 18
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new process for purification of phenolic wastewaters by parametric pumping is presented.An equilibrium (linear) model for nonmixed dead volumes thermal direct mode parametric pumping is developed and the influence of bottom and top dead volume magnitudes on transient separation is analyzed.Analytical solutions for batch, continuous and semicontinuous operations are presented.Experimental data on the system phenol/water-Duolite ES861 include equilibrium isotherms at 20°C and 60°C and parapump runs for the cases mentioned above.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 134-138 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The volumetric and phase behavior of propane-perfluorocyclobutane mixtures has been determined in the critical region. This system exhibits a minimum temperature point in its critical locus curve and forms a positive critical azeotrope. The measured critical points in this system and their correlation using an extended corresponding states principle are reported in this paper.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 245-250 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Both equilibrium and rate studies were made for the adsorption and desorption of Bovine Serum Albumin (B.S.A.), Fraction V, from dilute solutions using a new cellulose based ion exchange resin. Using the equilibrium data and a simple two-film theory to describe the rate data it was shown that during the initial perioid of adsorption the rate was controlled by film diffusion, after which it was controlled by intraparticle diffusion. The desorption was largely intraparticle diffusion controlled except for a very short surface desorption step. It is suggested that the model could be used to describe other protein adsorption/ion exchange processes.
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 266-273 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new reactor configuration, the annular bed reactor, is mathematically modeled to assess its capabilities as a CO methanation reactor. The results show that the reactor offers excellent temperature control characteristics and negligible pressure drop, and that it is a promising configuration for this as well as other reaction systems.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 294-301 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Approximate analytical solutions of the local temperature variations, due to viscous heating, in channel flows of non-Newtonian fluids with small Nahme-Griffith numbers were obtained by the WKB-J method. The results are general and easy to use so that extensive numerical computations are not required. Comparisons between the approximate analytical solution and complete numerical solution showed that the relative differences were very small.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 338-341 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 492-500 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An analysis of a batch, dispersed-emulsion (liquid membrane), separation system results in simple models that describe the concentrations and masses of each phase as functions of time. Comparisons with a limited set of experimental data are offered. One of these models allows a set of pilot studies to be extended to performance predictions and comparative studies of different feed-membrane-solvent combinations, which could lead to an optimally designed separation process.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 25
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 514-515 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 515-517 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 28
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 166-168 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 173-173 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 610-616 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The governing equations for the laminar fully developed flow and heat transfer in curved tubes are solved numerically for a power-law fluid. Results for the velocity and temperature fields, the friction factor, and the Nusselt number are presented for different values of the Dean number, the Prandtl number, and the power-law index. The friction factor results are compared with available experimental data.
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  • 31
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 626-637 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A multiparameter corresponding-states correlation is applied to describe fossil-fluid vapor/liquid-equilibrium behavior needed to design separation and other process units in coal-liquefaction plants. Data for both defined and undefined fluids pertinent to coal liquefaction are utilized in correlation development. The procurement of these data requires a thorough evaluation and study of the needs for additional data to improve correlations. These needs are systematically outlined in the context of the level of predication capability that can be achieved using the currently available data base.A conformal-solution model is applied to describe the behavior of many defined binary and ternary coal-solvent systems. The correlation is then extended to undefined systems such as those encountered in the Exxon Donor Solvent process. Correlation results are reported and correlation limits are assessed.
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  • 32
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 671-676 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The Tait equation has been extended and generalized to permit the calculation of densities of compressed liquids and their mixtures to a pressure of 68,950 kPa (10,000 psia) using only critical temperature, critical pressure, Soave-Redlich-Kwong acentric factor, saturation pressure, and saturated volume for a pure liquid or the corresponding mixture parameters for a liquid mixture. This correlation, together with the correlation developed by Hankinson and Thomson (1979) for saturated liquid densities, comprise COSTALD (COrresponding STAtes Liquid Density), an integrated method for estimating densities of nonpolar and slightly polar liquids and mixtures. The new correlation gave 0.446 average absolute percent error for 6,338 data points for nonpolar liquids, 2.57% error for 1352 data points for polar and quantum liquids, 0.369% error for 319 data points for LNG/LPG mixtures, and 1.61% error for all mixtures tested.
