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  • 2000-2004
  • 1990-1994  (351)
  • 1992  (351)
  • Genetics  (223)
  • crystal structure  (128)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Systemic lupus erythematosus ; Ro and La antibodies ; Multicenter study ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antibodies against Ro and La, including recombinant La and recombinant 60 kD-Ro, were determined by counter immunoelectrophoresis and ELISA in over 300 central European systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. The presence of both Ro and La antibodies was strongly associated with the MHC haplotype B8-C4AQ0-DR3-DQ2, the association being stronges for DR3. After exclusion of all B8-DR3 positive patients only DR3 positive patients still showed an increased incidence of Ro and La antibodies, suggesting DR3 as the primary association factor. High titers of La antibody, but not of 60 kD-Ro antibody, were also significantly associated with the presence of DR3. Other DR and DQ antigens or heterozygous DQ combinations were not significantly associated with Ro and La antibodies.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Systemic lupus erythematosus ; Genetics ; Ro and La antibodies ; Recombinant autoantigens ; MHC ; Multicenter study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antibodies against recombinant 52 kD-Ro, recombinant 60 kD-Ro and recombinant La protein were determined by ELISA in over 300 central European patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A strong association with HLA-DR3 was found for antibodies against 52 kD-Ro and La, but not for recombinant 60 kD-Ro antibodies in the absence of antibodies against 52 kD-Ro or La. Ro/La negative SLE patients still showed an increased frequency of HLA-DR3 as compared to healthy controls. These results indicated that the preferential formation of Ro and La antibodies was not due to an unspecific stimulatory effect of HLA-DR3 but that the antibody response to certain defined proteins (52 kD-Ro and La) was influenced by MHC genes in SLE. Furthermore, the association of SLE with HLA-DR3 was independent of the effects of DR3 on the formation of 52 kD-Ro and La antibodies.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: Manganese ; agostic ; crystal structure ; CH activation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Agostic interactions of CH bonds with metal atoms are currently of great interest. UV irradiation of Mn2(CO)8 (PMe2Ph)2 in the presence of the HC≡COEt yielded the new compound Mn2(CO)6(PMe2Ph)2 [μ-C(OEt)=C(H)C=C(H)C=O(OEt)],1 that contains a strong agostic interaction of an olefinic CH bond to one of the managanese atoms, Mn...C=2.349(5), Mn...H=2.01(4). This interaction can be removed (reversibly) by CO addition (25°C/1000 psi) to1 to yield the new complex Mn2(CO)7(PMe2Ph)2[μ-C(OEt)=C(H)C=C(H)C=O(OEt)],2.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cluster science 3 (1992), S. 123-144 
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: Molybdenum ; tungsten ; crystal structure ; reduction ; acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Four new compounds having nine cluster electrons and cores of the types Mo3OCl3, Mo3OBr3, and W3OCl3 are reported. Compound (1) prepared by reduction of [Bu4N][Mo3OCl6(OAc)3] in THF with metallic zinc, was shown by X-ray crystallography to be Mo3OCl4(OAc)3 (THF)2 (1). It forms crystals in space groupP21 with unit cell dimensionsa=9.472(2) Å,b=13.546(4) Å,c=9.652(2) Å, β=101.70(2)°,V=1201(1) Å3,Z=2. The [Mo3(μ3-O)(μ-Cl)3]4+ core is surrounded by three μ-O2CCH3 anions, one Cl−, and two THF and has Mo-Mo distances of 2.620(1) Å, 2.613(1) Å, and 2.530(1) Å, with the shortest bond between the two Mo atoms to which the THF molecules are coordinated. Compounds [Bu4N]2 [Mo3OBr6(O2CCH3)3] · Me2CO, (2) and [Mo3OBr3(O2CCH3)3(PMe3)3]3 · BF4, (3) are the first two nine-electron Mo3 species with a [Mo3(μ3-O) Br3]4+ core. Both were obtained by zinc reduction of [Mo3OBr6(O2CCH3)3]− in the presence of (NBu4) Br (2) or PMe3 and NaBF4 (3), and each was characterized crystallographically. Compound (2) crystallized in space group Cc with unit cell dimensionsa=25.037(5) Å,b=12.827(2) Å,c=21.484(4) Å, β=122.96(1)0,V=5790(3) Å3,Z=4. While the anion has no crystallographically required symmetry, its virtual symmetry is C3v . The Mo-Mo distances are 2.619(2) Å, 2.610(3) Å, 2.644(2) Å, with a mean value of 2.624[14] Å. Compound (3) crystallized in space groupP21/c with unit cell dimensionsa=10.846(2) Å,b=25.033(5) Å,c=12.641(5) Å, β=94.74(2)0,V=3420(2) Å3,Z=4. The cation occupies a general position but has virtual C3v symmetry, with Mo-Mo distances of 2.601(2) Å, 2.610(2) Å, 2.627(2) Å, with a mean value of 2.613[14] Å. Thus the anionic and cationic Mo3 clusters in (2) and (3), respectively, have average Mo-Mo distances that are equal within experimental error. Compound (4), [NEt4]2 [W3OCl6(O2CCH3)3] is the first 9-electron compound of this type containing tungsten. It was prepared by reduction of [Et4N][W3OCl6(OAc)3] in benzene with Na/Hg. It crystallized in space groupP212121 with unit cell dimensionsa=11.076(2) Å,b=14.345(2) Å,c=21.026(3) Å,V=3574(1) Å3,Z=4. The anion resides on a general position but has virtual C3v symmetry, with W-W distances of 2.577(1) Å, 2.612(1) Å, 2.584(1) Å and a mean value of 2.591[15] Å.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: Heterometallic-heterobridging cubane-type tetranuclear cluster ; preparation ; crystal structure ; molecular orbital calculation ; quasi-aromaticity ; copper ; molybdenum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract By the reaction of cluster [Mo3OS3](dtp)4(H2O) used as starting material with CuI using [3+1] mode, two novel heterometallic-heterobridging cubane-type tetranuclear cluster compounds [CuMo3OS3]·I·(μ-OAc)[S2P(OC2H5)2]3·L [(I)L=py, (II)L=DMF] [dtp=S2P(OC2H5)2; OAc=OOCCH3] containing [CuMo3OS3] core have been obtained. Compounds (I) and (II) have been characterized by IR, EPR, UV-VIS, electrochemistry and X-ray crystallography. By comparison of these two compounds with the analogous [CuMo3S4] series in the structure and molecular orbital calculation, the influence of mixed S/O bridging on the structure is discussed. It is demonstrated that the {Mo3S3} cluster ring in [Mo3OS3]4+ possesses a similar quasi-aromaticity to [Mo3S4]4+. Crystal data: for (I), space group= $$P\overline 1 $$ ,a=13.781(8)Å,b=14.523(6)Å,c=12.098(6)Å, α=98.37(4)°, β=109.41(5)°, γ=105.00(5)°,V=2133(2)Å3,Z=2,R=0.058; for (II), space group= $$P\overline 1 $$ ,a=13.215(4)Å,b=17.818(8)Å,c=9.873(4)Å, α=106.06(4)°, β=109.78(3)°, γ=82.00(3)°,V=2100(2)Å3,Z=2,R=0.045.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Amino acids 3 (1992), S. 229-234 
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Amino acids ; Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Brain ; Genetics ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary L-tyrosine-3-hydroxylase (TH) is the first and rate limiting enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of catecholamine neurotransmitters (dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline). Implication of dopamine (DA) in various psychopathological phenomena, such as schizophrenia, has considerably contributed to the intensity of investigation of basic biochemical regulation of TH by activation and induction. Here we consider a third, constitutional (genotypic) aspect of regulation and present evidence that differences in mesencephalic (TH/SN), striatal (TH/CS), and hypothalamic (TH/HT) TH activity between virtually isogeneic strains of mice can be explained by segregating genetic factors. Biometrical genetic analysis of progenitor strains and their crosses indicated significant additive gene effects for TH/SN, TH/CS, and TH/HT, whereas dominance effects were statistically non-significant. A monogenic model of inheritance for TH/SN and TH/CS could not be rejected, while more than one gene was indicated for TH/HT. Significant positive phenotypic correlations were found in genetically segregating populations among mesencephalic, striatal and hypothalamic TH activities. This would suggest that some common genetic factors (or linked genes) are involved in the genetic variation of all three traits. A genetic selection experiment to elucidate the cellular and biochemical mechanisms underlying these variations is in progress.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 70 (1992), S. 377-384 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Genetics ; Apolipoproteins ; Lipoproteins ; Atherosclerosis ; Transgenic animals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to elucidate the genetic abnormalities underlying lipoprotein disorders associated with coronary heart disease susceptibility, researchers have looked for candidate genes. The studies have focused particularly on the lipoprotein transport genes. Relatively common as well as rare mutations have already been identified in several of these genes. In addition, further metabolic and genetic studies indicate that some of these loci harbor significant, but as yet undefined, genetic variation. In the next few years, it is not unreasonable to expect that all or most of the significant mutations at these loci will be catalogued. It is too early to know whether this will be sufficient to explain the genetic basis of altered lipoprotein levels or whether new loci will need to be investigated. Additional candidate gene loci might be those coding for genes involved in intracellular cholesterol metabolism, cholesterol absorption, or insulin resistance. New loci may also be revealed by the technique of reverse genetics. A more complete understanding of the genetics of atherosclerosis susceptibility will probably also entail the identification of variants at genetic loci that control both the reaction of the blood vessel wall to atherogenic lipoproteins and the thrombosis system. Investigation of the genetic basis of coronary heart disease susceptibility remains a worthwhile and lively field, with important clinical and public health ramifications.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Reading and writing 4 (1992), S. 307-326 
    ISSN: 1573-0905
    Keywords: Genetics ; Reading disability ; Sex differences ; Twins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Education
    Notes: Abstract The issue of sex differences in reading disability has been of recent interest in relation to sex ratios in families with reading disabled children and to possible sex biases in referred populations. Data from a study of 570 twins are used to develop alternative definitions of reading disability that vary in the manner to which sex effects are taken into account. These definitions include discrepancies between reading quotients and IQ, the use of the regression of reading onto IQ and chronological age/reading age differences. In each case the reading and spelling disability was defined either separately for the sexes or based upon the data for the sexes combined and with and without an IQ〉90 exclusion criterion. The consequences of using the alternative definitions for prevalence, sex ratio and heritability are examined. The results demonstrate that the characteristics of reading disabled children vary with the way disability is defined. The excess of males seems to be a robust finding. Definitions that take into account differences in mean score for males and females reduce but do not eradicate the sex ratio. From the genetic analysis, there is no support for the suggestion that the genetic effect on reading is greater for females than males. It is concluded that the use of regression based procedures for identifying reading disability is desirable but that at present there is insufficient evidence to justify the adoption of separate regression procedures for the two sexes.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Genetics ; Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) ; diabetes mellitus ; insulin receptor ; glucose transporters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have recently examined the exons encoding the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase domain and GLUT 4 in 30 subjects with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus using a molecular scanning approach. The variant sequences Val-Met985 and Lys-Glu1068 of the insulin receptor and Val-Ile383 of GLUT 4 were each separately found in three different diabetic subjects. In a study of a Welsh population, the GLUT 4383 variant was found in three of 160 diabetic and none of the 80 control subjects. In this study, the same group of Welsh Type 2 diabetic and control subjects was analysed using allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridisation, single nucleotide primer extension and allele-specific restriction digestion to ascertain the frequency of the two insulin receptor mutations. The Val-Met985 mutation was found in none of the 160 Welsh Caucasian Type 2 diabetic subjects and two of 80 control subjects. The Lys-Glu1068 mutation removes a Sty 1 site and digestion of amplified exon 18 with Sty 1 confirmed the presence of this mutation in the heterozygous state in the original subject. None of the Welsh diabetic or control subjects had the Glu1068 mutation. The discovery of a very common silent polymorphism at codon 130 of GLUT 4 allowed examination of the association of this locus with Type 2 diabetes using allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridisation in a subset of the Welsh subjects. The genotypic frequencies (homozygous wild-type and heterzygous polymorphic (poly) sequences) were not significantly different between diabetic and control subjects (Type 2 diabetic subjects: wild-type/wild-type 40%, wild-type/poly 46%, poly/poly 14%; Control subjects: wild-type/wild-type 37%0, wild-type/poly 45 %, poly/poly 18 %;p 〉 0.05). In conclusion, in a British Caucasian population the examined insulin receptor tyrosine kinase domain mutations are uncommon. Also the GLUT 4 locus does not appear to be strongly associated with Type 2 diabetes.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 151 (1992), S. 837-841 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Frontonasal dysplasia ; Craniosynostosis ; Genetics ; X chromosome ; Psychomotor development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report on nine patients with craniofrontonasal dysplasia (CFND). Seven classical cases had facial features suggestive of frontonasal dysplasia and coronal craniosynostosis. Extracranial abnormalities such as brittle nails with prominent longitudinal grooves or syndactyly of fingers and toes were observed in individual patients. In two families the father of classical cases showed a milder pattern of abnormalities, consistent with the diagnosis. We present a 2- to 13-year follow-up on our patients. Hypotonia and laxity of joints are common and may necessitate supportive measures. Mild developmental delay was noted in three out of six classical cases studied in detail. Unlike almost all other X-linked disorders, clinical expression in CFND is generally much more severe in females than in males. In contrast to previous reports of this condition, one of our severely affected cases is a male.
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  • 11
    ISSN: 1572-8951
    Keywords: Non-topochemical reaction ; crystal structure ; lattice energy calculations ; thermal motion analysis ; disorder
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The molecular and crystal structure of 2,5-dibenzylidenecyclopent-3-ene-1-one has been studied in detail to explain the formation of a non-topochemical pseudo-mirror-symmetric dimer upon photoirradiation. Packing energy calculations, analysis of the thermal motion, and lattice energy calculations are employed to analyse and understand the observed dimerization reaction, crystal structure, and crystal properties.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1573-2592
    Keywords: Genetics ; immune deficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A family with 13 members included 2 subjects with selective IgA deficiency (IgA-D) and 3 subjects with common-variable immune deficiency (CVID), diseases which usually occur sporadically. Reciprocal combinations of B and T cellsin vitro between one normal and two immune-deficient family members and normal subjects revealed that defective Ig synthesis was determined by the B cells, while the patient T cells functioned normally. Normal T helper and suppressor function was demonstrated even in one patient with CVID who developed a T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder associated with elevated IgM; this patient's B cells made only IgMin vitro. Immune deficiencies were inherited in this family in a pattern consistent with an autosomal dominant trait with incomplete penetrance. All the immune-deficient patients in this family possessed at least one copy of an MHC haplotype previously shown to be abnormally frequent in IgA-D and CVID: HLA-DQB1*0201, HLA-DR3, C4B-Sf, C4A-deleted, G11-15, Bf-0.4, C2-a, HSP70-7.5, TNFα-5, HLA-B8, and HLA-A1. The patient who developed the lymphoproliferative disorder was homozygous for this haplotype. Four immunologically normal members, one of whom was 80 years old, also possessed this MHC haplotype, indicating that its presence is not sufficient for disease expression. A small segment of another MHC haplotype associated with Ig deficiency in the population also occurred in this family, but it was not associated with immune deficiency. The presence of neutral amino acids at position 57 of DQβ, previously correlated with IgA-D, was associated with disease in this family approximately to the same degree reported previously in unrelated patients. Thus the expression of immunodeficiency in individuals bearing a disease-associated MHC haplotype appears to require either additional genes or an environmental trigger.
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; Genetics ; Polymorphisms ; GLUT 4 ; GLUT 1
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Glucose transporter genes have been proposed as candidate genes for type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. We chose to study the adult skeletal muscle glucose transporter gene (GLUT 4) andGLUT 1 in consideration of previous conflicting results obtained by different authors. We studied 68 patients with type 2 diabetes, and 66 non-diabetic controls matched for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Women and men were considered separately, according to BMI (≤24.0 and 〉24.0 for women; ≤25.0 and 〉25.0 for men). Allele and genotype frequencies were not significantly different in controls and in type 2 diabetic patients. ForGLUT 1 allele 1 and genotype x1x1 were more frequent, although not significantly (P=0.064 at χ2,P=0.025 at Fisher exact test) in overweight/obese diabetic women than in overweight/obese non-diabetic women. These data do not support the hypothesis that these genes play a major role in genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus, but suggest a possible association, at least in women, of allele 1 ofGLUT 1 with obese type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 29 (1992), S. 173-177 
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Erythrocyte ; Genetics ; Renal function ; Sodium transport systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Studies of kidney cross-transplantation in the Milan hypertensive strain of rats (MHS) and in its control strain (MNS) have demonstrated that the kidney has a causal role in the development of hypertension in this animal model. The same result was obtained in two other strains of rats with genetic hypertension. Patients receiving a kidney from a donor with hypertensive parents require more antihypertensive therapy than recipients of a kidney from a donor with a normotensive family. When MHS rats and a subset of patients with primary hypertension were compared with their appropriate controls, similar changes in kidney function and Na−K−Cl cotransport were observed. Offspring of hypertensive parents exhibit altered kidney function compared with their controls. Na−K−Cl co-transport in MHS rats is genetically determined and genetically associated with hypertension. In MHS rats the increase in Na−K−Cl co-transport seems to be linked to a cytoskeletal protein, adducin. In conclusion, a consistent sequence of events from a protein abnormality to cell and renal dysfunction may be proposed as being responsible for hypertension.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 84 (1992), S. 714-719 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Salinity ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Accessions of Triticum tauschii (Coss.) Schmal. (D genome donor to hexaploid wheat) vary in salt tolerance and in the rate that Na+ accumulates in leaves. The aim of this study was to determine whether these differences in salt tolerance and leaf Na+ concentration would be expressed in hexaploid wheat. Synthetic hexaploids were produced from five T. tauschii accessions varying in salt tolerance and two salt-sensitive T. turgidum cultivars. The degree of salt tolerance of the hexaploids was evaluated as the grain yield per plant in 150 mol m-3 NaCl relative to grain yield in 1 mol m-3 NaCl (control). Sodium concentration in leaf 5 was measured after the leaf was fully expanded. The salt tolerance of the genotypes correlated negatively with the concentration of Na+ in leaf 5. The salt tolerance of the synthetic hexaploids was greater than the tetraploid parents primarily due to the maintenance of kernel weight under saline conditions. Synthetic hexaploids varied in salt tolerance with the source of their D genome which demonstrates that genes for salt tolerance from the diploid are expressed at the hexaploid level.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Russian chemical bulletin 41 (1992), S. 1076-1079 
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Keywords: X-ray crystallographic analysis ; 1,1′-divinyl-2,2′-biimidazolyl ; crystal structure ; molecular structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The crystal and molecular structures of 1,1′-divinyl-2,2′-biimidazolyl (L) were determined by x-ray crystallographic analysis. It was established that the molecule of L has crystallographic symmetry 2 and a cisoid conformation with an angle of rotation of 128° between the imidazole rings. The length of the C2-C2′ bond is increased to 1.485(11) Å compared with the length of the analogous bond in unsubstituted 2,2′-biimidazolyl (1.423 Å). Localization of the N=C multiple bond is observed [1.297(9) Å]. The other N-C bonds of the ring are almost equalized (1.374 Å) and are close to the standard values for bonds of the C sp 2-N type in imidazoles. The angle between the plane of the heterocycle and the plane passing through the atoms of the vinyl group amounts to 7°.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Keywords: synthesis ; crystal structure ; UV spectra ; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-[α-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)methyl]phenol ; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-[α-morpholino-α-(2-hydroxy-6-bromo-1-naphthyl)methyl]phenol ; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-α-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)-1,4-methylenequinone ; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-α-(2-acetyloxy-1-naphthyl)-1,4-methylenequinone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Mannich bases exhibiting photo- and thermochromic properties in solutions were synthesized from 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2-naphthols. An investigation of an acetyl derivative of methylenequinone, modeling a product of photo- and thermochromic transformations, proved that the color change of solutions of the Mannich bases is due to reversible dissociation into colored methylenequinones and morpholine. On the basis of data of x-ray diffraction analysis of one of the Mannich bases, characteristics of their molecular structure were determined, and reasons were stated for their effect on the dissociation mechanism.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Russian chemical bulletin 41 (1992), S. 1950-1956 
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Keywords: hexafluorotitanates ; synthesis ; crystal structure ; 19F NMR ; IR spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Mixed alkali hexafluorotitanates of the composition LiMTiF6 are synthesized, which crystallize with the orthorhombic symmetry. The lattice parameters of these materials are determined. It is shown that substitution of the Li+ cation in Li2TiF6 by Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+ leads to various degrees of distortion of the hexafluoroion. It is determined (19F NMR data) that the change in the dynamic state of the octahedral [TiF6]2− ions is related to their transition from the hindered-rotational to the isotropic state.
