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  • 1980-1984  (826)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1983  (826)
  • Organic Chemistry  (682)
  • Rat  (144)
  • Nuclear reactions
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degeneration of cochlear neurons after amikacin intoxication in the rat (1983)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 237 (1983), S. 201-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Amikacin intoxication ; Cochlea ; Spiral ganglion ; Neuronal degeneration ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intoxication with high doses of the aminoglycoside antibiotic amikacin in a supranormal sensitive period in the rat induces complete destruction of the inner and outer hair cells in the organ of Corti in all turns, whereas the supporting cells remain partially preserved in the upper turns. With increasing survival time, the number of ganglion cells in the spiral ganglion decreases progressively, reaching a minimum of about 10% surviving cells after 12 months. Both type I and type II neurons are subject to retrograde degeneration, although type-II cells degenerate more slowly than type-I cells. The presence or absence of supporting cells in the organ of Corti does not seem to influence neuronal degeneration. This retrograde degeneration is similar in all animals so far studied but its time course is different for different species. Retrograde degeneration after destruction of Corti's organ is a long-lasting process and is never completed at once. This must be taken into consideration in the treatment of total deafness with electric stimulation of surviving neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00453725
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular enzymatic differentiation in brain vessels of normal and protein-deprived rats (1983)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 60 (1983), S. 159-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebral blood vessels ; Gradient centrifugation ; Alkaline phosphatase ; γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase ; Protein deprivation ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Brain capillary development was studied in normal and protein-deprived rats using the specific activity of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (EC 2.3.2.1) in whole brain homogenates and microvessels obtained by gradient centrifugation according to Orlowski et al. (1974). Pre-and postnatal protein deprivation was induced by a 50% reduction in the dietary protein content. The density of microvessel fragments changed during development. Most of the early developmental increase in the specific activity of both enzymes in whole brain homogenates of normal rats can probably be explained by a rapid formation of new capillary segments. The increase in specific activity of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase in microvessels was interpreted as a sign of cellular differentiation. Protein deprivation resulted in reduced specific activity of both enzymes in whole brain homogenates of 30-day-old rats, probably as a result of the decreased length per volume of the cerebral capillary network at this age (Conradi et al. 1979a). Signs of impaired endothelial growth were also present in the protein-deprived rats since the distribution of microvessel fragments in the 30-day-old protein-deprived rats was similar to that in 3-week-old normal rats. The specific activity of alkaline phosphatase was decreased in the microvessel fractions of 30- and 96-day-old protein-deprived rats, apparently signifying an effect of the protein deprivation on the endothelial cells. These effects of protein deprivation on the brain capillary endothelial transport system may have negative consequences for growth and function in the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691862
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histological and histochemical changes in the central nervous system of the rat poisoned by an irreversible anticholinesterase organophosphorus compound (1983)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 61 (1983), S. 123-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Organophosphate intoxication ; Rat ; Neuropathology ; Histochemistry ; Acetylcholinesterase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of soman, a powerful organophosphorus (OP) cholinesterase inhibitor, was investigated in the central nervous system (CNS) of Wistar rats by neurohistology, histochemical mapping of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and biochemical determination of cholinesterase (ChE) activity. Rats were poisoned by one lethal or sublethal subcutaneous (s.c.) injection or by several less strong weekly doses. When the acute cholinergic action of the OP led to severe respiratory failure and to repeated or prolonged convulsions, the surviving rats exhibited neuronal changes similar to those of hypoxic encephalopathy. In one case chronic intoxication gave rise to these symptoms and lesions after the fourth injection. The histochemical data showed that lesioned gray structures were generally poor in AChE. The enzymatic inhibition was quick and strong, but differed from one structure to another. ChE recovery was rapid until about 96 h after poisoning, the time course depending on the structure, but was incomplete even after 8 days. An attempt to correlate the initial level of ChE inhibition with the severity of the symptoms was not very conclusive. Our data suggest that the encephalopathy comes at least in part from complex hypoxic factors produced by the cholinergic crisis. The sequelae of slight hypoxic encephalopathy could account for some nervous long-term effects in men acutely poisoned by OP and surviving owing to mechanical ventilation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697391
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dual cholinergic modulation of hippocampal somatic and dendritic field potentials by the septo-hippocampal pathway (1983)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 49 (1983), S. 151-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Septo-hippocampal cholinergic pathway ; Somatic and dendritic field potentials ; Rat ; Muscarinic antagonists
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In rats under urethane anaesthesia, brief tetanic stimulation of the medial septum produces a dual effect upon the field potentials elicited in the ammon's horn by commissural stimulation: a facilitation of the population spike recorded in the pyramidal layer and a depression of the field EPSP recorded in the apical dendrites. Both effects, which are also produced by local application of muscarinic agents, are antagonized by local administration of muscarinic antagonists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235552
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of an artificial magnetic field on serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin content of the rat pineal gland (1983)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 50 (1983), S. 426-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Magnetic field (effects of) ; Pineal gland ; Serotonin-N-acetyltransferase activity ; Melatonin ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the present study the effects of artificial magnetic fields on pineal serotonin-N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity and melatonin content in male Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated to study the secretory activity of the pineal gland. Experimental inversion of the horizontal component of the natural magnetic field, performed at night-time, led to a significant decrease of both parameters investigated. During day-time, this effect was less conspicuous. During night-time, inversion of the horizontal component is followed by a reduced pineal secretory activity for about 2 h. After 24 h exposure to the inverted horizontal component, return to the natural condition was followed by a renewed clear depression of pineal NAT activity and melatonin content, indicating that the main stimulus is not the inverted magnetic field itself but rather its change. Changing the inclination of the local magnetic field from 63 ° to 58 °, 68 ° or 78 °, respectively also decreased the secretory activity of the rat pineal gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239209
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Motoneuronal and motor axonal innervation in the rat hindlimb: A comparative study using horseradish peroxidase (1983)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 50 (1983), S. 125-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Horseradish peroxidase ; Motoneuron ; Deafferentation ; Rat ; Peripheral nerve
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to validate the horseradish per-oxidase (HRP) technique as a quantitative method for assessing neuronal pools, we compared counts of labeled motoneurons to numbers of corresponding motor axons. Rat spinal motoneurons were labeled by immersing in HRP either the L4 radicular nerve or the normal or deafferented nerve to the tibialis anterior muscle (TA). The technique slightly undervalued the L4 motoneuronal population estimated by counting ventral root motor fibres, while in deafferented TA, counts of labeled neurons closely reflected numbers of motor axons. Measurements of neuron and nerve fibre diameters revealed good correlations of alpha and gamma motor estimates at spinal cord and nerve levels. Values were considered representative because of the approximation obtained in HRP-estimates between control and deafferented animals, indicating no significant damage from the surgical deafferentation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238239
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collateral arterial capacity following acute iliac occlusion in the rat (1983)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 182 (1983), S. 177-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Radioactive microspheres ; Collateral blood flow ; Hyperemia ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of collateral circulation after ligation of the left iliac artery was studied in 46 rats by means of microsphere distribution in muscles of both lower limbs. The radioactive microspheres were injected into the aortic root in the hyperemic phase after 5 min of cuff-induced ischemia of the lower extremities. The hyperemic response to cuff-induced ischemia as well as microsphere distribution between both lower limbs in control animals were studied separately in 23 rats. The largest hyperemic response occurred 15–30s after cuff-induced ischemia. After iliac artery ligation, flow in the thigh increased from 43% of control value 20 min after ligation to 70% after 26 days of recovery. Flow in calf muscles increased correspondingly from 4% to 33%. This study quantifies the capacity of collateral formation following acute iliac artery occlusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01851123
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Central haemodynamics and regional blood flow during halothane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia and controlled ventilation (1983)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 182 (1983), S. 193-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Rat ; Halothane ; Anaesthesia ; Regional blood flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The haemodynamic effects of halothane-N2O/O2 anaesthesia with controlled ventilation were studied in rats, using the microsphere method. Mean arterial blood pressure was significantly reduced but only minor effects on cardiac output (CO), heart rate, and systemic vascular resistance were seen. During anaesthesia, there were significantly increased fractions of CO delivered to brain, lungs, small intestine and liver (hepatic artery), while the fractions to spleen, stomach and carcass were decreased. Fractional distribution and regional blood flow to heart, kidneys, adrenals and preportal area remained unchanged. When anaesthesia was prolonged from 60 to 90 min, no further changes in central or regional haemodynamics were seen. Considering the minor effects on central haemodynamics and the abscense of changes in central and regional haemodynamics at 60 and 90 min, this anaesthesia model should be useful in experimental research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01851708
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of exogenous glucagon on gastric acid secretion, mucosal blood flow, and stress ulcers in the rat: Dose-response results under non-stress conditions and immobilization stress (1983)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 182 (1983), S. 245-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Glucagon ; Rat ; Gastric secretion ; Ulcers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In non-stressed rats and rats stressed by immobilization, gastric secretion (acid, pepsin), mucosal blood flow (MBF), stress ulcers as well as glucose, insulin, and glucagon in blood were studied during 8 h, with and without additional infusion of exogenous glucagon (0.2, 1.4, 9.8 µg/kg/h). Metabolic clearance of glucagon and the disappearance half-time of exogenous glucagon from blood do not differ during zero stress and stress, a fact that favors the assumption of hypersecretion of glucagon as the cause of stress hyperglucagonemia. During stress alone acid secretion (volume, acidity) and MBF are lower than during zero stress; pepsin remains unchanged. Under zero stress condition additionally administered glucagon inhibits pepsin and MBF, but not acid secretion, in a dose-dependent manner. The ulcer index increased without changing the severity of ulcers. During stress the intermediate and highest glucagon doses stimulate MBF and pepsin secretion, other variables remaining unchanged. It is concluded that glucagon effects on functions of the gastric mucosa in the rat vary fundamentally, depending upon the environmental conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01851714