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  • 33
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 702-702 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 34
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 35
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Crystallization kinetics of sodium chloride have been studied in a Continuous Mixed Suspension Mixed Product Removal evaporative crystallizer at 50°C. A marine propeller was found to give a substantially lower nucleation rate than a pitched blade impeller under identical conditions. The crystal turnover time did not affect the effective nucleation rate.
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  • 36
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 765-772 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A generalized mathematical model is developed to describe the process of multicomponent adsorption on activated carbon in fixed beds. Numerical, finite difference, solutions for the adsorption of binary, and ternary organic mixtures are shown to satisfactorily match previously published experimental data.
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  • 37
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 786-792 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: When a small drop or bubble approaches a fluid-fluid interface, a thin liquid film forms between them, drains, until an instability forms and coalescence occurs. A hydrodynamic theory is developed for the first portion of this coalescence process: the drainage of the thin liquid film while it is still sufficiently thick that the effects of London-van der Waals forces and electrostatic forces can be ignored. The time rate of change of the film profile is predicted, given only the drop radius and the required physical properties. Comparisons are offered with the limited experimental data available.
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  • 38
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 830-833 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 39
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 840-841 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 40
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 325-333 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Chemical solution theory has been shown to be particularly well-suited for certain classes of liquid metal mixtures. A generalized formulation of this approach is presented and it eliminates the need for mechanistic information. The results are in good agreement with many data, and could lead to a variety of industrial applications of liquid metal solvents.
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  • 41
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 341-343 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 42
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 349-349 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 43
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 869-869 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 44
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 870-870 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 45
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 907-914 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The local contact characteristics between the bed emulsion and the tube surface for horizontal tubes immersed in fluidized beds were investigated experimentally. The measurements indicated that the contact dynamics change significantly with circumferential position, gas flow rate, particle size and system pressure. From the experimental data, quantitative information on the local fluidization behavior were generated for use in heat transfer models.
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  • 46
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 914-922 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The mathematical basis was derived for the experimental measurement of the “Slope Condition” and of the “Dynamic Condition” of the thermal stability criteria in a laboratory-scale internal recycle reactor. This work also resulted in clearer interpretations and simpler expressions for the two stability criteria. The method was experimentally demonstrated on the example of the low pressure methanol synthesis. Only seven experiments were needed to evaluate the stability criteria of this reaction for which the kinetics is unknown.
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  • 47
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 973-980 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Two models describing the laminar flow of a polymerizing liquid through a tube have been developed and tested experimentally. One model is a full finite difference solution of the balance equations. The other is an approximate analytical solution which assumes that flow ceases after viscosity increases about tenfold. The models are compared to two experimental cases: (1) the pressure rise needed to keep the flow rate through the tube constant and (2) the flow rate decrease when pressure at the tube entrance is held constant. The finite difference model is more accurate in the early stages of polymerization while the approximate analytical model is more accurate at long times. The models have application to runner flow in reaction injection molding, to nozzles in thermoset molding, to thermoset dispensing equipment and to continuous reactive polymer processes in general.
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  • 48
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 1002-1009 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A theoretical study was carried out to achieve a better understanding of the oscillatory behavior of a gas bubble growing (or collapsing) in a viscoelastic liquid, by taking into account both the hydrodynamic and diffusion effects. The Zaremba-DeWitt model was chosen to represent the rheological properties of the suspending medium. The finite difference method was employed to solve the governing system equations.The computational results show that, in the case of very fast diffusion (i.e., constant bubble pressure), the oscillatory behavior of a bubble takes place only when the ratio of the initial pressure difference between the gas bubble and the liquid phase to the elastic modulus of the suspending medium is below a certain critical value. On the other hand, in the case of very slow diffusion, the oscillatory behavior of a bubble persists, regardless of the magnitude of the rheological properties of the suspending medium. Our study indicates further that the diffusivity of a gas has a profound influence on the occurrence of oscillatory behavior, that the elastic property of the suspending medium enhances oscillatory behavior while its viscosity plays the opposite role, and that even a Newtonian medium can give rise to an oscillatory pattern of bubble growth (or collapse), although it dampens out very quickly.
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  • 49
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 1030-1032 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 50
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 1041-1041 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 51
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 1043-1043 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 52
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 1042-1043 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 53
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982) 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 54
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 980-987 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Conditions are identified which insure optimum pipeline mixing at a T-junction. Analytical expressions, that result from detailed measurements of both near and far-field momentum-dominated jet trajectories in a crossflow, are renormalized in terms of pipe coordinates. It is demonstrated that a simple scaling law exists for the limiting geometry of either large or small jet-to-pipe diameter ratios. The scaling laws are shown to accurately correlate existing data for each limiting geometry.