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Keywords: macrocyclic polyethers ; crystal structure ; biological activity ; IR spectra ; complex with calcium thiocyanate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The antihypoxic and anticonvulsant activity of eight new amidophosphoryl derivatives of crown ethers was investigated. It was found that some of them exhibit pronounced antihypoxic activity. The results of an x-ray structural and IR spectroscopic study of dibenzo-N-phenylphosphonyl-14-crown-5 (a=9.818,b=16.062,c=15.925 Å; γ=124.90°;V=2072 Å3;M=417.2;d=1.33 g/cm3 forZ=4, 1955 independent reflections [I〉3σ(I)] in a DAR-UM inCuK α radiation,P2 1/b space group,R=5.2%) and dibenzo-N-adamantylphosphonyl-14-crown-5 compounds (a=11.077,b=15.936,c=16.771 Å; γ=56.05°;V=2456 Å3;M=486.3;d=1.31 g/cm3 forZ=4, 2164 independent reflections [I〉3σ(I)] in a DAR-UM inCuK α radiation,P21/b space group,R=5.1%) are reported. Some details of the structure of the dibenzo-N-phenylphosphonyl-14-crown-5-complex with calcium thiocyanate and water are discussed; a polyhedron with a coordination number of six was found for the first time for calcium complexes with macrocyclic ligands. The combined examination of the results of the biological, x-ray structural, and IR spectroscopic study of macrocyclic, 14-member ligands suggested that the nature of the substituents at phosphorus affect the conformational state of the macrocycle, which remains unchanged in complexation in the investigated conditions.
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Keywords: crystal structure ; molecular complexes ; phosphinimines ; protonation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract X-ray diffraction analysis has been used to determine the crystal structures of the 1:1-composition products of protonation by perchloric acid of isomeric triphenyl-N-(4-methylpyridyl-2)phosphinimine (1) and triphenyl-N-(3-methylpyridyl-2)phosphinimine (2). The structures were refined toR=0.048 andR=0.052, respectively, using 2274 (1) and 2647 (2) reflections. The protonation centers are located at the sites of N atoms of the pyridine ring (1) and the phosphinimino group (2). The distribution of the bond lengths in the cations suggests that a significant contribution is made by a phosphonic structure with positive charges localized on the P atoms. N-H...O hydrogen bonds, with lengths of 2.890(4) and 3.020(3) Å, connect cations and anions in both structures.
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  • 21
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Keywords: synthesis ; crystal structure ; 1,12-difluoro-1,1,3,5,5,8,8,10,12,12-decanitro-3,10-diazadodecane-6,7-diol dinitrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A two-step synthesis has been proposed to obtain 1,12-difluoro-1,1,3,5,5,8,8,10,12,12-decanitro-3,10-diazadodecane-6,7-diol dinitrate, starting from 1,1,4,4-tetranitrobutane-2,3-diol and N-(methoxymethyl)-2-fluoro-2,2-dinitroethyl-amine, followed by nitration of the Mannich base formed. An x-ray-diffraction investigation of the dinitrate obtained was carried out.
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  • 22
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Keywords: organic metals ; radical-cation salts ; bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene = ET ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The electrochemical oxidation of ET [bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene] in bromobenzene (electrolyte Bu 4 N[HgBr 3 ]) gave the radical-cation salt (ET) 8 [Hg 2 Br 6 ·PhBr] 2 (1), a new organic metal with a temperature range of 300–125 K. At 125 K a metal—dielectric transition is observed. Crystallographic data for (1):a=19.171(6),b=12.668(4),c=17.777(6) Å, α=118.03(3), β=89.45(2), γ=101.21(3)°, P $$\overline 1 $$ ,Z=1,d calc=2.30 g/cm 3 . The crystal structure of (1) is laminar. In the conducting organic layer the ET radical cations are linked into bands by shortened intermolecular S···S contacts of the “side-to-side” type. The anionic layer consists of centrosymmetric complexes [Hg 2 Br 6 ·C 6 H 5 Br] 2 4− . The Hg 1 and Hg 2 atoms are characterized by a trigonal configuration of the Hg-Br bond which is built up, on account of secondary Hg···Br interactions, into trigonal-bipyramidal for Hg 1 and trigonal-pyramidal (tetrahedral) for Hg 2 . Interaction between the anionic and cationic layers is effected through Br 6 ...S 8 contacts [3.491(7) Å)].
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  • 23
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Keywords: organic metals ; bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (ET) ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The composition and structure of the radical-ion salt (ET) 2 [Hg(SCN) 2 Cl], a new organic metal withT M-D=50 K, were established in an x-ray structure investigation. Principal crystallographic data:a=36.69(1),b=8.302(8),c=11.732(8) Å, β=90.02(6)°, space groupCc, Z=4,d calc=2.08 g/cm 3 ,R=0.067. The crystal structure of the salt consists of an alternation of organic (cationic) and inorganic (anionic) layers along the axisa. The anionic layer consists of the polymeric chains in which the [Hg(SCN) 2 Cl]− ions are linked together along the axisc through secondary Hg···N bonds with lengths of 2.75(3) and 2.98(8) Å. On account of these interactions the trigonal configuration of the bonds of the Hg atom is built up to trigonal-bipyramidal. In the organic layer with a structure of the κ type the ET cations form dimers with an interplanar distance of 3.53 Å. ET cations belonging to neighboring dimers are linked together through shortened intermolecular S...S contacts with lengths of 3.40–3.50(2) Å.
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  • 24
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    European journal of epidemiology 8 (1992), S. 3-9 
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Atherosclerosis ; Cladistics ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We seek to understand the relative contribution of allelic variations of a particular gene to the determination of an individual's risk of atherosclerosis or hypertension. Work in progress is focusing on the identification and characterization of mutations in candidate genes that are known to be involved in determining the phenotypic expression of intermediate biochemical and physiological traits that are in the pathway of causation between genetic variation and variation in risk of disease. The statistical strategy described in this paper is designed to aid geneticists and molecular biologists in their search to find the DNA sequences responsible for the genetic component of variation in these traits. With this information we will have a more complete understanding of the nature of the organization of the genetic variation responsible for quantitative variation in risk of disease. It will then be possible to fully evaluate the utility of measured genetic information in predicting the risk of common diseases having a complex multifactorial etiology, such as atherosclerosis and hypertension.
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  • 25
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Calix[4]arene ; crystal structure ; second-sphere coordination ; nickel(II) ; copper(II) ; pyridine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The title compounds crystallize such that bilayers of calixarenes are separated by hydrophilic layers. In each case the transition metal has, in addition to a primary sphere of ligands, a second-sphere coordination by a calixarene. [(H2O)5Ni(NC5H5)]2(Na)[calix[4]arene sulfonate]·3.5 H2O,1, crystallizes in the triclinic space groupP $$\bar 1$$ witha = 12.487(4),b = 14.281(2),c = 15.055(5) Å, α = 85.66(2), β = 80.07(2), γ = 80.48(2)°, andD c = 1.64 g cm−3 forZ = 2. Refinement based on 2441 observed reflections led to a finalR value of 0.066. There are two different environments for the nickel-containing cations: one is positioned within the hydrophilic layer with the pyridine ligand intercalated into the hydrophobic calixarene bilayer and the other is also positioned within the hydrophilic layer, but the pyridine ligand is inserted into the hydrophobic cavity of the calix[4]arene. [(H2O)4Cu(NC5HS)2](H3O)3[calix[4]arene sulfonate]·10 H2O,2, crystallizes in the triclinic space groupP $$\bar 1$$ witha = 15.438(4),b = 15.727(6),c = 12.121(9) Å, α = 112.74(4), β = 102.02(4), γ = 85.34(4)°, andD c = 1.57 g cm−3 forZ = 2. Refinement based on 3925 observed reflections led to a finalR value of 0.107. The structure is similar to that of 1 except that the one copper-containing cation spans the hydrophilic layer and is intercalated into the bilayer of calixarenes on one side and positioned into the calixarene cavity on the other.
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  • 26
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    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 14 (1992), S. 55-64 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Host-guest inclusion compound ; p-,m-,o-xylene ; deoxycholic acid ; symmetry factor ; energy transfer ; photophysical factor ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The isomerization processes induced by UV photons in inclusion compounds of the host-guest type are examined, with special attention to the photophysics of the energy transfer process between the host and the guest, as well as to the influence of the host molecular cavity symmetry and the guest molecular symmetry. In particular, the experimental study has been carried out on the isomerization processes ofp-,m-, ando-xylene inside the molecular cavities of deoxycholic acid. The results have been compared with those obtained by irradiating the xylenes in an inert solution of hexane. The main difference is the elimination of by-products when the photochemical process is carried out in the solid state inclusion compound; however, the high purity of the isomerization product corresponds to a decrease in its yield with respect to the reaction in solution, due to the energy transfer process from the host to the guest moiety.
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  • 27
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    Journal of superconductivity 5 (1992), S. 33-38 
    ISSN: 1572-9605
    Keywords: Yttrium ; copper ; X-ray ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Single crystals of Y2Cu2O5 were obtained in the flux growth process by controlled heating of a mixture of Y2O3, BaO, and CuO in a molar ratio of 1∶8∶20. These crystals were analyzed by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal contains polymeric chains of Cu2O5 interspersed by yttrium ions surrounded by octahedral arrangements of oxygen atoms. Crystal data: space group=Pna21,a=10.799(2) Å,b=3.4990(5) Å,c=12.459(2) Å,Z=4, 380 reflections,R=0.026,R w=0.030.
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  • 28
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: amino acid-derived cofactor ; crystal structure ; methylamine dehydrogenase ; molecular replacement ; oxidoreductase ; Paracoccus denitrificans ; pyrroloquinoline quinone ; quinoprotein ; tryptophan tryptophylquinone ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The three-dimensional structure of the quinoprotein methylamine dehydrogenase from Paracoccus denitrificans (PD-MADH) has been determined at 2.8 Å resolution by the molecular replacement method combined with map averaging procedures, using data collected from an area detector. The structure of methylamine dehydrogenase from Thio-bacillus versutus, which contains an “X-ray” sequence, was used as the starting search model. MADH consists of 2 heavy (H) and 2 light (L) subunits related by a molecular 2-fold axis. The H subunit is folded into seven four-stranded β-segments, forming a disk-shaped structure, arranged with pseudo-7-fold symmetry. A 31-residue elongated tail exists at the N-terminus of the H subunit in MADH from T. versutus but is partially digested in this crystal form of MADH from P. denitrificans, leaving the H subunit about 18 residues shorter. Each L subunit contains 127 residues arranged into 10 β-strands connected by turns. The active site of the enzyme is located in the L subunit and is accessible via a hydrophobic channel between the H and L subunits. The redox cofactor of MADH, tryptophan tryptophylquinone is highly unusual. It is formed from two co-valently linked tryptophan side chains at positions 57 and 107 of the L subunit, one of which contains an orthoquinone. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 29
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: pharmaceutical salt selection ; salts of p-aminosalicylic acid ; hydrates ; crystal structure ; thermal stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The potassium (K), sodium (NA), calcium (CA), and magnesium (MG) salts of p-aminosalicylic acid were obtained, and their thermal behavior was characterized by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). Their crystal and molecular structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction after powder patterns had shown them to be nonisomorphous. Different degrees of hydration were observed for the solid salts, and an assessment of hydrate stability to dehydration was made from thermogravimetric studies. The onset temperature of dehydration (T t) of each salt varied within the series and exhibited correlation with X-ray determined structure. The observed onset of dehydration of MG and CA was higher than that of NA and is consistent with stronger ion-dipole interactions for the divalent salts. Crystallographic determination of the bond lengths between the metal ion and the water oxygens were 2.4 and 2.9 Å for NA, between 2.0 and 2.1 Å for MG, and 2.4 Å for CA. The open nature and presence of a channel feature in the structure of the sodium salt may have facilitated escape of water molecules from the crystal. Particle presentation (e.g., size, crystallinity) was also shown to affect dehydration behavior.
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  • 30
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    Pharmaceutical research 9 (1992), S. 365-371 
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: celiprolol ; crystal structure ; two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structure and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and assignments of celiprolol, N′-[3-acetyl-4[3-[N-t-butylamino-2-hydroxypropoxy]phenyl]-N, N-diethylurea, are reported. Celiprolol crystallizes in the monoclinic space group, P2l/a, with a = 9.081(2), b = 13.800(4), and c = 17.471(5) Å and β = 95.04(2)°. Structure was solved by direct methods; structure refinement to R of 0.058. Intermolecular hydrogen-bonding in the crystal is discussed. The 1H, 13C, and two-dimensional (2D) NMR spectra of the hydrochloride have been obtained and definitive signal assignments made.
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  • 31
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Crown compound ; potassium thiocyanate ; crown cation complex ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Single crystal X-ray analysis of the hydrated KSCN complex of benzodinaphthopyridino-21-crown-7 (1) (1 : 1 : 1) is reported. Crystals of the complex are orthorhombic,Pnma, withα = 16.946(4),b = 22.298(4),c = 10.390(8) Å andD c = 1.184 g cm−1,Z = 4. The host macroring (1) has a mirror symmetry and exists in a so-called ‘dentists chair’ conformation. The cation (K−) is coordinated to all the six ether oxygen atoms and also weakly to the pyridine N atom. The SCN− anion group has a statistical type of disorder with opposite orientations of S and N such that nitrogen and sulphur are coordinated to K+. Packing of the host molecules is in columns to form quasi channels with K+, SCN−, and H2O being located inside the stacks.
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  • 32
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Inclusion compound ; hydroxy compound ; crystal structure ; thermal analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The crystal and molecular structures of the title host compound (I), C35H26O, and its inclusion complexes with water (II), C35H26O·H2O and dimethylsulphoxide (III), C35H26O·C2H6OS are reported. (I) is monoclinicC2/c,a = 9.725(1),b = 20.031(3),c = 26.545(3) Å, β = 90.60(1)0,V = 5170 Å3,Z = 8; (II) is triclinic, $$P\bar 1$$ ,a = 10.206(1),b = 10.324(2),c = 14.425(2) Å, α = 101.68(1), β = 89.92(2), γ = 116.34(1)0,V = 1327 Å3,Z = 2; (III) is monoclinicP21/n,a = 17.832(5),b = 10.109(3),c = 17.901(5) Å, β = 111.93(2)0,V = 2993 Å3,Z =4. The structures were solved by direct methods and refined to final residuals of 0.045, 0.048, and 0.071, respectively. Thermal analysis of the complexes corroborates the crystallographic results.
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  • 33
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    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 12 (1992), S. 377-387 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Charles Pedersen ; crown ethers ; phenol-pendant cyclam-zinc(II) complex ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The molecular structure of phenol-pendant cyclam-zinc(II) complex,4a, has been determined by X-ray structure analysis. Crystals of4a · ClO4 · CH3OH (C16H27N4OZn · ClO4 · CH3OH) are monoclinic, space groupP21/nn, with four molecules in the unit cell of dimensionsa=31.198(2) Å,b=8.426(1) Å,c=8.214(1) Å, andβ=93.96(1)°. The structure was solved by the heavy atom method and refined anisotropically toR=0.044,R w=0.062 for 1551 independent reflections. The complex assumes a five-coordinate, square pyramidal geometry, where zinc(II) is surrounded by the cyclam moiety in a planar fashion with the pendant phenolate anion occupying an axial position. An extremely short Zn-O(phenolate) bond distance of 1.983(5) Å, in conjunction with the 0.288 Å displacement of Zn(II) above the cyclam N4 plane toward the phenolate, accounts for the extremely low pK a value of 5.8 for the pendant phenol. These facts about4a, in comparison with the previous findings for the Ni(II) (4b) and Cu(II) complexes (4c) with the same ligand, illustrate well the characteristics of zinc(II) ion coordination properties.