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cell coat of the olfactory epithelium proper and vomeronasal neuroepithelium of the rat as revealed by means of the Ruthenium-red reaction (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 230 (1983), S. 139-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vomeronasal neuroepithelium ; Olfactory epithelium proper ; Cell coat ; Ruthenium red ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The apical cell coat of the olfactory epithelium proper and the vomeronasal neuroepithelium of the rat was investigated electronmicroscopically by means of the Ruthenium-red reaction. In the olfactory epithelium proper, the cilia of receptor cells and microvilli of supporting cells possess a cell coat measuring approximately 10 nm in thickness. In the vomeronasal neuroepithelium, the apical cell coat is thicker than in the olfactory epithelium proper. On microvilli of vomeronasal receptor cells the cell coat varies in thickness from 15 to 20 nm, and on microvilli of supporting cells it measures approximately 75 nm. The functional implications of these findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216034
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capacity of fertilized ova from mature and middle-aged rats to undergo preimplantation development in vitro (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 229 (1983), S. 451-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Preimplantation development ; Rat ; Age
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ability of ova collected from mated middle-aged rats (9–10 months of age) to undergo preimplantation development in vitro was compared to that of younger controls (3–4 months of age). The majority of ova from young rats underwent at least one cleavage division for every 24 h of the 96 h culture period. Seventy-two percent reached the morula/blastocyst stage at the termination of the culture. Aged ova had a reduced capacity to undergo preimplantation development in vitro with the number of fragmented and/or degenerated ova increasing after each day in culture. At the end of the culture period, 81.6% of the ova had degenerated. It is concluded that middle-aged rats ovulate defective ova and that these defective ova account, in part, for the preimplantation losses that characterize middle-aged rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214986
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Depressive effect of LHRH on the numbers of “synaptic” ribbons and spherules in the pineal gland of diestrous rats (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 229 (1983), S. 461-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: LHRH, effect of ; Pineal gland ; Synaptic ribbons ; Synaptic spherules ; Melatonin ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Previous studies have shown that LHRH or LHRH-like substances are present in the pineal gland. In order to investigate whether exogenous LHRH may affect the pineal gland, in the present study the effects of a single dose of LHRH (1 μg, i.p.) on pineal “synaptic” ribbons and spherules as well as serum melatonin levels were examined in diestrous Wistar rats. One hour after the injection both ribbons and spherules exhibited a statistically significant decrease in number. Serum melatonin levels were not affected. It is concluded that humoral feedback mechanisms may exist between the hypothalamus and the pineal gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214988
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved demonstration of exocytotic profiles in glomus cells of rat carotid body after perfusion with glutaraldehyde fixative containing a high concentration of potassium (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 229 (1983), S. 627-637 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Carotid body ; Rat ; Glomus cells ; Exocytosis ; High ; K fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Extensive secretion by exocytosis was demonstrated in the glomus (type I) cells of the adult rat after perfusion of carotid bodies with a potassium-rich (high K) glutaraldehyde fixative. Similar secretory profiles were very rare with a glutaraldehyde fixative containing a low concentration of potassium (low K). The increase in the incidence of exocytotic profiles in glomus cells with the high K fixative was highly significant, whereas no statistical difference could be observed in the incidence of coated pits with the different fixatives. Exocytotic profiles were characterized by the following features: (1) they predominated in non-synaptic regions, but were occasionally observed near synapses between two glomus cells; they were not observed near synapses between glomus cells and nerve terminals; (2) extruded electron-dense material associated with coating of the cell membrane was frequent; (3) different stages of dissolution of the extruded granule material was evident. The possible role of exocytosis as a mode of secretion in the glomus cells and the characteristics of the new high K-glutaraldehyde fixative are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00207702
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural changes rapidly induced by somatostatin may inhibit prolactin release in estrogen-primed rat adenohypophysis (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 232 (1983), S. 21-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Prolactin ; Somatostatin ; Estrogen priming ; Adenohypophysis ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Apart from the known hypothalamic controls, which have been well documented, a myriad of compounds both endogenous and exogenous have proved effective in influencing secretion of prolactin (PRL). Recent studies have shown that somatostatin (SRIF), when injected intra-atrially as a bolus, is able to inhibit PRL secretion in vivo. However, the inhibitory effect of SRIF occurs only in adenohypophyses previously primed with estradiol. This research was undertaken to examine the ultrastructural effects of that inhibition using male Sprague-Dawley rats primed for three weeks with subcutaneous implants of estradiol. Within 2 min of injection of SRIF (1 mg/kg), the adenohypophyses were removed and processed for electron microscopy. We found dramatic changes in the estradiol-primed mammotrophs, including 1) an apparent rearrangement of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) into concentric cisternae, and 2) the appearance of intracellular bodies closely associated with granules. These changes were not observed in non-estradiolprimed male rats injected with SRIF which is consistent with the fact that in the normal male rats, SRIF failed to inhibit PRL secretion. These findings suggest that SRIF causes reorganization of cellular organelles so that PRL granules are sequestered thereby inhibiting secretion of PRL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222371
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental study on the haematogenous origin of multinucleate osteoclasts in the rat (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 125-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Osteoclasts, origin of ; Macrophages ; Sex chromatin (Barr body) ; Ossification ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary When the resorption zones of the distal femoral and proximal tibial epiphyseal plates of rats are examined with the electron microscope, numerous macrophages can be seen surrounding degenerated chondrocytes. Macrophages are also found in the neighbourhood of the invading sinusoids and in close proximity to multinucleate osteoclasts. Cell fusion, however, could not be observed. Repeated transfusions of female leukocytes to isohistogeneic growing male rats caused an increase in the number of nuclei containing a Barr body in the osteoclasts of the males. The result suggests that leukocytes — of which only the monocytes come in question — are the source of multinucleate osteoclasts in endochondral ossification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222237
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  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retrograde axoplasmic transport of neurosecretory material (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 183-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Retrograde transport ; Neurosecretory material ; Neurosecretory granules ; Hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal neurons ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The axonal transport of neurosecretory material was studied in neurosecretory axons of the supraoptico-posthypophyseal system after in-situ transection of the median eminence. Two hours, 8 h, and 18 h after the lesion, both vasopressin and oxytocin antibodies revealed progressive accumulations of immunoreactive material not only in the proximal but also in the distal stumps of the transected axons. The electronmicroscopic examination of these axonal portions revealed that such intense immunopositive labelings could be correlated, in both stumps, to a conspicuous accumulation of neurosecretory granules. It is concluded that, under normal physiological conditions, a significant amount of axoplasmic neurosecretory material is transported in retrograde direction and that such a retrograde transport mainly involves neurosecretory granules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222242
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  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preliminary observations of satellite cells in undamaged fibres of the rat soleus muscle assaulted by a snake-venom toxin (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 230 (1983), S. 671-776 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Satellite cells ; Skeletal muscle ; Snake-venom toxin ; Muscle regeneration ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Satellite cells were studied in the undamaged part of the rat soleus muscle rendered partially necrotic by a subcutaneous injection of notexin, the myotoxic toxin purified from the venom of the Australian snake Notechis scutatus scutatus. Nuclei of satellite cells were twice as numerous as in the controls, with a decreasing gradient in the number of satellite cells with distance from the necrotic area. The cells were in an activated state with an increased cytoplasmic volume and prominent organelles. Occasionally, mitosis of some satellite cells was observed. Between the satellite cell and the muscle fibre, an unusually wide space was frequently seen, within which a “new” basal lamina was often visible. It is suggested that the role of the satellite cells of undamaged muscle fibres in the regeneration of necrotic muscle is worthy of more detailed investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216210
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  • 118
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ontogenetic studies on the topographical heterogeneity of somatostatin-containing neurons in rat hypothalamus (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 347-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Development ; Somatostatin neuron ; Hypothalamus ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ontogeny of the somatostatin-containing neuron system was investigated by light-microscopic immunohistochemistry. During development, immunoreactive somatostatin-containing neurons arise from three discrete regions of the neuroepithelium of the third ventricle and show a chronological difference. The neurons are first evident within the third ventricle floor on day 12.5 of gestation; they move thereafter to the arcuate nucleus. The second generation occurs in the dorsal region of the arcuate nucleus during days 17.5–19.5; these neurons migrate sequentially into the arcuate-ventromedial nuclear region. The third generation is recognized in the neuroepithelial cell layer of the rostral hypothalamus on day 17.5 of gestation; these cells move to the periventricular area. This latter generation is most prominent during days 3–6 after birth, and some of the cells are seen sporadically even up to day 20. The first two generations give rise to the somatostatin neuron system in the arcuate-ventromedial nuclear region, while the latter gives rise to that in the rostral periventricular region in the adult rat hypothalamus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238301
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  • 119
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex differences in adrenocortical structure and function (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 232 (1983), S. 457-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sex differences ; Adrenal cortex ; Rat ; Maturation ; Stereology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This paper reports a stereological study of the cellular aspects of development of the adrenal cortex of male and female rats in the course of maturation. Rats of the Wistar strain were studied at weekly intervals from day 21 to day 77 of postnatal life. From day 42 homogenates of adrenals from female rats produced more corticosterone than homogenates from males of corresponding age. In the strain of rats studied sex differences in adrenal weight appeared at about day 49. From this day onward relative, and subsequently absolute adrenal weights were higher in females than in males. In the course of maturation the total volume of all adrenocortical zones gradually increased. From day 70 the zona glomerulosa and from day 49 the zona fasciculata were larger in female than in male rats, while no distinct sex difference was observed in the volume of the zona reticularis. The appearance of sex-related differences in the adrenal cortex depends mainly on changes in the zona fasciculata, the cells of which markedly increased in volume in female rats by comparison with males. The total number of all adrenocortical cells increased from ca 13 million on day 21 to ca 25 million on day 77 and at all intervals studied adrenal glands of male and female rats contained a similar number of parenchymal cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213800
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  • 120