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  • 55
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 994-1002 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Infeasible path optimization algorithms have been effective with equation-solving or simultaneous modular process simulators. Using these simulators, successive quadratic programming is applied to large nonlinear programs. However, the algorithms are not directly applicable to commercial simulators of the sequential modular type.Here an infeasible path algorithm is presented which can easily be integrated with most commercial process simulators. The optimization problem remains small (10 or 20 variables) and the user merely replaces the convergence block with an “optimization” block.A simple process example demonstrates the operation, effectiveness, and potential of this algorithm.
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  • 56
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 1016-1019 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The steady diffusion across a constant thickness corrugated barrier is analyzed through the intrinsic coordinate system. Perturbation solutions are found when the thickness is small compared to the minimum radius of curvature. For a given perimeter length, diffusive transfer is decreased, while for given maximum geometric dimensions, diffusive transfer may be increased by corrugations.
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  • 57
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 1033-1036 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 58
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 11-20 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A fast and accurate method was developed for the integration of large sparse systems of stiff initial value ordinary differential equations. The system is ordered, decoupled and, if necessary, torn into subsystems (also called blocks) which are then solved by orthogonal collocation on finite elements. The size of these elements, or steps, is different for each subsystem and is a function of the stiffness of the set of equations constituting the subsystem. The steps are overlapped for maximum computational efficiency.
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  • 59
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 20-30 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The statistical behavior of some common parameter estimation methods is investigated by simulation. The methods based on the maximum likelihood principle give the best estimates of parameters in a given model. An analysis of the possibilities for detecting systematic errors by means of the maximum likelihood method showed that this method gives at best the same information as other well known tests.
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  • 60
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 7-11 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: To study the effect of H2O2 on NO reduction with NH3, the homogeneous gas phase reaction of NH3—NO—H2O2—O2 was investigated in a Pyrex flow reactor over the temperature range from 500°C to 600°C under one atmospheric pressure. H2O2 accelerated the NO reduction by NH3 and caused it to be induced at a temperature of 500°C. In the absence of O2, NOx reduction ratio of more than 90% was obtained for NH3/NO=5 and H2O2/NO=1 at 550°C. In the presence of O2 or an excess of H2O2, two side reactions, which cause the NOx reduction ratio to decrease, occur.One of the side reactions is NO oxidation with H2O2. It was found experimentally that NO2 inhibited NO reduction and that H2O2 was an NO oxidizing agent, as well as an NH3 decomposing agent. The other side reaction was the formation of NO and NO2, which resulted from the oxidation of NH3 with O2. Under the conditions of our experiments, the amount of O2 in our reaction system was extremely high compared to the amounts of NO, NH3 and H2O2 in the system. Thus NOx was assumed to be produced by the oxidation of the NO reducing radicals, which were produced by the reaction of NH3 with H2O2.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 56-60 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The transient thermal response of a power-law type non-Newtonian, laminar boundary layer flow over a wedge is investigated. Consideration is given to the case of a step change in surface temperature. Details of the transient heat flux and the temperature field are obtained and have been presented graphically. The range of Prandtl numbers investigated is from 5 to 1000 while the viscosity index was allowed to vary from 0.1 to 5.0.
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  • 62
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 103-111 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A high-temperature molten carbonate electrochemical cell has been tested for use as a carbon dioxide concentrator in a manned spacecraft. Carbon dioxide is removed from a stream of cabin air supplied to the cathode of the bench scale cell. It is then concentrated through the molten carbonate electrolyte to the anode. The anode is fed either hydrogen (energy producer) or nitrogen (substance producer). Performance variation with gas flow rate, cell temperature, carbon dioxide partial pressure, and current are presented and analyzed.
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  • 63
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 117-128 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model describing the entrainment of solid particles in the freeboard region of a fluidized bed is proposed. Published experimental data have been used to correlate the entrainment rate near the bed surface and the elutriation rate above the bed. It has been shown that the column diameter can have an important influence on the amount of fines elutriated.