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  • 34
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Dioxocyclam ; 5,7-dioxo-1,4,8,11-tetra-azacyclotetradecane ; platinum tetrachloride ; crystal structure ; paramagnetic properties of ionic stacked structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The paramagnetic complex salt of diprotonated dioxocyclam (1,11-dihydro-5,7-dioxo-1,4,8,11tetra-azacyclotetradecane), Pt(II) tetrachloride and water has been synthesized in strongly acidic medium and identified by X-ray structure analysis. The crystals of [(C10H22N4O2)2+(PtCl4)2−]·H2O are monoclinic, space groupP21 c,M r=585.23,a=9.516(1) Å,b=11.926(1) Å,c=16.622(2) Å,β=102.88(2)°,V=1839(1)Å3,Z=4,D x=2.114 g cm−3, λ(MoK α)=0.70930 Å,μ=83.1 cm−1,F(000)=1128,T=292 K,R=0.019 for 2808 observed reflections withI 〉 3δ(I). Alternating moieties of diprotonated dioxocyclam and a PtCl 2− 4 anion form columns running down the c axis. Water molecules are localized in the intercolumnar space and contribute to the extensive hydrogen bond network. The macrocycle conformation is characterized by two sequences of torsional angles, corresponding to two different subunits. The shorter sequence idealized as (-sc, ap, -ac, + ac, ap, +sc) [sc( ±60°), ac( ±120°), ap(180°)], describing the C pseudosymmetric part of the molecule, is centered on a -CH2 group between the two peptide O-C-N-H fragments. The opposite C pseudosymmetric subunit has a nearly (-sc, ac, -SC, ap)2 conformation. Pt is square planar coordinated by four Cl atoms, Pt-Clαve = 2.306(8) Å. The shortest Pt ... Pt distance is 7.200(1) Å.
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  • 35
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    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 14 (1992), S. 247-256 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Inclusion compounds ; calixarene ; crystal structure ; hydrogen bonding ; amines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The structure of thep-t-butyldihomooxacalix[4]arene triethylamine (1 : 2 complex has been determined by X-ray crystallography. Crystals are monoclinic, space groupCc,a = 22.821(3),b = 15.257(3),c = 16.365(2) Å,β = 97.44(1)°,V = 5650(1) Å3,Z = 4,D calc = 1.03 g cm−3. One triethylamine (Et3N) molecule has one of its ethyl groups pointing inside the cavity of a calixarene molecule; its nitrogen atom is directed exo to this calixarene molecule and is involved in a hydrogen bond with one of the hydroxy groups of a neighbouring calixarene molecule. This scheme leads to columns of alternating host and guest molecules. The other Et3N molecule is in the interhost space. This feature allows us to define the title compound as a complex/clathrate hybrid.
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  • 36
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: 1,2-Dialkylated calix[4]arene ; crystal structure ; ethanol inclusion complex ; intramolecular hydrogen bonding patterns
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structure of the title compound (1 · C2H5OH) has been determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis and refined to anR-value of 0.074 for 2732 observed reflections [I 〉 2.0σ(I)]. Crystals are triclinic, space group P $$\bar 1$$ , witha = 13.6150(18),b = 13.7195(11),c = 16.5497(16) Å, α = 73.132(7),β = 66.165(9), γ = 65.580(8)° andZ = 2. Calix[4]arene (1) adopts a relatively open distorted cone conformation in the solid state, with two pendantsyn-proximal O-CH2-Py groups. The major conformation determining features in (1 · C2H5OH) are the presence of (a) an intramolecular O-H...O hydrogen bond between adjacent proximal phenolic oxygens, O...O 2.719(7) Å and (b) an intramolecular O-H...N hydrogen bond between a phenolic oxygen and a proximal pyridinyl nitrogen, O...N 2.810(8) Å. The intramolecular hydrogen bonding and the interplanar angles of 65.1(3) and 50.7(3)° between opposite aromatic rings facilitate the inclusion of an ethanol molecule within the calixarene cup.
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  • 37
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Cation binding ; crown ether ; crystal structure ; lariat ether ; synthesis ; triaza-18-crown-6
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Details of a new synthetic approach to 4,10,16-triaza-18-crown-6 (‘triaza-18-crown-6’) are reported, along with the preparation and binding properties of the following derivatives having the indicated sidearms: CH2C≡CH, CH2CH2OH, CH2CH2OCH3, COCH2OCH3,CH2COOCH2CH3, CH2C6H5, and CH2C6H4−2−NO2. A key intermediate in the synthesis of triaza-18-crown-6 is 4-N-toluenesulfonyl-1,7,13-trioxa-4,10,16-triazacyclooctadecane-9,17-dione. This compound is found by solid state structure analysis to fold to form an intramolecular, doubly-hydrogen bonded complex in which the two N-H protons interact with the two tosyl group oxygens. Details of the structure are reported.
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  • 38
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 4 (1992), S. 377-383 
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: crystal structure ; molecular mechanics ; MM2-87 ; phenylmorphan ; phenyl-equatorial ; opioid ligand model ; μ-receptors ; K-receptors ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: (+)-2,9α-Dimethyl-5-(m-hydroxyphenyl)morphan is the only phenylmorphan analog whose affinity for opioid K-receptors is greater than its affinity for opioid κ-receptors. Pharmacologically, the compound is a pure opioid antagonist devoid of agonist activity in in vivo assays of antinociception. The absolute configuration of the compound has been determined to be (1R,5S,9R) from an X-ray crystallographic study of the chloride salt. Thus, the absolute configuration corresponds to that of the atypical opioid agonist (-)-phenylmorphan while the weak atypical agonist (-)-2,9α-dimethyl-5-(m-hydroxyphenyl)morphan corresponds to the potent morphine-like (+)-phenylmorphan. The preferred orientations of the phenyl ring for the two stereoisomers were determined using the molecular mechanics program MM2-87 and found to vary from that of the two parent compounds. The atypical properties of the two 9α-methyl analogs is consistent with an opioid ligand model which proposes that morphine-like properties require a particular range of phenyl orientations. There was good agreement between the structure obtained from X-ray crystallography and computed with the MM2-87 program. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 39
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    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 30 (1992), S. 1469-1482 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: poly(2,6-oxynaphthoate) ; crystal structure ; whiskers ; lamellae ; unit cell ; transitions ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Electron diffraction from single crystal lamellae and whiskers of poly(2,6-oxynaphthoate) reveals the presence of at least 3 unit cells. The equatorial reflections in the patterns from the whiskers correspond to the dominant (phase I) hk0 diffraction pattern from the lamellae; phase I is monoclinic with 2 chemical repeats per physical repeat. The intensity distributions in the hk0 patterns of phase I and II resemble those of the same phases in poly(p-oxybenzoate). The hk0 reflections of phase III suggest a common internapthalene unit spacing, but variable lateral (and possibly axial) shifts; apparently related orthorhombic and monoclinic patterns, with variable γ*, are observed. At elevated temperature, above the crystalliquid crystal transition (ca. 330°C), quadrant reflections are retained; the change in the hk0 pattern from any given crystal is gradual, extending over some 40°C. Above the liquid crystal-liquid crystal transition (ca. 460°C) the pattern can be interpreted in terms of nematic or possibly smectic A packing. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 40
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 13 (1992), S. 133-142 
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Group I introns ; intron homing ; rDNA inheritance in Tetrahymena ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have previously argued from phylogenetic sequence data that the group I intron in the rRNA genes of Tetrahymena was acquired by different Tetrahymena species at different times during evolution. We have now approached the question of intron mobility experimentally by crossing intron+ and intron- strains looking for a strong polarity in the inheritance of the intron (intron homing). Based on the genetic analysis we find that the intron in T. pigmentosa is inherited as a neutral character and that intron+ and intron- alleles segregate in a Mendelian fashion with no sign of intron homing. In an analysis of vegetatively growing cells containing intron+ and intron- rDNA, initially in the same macronucleus, we similarly find no evidence of intron homing.During the course of this work, we observed to our surprise that progeny clones from some crosses contained three types of rDNA. One possible explanation is that T. pigmentosa has two rdn loci in contrast to the single locus found in T. thermophila. Some of the progeny clones from the genetic analysis were expanded for several hundred generations, and allelic assortment of the rDNA was demonstrated by subcloning analysis. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 41
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    Developmental Genetics 13 (1992), S. 151-159 
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Tetrahymena ; mutants ; secretion ; mucocysts ; immunofluorescence ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Dense-core granules represent an adaptation of specialized secretory cell to facilitate stimulus-regulated release of stored proteins. Such granules are a prominent feature of mammalian neuroendocrine and exocrine cells and are also well developed in the ciliates. In Tet-rahymena thermophila, the ability to generate mutants in dense-core granule biosynthesis and fusion presents a versatile system for dissecting steps in regulated exocytosis. We have previously shown that defective granules in such mutants could be characterized by several biochemical criteria, including buoyant density, which increases during maturation, and the degree of proteolytic processing of the content precursors. We have now used indirect immunofluorescence, taking advantage of a monoclonal antibody directed against a granule protein, to visualize the morphology and distribution of both granules and putative granule intermediates in mutant and wild-type cells. The results are consistent with the biochemical analysis and extend our characterization of the mutants, allowing us to distinguish four classes. In addition, the assay represents a powerful technique for diagnosis of new mutants. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 13 (1992), S. 174-179 
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Conjugation rescue ; Tetrahymena ; nonexcitable mutant ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The Tetrahymena nonreversal (TNR) mutants of Tetrahymena thermophila are behavioral mutants with nonexcitable membranes. When cells of the tnrB mutant were mated with wild type, a phenotypic change occurred about l h after pair formation. The pairs began to lose their heterotypic character in stimulation solution containing high potassium and, within 1 1/2h, they were not distinguishable from the wild-type homotypic pairs. On the contrary, although pairs of the tnrA and wild type also lost their heterotypic character about 1 1/2 h after pair formation, they never showed a full response as wild-type homotypic pairs. When tnrA was mated with tnrB more than 50% of pairs expressed a heterotypic pair character 2 h after pair formation, consistent with the tnrB defect having been rescued but not the tnrA defect. Thus, conjugation rescue of the mutant phenotype is locus dependent and probably reflects the nature of the gene products controlling voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 43
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 13 (1992), S. 194-202 
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Cellular morphogenesis ; polyphos-photidylinositide cycle ; myo-inositol ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The long-known teratogenic effects (dorsalisation) of lithium on amphibian embryos has recently raised renewed interest. As it is known that lithium blocks the polyphosphoinositide (PI) cycle, causing a depressed level of myo-inositol, and as injections of myo-inostiol have been shown to rescue the effects of Li+, it was postulated that Li+ causes a flattening of gradients of PI cycle activity underlying the developmental polarities. We have studied the effect of Li+ on the morphogenesis of the unicellular organism, Paramecium. We show (1) that exposure to 25 mM Li+ during division yields precise distorsions of the cortical pattern that can be explained by a uniformisation of surface growth i.e. partial suppression of the right/left and antero/posterior asymmetries and (2) that Li+ effects are rescued by injection of myo- inositol. These results suggest that spatially graded activity of the PI cycle (ensuring in turn a spatially graded distribution of secondary messengers directly involved in the morphogenetic processes) appeared early in evolution. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 44
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 13 (1992), S. 216-222 
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Tetrahymena ; partial cytokinesis ; Positioning ; cdaA1 mutant ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: During cytokinesis, furrowing creates new boundaries for daughter cells. Following a shift to a restrictive temperature, cells of the temperature-sensitive cell-division-arrest (cdaA1) mutant of Tetrahymena thermophila complete development of the oral apparatus for the prospective posterior daughter cell before becoming arrested in cytokinesis. When maintained under weak restrictive conditions (35°C), some of the chains were arrested prior to the start of fission line formation (D-shaped chains), whereas others manifested rudimentary unilateral furrowing on the ventral side (B-shaped chains). In their second cell cycle following the temperature shift, the D-shaped chains usually formed only one oral primordium, at a position highly correlated with the length of the entire chain. The B-shaped chains always produced two separate oral primordia, located at irregular positions anterior and posterior to the division furrow, often close to the posterior oral apparatus produced during the first cycle. These results suggest that the formation of the fission line sets a reference boundary to assess the number of oral primordia and influence their position, that appear during subsequent morphogenetic episodes. They also indicate that, during cell division cycles, pre-existing oral apparatuses do not strongly inhibit the formation of new oral apparatuses in their close vicinity. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 45
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 13 (1992), S. 223-228 
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Micronucleus ; macronucleus ; conjugation ; oral apparatus ; nuclear transplantation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Paramecium caudatum loses the ability to form food vacuoles at the crescent stage of the micronucleus from 5 to 6 hr after the initiation of conjugation and regains it immediately after the third division of the zygotic nucleus. To assess the micronuclear function in the development of the oral apparatus after coniugation, prezygotic micronuclei was removed from cells at various stages of conjugation, and their ability to form food vacuoles were examined. (1) When all of the prezygotic micronuclear derivatives were eliminated before the stage of formation of the zygotic nucleus, the exconjugant did not regain its ability. (2) When a zygotic nucleus or postzygotic nuclei were removed, in some cases the cell formed as many food vacuoles as did nonoperated cells after conjugation, while in other operated cells the number of food vacuoles was subnormal. (3) When a micronucleus from a cell at vegetative phase (G1) was transplanted into a cell of an amicronucleate mating pair at the stage between 8 and 9 hr after the initiation of conjugation, the implanted cell regained the ability to form food vacuoles. However, no cell regained the ability when the implantation was carried out within 1 hr after the separation of the mates. The results show that the micronucleus plays an indispensable role in the development of the oral apparatus at the stages of exchange of gametic nuclei and fertilization and that the micronucleus transplanted from asexual cells can fulfill this function. On the other hand, removal of the macronucleus from exconjugants showed that the maternal macronucleus also has an indispensable function in regaining the ability to form food Vacuoles. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 46
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Lembadion-factor ; cell-transformation ; Euplotes octocarinatus ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A morphogenetically active substance released by the predatory ciliate Lem-badion bullinum is recognized by ciliates of the genus Euplotes, which are potential prey organisms of Lembadion. The substance (L-factor) induces cells of the genus Euplotes to become less compact, which reduces their likelihood of becoming engulfed. Under the influence of this Lembadion- derived signal, E. octocarinatus develops extended wings and dorsal and ventral ridges and transforms within a few hours from its typical ovoid morph into an enlarged circular morph. This takes place without cell division. We have isolated the L-factor and report that it is a protein with a mass of 31,500 Da. The factor has been purified to chromatographic and electrophoretic homogeneity and was found to be active at concentrations as low as 10-12 mol/L. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 47
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 13 (1992), S. 235-240 
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Micronuclei ; laser tweezers ; micro-manipulation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have constructed a laser optical force trap (“laser tweezers”) by coupling an Nd:YAG laser to an optical microscope with a high numerical aperture objective. The laser beam (approximately 0.1 W power) is focused to a diffraction-limited spot at the specimen plane of the objective: the wavelength chosen (1,064 nm) is not strongly absorbed by most biological materials and is thus not ablative. Because the intensity of the laser beam increases towards the center of the focal spot, small particles brought near the spot will be attracted to the center and held there. Movement of the laser beam will tend to move any trapped particles with it. The laser tweezers can permit precise, nondestructive repositioning of small structures inside a living cell, without recourse to micromanipulators. Initial work has involved the use of laser tweezers on cells of Paramecium tet-raurelia held by a rotocompressor. We have been able to trap and reposition small organelles, especially the highly refractile structures known as crystals. Using a trapped crystal as a “tool”, we have been able to push micronuclei and other structures for many micrometers to virtually any desired location in a cell. In spite of extended exposure of specific structures and of individual cells to the laser beam, no damage has been detectible. Exposed cells, which were removed from the rotocompres-sor and cultured, showed complete viabilty. The laser tweezers technique shows tremendous potential for applications to the study of many fundamental cellular and developmental phenomena in paramecia and other ciliates. For example, we intend to use this technique to investigate temporal and spatial characteristics of nuclear determining regions during sexual reorganization in Paramecium. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 48
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 13 (1992), S. 256-263 
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Minute mutations ; oogenesis ; Drosophila ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Antisense RNAs have been used for gene interference experiments in many cell types and organisms. However, relatively few experiments have been conducted with antisense genes integrated into the germ line. In Drosophila reduced ribosomal protein (r-protein) gene function has been hypothesized to result in a Minute phenotype. In this report we examine the effects of antisense r-protein 49 expression, a gene known to correspond to a Minute mutation An antisense rp49 gene driven by a strong and inducible promoter was transformed into the Drosophila germ line. Induction of this gene led to the development of flies with weak Minute phenotypes and to the transient arrest of oogenesis. Parameters that may affect the success of antisense gene inactivation are discussed. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 49
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Zea mays ; endosperm development ; in situ hybridization ; zein spatial expression ; highlysine mutants ; Opaque-2 transcript localization ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Endosperm development in maize seed involves the multiplication, enlargement, and differentiation of cells with consequent accumulation of storage products. The storage protein genes, encoding zeins, and glutelins (multigene families) are expressed and developmentally regulated by different loci. Wild-type lines and genotypes carrying mutations at loci affecting zein synthesis (o2, o7, fl2, and prol) were characterized at the molecular level and investigated by Northern analysis in order to define the expression of structural and regulatory genes. In situ hybridization in both wild-type and mutant lines was performed to visualize the spatial distribution of transcripts representing each gene family, during endosperm development. The zein and glutelin mRNAs are expressed in all endosperm cells, except for the aleurone layer. However, each mRNA type accumulates at a different level in the various endosperm regions, thus allowing to recognize specific territories of expression for each storage protein mRNA within the tissue. The spatial expression patterns appear early for each gene type and are maintained during the course of endosperm development. Also, the quantitative distribution of the same transcripts in endosperm of mutant lines is specific for each mutant and different from that of the wild-type. Furthermore, the amount of the O2 transcript, present in the nucleus and cytoplasm of wild-type cells, varies substantially in the different o2 mutations considered, in one mutant almost exclusively confined within the nucleus. These data suggest a specific control of the spatial expression of storage protein genes and a heterogeneous molecular composition of protein bodies throughout the endosperm tissue. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 50