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical localization of TRH and autoradiographic determination of 3H-TRH-binding sites in the arcuate nucleus-median eminence of the rat (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 228 (1983), S. 475-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: TRH ; Immunocytochemistry ; Autoradiography ; Arcuate nucleus ; Median eminence ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunocytochemical and autoradiographic localization of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-and 3H-TRH-binding sites was studied in the arcuate nucleus-median eminence region of the rat. TRH-like immunoreactivity was found in dense granular vesicles (90–140 nm in diameter) in TRH-like immunoreactive nerve fibers and terminals. In the median eminence, the immunoreactive terminals were observed to be in direct contact with the perivascular basal lamina of the portal vessel and to form synaptoid contacts with tanycytes. In the arcuate nucleus, the immunoreactive terminals were often found to form axosomatic and axo-axonic, and/or axo-dendritic synapses. The uptake of tritiated TRH into the nerve fibers and terminals of the median eminence was also observed by autoradiography and the distribution and localization of silver grains in them were analyzed quantitatively by circle analysis. Thirty minutes after intraventricular infusion of 3H-TRH, radioactive labeling occurred in type-2 and 3-nerve fibers and terminals containing dense granular vesicles in the median eminence. It is therefore suggested that the neurons labeled after 3H-TRH infusion possess certain functions as physiological recognition sites or receptors for TRH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211469
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  • 121
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    The meningeal compartments of the median eminence and the cortex (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 228 (1983), S. 597-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Meningeal compartments ; Median eminence ; Cortex ; CSF-and hemal milieu ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The intervascular segments of the leptomeninges of the rat were studied by the use of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in short-term experiments. HRP was injected (i) intravenously, (ii) into the lateral ventricle, (iii) into the cortex, and (iv) into the meninges. The composition of the meninges covering the median eminence (ME) was analyzed in comparison to the results obtained with the parietal cortex. The meninges covering the cortex show the following pattern of layers and compartments: The intercellular compartment comprises the intercellular clefts of the neuropil, the subpial space, and the intercellular clefts of the leptomeninges. The pial space establishes a second compartment. The third compartment is the arachnoid space. The intercellular clefts of the dura form the fourth compartment. At the border of the ME, the neurothelium and the outer arachnoid layer are rolled up to form a tissue frame around a hollow pit that is covered by a diaphragm consisting of meningeal cells; the latter separate the hemal milieu of the ME from that of the dura. The hemal and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) milieus may communicate to a limited extent only within the subpial space adjacent to the ME. The CSF-containing compartments of the pial and arachnoid spaces terminate at the brain-facing insertion of the tissue frame. According to the present results, an anatomical basis for a short-loop feedback from and to the neurohemal region of the ME via the CSF does not exist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211479
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  • 122
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    Vacuoles in macrophages and reticular cells of regional lymph nodes of the rat after injection of large doses of steroids (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 230 (1983), S. 57-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Rat ; Lymph node ; Steroid ; Reticular cell ; Macrophage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of macrophages and reticular cells of regional lymph nodes of the rat after administration of large doses of cortisone acetate, estrone, progesterone, and cholesterol in aqueous suspensions was investigated. A large number of vacuoles, most of which were surrounded by unit membrane, and lipid droplets not surrounded by unit membrane were observed in the cytoplasm of both macrophages and reticular cells. They were not seen in these cells of control animals and in experimental animals that had received smaller doses of these steroid hormones. After cholesterol injection, many lipid droplets were observed in the cytoplasm of macrophages. These observations suggest that steroids injected in suspension accumulate in macrophages and reticular cells of the regional lymph nodes. Electron-dense material was often present in vacuoles of macrophages but not in those of reticular cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216027
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  • 123
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    Influence of melatonin on the process of protein and/or peptide secretion in the pineal gland of the rat and hamster (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 231 (1983), S. 73-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal organ ; Melatonin ; Pineal protein secretion ; Rat ; Hamster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The hypothesis that melatonin (aMT) is implicated in the regulation of the secretory process involved in the synthesis and release of protein/peptide “hormones” of the pineal organ has been tested in the present study by the use of an in vitro system in two mammalian species. In these species the secretory process studied is characterized by either large (hamster) or very small (rat) numbers of granular vesicles. In both species, aMT clearly participates in the regulation of the process of protein/peptide secretion. However, the effect of aMT varies with the presence of noradrenaline (NA) in the medium and is not identical in both species. Melatonin, in the absence of NA, induces the formation of granular vesicles by the Golgi apparatus in pinealocytes of the rat but not in those of the hamster, while in the presence of NA, aMT provokes a decrease in the number of these vesicles in both species. The present experiments show (i) that the pineal is one of the target organs for aMT, and (ii) that aMT is implicated in the control of protein/ peptide secretion in the pineal organ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215775
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  • 124
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    Ultrastructure of the endometrial blood vessels during implantation of the rat blastocyst (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 229 (1983), S. 269-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Uterus ; Implantation ; Blood vessels ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the blood vessels of the endometrium was analysed during implantation of the blastocyst in rats, at the time of appearance of the Pontamine Blue Reaction. Vessels from implantation sites and from interimplantation sites were compared. In vessels from implantation sites the endothelial cells showed fenestrations covered by diaphragms. In addition, small interruptions (gaps) between the endothelial cells were observed. These features were present in vessels larger than 5 μm in diameter and more than 100 μm away from the uterine epithelium, both in the mesometrial and antimesometrial wall of the endometrium. Vessels from interimplantation sites displayed neither fenestrations nor interruptions. The endothelial cells of the implantation sites displayed morphological signs of metabolic activation. These consisted of increased numbers of polyribosomes, well developed Golgi complexes and prominent nucleoli. The fenestrations and gaps in the vessel wall were interpreted as constituting the morphological basis for the increase in vascular permeability and the consequent edema which characterize the Pontamine Blue Reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214975
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  • 125
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    Complexes of annulate lamellae and nemaline bodies in soleplate nuclei in skeletal muscle fibers of the normal rat (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 231 (1983), S. 337-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Annulate lamellae ; Neuromuscular junction ; Muscles Cell nucleus ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pseudointranuclear inclusions resulting from invaginations of the nuclear envelope, characteristic of myopathic muscles, were found in the soleplate nuclei of normal soleus muscles of rats. Such inclusions had annulate lamellae (AL), nemaline or rod bodies, lamellar structures, a concentric system of membranes, as well as tightly packed sarcoplasmic organelles. An accumulative origin of such included structures was suggested. The AL were sometimes connected directly to the outer membrane enclosing the inclusions, dilated into cisterns and positioned perpendicularly against the nuclear surface. AL, some of which were welldeveloped, were observed in the same loci as above during the course of denervation atrophy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222185
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  • 126
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    Evidence for protein absorption from the lumen of the seminiferous tubule and rete of the rat testis (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 230 (1983), S. 367-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Rat ; Testis ; Protein ; Endocytosis ; Microperfusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary As luminal fluid moves from the seminiferous tubule and enters the rete testis, its protein concentration declines from approximately 6 mg/ml to 1 mg/ml. It was therefore suggested that protein is either 1) utilized by the spermatozoa, 2) transported across the epithelium of the terminal segment of the seminiferous tubule, the tubuli recti or rete testis, or 3) absorbed and degraded by the epithelium. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP), a protein marker, was microperfused into single seminiferous tubules or perfused directly into the rete. After fixation, the HRP was localized histochemically and the tissue observed under the light- and electron microscope. HRP was taken up via pinocytotic vesicles into the cytoplasm of the Sertoli cells and germ cells but did not permeate extracellularly beyond the tight junctions. Similar results were obtained in the cells lining the terminal segment and the tubuli recti. The rete epithelium showed uptake of HRP into coated and noncoated vesicles, while some cells additionally revealed diffuse cytoplasmic distribution of HRP. The terminal segment, tubuli recti, and rete testis may be important routes by which proteins may leave the testicular fluid either to be degraded or to enter the blood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213810
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  • 127
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    Demonstration of a class of porphyrin-containing cells in the pars intermedia of the rat hypophysis (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 232 (1983), S. 257-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pars intermedia ; Rat ; Porphyrins ; Microspectrofluorometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cells emitting orange-red autofluorescence have been found in the pars intermedia of aging rats. The fluorescence maximum of the emission is localized in an area of the spectrum where the most intense band maxima of porphyrins are located. The fluorescence fades when the excitation wavelength is about 400 nm, which is specific (Soret band) for the absorption spectra of porphyrins. The fluorescence is emitted by coarse inclusions in the cytoplasm of a few cells. These inclusions are also stainable with paraldehyde-fuchsin and exibit a high endogenous peroxidase activity. The inclusions observed have morphologic features similar to those of porphyrin-containing astrocytes from the periventricular area of the hypothalamus. The inclusion-bearing cells of the pars intermedia also contain debris that might be due to the phagocytic activity of these cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213785
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  • 128
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    Extracellular matrix vesicles in rat bone after parathyroidectomy (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 228 (1983), S. 451-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Bone matrix vesicles ; Parathyroid hormone ; Mineralization ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The enzymatic activity of bone matrix vesicles from parathyroidectomized rats was determined and compared to the activity of vesicles from sham operated and normal animals. The vesicles were isolated from the alveolar bone by collagenase digestion and differential centrifugation and further purified on a discontinuous sucrose density gradient. The amount of extractable protein and the activity of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and ATPase in the vesicle fractions thus obtained did not differ significantly from the values characteristic of preparations from control rats. It may therefore be suggested that parathyroid hormone depletion and the associated hypocalcemia have no significant effect on the occurrence and phosphatase activity of bone matrix vesicles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211467
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  • 129
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    Pituitary folliculo-stellate cells immunostained with S-100 protein antiserum in postnatal, castrated and thyroidectomized rats (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 231 (1983), S. 235-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland ; S-100 protein ; Castration ; Thyroidectomy ; Postnatal development ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pituitary folliculo-stellate cells and associated cells were studied immunohistochemically throughout the life of male and female rats. The marginal layer cells of the pars distalis and intermedia as well as the folliculo-stellate cells were immunostained with anti-S 100 protein serum. The immunostained folliculo-stellate cells in one section were identified as themselves by their ultrastructural properties on the adjacent section. Corticotrophs, thyrotrophs and prolactin cells, characterized by the stellate shape, were not immunostained with anti-S 100 protein serum. Reactivity for S-100 protein appeared on postnatal Day 6 in the marginal layer cells of the pars intermedia, and appeared on Day 10 in those cells of the pars distalis. No immunostained folliculostellate cells appeared before Day 6, but a few of them appeared on Day 10. Thereafter they increased in number, having more intense immunostaining with advancing age. In castrated rats, the immunostained folliculo-stellate cells appeared quite numerously, with branched cytoplasmic processes surrounding the gonadotrophs. In the thyroidectomized rats, however, folliculo-stellate cells lacked ramified cytoplasmic processes, and their topographic affinity for thyrotrophs was negligible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222177