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  • 64
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Measurement of vapor-liquid equilibria and azeotropic states of propane-perfluorocyclobutane mixtures are reported in this paper. The propane-perfluorocyclobutane system exhibits positive azeotropic behavior which persists in the critical region of the system. The prediction of vapor-liquid equilibria and of the locus of azeotropic points using an extended corresponding states principle is also reported. The predictions require information obtained solely from a study of the critical states of the system.
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  • 65
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Knowledge of the local distribution of the light energy, in a photochemical reactor in the presence of an absorbing substance which reacts at a rate of order different from one with respect to the adsorbed light intensity, is important in order to calculate the mean rate of reaction and the design of the reactor. Here we report a simple method for the determination of this profile as a function of the concentration of an absorbing substance and we compare the results obtained with the models of emission from the literature. A semi-empirical model accounting for our experimental results is presented.
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  • 66
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 182-190 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An analysis is presented to described the dynamics of fluidized bed adsorption columns. A microbial film model (recently proposed by the authors) is used to characterize the bacterial activity and its interaction with adsorption and solids mixing. Solids mixing and mixing in the liquid phase are included in the analysis, as is the effect of microbial film growth on the settling velocity of the adsorbent particles. The interplay of film growth, bed stratification and solids mixing is discussed in detail.
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  • 67
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 208-214 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model for packed-bed reactors with dispersion is derived rigorously via the volume averaging approach. Though it is quantitatively more consistent with experimental data, it requires less computational efforts than the prevalent Fickian model. The adverse effects of dispersion on conversion are demonstrated both numerically and analytically using the new model.
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  • 68
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 237-244 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A simple technique is developed and is used to measure simultaneously the overall rate and the depth of the reaction zone in the porous solid. It is shown that by using some simple models, one may calculate the intrinsic rate constant and the pore diffusivity from the overall rate and the penetration depth. Models which allow for a varying pore diffusivity according to a linear porosity profile are presented, and have been shown more satisfactory than the constant diffusivity models of Thiele and of Zeldovich when applied to the high temperature carbon-carbon dioxide reaction.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 261-266 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The absorption rate of sulfur dioxide from a gas mixture of SO2 and N2 into aqueous acetic acid and adipic acid solutions at pH 4 to 6 has been measured at 25°C in a continuous stirred vessel with an unbroken gas-liquid interface. The experimental data have been modeled by approximate surface renewal theory with multiple equilibrium reactions. The model has been used to evaluate the relative effectiveness of eleven organic acid additives at typical limestone scrubber conditions. Adipic, sulfopropionic, sulfosuccinic, and hydroxypropionic acids appear to be the most promising alternatives.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 286-293 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Dispersion was studied by subjecting clusters of spherical particles (20-400 μm) to laminar flow fields. The clusters were: cohesionless, consisting of particles suspended in the same liquid as the bulk medium and cohesive for which a different liquid was used to make the suspension. Both qualitative and quantitative results are presented.
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  • 71
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 311-324 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A structural model for a porous medium in the form of a randomized, three-dimensional network is developed that can be used to calculate permeability, capillary pressure as measured under static conditions and during steady-state flows, and relative permeabilities as measured during steady-state flows.This randomized network model, expressed in terms of seven free parameters, can be employed to correlate for a given system the single-phase permeability, the drainage and imbibition capillary pressure curves, and the two drainage relative permeability curves. The subsequent portions of the hysteresis loops for capillary pressure and for the relative permeabilities then can be predicted.The limited data available from the literature for unconsolidated packed beds have been successfully correlated: 100 to 200 mesh sand and uniform 181 μm glass spheres. Data for a bed of sintered 200 μm glass beads also has been successfully described.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 344-346 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982) 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 74
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 392-396 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The results of batch settling tests with various coal powders in model oils indicated that the viscosity and the aromatic/paraffinic nature of the oil influences the sedimentation and the aggregation rate of the particles. Oxidation of paraffin oil may result in the generation of surface active agents which retards the sedimentation of certain coals.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 410-417 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A design method is presented that takes into account the effects of both diffusion and deactivation on hetergeneous catalytic reactors. Improvements that can be made by the method are demonstrated and an efficient methodology is developed by which the design problem as well as associated optimization problems can be solved in a routine manner. The approach is based on the reactor point effectiveness for global rate of reaction in terms of bulk fluid conditions. Some important features emerge from the examples presented.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 440-447 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Phase-equilibrium conditions for multicomponent hydrocarbon-water mixtures were experimentally determined, demonstrating that both structure I and structure II hydrates can form from a single mixture. Model parameters were optimized to allow prediction of the hydrate structure, and prediction of the pressure and temperature of hydrate formation for the experimental mixtures.