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Thyroid hormone ; carbamyl phosphate synthetase ; Rana catesbeiana ; metamorphosis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: During both spontaneous and thyroid hormone (TH)-induced metamorphosis, the Rana catesbeiana tadpole undergoes postembryonic developmental changes in its liver which are necessary for its transition from an ammonotelic larva to a ureotelic adult. Although this transition ultimately results from marked increases in the activities and/or de novo synthesis of the urea cycle enzymes, the precise molecular means by which TH exerts this tissue-specific response are presently unknown. Recent reports, using RNA from whole Xenopus laevis tadpole homogenates and indirect means of measuring TH receptor (TR) mRNAs, suggest a correlation between the up-regulation of TRβ-mRNAs and the general morphological changes occurring during amphibian metamorphosis. To assess whether or not this same relationship exists in a TH-responsive tissue, such as liver, we isolated and characterized a cDNA clone containing the complete nucleotide sequence for a R. catesbeiana urea cycle enzyme, ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), as well as a genomic clone containing a portion of the hormone-binding domain of a R. catesbeiana TRβ gene. Through use of these homologous sequences and a heterologous cDNA fragment encoding rat carbamyl phosphate synthetase (CPS), we directly determined the relative levels of the TRβ, OTC, and CPS mRNAs in liver from spontaneous and TH-induced tadpoles. Our results establish that TH affects an up-regulation of mRNAs for its own receptor prior to up-regulating CPS and OTC mRNAs. Moreover, results with cultured tadpole liver demonstrate that TH, in the absence of any other hormonal influence, can affect an up-regulation of both the TRβ and OTC mRNAs. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 51
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: rRNA ; litostomes ; hypotrichs ; hetero-trichs ; karyorelictids ; postciliodesmatophora ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: An rRNA phylogeny of 22 species of ciliates belonging to seven of Small and Lynn's eight classes has been obtained by distance and parsimony methods. It displays good congruence with classical systematics at low taxonomic levels and several major surprises at higher levels: (1) The species analyzed group into five major branches, four of which emerge almost simultaneously: hypotrichs, oligohymenophorans, lito-stomes, and nassophoreans corresponding to four of Small and Lynn's classes. The simultaneous emergence of these groups contradicts the long accepted view that litostomes (a group with “simple”, symmetrical, apical oral apparatus) are “primitive,” while hypotrichs are “highly evolved.” (2) Heterotrichs group with a karyorelictid, together forming the first emerging branch. While this supports the view that karyorelictids may be early-emerging ciliates, it completely explodes the traditional “spirotrichs” taxon, which united heterotrichs and hypotrichs. Instead, this reinforces the concept of Postciliodesmatophora and suggests that asymmetric oral apparatuses (i.e., with distinct paroral and adoral ciliatures) may be primitive in ciliates. The global topology of the tree therefore does not fit with the classical views of ciliate evolution, from “simple” oral apparatus and stomatogenesis to “complex” ones. Instead, a rather striking agreement with the strategy adopted to construct the cortical framework was disclosed. We noted that the cytoskeletal elements used to strengthen the cell surface could be subdivided into four main types: epiplasm, filaments, continuous microtu-bules, or basal body derived fibers. These four types fitted quite well with the major evolutionary lines disclosed by the molecular phylogeny. We therefore discuss unorthodox hypotheses assuming an early explosive radiation of ciliates into a small number of major lineages differing essentially in the solution adopted to subtend the cell surface and anchor the infraciliature. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 52
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    Developmental Genetics 13 (1992), S. 277-288 
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Broad-Complex ; gypsy ; eggshell ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The Broad-Complex (BR-C) appears to encode factors that mediate ecdysone effects during the larva-adult transition. The main goal of this study was to gain insight into what roles the BR-C might play during oogenesis. The main findings are as follows. First, as determined by heteroallele studies and clonal analysis, de12 is a somatic line mutation that appears to fall into the broad domain of the BR-C. Second, the de12 mutation is associated with the insertion of the gypsy transposon at position 169.5 (Chao and Guild, Embo J, 1986, 5:143-150) in the BR-C domain. In its new context this gypsy element exhibits ovarianspecific activation. Both this gypsy activation and the de12 phenotype are partially suppressible by su(f) and su(Hw). Third, we have identified a set of transcripts that cross-hybridize with BR-C sequence spanning the gypsy insertion site (166-179). There are significant differences in these cross-hybridizing species, both in size and relative abundance, between de12 and its parent strain. Finally we have determined that in de12 there is a premature arrest of chorion gene amplification in the late stages of oogenesis. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 53
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    Developmental Genetics 13 (1992), S. 302-305 
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Arginine kinase ; developmental regulation ; Drosophila ; ecdysone ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Arginine kinase displays a distinctive rise and fall in specific activity and specific protein levels during the prepupal stage of Drosophila development with maximal activity occurring at morphological stage P3. This developmentally regulated peak is under the influence of ecdysone. Altered doses of the major ecdysone-inducible “early” genes at cytological regions 75B and 2B5 alter this pattern of expression while altered doses of another major “early” gene at 74EF have no effect. We hypothesize that a product of the 2B5 locus and a product of the 75B locus interact to effect this developmental pattern of expression of Drosophila arginine kinase. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 54
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 13 (1992) 
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
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  • 55
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 13 (1992), S. 319-325 
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Mammalianembryos ; compaction ; cavitation ; blastocoel expansion ; gene transcription ; mRNA ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: This review summarizes information on accumulation profiles of individual gene transcripts in preimplantation development. Most of the information is from the mouse, but some data from other species are reviewed as well. The principal finding is that the transcription of most genes is not temporally linked with any of the three morphogenetic transitions (compaction, cavitation, and blastocoel expansion) that characterize this period. Most genes that are expressed during pre-implantation development of the mouse are already being transcribed in the 4-cell stage, and some clearly begin as early as the 2-cell stage. Once activated, a gene continues to be transcribed at least into the blastocyst stage, resulting in continuous mRNA accumulation. Thus the pattern of gene transcription established at the time of genomic activation in the 2-cell stage is perpetuated into the blastocyst, with a few additions along the way. This information is interpreted in light of previous findings concerning the sensitivity of morphogenetic transitions to inhibition of gene expression. The lack of a clear relationship between the timing of expression of most genes and the schedule of morphogenesis leads one to conclude that temporal regulation is imposed downstream of transcription and translation. This conclusion is substantiated by a consideration of factors controlling the events of compaction. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 56
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; imaginal disc ; epithelial morphogenesis ; ecdysone ; steroid hormone secondary response ; pupariation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Drosophila imaginal discs are induced by the steroid hormone 20-hydroxy-ecdysone to initiate morphogenesis leading to formation of the adult appendages and thoracic epidermis at the end of the third larval instar. Ecdysone-dependent transcriptional activation of a set of genes that encode imaginal disc transcripts found on membrane-bound polysomes precedes and may be responsible for some aspects of the cellular changes that mediate epithelial morpho-genesis in this system. A 1.35 kb transcript from one of these genes, IMP-L1, is first observed in vivo at or just prior to pupariation, as ecdysone titers are peaking and beginning to decline. Expression is initiated in proximal areas of the antennal disc, later spreading to a more widespread but nonuniform distribution throughout other thoracic imaginal discs. IMP-L1 is not, however, expressed in other ecdysone target tissues such as salivary glands or fat body. The IMP-L1 gene encodes a novel protein product containing a signal peptide, a possible transmembrane domain, two highly charged domains and a proline rich C-terminal domain. We suggest that the delayed timing of expression of this secondary response gene is necessary for proper ordering of cellular events associated with disc morphogenesis. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 57
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 13 (1992) 
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
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  • 58
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 13 (1992), S. 87-93 
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Chromosome fragmentation ; ciliated protozoa ; copy number control ; DNA rearrangement ; gene amplification ; mating type determination ; nuclear dimorphism ; polymerase chain reaction ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Ciliates possess nuclear dimorphism, i.e., they carry two structurally and functionally differentiated types of nuclei. The micronucleus and macronucleus serve as the germline and somatic nuclei, respectively, of the cell. The macronucleus differentiates from a mitotic sister of the micronucleus once per life cycle. Macronuclear differentiation is accompanied by a developmentally programmed set of DNA rearrangements, including chromosome fragmentation, telomere addition, and amplification. Given the diploidy of the MAC anlage, are both homologous copies of a chromosome processed and amplified equally and simultaneously in an individual differentiating MAC? We have approached this question for the case of the rDNA, exploiting previously identified DNA polymorphisms and the sensitivity of PCR. We determined allelic ratios in individual caryonide cells, i.e., the cells carrying the primary products of MAC differentiation, prior to the first division of the newly differentiated MAC. We observed stochastic variability in allelic ratios among caryonides that start with genetically identical heterozygous MACs. Either rDNA type can be in the majority. Appropriate controls make it unlikely that the ratios observed were significantly affected by variation in the assay itself. The variability may well result from the statistical variation associated with the relative timing of individual biochemical events initiating the processing and/or amplification of a few rDNA precursor molecules, presumably 4-8 at the most, in a MAC anlage. In addition to this stochastic variability, we observed a small but distinct bias in favor of the C3 rDNA. Thus the replication advantage of C3 relative to B rDNA in heterozygous MACs, previously detected during vegetative multiplication, may begin to be expressed during developmental amplification. We discuss the relevance of this stochastic developmental variability to classical genetic observations of Nanney and their collaborators on other T. thermophila loci. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 59
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 609 (1992), S. 95-98 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Tungsten bronze, Cs0.29WO3 ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: A Novel Synthetic Access to the Tungsten Bronze Cs0.29WO3 and its Crystal StructureThe hexagonal tungsten bronze Cs0.29WO3 was obtained in form of black, prismatic crystal by the reduction of WO3 with molten cesium iodide at 700°C. Its crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction (399 unique observed reflexions, R = 0.058). Crystal data: a = 741.2(3), c = 760.0(5) pm, space group P6322, Z = 6. It corresponds to the known structure of hexagonal tungsten bronzes, having tungsten atoms displaced from the octahedra centres by 11.9 pm and with three different W—O bond lengths (198, 191, 187 pm). The WO6 octahedra are slightly titled mutually.
    Notes: Bei der Reaktion von WO3 in einer Caesiumiodid-Schmelze bei 700°C entsteht die hexagonale Wolframbronze Cs0.29WO3 in Form schwarzer, hexagonal-prismatischer Kristalle. Ihre Struktur wurde durch Röntgenbeugung bestimmt (399 beobachtete unabhängige Reflexe, R = 5,8%). Kristalldaten: a = 741,2(3), c = 760,0(5) pm, Raumgruppe P6322, Z = 6. Es handelt sich um die bekannte Struktur der hexagonalen Wolframbronzen mit Wolframatomen, die aus den Oktaedermitten um 11,9 pm herausgerückt sind und mit drei verschiedenen W—O-Bindungslängen (198, 191, 187 pm). Die WO6-Oktaeder sind leicht gegeneinander verkippt.
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  • 60
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 609 (1992), S. 99-102 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Diphosphete ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: X-Ray Crystal Structure Determination of 1,3-Bis(diethylamino)-1,3-dibenzyl-2,4-diphenyl-1λ5, 3λ5-diphospheteBenzylidene-diethylamino-benzylfuorophosphorane, 1, reacts with lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide to give the title compounds 2 and 1-diethylamino-2,3-diphenylphosphirane, 3. Only one of the stereoisomers of 2 is formed in which the two benzyl groups are located on the same side of the planar four-membered ring. 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n.
    Notes: Benzyliden-diethylamino-benzylfuorphosphoran, 1, reagiert mit Lithium-bis(trimethylsilyl)-amid zur Titelverbindung 2 und 1-Diethylamino-2,3-diphenylphosphiran, 3. Von 2 wird nur das Stereoisomer gebildet, bei dem die beiden Benzylgruppen auf der gleichen Seite des ebenen viergliedrigen Rings angeordnet sind. 2 kristallisiert in der monoklinen Raumgruppe P21/n.
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  • 61
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 609 (1992), S. 153-156 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Xenon oxygen compounds ; Xe(OTeF5)4 ; O2Xe(OTeF5)2 ; preparation ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Strukturen von Xenon-Sauerstoff-VerbindungenDie Struktur des lange bekannten Xe(OTeF5)4 wurde durch die Kristallstrukturanalyse aufgeklärt. Das Xenonatom ist von vier Sauerstoffatomen in einer regelmäßigen quadratisch planaren Anordnung umgeben. O2Xe(OTeF5)2 ensteht gemäß O — Xe(OTeF5)4 → O2Xe(OTeF5)2 + F5Te—O—TeF5. Die Struktur - wiederum mit Hilfe der Röntgenstrukturanalyse bestimmt - zeigt das Xenonatom in einer sehr verzerrten tetraedrischen oder pseudo-trigonal bipyramidalen Umgebung. Das Elektronenpaarabstoßungsmodell versagt hier bei der Erklärung der Feinheiten dieser Struktur.
    Notes: The structure of long known Xe(OTeF5)4 is established by x-ray crystallography. The xenon atom is surrounded by four equidistant oxygen atoms in a square planar manner. O2Xe(OTeF5)2 is formed according to OXe(OTeF5)4 → O2Xe(OTeF5)2 + F5TeOTeF5, Its structure, again established by x-ray crystallography, shows a very distorted tetrahedral or pseudo-trigonal bipyramidal xenon environment. The electron pair repulsion models fails here in explaining the details of this geometry.
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  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 607 (1992), S. 91-95 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Rhenium complexes ; synthesis ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Hydronium-tris-ethylenediamine-cobalt(rhodium)-μ-trichloro-nonachlorotrirhenate(III)-chloride, H3O[MEn3][Re3Cl12]Cl (M=Co, Rh)The chlorides H3O[MEn3][Re3Cl12]CI (M = Co, 1; Rh, 2) crystallize from hydrochloric acid solutions of ReCl3 and MEn3 · 3H2O as deep red hexagonal columns. They are isotypic and crystallize with the hexagonal system (P6, Z = 1; 1: a = 1010.87(3); c = 794.30(4) pm, R = 0.023, Rw = 0.016; 2: a = 1018.58(3); c = 794.74(4) pm, R = 0.026, Rw = 0.018). The anions [Re3Cl12]3- are connected via H3O+ cation (C.N. 3). The large channels that run in the [001] direction contain, alternatively, the cations [MEn3]3+ and the lonesome Cl--anions
    Notes: Die Chloride H3O[MEn3][Re3CI12]CI(M = Co, 1; Rh, 2) Kristallisieren in Form tiefroter hexagonaler Säulen aus salzsauren Lösungen von ReCI3 und MEn3CI3 · 3H2O aus. Sie sind isotyp und Kristallisieren im hexagonalen System (P6, Z = 1; 1: a = 1010,87(3); C = 794,30(4)pm, Rw = 0,016; : a = 1018,58(3); c = 794,74(4)pm, R = 0,026, Rw = 0,018). Die Anionen [ Re3Cl12]3- werden über H3O+ (C.N. 3) verknüpft; in die entstehenden Kanäle sind längs [001] abwechselnd die Kationen [MEn3]3+ und die einsamen Cl--Ionen eingelagert.
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  • 63
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 607 (1992), S. 121-123 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Quaternary fluorides ; preparation ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: New Investigations on Quaternary FluoridesFor the first time the quaternary fluorides M12MIILnF7 (M1 = Na, Ag; MII = Ca, Cd; Ln = Er—Lu) had been prepared and examined with with X-ray diffraction. All these compounds crystallize in a cubic face-centered lattice. Colourless single crystals of Na2CdYbF7 were obtained and the structure was determined. Na2CdYbF7 crystallizes in the space group Fm3M-O5h, No. 225. The single-crystal diffraction data refer to a Defect-Fluorite-Structure. The R-value for 332 observed (29 independend) reflections is 2.2%.
    Notes: Erstmals wurden die quarternären Fluoride M12M11LnF7 (M1 = Na, Ag; M11 = Ca, Cd; Ln = Er—Lu) dargestellt und röntgenographisch untersucht. Alle Verbindungen kristallisieren kubisch flächenzentriert. An farblosen Einkristallen von Na2CdYbF7 wurde eine Strukturbestimmung durchgeführt. Na2CdYbF7 kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe Fm3m-O5h, Nr. 225. Die Meßwerte verweisen auf eine Defekt-Fluorit-Struktur. Der R-Wert fär 332 beobachtete (29 unabhängige) Röntgenreflexe beträgt 2,2%.
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  • 64
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 614 (1992), S. 65-72 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Transition metal halides acetylacetonate complexes ; preparation ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Addition of Transition Metal Dihalides to Acetylacetonates of Divalent Metal IonsTransition metal dihalides aMIIX2 (FeCl2, CoCl2 NiBr2 etc.) are added by the chelates MII(acac)2 under formation of binuclear complexes (THF)2MII(acac)2(aMIIX2). The octahedral and the tetrahedral centre of these compounds are connected by tridentate oxygen atoms of the two acetylacetonato ligands which are simultaneously included in four-membered rings (MIIO2aMII). The addition is combined with a deformation of the octahedral centre, as a prerequisite of a closest package of the atoms within the MIIO2aMII-ring.In the trinuclear complex (THF)2Ni(acac)2(HgCl2)2 III the interaction between the three coordination centres is weak. No structural change of the octahedral centre (THF)2Ni(acac)2 is found, but the HgCl2-groups diverge slightly from linearity (Cl—Hg—Cl 171.1°).No binuclear complexes with a central ion of the oxidation state III in the octahedral centre were obtained. One reason is the lowered donor strength of the bidentate Lewis base function of the octahedral centre [(THF)2Mn+(acac)2]n-2 with M+3 as a centralatom. Reacting systems with di- and trivalent ions prefer ionic complexes, as it is shown by the formation of [(THF)2V(acac)2][(THF)CoCl3] IV from VCl3 and Co(acac)2.The crystal structures of (THF)2Co(acac)2CoCl2II and [(THF)2V(acac)2][(THF)CoCl3] IV were determined by x-ray diffraction. II: orthorhombic-primitive; space group P212121, Z = 4; a = 967.4(2), b = 1453.4(3), c = 1715.9(4) pm; R = 0.049 for 3084 observed reflections. IV: triclinic; space group P1, Nr. 2; Z = 2; a = 871,5(2), b = 930,6(3), c = 1865,6(6) pm; α = 101,70(2), b̃ = 92,45(2), γ = 91,06(2)°; R = 0,060 für 4221 observed reflections.