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  • 130
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    Immunohistochemical identification of neurons containing corticotropin-releasing factor in the rat hypothalamus (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 230 (1983), S. 239-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: CRF neurons ; Hypothalamus ; Immunohistochemistry ; PAP ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A specific rabbit anti-CRF serum and the immunoperoxidase technique were used to show that CRF-containing neurons are mainly distributed in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the rat hypothalamus. In addition, immunoreactive neurons are scattered in other hypothalamic regions. These neurons are 20–30 μm in diameter. From the present and previous investigations it may be concluded that the hypothalamic magnocellular nuclei, i.e., paraventricular and supraoptic, and other hypothalamic accessory nuclei, are the producing sites not only for vasopressin and oxytocin, but also for corticotropin-releasing factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213802
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  • 131
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    Differences in the distributional pattern of CRF-, oxytocin-, and vasopressin-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the median eminence of the rat (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 230 (1983), S. 247-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: CRF ; Oxytocin ; Vasopressin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Median eminence ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Conspicuous differences in the distributional pattern of nerve fibers containing corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) or posterior lobe hormones, respectively, were shown in the median eminence of the adult male rat by means of immunoperoxidase histochemistry, with the use of anti-CRF, anti-oxytocin, and anti-vasopressin sera. In the rostral and central divisions of the median eminence, a high concentration of CRF-immunoreactive nerve fibers was found in the median portion of the external layer; these fibers terminated on the capillary loops of the hypophysial portal system. In the caudal division of the median eminence, the CRF-immunoreactive nerve fibers were located in the median to paramedian portions of the external layer. Numerous oxytocin- and vasopressin-immunoreactive nerve fibers were observed evenly distributed throughout the internal layer of the median eminence. In the external layer, a small number of the oxytocin- and vasopressin-containing nerve fibers was found around the capillary loops, particularly in the median to paramedian portions. The distributional patterns of the CRF and the posterior lobe hormones in the hypothalamo-hypophysial system and their functional interrelationship are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213803
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  • 132
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    6-OHDA-induced ectopia of external granule cells in the subarachnoid space covering the cerebellum (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 230 (1983), S. 309-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neural ectopia ; Cerebellum ; Granule cells ; Development ; 6-Hydroxydopamine ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present report describes the genesis, development and topographical distribution of ectopic cells of the external granular layer in the subarachnoid space covering the rat cerebellum. Following one intracisternal injection to newborn rats of 100 μg 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), the meningeal cells degenerate and are removed by phagocytosis within 24 h post injection (p.i.), leaving the cerebellar cortex without a pia-arachnoid cover. Defects appear in the basal lamina investing the cerebellar cortex 3 to 5 days p.i., and both external granule cells and ‘sprouts’ from Bergmann-glia endfeet grow into the subarachnoid space. The latter form large, flat glial lamellae and cover extensive areas of the denuded cerebellar surface, although they do not form a glial scar over the exposed neuropil of the cerebellar cortex. The numbers of ectopic external granule cells increase within the subarachnoid space both by proliferation and a continuous efflux of cells from the cerebellar cortex. They migrate, aggregate, and ultimately develop into granule, stellate and basket cells, the morphology of which is indistinguishable from their counterparts in situ; they make specific afferent and efferent connections, both among themselves and with the underlying cerebellar cortex and brainstem. The distribution of ectopic external granule cells and their derivatives is restricted to the anterior vermal fissures and the vermal-hemispheric junctions. The present results indicate that external granule cells and their derivatives are capable of both differentiating normally and surviving in the subarachnoid space if they become associated with glial cells and establish synaptic connections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213807
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  • 133
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    Nerve fibers in the gut and pancreas of the rat displaying neuropeptide-Y immunoreactivity (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 230 (1983), S. 487-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptides ; Autonomic nervous system ; Gut innervation ; Neuropeptide Y ; Pancreatic polypeptide ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunoreactive neuropeptide Y (NPY) was demonstrated in neuronal elements in the gut and pancreas of the rat. Immunoreactive endocrine cells could not be detected. The occurrence of NPY containing nerve-cell bodies in the submucosal and myenteric ganglia indicates an intrinsic origin of the NPY fibers. However, an additional extrinsic supply of NPY fibers is suggested by the finding that abdominal sympathectomy caused the disappearance of some NPY fibers, notably those around blood vessels. The distribution of NPY fibers in all layers of the gut wall suggests multiple functions of NPY, including a role in the regulation of intramural neuronal activities, smooth muscle tone, and local blood flow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216194
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  • 134
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    Permeability of the blood-brain barrier in the median eminence during the perinatal period in rats (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 230 (1983), S. 649-660 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamo-hypophysial system ; Capillaries ; Permeability ; Ontogenesis ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An electron microscopic study has been carried out in order to examine the permeability of the blood-brain barrier in the median eminence of perinatal rats. After several minutes, intravascularly injected electron-dense tracers (lanthanum nitrate; horseradish peroxidase, 40000 MW MW: molecular weight , ferritin, 500000 MW) pass the capillary wall, the perivascular space, and become incorporated into neurosecretory axons and basal processes of tanycytes both in fetuses and young rats. In the case of immature capillaries, the materials diffuse freely through the endothelial cells, and to a lesser extent are transferred via occasional plasmalemmal vesicles and fenestrae. As the maturation of capillaries proceeds, their permeability via plasmalemmal vesicles and fenestrae increases considerably due to a gradual rise of the number of these structures. The plasmalemmata of the differentiated endothelial cells become impermeable to all of the tracers. Only ionic lanthanum appears to penetrate through transendothelial channels and intercellular junctions between adjacent endothelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216208
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  • 135
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    Morphometric investigations into the mechanism of the compensatory hypertrophy of the rat adrenal zona fasciculata after unilateral adrenalectomy (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 573-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenalectomy ; Hypophysectomy ; Compensatory adrenal growth ; Rat ; Stereology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining gland in unilaterally adrenalectomized rats was investigated by morphometric techniques. It was observed that compensatory adrenal growth occurred in both dexamethasone-treated and hypophysectomized rats, receiving maintenance doses of ACTH. However, it was only half that found in intact animals. These results support the view that activation of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis is not the unique mechanism underlying adrenal compensatory hypertrophy in the rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218652
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  • 136
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    Distribution and morphological characteristics of the pit cells in the liver of the rat (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 485-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Liver ; Pit cell ; Cytoplasmic granules ; Vesicles ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pit cells, on which almost no further contributions have been presented since the first report by Wisse et al. (1976), are described in detail in the rat liver. These cells show several characteristic features: 1) “rod-cored vesicles”, a new type of vesicular inclusion observed first in our study; 2) electron-dense granules, which we consider to arise from multivesicular bodies by the accumulation of dense material; and 3) well-developed pseudopodia. Although these features clearly differentiate pit cells from conventional lymphocytes, these two cell types display similarities (i) in a number of ultrastructural features, (ii) in the pattern of their intralobular distribution, and (iii) in their presence in the spleen and peripheral blood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212219
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  • 137
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    Bone morphology of weanling rats from dams subjected to fluoride (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 689-691 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Fluoride ; Progeny ; Bone ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Femurs of weanling rats from third-pregnancy litters of dams given 150 ppm fluoride in the drinking water were examined by light- and scanning-electron microscopy. Under the conditions of the experimental procedure, no pathological changes were seen in the femurs as a result of maternal ingestion of fluoride. These results indicate that the amount of fluoride crossing the placenta and mammary gland was insufficient to produce significant morphological changes in the bones of 3-week-old rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212235
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  • 138
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    Ultrastructural characteristics of vasopressin-containing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 125-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vasopressin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Hypothalamus ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vasopressin-containing neurons, identified by immunocytochemistry, are located predominantly in the posterior magnocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus of the rat hypothalamus. By electron microscopy, the immunoreaction product is seen within the cell bodies and neuronal processes. In the perikarya and dendritic processes, the immunoreactive material is associated primarily with neurosecretory granules. Axonal processes, identified by their content of microtubules and accumulation of neurosecretory granules, show the immunoreaction product in association with both of these organelles. Afferent axo-dendritic, axo-somatic and putative axo-axonic synapses with immunostained vasopressinergic neurons can be identified. The presynaptic profiles do not contain immunoreactive material. This study contributes to the ultrastructural characterization of vasopressinergic neurons in the paraventricular nucleus and of their afferent synaptic input.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217406
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  • 139
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    Light- and electron-microscopic study on the maturation of the primary portal plexus during the perinatal period in rats (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 179-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamo-hypophysial system ; Capillaries ; Ontogenesis ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The maturation of the capillaries of the primary portal plexus in rats during the perinatal period has been studied lightand electronmicroscopically. The number of capillaries covering the median eminence and of those invading the nervous tissue (capillary loops) increases significantly with age. Capillary loops were observed as early as the 18th fetal day. The mitotic divisions of the endothelial cells within the preexisting capillaries seem to be the main reason for the vascular growth. Immature capillaries with a characteristic narrow lumen are surrounded by a fuzzy basal lamina; their wall is formed by a generally expanded endothelium with rather sparse organelles and inclusions, and by minute flattened areas. The maturation of the capillary results in a progressive spread of flattened endothelium followed by an enlargment of the capillary lumen. Moreover, a rising concentration of organelles and inclusions, relatively numerous luminal microvilli, and a dense and uniform basal lamina become noticeable as capillary differentiation proceeds. These data are thought to reflect the progressive increase in the metabolic activity of the endothelium as well as the establishment of capillary patency during the perinatal period of rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217411