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  • 77
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 480-486 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Previous studies have shown that heat transport by horizontal conduction in thermal displacement processes in porous media has a stabilizing effect on condensation fronts. This paper expands the stability analysis by also including the description of heat transfer lateral heat losses by conjungate (vertical) conduction. A marginal stability condition is derived in terms of a parameter Λ representing the relative magnitude of heat transfer by conjugate conduction. It is shown that lateral heat losses ask a significant stabilizing effect on the front. This effect should be important in thermal oil recovery processes such as steam injection and in-situ combustion.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 474-479 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Transport rates were measured by monitoring the pressure decay between two reservoirs connected by a polyethylene membrane. The diffusion equation was integrated to obtain a relation between the pressure difference across the reservoirs and the time, with solubility, expressed by Henry's law constant H, and the diffusivity D as parameters. A procedure was developed whereby both H and D are evaluated from a single set of Δp vs. t measurements. For argon in low-density polyethylene, H and D at 323 K were 35[kg·mo]/(m3 of gas)/[kg·mol/(m3 of polymer)] and 2.1 × 10-10 m2/s, respectively. For the high-density sample these values were 38.7 and 1.11 × 10-10 at 298.1 K.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 486-492 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The changing geometry of electrodes undergoing electrodeposition or dissolution can be simulated by successive solutions of Laplace's equation with nonlinear boundary conditions. To overcome the instability in the finite-difference calculation caused by nonlinear boundary conditions, a weighting algorithm to compute the new surface potential on successive iterations has been developed.
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  • 80
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 517-521 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 81
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 529-535 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The temperature profile, total emissivity, flux density distribution, and effective mean penetration distance were determined from measurements in high-temperature solar fluidized beds. A theoretical model is proposed to describe the complex heat transfer phenomena in the radiation penetration zone of the fluidized layers. The results correlated well at incipient fluidizing conditions for beds of silicon carbide and chamotte but were found imprecise for beds of zirconia and silica sand.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 565-573 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The problem of multicomponent liquid phase adsorption in fixed beds was studied further. In contrast to the earlier work (Hsieh et al., 1977), the method developed in this work is more efficient and also has a greater scope of applicability as it incorporates the use of the IAS (Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory) method for the estimation of multicomponent adsorption equilibrium data. It was shown that the use of the more complex IAS method for the prediction of the isotherm data does not present insurmountable obstacles as once feared (DiGiano, 1978) but provides much better prediction of carbon adsorption. An extension of the method to batch adsorption was shown to be straightforward and presented no special difficulty.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 597-603 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: High-quality (95%) steam-water critical flow through a straight pipe was studied using high-speed photographic and holographic techniques. The results indicate that most of the water exists as a discontinuous or continuous thin film which flows along the wall with a speed much slower than that of the steam. This results in slip ratios higher than those reported before. Although a separated flow model would seem to describe the actual flow situation more closely than other models, the assumption of thermal equilibrium between phases and the fact that the flow is not separated except close to the exit plane are probably explanations for differences in slip ratios obtained in this study from those predicted.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 616-625 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A multiparameter corresponding-states correlation has been developed to describe fossil-fluid thermodynamic properties needed to design fluid-flow, heat-exchange, and other unit operations in coal-liquefaction plants. Three equation-of-state parameters, a molecular-size/separation parameter, a molecular-energy parameter, and a molecular-orientation parameter are used to characterize nonpolar and slightly polar aromatic hydrocarbons. A conformal-solution model is developed for predicting thermodynamic properties of coal-derived mixtures.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 656-662 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Vacuum sublimation of cadmium sulfide for manufacture of thin film solar cells was analyzed. The sublimation unit consisted of a two chamber cylindrical source bottle having a rate control orifice and exit nozzle. Coupled heat and mass balance equations were solved using appropriate rate equations for flow in the free molecular-to-viscous transition regime. The model equations predicted that heat transfer has a significant effect on sublimation rate. Experiments were carried out over a range of temperatures with several rate control orifices and exit nozzles. Quantitative agreement between measured rates and those calculated from the model equations was obtained.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 695-696 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 700-702 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 88
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982) 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 89
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 720-728 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: For a catalyst composed of a more active component embedded in a less active (but not inert) and more diffuse matrix, an optimum distribution of the active component in the catalyst pellet may lead to significantly higher reaction rates per unit volume of pellet, compared with reaction rates using pellets with a uniformly distributed active component or with an active component concentrated on the outside or the inside of the pellet. The optimum distribution changes qualitatively with the physical parameters of the pellet and with changes in the rate constants and diffusion coefficients of the catalytic compoenents. This is relevant to the performance of coking zeolite/silica-alumina catalysts in hydrocarbon cracking reactions.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 751-759 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An experimental and theoretical study was carried out to relate the extent of channeling in a packed column to the response in the effluent gas to a tracer input. When the response curve showed a distinct peak associated with a channel, it was possible to establish the flow rate and void area of the channel from only the response curve. The experimental data provided new information on Peclet numbers in packed columns with nonuniform void fractions (low tube-to-particle diameter ratios).