    Notes: Bis(acetylacetonate) von Magnesium(II), Cobalt(II) oder Nickel(II) addieren Dihalogenide wie FeCl2, CoCl2 oder NiBr2 (aMIIX2) unter Bildung binuklearer Komplexe (THF)2MII(acac)2(aMIIX2), in denen ein oktaedrisches und ein tetraedrisches Zentrum über zwei dreibindige Sauerstoffatome der Acetylacetonatliganden miteinander verknüpft sind (Bildung eines viergliedrigen MIIO2aMII-Ringes). Die Addition ist mit einer Deformation des oktaedrischen Zentrums verbunden, die eine dichte Packung der vier Atome des MIIO2aMII-Ringes ermöglicht.Im trinuklearen Komplex (THF)2Ni(acac)2(HgCl2)2 III bleibt die Wechselwirkung zwischen den drei Koordinationszentren gering. Das oktaedrische Zentrum (THF)2Ni(acac)2 wird strukturell nicht verändert, allerdings weichen die beiden HgCl2-Bausteine (Valenzwinkel 171,1°) von der Linearität ab.Es gelang nicht, binukleare Komplexe mit einem Zentralatom der Oxidationsstufe III im oktaedrischen Zentrum darzustellen. Ein Grund dafür ist die verringerte Donorstärke der zweizähligen Lewisbasen-Funktion im oktaedrischen Zentrum [(THF)Mn+(acac)2]n-2 für M+3 als Zentralion. Reaktive Systeme mit zwei- und dreiwertigen Kationen weichen auf die Seite von ionischen Komplexen aus, wie die Bildung von [(THF)2V(acac)2][(THF)CoCl3] IV aus VCl3 und Co(acac)2 zeigt.Die Kristallstrukturen von (THF)2Co(acac)2CoCl2 II und [(THF)2V(acac)2][(THF)CoCl3] IV wurden durch Röntgenbeugung bestimmt.II: orthorhombisch primitiv, Raumgruppe P212121, Z = 4; a = 967,4(2), b = 1453,4(3), c = 1715,9(4) pm; R = 0,049 für 3084 beobachtete Reflexe.IV: triklin, Raumgruppe P1, Nr.2; Z = 2; a = 871,5(2), b = 930,6(3), c = 1865,6(6) pm; α = 101,70(2), b̃ = 92,45(2), γ = 91,06(2)°; R = 0,060 für 4221 beobachtete Reflexe.
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  • 65
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 610 (1992), S. 145-150 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Iodinetrimethylsilane · β-picoline ; -.γ-picoline ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Crystal Structure of Me3SiI · β-Picoline and Me3SiI · γ-Picoline A Comparison between the Lewis-Bases Pyridine, β-Picoline, and γ-PicolineThe reaction of Iodinetrimethylsilane with β- und γ-Picoline (Pic) leads to solid 1 : 1 compounds Me3SiI · β-Picoline 1, Me3SiI · γ-Picoline 2. The reaction was performed at room temperature. Yellow single crystals were obtained by sublimation. Single crystal X-ray investigations confirm that both compounds are ionic [Me3SiPic]+I-. The comparison of β-Picoline with γ-Picoline and Pyridine (Py) demonstrates that the presence of a methyl group and also its position has no significant influence on the Si—N bond length in compound 1, 2 and on the adduct Me3SiI · Py.
    Notes: Iodtrimethylsilan reagiert mit β- und γ-Picolin (Pic) bei Raumtemperatur zu festen 1 : 1 Addukten (M3SiI · β-Picolin 1, Me3SiI · γ-Picolin 2), die durch Sublimation leicht gelblich gefärbte Einkristalle bilden. Die Röntgenstrukturanalyse beider Verbindungen beweist eine ionische Struktur des Typs [Me3SiPic]+ I-. Der Vergleich von β-Picolin mit γ-Picolin und Pyridin (Py) zeigt, daß die Anwesenheit einer Methylgruppe und auch deren Position keinen signifikanten Einfluß auf die Si—N-Bindungslänge in Verbindung 1, 2 und dem Addukt Me3SiI · Py hat.
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  • 66
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Cesium hydroxide hydrates ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Hydrates of Weak and Strong Bases. VII. Concerning the System Cesium Hydroxide - Water: The Crystal Structures of CsOH · 2H2O and CsOH · 3H2OIn the context of structural studies of hydrates of the alkali metal hydroxide the crystal structure of CsOH · 2H2O and CsOH · 3H2O have been determined for the first time. The diffractometer data, obtained at -150 · C,made it possible to locate and refine also all the H-atoms. The dihydrate was found to probably form only one phase, melting incongruently at 2,5 · C. It is orthorhombic with space group Pca21 and Z = 8 formula units per unit cell. The lattice constants are a = 13.238, b = 6.747 and c = 9.121 A. With 1870 independent observed reflection a final R value of 0.013 was obtained. The trihydrate, melting congruently et -5.5 ·C, is monoclinic with space group P21/n,Z = 4 and lattice constants a = 8.637, b = 5.984, c = 10.061 Å and ß = 96.57 ·. With 2098 independent observed reflection the final R is 0.026. In both hydrate structures there are no simple characteristic coordination polyhedra for the cations; in each case it is rather the hydrogen-bonded and fully ordered anionic water structure which shows up as the determining building principle. Both these water structures are altogether three-dimensional, but primarily contain layers. The anionic layers are formed by condensation of small and medium rings, namely four-, five- and seven-membered rings in CsOH · 2H2O and four-, five- and six membered ones in CsOH · 3H2O. They are linked together by one set each of extra H2O molecules between the layers as well as by the Cs+ ions.
    Notes: In Zusammenhang mit Untersuchungen zur Struktur von Hydraten der Alkalimetallhydroxide wurden die Kristallstrukturen von CsOH · 2H2O und CsoH · 3H2O erstmalig bestimmt. Die bei - 150°C erhaltenen Diffraktometerdaten erlaubten dabei auch die Lokalisierung und Verfeinerung Sämtlicher H-Atome. Das nach eigenen Untersuchungen wahrscheinlich nur einphasig vorliegende Dihydrat schmilzt inkongruent bei 2,5°C und kristallisiert orthorhombisch mit der Raumgruppe Pca21 und Z = 8 Formeleinheiten pro Elementarzelle sowie den Gitterkonstanten a = 13,238, b = 6,747 und c = 9,121 ß. Mit 1870 unabhängigen beobachteten Reflexen wurde ein abschließender R-Wert von 0,013 erreicht. Das bei - 5,5°C kongruent schmelzende Trihydrat ist monoklin mit der Raumgruppe P21/n und Z = 4. Die Gitterkonstanten betragen a = 8,637, b = 5,984, c = 10,061 A und ß = 96,57°. Mit 2098 unabhängigen beobachteten Reflexen liegt der abschließende R-Wert bei 0,026. In beiden Hydratstrukturen gibt es keine einfachen charakteristischen Koordinationspolyeder für die Kationen; vielmehr wird jeweils die durch H-Brücken gebildete und vollständig geordnete anionische Wasserstruktur zum bestimmenden Bauprinzip. Beide Wasserstrukturen sind insgesamt dreidimensional, enthalten primär aber Schichten. Die aus Kondensierten Kleinen und mittleren Ringen, nämlich Vier-, Fünf - und Siebenringen (CsOH · 2H2O) bzw. Vier-, Fünf- und Sechsringen (CsOH · 3H2O), bestehenden anionischen Schichten werden jeweils über einen Satz weiterer H2O-Moleküle zwischen den Schichten sowie über die Cs+-Ionen miteinander verknüpft.
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  • 67
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Phosphorane iminato complex of niobium ; synthesis ; IR spectrum ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Bis(triphenylphosphorane-iminato)niobium Trichloride, [NbCl3(NPPh3)2], a Complex with Coordination Number Five at the Niobium AtomThe title compound has been prepared from niobium pentachloride with Me3SiNPPh3 in acetonitrile solution, forming colourless, moisture sensitive crystals. They were characterized by IR spectroscopy and by an X-ray structure determination. [NbCl3(NPPh3)2] crystallizes monoclinically in the space group Cc with four formula units per unit cell, 3682 observed, unique reflections, R = 0.042%. Lattice dimensions at 20°C: a = 1025.1(2); b = 1870.6(6); c = 1832.5(5) pm, β = 91.83(2)°. The niobium atom of the complex is coordinated in a distorted trigonal bipyramidal fashion, while the nitrogen atoms of the two phosphorane iminato ligands are in equatorial position along with one chlorine atom. NbN and PN distances accord with double bonds; with a mean value of 242.0 pm the Nb—Cl distances are remarkably long.
    Notes: Die Titelverbindung entsteht in Form farbloser, feuchtigkeitsempfindlicher Kristalle bei der Reaktion von Niobpentachlorid mit Me3SiNPPh3 in Acetonitrillösung. Sie wird durch das IR-Spektrum und eine röntgenographische Strukturanalyse charakterisiert. [NbCl3(NPPh3)2] kristallisiert monoklin in der Raumgruppe Cc mit vier Formeleinheiten pro Elementarzelle, 3682 beobachtete unabhängige Reflexe, R = 4,2%. Gitterabmessungen bei 20°C: a = 1025,1(2); b = 1870,6(6); c = 1832,5(5) pm, β = 91,83(2)°. In dem Komplex ist das Niobatom verzerrt trigonal-bipyramidal koordiniert, wobei die N-Atome der beiden Phosphaniminatoliganden zusammen mit einem Chloratom äquatorial angeordnet sind. NbN- und PN-Abstände entsprechen Doppelbindungen; die Nb—Cl-Abstände sind mit dem Mittelwert von 242,0 pm auffällig lang.
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  • 68
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Weberite ; crystal structure ; nickel aluminium fluoride ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Crystal Structure of Na2NiAlF7  -  a Contribution to the Problem of the True Space Group of Orthorhombic WeberitesThe X-ray single crystal structure determination of the orthorhombic weberite Na2NiAlF7 (a = 707.4(2), b = 1003.8(2), c = 731.5(1) pm; Z = 4) was performed in space group Imma, after all reflections hk0 with h(k) = 2n + 1 could be eliminated, as they proved simulated by Renninger effect and/or λ/2 reflections. The alternative space groups Imm2 resp. I212121 of former weberite structure determinations thus became obsolete. The refinement using 880 independent reflections ended at wR = 0.0232. The resulting average distances within the framework of octahedra are Ni—F = 197.3, Al—F = 180.4 pm.
    Notes: Die Röntgen-Einkristallstrukturbestimmung des orthorhombischen Weberits Na2NiAlF7 (a = 707,4(2), b = 1003,8(2), c = 731,5(1) pm; Z = 4) wurde in der Raumgruppe Imma vorgenommen, nachdem alle Reflexe hk0 mit h(k) = 2n + 1 eliminiert werden konnten, weil sie sich durch Renninger-Effekt und/oder λ/2-Reflexe als vorgetäuscht erwiesen. Damit wurden die alternativen Raumgruppen Imm2 bzw. I212121 früherer Weberit-Strukturbestimmungen obsolet. Die Verfeinerung mit 880 unabhängigen Reflexen schloß ab mit wR = 0,0232. Die resultierenden Mittelwerte für die Abstände im Oktaedernetz betragen Ni—F = 197,3 pm, Al—F = 180,4 pm.
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  • 69
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 615 (1992), S. 16-18 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Ytterbium nitrates ; synthesis ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Molecular and Crystal Structure of Ytterbium(III)-triaqua-trinitrate, Yb(H2O)3(NO3)3Yb(H2O)3(NO3)3 crystallizes from a concentrated solution of Yb2O3 in nitric acid in a vacuum desiccator at ambient temperature as colourless single crystals. The crystal structure was determined from single crystal four-circle diffractometer data (R3, Z = 6, a = 1175.5(1), c = 1117.7(2) pm, Vm = 134.25 cm3/mol, R = 3.0%, Rw = 2.9%). The structure may be viewed at as a heavily compressed packing of [Yb(H2O)3(NO3)3] molecules. Yb3+ is coordinated by three bidentate nitrate ligands and three water molecules so that a tricapped trigonal prism (C.N. 9) of oxygen atoms results as the coordination polyhedron.
    Notes: Yb(H2O)3(NO3)3 kristallisiert aus einer konzentrierten Lösung von Yb2O3 in Salpetersäure im Vakuumexsikkator bei Raumtemperatur in Form farbloser Einkristalle aus. Die Kristallstruktur wurde aus Einkristall-Vierkreis-Diffraktometer-Daten bestimmt (R3, Z = 6, a = 1175,5(1), c = 1117,7(2) pm, Vm = 134,25 cm3/mol, R = 3,0%, Rw = 2,9%). Sie kann als stark gestauchte Kugelpackung von [Yb(H2O)3(NO3)3]- Molekülen aufgefaßt werden. In diesen ist Yb3+ von drei zweizähnigen Nitratliganden und drei Wassermolekülen in Form eines dreifach bekappten trigonalen Prismas (C. N. 9) von Sauerstoffatomen umgeben.
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  • 70
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 615 (1992), S. 39-42 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Bis(7-isopropyl-8-quinolinato)nickel(II) ; crystal structure ; association of nickel 8-quinolates ; steric hindrance ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chelates of 8-Quinolinol Derivatives. XII. Crystal and Molecular Structure of Bis(7-isopropyl-8-quinolinato)nickel(II)The crystal and molecular structure of bis(7-isopropyl-8-quinolinato)nickel(II) was determined by X-ray diffraction. The structure is monoclinic with the space group P21/n (Z = 2, 1403 observed independent reflections, R = 0.049. Lattice dimensions at 20°C: a = 1328.3(5) pm, b = 632.8(2) pm, c = 1330.0(5) pm, β = 112.99(3)°). The coordination of the nickel atom is planar with the quinoline rings in trans position.
    Notes: Die Kristallstruktur von Bis(7-isopropylchinolin-8-olato)nickel(II) wurde durch eine Röntgenkristallstrukturuntersuchung bestimmt. Es liegt ein monoklines Kristallsystem mit der Raumgruppe P21/n vor (Z = 2, beobachtete unabhängige Reflexe 1403, R = 4,9%, Gitterabmessungen bei 20°C: a = 1328,3(5) pm, b = 632,8(2) pm, c = 1330,0(5) pm, β = 112,99(3)°). Das Nickelatom ist planar koordiniert mit den beiden Chinolinringen in trans-Stellung.
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  • 71
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 612 (1992), S. 17-20 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Barium ; zinc ; oxygen ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Crystal Structure of Ba2ZnO3Single crystals of Ba2ZnO3 were prepared by solid state reaction. It crystallizes monoclinic: space group C62h — C12/c1; a = 5.833; b = 11.376; c = 12.585 Å; β = 93.63°; Z = 8. The crystal structure is characterised by 1∞[ZnO3] chains along [100]. They are connected by Ba2+ in seven fold oxygen coordination.
    Notes: Ba2ZnO3 wurde durch Festkörperreaktion in einkristalliner Form dargestellt. Es kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe C62h — C12/c1; a = 5,833; b = 11,376; c = 12,585 Å, β = 93,63°; Z = 8. Die Kristallstruktur ist durch 1∞[ZnO3]-Ketten längs [100] gekennzeichnet. Diese werden durch Ba2+ (siebenfach durch O2- koordiniert) verknüpft.
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  • 72
    Electronic Resource
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 612 (1992), S. 21-24 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Barium ; manganese ; neodymium ; oxygen ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On a New Oxometallate of Manganese (II): Ba5Mn4Nd8O21Single crystals of Ba5Mn4Nd8O21 were prepared for the first time by CO2-Laser technique using H2-atmosphere. It was investigated by a single crystal X-ray diffractometer study. Ba5Mn4Nd8O21 crystallizes with tetragonal symmetry space group: C54h—I4/m; a = 14.2104 Å; c = 5.8581 Å; Z = 2. Mn2+ is found in square pyramids of oxygen.
    Notes: Ba5Mn4Nd8O21 wurde erstmals mit CO2-Lasertechnik in H2-Atmosphäre dargestellt und an Einkristallen röntgenographisch untersucht. Es kristallisiert tetragonal in der Raumgruppe C54h—I4/m; a = 14,2104 Å; c = 5,8581 Å; Z = 2. Mn2+ liegt in tetragonal pyramidaler Sauerstoffkoordination vor.
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  • 73
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 612 (1992), S. 45-50 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Iodocuprates(I) ; solvated cations ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Structure Investigations of Iodocuprates(I). XV Iodocuprate(I) with Solvated Cations: [Li(CH3CN)4]1∞[Cu2I3] and [Mg{(CH3)2CO}6][Cu2I4][Li(CH3CN)4]1∞[Cu2I3] 1 and [Mg((CH3)2CO)6][Cu2I4] 2 were prepared by reactions of CuI with LiI in acetonitrile and of CuI with MgI2 in acetone. 1 crystallizes orthorhombic, Pnma, a = 552.7(2), b = 1258.8(8), c = 2516(1) pm, z = 4. [Li(CH3CN)4]+ cations are located between rod packings of CuI4 tetrahedra double chains 1∞ [(CuI2/2I2/4)2]- parallel to the axis. Short intermolecular anion/cation contacts were observed. The crystal structure of 2 (monoclinic, P21/n, a = 1840(2), b = 1059.2(2), c = 1879(2)pm, β = 112.94(4)°, z = 4) is built up by [Mg((CH3)2CO)6]2+ cations forming a simple hexagonal sphere packing. The binuclear anions [Cu2I4]2- occupy holes in the trigonal prismatic channels formed by the cations.