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  • 140
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    Stereochemische Untersuchungen heterocyclischer Verbindungen. XII. Kristall- und Molekülstruktur von 1-(2-Amino-1-cyano-2-thio-ethylen)pyridiniumyliden (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 261-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Stereochemical Investigations of Heterocyclic Compounds. XII. Structural Investigations of 1-(2-Amino-1-cyano-2-thio)ethene Pyridinium YlidesTwo isomerization processes were found by 1H-d-n. m. r. characterized by ΔG* = 67 ± 4 KJ/mol for E- Z-isomerization and ΔG* = 46 ± 5 KJ/mol for the hindered rotation of the pyridine substituent in 1a. The structure of 1b was solved by direct method. Crystals are monoclinic space group P21/n, a = 13.682(3), b = 9.452(1), C = 19.713(6) Å, β = 96.42(2)°, V = 2533.3 Å3, Dx = 1.328 Mg · m-3, Z = 8. Both E- and Z-isomeres of 2b are found in the crystal lattice. The amino—C distance with 1.369 (1,387) Å is shorter than the theoretical single bond distance. The formal —C=C— double bond with 1.377 (1.391) Å is considerably longer than 1.337 Å observed in the some alkenes.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250212
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  • 141
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    Oxidation von einigen Alkyl- und Alkenylferrocenen mit Bis (triphenylsilyl)-Chromat(VI) (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 341-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Oxidation of Some Alkyl- and Alkenylferrocenes by Bis(triphenylsilyl) Chromate (VI)In vorangehenden Mitteilungen [1-3] haben wir über die Oxidation von primären und sekundären Alkoholen mit Ferrocenyl-Substituenten mittels Bis(triphenylsilyl)-chromat(VI) in aprotischen Lösungsmitteln berichtet. Dabei konnte keine Oxidation des Ferrocens zum Ferricenium-Kation beobachtet werden. Die Reaktionen verlaufen selektiv und führen mit hohen Ausbeuten zur Bildung der entsprechenden Carbonylverbindungen. In dieser Mitteilung sind die Ergebnisse unserer bisherigen Untersuchungen zur Oxidation von Alkyl- und Alkenylferrocenen mit Bis(triphenylsilyl)-chromat(VI) unter ähnlichen Reaktionsbedingungen zusammengefaßt.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250224
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    Tensid-Taschenbuch. Hrsg. Dr. HELMUT STACHE. 2. Ausgabe, 1000 S., 175 Abb., etwa 202 Tab. 12,5 × 20 cm. München und Wien: Carl Hanser Verlag 1981. Kunststoff, 178-DM. (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 350-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250226
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  • 143
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    Autorenkollektiv unter Federführung von Pritzkow, W.: Autoxidation von Kohlenwasserstoffen. 183 S., 28 Formelschemata, 21 Tab., 14.8 × 22 cm. Leipzig: VEB Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoff-industrie 1981. (Technische Fortschrittsberichte, Band 65) Leinen, 25,-M (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 351-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250227
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  • 144
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    Die Bestimmung der Optischen Reinheit an Zwischenprodukten der Prostaglandinsynthese mit Hilfe der NMR-SpektroskopieProstaglandine und Prostaglandinvorstufen X. IX. Mitt. S. SCHWARZ, G. WEBER u. H. SCHICK, J. prakt. Chem., in Vorbereitung.Auszugsweise vorgetragen auf dem Symposium on the Analysis of Steroids in Eger, VR Ungarn 20.-22. Mai 1981 (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 345-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Determination of Enantiomeric Purity of Intermediates for Prostaglandins by N. M. R. SpectroscopyIm Rahmen einer Prostaglandinsynthese waren chirale Ringschlüsselprodukte durch mikrobielle Transformation gewonnen worden [1]. Zur vollständigen Charakterisierung dieser Ringschlüssel-produkte war die Kenntnis ihrer optischen Reinheit unerläßlich. Wir haben für diese Untersuchungen die 1H-NMR-Spektroskopie unter Verwendung eines chiralen Verschiebungsreagenzes eingesetzt.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250225
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  • 145
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    Johnson, K. J.: Numerical methods in chemistry. Lagowski, J. J., Department of Chemistry, The Universit. 503 S., 39 Abb., 14 Tab., New York and Basel: Marcel Dekker, Inc 1980. (Undergraduate Chemistry, V. 7) (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 352-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250228
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  • 146
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    Reactions with 3,1-Benzoxazin-4-ones. II. Behaviour of 6,8-dibromo-2-methyl-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one towards Friedel-Craft and Grignard reactions (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 417-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaktionen mit 3,1-Benzoxazin-4-onen. II. Verhalten von 6,8-Dibrom-2-methyl-3,1-benzoxazin-4-on in Friedel-Craft's und Grignard-Reaktionen6,8-Dibrom-2-methyl-benzoxazin-4-on (1) reagiert mit verschiedenen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen unter Friedel-Crafts-Bedingungen zu O-Acetylaminobenzophenon-Derivaten 2.Die Reaktion von 1 mit Organomagnesiumhalogeniden führt durch Addition von einem Mol des Reagenzes zu den Ketonen 2 und 5 bzw. durch Addition von zwei Mol zu den Carbinolen 4. Diese unterliegen in einigen Fällen einer gleichzeitigen Dehydratisierung, die zu den Benzoxazin-Derivaten 6 führt.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250310
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  • 147
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    Elektrochemische Oxydation organischer Verbindungen in Fluorsulfonsäure. IV. Voltammetrische Untersuchungen zur Bildung und zum anodischen Verhalten einiger Benzylkationen und Arenium-Ionen (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 405-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electrochemical Oxidation of Organic Compounds in Fluorosulfuric Acid. IV. Voltammetric Investigation of the Formation and of the Anodic Behaviour of Some Benzyl Cations and Arenium IonsThe anodic behavior of a series of benzylic alcohols, ethers or acetates 1-10, benzyl cyanides 11-21 and aromatic hydrocarbons 22-35 is investigated by cyclic voltammetry in fluorosulfuric acid at -76°C. The oxidation of the benzyl cations ArCH+2 formed from a part of the benzylic compounds leads at potentials by 0,7 to 0.8 V more positive than those of the neutral compounds with addition of SO3F- to stable cation radicals ArCH2OSO2F+. In a further oxidation step another CH3-group is functionalized to CH2OSO2F. The anodic peak potentials of the arenium ions are by about 1.1 V more positive than those of the nonprotonated hydrocarbons. The dissociation equilibrium of ArCH2OSO2F und the protonation equilibrium of the hydrocarbons are discussed in terms of the donor ability of the aromatic compounds at borderline cases.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250309
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  • 148
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    Analytische Probleme der Reaktion zwischen polymergebundenen Phosphinen und Methyliodid (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 429-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Analytical Problems of the Reaction between Polymer Supported Phosphino Groups and Methyl IodideA series of different crosslinked styrene-divinylbenzene-copolymers bearing diphenyl phosphinomethyl groups was reacted with methyl iodide in ethanol. The quaternization has been controlled by elementary analysis of P and I and by ir spectroscopy using a key band at 1123/cm. The spectroscopic method gave satisfactory results with sample amounts of 5 mg polymer in KBr discs. In resins containing up to 7% divinylbenzene the methylation was almost quantitative within 1 h refluxing. However, in highly crosslinked polymers ( 〉 10% DVB) containing residues of free chloromethyl groups and intraresin quaternized phosphino groups we observed side reactions in boiling ethanol. These could be avoided by performing the methylation in toluene at room temperature.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250312
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  • 149
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    α-Substituierte Phosphonate. 43. Synthese und Reaktivität von 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisochinolin-1-phosphonaten (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 437-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: α-Substituted Phosphonates. 43. Synthesis and Reactivity of 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisochinolin-1-phosphonatesN-Alkyl- and N-arylsubstituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisochinolin-1-phosphonates 1 have been synthesized from the corresponding 3,4-dihydroisochinoliniumbromides 7 and triethyl-phosphite. The N-unsubstituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisochinolin-1-phosphonate 10 is available starting from the 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisochinolin-1-phosphonic acid by esterification with triethylformate and splitting off the formyl group of the primarily formed N-formyl derivative 14. - N-Quarternated tetrahydroisochinolines 19 and the 1-phosphorylated derivatives 17, respectively react with triethyl-phosphite in an unexpected way by dealkylation and not by splitting off the isochinolinring. - By Horner-synthesis with 1 the 1-aralkylidene-isochinolines 23 are available in moderate yields.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250313
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  • 150
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    Photochemische Primärprozesse von Xanthenfarbstoffen. II. Blitzlichtspektroskopische Untersuchungen zum Einfluß von anionischen Mizellen auf die photochemischen Primärprozesse von SelenopyroninHerrn Professor Dr. sc. nat. Dr. wiss. e. h. H.-J. Bittrich zum 60. Geburtstage gewidmet (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 446-456 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photochemical Primary Processes of Xanthene Dyes. II. Investigations of the Influence of Anionic Micelles on the Primary Processes of Selenopyronine by Flash ExcitationIn aqueous solutions containing anionic micelles, the dye cations of selenopyronine are present at the micellar surface. If the concentration of the dye ions is much lower than the concentration of micelles, only monomolecular triplet decay (k1aM = 2 · 10-3s-1) is observed. Under these conditions, the half-oxidized and half-reduced form of selenopyronin is not formed. If the concentration of the dye ions is much higher than the concentration of micelles, two or more dye ions are present at every micelle, and a fast bimolecular decay of the triplet state during the flash is observed. The quenching of the triplet state with p-benzoquinone (k7aM = 1,9 · 109 l/mol s), DABCO (k10aM = 1,6 · 107 l/mol s) and EDTA (k11aM = 1,3 · 105 l/mol s) and the decay processes of the half-reduced and half-oxidized form in the micellar solution are investigated.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250314
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  • 151
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    Zum Konformationsverhalten isomerer Phenylpyrimidine  -  Molekül- und Kristallstruktur von 5-Chlor-2-(4-n-hexyloxyphenyl)-pyrimidin (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 489-495 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: On the Conformational Behaviour of Isomeric Phenyl Pyrimidines  -  Molecular and Crystal Structure of 5-Chloro-2-(4-n-hexyloxyphenyl)-pyrimidineThe title compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with a = 979.6(1) pm, b = 1048.8(3) pm, c = 1629.9(1) pm, α = 89.51(1)°, β = 100.62(1)°, γ = 71.50(1)° and four molecules per unit cell. The structure has been solved by direct methods and refined to a final R value of 0.058. The molecules adopt a fully stretched and nearly planar form and show a parallel arrangement in the crystal lattice. The results are discussed in relation to the conformational and mesomorphic behaviour of isomeric substituted phenyl pyrimidines.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250319
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    Reactions of [2.2]paracyclophanes in melts. I. Reaction of [2.2]Paracyclophane-4,5,12,13-tetra-carboxylic Acid Dianhydride with phenylacetic acid and N-aryl carbamates (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 496-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaktionen von [2.2]Paracyclophanen in Schmelzen. I. Reaktion von [2.2]Paracyclophan-4,5,12,13-tetracarbonsäuredianhydriden mit Phenylessigsäure und N-ArylcarbamatenThe parent hydrocarbon [2.2] paracyclophane (1) exhibits transanular electronic interaction and the two benzene rings behave as dependent π system towards the chemical reactions [1a-c]. We wish to study the effect of transanular electronic interaction on the chemical behaviour of the an hydride moity in 2[2a-d]. It has been reported that 2 is less reactive in comparison with phthalic anhydride, since an attempted conversion of 2 into a tetraester failed [2b] The reaction in melts between phtahlic anhydride, pryomillitic acid dianhydride (3) and carbamates yields the corresponding imides [3].