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 772-779 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A relatively simple and extremely versatile optical method of obtaining diffusion coefficient data known as Gouy interferometry was employed to measure diffusion coefficients in undersaturated and supersaturated aqueous urea solutions at 25°C. The use of laser light as a monochromatic light source in the interferometer greatly simplified the procedure for obtaining diffusivity data from the interferometer. A novel design of a real image camera was employed to record the interferometric data. Values obtained from the interferometric data for low concentration (0-4 molar) aqueous urea solutions were within ±5% of literature values.The diffusion coefficient was found to decrease linearly with increasing concentration up to the saturation point of the aqueous urea solutions, and to decrease drastically with increasing concentration in the supersaturated region. This behavior is similar to that observed in liquid-liquid systems near the consolute point (Cussler, 1980). It is speculated that this phenomenon is a result of molecular aggregation of the urea molecules in supersaturated aqueous solutions. Very little experimental data have previously been obtained in the supersaturated region due to crystallization problems. Supersaturated diffusion coefficient data are important in the study and design of crystallization processes.The solid-solute-liquid solvent binary systems urea-water and sucrose-water were modeled as a saturated solution solute-liquid solvent system in order to test various concentration dependent diffusion relationships. Two of these relationships, the Vignes and Leffler-Cullinan equations, showed improved correlation with experimentally determined diffusivity data for aqueous urea and aqueous sucrose solutions at undersaturated conditions.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 828-830 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 837-840 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 847-851 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 858-861 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 868-868 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 869-869 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 881-900 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a critical review of the developments in the mathematical modeling of gas-solid noncatalytic reactions with particular emphasis on recent trends in the subject. A number of models proposed for analyzing this class of reactions have been reviewed with a fairly detailed discussion of the methods of incorporating structural changes which occur in the solid with the progress of reaction. The present status on the modeling of various types of complex gas-solid reactions is reviewed. Also the paper points out a number of areas in which future research may be needed. The review concludes with a critical discussion on the type of experimental data necessary for model verification and some comments on the choice of model for a given system.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 930-934 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A gravimetric technique has been developed for measuring three phase vaporice-hydrate (VIH) equilibria. This technique has been used for measuring VIH dissociation pressures for propane and isobutane hydrates to temperatures as low as 241.4 K. Kihara parameters, based upon the experimental dissociation pressure data, have been obtained. Because the range of experimental three phase equilibrium data has been considerably extended, the parameters based on this data should be more useful in predicting hydrate dissociation pressures.
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  • 100
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: When a small drop or bubble approaches a solid surface, a thin liquid film forms between them, drains, until an instability forms and coalescence occurs. Lin and Slattery (1982a) developed a hydrodynamic theory for the first portion of this coalescence process: the drainage of the thin liquid film while it is sufficiently thick that the effects of London-van der Waals forces and electrostatic forces can be ignored. Here the effects of the London-van der Waals forces are included. The resulting theory describes the evolution of the film profile, given only the bubble radius and the required physical properties. The inclusion of a positive disjoining pressure results in better descriptions of the film profiles measured by Platikanov (1964) for air bubbles pressed against glass plates. When the disjoining pressure is negative, an unstable draining film evolves and finally ruptures. Unfortunately, there are no experimental data with which to compare our predicted coalescence times.
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