    Notes: [Li(CH3CN)4]1∞[Cu2I3] 1 und [Mg((CH3)2CO)6][Cu2I4] 2 wurden durch Umsetzung von CuI mit LiI in Acetonitril bzw. von CuI mit MgI2 in Aceton dargestellt. 1 kristallisiert orthorhombisch, Pnma, a = 552,7(2), b = 1258,8(8), c = 2516(1) pm, z = 4. Zwischen Stabpackungen von CuI4-Tetraederdoppelketten 1∞[(CuI2/2I2/4)2]- parallel zur a-Achse sind [Li(CH3CN)4]+ -Kationen unter Ausbildung kurzer, intermolekularer Anionen-Kationen-Kontakte eingelagert. In der Kristallstruktur von 2 (monoklin, P21/n, a = 1840(2), b = 1059,2(2), c = 1879(2) pm, β = 112,94(4)°, z = 4) sind [Mg((CH3)2CO)6]2+ -Kationen in der Art einer hexagonal einfachen Kugelpackung angeordnet. In die dabei gebildeten, trigonal prismatischen Kanäle sind die zweikernigen Anionen [Cu2I4]2- eingebaut.
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  • 74
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 612 (1992), S. 101-106 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: (Trifluoroethyl)aminosilane ; silane tetramin; alkylsilazalane ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preliminary Stages of Polymeric Silazanes with Fluoroalkyl Side Chains and their Condensation BehaviourTetrakis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)aminosilane has been synthesized by aminolysis of silicon tetrachloride with 2,2,2-trifluorethylamine. The characterisation of the silane tetramine was carried out spectroscopically and by X-ray-methods. The thermal condensation has been investigated between 60°C and 300°C. At 300°C the formation of oligospirocycloorganoazanes was observed which have been identified spectroscopically. The new silane tetramine reacts with trimethylalumina in toluene. The product has been characterized by crystal structure analysis to be a dimeric (C18H26N8F24Si2Al2). (P1; a = 920.39(9), b = 943.32(2), c = 1235.4(1) pm, α = 68.8(7)°, β = 86.9(4)°, γ = 62.6(4)°, Z = 1, 3923 independent reflections; R = 0.059, Rw = 0.054)
    Notes: Tetrakis[(2,2,2-trifluorethyl)amino]-silan wurde durch Aminolyse von Siliciumtetrachlorid mit 2,2,2-Trifluorethylamin dargestellt, spektroskopisch und röntgenographisch charakterisiert, sowie das thermische Kondensationsverhalten im Bereich von 60 - 300°C untersucht. Bei 300°C konnte die Bildung von Oligospirocyclo-silaorganoazanen massenspektrometrisch nachgewiesen werden. Das neu erhaltene Silantetramin wurde bei 80°C mit Trimethylaluminium im Verhältnis 1 : 1 in Toluol umgesetzt. Nach der Kristallstrukturanalyse liegt das erhaltene Alkylsilazalan im Kristall als Dimeres C18H26N8F24Si2Al2 vor. (P1; a = 920,39(9), b = 943,32(2), c = 1235,4(1) pm, α = 68,8(7)°, β = 86,9(4)°, γ = 62,6(4)°; Z = 1, 3923 unabhängige Reflexe, R = 0,059, Rw = 0,054)
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  • 75
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 612 (1992), S. 143-148 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Caesium tetraoxoplumbate ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Correction of the Crystal Structure of “Cs4PbO3” and the Structural Relationship between the Modifications of Cs4PbO4The compound that has been described as Cs4PbO3 really is Cs4PbO4. It does not crystallize in the space group P21, as assumed, but in P21/c. The observed fictitiuous violation of the extinction law for the c glide plane is due to twinning. The structure was refined using the original data as well as new data from an untwinned crystal. The denomination β-Cs4PbO4 is used to distinguish this structure from another known modification (α-Cs4PbO4). Both structures, α-Cs4PbO4 and β-Cs4PbO4, can be derived from the sphere packing of γ-plutonium when certain voids in its packing are occupied with oxygen atoms.
    Notes: Bei der früher als Cs4PbO3 beschriebenen Substanz handelt es sich tatsächlich um Cs4PbO4. Dieses kristallisiert nicht, wie angenommen, in der Raumgruppe P21, sondern in P21/c. Die beobachtete scheinbare Verletzung des Auslöschungsgesetzes für die c-Gleitspiegelebene ist auf Verzwillingung zurückzuführen. Die Struktur wurde sowohl mit den ursprünglichen Daten wie auch mit neuen Daten eines unverzwillingten Kristalls verfeinert. Die Bezeichnung β-Cs4PbO4 dient zur Unterscheidung von einer bereits bekannten Modifikation (α-Cs4PbO4). Beide Strukturen, α-Cs4PbO4 und β-Cs4PbO4, lassen sich von der des γ-Plutoniums ableiten, wenn bei dieser bestimmte Lücken mit Sauerstoffatomen besetzt werden.
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  • 76
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 613 (1992), S. 45-48 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Lanthanoide bromoaluminates ; preparation ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Crystal Structure of LnAl3Br12 (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd) and Thermal Decomposition to LnBr3LnAl3Br12 (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd) was prepared in crystalline form for the first time. The crystal structures of LaAl3Br12, PrAl3Br12, and NdAl3Br12 were determined on single crystals by X-ray methods. The isotypic compounds crystallize with trigonal symmetry, space group P 3112, Z = 3. A structural comparison to lanthanoide chloroaluminates of equal composition is given and thermal decomposition of LnAl3Br12 (Ln = Nd) to the corresponding lanthanoide tribromide is described.
    Notes: Die Bromide LnAl3Br12 (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd) wurden erstmals in kristalliner Form dargestellt und die Kristallstrukturen von LaAl3Br12, PrAl3Br12 anhand von röntgenographischen Einkristalluntersuchungen bestimmt. Alle kristallisieren in der trigonalen Raumgruppe P 3112, Z = 3. Ein struktureller Vergleich mit Lanthanoidchloroaluminaten der gleichen Zusammensetzung und der thermische Abbau von LnAl3Br12 (Ln = Nd) zum entsprechenden Lanthanoidtribromid werden beschrieben.
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  • 77
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 613 (1992), S. 60-62 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Copper ; tantalum ; niobium ; oxygen ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Crystal Structure of Cu3NbTaO8Single crystals of Cu3NbTaO8 were prepared by solid state reaction. X-ray investigations led to triclinic symmetry, space group C1i—P1 with a = 5.179; b = 5.474; c = 6.003 Å; α = 72.85°; β = 83.39°; γ = 65.77°; Z = 1. Nb5+ and Ta5+ occupy one point position statistically. Both ions show an octahedral oxygen surrounding. Cu(1) is inside an elongated CuO6 octahedra and Cu(2) is coordinated by 5 O2- forming a distorted square pyramid. The polyhedra connection is shown and discussed.
    Notes: Einkristalle von Cu3NbTaO8 wurden durch Feststoffreaktion dargestellt. Die röntgenographische Untersuchung führte zu trikliner Symmetrie, Raumgruppe C1i  -  P1 mit a = 5,179; b = 5,474; c = 6,003 Å; α = 72,85°; β = 83,39°; γ = 65,77°; Z = 1. Nb5+ und Ta5+ besetzen eine Punktlage statistisch. Beide Ionen sind oktaedrisch von O2- koordiniert. Cu(1) zeigt ein stark gestrecktes CuO6-Oktaeder, während Cu(2) tetragonal pyramidal koordiniert ist. Die Polyederverknüpfung wird gezeigt und diskutiert.
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  • 78
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Rhenium tetrachloride chelate complexes ; preparation ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chelate Complexes of Rhenium Tetrachloride. The Crystal Structures of ReCl4(DME) and ReCl4(DPPE) · TolanBright green crystals of ReCl4(DME) have been prepared by the reaction of rhenium pentachloride with dimethoxyethane (DME) in dichloromethane. ReCl4(DPPE) · tolan was obtained in form of red crystals by the reaction of the alkyne complex [ReCl4(Ph—C≡C—Ph)(POCl3)] with bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (DPPE) in dichloromethane. The complexes were characterized by X-ray structure determinations.ReCl4(DME): Space group I42d, Z = 8, 829 observed unique reflexions, R = 0.022. Lattice dimensions at 19.5°C: a = b = 960.60(6), c = 2337.2(6) pm. The complex forms monomeric molecules with DME as chelating ligand; the Re—O bond lengths are 213.1 pm. The chlorine atoms, arranged in trans position to the chelating ligand, have slightly shorter Re—Cl bonds than the chlorine atoms in cis position (232,1 pm).ReCl4(DPPE) · tolan: Space group P21/n, Z = 4,4313 observed unique reflexions, R = 0.040. Lattice dimensions at -80°C: a = 1095.7(1), b = 1764.2(2), c = 1898.0(2) pm, β = 99.229(8)°. The compound consists in form of monomeric molecules [ReCl4(DPPE)] and diphenylacetylene molecules, which are incorporated in the lattice. The two phenyl rings of the tolan molecules are twisted towards each other along the C—C axis with a dihedral angle of 21°. The DPPE molecules are bonded to the rhenium atom in a chelating fashion with medium Re—P lengths of 250.4 pm. The chlorine atoms, arranged in trans position to this ligand, with Re—Cl bond lengths of 234.5 pm are slightly longer than the Re—Cl bonds in cis position with 232.3 pm.
    Notes: ReCl4(DME) wird in Form leuchtend grüner Kristalle durch Reaktion von Rheniumpentachlorid mit Dimethoxyethan (DME) in Dichlormethan hergestellt. ReCl4(DPPE) · Tolan erhielten wir als rote Kristalle bei der Reaktion des Alkinkomplexes [ReCl4(Ph—C≡C—Ph)(POCl3)] mit Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethan (DPPE) in Dichlormethan. Die Komplexe wurden durch röntgenographische Strukturanalysen charakterisiert.ReCl4(DME): Raumgruppe I42d, Z = 8, 829 beobachtete unabhängige Reflexe, R = 2,2%. Gitterkonstanten bei 19,5°C: a = b = 960,60(6); c = 2337,2(6) pm. Der Komplex bildet monomere Moleküle mit dem DME-Liganden als Chelat und Re—O-Abständen von 213,1 pm. Die hierzu trans-ständig angeordneten Chloratome haben mit 228,1 pm etwas kürzere Re—Cl-Bindungen als die cis-ständigen Cl-Atome (232,1 pm).ReCl4(DPPE) · Tolan: Raumgruppe P21/n, Z = 4, 4313 beobachtete, unabhängige Reflexe, R = 4,0%. Gitterkonstanten bei -80°C: a = 1095,7(1); b = 1764,2(2); c = 1898,0(2) pm, β = 99,229(8)°. Der Komplex bildet monomere Moleküle [ReCl4(DPPE)] und in das Gitter eingelagerte Diphenylacetylenmoleküle, deren Phenylringe einen Diederwinkel von 21° zueinander bilden. Die DPPE-Moleküle sind chelatartig am Rheniumatom gebunden mit Abständen Re—P von im Mittel 250,4 pm. Die hierzu trans-ständig angeordneten Chloratome sind mit Re—Cl—Abständen von 234,5 pm etwas länger als die cis-ständigen Re—Cl-Bindungen mit 232,3 pm.
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  • 79
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Sodium trifluorometallates ; fluoroperovskites ; crystal structure ; tolerance factor ; antiferromagnetism ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Crystal Structure Refinements of Sodium Trifluorometallates NaMF3 (M = Mg, Co, Ni, Zn): Tilting of Octahedra and Tolerance Factor of Orthorhombic FluoroperovskitesBased on newly measured X-ray single crystal data the crystal structures of the orthorhombic fluoroperovskites NaMF3 (M = Mg, Co, Ni, Zn) were refined in space group Pbnm (GdFeO3 type, Z = 4). The octahedra are but slightly distorted; the average distances (and bridge angles M—F—M) are: Mg—F = 197.8 pm (150.9°), Co—F = 203.8 pm (146.1°), Ni—F = 200.3 pm (148.0°) and Zn—F = 202.3 pm (147.4°). With respect to the axes of the pseudocell (Z = 1) the octahedra are rotated by tilt angles which vary, including NaMnF3 and NaFeF3, between 14.6 and 18.8°. The tilting becomes the more pronounced, the smaller the tolerance factor of the compound, so as to yield uniformly average values of Na—F = 232 pm for the four shortest distances within the [NaF8] coordination (distorted tetrahedron and bicapped trigonal prism, respectively). Measurements of magnetic powder susceptibilities show that tilting of octahedra is no sufficient cause to produce spin canting resulting in ferromagnetism: This property is confirmed only for NaNiF3 (TN = 150 K), whereas NaCoF3 exhibits a sharp minimum in its χ-l-T curve (TN = 75 K) and remains uncanted antiferromagnetic then down to 4.2 K.
    Notes: Auf der Basis neu gemessener röntgenographischer Einkristalldaten wurden die Kristallstrukturen der orthorhombischen Fluorperowskite NaMF3 (M = Mg, Co, Ni, Zn) in der Raumgruppe Pbnm verfeinert (GdFeO3-Typ, Z = 4). Die Oktaeder sind kaum verzerrt; die mittleren Abstände (und Brückenwinkel M—F—M) betragen: Mg—F = 197,8 pm (150,9°), Co—F = 203,8 pm (146,1°), Ni—F = 200,3 pm (148,0°) und Zn—F = 202,3 pm (147,4°). Unter Einbeziehung von NaMnF3 und NaFeF3 ergeben sich von 14,6 bis 18,8° variierende Kippungswinkel der Oktaeder gegen die Achsen der Pseudozelle (Z = 1). Die Oktaeder sind um so stärker gekippt, je kleiner der Toleranzfaktor der Verbindungen ist, so daß einheitlich ein Mittelwert von Na—F = 232 pm für die vier kürzesten Abstände innerhalb der [NaF8]-Koordination resultiert (verzerrtes Tetraeder bzw. zweifach überkapptes trigonales Prisma). Messungen der magnetischen Pulversuszeptibilität zeigen, daß die Oktaederkippung kein ausreichender Grund für Spinverkantung und daraus resultierenden Ferromagnetismus ist: Dieser kann nur für NaNiF3 (TN = 150 K) bestätigt werden, während NaCoF3 ein scharfes Minimum in der χ-1-T-Kurve zeigt (TN = 75 K) und dann bis herab zu 4,2 K unverkantet antiferromagnetisch bleibt.
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  • 80
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Organoruthenaboranes ; ruthenium ; boranes ; n.m.r. spectra ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Organoruthenaboran-Chemie. X. Die SMe2-katalysierte Bildung von [1-(η6-C6Me6)-isocloso-RuB9H9] und einige B-Phenylamino-Derivate. NMR- und Röntgen-UntersuchungenDie Einwirkung von SMe2, auf das zehneckige nido-Ruthenaboran [1-(η6-C6Me6)RuB9H13] (1) führt in hoher Ausbeute zum unsubstituierten isocloso-Ruthenaboran [1-(η6-C6Me6)RuB9H9] (2). Die analoge Verbindung mit Benzol [1-(η6-C6Me6)RuB9H9] wird entsprechend erhalten. Im Gegensatz dazu führt die Reaktion von (1) mit PhNH2 zu einer Reihe von B-Phenylamino-isocloso-Derivaten wie [1-(η6-C6Me6)-2-(PhNH)-isocloso-1-RuB9H8] (3) (orange Kristalle), [1-(η6-C6Me6)-2,3-(PhNH)2-isocloso-1-RuB9H7] (4) (rotorange) und [1-(η6-C6Me6)-5,6,7-(PhNH)3-isocloso-l-RuB9H6] (5) (dunkelrot). Detaillierte 1H- und 11B-NMR-Spektren werden angegeben. Die Struktur von (3) wird durch eine Einkristall-Röntgen-Strukturanalyse des Solvats [1-(η6-C6Me6)-2-(PhNH)-isocloso-1-RuB9H8] · 1/2 CH2C12 ermittelt; die Kristalle sind monoklin, Raumgruppe C2/c, mit a = 1895,1(3), b = 1556,6(3), c = 1716,4(3)pm, β = 104,37(1)° und Z = 8.
    Notes: The action of SMe2 on the ten-vertex nido-ruthenaborane [6-(η6-C6Me6)RuB9Hl3] (1) provides a high-yield route to the unsubstituted isocloso-ruthenaborane [1-(η6-C6Me6)RuB9H9] (2). The benzene analogue [1-(η6-C6Me6)RuB9H9] is prepared similarly. By contrast, reaction of (1) with PhNH2 gives a variety of B-phenylamino isocloso derivatives, including orange crystals of [1-(η6-C6Me6)-2-(PhNH)-isocloso-1-RuB9H8] (3), red-orange [1-(η6-C6Me6)-2,3-(PhNH)2-isocloso-1-RuB9H7] (4) and dark-red [1-(η6-C6Me6)-5,6,7-(PhNH)3-isocloso-1-RuB9H6] (5). Detailed 1H and 11B nmr properties of these various compounds are described. The structure of (3) has been established by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of the solvate [1-(η6-C6Me6)-2-(PhNH)-isocloso-1-RuB9H8] · 1/2 CH2Cl2; the crystals were monoclinic, space group C2/c, with a = 1895.1(3), b = 1556.6(3), c = 1716.4(3) pm, β = 104.37(1)° and z = 8.
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  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 616 (1992), S. 35-38 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Amalgams ; sodium-rich amalgams ; phase transitions ; crystal structure ; DTA measurements ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Temperature Dependent Phase Transitions of Sodium-rich AmalgamsStarting from thermoanalytical measurements the temperature dependent phase transitions of the microcrystalline, sodium rich amalgams Na8Hg3 (= Na2.67Hg) and Na3Hg are investigated using a fast, position sensitive X-Ray detector in combination with a modified counter Guinier system. Near the melting point (64°C) Na8Hg3 shows two phase transitions.At 54°C α-Na8Hg3 forms a slightly distorted monoclinic defect variant of the cubic Li3Bi-structure (β-Na8Hg3). At 62°C this modification transforms into the corresponding undistorted cubic phase (γ-Na8Hg3). The increase of symmetry results mainly from the fact, that small deviations of the mercury atoms from the positions of an ideal close packing vanish due to strong thermal vibrations.The “literature-melting point” of Na3Hg (33°C) corresponds to a phase transition from α-Na3Hg (hexagonal, modified Na3As type) into β-Na3Hg (monoclinic distorted Li3Bi type, corresponding to β-Na8Hg3). The actual melting point of Na3Hg is 59°C.