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250320
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  • 153
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    A New Synthesis of 2- and 4-Cyclopropyl Pyridine (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 517-520 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Eine neue Synthese für 2- und 4-Cyclopropylpyridine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250324
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  • 154
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    Über die katalysierte Flüssigphasenoxidation von cis- und trans- β-Methylstyren (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 521-523 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Catalyzed Liquid-Phase Oxidation of cis- and trans-β-Methylstyrene
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250325
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  • 155
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    Winter, J. H: Chemische Syntheseplanung in Forschung und Industrie. 215 S., 43 abb., 16,5 × 24cm Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer -Verlag 1982. Pappe, 18,80DM (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 525-525 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250327
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  • 156
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    Schmitz, E: Organische Zwischenprodukt. 179.S., 1tab., 2Schemata. Berlin: Academie Verlag 1982 (Wissenschaftliche Taschenbücher, Chemie, Bd. 277)8,-M (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 524-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250326
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  • 157
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    Kinetische Untersuchungen über die Autoxidation von Olefinen (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 545-550 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Kinetic Studies on the Autoxidation of OlefinsThe oxidabilities \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {{{\rm k}_{\rm p} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{\rm k}_{\rm p} } {\sqrt {2{\rm k}_{\rm t} } }}} \right.\kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\sqrt {2{\rm k}_{\rm t} } }} $\end{document} at 50°C were determined for 37 olefins, using chlorobenzene as the solvent and azodiisobutyronitril as the initiator. In the group of acyclic aliphatic olefins the oxidability rises with increasing number of alkyl groups bound to the double bond. This is also true for cyclic olefins, but in this case the ring size has also a great influence on the oxidability. So the oxidability decreases from five-ring to eight-ring cycloolefins. Particularly high oxidabilities are found in the case of olefins in which a phenyl group is attached directly to the C—C-double bond.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250404
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  • 158
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    3-α-Bromacetyl-cumarine als Synthesebausteine für Heterocyclisch substituierte Cumarine (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 551-560 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 3-α-Bromacetyl-coumarines as Synthones for Heterocyclic Substituted Coumarines3-α-Bromacetyl-coumarines 2 react easily and in high yields with thiourea and thioamide derivatives 3 and 5, resp., to 4-coumar-3′-yl-thiazoles 4 and 6, resp., as well as with N,N-disubstituted thioamides 11 and N,N,N′,N′-tetraalkylthiourea 12 to 5-coumar-3′-yl-oxathioliumsalts 13 and 14, respectively. In a two-step reaction 2 can be transformed by reaction with aniline 17 to 4-coumar-3′-yl-imidazoles 21 and 5-coumar-3′-yl-oxazoliumsalts 22, resp., via aminoketone intermediates 18.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250405
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  • 159
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    Konfigurative Zuordnung über sterisch definierte Epoxidringe. VIIIVII. Mitt.: F. FISCHER u. H. KOCH, Chem. Ber. 99, 2000 (1966).. Glycidonitrile. I. Synthese von 4-Aryl-1-oxaspiro(2,5)octan-2-nitrilen und 4-Aryl-1-oxaspiro(2,5)octan-2-carbonsäureestern (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 561-573 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Determination of Configurations by the Aid of Sterically Corresponding Epoxides. VIII. Glycidic Nitriles. I. Synthesis of 4-Aryl-1-oxaspiro(2,5)octane-2-nitriles and 4-Aryl-1-oxaspiro(2,5)octane-2-carboxylic Acid Methyl EstersThe condensation of 2-aryl-cyclohexan-1-ones (1-5) with ClCH2CN or ClCH2CO2CH3 at 80°C in the presence of NaH and in dimethoxyethane yields the corresponding glycidic nitriles and the glycidic esters, respectively. The configuration and the preferred conformation of the two isomeric 1-oxaspiro-[2,5]octane derivatives (12 A and 12 B) formed have been determined by 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy. Some earlier results from BOEKELHEIDE and SCHILLING and from SCHWARTZMAN and WOODS have been corrected.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250406
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  • 160
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    Partialsynthesen von Cardenoliden und Cardenolid-Analogen. VI. (20R)- und (20S)-CardanolideAuszugsweise vorgestellt auf der internationalen Konferenz über Heilpflanzen, Marienbad, 21.-25. April 1975; sowie auf dem Symposium über Synthese, Biochemie und Wirksamkeit potentieller Arzneimittel, Warnemünde, 3.-5. Nov. 1975. (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 574-586 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Partial Syntheses of Cardenolides and Cardenolide Analogues. VI. (20R)- and (20S)-Cardanolides(20R)-Dihydrodigitoxigenin (2) and (20S)-dihydrodigitoxigenin (4) as well as their 3-acetates 3 and 5, respectively, were synthesized by catalytic hydrogenation of the appropriate cardenolides and separation by column chromatography on silica of the mixtures of stereoisomers. Hydroxymethylation of 3 and 5 followed by selective elimination yielded (20S)- and (20R)-14-hydroxy-22-methylene-5β,14β-cardanolide 3-acetate (10 and 16), respectively.The biological activities of the synthesized 20-stereoisomeric cardanolides are investigated and discussed. Cardanolides 10 and 16 have a strong inhibitory activity on the proliferation of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells in suspension culture.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250407
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    Partialsynthesen von Cardenoliden und Cardenolid-Analogen. VII. Synthese A/B-cis- und C/D-cis-verknüpfter Steroidmono- und -bis(α-methylen-γ-butyrolactone)Auszugsweise vorgestellt, auf der First International Conference on Chemistry and Biotechnology of Biologically Active Natural Products, Varna, 21.-26. Sept. 1981. (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 587-598 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Partial Syntheses of Cardenolides and Cardenolide Analogues. VII. Synthesis of A/B-cis- and C/D-cis-linked Steroidal Mono- and Bis (α-methylene-γ-butyrolactones)The synthesis of A/B-cis- and C/D-cis-linked steroidal mono- and bis(α-methylene-γ-butyrolactones) 10-13, 18 and 24 by Reformatsky-type reaction of 3β-acetoxy-14-hydroxy-5β, 14β-androstan-17-one( 6), 14-hydroxy-5β, 14β-androstane-3,17-dione (8), 3β-acetoxy-14-hydroxy-5β,14β-pregnan-20-one (17) and 14-hydroxy-5β,14β-pregnane-3,20-dione (23), respectively, with ethyl α-(bromomethyl)acrylate is described. All steroidal lactones exhibit strong inhibitory activity on the proliferation of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells in suspension culture. For inhibitory activity the lactone moiety at C-17 of the steroid molecule is more important than the lactone moiety at C-3 and C-20, respectively.
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    Partialsynthesen von Cardenoliden und Cardenolid-Analogen. IX. Cardenolidderivate mit einer ungesättigten Aldehydfunktion am Lactonring (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 607-611 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Partial Syntheses of Cardenolides and Cardenolide Analogues. IX. Cardenolide Derivatives with an Unsaturated Aldehyde Function at the Lactone RingOxidation of 22-allyl-digitoxigenin-3-acetate [1] and 22-allyl-digitoxin (4) with selenium dioxide resulted in the introduction of an oxygen function into the unsaturated C-22 substituent of the cardenolide molecule. The isolated compounds were the 22-(3′-oxo-prop-1′-en-1′-yl)-derivatives 3 and 6 of 1 and 4, respectively. The molecular biological activity of 3 was estimated to be about six times higher than that of the parent compound 1.
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    Partialsynthesen von Cardenoliden und Cardenolid-Analogen. VIII. Lactonring-alkylierte CardenolideAuszugsweise vorgetrangen auf der Hauptjahrestagung der Chemischen Gesellschaft der DDR, Karl-Marx-Stadt, 2.-4. Dezember 1980; B. STRECKENBACH, I. SÜMNICH, R. SCHWENSOW, Wirtsch.-Pat. (DDR) 0154 898 (1980) (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 599-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Partial Syntheses of Cardenolides and Cardenolide Analogues. VIII. Lactone Ring-Alkylated CardenolidesBase-catalyzed alkylation of digitoxigenin (1), digitoxin (2), digoxigenin (3), and gitoxigenin-3,16-diacetate (4) with allyl bromide, allyl chloride or n-propyl bromide in DMF resulted in the formation of the 22-allyl-, 21ξ,22-diallyl-, 22-propyl-, and 21ξ,22-dipropyl-derivatives 5-14, respectively.The determination of the molecular biological activity of the derivatives yielded valuable information.
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  • 164
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    Elektrochemische Oxidation organischer Verbindungen in Fluorsulfonsäure. V. Anodisches Verhalten aromatischer Nitroverbindungen, Nitrile, Amine, Acetamide und Oxime (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 612-626 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electrochemical Oxidation of Organic Compounds in Fluorosulfuric Acid. V. Anodic Behaviour of Aromatic Nitrocompounds, Nitriles, Amines, Acetamides, and OximesThe anodic behaviour of a series of methyl substituted nitrobenzenes, benzonitriles, aniline derivatives, acetanilides and acetophenone oximes was investigated by cyclic voltammetry at platinum electrodes in HSO3F at -76°C. With the exception of the parent compounds and partly of the monomethyl derivatives relatively stable cation radicals could be detected. In a second anodic wave in many cases the functionalization of a CH3-group to CH2-OSO2F took place. From a comparison of the peak potentials and from the dependence of the voltammetric curves on the scan rate follows that the aniline derivatives are oxidized without deprotonation of the -NH3+ group, whereas for the nitrocompounds, nitriles and acetanilides a deprotonation of the functional group is coupled with the oxidation, and the cation radicals are stable onyl in the deprotonated state. A kinetic study of the subsequent reaction of some nitrocompounds was made and the deviating behavior of some acetanilides was found to be due to the anodic dimerization to benzidine derivatives.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    Über die Pyrolyse von Pent-1-en-4,4,5,5,5-d5 (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 699-707 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: On the Pyrolysis of Pent-1-ene-4,4,5,5,5-d5The distribution of deuterium in the main products of thermal decomposition of pent-1-ene-4,4,5,5,5-d5 at 550 to 650°C was studied and interpreted. The results include conclusions on kinetic isotope effects, on relative reactivities of different C-H-bonds, on the proportion of terminal and nonterminal addition of methyl radicals, and on the importance of a radical isomerisation reaction. It was shown that the molecular decomposition (Retro-En-Reaction) cannot successfully compete with the radical way in the temperature range above 600°C
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250504
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  • 166
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    Pyryliumverbindungen. XVIII, 2-Alkoxy-2H-pyrane aus tetra- und pentasubstituierten Pyryliumsalzen (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 729-741 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Pyrylium Compounds. XVIII. 2-Alkoxy-2H-pyrans from Tetra- and Pentasubstituted Pyrylium SaltsAlkali alkoxides add regioselectively to 2,3,4,6-tetrasubstituted pyrylium salts 7 (R'= H), affording high yields of colourless crystalline 2-alkoxy-2H-pyrans 9. The latte are also formed simply on refluxing 7 in the corresponding alcohol with triethylamine as proton acceptor. 3,5-Dialkylsubstituted 2,4,6-triarylpyrylium salts react analogously. The 2H-pyran structure of the adducts obtained follows from their n.m.r., i.r., u.v. and mass spectra as well as from their reaction with tetracyanoethylene to cycloadducts of type 10. Acids regenerate from 9 the original pyrylium cations, whereas reaction of 9 with nitromethane or ethyl cyanoacetate provides benzene derivatives. -- The novel starting pyrylium salts 7b--o are characterized by u.v./vis data and by transformation into the corresponding pyridine derivatives
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 167
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    Zum Konformationsverhalten substituierter Benzoesäurephenylester - Molekül- und Kristallstruktur der nematogenen Verbindung 4-n-Pentoxybenzoesäure-4′-(ß-cyanethyl)-phenylester (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 742-752 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: On the Conformational Behaviour of Substituted Phenylbenzoates - Molecular and Crystal Structure of the Nematogenic Compound 4′-(ß-Cyanoethyl)-phenyl-4-n-pentoxybenzoateThe title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 1567.6(2) pm, b = 915.5(1) pm, c = 1459.1(1) pm, β = 115.30(1)°, and four molecules per unit cell. The structure has been solved by direct methods and refined to R = 0.104. The molecules adopt a markedly stretched form and show a parallel arrangement of their long axes in the crystal lattice. The molecular and crystal structure is discussed in relation to the mesomorphic behaviour of the compound.A theoretical conformational analysis has been performed for the isolated phenylbenzoate molecule using the EPEN/2 method, its results are compared with the experimental torsion angles in a series of substituted phenylbenzoates.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 168
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    Photoinduzierte Zersetzung von Aryldiazoniumsalzen durch MetalloxalateLichtinitiierte Polymer- und Polymerisationsreaktionen 8. Mitteilung. 7. Mitteilung: siehe Lit.-Stelle dieser Arbeit (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 753-763 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photoinduced Decomposition of Arene Diazonium Salts by Metal OxalatesArene diazonium salts were decomposed by the irradiation of K3[Fe(oX)3] and K3 [Co(ox)3]. The dediazonation is caused by electron transfer reactions between ·CO-2 and in the case of the former complex also by [Fe(ox)2]2- -species. As intermediates aryl radicals were found by spin trapping with nitroso durene. The dediazonation quantum yields (0,15--1,21) depend on the reduction potentials of the salts and on the oxalate concentration. By electron acceptor substituted diazonium salts the values are the same as those of the K3[Fe(ox)3]-actinometer. In the case of p-dialkylaminobenzene diazonium salt-types an electron transfer takes places with ·CO-2 only whereas the reaction with [Fe(ox)2]2- is neglectable. A Hammett-correlation for the electron transfer of Fe(II)-species with a ϱ-value of 1.7 was found. The investigated systems are efficient initiators of the photopolymerization.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250509
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    Konfigurative Zuordnung über sterisch definierte Epoxidringe. XIX. Mitt. und gleichzeitig II. Mitt. Glycidonitrile, F. FISCHER u. P. PALITZSCH, Z. Chem. 22, 408 (1982). Glycidonitrile. III. Synthese von 4α-Aryl-2-methyl-1α-oxaspiro(2,5)octan-2-nitrilen (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 835-841 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Determination of Configurations by the Aid of Sterically Corresponding Epoxides. X. Glycidic Nitriles. III Synthesis of 4α-Aryl-2-methyl-1α-oxaspiro(2.5)octane-2-nitrilesThe condensation of 2-aryl-cyclohexanones 1a--d with α-chloropropionitrile at 80° in presence of NaH and in dimethoxyethane yields the corresponding glycidic nitriles. The configuration and the conformation of the C-2-isomeric 4α-aryl-2-methyl-1α-oxaspiro[2.5]octane-2-nitriles 3b--e have been analysed. The ratio of the resulting C-2-isomeric glycidic nitriles has been determined.
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    Säurekatalysierte Umsetzungen von Aromaten mit Alkanen und Cycloalkanen. X. Alkylierungen mit Cyclohexan (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 823-834 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Acid-catalyzed Reactions of Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Alkanes and Cycloalkanes. X. Alkylations with CyclohexaneThe complex reaction mixtures of the nonconventional alkylation of benzene with cyclohexane in the presence of Lewis/proton acids and promotors were investigated by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Four representative groups of hydrocarbons were found including cycloalkylbenzenes, substituted indanes or tetralines (C12H16), C1-C6-alkylbenzenes and isomeric biscycloalkyls (C12H22). Their formation is interpreted as a competition between alkylation, (without or with isomerization), ringfission with cycloalkylation or fragmentation, and self-alkylation; phenylcycloalkylcations and phenylalkylcations are the intermediates.
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    Synthesis of Some, N-Methylimidazo[4,5-d]cycloheptatrien-6-ones (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 853-856 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthese von einigen N-Methylimidazo[4,5-d]cycloheptatrien-6-ones
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250519
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    d-NMR-Untersuchungen der behinderten Rotation am N-C(X)-Bindungsfragment. XVI 1. Abhängigkeit der Rotationsbarriere vom Bindungstyp in MonothiocarbamatenTeil der voraussichtlichen Dissertation von D. THOMZIK (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 857-862 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: d-N.M.R.-Investigations of the Restricted Rotation at the N-C(X)-Bonding Fragment. XVI. Dependence of the Rotational Barrier on the Bonding Type of Monothiocarbamates
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    Reactions with 2-Methyl-6-phenylthiazolo(3,2-b)-s-triazol-3(2H)-one and 7-Phenylthiazino(3,2-b)-s-triazol-4(2H,3H)-one (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 869-875 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaktionen mit 2-Methyl-6-phenylthiazolo (3,2-b)-s-triazol-3(2H)-on und 7-Phenylthiazino (3,2-b)-s-triazol-4(2H, 3H)-on
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250522
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    Vereinfachte Darstellung von α-Chlor- und β-Chlor-α-cyanzimtsäurenitrilen (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 876-879 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Simplified Syntheses of α-Chloro Cinnamonitriles and β-Chloro-α-cyano Cinnamonitriles
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250523
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    1,2,3-Triazabutadiene. XVIIXVI. Mitt., S. SIMOVA, E. FANGHÄNEL u. R. RADEGLIA, Org. Magn. Reson. 21, 163 (1983). NMR-spektroskopische Charakterisierung von 1-Phenyl-3-[3-n-butylbenzthiazolin-2-yliden]-triazen und den Vorprodukten Phenylsenföl, N-Phenylthioharnstoff, 2-Aminobenzthiazol sowie 3-N-(n-Butyl)-2-iminobenzthiazolin (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 863-868 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1,2,3-Triazabutadienes. XVII. N.M.R.-Spectroscopic Characterization of 1-Phenyl-3[3-n-butyl-benzthiazolin-2-yliden]-triazene and its Precursors Phenylisothiocyanate, N-Phenyl-thiourea, 2-Aminobenzthiazole and 3-N-(n-Butyl)-2-iminobenzthiazoline
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250521
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    Bremser, W.; Franke,; B.; Wagner. H.: Chemical Shift Ranges in Carbon-13NMR Spectroscopy. XVIII, 891 S, 18 Abb., 17×28 cm Weinheim, Deerfield Beach, Basel: Verlag Chemie 1982. Leinen 220,-DM (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 880-880 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250524
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    Masthead (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250601
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    1H-NMR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen an substituierten Crotonsäure- und Dithiocrotonsäureestern (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 919-926 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1H-NMR Spectroscopical Investigations on Substituted Crotonates3-Amino-2-cyanocrotonates 2 and -dithiocrotonates 3 have been characterized by n.m.r. spectroscopy. The data obtained are compared with those of acrylates 1. The COOR and CSSR groups are investigated with respect to their electron withdrawing effect and formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds.
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    1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions between some C-aryl nitrogen oxides with electron-deficient dipolarophils (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 908-914 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Both C-(2-methylphenyl)-N-phenyl and C-(3-methylphenyl)-N-phenyl nitrones (1a, b) reacted with N-phenylmaleinimide and fumaronitrile to give the normal primary cycloadducts. The reaction of the two nitrones (1a, b) with 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione and diacetylacetylene afforded rearrangement products. The unexpected 1,3,4-oxadiazolidin-2-ones were isolated from reaction with phenylisocyanate. In contrast, tetracyanoethylene forms charge-transfer complexes with both nitrones instead of cycloaddition products. The structural elucidation of the reaction products was made on the bases of the elemental analysis as well as i.r. and 1H-n.m.r. spectral data.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    Eine einfache Synthese von β-Chlorzimtsäurenitrilen nach einer modifizierten Vilsmeier-Haack-Arnold-Reaktion (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 915-918 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A Simple Synthesis of β-Chlorocinnamonitriles by a Modified Vilsmeier-Haack-Arnold-ReactionA simple one-pot synthesis of β-chloro-cinnamonitriles 2 can be achieved by treating acetyl arenes 1 first with formamide chlorides and subsequently with hydroxyl amine hydrochloride. The formamide chlorides used are conveniently prepared from an excess of dimethyl formamide and phosphoryl chloride. However it is also possible to employ other N,N-disubstituted formamides or acid chlorides, respectively. For comparison purposes β-chloro-cinnamonitriles 2 have also been synthesized in a two-step process. Thus 3-aryl-3-chloro-(2)-iminium salts 4 are reacted with hydroxyl amine hydrochloride giving rise to 3-chloro-cinnamic aldoximes 5. The latter compounds are dehydrated to the corresponding nitriles 2 by refluxing in acetic anhydride following a known procedure.