    Notes: Ausgehend von thermoanalytischen Messungen werden die temperaturabhängigen Phasenumwandlungen der mikrokristallinen natriumreichen Amalgame Na8Hg3 (Na2.67Hg) und Na3Hg mit einem schnellen, ortsempfindlichen Röntgendetektor in Kombination mit einer modifizierten Zählrohr-Guinierkamera untersucht. Na8H3 zeigt dicht unter dem Schmelzpunkt (64°C) zwei Phasenumwandlungen: Bei 54°C wandelt sich α-Na8Hg3 zunächst in eine monoklin verzerrte Defektvariante (β-Na8Hg3) der kubischen Li3Bi-Struktur um. Daraus entsteht bei 62°C die entsprechende unverzerrte kubische Phase (γ-Na8Hg3). Die Symmetrieerhöhung resultiert aus der Aufhebung geringfügiger Abweichungen der Hg-Atompositionen von einer dichtesten Kugelpackung infolge starker thermischer Schwingung.Der „Literaturschmelzpunkt“ von Na3Hg (33°C) entspricht einer Phasenumwandlung von α-Na3Hg (hexagonal, modifizierte Na3As-Struktur) in β-Na3Hg (monoklin verzerrter Li3Bi-Typ, entsprechend β-Na8Hg3). Der Schmelzpunkt der Verbindung Na3Hg liegt dagegen tatsächlich bei 59°C.
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  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 609 (1992), S. 59-62 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Ruthenium ; oxygen ; chlorine ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: About Ba6Ru2PtO12Cl2Single crystals of Ba6Ru2PtO12Cl12 were prepared by a BaCl2 flux and investigated by X-ray methods (D3d3—P3M1; a = 5,805; c = 15.006 Å; Z = 1). The characteristic face shared M3O12-octahedratriples show an ordered (Ru/Pt/Ru) occupation. Calculation of the Coulomb term of lattice energy support the charge distribution (5+/4+/5+) ions engage three point sites with different coordinations. The connection to other compounds are discussed.
    Notes: Durch Schmelzmittelreaktion mit BaCl2 wurde Ba6Ru2PtO12Cl2 an Einkristallen dargestellt und röntgenographisch untersucht (D3d3-P3m1; a = 5,805; c = 15,006 Å; Z = 1). Die charakteristischen flächenverknüpften M3O12-Oktaedertripel weisen eine geordnete Besetzung mit Ru/Pt/Ru auf. Berechnungen des Coulombanteils zur Gitterenergie unterstützen eine Ladungsverteilung in den M3O12-Baugruppen von (5+/4+/5+). Ba2+ -Ionen besetzen drei Punktalgen mit jeweils unterschiedlicher Koordination. Der Zusammenhang mit anderen Strukturen wird diskutiert.
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  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 609 (1992), S. 71-76 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Thallium tetrafluoromanganate(III), TlMnF4 ; crystal structure ; magnetic structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Kristall- und magnetische Struktur von TlMnF4, einer Verbindung mit SchichtstrukturDie Kristallstruktur und die magnetischen Eigenschaften des Fluoromanganates(III) TlMnF4 wurden untersucht. Die Struktur wurde in der monoklinen Raumgruppe I2/a, Elementarzelle mit a = 539,7(2); b = 544,1(2); c = 1248,4(5) pm, β = 90,19(3)° (Z = 4) auf R/wR 0,057/0,043 verfeinert. TlMnF4 zeigt eine Schichtstruktur, die durch Eckenverknüpfung von MnF6-Oktaedern über ihre vier äquatorialen Ecken gebildet wird. Die Mn—F-Abstände innerhalb des Oktaeders liegen im Bereich von 178 bis 215 pm. Die magnetische Austauschenergie (J/K) innerhalb der Schicht wurde durch Anpassung der experimentellen Suszeptibilitätsdaten im Temperaturbereich von 10-300 K auf der Basis des Heisenbergmodells für quadratische Schichten zu -0,45 K bestimmt. Dreidimensionale antiferromagnetische Ordnung tritt bei 4,2(5) K ein. Die magnetische Zelle entspricht der kristallographischen, jedoch mit primitivem Translationsgitter. Die magnetische Struktur wurde auf R = 0,058 in der magnetischen Raumgruppen P2′/a′ verfeinert. Die magnetischen Momente an MnIII sind colinear zur b-Achse und zeigen antiparallele Ordnung innerhalb der Schichten.
    Notes: The crystal structure and the magnetic properties of the fluoromanganate(III) TlMnF4 have been investigated. The structure has been refined down to R/wR of 0.057/0.043 in the monoclinic I2/a space group with the unit cell constants a = 539.7(2) pm; b = 544.1(2) pm; c = 1248.4(5) pm; β = 90.19(3)° (Z = 4). TlMnF4 is characterized by a layer structure formed of MnF6 octahedra sharing their four equatorial corners. Within each octahedron the Mn—F distances range from 178 pm to 215 pm. The intralayer magnetic interaction (J/K) has been evaluated to be approximately -0.45 K by fitting the experimental susceptibility in the 10-300 K range using the quadratic layer Heisenberg model. A 3 D-antiferromagnetic ordering occurs at Tn = 4.2(5) K. The magnetic cell corresponding to the nuclear one but with a primitive symmetry. The magnetic structure has been refined down to R = 0.0528 in the P2′/a′ magnetic group. The MnIII moments are colinear to the b-axis and show antiparallel ordering within the layers.
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  • 84
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 610 (1992), S. 7-14 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Na3ReO5 ; crystal structure ; ReO5 groups ; Na3Re frame analogous to Li3Bi type ; MAPLE of perrhenates ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: About Perrhenates. 3 On the Structure of the Mesoperrhenate Na3[ReO5]By tempering powder samples (prepared from mixtures of binary oxides: Na2O2/ReO2 and Na2O/ReO3 respectively, Na : Re = 3 : 1, Ar and O2 atmosphere respectively, 400-450°C, corundum boat) in a closed Ag cylinder (500-550°C, 10 d) yellow single crystals of Na3ReO5, sensitive to moisture, were grown. The compound crystallizes trigonal, space group P31, P32 respectively, with a = 5.544(1), c = 13.580(7) Å, Z = 3, drö. = 4.62 g/cm3. The crystal structure [4-circle diffractometer data, 1091 I0(hkl), AgKα, R = 6.14, Rw = 6.08%] is characterized by “isolated” bipyramids ReO5. Na+ ions are occupying all the tetrahedral (Na2, Na3) and octahedral (Na1) holes of the pseudocubic face centred (c/a = 2.441) Re part of the lattice; resulting in a Na3Re kation framework corresponding to the Li3Bi type of structure. Effective Coordination Numbers (ECoN), the Madelung Part of Lattice energy (MAPLE) and the charge distribution (CHARDI) are computed and discussed.
    Notes: Durch Tempern von Pulverproben (erhalten aus Gemengen binärer Oxide: Na2O2/ReO2 bzw. Na2/ReO3, Na : Re = 3 : 1, Ar- bzw. O2-Atmosphäre, 400-450°C, Korundschiffchen) in verschlossenen Ag-Bomben (500-550°C, 10 d) wurden feuchtigkeitsempfindliche, gelbe Einkristalle von Na3ReO5 gezüchtet, die trigonal, Raumgruppe P31 bzw. P32, mit a = 5,544(1), c = 13,580(7) Å, Z = 3, drö. = 4,62 g/cm3 kristallisieren. Die Kristallstruktur [4-Kreisdiffraktometerdaten, 1091 I0(hkl), AgKα, R = 6,14, Rw= 6,08%] zeigt “isolierte” Bipyramiden ReO5.Na+ besetzt Tetraeder-(Na2, Na3) und Oktaeder-(Na1) Lücken des pseudokubisch-flächenzentrierten (c/a = 2,449) Re-Teilgitters; das Na3Re-Kationengerüst entspricht somit dem Li3Bi-Typ. Effektive Koordinationszahlen (ECoN), der Madelunganteil der Gitterenergie (MAPLE) sowie die Ladungsverteilung (CHARDI) werden berechnet und diskutiert.
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  • 85
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 610 (1992), S. 15-19 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Mixed ternary ReIII-halides ; synthesis ; crystal structure ; infrared spectroscopy ; thermal behaviour ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Thermal Behaviour of Cs1,5[Re3I3Cl7,5(H2O)1,5]Dark brown tetrahedra of Cs1,5[Re3I3Cl7,5(H2O)1,5] crystallize on slow cooling of a hot saturated solution of ReI3 and CsCl in conc. hydrochlorid acid. The crystal structure (cubic, P43m (No. 215), a = 1241.06(3)pm, Vm = 287.8(1) cm3mol-1, Z = 4, R = 0.067, Rw = 0.037) is built up from isolated building units [Re3I3Cl7,5(H2O)1,5]1,5- with statistical distribution of chloride ions and water molecules in the in plane, terminal positions. Consistent with the result based on the X-ray analysis, the IR-spectrum shows one band for the OH stretching frequencies of the water molecules coordinated to the Re3 triangle at 3240 cm-1. The anions are arranged in the fashion of a cubic closest packing with the cesium ions occupying all octahedral and one quarter of the tetrahedral interstices. Temperature-dependent Guinier-Simon photographs in connection with DTA/TG investigations reveal that Cs1,5[Re3I3Cl7,5(H2O)1,5] releases water at 190°C accompanied with a structural transition and the dehydration product decomposes at 370°C to Cs2ReCl6-xIx, Re3I3+yCl6-y and rhenium metal.
    Notes: Tiefdunkelbraune Tetraeder von Cs1,5[Re3I3Cl7,5(H2O)1,5] Kristallisieren beim langsamen Eindunsten einer heißen, gesättigten Lösung von ReI3 und CsCl in konz. Salzsäure. In der Kristallstruktur (kubisch, P43m (Nr. 215), a = 1241,06(3) pm, Vm = 287,8(1) cm3mol-1, Z = 4, R = 0,067, Rw = 0,037) sind isolierte Baugruppen [Re3I3Cl7,5(H2O)1,5]1,5- mit statistischer Verteilung von Chlorid-Ionen und Wassermolekülen in den in plane, terminal-Positionen strukturbestimmend. übereinstimmend mit diesem röntgenographischen Befund beobachtet man im IR-Spektrum eine Bande für die Valenzschwingungen des Koordinationswassers bei 3240 cm-1. Die Anionen sind nach dem Motiv einer kubisch-dichtesten Packung angeordnet, die Caesium-Ionen besetzen in ihr sämtliche Oktaeder- und ein Viertel der Tetraederlücken. Heiz-Guinier-Simon-Aufnahmen und DTA/TG-Untersuchungen zeigen, daß Cs1,5[Re3I3Cl7,5(H2O)1,5] bei 190°C zunächst Koordinationswasser unter Änderung der Struktur abgibt und sich bei 370°C zu Cs2ReCl6-xIx, Re3I3+yCl6-y und Rhenium zersetzt.
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  • 86
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 610 (1992), S. 28-32 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Alkali metal oxide nitrites ; preparation ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: A4N2O5 (A = Na, K) Novel Alkali Metal Oxide Nitrites, and a Comment on the System K3NO3/K3OBrK4N2O5 and Na4N2O5 have been prepared for the first time: the respective alkali metal nitrites and -oxides in molar ratios 2 : 1 have been reacted in the solid state. Their crystal structure (for crystallographic data see „Inhaltsübersicht“) derive from the anti-K2NiF4 type of structure. Na4N2O5 undergoes two phase transitions (at -15°C and -60°C) upon cooling.The behavior of solid solutions in the system K3NO3/K3OBr at cooling gives support for the phase transition being driven by the OK3-framework, where as in Na3NO3 order-disorder transitions of the NO2- group seem to induce the phase transitions.
    Notes: K4N2O5 und Na4N2O5 wurden erstmals erhalten durch Festkörperreaktionen der entsprechenden Alkalimetallnitrite und Alkalimetalloxide im Mol-Verhältnis 2 : 1. Die Kristallstrukturen (K4N2O5: I4/m; a = 520,4(2), c = 1592,6(8) pm; 150 Reflexe; R = 0,035. Na4N2O5: Pulverdaten; a = 457,2(1), 903,5(1), 1495,3(3) pm; orthorhombisch) leiten sich von dem anti- K2NiF4-Typ ab. Na4N2O5 durchläuft zwei Phasentransformationen bei -15°C und -60°C.Das Tieftemperaturverhalten der Mischkristalle im quasibinären System K3NO3/K3OBr (vollständige Mischbarkeit) stützt die Auffassung, daß die Phasenumwandlung durch das OK3-Gerüst getrieben wird, während dafür in Na3NO3 Ordnungs-Unordnungsübergänge der NO2--Anionen verantwortlich sind.
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  • 87
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 610 (1992), S. 46-50 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Mercury compounds ; dimercury(I)-bis-(1,1,3,3-tetracyanpropenide) ; preparation ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Mercury Compounds with Cyancarbanions. II Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Dimercury(I)-bis(1,1,3,3-tetracyanpropenide)The structure of dimercury(I)-bis(1,1,3,3-tetracyanpropenide), Hg2(tcp)2, has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The crystals are monoclinic, space group P 21/n. The unit cell dimensions are: a = 9.9193(3) Å, b = 5.6912(6) Å, c = 13.3806(4), β = 92.544(4)° and Z = 2. The mercury atoms in the centrosymmetric cation are three-coordinate with Hg—Hg 2.503, Hg—N 2.207, 2.207, 2.560 Å. tcp behaves as a bidentate ligand forming infinite chains running parallel to the a-axis.
    Notes: Die Struktur von Diquecksilber(I)-bis(1,1,3, 3-tetracyanpropenid), Hg2(tcp)2, wurde durch Einkristall-Röntgenstrukturanalyse ermittelt. Die Kristalle sind monoklin, Raumgruppe P 21/n. Die Zelldimensionen sind a = 9,9193(3) Å, b = 5,6912(6) Å, c = 13,3806(4) Å, β = 92,544(4)° und Z = 2. Die Quecksilberatome im zentrosymmetrischen Kation werden dreifach koordiniert mit Hg—Hg 2,503; Hg—N 2,207; 2,560 Å. tcp fungiert als zweizähniger Ligand unter Ausbildung unendlicher Ketten parallel zur a-Achse.
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  • 88
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 610 (1992), S. 64-66 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Dipotassium peroxide ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Refinement of the Crystal Structure of K2O2The crystal structure of K2O2 has been refined using 241 diffractometer data (Cmca; a = 6.733(1), b = 6.996(1), c = 6.474(1) Å; Z = 4; Rw = 0.050). The distance O—O (1.541(6) Å) is significantly larger than that one assumed for alkali metal peroxides, so far.
    Notes: Die Kristallstruktur von K2O2 wurde auf der Basis von Vierkreisdiffraktometerdaten (241 unabhängige Strukturfaktoren) verfeinert (Cmca; a = 6,733(1), b = 6,996(1), c = 6,474(1) Å; Z = 4; Rw = 0.050). Der gefundene O—O-Abstand weist mit 1,541(6) Å einen deutlich größeren Wert auf als bisher für die Alkalimetallperoxide angenommen.
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  • 89
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 610 (1992), S. 67-74 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Copper weberites, Na2CuGaF7, Na2CuInF7 ; crystal structure ; magnetic investigation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Kupferweberite: Kristallstruktur und magnetische Untersuchung von Na2CuGaF7 und Na2CuInF7Die Kristallstruktur von zwei neuen Kupferweberiten Na2CuGaF7 und Na2CuInF7 wurde bestimmt. Na2CuGaF7: monokline Raumgruppe C2/c; a = 1232,5(5), b = 731,8(1), c = 1278,0(5) pm, β = 109,29(2)°, Z = 8. Na2CuInF7: orthorhombische Raumgruppe Pmnb; a = 731,8(1) pm, b = 1060,2(2) pm, c = 771,2(1) pm Z = 4. Die Strukturen wurden verfeinert mit 1175 Reflexen bis zu R = 0,043 (wR = 0,035) für Na2CuGaF7 und mit 1917 Reflexen bis zu R = 0,034 (wR = 0,025) für Na2CuInF7. Die Strukturen bestehen aus [CuF5]n3n--Ketten, die im Na2CuInF7 parallel zur a-Achse orientiert sind und in zwei alternierenden Richtungen im Na2CuGaF7. Die Natriumatome besitzen entweder siebenfache oder achtfache Koordination. Obwohl starke antiferromagnetische Wechselwirkungen innerhalb der Ketten beobachtet werden, gibt es keine Hinweise auf eine dreidimensionale Ordnung.
    Notes: The crystal structures of two new copper weberites Na2CuGaF7 and Na2CuInF7 have been determined. Na2CuGaF7 has the monoclinic space group C2/c: a = 1232.5(5) pm, b = 731.8(1) pm, c = 1278.0(5) pm, β = 109.29(2)° and Z = 8. Na2CuInF7 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pmnb: a = 731.8(1) pm, b = 1060.2(2) pm, c = 771.2(1) pm and Z = 4. The structures have been refined from 1175 reflections to R = 0.043 (wR = 0.035) for Na2CuGaF7, and from 1917 reflections to R = 0.034 (wR = 0.025) for Na2CuInF7. The structures consist of [CuF5]n3n- chains which are parallel the a-axis in Na2CuInF7 and oriented in two alternating directions in Na2CuGaF7. Sodium atoms exhibit either seven-fold or eight-fold coordination. Although strong antiferromagnetic interactions are observed inside the chains, there is no evidence for three-dimensional ordering.
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  • 90
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Mercury compounds ; dimercury(I)-bis(tricyanmethanide) ; synthesis ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Mercury Compounds with Cyancarbanions. I . Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Dimercury(I)-bis(tricyanmethanide)With the triclinic unit cell, space group P1, with the lattice constants a = 5.2794(1) Å, b = 9.9279(1) Å, c = 11.3376(2) Å, α = 71.004(4)°, β = 76.459(2)° and γ = 74.601(4)° are two formula units. The three-dimensional network, which characterizes the structure, results from dimercury(I) ions with sp3 hybridization, which form beside the homonuclear metal bonding three covalent bonds to cyanonitrogen atoms. The tricyanmethanide ion acts by losing symmetry as a tridentate ligand.