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    Synthese des 2-Desalkyl-cyclols vom ErgotamintypAbkürzungen nach den Regeln der IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature: Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 348, 256 (1967); J. Biol. Chem. 247, 977 (1972); ferner bedeutet DCC = Dicyclohexylcarbodiimid; HOBt = 1-Hydroxybenzotriazol; Gly(OH) = Hydroxyglycyl (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 927-935 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Synthesis of the 2-Desalkylcyclol of the Ergotamine-TyperBenzyloxycarbonyl-S-seryl-S-phenylalanyl-S-proline-p-nitrophenylester is synthesized by an improved route and oxidized by lead-tetraacetate to a mixture of the two diastereomeric (RSS, SSS) benzyloxycarbonyl-hydroxyglycyl-phenylalanyl-proline-p-nitrophenyl-esters. Treatment of this mixture with an aqueous potassium tartrate solution provides two epimeric cyclols (2-benzyloxycarbonylamino-5-benzyl-10b-hydroxy-3,6-dioxo-octahydro-8H-oxazolo[3,2-a]-pyrrolo-[2,1-c]-pyrazines), which are separated into the aci-form as well as into the natural form corresponding to the 2R:5S:10aS:10bS configuration of ergotamine.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250608
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  • 182
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    Nucleophile Substitution in der 1,3,5-Triazinreihe. IX. Kinetik und Mechanismus der Reaktion von Cyanurchlorid mit 4′-substituierten 4-Aminoazobenzenen (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 936-942 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Nucleophilic Substitutions in 1,3,5-Triazines. VII. The Kinetic and ¦ Mechanism of Cyanuric Chloride with 4′-Substituted 4-AminoazobenzensThe kinetic and mechanism of cyanuric chloride reaction with 4′-substituted 4-aminoazobenzens in dioxan-water was studied by conductometry. An addition-elimination mechanism with a monomolecular elimination of chlorine ion at low water concentrations or a nucleophilic attack of 4-aminoazobenzens at high water concentration as low step has been supported by experimental data.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250609
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  • 183
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    Untersuchungen zum photochemischen Ausbleichverhalten von tautomeriefähigen Azofarbstoffen. V. Oxidation substituierter 1-Phenylazo-2-naphthole durch Singulettsauerstoff in polymerer Matrix (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 943-950 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Studies on Photo Fading of Tautomeric Azo Dyes. V. Oxydation of Substituted 1-Phenylazo-2-naphtholes by Singlet Oxygen in a Polymeric MatrixThe logarithms of rate constants of methylene blue sensitized photolysis of substituted 1-phenylazo-2-naphthols (1a-y) in polymer matrix show no linear correlationship with respect to Hammett-δ-constants of the substituents.The slope of the function lg k = f(δ), where k represents rate constants, differs for positive and negative δ-values in sign but decomposition is oxydative at all substituents. It is possible to explain the nonlinear correlation, when singlet oxygen 1O2 attacks only the anti-hydrazone-tautomer in the dyes investigated.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250610
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  • 184
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    Photochemische Primärprozesse von Xanthenfarbstoffen. III. Blitzlichtspektroskopische Untersuchungen zum Einfluß von kationischen Mizellen auf die Photoredoxprozesse von Selenopyronin (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 951-956 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photochemical Primary Processes of Xanthene Dyes. III. Investigations of the Influence of Cationic Micelles on the Photoredox Processes of Selenopyronine by Flash ExcitationCationic micelles have no influence on the decay of the triplet state of selenopyronine (3F+). The products of photoredox reactions 3F+ + 3F+ (F+) → F· + F++· and 3F+ + DABCO → F· + DABCO+· live longer in the presence of the cationic micelles. The reason for the change of the lifetime is a separation of the photoredox products by micelles. F. is stored in the interior of the micelles. The positively charged F++· and DABCO+· are repelled from the micelles and the electron back transfer is hindered.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250611
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  • 185
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    Tetrathiafulvalene. XX. Charge-Transfer, Radikalkonzentration und elektrische Eigenschaften von TTF und TSF-TCNQ-Komplexen (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 976-980 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tetrathiafulvalenes XX. Charge-Transfer, Radical Concentration and Electrical Properties of TTF- and TSF-TCNQ-ComplexesFor TTF-TCNQ-complexes the spin density increases with a higher degree of CT, estimated from the value of C-N-vibration in TNCQ. The dihydronaphthocondensed cis- and trans-TSF-TCNQ-complexes (11, 12) show the same high conductivity, whether the complex composition is 2:1 or 1:1.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250613
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  • 186
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    Chloro-nitrosyl-molybdän-Komplexe als Epoxidationskatalysatoren. II. Epoxidringöffnungs-inaktive Katalysatoren (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 981-984 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chloro-nitrosyl Molybdenum Complexes as Epoxidation Catalysts. II. Catalysts Inactive in Epoxide Ring-opening ReactionChloro-nitrosyl molybdenum complexes which are active in the epoxidation reaction do not catalyze the consecutive epoxide ring-opening reaction if the coordinated ligand can form a strong transition metal-ligand bond. The temperature of the cleavage of the ligand from the central atom obtained by derivatographic measurements characterizes the strength of this bond. The epoxide ring-opening activity can be demonstrated by the initial reaction rate, by the conversion of the initial epoxide and by the yield of the ring-opening products 1 and 2 obtained in the reaction of 1, 2-epoxyoctane with ethanol in chlorobenzene at 100°C. High temperatures of ligand cleavage correspond with low conversions of the initial epoxide, low initial reaction rate and a low ratio of the isomers 2/1.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250614
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  • 187
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    Extraction of copper from acid sulphate solutions by 2-hydroxy-5-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-benzaldehyde,-acetophenone and -benzophenone oximes (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 985-994 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2-Hydroxy-5-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-benzaldehyde E-oxime (1), 2-hydroxy-5-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-acetophenone E-oxime (2) and 2-hydroxy-5-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-benzophenone E-oxime (3) were synthesized and used for copper extraction from acidic sulphate solutions. The dissociation constants of the phenolic group of the oximes and the stability constants for their complexes with copper were determined. An extraction model is discussed taking under consideration the association of the oxime and the solvation of the complex.It was found that 1 can extract copper more efficiently from acidic aqueous solutions and at a higher rate than 2 and 3. 1 is a stronger acid than 2 and 3. However, it is a weaker acid than the Z isomer of 3.The proposed model fits the experimental data well. When the oxime is used in excess, solvation of the copper complex seems probable.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250615
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  • 188
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    Untersuchung der Struktur photochemisch aus Pyrazolidon-(3)-azomethiniminen erzeugter 1,5-Diaza-bicyclo-[3,1,0]-hexan-2-one mit Hilfe der LIS und der RKSA (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 995-1001 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: LIS and X-Ray Investigations of the Structure of 1,5-Diaza-Bicyclo-[3,1,0]-hexanones-(2) Obtained by Irradiation of Pyrazolidone-(3)-azomethineimines1,5-Diaza-bicyclo-[3,1,0]-hexanones-(2) 2 are the photoproducts of pyrazolidone-(3)-azomethineimines 1. Generally they can exist in the exo-form or in the endo-form. 1H-n.m.r.-measurements of 2a-d show that neither at normal temperature (298 K) nor at low temperatures (213 K) an exo/endo mixture is formed photochemically. Therefore the conclusion is drawn that the photoreaction is stereospecific. Chemical shift calculations of the methyleneprotons and the methyl-protons in 2c and 2d using the ring current model and lanthanoide induced shifts (LIS) on 2d with Eu(fod)3 show that in solution the photoproducts have the exo-form. These results are in agreement with results of a single-crystal X-ray structure analysis on 2a.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250616
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  • 189
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    Zur Darstellung der Enantiomeren des trans-11,12-Bis-(diphenylphosphinomethyl)-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethano-anthracens und seines perhydrierten Derivates (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 1021-1026 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Preparation of the Enantiomers of trans-11,12-Bis-(diphenylphosphinomethyl)-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene and its Perhydrogenated Derivative
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250620
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  • 190
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    Eine einfache Methode zur Darstellung von Dialkyl- bzw. Diarylmagnesiumorgano-Verbindungen (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 1027-1029 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A Simple Method for the Preparation of Dialkyl- or Diarylmagnesiumorgano Compounds
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250621
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  • 191
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    Thermo- und lichtinitiierte geometrische Isomerisierungen von zwitterionischen Azoverbindungen (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 1016-1020 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thermal and Light Induced Geometrical Isomerizations of Mesoionic Azo Compounds
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250619
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  • 192
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    Peptide. XXVIII. Synthese der geschützten Partialsequenz B 21-30 des Rinderinsulins (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 1037-1045 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Peptides. XXVIII. Synthesis of the Protected Partial Sequence B 21-30 of Bovine Insulin
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250624
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  • 193
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    Ausschreibungen von Dozenturnen und Lehrstühlen an Hochschulen und Universitäten der DDR (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 1046-1046 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250625
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  • 194
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    Photoakustische Spektroskopie von kristallinen Pyrazolidon-(3)-azomethiniminen. Ein Beitrag zur Klärung der Frage: Inwieweit können Röntgenkristallstrukturdaten auf gelöste Moleküle übertragen werden? (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 1033-1036 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Pyrazolidone-(3)-Azomethineimines in Crystalline State A Contribution to Answer the Question: Is it Allowed Structure Dates Obtained by Single-Crystal X-Ray Structure Analysis to Transfer to Solved Molecules
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250623
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  • 195
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    Tietze, L. F. Eicher, Th: Reaktionen und Synthesen im organisch-chemischen Praktikum. 592 S., Format 16×23 cm, Stuttgart-New york:Georg Thieme Verlag 1981n, Paperback preis 54,- DM (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 1047-1048 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250626
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  • 196
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    Elektrochemie organischer Kationen. Arylsubstituierte Tropyliumsalze (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 104-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electrochemistry of Organic Cations. Arylsubstituted Tropylium SaltsThe electrochemical behaviour of some mono- and diarylsubstituted tropylium perchlorates in acetonitrile was investigated and is discussed in connection with their u. v.-vis absorption spectra.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250113
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  • 197
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    On the Interpretation of the Solvent Influence on Spectroscopic and Photophysical Parameters by means of multiparameter models (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 95-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Zur Interpretation des Lösungsmitteleinflusses auf spektroskopische und photophysikalische Parameter mittels MehrparametermodellenDie Anwendung von Mehrparametermodellen nach Kamlet und Taft auf die Solvatochromie von Absorption und Fluoreszenz sowie auf photophysikalische Parameter wird durch Beispiele aus der Literatur und durch eigene Beispiele demonstriert.Dabei werden besonders spezifische Wechselwirkungen zwischen Substrat und Lösungsmittel diskutiert. Mit Hilfe der Regressionskoeffizienten von multiplen Korrelationen lassen sich Beziehungen zwischen der Struktur der Substrate und dem Ort der spezifischen Wechselwirkungen herstellen.Die Beschreibung dynamischer Prozesse gelingt mit der Einführung eines zusätzlichen Viskositätsparameters, der auf der scheinbaren Arrheniusschen Aktivierungsenergie der Lösungsmittelviskosität beruht.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250112
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  • 198
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    Zur Kinetik der Halcon-Reaktion (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 113-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Kinetics of the Halcon ReactionWe have investigated the influence of all types of reaction products on the rate of the Halcon reaction. The experiments show that the retarding effect of epoxide is higher than that of the alcohol. Furthermore we have found that the consecutive products of the epoxide retard the Halcon reaction more than the primary reaction products. The reaction rate can be described by an equation of the Michaelis-Menten-type. We determined the initial reaction rate in dependence on the starting concentration on the reaction products.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250114
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  • 199
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    Synthesen von C-Nucleosiden und C-Nucleosidanaloga. I. Darstellung von 1-(D-galacto-2,3,4,5,6-Pentakisacetoxyhexanoyl)-3-alkyl- oder arylamino-6,6-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c]thiophen-4-onen (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 143-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Syntheses of C-Nucleosides and Analogs of C-Nucleosides. I. Preparation of 1-(D-galacto-2,3,4,5,6-Pentakisacetoxy-hexanoyl)-3-alkyl-or arylamino-6,6-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[c] thiophene-4-ones2-(Alkyl- or Arylamino-mercapto-methylen)-5,5-dimethyl-cyclohexane-1,3-diones 1 react in alkaline medium with 3,4,5,6,7-penta-O-acetyl-1-bromo-1-deoxy-D-galacto-heptulose 2b to give the title compounds 6d-g.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250117
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  • 200
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    Steroide. 7372. Mitt.: G. SCHUBERT, K. PONSOLD u. W. SCHADE, Z. Chem. 21, 186 (1981).. Gekoppelte Additionsreaktionen an 14,15-ungesättigten Androstanen Einfluß des positiven Halogens auf die Regioselektivität (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 123-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Steroids. 73. Joint Addition Reactions to 14,15-Unsaturated Androstanes. Influence of the Positive Charged Halogen on the RegioselectivityThe joint addition of positive charged halogens and nitrogenous nucleophils to 14,15-unsaturated olefins is investigated. It was established that the regioselectivity of the addition reaction is different for bromine and iodine. This surprising result is discussed. Ring closure reactions of the addition products to the corresponding aziridines are investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19833250115
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