    Notes: Innerhalb der triklinen Elementarzelle, Raumgruppe P1, mit den Gitterkonstanten a = 5,2794(1) Å, b = 9,9279(1) Å, c = 11,3376(2) Å, α = 71,004(4)° und β = 74,601(4)° befinden sich zwei Formeleinheiten. Das den Strukturaufbau charakterisierende dreidimensionale Netzwerk resultiert aus sp3-hybridisierten Diquecksilber(I)-ionen, die neben der homonuklearen Metallbindung drei weitere kovalente Bindungen zu Cyanstickstoffatomen ausbilden. Das Tricyanmethanidion wirkt unter Symmetrieverlust als dreizähniger Ligand.
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  • 91
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Thiolato ; selenolato ; bromo ; iodo complexes of vanadium(V) ; 1H, 51V NMR ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and NMR Spectroscopic Studies of tert-Butylimino-cyclopentadienylvanadium(V) Compounds tC4H9N=VCpX2 (X=SR, SeC6H5, Br, I)Syntheses of the cyclopentadienylvanadium(V) compounds tC4H9N=VCpX2 (X=SR, SeC6H5, Br, I) tC4H9N=VCp (StC4H9) and tC4H9N=VCp[S—(CH2)3—S] (4) are described starting from tC4H9N=VCpCl2. tC4H9N=VCl3 reacts with BBr3 and BI3 by halogen exchange forming the trihalogenides tC4H9N=VX3 (X=Br, I). All compounds obtained are characterized by 1H and 51V NMR spectroscopy. 4 has been found by X-ray diffraction analysis to be a distorted tetrahedral vanadium complex with a chair conformation of the VS2C3-ring.
    Notes: Die Darstellung der Cyclopentadienyl-vanadium(V)-Verbindungen tC4H9N=VCpX2 (X=SR, SeC6H5, Br, I), tC4H9N=VCp(StC4H9) und tC4H9N=VCp[s—(CH2)3—S] (4) wird beschrieben; als Ausgangsverbindung wird tC4H9N=VCpCI2 eingesetzt. tC4H9N=VCl3 reagiert mit BBr3 und Bl3 unter Halogenaustausch und Bildung der Trihalogenide tC4H9N=VX3 (X=Br, I). Alle dargestellten Verbindungen werden 1H- und 51V-NMR-spektroskopisch charakterisiert. Die Röntgenstrukturanalyse von 4 zeigt das Vanadiumatom in einer verzerrt tetraedrischen Anordnung der Liganden; der VS2C3-Ring liegt in der Sesselkonformation vor.
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  • 92
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 615 (1992), S. 77-80 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: CeIII double decker complex ; synthesis ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Reaction of Macrocycles with Lanthanoids. I. The Crystal Structure of [Li(thf)][(C22H22N4)2Ce] · THFIn THF CeBr3 forms with [(TMTAA)Li2] the paramagnetic doubledecker complex [Li(thf)][(TMTAA)2Ce]. The complex crystallizes with 1 Mol THF per formula unit. The structure was characterized by X-ray single crystal structure analysis (space group C2 (No. 5), z = 6, a = 1741.8(2) pm, b = 1622.1(2) pm, c = 2540.4(3) pm, β = 104.72(1)°). The sandwich-like arrangement of the heterocyclic ligands leads to a quadratic-prismatic coordination of the Ce3+ ion. One macrocyclic ligand is additionally coordinated by a [Li(thf)]+ fragment. The coordination of the Li ion is square pyramidal.
    Notes: CeBr3 reagiert mit [(TMTAA)Li2] in THF zu dem paramagnetischen Doppeldeckerkomplex [Li(thf)][(TMTAA)2Ce], der mit 1 Mol THF pro Formeleinheit kristallisiert. Der Aufbau konnte durch eine Kristallstrukturanalyse aufgeklärt werden (Raumgruppe C2 (Nr. 5), Z = 6, a = 1741,8(2) pm, b = 1622,1(2) pm, c = 2540,4(3) pm, β = 104,72(1)°). Durch die sandwichartige Anordnung der TMTAA-Liganden erhält das Ce3+-Ion eine quadratisch-prismatische Koordination. An einen der makrozyklischen Liganden koordiniert zusätzlich ein [Li(thf)]+-Fragment. Das Li-Ion besitzt tetragonal-pyramidale Umgebung.
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  • 93
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 615 (1992), S. 81-85 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: SmIII polynuclear complex ; CoII complex ; synthesis ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Reaction of Macrocycles with Lanthanoids. II. The Crystal Structures of [K(thf)3]2[(C22H28N4)2Sm2] · 4 THF and [(C22H22N4)Co] · DMEIn a complicated redox reaction [(TMTAA)K2] and [SmI2(thf)2] form the polynuclear metal complex [K(thf)3]2[(TMTAT)2Sm2]. This complex crystallizes with four molecules THF per formula unit and its structure was determined by single crystal X-ray investigation (spacegroup P21/c (No. 14), z = 4, a = 998.0(2) pm, = b = 2618.3(6) pm, c = 1619.4(3) pm, β = 96.52(2)°). In the dimeric unit [(TMTAT)2Sm2]2- the Sm3+ ions are bonded to the four N atoms of the macrocyclic ligand and one C6H4 ring of the second ligand is attached η6 like to one metal ion. Additionally two [K(thf)3]+ fragments are bonded to this central unit, and therefor coordination number seven results for the K+ ion. [TMTAA]2- is not reduced by [Cp2Co] in a similar reaction. The monomeric paramagnetic complex [(TMTAA)Co] (μeff = 2,76 μB) is formed instead. The structure reveils a square planar coordination of the Co atom by the four N atoms of the TMTAA ligand (spacegroup C2/c (No. 15), z = 4, a = 1945.1(4) pm, b = 1165.6(2) pm, c = 1144.7(2) pm, β = 116.38(1)°).
    Notes: [(TMTAA)K2] und [SmI2(thf)2] reagieren in einer unübersichtlichen Redoxreaktion zu dem mehrkernigen Metallkomplex [K(thf)3]2[(TMTAT)2Sm2]. Der Aufbau dieser mit vier Molekülen THF pro Formeleinheit kristallisierenden Verbindung konnte durch eine Röntgenstrukturanalyse aufgeklärt werden (Raumgruppe P21/c (Nr. 14), Z = 4, a = 998,0(2) pm, b = 2618,3(6) pm, c = 1619,4(3) pm, β = 96,52(2)°). In der dimeren Einheit [(TMTAT)2Sm2]2- sind die Sm3+-Ionen außer an die vier N-Atome eines makrozyklischen Liganden auch η6-artig an einen C6H4-Ring des zweiten Liganden gebunden. Zusätzlich koordinieren an die zentrale Einheit zwei [K(thf)3]+-Fragmente. Dies führt zu einer Koordinationszahl von 7 für das K+-Ion. [TMTAA]2- wird in einer analogen Reaktion mit [Cp2Co] nicht reduziert. Statt dessen bildet sich der monomere paramagnetische Komplex [(TMTAA)Co] (μeff = 2,76 μB). Nach der Kristallstrukturanalyse ist das Co-Atom quadratisch planar von den vier N-Atomen des TMTAA-Liganden koordiniert (Raumgruppe C2/c (Nr. 15), Z = 4, a = 1945,1(4) pm, b = 1165,6(2) pm, c = 1144,7(2) pm, β = 116,38(1)°).
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  • 94
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 615 (1992), S. 143-148 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Cadmium iodide dimethylsulfoxide complexes ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cadmiumiodid-Komplexe mit Dimethylsulfoxid und ihre KristallstrukturenEinkristalldaten der Verbindungen [{CdI2(dmso)}n] (1,) und [Cd2I4(dmso)4] (2,) zeigen, daß mit steigendem Anteil von dmso Übergang zu ionischen Species wie [Cd(dmso)6]2+ [Cd(dmso)I3]2- · EtOH (3,) und [Cd(dmso)6]2+ [CdI4]2- (4,) erfolgt. Bei (1,) liegen polymere Ketten mit Cd2+ der CN 4 bzw. 6 vor, wobei I- überbrückt. Die Ketten von (2,) weisen ein bi-nukleares Segment auf und sind als Vorläufer der typisch ionischen Stoffe (3,) bzw. (4,) aufzufassen. Wegen der lockeren Packung der konstituierenden Ionen in (3,) ist Ethanol eingebaut.
    Notes: The crystalline compounds [{CdI2(dmso)}n] (1,) and [Cd2I4(dmso)4] (2,) provide a structural sequence illustrating the conversion of CdI2 into the ionic derivatives [Cd(dmso)6]2+ [Cd(dmso)I3]2- · EtOH (3,) and [Cd(dmso)6]2+ CdI42- (4,), with increasing proportions of dmso. (1,) comprises polymeric chains with Cd centres linked by bridging iodide atoms, and alternately in four- and six-coordination. (2,) is a binuclear segment of the chains and can be seen as the structural forerunner of the ionic compounds (3,) and (4,). The ion packing in (3,) is loose, with lattice ethanol.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 95
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Tin(IV) alkoxides ; partially hydrolized tin(IV) alkoxide ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations into Tin(IV) Alkoxides. II. Isolation and Characterization of the Compound Sn3O(OiBu)1010 · 2i-BuOH. The First Example of a Partially Hydrolized Tin(IV) AlkoxideThe partial hydrolysis product Sn3O(OiBu)10 · 2i-BuOH was obtained by slow hydrolysis of the reaction product of tin tetrachloride with sodium isobutoxide. The compound forms colourless, moisture sensitive crystals, which easily release the coordinated solvent molecules in dry air. Its crystal and molecular structure has been determinated by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with a = 1363.5(7), b = 1462.7(10), c = 1637.7(7) pm, α = 95.40(5)°, β = 96.79(4)°, γ = 102.12(5)° and Z = 2. The crystal structure consists of discrete, trimeric molecules with octahedrally coordinated tin atoms which are connected to each other corresponding to the formulation Sn3(μ3-O)(μ2-OiBu)3(O1Bu)7 · (i-BuOH)2 by three isobutoxide groups bridging two metal atoms and a single threefold bridging oxygen atom
    Notes: Das partielle Hydrolyseprodukt Sn3O(OiBu)10 · 2i-BuOH des Zinn(IV)-isobutanolats wurde bei der schonenden Hydrolyse des Reaktionsproduktes von Zinntetrachlorid mit Natriumisobutanolat erhalten. Die Verbindung bildet farblose, feuchtigkeitsempfindliche Kristalle, die in trockener Luft unter Abspaltung der Lösungsmittelmoleküle rasch verwittern. Die Kristall- und Molekülstruktur wurde durch Röntgenstrahlbeugung an einem Einkristall bestimmt. Die Verbindung kristallisiert in der triklinen Raumgruppe P1 mit den Gitterkonstanten a = 1363,5(7), b = 1462,7(10), c = 1637,7(7) pm, α = 95,40(5)°, β = 96,79(4)°, γ = 102,12(5)° und Z = 2. Die Kristallstruktur besteht aus diskreten, trimeren Molekülen, in denen die oktaedrisch koordinierten Zinnatome entsprechend der Formulierung Sn3(μ3-O)(μ2-OiBu)3(OiBu)7(i-BuOH)2 über drei, je zwei Metallatome verbrückende Isobutanolat-Gruppen und ein einzelnes dreifach verbrückendes Sauerstoffatom miteinander verbunden sind.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 96
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Sodium iron chalcogenides, Na6FeS4, Na6FeSe4 ; preparation ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties of the Sodium Iron Chalcogenides Na6FeS4 and Na6FeSe4The compounds Na6FeS4 and Na6FeSe4 have been synthesized by fusion reactions of sodium carbonate with iron and chalcogen in a stream of hydrogen.Structural investigations on single crystals show that both compounds crystallize in an atomic arrangement isotypic with Na6ZnO4 (space group P63mc). The structure is characterized by isolated [FeX4]-tetrahedra.The magnetic susceptibilities show Curie-Weiss behaviour. The deviations at low temperatures are obviously caused by antiferromagnetic interactions.
    Notes: Durch Schmelzreaktionen von Natriumcarbonat mit Eisen und Chalkogen im Wasserstoffstrom gelang die Darstellung von Na6FeS4 und Na6FeSe4.Röntgenstrukturuntersuchungen an Einkristallen ergaben daß die beiden Verbindungen isotyp kristallisieren. Die Atomanordnung entspricht der des Na6ZnO4 (Raumgruppe P63mc). Als charakteristische Baueinheit treten isolierte [FeX4]6--Tetraeder auf.Die Temperaturabhängigkeiten der magnetischen Suszeptibilitäten lassen sich mit einem Curie-Weiss-Verhalten beschreiben. Bei tiefen Temperaturen treten Abweichungen von diesem Verhalten auf, die offensichtlich auf antiferromagnetische Wechselwirkungen zurückzuführen sind.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 618 (1992), S. 30-34 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Calcium palladium pnictides ; Preparation ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Crystal Structures of the Compounds CaPdAs, CaPdSb, and CaPdBiThe new compounds CaPdAs, CaPdSb, and CaPdBi were prepared by heating appropriate mixtures of the elements. X-ray structure determinations carried out with single crystals (space group and lattice constants see “Inhaltsübersicht”) showed, that the arsenide crystallizes in a distorted stacking variant of the AlB2, type structure, where the Pd atoms have a planar environment of As atoms. CaPdSb and CaPdBi are isotypic and form the TiNiSi type structure, where the Pd-Atoms are surrounded tetrahedrally (strongly distorted) by Sb or Bi atoms.
    Notes: CaPdAs (Pnma; a = 7,137(1) Å, b = 8,646(2) Å, c = 16,590(3) Å; Z = 16) kristallisiert in einer verzerrten Stapelvariante des AlB2-Typs, bei der die Pd-Atome planar von drei As-Atomen umgeben sind. CaPdSb (a = 7,354(2) Å, b = 4,617(1) Å, c = 7,903(2) Å) und CaPdBi (a = 7,422(2) Å, b = 4,753(1) Å, c = 8,085(2) Å) sind isotyp und bilden die TiNiSi-Struktur (Pnma; Z = 4) mit einer stark verzerrten Tetraederkoordination um die Pd-Atome. Die Verbindungen wurden durch Erhitzen der entsprechenden Elementgemenge dargestellt, die Strukturen röntgenographisch mit Einkristallmethoden bestimmt.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 618 (1992), S. 26-29 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Rhenium complexes ; synthesis ; crystal structure ; thermal behaviour ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis, Structure and Thermolysis of NH4[Re3Br10]NH4[Re3Br10] crystallizes as dark brown single crystals upon slow cooling of a hot, saturated hydrobromic-acid solution of [Re3Br9(H2O)2] after the addition of NH4Br. The crystal structure (monoclinic, C2/m (Nr. 12); Z = 4; a = 1461.6(7), b = 1 085.6(4), c = 1030.3(7) pm, β = 92.63(4)°, Vm = 245.9(4)cm3/mol; R = 0.097, Rw = 0.043) contains [Re3Br12]- units that share two common edges. These chains run along [010] and are held together by NH4+ ions. Each NH4+ is surrounded by eight Br- from four different chains. The first step of the thermal decomposition at 290°C is the disproportionation to ReBr3 (ReCl3 type), rhenium metal and (NH4)2[ReBr6]. Secondly, the internal reduction of (NH4)2[ReBr6] at 390°C to rhenium metal takes place.
    Notes: Aus heißer, gesättigter, bromwasserstoffsaurer Lösung von [Re3Br9(H2O)2] erhält man nach Zugabe von NH4Br beim langsamen Abkühlen dunkelbraune Einkristalle von NH4[Re3Br10]. In der Kristallstruktur (monoklin, C2/m (Nr. 12); Z = 4; a = 1 461,6(7); b = 1 085,6(4); c = 1030,3(7) pm, β = 92,63(4)°, Vm = 245,9(4) cm3/mol; R = 0,097, Rw = 0,043) erstrecken sich entlang [010] doppelt kantenverknüpfte [Re3Br12]--Baueinheiten. Diese Stränge werden durch NH4+-Ionen zusammengehalten, wobei jedes NH4+ von acht Br- aus vier unterschiedlichen Strängen umgeben ist. Der thermische Abbau erfolgt im wesentlichen in zwei Schritten: Bei 290°C entsteht durch Disproportionierung ReBr3 im ReCl3-Typ bzw. Rhenium-Metall neben (NH4)2[ReBr6], das bei 390°C durch “innere Reduktion” zu Rhenium-Metall abgebaut wird.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 618 (1992), S. 35-38 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Ternary nickelphosphides ; magnesium ; manganese ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Mg3Ni20P6 and Mn3Ni20P6 - Two new Phosphides with Cr23C6-type StructureThe crystal structures of Mg3Ni20P6 (a = 11.113(3)A) and Mg3Ni20P6 (a = 11.085(1)Å) were determined by single crystal X-ray investigations. Both compounds, prepared by heating appropriate mixtures of the elements, crystallize in a ternary variant of the Cr23C6-type structure (Fm3m), which is well-known due to a large number of ternary borides.
    Notes: Die Kristallstrukturen von Mg3Ni20P6 (a = 11,113(3) Å) und Mn3Ni20P6 (a = 11,085(1) Å) wurden röntgenographisch mit Einkristallmethoden bestimmt. Beide Verbindungen, dargestellt durch Erhitzen entsprechender Elementgemenge, bilden eine Besetzungsvariante der Cr23C6-Struktur (Fm3m), in der viele ternäre Boride kristallisieren.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 618 (1992), S. 89-92 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: N,N′-Diiodosulfur diimide ; preparation ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: I—N = S = N—I, Preparation and ReactivityI—N = S = N—I is prepared form IN[Si(CH3)3]2 by reaction with SF4. It is a shock sensitive yellow powder, that appears in brown crystals after recrystallisation from CH2Cl2. The crystal structure reveals a syn-anti conformation for the molecule. Due to I … N contacts a layer lattice is formed.
    Notes: I—N=S=N—I entsteht aus IN[Si(CH3)3]2 durch Reaktion mit SF4. Es ist ein schlagempfindliches, gelbes Pulver, welches aus CH2Cl2 umkristallisiert in braunen Kristallen anfällt. Die Kristallstruktur zeigt für das Molekül die syn-anti Konformation. Durch I … N Kontakte entsteht ein Schichtengitter.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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